KEYS FOR ADVANCED LEVEL PHYSICS 0780 PAPER 1 𝑄 79 𝑥 1.

6 𝑥 10−19 𝐶
(b) Δ𝑉 = = √
1 B 11 C 21 D 31 C 41 A 4𝜋𝜀𝑜 𝑟 4𝜋 𝑥 8.85 𝑥 10−12 𝐹𝑀 −1 𝑥 2.08 𝑥 10−12 𝑚
4
2 D 12 C 22 A 32 D 42 D = 5.46 𝑥 10 𝑉 √
(c) Δ𝑊 = 𝑄Δ𝑉 = 2 𝑥 1.6 𝑥 10−19 𝐶 𝑥 5.46 𝑥 104 𝑉
3 D 13 B 23 A 33 B 43 A
= 1.74 𝑥 10−14 𝐽 √
4 A 14 C 24 C 34 A 44 C
1
5 C 15 D 25 B 35 C 45 D but Δ𝑊 = 𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
6 B 16 A 26 C 36 D 46 A 2 𝑥 1.74 𝑥 10−14 𝐽
7 C 17 B 27 D 37 B 47 D ⇒𝑉= √ √
6.64 𝑥 10−27 𝑘𝑔
8 D 18 A 28 A 38 A 48 B = 2.29 𝑥 10 𝑚𝑠 6 −1
√
9 A 19 A 29 D 39 C 49 C (07)
10 B 20 B 30 A 40 B 50 B (4) (a) Nature of diagram and arrow shown √

MARK GUIDE ADVANCED LEVEL PHYSICS 0780 PAPER 2

1. (a) An equation in which all the terms have the same base units or dimension. √
(b) F=BIL
2. Base unit of LHS = base units of F=Kgm-s √
Base units of RHS= base units of BIL
𝑄2
But base unit of B=base units of , (b) For the converging lens, =
1 1
−
1
4𝜋𝐹𝑟 2
1 𝑄2 𝑣 𝑓 𝑈
Now from 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜖𝑜 = 1
= −
1
=
1 1
⇒ 𝑉 = 35.0𝑐𝑚 √
𝐶 2 ∈𝑜 4𝜋𝐹𝑟 2
𝑣 10 14 35
−2 −2
3. Base units of 𝜇𝑜 = 𝑘𝑔𝑚𝑠 𝐴 √ For the diverging lens,
4. ⟹ 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐵 = 𝑘𝑔𝑠 −2 𝐴−1 √ 𝑈1 = −(35.0 − 29.0) = −6.0𝑐𝑚 √
5. ⟹ 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝐻𝑆 = 𝑘𝑔𝑠 −2 𝐴−2 𝐴𝑚 = 𝑘𝑔𝑚𝑠 −2 √ 1
⇒ = 24.0𝑐𝑚 √ (05)
𝑣1
6. Since base units of L.H.S = base units of RHS, then the above equation is homogeneous √
E l E l𝑃𝑄
Remark: No mark should be awarded for using the F=BIL to look for units B. (06) (5) (a) = ⇒ 𝑃𝑄 =
𝐸1 𝑙1 𝐸𝑃𝑁 𝑙𝑃𝑁
(2) (a) Work function is the minimum amount of energy required to liberate (eject) an electron E𝑃𝑁 𝑥 𝑙𝑃𝑄
from the surface of a metal(when light of sufficiently high frequency falls on it). √ 𝑙𝑃𝑁 =
𝐸𝑃𝑄
Threshold wavelength refers to the maximum wavelength above which no photoelectric But 𝑉𝑅 + 𝐸𝑃𝑄 = 9𝑉 ⇒ 𝐸𝑃𝑄 = 9𝑉 − 𝐼𝑅
emission is possible. √ 𝑉 9𝑉
ℎ𝑐 Now, 𝐼 = = = 1.25𝐴 √
(b) KEmax =hf – Wo = − 𝑊𝑜 𝑅 (4+3.2)Ω
𝜆
6.62𝑥10−34 𝐽𝑆 𝑥 3.0 𝑥 108 𝑚−1 ⟹ 𝐸𝑃𝑄 = 9 − (1.25)(4) = 4.0𝑉 √
== = 2.5 𝑥 1.6 𝑥 10−19 𝐽 √ 1.5𝑉 𝑥 1.0𝑚
5.3 𝑥 10−7 𝑚 𝑙𝑃𝑁 = = 0.4𝑚 √
−19 4.0𝑉
= 1.68 𝑥 10 𝐽 √
𝐾𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥 (b)
(c)KEmax = 𝑒𝑉𝑠 ⟹ 𝑉𝑠 =
𝑒
1.68 𝑥 10−19 𝐽
= √
1.6 𝑥 10−19 𝐶
=1.05V √ (06)
(3) (a) Most of the atom is empty space since most 𝛼 − 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 went through undeviated.
– The centre(nucleus) of the atom has most of the mass and the nucleus is positively 𝑉𝑃𝑁 =
𝑅𝑃𝑁 2Ω
𝐸 = ( ) 𝑥9𝑉 √= 3.0𝑉 √
𝑅𝑃𝑁 + 𝑅𝑁𝑄𝑅 4Ω
charged since it repelled the massive positively charged 𝛼 − 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒.
– The nucleus is very small and massive since only about 1 in 8000 were reflected back. - The resistance of a potentiometer is high and adjustable while the resistance of a
– Electrons orbit the nucleus (like planets orbit the sun) and are bound to it by an voltmeter is high and fixed.
electrostatic force of attraction. - The potentiometer is a versatile instrument used for various purposes while a
Any two for √√ voltmeter measures only p.d or emf.
 - The p.d measured by the potentiometer is equal to the actual p.d while that measured Since |𝑄𝑦 | > |𝑄𝑥 | the resultant field strength is zero at a point say P, to the left of 𝑄𝑥
by the voltmeter is less than the actual p.d (except in an ideal scenario where it would 𝐾𝑄
Now 𝐸⃗ = ∑ 2 = |𝐸𝑋 | − |𝐸𝑦 |
measure the actual p.d in the circuit) 𝑟
- A potentiometer is based on zero or null deflection method while a voltmeter is based 𝐾(2𝜇𝐶) 𝐾(3𝜇𝐶)
⟹0= − √ ⟹ 0.1 + 𝑋 = 1.2𝑋
on a deflection method. 𝑋2 (0.1 + 𝑋)2
Any one for √ (06) 𝑋 = 0.5𝑚 √ 04
Total = (20)
EITHER
6(a)(i) Young modulus is the ratio of the tensile stress to tensile strain √ 6(d)(i) The specific charge of an electron is defined as the ratio of the electrons charge to its
(ii) Diagram √√ mass. √
Procedure √√√ (ii) Diagram √√
Calculation √√ Procedure √√√
Precaution √ 09 Calculation √√
(b) Precaution √ 09
Remark: The candidate can use either the fine beam tube or the cross-field methods.
(e)(i) Total energy lost, E = energy lost from 25 oC to 0oC + energy lost in freezing + energy lost
from 0oC to -5oC
⟹ 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑤 𝐶∆𝜃 + 𝑚𝑤 𝑙𝑓 + 𝑚𝑖 𝐶∆𝜃
0.1𝑘𝑔 𝑥 4.19 𝑥 103 𝐽𝑘𝑔−1 𝐾 −1 𝑥 25𝐾 + 0.11𝑘𝑔 𝑥 3.34 𝑥 103 𝐽𝑘𝑔−1
+ 0.1𝑘𝑔 𝑥 2110𝐽𝑘𝑔−1 𝐾 −1 𝑥 5𝐾 √
= 104.75𝐽 + 33400𝐽 + 1055𝐽√= 44930𝐽 = 4.49 𝑥 104 𝐽√
(ii) Energy transfer happens faster when the difference in temperature is larger √
(i) By LCLM, 𝑚𝑏 𝑢𝑏 = (𝑚𝑏 + 𝑚𝑤 )𝑣 √
Thus if the temperature the freezer is brought closer to the temperature of the water, it will take
𝑚𝑏 𝑢𝑏 15 𝑥 10−3 𝑘𝑔 𝑥 120𝑚𝑠 −1
⟹𝑣= = √ = 0.72𝑚𝑠 −1 √ longer to freeze. √
𝑚𝑏 + 𝑚𝑤 15 𝑥 10−3 𝑘𝑔 + 2.5𝑘𝑔 3
1 2.515𝑘𝑔 𝑥 (0.72𝑚𝑠 −1 )2 (iii) Total internal energy = 𝑛𝑁𝐴 𝑥 𝐾𝑇
2
𝐾𝐸𝐴 = (𝑚𝑏 + 𝑚𝑤 )𝑣 2 = = 0.64𝐽 √ 3
2 2 = 2.44 𝑥 6.02 𝑥 10 𝑥 𝑥 1.38 𝑥 10−23 𝑥 250 = 7.60 𝑥 103 𝐽 √
23
1 1 2
Now 𝐾𝐸𝐵 = (𝑚𝑏 𝑢𝑏2 ) = (15 𝑥 10−3 𝑘𝑔) 𝑥 (120𝑚𝑠 −1 )2 = 108𝐽 √ 3
2 2 Total final energy = 𝑛𝑁𝐴 𝑥 𝐾𝑇 = 8.81 𝑥 103 𝐽
Since 𝐾𝐸𝐴 ≠ 𝐾𝐸𝐵 , then the collision is inelastic 2
(iii) By LCME just after impact, (KE + PE) at impact = (KE + PE) just after impact ⟹ 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 = 8.81 𝑥 102 𝐽 − 7.60 𝑥 103 𝐽 = 1.22 𝑥 103 𝐽 √
1 𝑣2 07
⟹ (𝑚𝑏 + 𝑚𝑤 )𝑣 2 = (𝑚𝑏 + 𝑚𝑤 )𝑔ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑥 ⇒ ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.4 𝑥 10−3 𝑚 𝑥 2.5 10−4 𝑚
2 2𝑔 f(i) 𝜆 = = 5.0 𝑥 10−7 𝑚 √
20 𝑥 10−2 𝑚
(0.72𝑚𝑠 −1 )2 𝑚𝜆
⟹ ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.03𝑚 √ (ii) (𝑛 − 1)𝑙 = m𝜆 = 𝑛 = +1
𝑙
2 𝑥 9.81𝑚𝑠 −2 20 𝑥 5 𝑥 10−7 𝑚
ℎ 0.03 ⟹𝑛= + 1 √= 1.15 √ 04
Now, ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑙 − 𝑙 cos 𝜃 ⟹ cos 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1 − 6.5 𝑥 10−5 𝑚
𝑙 2
⟹ 𝜃 = 9. 9 0
⟹𝜃=1 0
√ 07 (20)
1 1
𝑄( − ) 1 1
7(a) 𝑅 = 𝑅0 𝑒 𝑇 𝑇𝑜 ⟹ 𝑙𝑛𝑅 = 𝑙𝑛𝑅𝑜 + 𝑄 ( − )
(c)(i) 𝑇 𝑇𝑜

𝑅 1 𝑄
𝑙𝑛 ( ⁄𝑅 ) = 𝑄 ( − ) , 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
𝑜 𝑇 𝑇𝑜
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 √
√√ 1
Thus a graph of 𝑙𝑛 (𝑅⁄𝑅 ) against is a straight line with slope equals Q √ and intercept on
ii) 𝑜 𝑇
−𝑄
𝑙𝑛 (𝑅⁄𝑅 ) axis equals √
𝑜 𝑇𝑜
R/M 𝛀 𝜽⁄ 𝒍𝒏 (𝑹⁄𝑹 ) 𝟏
℃ 𝒐 /𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝑲
𝑻
2.0 10.0 1.39 3.53
3.0 20.0 1.79 3.41 𝑚
⇒ = 1.29𝑘𝑔𝑚−3 𝑥 1200𝑚2 𝑥 13𝑚𝑠 −1 √
5.0 30.0 2.30 3.30 𝑡
7.0 40.0 2.64 3.19 = 20124𝑘𝑔𝑠 −1 = 2.01 𝑥 104 𝑘𝑔𝑠 −1 √
11.0 50.0 3.09 3.10 (ii) KE lost per second = ∆𝐾𝐸 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
1
19.0 60.0 3.64 3.00 = (𝑚⁄𝑡)[𝑉12 − 𝑉22 ]
30.0 70.0 4.09 2.92 2
1
= (20124𝑘𝑔𝑠 −1 )[132 − 102 ]𝑚2 𝑠 −2 √
46.0 80.0 4.52 2.82 2
64.0 90.0 4.85 2.75 = 694278𝐽𝑠 −1 = 6.94 𝑥 105 𝑊 √
∆𝐾𝐸
95.0 100.0 5.25 2.68 (iii) 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 = ( ) 𝑥 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑡
√ √ ⇒ 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 694278𝑊 𝑥 0.8 = 555422.4𝑊
900𝑀𝑊
Axes + units + scale √√√ Plotting √√ Line √ ⇒ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠, 𝑛 = √= 1620 √
555422.4𝑊
11 (c)(i) This is the change in statistical properties of the climate system when considered over long
period of time and can be caused by both natural processes and human activities. √√
(ii) Radio hazards and human activities can cause the following, which will lead to global
∆𝑙𝑛(𝑅⁄𝑅 ) 4.75−1.50
warming and consequently climate change.
𝑜
(b) 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 1 = (27.7−34.7) - Greenhouse gas emission
∆ 𝑥 10−4 𝐾 −1
𝑇
- Alteration of energy balance
√√ - Land use changes and feedback mechanism.
⇒ 𝑄 = −4.64 𝑥 103 𝐾 √ Large triangle √ - Air pollution
Now, the point P (30.6 x 10−4 𝐾 −1 , 3.4) lie Any two for √√ (15)
on the line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐
9(a) (i) Modulation is the process of encoding an analogue message signal into a carrier signal,
⟹ 𝑐 = 𝑦 − 𝑚𝑥
𝑐 = 3.4 − (−4.64 𝑥 103 𝐾)(30.6 𝑥 10−4 𝐾 −1 ) either to vary its amplitude or its frequency. √
- Superheterodyning is the mixing of the incoming 𝑓𝑅𝐹 signal with a higher 𝑓𝐿𝑂 in a
= 17.61 √
−𝑄 4.64 𝑥 103 𝐾 mixer to produce an IF. √
But 𝑐 = ⟹ 𝑇𝑜 = √= (ii) 𝐼𝐹 = 𝑓𝐿𝑂 − 𝑓𝑅𝐹 = 102.9𝑀𝐻𝑧 − 92.2𝑀𝐻𝑧√
𝑇𝑜 17.61
263.3𝐾 √ = 10.7 𝑀𝐻𝑧√
(iii)
L and D shown √
C1 and C2 shown √

1 1
c) =− = −2.4 𝑥 10−4 𝐾 −1 √
𝑄 4.64 𝑥 103 𝐾
1
Thus signifies the temperature coefficient of resistance of the thermistor. √ 09
𝑄
Total = 20
8(a)(i) Direct energy sources refer to those that can be readily converted into usable energy
without the need for an intermediate process (or conversion) while indirect energy sources are (b) i) A base station is a central radio transmitter and receiver (transceiver) that serves as a
those that are not immediately usable but require conversion processes to transform them into a communication hub for mobile devices within a specific coverage area, known as cell in a
form suitable for practical applications. √√ wireless network √
𝑚𝐶∆𝜃 𝑚 𝐶∆𝜃 (ii) - It initiates the call set-up process by establishing a connection with the phone land set
(ii) 𝑘𝐴 = ⇒ 𝑘 = ( ). 2
𝑡 𝑡 4𝜋𝑟
−1 3 −1
0.06𝑘𝑔𝑠 𝑥 4.19 𝑥 10 𝐽𝑘𝑔 𝐾 𝑥 15𝐾 −1 - It facilitates signal transmission and reception.
𝑘= 11 2 √√ - It oversees potential handovers for uninterrupted connectivity as the user moves within the
4𝜋 𝑥 (1.5 𝑥 10 𝑚)
−20
= 1.3 𝑥 10 𝑊𝑚 √ −2 network.
3
Remark: This value is far less than the yearly average of solar constant of 1.361 𝑥 10 𝑊𝑚 −2 - It monitors and optimizes the calls quality adjusting parameter to maintain clear and reliable
(Although solar constant is not actually a constant value) communication.
(b) (i) 𝑚 = 𝜌𝐴𝑣𝑡 ⇒ = 𝜌𝐴𝑣
𝑚 Any three for √√√
𝑡
(c)(i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑖 = √𝑛12 − 𝑛22
 ⇒ Ɵ𝑖 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (√0.0588) = 140 √ Thus, the type of lens needed is a diverging lens√
ii) Ɵ𝑐 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 𝑛2
( ) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1
(
1.46 0
) = 80.6 √ (iii)
𝑛1 1.38
𝑑
(iii) Distance travelled by light from one reflection to another, x is given by 𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑟 = ⇒ 𝑥 =
𝑥
𝑑
𝑠𝑖𝑛Ɵ𝑟
But Ɵ𝑟 =90-80.6 =9.40
5 𝑥 10−4 𝑚
⇒𝑥= = 3.05 𝑥 10−4 𝑚 √
sin (9.4)
Now one reflection covers the length,
𝑑 5 𝑋 10−4 𝑚 √ √
𝑙 = = = 3.01 𝑥10−4 𝑚
𝑡𝑎𝑛Ɵ𝑟 tan(9.4) (b) (i) Threshold of hearing is the lowest (minimum) intensity of sound that can be detected by
1.80 𝑋 102 𝑚
𝑁 0 𝑓𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝑁 = = 6.0 𝑋 105 √ the human ear. √
3.01 𝑋 10−4 𝑚 𝐼
iv) Path length =Nx (ii) Intensity level = 10 log ( )
𝐼𝑜
= 6.0 𝑥105 𝑥 3.05 𝑥 10−4 𝑚 = 1.82 X 102 m √ (15) 𝐼 𝐼
⟹ 50 = 10 log ( ) ⟹ = 105
𝐼𝑜 𝐼𝑜
10 (a)(i) D =light emitting diode (LED) √
(ii) R is used to protect the LED such that the current flowing through it does not exceed the safe ⟹ 𝐼 = 1.0 𝑥 10 𝑊𝑚 𝑥 105 √= 1.0 𝑥 10−7 𝑊𝑚−2 √
−12 −2

value. (ie R limits the current flowing through the LED). √ (iii) An ECG trace shows the electrical signal produced by the heart at the surface of the body. √
(iii) – using a battery with higher e.m.f - Placing the electrodes on the body in pairs near the arteries
- Removing hairs and dead skin cells to get a good contact
- Using a resistor with lower resistance √
- Using conductive gel get a good contact
- Removing the resistor completely
𝑉 𝑉−𝑉𝐷 𝑉−𝑉𝐷 - Getting patients to remain still
(iv) 𝐼𝑓 = 𝑅 = ⇒𝑅= Using high impedence amplifiers (Any one for √)
𝑅 𝑅 𝐼𝑓
9𝑉 − 1.8𝑉 (c)(i)
⇒𝑅= √= 288Ω √ - A narrow monochromatic x-ray beam is rotated around the body and picked up by
25 𝑥 10−3 𝐴
(b)(i) −𝑅2 converts the transistor from a current amplifier to a voltage amplifier. √ It also thousands of detectors. √
produces the output - These detectors feed a signal to a computer, which works out how much attenuation has
−𝐶1 is a coupling capacitor. It stops d.c components in the input signal entering the circuit. √ been caused by each part of the body and then produces a very high quality image.√
−𝐶2 is a coupling capacitor. It ensures that only a.c components appears at the output terminal. √ (ii)
(ii) By KVL, 𝑉𝑐𝑐 − 𝐼𝑐 𝑅𝑐 − 𝑉𝑜 = 0 - CT scans produce better resolution images of bones than MR and Ultrasound.
𝑉𝑐𝑐 − 𝑉𝑜 9𝑉 − 3𝑉 - CT scans are cheaper than MR scans
⇒ 𝑅2 = = = 6𝐾Ω √ - CT scans take less time than MR scan
𝐼𝑐 1 𝑥 10−3 𝐴
Also from KVL, 𝑉𝐵𝐸 + 𝑉𝑅4 − 𝑉𝑅3 = 0 - CT scans aren’t in an enclosed space, unlike MR scans
Anyone one for √
⇒ 𝑉𝑅3 = 1 𝑥 10−3 𝐴 𝑥 1 𝑥 103 Ω + 0.6𝑉 = 1.6𝑉 √
𝑅3 𝑅1 𝑉𝑅3
(iii)
But 𝑉𝑅3 = 𝑉 ⇒ 𝑅3 = = 12.8𝐾 √ - An A-scan, a short pulse of Ultrasound is sent into the eyeball.
𝑅3 + 𝑅1 𝑐𝑐 𝑉𝑐𝑐 −𝑉𝑅3
(c)(i) This can be obtained by connecting all the input terminals of the NAND gate together to - Part of the pulse is reflected at the boundary at back of the eye and picked up on a CRO
form only one input. √ screen. √
- The time it takes for this echo to come back can be used to calculate the depth of the
eyeball. √ (15)
(ii) This is because
- NAND gates are the easiest form of gates to be manufactured in large scale. √
- NAND gates are used as building blocks in building other forms of gates. √ (15)
11(a)(i) Short sightedness or myopia √
(ii) 𝑢 = ∞, 𝑣 = −280𝑐𝑚
1 1 1
= − ⇒ 𝑓 = −280𝑐𝑚 √
𝑓 ∞ 280