ASSESSMENT OF KAYULO FALLS AS A POTENTIAL

COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM SITE IN BARANGAY BAHILE

PUERTO PRINCESA CITY

An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of the College of Hospitality and Tourism Management
Palawan State University
Puerto Princesa City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

By:

CORTEZ, JERI BERNADETH A.

DALABAJAN, PRINCESS JOEANE C.
ENCARNACION, ERIKA ELLA P.
MORENO, RUFFA MAE D.
SENCILLO, ROMEL MARC C.

December 2023

i
 APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “ASSESSMENT OF KAYULO FALLS AS A POTENTIAL
COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM SITE IN BARANGAY BAHILE PUERTO
PRINCESA CITY” prepared and submitted by Cortez, Jeri Bernadeth A., Dalabajan,
Princess Joeane C., Encarnacion, Erika Ella P., Moreno, Ruffa Mae D., Sencillo,
Romel Marc C. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of
Science in Tourism Management has been examined and is hereby accepted.

DR. JUDY ANN VALINO-SARAIL KRISTIAN B. ALMONTE

Research Professor Research Adviser
________________________________________________________________________
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Evaluated by the Panel of Examiners on Oral Examination with a grade of ___________.

ZHARIFA FLEVIE S. CARIM

Chairman

MARTIN T. PAGADUAN JR. JOVELYN G. BORRES

Member Member
The Research Department of PSU College of Hospitality and Tourism Management
hereby endorses acceptance of this undergraduate thesis as partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management.

ZHARIFA FLEVIE S. CARIM

Research Coordinator

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor
of Science in Tourism Management.

ARBEN C. CADIGAL
Dean, College of Hospitality and Tourism Management

Date of Approval:

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The Researchers want to give their sincerest gratitude and overwhelming

appreciation to all the people who patiently helped them in accomplishing this research

entitled, “Assessment of Kayulo Falls as potential Community-Based Tourism Site in

Barangay Bahile Puerto Princesa City” and with all gratefulness, we dedicated this to the

following persons:

Special thanks to Dr. Judy Ann V. Sarail, our research professor, who gave the

permission to conduct the study despite the changes brought by the COVID-19 Pandemic

to the Industry and Education.

A profound sense of gratitude binds the researchers to tour research advisor, Mr.

Kristian B. Almonte for his efforts to provide technical support through resource

materials and for making this research possible by continuously guiding the researchers

to their best. His suggestions with pure kindness and dynamism have enabled the

members of the research to complete the study. His dedication, enthusiasm, and keen

interest above all his untiring reminders help the researchers solely and mainly

responsible to complete the study. The researchers shall be forever highly indebted and

gratified for his guidance.

No words can sum up with the gratefulness that researchers owe with the

Chairman of Panel, Ms. Zharifa Flevie S. Carim whom served as the keyperson on the

success of the study; her timely assistance, enthusiasm, professionalism and meticulous

scrutiny have helped the researchers to the great extent on accomplishing the research

study.

iii
 Distinguished members of the panel, Mr. Martin T. Pagaduan Jr., together with

Ms. Jovelyn G. Borres, for imparting their knowledge through timely and critical pieces

of advice, approval of our study and exemplary recognition

To the Statistician, Mr. Jett Bernardo Cortez for sharing his knowledge and

technical know-how and for providing the guidance on calculations and suggested

important improvement on the study.

Local Residents of Barangay Bahile Puerto Princesa City for their considerate

support and for their honest and cooperative response to all the questions solicited in the

study.

A deep and sincere appreciation to the Families and Friends, for being the

motivation, inspiration as they give their full support in providing all the needs for this

endeavor.

And lastly, to the Almighty God, in providing the researchers the strength,

guidance, focus, protection, and a healthy mind and body. All of these are offered most

especially to you.

The Researchers,

J.A.C

P.C.D

E.P.E

R.D.M

R.C.S

iv
 ABSTRACT

This study entitled "Assessment of Kayulo Falls as a Potential Community-Based

Tourism Site in Barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City," aimed to evaluate the
viability of Kayulo Falls for community-based tourism. Utilizing a quantitative method
involving the results of convenience sampling which are the 305 community respondents,
various aspects such as physical attributes, ecotourism products, social readiness, cultural
elements, services, market, accessibility, and institutional aspects were scrutinized. The
demographic profile of respondents indicated a predominance of young adults aged 19-
28, mainly males residing in Barangay Bahile for over three years. The study identified
specific puroks and local officials among the respondents. Regarding Kayulo Falls, a
substantial percentage of respondents acknowledged its positive physical attributes,
affirming its potential as a community-based tourism site. However, findings revealed
significant gaps in policies, ecotourism initiatives, waste management, local security
personnel, and specific security measures for tourists at Kayulo Falls. The study's
analysis, using the criteria set by the National Ecotourism Strategy, which highest total
score is 90 points, and a passing score is 63 points. Based on the total points of the
collected data, the sum of the scores in the 8 categories is only 53 points. As a result, the
assumption of Kayulo Falls as a Potential Community-Based Tourism Site was rejected.
Recommendations based on the findings encompass strategies to enhance sustainability,
conservation practices, diversification of ecotourism offerings, community involvement
in conservation efforts, showcasing local cultural heritage, urgent infrastructure
development, adaptive marketing approaches, transportation assessment, and
collaborative policy development with local stakeholders. Conducted in Barangay Bahile,
Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, the study offers insights into the potential and challenges
of developing Kayulo Falls as a community-based tourism destination, urging concerted
efforts to bridge existing gaps and leverage its natural appeal sustainably.

Keywords: Assessment, Community-Based Tourism, Physical Attributes, Ecotourism

Products, Social Preparedness, Cultural Features, Ecotourism Services, Market,
Accessibility; and Institutional Aspect

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE ---------------------------------------------------------------- i.
APPROVAL SHEET ---------------------------------------------------------------- ii.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ---------------------------------------------------------------- iii.
ABSTRACT ---------------------------------------------------------------- v.
TABLE OF CONTENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------- vi.
LIST OF TABLES -----------------------------------------------------------------vii.
LIST OF FIGURES ------------------------------------------------------------------ix.
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
Background of the study -------------------------------------------------------- 1
Statement of the Problem/s ---------------------------------------------------------3
Objective/s of the Study ---------------------------------------------------------4
Significance of the Study -------------------------------------------------------- 5
Scope and limitation of the study ------------------------------------------------6
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Review of the Related Literature ------------------------------------------------7
Conceptual Framework ---------------------------------------------------------23
Assumption ------------------------------------------------------------------24
Definition of Terms -------------------------------------------------------------- ---24
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ---------------------------------------------------------27
Research Design -------------------------------------------------------------------27
Research Locale --------------------------------------------------------------------28
Research Instrument -------------------------------------------------------------------28
Population and Sampling Procedure -----------------------------------------------29
Data Gathering Procedure ---------------------------------------------------------30
Statistical Treatment --------------------------------------------------------31
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA ---------------------------------------------------------32

vi
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion ---------------------------------------------------------------- 57
Recommendations --------------------------------------------------------------- 57
REFERENCES ----------------------------------------------------------------61
APPENDICES ----------------------------------------------------------------63
Letters ----------------------------------------------------------------64
Gantt Chart ----------------------------------------------------------------75
Documentation ----------------------------------------------------------------76
Summary of Changes ----------------------------------------------------------------79
Curriculum Vitae ----------------------------------------------------------------86

vii
 LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page
Table 1.1 Distribution of respondents according to Age 33
Table 1.2 Distribution of respondents according to Sex 35
Table 1.3 Distribution of respondents according to 36
Length of Residency
Table 1.4 Distribution of respondents according to 38
Purok Address
Table 1.5 Distribution of respondents according to 39
local Positions
Table 2.1 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Physical attributes 40
as a Potential Community-Based Tourism Site
Table 2.2 Eco tourism Activities 42
Table 2.2.1 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Ecotourism Activities
as a Potential Community-Based Tourism Site 42
Table 2.2.2. Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Ecotourism
Activities as a Potential Community-Based Tourism Site 44
Table 2.3 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Social Preparedness
as a Potential Community-Based Tourism Site 45
Table 2.4 Assessment of Kayulo Falls inCultural
features as a Potential Community-Based Tourism Site 47
Table 2.5 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Eco tourism
Services as a Potential Community-Based Tourism Site 49
Table 2.6 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Market as a Potential
Community-Based Tourism Site 51
Table 2.7 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Accessibility as a
Potential Community-Based Tourism Site 52
Table 2.8 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Eco tourism in
Institutional Aspect as a Potential Community-Based
Tourism Site 54
viii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

Figure 1. Independent Variables and Dependent Variables 23
Figure 2. Map of Barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City 28
Palawan
Figure 3. Data Gathering Flowchart 30

ix
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The background information on the chosen topic was presented in this chapter,

which was then followed by a statement of the problem, the study's goals, and

beneficiaries, as well as its scope and limitations

Background of the Study

Ecotourism is environmentally friendly and aims to preserve the beauty of one's

destination, protecting the local ecosystem and natural resources. It also involves giving

local people a living wage while helping them preserve their communities and culture.

According to The International Ecotourism Society (TIES, 2020) ecotourism can be

defined as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the environment, sustain the

well-being of the local people, and involve interpretation and education." Ecotourism is

environmentally friendly travel to natural areas; it is a growing industry that has the

ability to bring invaluable tourism revenue to countries with flourishing natural

environments. The Philippines has the potential to be an ecotourism hotspot, and if

implemented correctly, ecotourism could enable the alleviation of poverty in the

Philippines as well as contribute to the conservation of the Philippines’ natural resources

(Yu, 2020).

Moreover, Community-Based Tourism is defined by the Centre for the Promotion

of Imports from Developing Countries (CBI) as a niche sector where the local

1
community directly benefits from tourism profits. As a tourism entrepreneur in a

developing nation,

1
community-based tourism provides numerous opportunities by allowing travelers to

experience village life. Additionally, Community-Based Tourism (CBT) is also used in

developing countries to enhance the conservation of natural resources, preserve

traditional culture, and generate income at the local level. Today, tourists prioritize local

communities, cultural heritage, and the quality of tourism destinations in terms of safety,

cleanliness, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, tourist choice of destination is

based on the extent of destinations’ attractiveness and its ability in influencing tourists’

satisfaction (Ekong, 2021).

Furthermore, Puerto Princesa serves as the capital of the island province of

Palawan. The city has been acclaimed several times as the cleanest and greenest city in

the Philippines. Offering a wide range of attractions, from beaches to wildlife reserves,

Puerto Princesa is a nature lover's paradise.

Barangay Bahile, one of the barangays in Puerto Princesa, has a lot of different

plants, animals, beautiful views of nature, and rich biodiversity, featuring attractions such

as Kayulo Falls. Kayulo Falls could be a great place for ecotourism because of its natural

resources. Currently, Kayulo Falls does not belong to the Community-Based Tourism

site.

Therefore, the researcher conducted this study to determine if Kayulo Falls has

the potential to be a Community-Based Tourism site. The assessment includes

considerations of Physical Attributes, Ecotourism Products, Social Preparedness, Cultural

Features, Ecotourism Services, Market, Accessibility, and Institutional Aspect, aligning

with the standard approach set by the National Ecotourism Strategy (NES). This study
2
will be essential for the local community of Barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City, to

create a healthy network of local businesses, social and economic well-being and creates

connection and a sense of community. These opportunities are not only the foundation of

the economic prosperity of Barangay Bahile but also contribute to helping the

communities create and preserve their identity.

Statement of the Problem

The goal of this study was to evaluate Kayulo Falls' potential as a Barangay

Bahile community-based tourism destination. It specifically responds to the research

questions listed below.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;

a. Age;

b. Sex;

c. Length of Residency;

d. Purok Address; and

e. Position in Barangay.

2. What is the potential of Kayulo falls as a Community-Based Tourism Site in terms of;

a. Physical Attributes;

b. Ecotourism Products;

c. Social Preparedness;

3
 d. Cultural Features;

e. Ecotourism Services;

f. Market;

g. Accessibility; and

h. Institutional Aspect.

Objective of the Study

This study aimed to determine if Kayulo Falls could serve as a suitable

Community-Based Tourism Site. It explored various aspects such as the Physical

Attributes, Ecotourism Products, Social Preparedness, Cultural Features, Ecotourism

Services, Market, Accessibility, and Institutional Aspect. Additionally, the study sought

to understand the demographics of the community members involved, including their

ages, genders, duration of residence in Barangay Bahile, specific neighborhood details,

and any official roles they held within the community. This dual approach aimed to

assess both the potential of Kayulo Falls as a tourist spot and the perspectives of different

community segments.

4
Significance of the study

The result and findings of this study sought to give further insights, information,

and inspiration to the following

To the Community of Barangay Bahile. This study aims to impart knowledge

about Kayulo Falls as a potential Community-Tourism site, offering valuable information

to the people of Barangay Bahile.

To the City Tourism Department. This study will provide data and information

with regards to the status of Kayulo Falls in Barangay Bahile. This study will also be a

guide for creating a creteria that applicable for potential Community-Based Tourism Site

in localities like Kayulo Falls in Barangay Bahile.

To the Tourism Stakeholders. This study provides tourism stakeholders with a

comprehensive understanding of the benefits and challenges associated with potentials

community-based tourism like Kayulo Falls in Barangay Bahile.

To the Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management Students. This study can

serve as a valuable reference for students gathering information about Community-Based

Tourism.

To the Researchers. They will improve their skills, strategy and knowledge

about Community-Based Tourism in engaging research.

5
 To the Future Researchers. This study can serve as a foundational reference for

future researchers, providing a starting point for similar investigations with different

materials to ensure the correctness of their results.

To the Reader. This study can provide readers an in-depth comprehensive

understanding of the significance and potential of Kayulo Falls as a community-based

tourism site. The findings of this study can inspire readers to explore community-based

tourism as a means to promote local economies, celebrate diversity, and protect the

environment.

Scope and Delimitation

This study entitled “Assessment of Kayulo Falls as a Potential Community-Based

Tourism Site in Barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City." The research involved 305

community members as respondents and took place within Barangay Bahile, Puerto

Princesa City, this study was conducted from August 2022 to December 2023.

6
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presented a review of the related literature and other studies, a

conceptual framework, assumption, and a definition of terms.

Ecotourism

Ecotourism is a form of sustainable tourism that protects the environment,

promotes locals' welfare, and engages interpretation and instruction (TIES, 2015).

Ecotourism focuses on local cultures, wilderness, adventures, volunteering, personal

growth and learning new ways to live on our vulnerable planet. It is considered the fastest

growing market in the tourism industry, according to the World Tourism Organization

with an annual growth rate of 9.6% worldwide and representing 8% of the world Gross

Domestic Product, 11.4% of all consumers spending (Doke, 2017). To promote

ecotourism as an instrument for biodiversity conservation and development, it is

fundamental that it is developed and managed in a manner which helps to reduce threats

to global biodiversity and opportunities for sustainable livelihoods are generated

(Shrivastava, 2019).

Ecotourism in the Philippines

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 Ecotourism has been a consistently growing aspect of the Philippine tourism

industry, in several regions and islands. The Philippines' economic growth strategy relies

heavily on tourism, which has been developing steadily traveler visits increased by more

than 10% between 2016 and 2018 (Goldsmith, 2018). The National Tourism Congress

promoted ecotourism, and during the ensuing few years, regional seminars on sustainable

8
ecotourism themes were held. The National Ecotourism Development Council was

established by Executive Order 111, which was issued in 1999 and fostered the growth of

ecotourism throughout the nation (Eugenio, et. al, 2012).

Community-Based Tourism

Community-based is a dominant form of tourism in developing countries, such as

the Philippines, where local communities are involved in the process of tourism

development. Community-based ecotourism is often connected with affordable

accommodation and amenities targeted at independent and low-budget travelers who do

not expect high-end tourism facilities. The greatest way for a community to make money

from operating a tourism business in a protected area that it owns, manages, and

conserves is through community-based ecotourism (Anup K.C., 2016).

The Philippines, an archipelagic nation with more than 7,000 islands, is naturally

endowed with tourism resources, many of which are still relatively undiscovered and far

from established tourist routes but have enormous potential for growth. In addition, many

of these locations are already promoting small-scale or community-based tourism (CBT)

as a means of enhancing livelihood and giving their underprivileged populations an

alternative source of income (Gabito, 2012).

Waterfalls as Tourist Destination

Since there are more than 7000 islands in the Philippines, it is only natural that the

nation is well known for its pristine beaches and islands. Philippine waterfalls, on the

8
other hand, are a different category of natural attraction that the nation is proud of. The

Philippines has some amazing waterfalls that were created by nature. They are both

incredibly attractive and strong because they are hidden in mountains and forests, getting

to them is a journey in and of itself. To entice travelers to return to tourist attractions,

proprietors must learn to satisfy the desires and expectations of visitors (Hudson, 2012).

Thus, the following study about waterfalls shows a potential community-based tourism

site in the Philippines. Sayahan Falls in Ormoc, Philippines, provides ecotourism and

livelihood potentials. It may be reached by hiking for 45 to 60 minutes and has a

relatively dense background forest. The medium-sized flowing horsetail waterfall is

about 60 meters tall. As a result, Sayahan Falls' significant potential for generating

income might be leveraged to turn the area into a major tourist attraction. (Nierras, 2022).

In the southernmost region of the Philippine Island of Luzon sits the province of

Batangas, where the municipality of Laurel is located. According to the 2020 census, it

has a population of 43,210 people (NSO, 2020). The waterfalls in Barangay San Gabriel

are situated on opposite sides of a woodland. The walking distance to each fall from Sitio

Salipit's jump-off location is around 30 minutes. The two falls are then only a short

distance away. Throughout the trek to the falls, you will cross several river tributaries

using these bamboo stilt bridges. Everywhere you looked, the river stream was perfectly

clean, and visitors were free to swim whenever anyone wanted.

National Ecotourism Policy

Although the idea of ecotourism was introduced as early as 1992, it was only in

1999 that the Philippine government officially adopted an ecotourism policy through the

issuance of Executive Order No. 1114. This provided a legal framework for the
9
Department of Tourism (DOT) and Department of Environment and Natural Resources

(DENR) to work together with other stakeholders in the ecotourism sector. It also

mandated the formulation of an ecotourism strategy program. As a result, this became the

basis to produce the country’s first integrated ecotourism management plan - or the

National Ecotourism Strategy (NES) - which laid out the blueprint for ecotourism

development in the country. While the goal of the first NES (2002-2012) was to

mainstream ecotourism in community-based resource management, the latest NES (2013-

2022) focuses more on ensuring responsible development and management of sites that

will, in turn, contribute to inclusive growth. The second NES recognizes ecotourism as a

development tool that can transform the country into a haven of competitive ecotourism

destinations, products and services, without compromising efforts to conserve natural

resources and to promote environmental education and ethics. The ecotourism resources

and products that are available in the Philippines as identified in the NES. Many of the

ecotourism options in the country are a mix of sites and activities that fall under the

tourism categories of sun and beach, nature-based, and diving and marine sports.The

NES has also provided a set of criteria to determine which sites will be prioritized, given

the limited budget and resources available for ecotourism development. These criteria are

weighted, with 100 points divided over eight categories; the highest allocation of 50

points is assigned to “physical attributes''. This aspect particularly highlights biodiversity,

the uniqueness of the natural attraction, and the legal and institutional recognition of the

site or destination. By allocating half of the total points to this category, the government

has recognized the importance of prioritizing the protection of natural areas that possess

high levels of biodiversity. The remaining criteria focus primarily on auxiliary

10
ecotourism products and services that indicate the potential and readiness of a site in

terms of other attributes. Sites can receive a maximum of 5-10 points from each of these

criteria.

Ecotourism Assessment

While the NES lists the monitoring of outcomes and impacts as one of the main

strategies, the government acknowledges that the task of evaluating tourism sites and

activities without established guidelines and standards is daunting. In fact, the previous

NES (2002-2012) mentioned the weak implementation of monitoring and evaluation

(M&E) mechanisms as one of its areas of concerns. However, the fact that, in 2018, the

DENR launched a new Monitoring and Education (M&E) tool to track ecotourism sites

and/or projects is a welcome development. The DENR developed the Ecotourism

Tracking Tool (ETT) to monitor and measure existing ecotourism sites and activities in

terms of their friendliness to the environment, as well as their adherence to the principles

of ecotourism. There are two versions of the ETT in order to cover ecotourism

sites/projects both (a) within and (b) outside protected areas. There are eight common

parameters covering policies, operations and management systems, sociocultural factors,

ecotourism products and services, economic benefits, financing/enterprise building,

bioecological considerations, and facilities. The ETT also provides Source: National

Ecotourism Strategy 2013-2022 authorities with a basis for justifying the issuance of

necessary permits and for deciding whether or not a site qualifies as an ecotourism zone

or area.

Impact on Environment

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 Ecotourism offers a wide range of opportunities including decent livelihoods,

higher local incomes, and better environmental awareness, particularly for local

community members. However, rapid and unplanned ecotourism developments, and the

consequent influx of people, can have a negative impact on the environment and natural

resources, and this trend has become more evident and alarming. The 1991 Tourism

Master Plan, the predecessor to the National Tourism Development Plan (NTDP), even

stated that human activities have altered natural and cultural environments in the

Philippines. Even though data on the environmental impacts of ecotourism in the

Philippines is limited, there are some local studies and information indicating that certain

destinations in the country are experiencing environmental problems such as marine and

terrestrial life degradation, natural resource depletion, environmental pollution and

vandalism. A 1999 study by Evacitas on whale watching activities in Tañon Strait, Bais

City, showed that the close interaction between humans and cetaceans (dolphins and

whales) has affected the marine life and environment in the vicinity. The study noted that

the cause of water turbidity and coral reef destruction near the city’s Hindungawan Wharf

was due to the constant operation of tourist vessels. In another study (2004-2005)

conducted in Donsol, Sorsogon, researchers discovered that the activities associated with

whale shark watching, such as flash photography, diving, and playing (by touching) with

whale sharks, had affected the movement and behavior of these animals. Moreover, a

2015 research report indicated that a similar activity in Oslob, Cebu, had also led to the

degradation of the coral reef ecosystem, which was exemplified by higher microalgae and

lower coral density in the area Another consequence of excessive tourism development is

the pressure exerted on scarce natural resources such as water and local raw materials.

12
This usually happens when the number of tourists and activities exceeds the carrying

capacity or limit of that destination. The Department of Environment and Natural

Resources (DENR), in their National Water Quality Status Report for 2006-2013,

reported that they had identified some coastal and marine waters (i.e. Manila Bay, Coron

Bay, and Nasugbu Bay) which were not safe for human activities due to high levels of

human excrement (>200MPN/100ml). The same report also noted that Boracay Island’s

groundwater resources were highly vulnerable to contamination, and that “unregulated

pressures due to tourism development could lead to the further degradation of the

groundwater and coastal water resources” of the renowned island. However, these

problems do not relate only to marine and coastal areas. In fact, Dulnuan, in her research,

revealed that before Sagada in the Mountain Province became well-known as a tourist

spot, the water supply was still accessible and sufficient for local residents. But, as the

number of tourists in Sagada increased, the water problem worsened and even led to the

privatization of some watershed. Pollution specifically waste creation and garbage

accumulation is another pressing concern that LGUs and tourism communities are now

facing. The construction of additional lodging facilities, food and beverage

establishments and other tourism related infrastructure contributes to the generation of

additional solid waste and sewage pollution and to the modification of the physical

landscape of some sites. This has been the case in Boracay Island in Malay, Aklan.

National and local authorities reported that the unprecedented growth in tourism, the

failure of businesses to obey environmental regulations, and the public’s disregard for the

environment had all contributed to the sorry state the island was in. In 2018, before

Boracay was shut down for rehabilitation purposes, the island was generating around 90-

13
115 tons of garbage per day when it was set-up to deal with only 30 tons. Based on the

experience of local destinations, the pollution problem worsens during peak seasons and

holidays simply because of the sheer volume of tourists coming in and out of these sites.

Puerto Princesa City Tourist Destination

Puerto Princesa, nestled in the Philippines' rich natural landscape, exemplifies the

burgeoning ecotourism scene within the country. The Puerto Princesa spans 220,000

acres, predominantly covered by lush woodlands constituting 70% of its area. Its

topography, predominantly hilly to mountainous (65%), contrasts with just 35% at lower

elevations. The region experiences a tropical monsoon climate, characterized by a brief

dry spell followed by prolonged heavy rainfall, averaging 1553 mm annually. Extreme

annual rainfall ranged from 2594 mm in 1999 to 986 mm in 1991 (Dela Cruz, et.al.,

2021). Situated on Palawan Island, recognized as the ecological frontier, Puerto Princesa

boasts the Underground River, a global natural wonder. Beyond its natural allure, the city

embraces a rich cultural heritage, nurturing cultural minorities by facilitating education,

job opportunities, and modern technologies while preserving their traditions. Notably, its

hygienic landfill sets an environmental precedent for waste management nationwide. This

city stands out as a unique gem within both the nation and the region.

This study endeavors to elevate Kayulo Falls in Puerto Princesa to a premier

tourist destination in Palawan. Aligning with the National Ecotourism Strategy (NES), it

aims to meticulously assess the site's Physical Attributes, Ecotourism Products, Social

Preparedness, Cultural Features, Ecotourism Services, Market potential, Accessibility,

and Institutional Aspects.

14
Physical Attributes

According to a study of Soaga (2022) entitled “Role of Ecotourism in Sustainable

Development”, the physical attributes of waterfall ecotourism sites hold profound

implications for the overall visitor experience, environmental conservation, and

sustainable tourism development. Firstly, these natural features, including the height,

volume, and surrounding landscape of waterfalls, play a pivotal role in their aesthetic

appeal. Preserving and showcasing these attributes significantly enhance the

attractiveness of the site, drawing visitors and tourism interest.

Moreover, understanding the physical attributes is integral to conserving the

ecological integrity of waterfall sites (Sana, Chakraborty, 2019). Factors such as the

surrounding ecosystem, biodiversity, water quality, and flow patterns are critical

components that require protection. Conservation efforts aim to safeguard these

attributes, ensuring the long-term health and resilience of the ecosystem.

Ecotourism Product

According to Emily Folk (2019). ecotourism products, such as nature-based

activities and sustainable accommodations, shape visitor experiences while fostering

connections to nature and local culture. They can support conservation efforts by

promoting responsible practices like wildlife viewing and habitat restoration.

15
Additionally, these products empower local communities economically, preserve cultural

heritage, and contribute to sustainable development by generating income and fostering

environmental stewardship.

Meanwhile, in the study of the Greentumble Organization in 2016, while

ecotourism is advantageous in many ways, it does have its drawbacks. One significant

concern is its environmental impact. Despite aiming for sustainability, ecotourism

activities can inadvertently harm ecosystems through increased visitor traffic, habitat

disturbance, waste generation, and the construction of tourist infrastructure. Additionally,

the growing popularity of ecotourism raises the risk of over-commercialization,

prioritizing profit over conservation or community welfare. This can lead to the

exploitation of natural resources and the loss of cultural authenticity as local traditions

become commodified for tourists. Socially, ecotourism can disrupt local cultures and

traditions, potentially eroding indigenous practices and creating economic disparities

within communities. Moreover, the heavy reliance on tourism as the primary income

source can render communities vulnerable to fluctuations in tourist numbers, seasonal

variations, or unforeseen events, impacting economic stability and local resource

availability. To sustain the benefits of ecotourism while mitigating its disadvantages,

responsible management, community engagement, and sustainable practices are crucial.

Social Preparedness

Ecotourism can be illustrated as nature tourism that intentionally seeks to provide

a net of positive contributions towards environmental conservation and to sustain this for

local communities’ development (Weaver & Lawton, 2007). Moreover, ecotourism has

16
been a preferable option in utilizing resources within a protected area and it is considered

as a bridge between nature conservation and rural economic development.

Neopolist theory suggests that the local community should be central to tourism

development and management, and encourage them to achieve or to formalize the system

at local level planning. Local involvement is a critical element of preparedness of

ecotourism development and the role of communities to maintain natural resources. The

preparedness of local communities can be seen by their participation. Some scholars have

created a typology of participation. However, not all of it deals directly with tourism

development (Leksakundilok, 2006).

Cultural Features

Culture relates to the way of life in each region, and traditional food is unique and

considered to be a signature of that place (Kim YG et al., 2009). Food consumption has a

broader scope and is documented as a collection of circumstantial and emerging social

norms, where food not only aids nourishment but is also a way to associate with other

people in social, cultural and political terms (Mak AHN et al., 2012). The consumption

and partaking of local food are regarded as essential to attaining information about the

local culture, geography, lifestyles and inhabitants’ health (Feldmann and Hamm., 2015).

Most tourists view the diverse culture and taste the local food that helps in stimulating

local economic growth and infrastructure development, thus raising the living standards

of the locals (Barret et al., 2015). In essence, what the tourist is interested in is the

different food culture, a factor for local development that also contributes to the

enhancement of food culture (Beserie and Teberie., 2013). The unique characteristics of

17
local food are presented according to two trends: emerging tourism attractions and the

ongoing movement of food-related behavior. Food is an integral part of travelers’

behavior that may vary according to their interest in food (Bjork et al., 2016). Local food

affects lifestyle with regard to consumer behavior and is a gateway to understanding a

destination’s cultural heritage, and traditional food culture (Kim YG., 2009) (Bjork et al.,

2016).

Cultural tourism has become one of the most important aspects of mass

marketing, and it has witnessed rapid growth (Duhme., 2012) due to the increased interest

in arts, culture and history (Liu., 2014). Advances in communication technology have

made cultural food more perceptible (Cotillon., 2013). In the past, cultural tourism

centered on cultural sites as well as historical and metropolitan cities. However, a

paradigm shift has occurred towards cultural experiences and the amalgamation of

cultural tourism with other aspects of tourism. Cultural attractions are becoming tourist

destinations (Rice., 2016). The development of cultural tourism has been able to attract

visitors to explore spectacular destinations.

Local people may take their culture for granted and it’s the tourist who explores

it, gets fascinated and enjoys the authentic experience. From the internet, a person can get

a lot of information about the heritage, culture and cuisine of some regions; however, it’s

really hard to get real sensations out of this information. In order to promote local culture,

local communities act as a means of promoting interesting and undiscovered destinations

and specialties that are worth exploring (Seaton., 2015).

18
 A study of tourist behavior suggested that when researching the lifestyle, one is

able to manage any individual profile, aspects and can predict behavior better than

demographic variables (Seaton., 2015).

Ecotourism Service

Ecotourism services within the eco-tourism industry encompass a range of

offerings that directly impact visitor experiences, conservation efforts, and community

engagement (Yusof, 2004). Nihalani (2012) carried out that these services often include

guided nature tours, wildlife excursions, eco-friendly accommodations, local cultural

experiences, and educational programs. They play a crucial role in shaping visitor

interactions with the environment, offering insightful experiences that foster a deeper

appreciation for nature and indigenous cultures. Well-designed eco-tourism services

contribute to conservation by promoting responsible tourism practices, emphasizing

environmental education, and supporting conservation initiatives. Moreover, these

services empower local communities by providing economic opportunities through

employment, entrepreneurship, and cultural exchange. They also aid in preserving

cultural heritage by showcasing traditional practices, crafts, and indigenous knowledge

(Carvache-Franco, 2022). Effective eco-tourism services are pivotal in creating a balance

between providing memorable experiences for tourists and ensuring sustainability,

conservation, and positive socio-economic impacts within the communities hosting these

ecotourism ventures

19
Market

A marketing strategy is needed for the development of the destination image,

which has a great impact on the way a destination is perceived. Furthermore, it plays a

key role in attracting tourists (‘A Toolkit for Managing and Monitoring CBT’, 2007). The

marketing should be designed in such a way that the visitor creates positive emotions and

feelings about the place (Uysal, Harril and Woo, 2011), and bonds with it. This

knowledge, whether the strategy reaches the desired market and customer, is of high

value to the destination management (Uysal, Harril and Woo, 2011). However, before the

destination can start with designing and implementing a marketing approach, several

steps need to be taken. Firstly, the destination should know its attractions and assets, the

reason why tourists should visit. In this step it is helpful to involve outsiders since they

have a more holistic and realistic point of view. Secondly, the quality of products and

experiences need to be evaluated, and providers should get encouraged and supported in

developing their services. Following, the identity, image, or brand, which represents the

destination best, is implemented into the destination image. Next, the marketing strategy

is developed, based on the generated customer profile. Lastly, the developed strategy gets

implemented and the destination is promoted via traditional or electronic techniques

(Uysal, Harril and Woo, 2011).

Accessibility

Globally, the vital role of transport in tourism cannot be contested. Transport

remains the backbone of tourism activities, connecting origins and destinations across the

globe and within specific tourism destinations (Hall, 1999; Page & Ge, 2010). Page & Ge

20
(2010) claims that transport and tourism have a symbiotic and co-dependent relationship

in which one cannot exist without the other. Following this argument means that transport

is a prerequisite for travel, and travel is a prerequisite for transport. The first statement

holds if ‘transport’ does not exclusively refer to vehicular transport modes but also

includes active transport modes like walking (e.g., Ram & Hall, 2018). However, the

second statement becomes contentious, especially when taken in the context of tourism.

Although tourists comprise a substantial market segment, it is only one of the many

segments served by a destination’s transport system (Lohmann & Duval, 2014).

Transport can exist even without tourist travel demand. Thus, tourist travel is not

necessarily a precondition for transport. For this reason, Lumsdon & Page (2004) asserts

that transport and tourism have, in fact, an asymmetrical relationship.

Many of these studies from developed countries have highlighted the dominance

of car use among tourists, especially in rural destinations, because of its flexibility (e.g.,

Dickinson & Dickinson, 2006; Page & Ge, 2010; Weston & Davies, 2007). The

propensity of tourists for car use has raised sustainability concerns. Recognizing that

transport is a significant contributor to emissions in tourism (Lenzen et al., 2018),

scholars turned to sustainable transport and mobility as a pathway to sustainable tourism

(e.g., Lumsdon & Peeters, 2009; Lund-Durlacher & Dimanche, 2013) and investigated

the determinants of tourists’ use and non-use of public transport. While non-motorized

transport (NMT), such as walking and cycling, and public transport are both recognized

as sustainable transport alternatives to a private car, public transport is cited as the more

flexible option (Le-Klähn & Hall, 2015). Public transport can move a large group of

people and can access farther places, while Neural machine translation (NMT) can be

21
constrained not only by the type of tourism activities (e.g., those that require hauling

sports equipment) and personal concerns (e.g., safety, fitness) but also by the

characteristics of the destination (e.g., terrain, the distance of attractions) (Le-Klähn &

Hall, 2015). Indeed, the morphology of a destination (e.g., urban, rural, mountainous,

archipelagic, islands) and the spatiality of tourism attractions (e.g., concentration,

distance, setting) can limit transport options and consequently shape tourists’ transport

choices (Lohmann & Duval, 2014).

Institutional Aspect

The institutional aspect stands as a cornerstone in the realm of community-based

ecotourism, orchestrating vital frameworks and mechanisms crucial for its success and

sustainability. Institutions, encompassing local governments, regulatory bodies, non-

governmental organizations (NGOs), and community associations, wield considerable

influence in shaping policies, setting guidelines, and orchestrating collaborative efforts

essential for ecotourism initiatives (Honey, 1999). These entities forge partnerships,

fostering cohesion between various stakeholders and ensuring that ecotourism projects

adhere to sustainable practices while aligning with conservation objectives and

community welfare. Through capacity-building initiatives and educational programs,

institutions empower local residents, enabling them to actively engage in and benefit

from tourism activities (Apriyanti, 2021). Moreover, robust institutional frameworks

ensure the responsible management of ecological and socio-cultural aspects, striving to

strike a harmonious balance between promoting tourism growth and preserving the

22
pristine natural and cultural heritage (Fennel, 2003). Ultimately, the institutional aspect

serves as the linchpin in nurturing community-based ecotourism, advocating for

governance, sustainability, and equitable benefits that enrich both the local populace and

the environment (Wood, 2020 & Chia, 2021).

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

POTENTIAL CBT SITE

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF
CRITERIA FOR SELECTING OF
THE RESPONDENTS PRIORITY ECOTOURISM SITE

Physical Attributes
Age.
Ecotourism Products
Sex.
Social Preparedness
Length of Residency.
Cultural Features
Purok Address; and
Ecotourism Services
Position in Barangay
Market
KAYULO FALLS IN Accessibility
BARANGAY BAHILE
Institutional Aspect

23
 Figure 1. Independent Variable and Dependent Variable

The above figure shows the independent and dependent variables. The

independent variable is the demographic profile of the residents such as, age, sex, length

of residency, purok address and position in the barangay and the Kayulo Falls while the

dependent variable is criteria the for selecting of priority Ecotourism Site; Physical

Attributes, Ecotourism Products, Social Preparedness, Cultural Features, Ecotourism

Services, Market, Accessibility, and Institutional Aspect.

Assumption

The researchers assumed that Kayulo Falls has a potential to become a

community-based tourism site in terms of Physical Attributes, Ecotourism Products,

Social Preparedness, Cultural Features, Ecotourism Services, Market, Accessibility, and

Institutional Aspect.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined theoretically and operationally for better and

clearer understanding of the study:

Assessment. Refers to the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of various elements

related to a Kayulo falls as Potential Eco tourism site, or initiative aimed at sustainable

tourism practices. This assessment encompasses the physical attributes, eco-tourism

products, social preparedness, cultural features, ecotourism services, market, accessibility

24
and institutional aspect relevant to the development and management of ecotourism

activities.

Bgy. Bahile. Is one of the 66 Barangay in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan located at the

northern part of the city. It is approximately 45 minutes away from the city town where

we can find the Kayulo falls.

Community-Based Tourism. Involves local communities actively participating in and

benefiting from tourism initiatives, emphasizing their engagement in decision-making

and the sustainable management of cultural and natural resources.

Accessibility. (in ecotourism) refers to the ease and convenience with which

tourists can reach and explore destinations while considering sustainable

transportation options. It involves the availability and suitability of various

transport modes, including public transport and non-motorized options like

walking or cycling, to connect tourists with ecotourism sites.

Cultural feature. refers to the integration of ecological and cultural elements to

offer tourists a holistic and enriching experience. This approach emphasizes

aligning tourists' ecological and cultural expectations, valuing the harmony

between nature and human activities.

Ecotourism. Refers to as a form of nature-based tourism that intentionally aims

to generate positive contributions to environmental conservation while

simultaneously supporting the socio-economic development of local communities.

Ecotourism Products. Refers to a range of offerings and experiences that

connect visitors to nature, local culture, and communities. These products include

25
 nature-based activities, sustainable accommodations, and tours designed to

immerse tourists in environmentally conscious experiences

Ecotourism Services. Refers to a diverse array of offerings that profoundly

influence visitors' experiences while directly contributing to conservation efforts

and community engagement within the eco-tourism industry.

Institutional Aspect. Refers to the foundational structures and collaborative

frameworks established by diverse entities, including local governments,

regulatory bodies, NGOs, and community associations.

Market. Refers to the targeted visitors and strategies devised to attract tourists to

a destination while shaping their perceptions.

Physical Attributes. (in the context of waterfall ecotourism sites) refers to the

natural features and characteristics that profoundly impact visitor experiences and

environmental sustainability.

Social Preparedness. (in the context of ecotourism) refers to the readiness and

active involvement of local communities in the planning, development, and

management of tourism initiatives within their region.

Kayulo Falls. A waterfall located at Bgy. Bahile, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan.

Approximately 30 kilometers away from the city proper.

Potential. Refers to the inherent or perceived capacity of a destination, site, or region to

attract tourists, preserve natural resources, and support sustainable tourism development.

It signifies the untapped possibilities or opportunities that a location holds for ecotourism

activities, encompassing its unique natural features, cultural heritage, and the ability to

offer engaging and responsible tourism experiences.

26
27
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discussed the study’s research methodology. Among the subjects

covered are the research design, research locale, the instrument used for data collection,

the population and sampling procedure, the data collection technique, and the statistical

treatment used to test the proposed hypotheses and evaluate the results.

Research Design

The researchers used quantitative method to examine whether Kayulo Falls has

the potential to become Community-Based Tourism Site in terms of, Physical Attributes,

Ecotourism Products, Social Preparedness, Cultural Features, Ecotourism Services,

Market, Accessibility, and Institutional Aspect. The researchers collected data through

various methods such as checklist questionnaire, standardized questionnaire containing

two parts (demographic profile and criteria for selection), interview, existing data sources

and Slovin’s formula for statistical analysis.

28
Research Locale

This study was conducted in Barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan. As

the Kayulo Falls are in Barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, the respondents

for this study were members of the local community.

Figure 2. Map of Barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan

Bahile is one of the 66 Barangay in Puerto Princesa located at the northern part of

the city. It is approximately 45 minutes away from the city town.

Research Instrument

The researchers used a checklist questionnaire designed as a decision-making

tool, primarily for the regional-level implementing body of the National Ecotourism

Strategy (NES), the Regional Ecotourism Committees. The questionnaire is consisted of

the following parts: part I, the demographic profile of the respondents that will focus only
29
on Age, Sex, Length of Residency, Purok Address and Position in Barangay; part II,

criteria for selecting of priority Ecotourism Site in terms of; Physical Attributes,

Ecotourism Products, Social Preparedness, Cultural Features, Ecotourism Services,

Market, Accessibility, and Institutional Aspect.

Population and Sampling Procedure

The population of Barangay Bahile in Puerto Princesa is 2,667 residents. In this

study, researchers employed convenience sampling to select a subset of participants from

this population. This method was chosen for its ease and accessibility in data collection,

focusing on individuals who were easily reachable or readily accessible, offering a quick

and cost-effective approach, particularly when faced with constraints in time and

resources. The researchers gathered 305 samples, which accounts for approximately

11.43% of the total population.

30
 Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers created Researchers

Approval of the
checklist questionnaire reflected the ethical
questionnaires from
based on the adapted set considerations
the Chairman of the
of criteria of National through the letter of
panel and its
Ecotourism Strategy & informed consent.
members.
Action Plan

The researchers
analyzed the data
collected and kept The survey
the respondent’s questionnaires were
information distributed to the
confidential and respondents
were only used for
the purpose of the
study.

Figure 3. Data Gathering Flowchart

The researchers created a checklist questionnaire based on the adapted set of

criteria from the National Ecotourism Strategy & Action Plan. The researchers waited for

the approval of the questionnaires from the Chairman of the panel and its members. Then,

researchers reflected the considerations through the letter of informed consent. After that,

the survey questionnaires were distributed to the respondents. Last, the researchers

analyzed the collected data and ensured the confidentiality of respondent information,

using it only for the purposes of the study.

31
Statistical Treatment

Various statistical methods used to include weighted mean, frequency

distribution, and percentage, to interpret the data collected from the participants. The

profile of the participants will be evaluated using the frequency distribution and

percentage, whereas the other factors evaluated using the weighted mean.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution

% = Percent

f = Frequency

N = Number of cases

32
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter deals with the data analysis, interpretation and discussion of the

problems evolved in the study. The study mainly assessed Kayulo Falls as a Potential

Community-Based Tourism Site in Barangay Bahile Puerto Princesa City, the researchers

interviewed 305 locals in barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City.

Demographic Profile of the Respondents

The socio-demographic description of respondents in this study presents an

inclusive representation of the primary variables determining perceptual assessment by

tour operators and tourists on Kayulo Falls’ potential status as a community based

ecotourism site for Puerto Princesa City. Table 1.1 focuses on the age breakdown - with a

significant proportion of respondents belonging to the age group between 29 and 35 years

old. These insights, in line with Uysal et al.’s research (2017), apply recommendations

for custom-fit site construction and promotion tactics to suit various age preferences that

would lead the way for adventurous activities or peaceful places. Furthermore, Table 1.2,

the balanced representation of gender groups among 305 respondents corresponds

inclusivity in points of view and facilitates creation of amenities amd services attractive

to both men and women. Moreover, Tables 1.3 and 1.4 reveal the length of residency as

well as purok addresses that pinpoint on contacting long-term residents within

community-based ecotourism attempts. The prolonged residence of the 94.43%

respondents above three years further highlights their deep-rooted community

connection, which is a valuable resource for sustain sites management. Secondly, the

32
spread over several puroks enables one to understand how things are seen from a local

perspective which is in line with discussed by Honey (1999) on tapping into knowledge

of locals for immersive and culturally oriented visitors’ deeds. Finally, Table 1.5 shows a

marginal presence of respondents holding local offices highlighting the need for strong

framework institutions to encourage community involvement and promote sustainable

ecotourism practices. This socio-demographic analysis provides the basis for Kayulo

Falls holistic development and sustainability as a community-centric ecotourism

destination.

Table 1.1 Distribution of respondents according to Age n = 305

Age Frequency Percentage (%)

19-28 105 34.43

29-38 91 29.84

39-48 54 17.70

49-58 32 10.49

59-68 18 5.90

69-78 5 1.64

Total 305 100

The table1.1 presents a comprehensive breakdown respondents categorized by

age, reflecting a total sample size of 305 individuals. notably, the largest contingent

among respondents falls within the 19-28 age bracket, comprising 105 individuals and

33
representing around 34.43% of the total surveyed. Following closely, the 29-38 age group

includes 91 respondents, accounting for approximately 29.84% of the sample. As the age

ranges progress, the number of respondents decreases gradually: 54 individuals (17.70%)

fall within the 39-48 age category, followed by 32 (10.49%) in the 49-58 range, 18

(5.90%) in the 59-68 group, and the smallest cohort being individuals aged 69 to 78,

consisting of 5 respondents, equivalent to about 1.64% of the total surveyed. This

breakdown highlights a predominant presence of younger individuals in the surveyed

population, with a gradual decline in representation as the age groups advance, outlining

a demographic distribution aligned with the specified sample size of 305 respondents. It

simply implies that the assessment of Kayulo Falls as a potential ecotourism site in

Puerto Princesa City gains significant insights from the age distribution of respondents.

This demographic breakdown of potential visitors is in line with the study of Uysal,

Harril and Woo, 2011, reflecting varied age brackets from 19 to 78 years old, holds

substantial implications for the development and marketing strategies of the site.

Understanding the dominant age groups among respondents’ aids in tailoring the site's

offerings to cater to diverse preferences and interests. For instance, if a majority of

respondents fall within younger age brackets, there might be a stronger inclination

towards adventurous activities or interactive experiences, necessitating the inclusion of

such offerings in the site's development plan. Conversely, a larger representation of older

individuals might signify a demand for more relaxed, serene experiences, prompting the

need for amenities focusing on comfort and accessibility. Moreover, Uysal, Harril and

Woo (2011), this demographic insight assists in crafting targeted marketing strategies,

34
segmenting the potential market for Kayulo Falls based on age-related preferences and

spending behaviors.

35
Table 1.2 Distribution of respondents according to Sex n =305

Sex Frequency Percentage (%)

Male 149 48.85

Female 156 51.15

Total 305 100

The table 1.2 illustrates the distribution of respondents categorized by sex,

encompassing a total sample size of 305 individuals. The data demonstrates a relatively

balanced representation between males and females within the surveyed population.

Among the total respondents, 149 individuals are male, constituting approximately

48.85% of the sample, while 156 individuals are female, representing around 51.15%.

This near-equal distribution indicates a balanced gender ratio within the surveyed group.

The total count aligns with the specified sample size of 305 individuals, affirming the

accuracy and completeness of the data. Such gender parity among respondents could

imply a comprehensive and inclusive representation in the survey results, suggesting that

perspectives from both genders contribute equally to the dataset's composition and

potential insights drawn from the analysis. The near-equal representation of males and

females among the surveyed population, comprising 305 individuals, suggests a balanced

interest and potential visitation from both genders to the eco-touristic site. This parity in

gender distribution is crucial for various aspects of site development and management. It

implies the need for inclusive offerings and amenities that cater to diverse preferences

and needs of both male and female visitors. This includes considerations for facilities,

activities, safety measures, and informational services that align with the expectations

and interests of all genders (Nihalani., 2012). Furthermore, a balanced gender

35
representation signifies an opportunity for tailored marketing strategies that resonate with

the interests of both demographics, potentially broadening the site's appeal and attracting

a wider range of visitors. Creating an inclusive and welcoming environment that caters to

the interests of all genders will likely contribute to the sustainability and success of

Kayulo Falls as an ecotourism destination in Puerto Princesa City.

Table 1.3 Distribution of respondents according to Length of Residency N=305

Length of Residency Frequency Percentage (%)

0 to 0.5 year 2 0.66

0.51 to 1 year 3 0.98

1.1 year to 3 years 12 3.93

More than 3 years 288 94.43

Total 305 100

As table 1.3 showed the distribution of respondents based on their length of

residency, encompassing a total of 305 individuals surveyed. Most respondents, a

substantial 94.43% (288 individuals), have resided in their current location for more than

three years. This extended duration of residency suggests a strong representation of long-

term residents within the surveyed population. Conversely, smaller portions of

respondents have shorter lengths of residency: 3.93% (12 individuals) have lived in their

current location between 1.1 years to 3 years, while an even smaller fraction, less than

1%, comprises individuals who have lived there for 0 to 1 year. It implies that, the

distribution of respondents based on their length of residency, particularly with a vast

majority (94.43%) having lived in their current location for more than three years, holds
36
significant implications for evaluating Kayulo Falls as a community-based ecotourism

site in Puerto Princesa City. This substantial presence of long-term residents signifies a

community deeply entrenched in the area, likely possessing extensive local knowledge,

cultural connections, and a vested interest in the region's sustainable development.

Leveraging this long-standing community attachment becomes pivotal for establishing

Kayulo Falls as a community-centric ecotourism destination. Engaging these residents in

the planning, decision-making, and management of the site not only acknowledges their

expertise and contributions but also fosters a sense of ownership and pride in the

conservation and promotion of the falls. Collaborative efforts involving local residents

can facilitate the preservation of cultural heritage, sustainable environmental practices,

and authentic experiences, thereby enhancing the site's attractiveness as an ecotourism

destination while ensuring community participation and benefit sharing. Understanding

and integrating the perspectives and experiences of these long-term residents are key

elements in positioning Kayulo Falls as a sustainable and community-driven ecotourism

site in Puerto Princesa City.

Table 1.4 Distribution of respondents according to Purok Address n = 305

Purok Address Frequency Percentage (%)

37
 Purok Masikap 38 12.46

Purok Bagong Sikat 38 12.46

Purok Pinagpla 38 12.46

Purok Umalayan 38 12.46

Purok Pagkakaisa 38 12.46

Purok Ilonggo 38 12.46

Purok Pag -Asa 38 12.46

Purok Matahimik 39 12.78

Total 305 100

Table 1.4 presented the eight (8) purok addresses of the respondents. seven (7) out

of eight puroks has 38 respondents each and only one (1) purok has 39 respondents, with

a percentage of 12.46 and 12. 78 respectively. Understanding the implication of residency

patterns at Kayulo Falls holds immense importance in shaping its development and

sustainability as an ecotourism destination. According to study of Honey, (1999) This

demographic's extensive local knowledge, cultural connections, and commitment to the

region's well-being are invaluable assets in the site's management and conservation

efforts. Leveraging their expertise can contribute to the development of immersive,

culturally rich experiences that resonate with visitors while preserving the site's

ecological integrity. Additionally, engaging long-term residents in decision-making

processes fosters a sense of stewardship, ensuring sustainable practices and authentic

representation of local heritage. Recognizing the perspectives and needs of these

residents is paramount in cultivating a harmonious relationship between tourism

development and community interests, creating a mutually beneficial environment where

38
Kayulo Falls thrives as an ecotourism site while enriching the lives and livelihoods of the

residents (Li., 2000).

Table 1.5 Distribution of respondents according to local Positions n = 305

Local Position Frequency Percentage (%)

Barangay official 3 0.98

Purok Official 2 0.66

None 300 98.36

Total 305 100

Table 1.5 shown that there were three or (0.98%) were barangay officials, Two or

(0.66%) of them were Purok official and majority of the respondents or 300 out of 305

( 98.36 %) do not have any local positions in their barangay. These entities forge

partnerships, fostering cohesion between various stakeholders and ensuring that

ecotourism projects adhere to sustainable practices while aligning with conservation

objectives and community welfare. Through capacity-building initiatives and educational

programs, institutions empower local residents, enabling them to actively engage in and

benefit from tourism activities (Apriyanti, 2021). Moreover, robust institutional

frameworks ensure the responsible management of ecological and socio-cultural aspects,

striving to strike a harmonious balance between promoting tourism growth and

preserving the pristine natural and cultural heritage (Fennel, 2003). Ultimately, the

institutional aspect serves as the linchpin in nurturing community-based ecotourism,

39
advocating for governance, sustainability, and equitable benefits that enrich both the local

populace and the environment (Wood, 2020 & Chia, 2021).

Table 2.1 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Physical attributes as a Potential Community-

Based Tourism Site n = 305
YES NO Remarks
TOTAL
Indicators
Freq P (%) Freq P (%) (Points)*

1. Do you think Kayulo Falls

301 98.69 4 1.31 10
fresh water has an ecotourism
value?
2. Do you think that Kayulo
295 96.72 10 3.28 10
Falls has its scenic
attraction/geologic formation?
3. Do you think that Kayulo 300 98.36 5 1.64 10
305
Falls is unique?
4. Do you think Kayulo falls
should receive a
recognition/awards/legal
291 95.41 14 4.59 10
protection (UNESCO World
Heritage sites, Ramsar sites,
ASEAN Heritage Park,
NIPAS, Critical Habitat, etc.)
MEAN 297 97.30 8 2.70

*Note: see NESAP Criteria for the selection of priority ecotourism sites

As shown in the table 2.1 on the average, 297 out of 305 or 97.30% has a positive

assessment in terms of Physical attributes of Kayulo Falls, it could imply that the natural

beauty, landscape, accessibility, cleanliness, or other physical elements of the falls are

highly appealing and meet or exceed the expectations of those who visited or were

surveyed about the site. This exceptional satisfaction rate bodes well for Kayulo Falls as

an ecotourism destination, indicating its potential to attract and retain visitors due to its

impressive physical attributes. It underscores the significance of preserving and

enhancing these positive features to sustain the site's allure and reputation among tourists

40
and further solidify its status as a preferred natural attraction in the Puerto Princesa City

area. According to a study of Soaga (2022) entitled “Role of Ecotourism in Sustainable

Development”, the physical attributes of waterfall ecotourism sites hold profound

implications for the overall visitor experience, environmental conservation, and

sustainable tourism development. Firstly, these natural features, including the height,

volume, and surrounding landscape of waterfalls, play a pivotal role in their aesthetic

appeal. Preserving and showcasing these attributes significantly enhance the

attractiveness of the site, drawing visitors and tourism interest.

Moreover, understanding the physical attributes is integral to conserving the

ecological integrity of waterfall sites (Sana, Chakraborty, 2019). Factors such as the

surrounding ecosystem, biodiversity, water quality, and flow patterns are critical

components that require protection. Conservation efforts aim to safeguard these

attributes, ensuring the long-term health and resilience of the ecosystem.

Eco tourism Products

41
Table 2.2.1 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Ecotourism Products as a Potential
Community-Based Tourism Site n = 305
Availability of Remarks

existing Points*
Frequency Percentage (%) Mode
ecotourism

Products

More than 5 10 3.28

4-5 13 4.26

2–3 89 29.18 1 1

1 193 63.28

Total 305 100.00

*Note: see NESAP Criteria for the selection of priority ecotourism sites

Table 2.2.1 provided data delineates the distribution of existing ecotourism

products based on their availability. It reveals a nuanced landscape within ecotourism

offerings. Remarkably, the predominant category comprises singular ecotourism

products, accounting for an overwhelming majority at approximately 63.28% with a

count of 193 instances. Contrarily, the categories representing a higher number of

ecotourism products—ranging from 4 - 5 and more than 5—display notably lower

frequencies, with 13 instances (4.26%) and 10 instances (3.28%) respectively. The

middle range of 2 - 3 products occupy a significant portion at 29.18%, signifying a

moderate prevalence of multiple ecotourism offerings, it implies that the predominance of

singular ecotourism products presents an opportunity for Kayulo Falls, a community-

based ecotourism initiative, to diversify its offerings. Currently characterized by

standalone experiences, Kayulo Falls could benefit from developing bundled packages

that encompass various ecotourism activities. By expanding its range of offerings, the
42
initiative can appeal to a broader spectrum of visitors seeking diverse experiences,

potentially fostering deeper engagement with the community and the natural

surroundings. This diversification could lead to increased visitor expenditure, stimulate

local economic growth, and create collaborative opportunities among local businesses,

enhancing community involvement. However, this growth should be carefully managed

to ensure it aligns with sustainability goals, preserving the environment and the

community's cultural integrity while promoting responsible tourism practices, because

according to the study of Greentumble Organization in 2016, while Ecotourism is

advantageous in many ways, does have its drawbacks. One significant concern is its

environmental impact. Despite aiming for sustainability, ecotourism activities can

inadvertently harm ecosystems through increased visitor traffic, habitat disturbance,

waste generation, and the construction of tourist infrastructure. Additionally, the growing

popularity of ecotourism raises the risk of over-commercialization, prioritizing profit

over conservation or community welfare. This can lead to the exploitation of natural

resources and the loss of cultural authenticity as local traditions become commodified for

tourists. Socially, ecotourism can disrupt local cultures and traditions, potentially eroding

indigenous practices and creating economic disparities within communities. Moreover,

the heavy reliance on tourism as the primary income source can render communities

vulnerable to fluctuations in tourist numbers, seasonal variations, or unforeseen events,

impacting economic stability and local resource availability. To sustain the benefits of

ecotourism while mitigating its disadvantages, responsible management, community

engagement, and sustainable practices are crucial.

43
Table 2.2.2 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Ecotourism Activities as a Potential

Community-Based Tourism Site n=305

Potential
Remarks
ecotourism Frequency Percentage (%) MODE
Points*
activities

More than 5 190 62.30

4–5 93 30.49 More Than

5
2–3 17 5.57 5

1 5 1.64

Total 305 100

*Note: see NESAP Criteria for the selection of priority ecotourism sites

Table 2.2.2 reveals how different ecotourism places offer various activities for

visitors. The majority, around 62.30% of these places, offer more than five activities,

providing a wide range of things to do, like exploring nature, wildlife tours, and other

diverse experiences. Following closely behind, about 30.49% of these spots offer about

four to five activities, giving visitors a good variety of options but not as many as the first

group. A smaller percentage, approximately 5.57%, provide only two to three activities,

offering a bit less choice but still a few different experiences. Lastly, a very small

number, just 1.64%, offer only one activity, limiting the variety compared to other spots.

In general, most ecotourism places offer a lot of different things to do, giving visitors

diverse and rich experiences, while fewer places offer moderate options, and very few

provide limited or singular experiences. According to Emily Folk (2019) ecotourism

products, such as nature-based activities and sustainable accommodations, shape visitor

experiences while fostering connections to nature and local culture. They can support
44
conservation efforts by promoting responsible practices like wildlife viewing and habitat

restoration. Additionally, these products empower local communities economically,

preserve cultural heritage, and contribute to sustainable development by generating

income and fostering environmental stewardship.

Table 2.3 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Social Preparedness as a Potential

Community-Based Tourism Site n = 305

YES NO Remarks
Indicators TOTAL
Freq P (%) Freq P (%) (Points)*

1. Is there a presence of

registered people’s
0 0 305 100 0
organization in Kayulo

Falls? 348

2. Is there a registered

civil society organization 0 0 305 100 0

in Kayulo Falls?

MEAN 0 0 305 100 0

*Note: see NESAP Criteria for the selection of priority ecotourism sites

As shown in the table 2.3, there is no of registered people’s organization or civil

society organization in Kayulo Falls, however there are some organizations that can be

seen within the area of kayulo falls but their main focus is not on the preservation of the

said falls, This implies a potential gap or lack of dedicated efforts from formalized

organizations solely focused on preserving the natural heritage and ecological

significance of Kayulo Falls. It could indicate a need for more dedicated conservation-
45
oriented groups or partnerships that prioritize the sustainable management and protection

of this natural attraction within the region. Without organizations specifically centered on

the preservation of Kayulo Falls, there might be limited coordinated efforts towards its

long-term conservation and sustainable development, parallel to that result is the

Neopolist theory. It suggests that the local community should be central to tourism

development and management, and encourage them to achieve or to formalize the system

at local level planning. Local involvement is a critical element of preparedness of

ecotourism development and the role of communities to maintain natural resources. The

preparedness of local communities can be seen by their participation. Some scholars have

created a typology of participation. However, not all of it deals directly with tourism

development (Leksakundilok, 2006).

Table 2.4 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Cultural features as a Potential

Community-Based Tourism Site N=305

YES NO Remarks
TOTAL
Indicators
Freq P (%) Freq P (%) (Points)*

1. Do you think Kayulo 0 0 305 100 305 0

Falls has historical,

46
archaeological or cultural
sites?

2. Does Kayulo Falls has

Cultural or historical,
religious 0 0 305 100
events/traditional
(indigenous) knowledge
and practices?
MEAN 0 0 305 100

*Note: see NESAP Criteria for the selection of priority ecotourism sites

As shown in the table 2.4, (as perceived by the respondents), There is no cultural

or historical, religious events/traditional (indigenous) knowledge and practices in Kayulo

Falls.it implies that a notable absence or limited presence of cultural, historical, religious

events, and traditional indigenous knowledge and practices at Kayulo Falls. This

perception indicates that the site might not currently serve as a hub for cultural or

religious events, nor does it seem to hold significant traditional indigenous knowledge or

practices that are typically associated with heritage sites or culturally important areas, this

is true based from the study of Seaton, (2015) Local people may take their culture for

granted and it’s the tourist who explores it, gets fascinated and enjoys the authentic

experience. From the internet, a person can get a lot of information about the heritage,

culture and cuisine of some regions; however, it’s really hard to get real sensations out of

this information. In order to promote local culture, local communities act as a means of

promoting interesting and undiscovered destinations and specialties that are worth

exploring. This perceived lack of cultural and historical elements implies an opportunity

for the region to explore and showcase its local cultural heritage. By integrating and

promoting indigenous practices, historical significance, and traditional events, Kayulo

Falls could enrich the visitor experience, strengthen community engagement, and
47
potentially diversify the tourism offerings (Liu 2014). Additionally, emphasizing cultural

aspects could not only educate visitors about the local culture but also foster a deeper

appreciation for diverse traditions, contributing to the preservation and celebration of the

area's unique heritage (Rice, 2016).

Table 2.5 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Eco tourism Services as a Potential

Community-Based Tourism Site n = 305

YES NO Remarks
Indicators
TOTAL
F P (%) F P (%) (Points)*

1.Is there an available Eco guide in 305 0

Kayulo Falls? 0 0 305 100

2. Is there a presence of Tour 0 0 305 100

48
Operator in Kayulo Falls?
3.Is there a facility like information
center in Kayulo Falls? 0 0 305 100

4.Is there a signage like interpretive,

direction, and restrictive in Kayulo 0 0 305 100
Falls?
5.Are there amenities like basic
utilities/facilities like water,
electricity, and telecommunications 0 0 305 100
in Kayulo Falls?
6.Are there available
accommodation like rooms, hotels, 0 0 305 100
in-stay programs in Kayulo Falls
MEAN 0 0 305 100
*Note: see NESAP Criteria for the selection of priority ecotourism sites

As shown in the table 2.5, All of the respondents said that there are no available

eco-tourism services in Kayulo Falls, no eco-guide, no tour operators, no information

center, no signages, no amenities and no accommodations in Kayulo falls, indicating a

complete absence of the assessed amenities or services in Kayulo Falls. It implies that

absolute absence of these services and facilities, as reflected in the data, indicates a

significant lack of essential infrastructure and services within Kayulo Falls. This suggests

a substantial gap in the provision of necessary facilities and amenities crucial for tourism

and visitor experiences. The complete absence of these services, depicted consistently

across all indicators, underscores the urgent need for development and investment in

basic infrastructure and amenities to support and enhance the tourism potential of Kayulo

Falls.

According to the study of Nihalani (2012), these services often include guided

nature tours, wildlife excursions, eco-friendly accommodations, local cultural

experiences, and educational programs. They play a crucial role in shaping visitor

interactions with the environment, offering insightful experiences that foster a deeper

49
appreciation for nature and indigenous cultures. Well-designed eco-tourism services

contribute to conservation by promoting responsible tourism practices, emphasizing

environmental education, and supporting conservation initiatives. Moreover, these

services empower local communities by providing economic opportunities through

employment, entrepreneurship, and cultural exchange. They also aid in preserving

cultural heritage by showcasing traditional practices, crafts, and indigenous knowledge

(Carvache-Franco, 2022). Effective eco-tourism services are pivotal in creating a balance

between providing memorable experiences for tourists and ensuring sustainability,

conservation, and positive socio-economic impacts within the communities hosting these

ecotourism venture.

Table 2.6 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Market as a Potential Community-Based

Tourism Site n = 305

Number of Remarks

Tourist/s Frequency Percentage (%) Mode Points*

(per Month)

50
 More than 100 5 1.64

Below 100 289 94.75 Below 100 2

0 11 3.61

Total 305 100 2

Note: see NESAP Criteria for the selection of priority ecotourism sites

Table 2.6 shown that 94.75% or 289 out of 305 respondents said that tourist

visited in a month in Kayulo falls is below 100, while only 5 or 1.64% of the total

respondents said that tourist is more than 100 visited in a month, and 11 respondents or

3.61% said that there is no tourist within a month, It implies that Kayulo Falls generally

sees a moderate level of monthly tourism, with most months recording fewer than 100

visitors. This consistent trend indicates a usual pattern of moderate tourist activity at the

site. However, occasionally, there are months where visitor numbers exceed 100 or, in

rare instances, where no tourists visit at all. This variability in monthly tourist counts

highlights unpredictability in visitor patterns. Understanding these variations can guide

marketing strategies and development plans, enabling adaptive approaches to

accommodate varying visitor numbers at Kayulo Falls. A marketing strategy is needed

for the development of the destination image, which has a great impact on the way a

destination is perceived. Furthermore, it plays a key role in attracting tourists (‘A Toolkit

for Managing and Monitoring CBT’, 2007). The marketing should be designed in such a

way that the visitor creates positive emotions and feelings about the place (Uysal, Harril

and Woo, 2011), and bonds with it. This knowledge, whether the strategy reaches the

desired market and customer, is of high value to the destination management (Uysal,

Harril and Woo, 2011). However, before the destination can start with designing and

implementing a marketing approach, several steps need to be taken. Firstly, the

51
destination should know its attractions and assets, the reason why tourists should visit. In

this step it is helpful to involve outsiders since they have a more holistic and realistic

point of view. Secondly, the quality of products and experiences need to be evaluated,

and providers should get encouraged and supported in developing their services.

Following, the identity, image, or brand, which represents the destination best, is

implemented into the destination image.

Table 2.7 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Accessibility as a Potential Community-Based

Tourism Site n= 305

Percentage Remarks
Accessibility Frequency Mode
(%) Points*
Available
95.08
Means of 290
Available 2
Transportation None
4.92
15

52
 0 to 3 hrs
97.36
297
Travel Time 0 to 3 hrs 1
4 or more hours
2.64
8
0 to 30 kms
100
Distance to City 305
0 to 30 kms 1
Proper More than 30kms
0
0
Available
97.36
Availability of 297
Available 1
transport None
2.64
8
Note: see NESAP Criteria for the selection of priority ecotourism sites
Table 2.7 shown, 290 out of 305 or 95.08% said that there is an available means

of transportation to access Kayulo Falls, the travel time is less than 3 hours based from

297 or 97.36% of the respondents. The distance of Kayulo falls from city proper is less

than 30 kms, Lastly, 297 or 97.36% of the respondents said that there is an available

transport to access the Kayulo Falls. It simply means that as perceived by majority of the

respondents, Kayulo falls has a high possibility to access, Furthermore, Transport

remains the backbone of tourism activities, connecting origins and destinations across the

globe and within specific tourism destinations (Hall, 1999; Page & Ge, 2010). Page & Ge

(2010) claims that transport and tourism have a symbiotic and co-dependent relationship

in which one cannot exist without the other. Following this argument means that transport

is a prerequisite for travel, and travel is a prerequisite for transport. The first statement

holds if ‘transport’ does not exclusively refer to vehicular transport modes but also

includes active transport modes like walking (e.g., Ram & Hall, 2018). However, the

second statement becomes contentious, especially when taken in the context of tourism.

Although tourists comprise a substantial market segment, it is only one of the many

segments served by a destination’s transport system (Lohmann & Duval, 2014).

Transport can exist even without tourist travel demand. Thus, tourist travel is not

53
necessarily a precondition for transport. For this reason, Lumsdon & Page (2004) asserts

that transport and tourism have, in fact, an asymmetrical relationship.

Table 2.8 Assessment of Kayulo Falls in Eco tourism in Institutional Aspect as a

Potential Community-Based Tourism Site n = 305

YES NO Remarks
Indicators TOTAL
F P (%) F P (%) (Points)*

1 Are there policies implemented

0 0 305 100
in Kayulo Falls?

2. Is there an initiated relevant

ecotourism programs/plans in 0 0 305 100

Kayulo Falls?

3. Is there an existing waste

management program 0 0 305 100 0

305
implemented in Kayulo Falls?

4. Is there a presence of “tanod”

0 0 305 100
in the Kayulo Falls?

5. Are there security measures for

tourists like Communication

0 0 305 100
equipment i.e. Satellite phone,

two-way radio, CCTV?

MEAN 0 0 305 100

*Note: see NESAP Criteria for the selection of priority ecotourism sites

54
 Table 2.8 reveals the absence of several key elements and initiatives at Kayulo

Falls. Across all indicators—policies, ecotourism programs, waste management systems,

presence of local security personnel ("tanod"), and specific security measures for tourists

—there are zero reported instances of implementation or existence. This uniformity, with

305 instances reported as "NO" and no instances reported as "YES," signifies a lack of

structured policies, ecotourism initiatives, waste management strategies, local security

personnel, and dedicated security measures for tourists within the area. This implies the

potential gaps in the management and security infrastructure at Kayulo Falls, indicating

the need for the development and implementation of policies, programs, waste

management systems, and security measures tailored to the site's needs to enhance visitor

experiences and ensure their safety and environmental sustainability. Based on the study

of Honey (2009). The institutional aspect stands as a cornerstone in the realm of

community-based ecotourism, orchestrating vital frameworks and mechanisms crucial for

its success and sustainability. Institutions, encompassing local governments, regulatory

bodies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and community associations, wield

considerable influence in shaping policies, setting guidelines, and orchestrating

collaborative efforts essential for ecotourism initiatives. These entities forge partnerships,

fostering cohesion between various stakeholders and ensuring that ecotourism projects

adhere to sustainable practices while aligning with conservation objectives and

community welfare. Through capacity-building initiatives and educational programs,

institutions empower local residents, enabling them to actively engage in and benefit

from tourism activities. Moreover, on the study of Fennel et. Al, (2003) and Apriyanti

(2021) robust institutional frameworks ensure the responsible management of ecological

55
and socio-cultural aspects, striving to strike a harmonious balance between promoting

tourism growth and preserving the pristine natural and cultural heritage. Ultimately, the

institutional aspect serves as the linchpin in nurturing community-based ecotourism,

advocating for governance, sustainability, and equitable benefits that enrich both the local

populace and the environment (Wood, 2020 & Chia, 2021).

56
 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents, conclusions, and recommendations of the study.

Conclusion

According to the criteria for selecting a priority site that was utilized on this

study, patterned to the criteria set by the National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan,

the highest total score is 90 points, and the passing score is 63 points. Based on the total

points of the collected data, the sum of the scores in the 8 categories is only 53 points.

This indicates that the researchers reject the assumption of Kayulo Falls as a potential

Community-Based Tourism Site.

Recommendations

Based on this data that has been shown in Chapter IV, here are some

recommendations to consider for the development of Kayulo Falls as a community-based

tourism site:

Physical Attributes

Sustainable Conservation Practices: Implement strategies aimed at preserving the

natural beauty, landscape, cleanliness, and accessibility of Kayulo Falls while ensuring

ecological integrity such as Biodiversity Conservation where it implement conservation

programs to protect the surrounding ecosystem, biodiversity, and water quality,

preserving the health of the ecosystem.

57
Eco tourism Products

Diversification of Offerings: Given the current prevalence of standalone

ecotourism experiences, consider diversifying offerings by creating bundled packages

that encompass a variety of ecotourism activities. This expansion can cater to a wider

range of visitors seeking diverse experiences, fostering deeper community engagement

and showcasing the natural surroundings more comprehensively. By broadening the

range of activities, Kayulo Falls can attract different types of tourists and potentially

stimulate increased spending, benefiting local economic growth and fostering

collaboration among local businesses.

Social Preparedness

Promote Community-Led Conservation Efforts: Encourage and facilitate the

formation of local people's organizations or civil society groups specifically focused on

preserving the natural heritage and ecological significance of Kayulo Falls. Engage with

the local community to raise awareness about the importance of conservation efforts,

inviting their active participation and collaboration in preserving the site's natural beauty

and ecological integrity.

Empower Community Involvement: Encourage and support the local community

in taking a central role in the planning and management of ecotourism initiatives.

Empower them to formalize systems at the local level, enabling them to actively

participate in decision-making processes regarding the conservation and sustainable

development of Kayulo Falls. This involvement aligns with the Neopolist theory,

58
emphasizing the pivotal role of local communities in tourism development and natural

resource conservation.

Cultural Features

Promote Local Cultural Heritage: Explore and showcase the local cultural

heritage by integrating indigenous practices, historical significance, and traditional events

into the visitor experience at Kayulo Falls. Collaborate with local communities to identify

and present cultural elements such as traditional practices, historical narratives,

indigenous knowledge, or religious events that can enrich the tourism offerings.

Ecotourism Services

Urgent Infrastructure Development: Given the complete absence of eco-tourism

services such as guides, operators, information centers, signages, amenities, and

accommodations, urgent attention should be given to developing these essential facilities.

Initiate plans and investments to establish eco-guides, information centers, signages for

direction and interpretation, basic amenities like water and electricity, accommodations,

and other necessary facilities crucial for enhancing the visitor experience.

Market

Adaptive Marketing and Development: Given the variability in monthly visitor

counts ranging from below 100 to occasional spikes exceeding 100 visitors or months

with no tourists it's crucial to adopt adaptive marketing strategies and development plans.

Develop flexible approaches that can accommodate varying visitor numbers, such as

targeted marketing campaigns focused on different tourist segments, promotional

activities during peak months, and initiatives to attract visitors during low-traffic periods.
59
Accessibility

Enhance the understanding and attractiveness of the location, It could be

beneficial to conduct a detailed assessment or survey on the quality and reliability of the

available means of transportation. This could include factors such as frequency of

transport, cost, safety measures, and convenience. A comprehensive evaluation of these

aspects would not only validate the high perceived accessibility but also provide valuable

insights for potential visitors or tourists considering a trip to Kayulo Falls.

Institutional Aspect

Collaborate with local authorities, environmental agencies, and community

stakeholders to develop and implement comprehensive policies and programs for the

management and security of Kayulo Falls. Establishing ecotourism initiatives, waste

management systems, and specific security measures for tourists can significantly

enhance the site's appeal, ensure visitor safety, and contribute to the preservation of the

environment. Additionally, initiating training or capacity-building programs for local

personnel (such as "tanods" or security personnel) could be crucial in executing these

strategies effectively. This collaborative effort would not only address the identified gaps

but also foster sustainable tourism practices while safeguarding the natural beauty of

Kayulo Falls.

60
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62
APPENDICES

63
 APPENDIX A. Letter for Adviser

Republic of the Philippines

PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Hospitality and Tourism Management

November 28, 2022

MR. KRISTIAN B. ALMONTE

Professor, College of Hospitality and Tourism Management

Dear Sir,

Greetings!
We, the 3rd-year students of Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management are currently
enrolled in the course Research in tourism. We are writing to humbly ask for your
knowledge, guidance and expertise to serve as an adviser for our research entitled,
“Assessment of Kayulo Falls as a Potential Community-Based Tourism Site in
Barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City”

To give you an idea about the concept of this study, we therefore present to you the
following problems statements.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of.

a) Age
b) Sex
c) Length of Residency
d) Purok Address; and
e) Position in Barangay
2. What is the potential of Kayulo falls as a Community-Based Tourism Site in terms of.
a) Physical Attribute
b) Ecotourism Products.
c) Social Preparedness
d) Cultural features
e) Ecotourism Services
f) Market
g) Accessibility; and
64
 h) Institutional Aspect

We greatly appreciate the time and effort that you will exert upon this request. We
believe that your knowledge and insights will be valuable and will greatly enrich our
work. Thank you for your consideration and we hope you will be able to fulfill our
request.

Respectfully yours,
The Researchers,

Cortez, Jeri Bernadeth A.

Dalabajan, Princess Joeane C.
Encarnacion, Erika Ella P.
Moreno, Ruffa Mae D.
Sencillo, Romel Marc C.

Noted by:
DR. JUDY ANN V. SARAIL
Research Instructor

65
 APPENDIX B. Letter for Panels

Republic of the Philippines

PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Hospitality and Tourism Management

November 28, 2022

MS. ZHARIFA FLEVIE S. CARIM

Faculty, TM Department
College of Hospitality Management and Tourism

Dear Ma’am,

Magandang Araw, Mabuhay!

We, the third-year students of Palawan State University pursuing a degree in Bachelor of
Science in Tourism Management are currently enrolled in TPC- 5 Research in Tourism
and will propose undergraduate research entitled, “Assessment of Kayulo Falls as a
Potential Community-Based Tourism Site in Barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City”

In connection with this, we are writing to respectfully request your expertise to serve as a
member of our panel for our thesis proposal defense. We believe that your knowledge
and insights will be valuable and will greatly enrich our work. The thesis proposal
defense will be on, December 5, Monday from 9:00 to 10:00 am.

Thank you for your consideration and we hope you will be able to fulfill our request.

Respectfully yours,

The Researchers,
Cortez, Jeri Bernadeth A.
Dalabajan, Princess Joeane C.
Encarnacion, Erika Ella P.
Moreno, Ruffa Mae D.
Sencillo, Romel Marc C.

Noted by:
DR. JUDY ANN V. SARAIL
Research Instructor

66
 Republic of the Philippines
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Hospitality and Tourism Management

November 28, 2022

MR. MARTIN T. PAGADUAN JR.

Faculty, TM Department
College of Hospitality Management and Tourism

Dear Sir,

Magandang Araw, Mabuhay!

We, the third-year students of Palawan State University pursuing a degree in Bachelor of
Science in Tourism Management are currently enrolled in TPC- 5 Research in Tourism
and will propose undergraduate research entitled, “Assessment of Kayulo Falls as a
Potential Community-Based Tourism Site in Barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City”

In connection with this, we are writing to respectfully request your expertise to serve as a
member of our panel for our thesis proposal defense. We believe that your knowledge
and insights will be valuable and will greatly enrich our work. The thesis proposal
defense will be on, December 5, Monday from 9:00 to 10:00 am.

Thank you for your consideration and we hope you will be able to fulfill our request.

Respectfully yours,
The Researchers,
Cortez, Jeri Bernadeth A.
Dalabajan, Princess Joeane C.
Encarnacion, Erika Ella P.
Moreno, Ruffa Mae D.
Sencillo, Romel Marc C.

Noted by:
DR. JUDY ANN V. SARAIL
Research Instructor

67
 Republic of the Philippines
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Hospitality and Tourism Management

November 28, 2022

MS. JOVELYN G. BORRES

Faculty, TM Department
College of Hospitality Management and Tourism

Dear Ma’am,

Magandang Araw, Mabuhay!

We, the third-year students of Palawan State University pursuing a degree in Bachelor of
Science in Tourism Management are currently enrolled in TPC- 5 Research in Tourism
and will propose undergraduate research entitled, “Assessment of Kayulo Falls as a
Potential Community-Based Tourism Site in Barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City”

In connection with this, we are writing to respectfully request your expertise to serve as a
member of our panel for our thesis proposal defense. We believe that your knowledge
and insights will be valuable and will greatly enrich our work. The thesis proposal
defense will be on, December 5, Monday from 9:00 to 10:00 am.

Thank you for your consideration and we hope you will be able to fulfill our request.

Respectfully yours,
The Researchers,
Cortez, Jeri Bernadeth A.
Dalabajan, Princess Joeane C.
Encarnacion, Erika Ella P.
Moreno, Ruffa Mae D.
Sencillo, Romel Marc C.

Noted by:
DR. JUDY ANN V. SARAIL
Research Instructor

68
 APPENDIX C. Letter for Barangay
Republic of the Philippines
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Hospitality and Tourism Management

December 20, 2022

Hon. Dennis Borromeo

Punong Barangay
Barangay Bahile, City of Puerto Princesa.

Dear Hon. Borromeo:

Greetings!

We the 3rd year students from Palawan State University taking Bachelor of Science in
Tourism Management under the College of Hospitally and Tourism Management are
currently conduting research entitled “Assessment of Kayulo Falls as a Potential
Community Based-Tourism Site in Barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City”.

In line with this, we are asking permission to conduct a research survey in your Barangay
among your constituents. Rest assured that all data gathered will be treated with the
utmost confidentiality and will solely be used for the purposes of this study.

Thank you for your support, Mabuhay!

Respectfully yours,
Researchers.
Cortez, Jeri Bernadeth A.
Dalabajan, Princess Joeane C.
Encarnacion, Erika Ella P.
Moreno, Ruffa Mae D.
Sencillo, Romel Marc C.

Noted by:
DR. JUDY ANN V. SARAIL

69
Professor TPC5 – Research in Tourism

APPENDIX D. Letter for Survey Questionnaire

Dear Respondents,

Good day!

We, the students of Palawan State University taking up Bachelor of Science in Tourism
Management would like to thank you for allowing yourself to be one of our respondents in our
study, entitled “Assessment of Kayulo Falls as a Potential Community-Based Tourism Site in
Barangay Bahile Puerto Princesa City”. Rest assured that the information and input you will
provide will be used solely for research purposes and will be treated with strict confidentially.
Please don’t hesitate to ask for any clarification you wish to address. Again, thank you
very much for your valuable time and efforts!

The Researchers

Mahal na mga Respondente,

Magandang araw!

Kaming mga mag-aaral mula sa Palawan State University na kumukuha ng kursong

Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management ay lubos na nagpapasalamat sa inyong pagpayag na
magbigay ng pahayag patungkol sa aming pananaliksik na pinamagatang “Assessment of Kayulo
Falls as a Potential Community-Based Tourism Site in Barangay Bahile Puerto Princesa
City”. Kayo ay makaaasang ang impormasyong inyong ibibigay ay gagamitin lamang para sa
layunin ng pananaliksik na ito at aming ituturing nang may mahigpit na kumpidensyal.

Kung kayo man ay mayroong paglilinaw na nais malaman huwag kayong mag dalawang-
isip na magtanong. Muli, maraming salamat sa oras at pagsisikap!

Salamat, Ingat po!

Mga mananaliksik

Cortez, Jeri Bernadeth A.

Dalabajan, Princess Joeane C.
70
Encarnacion, Erika Ella P.
Moreno, Ruffa Mae D.
Sencillo, Romel Marc C.

APPENDIX E. Survey Questionnaire

Part I- Demographic Profile (please fill in the needed information or put a check (✓) )

Name (optional):__________________________
Age:_______________
Sex: _______________
Length of Residency: 0-6 months 6 months-1 year 1-3 years More
than 3 years
Purok Address:____________________________________
Position: Barangay Official Purok Official None
Part II
Instructions: Please take your analysis on the following given variables in assessing the
Kayulo Falls in Barangay Bahile, Puerto Princesa City. Put a check of your choice, to the
following category.

(Panuto): Sagutin ang mga sumusunod upang ma-analisa ang Kayulo Falls sa Barangay
Bahile, Puerto Princesa City. Lagyan ng Check (✓) ang inyong sagot)
A. PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES YE NO
S
a.1. Do you think Kayulo Falls fresh water has an ecotourism value?
(Sa iyong palagay, ang tubig tabang na mayroon sa Kayulo Falls
ba ay may halaga bilang ekoturismo?)
a.2. Do you think that Kayulo Falls has its scenic attraction/geologic
formation?
(Sa iyong palagay, ang Kayulo Falls ba ay mayroong magandang
tanawin?)
a.3. Do you think that Kayulo Falls is unique?
(Sa iyong palagay, ang Kayulo Falls ba ay katangi-tangi?)

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a.4. Does Kayulo Falls has ever received recognition/awards/legal
protection (UNESCO World Heritage sites, Ramsar sites,
ASEAN Heritage Park, NIPAS, Critical Habitat, etc.)
(Nakatanggap na ba ang Kayulo Falls ng anumang
pagkilala/award/legal na proteksyon tulad ng mga sumusunod;
UNESCO world heritage sites, Ramsar sites, ASEAN heritage
park, NIPAS, Critical habitat etc.?)

A. ECOTOURISM PRODUCT YE NO
S
b.1. Are there available ecotourism activities in Kayulo Falls? Example
ecotourism activities (wildlife viewing, hiking, bird watching, nature
photography, swimming, fishing, hunting)
(Mayroon bang mga ekoturismong aktibidad na ginagawa sa
Kayulo Falls? Halimbawang mga aktibidad sa ekoturismo;
pagmamasid sa mga buhay-ilang, pag-akyat sa bundok, panonood
ng ibon, pagkuha ng litrato ng kalikasan, paglangoy, pangingisda,
at pangangaso.)
If yes, how many. Please indicate here ___________
(Kapag yes, ilagay sa patlang kung ilan)
b.2. Are there potential Ecotourism activities in Kayulo Falls? (wildlife
viewing, hiking, bird watching, nature photography, swimming,
fishing, hunting) (Mayroon bang potensyal na aktibidad na
pwedeng gawin sa Kayulo Falls? Halimbawa; pagmamasid sa mga
buhay-ilang, pag-akyat sa bundok, panonood ng ibon, pagkuha ng
litrato ng kalikasan, paglangoy, pangingisda, at pangangaso.
B. SOCIAL PREPAREDNESS YE NO
S
c.1. Is there a presence of registered people’s organization in Kayulo
Falls? (Mayroon bang samahan o organisasyon ang Kayulo Falls?)
If yes, please specify. ____________
(Kapag Yes, ilagay sa patlang kung ano ito)
c.2. Is there a registered civil society organization in Kayulo Falls?
(Mayroon bang rehistradong samahan o organisasyon ang Kayulo
Fall?
If yes, please specify. __________________
(Kapag Yes, ilagay sa patlang kung ano ito)

C. CULTURAL FEATURES YE NO
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 S
d.1. Do you think Kayulo Falls has historical, archaeological or cultural
sites? (Sa iyong palagay, ang Kayulo Falls ba ay mayroong mga
makasaysayan pangyayari, arkeolohiko at kultural na lokasyon)
d.2. Does Kayulo Falls has Cultural or historical, religious
events/traditional (indigenous) knowledge and practices?
(Ang talon ba ng Kayulo ay may kultural o historikal, relihiyosong
mga kaganapan/tradisyonal (katutubo) kaalaman at kasanayan?)
If yes, please specify. _______________
(kapag Yes, ilagay sa patlang kung ano ito)

D. ECOTOURISM SERVICES YES NO

e.1. Is there an available ecoguide in Kayulo Falls?
(Mayroon bang “ecoguide” sa Kayulo Falls?)
e.2. Is there a presence of Tour Operator in Kayulo Falls?
(Mayroon bang tour operator sa Kayulo Falls?)
e.3. Is there a facility like information center in Kayulo Falls?
(Mayroon bang pasilidad tulad ng mapagkukunan ng impormasyon
sa Kayulo Falls?)
e.4. Is there a signage like interpretive, direction,and restrictive in
Kayulo Falls? (Mayroon bang karatula tulad ng nagbibigay
paliwanag, direksyon, at balala sa Kayulo Falls?)
e.5. Are there amenities like basic utilities/facilities like water,
electricity, and telecommunications in Kayulo Falls?
(Mayroon bang pangunahing pangangailangan tulad ng tubig,
elektrisidad at signal sa telepono sa Kayulo Falls?)
e.6. Are there available accommodation like rooms, hotels, in-stay
programs in Kayulo Falls?
(Mayroon bang maaring matuluyan malapit sa Kayulo Falls tulad
ng mga kwarto, hotel, at iba?)

E. MARKET
f.1 How many tourist visit Kayulo Falls in a month?
(Gaano karaming turista ang bumibisita sa Kayulo Falls?)
More than 100 (higit sa 100) B elow 100 (mababa sa 100)
None (wala)

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 YES NO
f.2. Is there an entrance fee or other fee in Kayulo Falls?
(Mayroon bang babayaran sa pagbisita sa Kayulo Falls?)

F. ACCESSIBILITY
g.1. What are the means of transport going to Kayulo Falls?
(Anu-ano ang mga pwedeng gamiting transportasyon papuntang Kayulo Falls?)
Motorcycle Tricycle Van Bus None
g.2. How many hour/s going to Kayulo Falls from the city proper?
(Ilang oras ang lalakbayin papuntang Kayulo Falls mula sa syudad?)
0-3 hours More than 3 hours
g.3. How far is Kayulo Falls From the City proper?
(Gaano kalayo ang Kayulo Falls mula sa syudad?)
0-30 km More than 30 km
YES NO
g.4. Is there an available transportation going to Kayulo Falls?
(Mayroon bang maaaring masakyan papuntang Kayulo Falls?)

G. INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT YES NO

h.1 Are there policies implemented in Kayulo Falls?
(Mayroon bang mga patakarang ipinatutupad sa Kayulo Falls?)
h.2. Is there an initiated relevant ecotourism programs/plans in Kayulo
Falls? (Mayroon bang mga programa at plano patungkol sa
ekoturismo sa Kayulo Falls?)
h.3. Is there an existing waste management program implemented in
Kayulo Falls? (Mayroon bang ipinatutupad na pangangasiwa sa
basura sa Kayulo Falls?)
h.4. Is there a presence of “tanod” in the Kayulo Falls?
(Mayroon bang tanod na nagbabantay sa Kayulo Falls?)
h.5. Are there security measures for tourists like Communication
equipment i.e. Satellite phone, two-way radio, CCTV?
(Mayroon bang mga kagamitan sa pangangalaga sa kaligasan ng
mga tourista sa Kayulo Falss tulad ng mga kagamitan sa
pakikipagkomunikasyon, telepono, likhang buntabay, CCTV?)

74
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