District Profile of Chitwan 2074 Book-2

tYofª\s sfof{no, lrtjg
!) d}lynL 3572 2190 1382 0=6 2 1073

!! lxlGb 2790 1799 991 0=4 8 3274
12 jf]6 ] 2012 955 1057 0=3 5 1150
!# cGo 4661 2614 2047 0=8 5729
b«i6Jo M cGo efiff cGtu{t lnDa", afGtjf, z]kf{, afª\nf, df/jf8L, rfOlgh, ysfnL, cjwL,
kGhfaL, s'dfn, dfemL, cflb efiff /x]sf 5g\ .
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#=& lhNnfsf] cfwf/e"t hg;f+lVos tyf ;fdflhs ;"rsx?sf] cj:yf
tflnsf #=!& cfwf/e"t hg;f+lVos ;"rsx?sf] cj:yf
l;=g= ljj/0f @)^* @)%*
! dlxnfsf] hg;+Vof 300897 236964
@ k'?ifsf] hg;+Vof 279087 235084
# hDdf hg;+Vof 579984 472048
$ kl/jf/ ;+Vof 132462 92863
% cf}ift kl/jf/ ;+Vof 4=38 5=08
^ n}lus cg'kft 92=8 99=21
& jflifs hg;+Vof j[l4 2=06 2=86
* hg;+Vof bf]Aa/ x'g] cjlw 34 jif{ 25
( hg3gTj k|lt j=ls=ld 261 213
!) zx/L hg;+Vof k|ltzt xfnsf g=kf 92 26=93
!! u|fld0f hg;+Vof k|ltzt uf= k= 8 73=07
!@ s'n lge{/tf cg'kft 61=53 76=02
!# afn lge{/tf cg'kft 47=63 64=2
!$ j[¢ lge{/tf cg'kft 13=90 11=9
!% &% jif{ jf dflysf] hg;+Vof 2=26 1=54
!^ ljb]lzPsf hg;+Vof 8=69 3=03
>f]t M /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*,,@)%*
tflnsf #=!* cfwf/e"t hg;f+lVos tyf ;fdflhs ;"rsx?sf] cj:yf
l;=g= ljj/0f lrtjg g]kfn
! Poverty PP overty head count ratio 2011 8=9 23=5
@ Poverty gap ratio 1=70
# GNI per capita PPP $ 2013 1,537 1,160
$ P.c. of safe drinking water 92=1 85=6
109
l;=g= ljj/0f lrtjg g]kfn

% Human productivity index 2013 24=8 31=1
^ P.c. of female employee 2011 12=90 18=37
& P.c. of child marriage 10=5 10=2
* Under 5 mortality per 1000 38=6 52=9
( Infant mortality per 1000 30=1 40=5
!) Singulate mean age at marriage years 22=8 22=1
!! Mean at first marriage years 19=28 18=95
!@ Mean age at child bearing years 26=5 26=2
!# Crude birth rate per 1000 17=1 21=8
!$ Crude death rate per 1000 7=4 7=3
!% Household per house 1=2 1=2
!^ P.c. of old aged population 2=3 1=7
>f]t M /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*
110
v08 $
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;d'bfosf] vf;} pkl:ylt lyPg . kl5 /fKtL b'g ljsf; sfo{sd| nfu' e} cf}nf] lgoGq0f ePkl5
oxf kxf8 tkm{sf dlg;x?sf] cf]O/f] nfUg yfNof] kmn:j?k lhNnfsf clwsf+z d}bfgL efudf
h+un km8fgL u/L s[lif e"ld lgdf{0f / a;f]af; ug{] sfo{n] ltj| ?k lng yfNof] . ;8s ljsf;
vf;u/L k"j{ klZrd tyf uf]/vf gf/fo0fu9 /fhdfu{sf] lgdf{0f ePkl5 of] lhNnf g]kfnsf] k|fo
;j} d'Vo ;x/;+u hf]l8of] . pj{/ e"ld, ;dy/ hldg oftfoftsf] kx'r / pBf]u Joj;fosf]
;Defjgfn] ubf{ of] lhNnf aflx/L lhNnfaf6 cfpg]x?sf] cfs{if0fsf] s]Gb| aGg k'Uof] .xfn $))
eGbf a9L u|fdL0f tyf zx/L a:tLx? /x]sf 5g\ .
;8s oftfoft / pBf]u Joj;fosf] lj:tf/sf ;fy;fy} ahf/x?sf] ljsf; x'g yfNof] . o;}
qmddf d'lUng, k;f{, /fdk'/, lutfgu/, a;Gtk'/, s;/frf]s, zf/bfgu/, rgf}nL, k;f{9fj,
kfj{tLk'/, cd[trf]s, jL/]Gb|gu/, v'/v'/,] e08f/f, zlQmvf]/, ljhogu/ cfbL u|fdL0f j:tLsf
ahf/xsf] lj:tf/ x'b} zx/ pGd'v e} gu/kflnsfx? 3f]if0ff ePsf 5g\ .
$=@ j:tLx? (Settlements)

lrtjg lhNnfsf ! ufpFkflnsf, % gu/kflnsf tyf dxfgu/kflnsf leq xfn $)) eGbf
a9L ljleGg j:tLx? /x]sf 5g\ . oL j:tLx? dWo] s]xL k'/fgf j:tLx? 5g\ eg] s]xL kl5
:yfkgf ePsf gof+ j:tLx? /x]sf 5g\ . o; lhNnfsf] k'/fgf cflbjf;L j:tLx? Psflt/ qmlds
?kdf ljsl;t eO{/x]sf 5g\ eg] csf]l{ t/ o; lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns l;dfgf tyf gof+ cj;/x?
-h:t}M /fhdfu{ sf] lgdf{0f tyf lj:tf/, gof+ pBf]usf] :yfkgf, :jf:Yo ;]jfsf k"jf{ef/, SofDk;
tyf sn]hx?sf] :yfkgf cflb_ sf] sf/0fn] gof+ j:tLx?sf] ljsf; eO{ /x]sf] 5 .
lhNnfsf] s]xL 7fpdf ;'sD' af;L a:tL klg /x]sf] 5 . h:t} df8Lsf] afb/em'nf, e/tk'/sf]
cfk6f/L, u0f]zyfg / /fdgu/, sflnsf, /fKtL, lgs'~hsf] j/k/, jgh+unsf] 5]p5fp vfnL
;fj{hlgs uf}r/g, /Tggu/, efË3f/L, u}/LufpF, ;'Gb/gu/, vu]/L vf]nf 5]p af9L k|efljt If]q cfbL .
$=# a:tL ljsf;sf] :j?k a:tL >[vnf

lhNnfsf] 7"nf] ahf/ ;b/d'sfddf /x]sf] gf/fou9 ahf/ xf] . oftfoftsf] dWoljGb' ePsfn]
klg of] ahf/df rxnkxn lgs} x'g] ub{5 . oxfsf clwsf+z 3/x? kSsL 5g\ . lhNnf leq
111
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tflnsf $=! lhNnfsf k|d'v ahf/s]Gb|x?
qm=;+= ahf/ s]Gb|x? ufpFkflnsf÷gkfsf]] gfd
! d'UnLg OR5fsfdgf
@ k;f{ v}/xgL
# /fdk'/ e/tk'/
$ uLtfgu/ e/tk'/
% a;Gtk'/ df8L
^ s;/frf]s e/tk'/
& zf/bfgu/ e/tk'/
* rgf}nL e/tk'/
( k;f{9fk e/tk'/
!) nf]y/ /fKtL
!! kfj{tLk'/ e/tk'/
!@ ;f}/fxf /Tggu/
!# jL/]Gb|gu/ /fKtL
!$ v'/v'/] /fKtL
!% h'u8] L e/tk'/
!^ e08f/f /fKtL
!& zlQmvf]/ sflnsf
!* 6f+8L /Tggu/
!( gf/fo0fu9 e/tk'/
;|f]tM lhNnf ;"rgf tyf clen]v zfvf,lhlj;, lrtjg
$=$ zx/L tyf u|fdL0f hg;+Vof ljt/0f (Urban and Rural Population)
ljBdfg cj:yfdf zx/LIf]q eg]/ 3f]lift e/tk'/ dxfgu/kflnsf tyf /Tggu/,v}/xgL,/fKtL,
sflnsf / df8L gu/kflnsf If]qleq j;f]jf; ug]{ hg;+VofnfO{ zx/L hg;+Vof / OR5fsfdgf
ufpFkflnsfdf j;f]jf; ug]{ hg;+VofnfO{ u|fdL0f hg;+Vof ?kdf o; lhNnfsf] s"n 5,79,984
hg;+Vof dWo] %,%$,(!& jf s'nhg;+Vofsf] (%=& k|ltzt zx/df / afFsL @%,)^& jf s'n
hg;+Vofsf] $=# k|ltzt ufpFdf j;f]jf; ub{5g\ .
tflnsf $=@ zx/L tyf u|fdL0f hg;+Vof ljj/0f
ljj/0f hg;+Vof k|ltzt If]qkmn -j=ls=dL=_ hg3gTj
u|fdL0f 25,067 4=3 ^%&=&# @$@=&
zx/L 5,54,917 95=7 !,!^^=*! ^@%=%
hDdf %,&(,(*$ !))=)) !###=%$ $#^
112
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s"n @@!* ju{ ls=dL= If]qkmn cf]u6\g] o; lhNnfsf] s"n hg;+Vof 579,984 5, t;y{
o; lhNnfsf] s"n hg3gTj @^! JolQm k|lt ju{ ls=dL= x'g cfpF5 . t/ o; lhNnfsf] If]qkmn
@@#*=#( dfGbf hg3gTj @%* k|lt ju{ ls=dL= x'g] b]lvG5 . sl/j $) k|ltzt e"efu /fi6«Lo
lgs'~h tyf cf/lIft If]qn] 9fs]sf] x'gfn] :jefljs ?kdf pQm If]qdf j;f]jf; 5}g . t;y{ lhNnfsf]
s"n e"–efudf ()*=&( ju{ ls=dL= 36fP/ x'g cfpg] !#@(=^! ju{ ls=dL= nfO{ j;f]jf; If]qsf]
?kdf lx;fj ug]{ xf] eg] o; lhNnfsf] s"n hg3gTj $#^ JolQm k|lt ju{ ls=dL= x'g cfpF5 .
$=$=@ zx/L hg;+Vof
lrtjg lhNnfdf zx/L hg;+Vof a9\bf] qmddf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . zx/L hg;+Vofsf] tYof+s
lng sfo{ e/tk'/ gu/kflnsf :yfkgf ;+u;+u} ePsf] xf] . e/tk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] ?kdf
lj=;+=@)#% df 3f]if0ff ePsf] lyof] eg] /Tggu/ gu/kflnsf @)%# ;fndf 3f]if0f eof] .
tflnsf $=# zx/L hg;+Vof ljj/0f

hg;+Vof zx/L hg;+Vof k|ltzt If]qkmn j=ls=dL
@)#* @&^)@ !)=^ !)@=$)
@)$* %$^&) !%=$
@)%* *(#@# @^=(
@)^* 420285 72=46
;|f]tM hgu0fgfx?
113
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lhNnfsf] cfly{s tyf /f]huf/L l:ylt
%=! lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ;+/rgfTds :j?k

lhNnfsf] ljsf;sf p2]Zox?dWo] cfly{s j[l4 tyf ;d'Ggt ljsf; ;'lglZrt ug'{ klg Ps
ePsf] x'gfn] oxf+ lrtjg lhNnfsf] ;du| cy{tGqnfO{ ult lbgsf] nflu pknJw dfgjLo >f]t
->dzlQm_ / ltgsf] ;lqmotfsf] l:yltsf ;fy} cy{tGqsf k|dv ' If]qx? -s[lif, pBf]u, Jofkf/, cflb_
sf] l:ylt / lt ljifout If]qn] k|bfg u/]sf] /f]huf/Lsf (sectoral employment) cj;/x?sf]
ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
%=@ lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ljlzi6Ls/0f

o; lhNnfsf k|dv ' cfly{s ultljlwx?df s[lif pTkfbg, kz'hGo pTkfbg, jg k}bfjf/,
ko{6g Joj;fo, cflbsf] k|dv ' :yfg /lxcfPsf] 5 . s[lifdf vfBfGg jfnLsf] pTkfbgsf] l:ylt
/fd|f] 5, kz'hGo pTkfbgdf b"w / b"Uw kbfy{sf] pTkfbg, s'v/' f kfng, df}/L kfng, dT:o kfng
cflb sfo{x?sf] ;+:yfut ljsf; eO{/x]sf] 5 . o; lhNnfdf jg If]q k|z:t ePsf] x'gfn] jg
k}bfjf/jf6 o; lhNnfn] ljutdf k|z:t cfDbfgL u/]sf] tYofÍ e]l6G5 . To:t} ljleGg k|fs[lts
tyf ko{6sLo ;Dkbfsf] cjl:yltn] ubf{ o; lhNnfdf ko{6g pBf]u klg lgs} km:6fpg] ;Defjgf 5 .
dfly pNn]lvt cfly{s ultljlwx?sf] jf/]df tnsf kl/R5]bx?df ljZn]if0f ul/g] 5, t/
oxf+ pNn]v ug'{ kg]{ /fi6«Lo tyf If]qLo kl/k|I] fdf o; lhNnfdf pk/f]Qm cfly{s ultljlwx?sf]
ljlzi6 :yfgsf] ljZn]if0fsfnflu cfjZos tYofÍx? h:t}M lhNnf, If]q / /fi6«Lo txdf lo
ultljlwx?df x'g] s"n d"No clej[l4 (gross value added), lt ultljlwx?n] lhNnf, If]qLo tyf
/fi6«Lo txdf l;h{gf u/]sf] /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/, lt ultljlwx?;+u ;Dj4 hgzlQmsf] l:ylt, jf
lt ultljlwx?jf6 x'g] s"n pTkfbg, O{TofbL, sf] cefjdf dfly pNn]lvt ultljlwx?sf] o;
lhNnfdf ljlzi6 :yfg x'b" f x'bF } klg lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ljlzli6s/0fsf] ljZn]if0f ug{ sl7g
5 . tyfkL, s]xL pknJw tYofÍsf cfwf/df, o; lhNnfsf] cy{tGqdf ljz]if :yfg /fVg] #
d"Vo If]qx? s[lif tyf kz'kfng, s'v/' f kfng / ko{6g Joj;fo d'Vo /x]sf 5g\ .
cfly{s ?kdf ;lqmo hg;ª\Vof (Economically Active Population) M bz jif{ jf ;f] eGbf
dflyNnf] pd]/sf s'n hg;ª\Vof dWo] ljut !@ dlxgf -u0fgfsf] lbgsf]_ df slDtdf Ps dlxgf
cfly{s sfd -s[lif÷cfkm\g} v]ltkftL, tnj÷Hofnf, cfkm\g} u}/s[lif Jofj;fo, lj:tfl/t cfly{s sfd
/ sfdsf] vf]hL_ df ;+nUg hg;ª\Vof g} cfly{s?kdf ;qmLo hg;ª\Vof xf] .
cS;/ cfly{s?kdf ;lqmo hg;ª\Vof -Usually Economically Active Population)M bz jif{
114
jf ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] pd]/sf cfly{s?kdf ;lqmo s'n hg;ª\Vof dWo] ljut !@ dlxgf -u0fgfsf]
lbgsf]_ df slDtdf ^ dlxgf jf ;f] eGbf jl9 cjlw cfly{s sfd -s[lif÷cfkm\g} v]ltkftL,
tnj÷Hofnf, cfkm\g} u}/s[lif Jofj;fo, lj:tfl/t cfly{s sfd / sfdsf] vf]hL_ df ;+nUg
hg;ª\Vof g} cS;/ cfly{s?kdf ;lqmo hg;ª\Vof xf] .
o; lhNNffdf bz jf ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] pd]/sf s'n hGf;+Vof $,&),(@& hgfdWo] cflYf{s
?kdf ;lqmo @,%#,$!* hgf jf %#=*# Kf|ltzt b]lvG5 h;df k'?if !,##,@&* hgf jf ^)=*)
k|ltzt / dlxnf !,@),!$) hgf $&=&) Kf|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . cfly{s ?kn] lgl:qmo /x]sf]
@,!$,^$( hgf jf $)=^) k|ltzt b]lvG5 h;df k'?if *$,%@( hgf jf #*=%) k|ltzt /
dlxnf !,#),!@) hgf jf %!=&) k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ cflYf{s ?kn] lgl:qmo /xg'sf] d'Vo
sf/0fx?df cWoog, 3/wGbf, a[4fj:yf, lh0f{/f]u d'Vo b]lvG5 h;sf] k|ltzt qmdzM ^)=^&,
!&=)&, &=)* / !=^& 5 .
%=# If]qcg';f/ /f]huf/Lsf] l:ylt

If]qut cyf{t cf}Bf]uLs jlu{s/0f cg';f/ %%=*$ k|ltzt /f]huf/ s[lif, jg / df5fkfng
If]qdf, cf}Bf]lus If]qdf ^=&# k|ltzt, yf]s tyf v'bf| Jofkf/df !)=)( k|ltzt, lgdf{0f If]qdf
$=*! k|ltzt cflb /x]sf 5g\ . cGo If]qx?df /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUgtf Go"g /x]sf] 5 . If]qcg';f/
/f]huf/Lsf] ljj/0f b]xfo cg';f/ /x]sf] 5 . k|fylds If]qdf %%=*$ k|ltzt, l4tLo If]qdf
!@=)) k|ltzt / #@=!^ t[tLo If]qdf ;+nUg ePsf] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf %=! If]q cg';f/ cS;/ cfly{s ?kn] ;lqmo hg;+Vof !) jif{ jf ;f] eGbf dfly
If]q hDdf k|ltzt k'?if k|ltzt dlxnf k|ltzt
s[lif, jg / df5f 1,26,817 55=84 54,381 43=14 72,435 71=69
vfgL tyf pTvgg\ 539 0=24 451 0=36 88 0=09
cf}Bf]lus -k|zf]wg pBf]u_ pTkfbg sfo{ 15,287 6=73 10,674 8=47 4,614 4=57
ljB't, UofF; 503 0=22 471 0=37 32 0=03
kfgLsf] cfk'lt{, 9n, kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg 454 0=20 382 0=30 72 0=07
tyf pkrf/ ;DaGwL lqmofsnfk
lgdf{0f 10,916 4=81 9,926 7=87 990 0=98
yf]s tyf v'bf| Jofkf/, df]6/ uf8L / 22,921 10=09 14,595 11=58 8,327 8=24
df]6/ ;fOsnsf] dd{t
oftfoft / uf]bfd 9,797 4=31 9,579 7=60 218 0=22
j:g / vfgfsf] ;]jf ;DaGwL lqmofsnfk 6,538 2=88 4,074 3=23 2,464 2=44
;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ 844 0=37 658 0=52 186 0=18
cfly{s tyf jLdf Joj;fo 1,884 0=83 1,277 1=01 607 0=60
115
l/on :6]6 tyf /]06n ;]jf 178 0=08 154 0=12 25 0=02
k]zfut, j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws lqmofsnfkx? 445 0=20 365 0=29 80 0=08
k|zf;lgs tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 1,272 0=56 1,030 0=82 242 0=24
;fj{hlgs k|zf;g, /Iff / clgjfo{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff 3,682 1=62 2,986 2=37 697 0=69
lzIff 9,658 4=25 6,191 4=91 3,466 3=43
dfgj :jf:y / ;fdflhs sfo{ 3,142 1=38 1,616 1=28 1,526 1=51
snf tyf dgf]/Ghg 131 0=06 107 0=08 25 0=02
cGo ;]jf ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx? 3,211 1=41 2,191 1=74 1,020 1=01
3/]n' sfdbf/ ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx?, 5,381 2=37 2,433 1=93 2,947 2=92
cGt/fli6«o ;+3;+:yf / ;f] cGtu{tsf lgsfo 161 0=07 144 0=11 16 0=02
pNn]v gePsf] 3,344 1=47 2,379 1=89 964 0=95
hDdf 2,27,105 100=00 1,26,064 100=00 1,01,041 100=00
;|f]tM /fli6«o hgu0fgfsf] k|ltj]bgM @)^*
%=$ k]zfcg';f/ /f]huf/Lsf] ljj/0f
/fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^* sf cg';f/ ;a} eGbf s[lif If]qsf bIf tyf cw{ bIf hgzlQmx?sf]
;+Vof %!=^) k|ltzt, ;]jf tyf ljqmL sfdbf/ !!=)#, cf}hf/ / ;DjlGwt ;fdfgsf laqmL
sfdbf/ !)=*$ k|ltzt / k|fylds k]zfsdL{ !)=@* k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . dlxnf / k'?ifsf]
;+/rgf x]bf{ k'?ifsf] cTolws /f]huf/Ldf ;+nUgtf /x]sf] kfO{G5 . sfof{no ;xfos b]lv pRr
ju{sf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;+Vof sd b]lvG5 .
tflnsf %=@ d'Vo k]zfcg';f/ hg;+Vof !) jif{ jf ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] pd]/sf
d"Vo k]zf hDdf k|ltzt k'?if k|ltzt dlxnf k|ltzt
;z:q ;}lgs 494 0=22 422 0=33 73 0=07
Joj:yfks 5371 2=36 3379 2=68 1992 1=97
k]zfljb\ 10080 4=44 6631 5=26 3449 3=41
k|fljlws / ;xfos k]zfljb\ 6042 2=66 4379 3=47 1663 1=65
sfof{no ;xfos 2808 1=24 2001 1=59 806 0=80
;]jf / laqmL sfdbf/ 25044 11=03 16068 12=75 8976 8=88
s[lif, jg / df5fkfng ;DaGwL sfdbf/ 117197 51=60 49511 39=27 67686 66=99
cf}hf/ / ;DjlGwt ;fdfgsf laqmL sfdbf/ 24608 10=84 19413 15=40 5195 5=14
oGq / d]lzg ;~rfns 9028 3=98 8777 6=96 250 0=25
k|fylds k]zfsdL{ 23340 10=28 13256 10=52 10084 9=98
pNn]v gePsf] 3093 1=36 2227 1=77 867 0=86
hDdf 227105 100=00 126064 100=00 101041 100=00
116
%=% s[lif tyf l;+rfO{ If]q

o; lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] d]?b08 g} s[lif xf] . lhNnfsf] s[lifdf Joj;foLs/0f tyf
ljljlws/0f u/L s[lifhGo pTkfbg Pj+ pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 u/L hgtfsf] hLjg:t/ psf:g'
cfjZos 5 . o; lhNnfsf] s'n e"efusf] sl/a @^% v]tLof]Uo hldg dWo] $$@=(! ju{ ls=ld
df dfq v]tL ul/Psf] 5, To;}n] o; lhNnfdf yk If]qkmndf v]tL ug{;lsg] ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
lhNnfsf] s"n e"–efusf] sl/j la; k|ltzt cf]u6\g] dxfef/tsf] kxf8L If]qsf] ef}uf]lns
jgf}6 tyf w/ftnLo ljs6tfn] ubf{ w]/h} ;f] e"–efu v]ltkftLsf] nflu of]Uo b]lv+bg} . To:t}
e/tk'/,/Tggu/, v}/xgL nufotsf zx/L tyf zx/f]Gd'v If]qdf eO{/x]sf] qmlds zx/Ls/0fsf]
k|lqmofn] ubf{ tL If]qx?df klg v]ltof]Uo hldgsf] If]qkmndf qmlds ?kdf x|f; x'bF } uO{/x]sf]
5 . Knl6Ë u/L 38]/L vl/blas|Ln] ubf{ pAhfpof]Uo hdLg 36\b} uO{ eljZodf pTkfbgdf x|f;
cfpg] ;+efjgf TolQms} a9L 5 .
lhNnfdf pTkfbg x'g] vfBfGg jfnL tkm{ wfgn] k|dv ' tf kfPsf] 5 eg] To;kl5 ds}, ux',"
tf]/L, d';/' f], kmnkm'n, cfn', t/sf/L jfnL cflb kb{5g\ . lhNnfsf] s[lif pTkfbg tkm{ x]bf{
gub]jfnLsf] pTkfbg gu0o /x]sf] b]lvG5, tyfkL gub]jfnLsf] ?kdf cb'jf, pv', cd[;f], cflbsf]
;DefJotf eg] b]lvPsf] 5 .
%=%=! s[lif ;DaGwL cfwf/e't ljj/0f

tflnsf %=# s[[lif ;DaGwL cfwf/e't ljj/0f
ljj/0f PsfO{ 2068 2058
lhNnfsf ;Dk"0f{ s[ifs kl/jf/x? (Total number of ag. holdings) ;+Vof 88242 71429
b]zsf hDdf s[ifs kl/jf/x?dWo] lhNnfsf] k|ltzt
(% of total national holdings) k|ltzt 2=30 3=31
s[ifs kl/jf/x?;+u /x]sf] hDdf hldg (Total area of holdings) x]S6/ 40631=6 42113=2
lhNnfsf] hDdf If]qkmndWo] s[ifs kl/jf/x?;+u /x]sf] hldgsf] k|ltzt
( % of agriculture holding area) k|ltzt 15=26 15=82
k|lt s[ifs kl/jf/ cf}ift hldg (Average size of holdings) x]S6/ 0=46 0=59
s[ifs kl/jf/x?;+u /x]sf] hDdf lsQf ;+Vof
(Total number of parcel ) ;+Vof 167625 134092
k|lt s[ifs kl/jf/ cf}ift lsQf ;+Vof
(Average no. of parcel per holdings) ;+Vof 1=9 1=9
k|lt lsQf cf}ift If]qkmn (Average parcel size) x]S6/ 0=28 0=31
jfnL ;3gtf l:ylt dfg 2=53 2=33
s[lif kljf/ k|ltzt k|ltzt 66=62 76=92
hDdf s[ifs hg;+Vof (Total Farm Population) ;+Vof 414247 391503
117
s[lifof]Uo hldgdWo] l;+lrt hldgsf] If]qkmn (%of irrigated land)_ k|ltzt 76.33 67.06
s[lifhGo pTkfbgn] kl/jf/nfO{ jif{ e/L vfg k'Ug] kl/jf/ ;+Vof
(Sufficiency of ag.livestock production) ;+Vof 56549 40376
s[lifhGo pTkfbgn] kl/jf/nfO{ jif{ e/L vfg gk'Ug] kl/jf/ ;+Vof
(Insufficiency of ag.livestock production) ;+Vof 31693 31053
df5fkfng ug]{ s[ifs kl/jf/ ;+Vof 1247
df}/Lkfng ug]{ s[ifs kl/jf/ ;+Vof 2157
Rofp v]tL ug]{ s[ifs kl/jf/ ;+Vof 688
/]zd v]tL ug]{ s[ifs kl/jf/ ;+Vof 86
>f]t M /fli6«o s[lif u0fgfx? @)^*,@)%*
tflnsf %=$ e'–pkof]u

qm=;+ e"–pkof]usf] lsl;d If]qkmn
x]S6/ k|ltzt
! v]lt ug{ nfos 468==94 26
@ jg h+un 1424 62=92
# r/g, emf8L , a'6o\ fg 188 6=02
$ cfjf; If]q 3=23 0,15
% cGo - gbL ,vf]nf,;8s,af6f], af+emf] hldg_ 108=42 4=92
>f]tM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, lrtjg
%=%=@ hUufsf] pkof]u cg';f/ hUufsf] If]qkmn
/fli6«o s[lifu0fgf @)^* cg';f/ hUufsf] pkof]u x]bf{ hDdf s[lifrngsf] If]qkmndWo]
#%,&$%=$ x]= v]ltof]Uo hUufsf] *&=!@ cyf{t #%,#(^=@ x]S6/ hUufdf c:yfoL afnL nfu]sf]
b]lvG5 h'g @)%* ;fnsf #&,@&^=$ x]S6/df c:yfoL afnL lyof] . To;}u/L :yfoL afnL nfu]sf]
#=#( k|ltzt cyf{t\ !,#&&=@ x]S6/ , lghL h+unn] 9fs]sf] )=$% Kf|ltzt , :yfoL rf}/r/0f
)=%# k|ltzt b]lvG5 . tnsf] tflnsf cg';f/ @)%* eGbf @)^* sf] u0fgfcg';f/ s[lifhUuf
36]sf] / u}/s[lif hUuf a9]sf] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf %=% s[ifs kl/jf/n] pkof]u u/]sf] hldgsf] cfwf/df s[lifdf e"–pkof]u
qm=;+=+ ljj/0f If]qkmn -x]=_ k|ltzt
! v]tL of]Uo hUuf c:yfoL jfnL nfu]sf] (Temporary crops) 35396=2 87=12
(Arable Land) c:yfoL rf}/ r/g (Temporary meadow) 48=3 0=12
c:yfoL jfFemf] (Temporary fallow) 300=8 0=74
118
@ :yfoL jfnL nfu]sf] (Permanent crops) 1377=2 3=39

# rf}/ r/g / cf]tdf k/]sf] hUuf (Meadows and pastures) 215=9 0=53
$ kf]v/L (Ponds) 183=5 0=17
% lglh jgh+un (Woodland and Forest) 388=5 0=45
cGo 2721=1 6=70
hDdf 40631=6 100=00
>f]t M /lfi6«o s[lif u0fgf,@)^*
%=%=# l;+lrt hUufsf] If]qkmn
l;+rfO{sf ljleGg dfWodaf6 l;+lrt x'g] hUufsf] hDdf If]qkmn /fli6«o s[lif u0fgf @)^*
n] $),^#!=^ x]S6/ hUuf /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . l;+rfO{sf] >f]t cg';f/ 6\oa" j]n jf af]l/Ëaf6
@&=#! k|ltzt hUufdf, gbL÷tnfp -:jtM jxfa_ af6 @@=!^ Kf|ltzt, gbL÷tnfp -tfGg' kg]_{
af6 @=!% k|ltzt, afFw afFw/] #$=$^ k|ltzt / afFsL cGo ;|ft] af6 hUuf l;+lrt ePsf] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf %=^ l;rfO{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f

l;+rfO{sf] >f]t @)^*
s[lif rng ;+Vof If]qkmn k|ltzt
6\oj' j]n÷af]/Lª 32897 8472 27=31
gbL, tnfp 15266 6873=2 22=16
klDkË 2236 667=6 2=15
afFw 24426 10689=4 34=46
cGo 11568 3132=5 10=1
ld>Lt 2623 1180=3 3=81
hDdf 88242 40631=6 100
>f]t M /fli6«o s[lif u0fgf @)^*
lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, lrtjg cg';f/ o; lhNnfdf sl/a $^,*($ x]S6/ -$^*=($
ju{ ls=dL_ hldg v]ltsf nflu of]Uo 5 . s'n v]ltof]Uo hldg dWo] #@,@!*=^ x]S6/ -^*=&%_df
dfq l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf pknAw 5 . l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf;+u ;DalGwt ljj/0f / l;+lrt If]qkmn af/]
tYof+s lgDgfg';f/ 5 .
tflnsf %=& lrtjg lhNnfsf] l;+rfO{sf] l:ylt

qm=;+= ljj/0f If]qkmn
! s'n If]qkmn -x]=_ @,!*,)))
@ s'n v]ltof]Uo hldg -x]=_ $^,*($
# xfn v]lt eO{/x]sf] If]qkmn -x]=_ $$,@(!
119
qm=;+= ljj/0f If]qkmn

$ cl;+lrt If]qkmn -x]=_ !!,((@=$
% l;+lrt If]qkmn -x]=_ #@,@!*=^
^ df};dL l;rfO{ x'g] If]qkmn -x]=_ *,#(*=^
& afx} dlxgf l;+rfO{ x'g] If]qkmn x]= @#,*@)
* k"jL{ /fKtL, vu]/L, k~rsGof, lk7'jf l;+rfO{ gx/af6 &,#*# x]=
( l8k 6\oa' n] af6 #&$ x]=
!) :ofnf] 6\oa' n] af6 !,&)$ x]=
!! ;fgf l;+rfO{ l:sdaf6 %,%%$ x]
!@ ;xsf/L l;+rfO{ l:sdaf6 ^)^ x]=
!# cGo -lghL, df]6/, Ogf/_ af6 @&# x]=
;|f]tM lHfNnf kfZj{lrq, lrtjg
tflnsf %=* s[lif e"ld ljj/0f
s'n If]qkmn s'n v]lt of]Uo hldg xfn v]tL e}/x]sf] If]qkmn l;+rt If]qkmn x]= ;tx l;rfO{ tkm{
jif{e/L df};dL s'n
@,!*,))) $^,*($ x]S6/ $$,@(! x]S6/ @#,*@) *,#(*=^ #@,@!*=^
x]S6/ x]S6/ x]S6/ x]S6/
;|f]t M lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, @)&@÷&#
%=%=$ s[lif pkhsf] ck|ofKttf tyf ck|ofKttf k'lt{ ug]{ dfWod
/fli6«o s[lif u0fgf @)^* sf cg';f/ cfkm}n] v]tL u/]/ $ b]lv ^ dlxgf vfg gk'Ug] s[ifs
kl/jf/x? @(=% k|ltzt, ! b]lv # dlxgf vfg gk'Ug] !$=* Kf|ltzt, & b]lv ( dlxgf vfg
gk'Ug] @)=) Kf|ltzt tyf !) b]lv !@ dlxgf vfg gk'Ug] #%=& k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ eg] !@
dlxgf g} vfg k'Ug] %%=)( k|ltzt b]lvPsf] 5 . o;/L aif}e{ /L vfg gk'us ] f] cj:yfdf vfBGg
ck|ofKttfsf] cfk"lt{ ;j}eGbf a9L cfkm\g} lhNnf leq cfo cfh{g sfd u/]/ ug]{ ^)=( k|ltzt
s[ifsx? /x]sf 5g\ . cfkm\gf] lhNNnf aflx/sf] cfoaf6 %=@ k|ltzt, g]kfn aflx/sf] cfoaf6
!#=( k|ltzt, k]G;gaf6 $=@ k|ltzt s[ifsx? /x]sf 5g\ .
tflnsf %=( s[lif pkhsf] kof{Kttf÷ckof{Kttf
ckof{Kttfsf] cjlw kl/jf/ ;+Vof k|ltzt ckof{Kttf k'lt{ ug]{ dfWod kl/jf/ ;+Vof k|ltzt
!–# dlxgf 4687 14=8 cfˆg} s[lif Joj;fo 3612 11=4
$–^ dlxgf 9375 29=5 Hofnf lhNnfleq 19265 60=9
&–( dlxgf 6321 20=0 Hofnf lhNnf aflx/ 1634 5=2
!)–!@ dlxgf 11310 35=7 Hofnf b]z aflx/ 4386 13=9
hDdf 31653 100 k]G] ;g 1333 4=2
cGo 1462 4=6
>f]t M /fli6«o s[lif u0fgf @)^*
120
ljutsf bzsx?df s[lif If]qdf ;lqmo hg;+Vofsf] ;+nUgtfdf lu/fj6 cfPtf klg cfly{s
?kn] ;lqmo hg;+Vofsf] 7"nf] efu &^=% -@)$* ;fn_, ^^=(^ -@)%* ;fn_ / @)^* ;fndf
%!=^) k|ltzt cem} s[lif If]qd} ;+nUg /x]sf] 5 . vfBfGg jfnLx?sf] pTkfbgsf] l:ylt x]bf{
wfg, ds}, ux'" cflb nfO{ k|dv
' vfBfGg jfnLsf] ?kdf ln+bf tL jfnLx? / To; jfx]s bnxg
/ t]nxgsf] pTkfbgdf yf]/} dfqfdf ePklg j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
xfnsf] vfBfGg pTkfbg kl/df0F / xfnsf] hg;+Vof j[l4 b/ sfod /xg] xf] eg] o;
lhNnfsf] hg;+Vof bf]Jj/ x'g nfUg] cjlw sl/j #$ jif{eGbf j9L ;dosf]nflu of] lhNnf
vfBfGgdf cfTdlge{/ /xg] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf %=!) s[lif ks]6 If]qsf] ljj/0f

qm=;+= afnL / a:t' If]qkmn x]S6/ pTkfbg d]=6g= :yfg jf If]q
! vfBfGg afnL aLp !%)) $!() lk7"jf, u'~hfgu/, kfjt{k/' , k6LxfgL,
hutk'/, sNof0fk'/ df8L
@ ;'Gtnf hft kmnk'mn @@% !*%) bf/]rf]s, r08Le~of+ª, sfpn]
# s]/f ^&) !)@%) /=g=kf=, kbdk'/, h'6kfgL, lk7"jf
$ t/sf/L $))) %$%)) lutfgu/, u'~hgu/, z'qmgu/, d+unk'/,
r}gk'/, zlQmvf]/, e08f/f, jL/]Gb|gu/,
hutk' /=g=kf=, lkKn], sNof0fk'/
% dT:o !&% ^)# df8L, u'~hgu/,/=g=kf, v}/xgL
^ /]zd j3f}8f,sNof0fk'/, cof]Wofk'/L, r}gk'/
& vfWofGg afnL !)%) #&*) uLtfgu/, lzjgu/, u'~hgu/, kfj{tLk'/, df8L
* vfWofGg tyf aLp cfn' *)) !%@)) r}gk'/, v}/xgLsf] s7f/ If]q, u'~hgu/,
kfj{tLk'/, df8L
( l3p l;dL @)) @$&) zlQmvf]/sf] Go"/g] L
!) k|fËfu/Ls t/sf/L % $@ b]jgu/, kbdk'/
;|f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, @)&@÷&#
tflnsf %=!! vfBfGg pTkfbgsf] l:ylt
qm=; ljj/0f pTkfbg
! lhNnfsf] s'n vfBfGg pTkfbg @%*&%^ d]=6=
@ lhNnfsf] s'n pkef]u of]Uo vfBfGg pTkfbg !#%%!% d]=6=
# lhNnfsf] k|=hg;+Vofsf] nflu pkef]u of]Uo vfBfGg cfjZostf
-k|lt JolQm k|lt jif{ @)! s]=hL=sf b/n]_ !@!$$^=$ d]=6=
$ vfBfGg pknAwtfsf] l:ylt !$)^*=%^ d]=6= art
;|f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, lrtjg
121
%=%=% s[lif pTkfbg ;DaGwL ljj/0f
tflnsf %=!@ M k|d'v s[lif jfnLx¿sf] pTkfbg tyf 9fs]sf] If]qkmn

qm=;++ ljj/0f If]qkmn -x]=_ pTkfbg -d]= 6g_ km/s k|ltzt
@)&!÷&@ @)&@÷&# @)&!÷&@ @)&@÷&# pTkfbg
! vfBfGo tyf cGo jfnL
1=1 wfg 33,975 31,942 1,22,800 1,11,089 –9=76
1=2 ds} 28,900 25,200 97,475 90,400 –7=3
1=3 ux'“ 8,550 6,020 29,630 21,672 –26=9
1=4 sf]bf] 1,550 1,500 1,565 1,500 –4=2
1=5 hf} 42 40 44 100 127=3
1=7 cfn' 1,978 1,918 34,608 35,099 1=4
1=8 bnxg jfnL 5,514 5,610 7,428 7,511 1=1
1=9 t]nxg jfnL 12,826 12,890 11,397 13,909 22=0
2 t/sf/L 6,287 6,579 86,375 90,514 4=8
2=1 lxp“b] t/sf/L 1,822 1,822 25,273 25,326 0=2
2=2 aif]{ t/sf/L 3,099 3,191 43,403 44,684 3=0
2=3 a]df};dL t/sf/L 1,366 1,566 17,699 20,515 15=9
3 kmnk"mn
3=1 ;'Gtnf 265 239 2145 2,004 –6=6
3=2 jif]{ 1,054 2,212 15,375 15,593 1=4
4 d;nf 1,675 1,537 15,252 14,800 –3=0
cb'jf 165 578 1,485 4,335 191=9
cGo 397 N.A. 2720 N.A.
5 df}/L 8000 3f/ 12000 3f/ 100 480 380=0
;|f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, lrtjg
tflnsf %=!# lrtjg lhNnfsf] jfnL kfqf]

qm=;++ jfnLsf] gfd lap jf jfnL /fKg] ;do jfnL lng] ;do s}lkmot
! wfg h]i7–cfiff9 cflZjg–d+l;/
@ ds} a;Gt] kmfNu'g h]i7–cfiff9
# ds} aif]{ r}q–a}zfif >fj0f–efb|
$ ux' sflt{s–d+l;/ r}q–a}zfif
% sf]bf] h]i7–>fj0f sflt{s–d+l;/
122
qm=;++ jfnLsf] gfd lap jf jfnL /fKg] ;do jfnL lng] ;do s}lkmot
^ hf} c;f]h–sflt{s r}q–a}zfif
& tf]/L c;f]h–sflt{s df3–kmfNu'g
* d';/' f] c;f]h–sflt{s r}q–a}zfif
( lxpb] cfn' c;f]h–d+l;/ df3–r}q
!) jif]{ cfn' df3–kmfNu'g cfiff9–>fj0f
!! lxpb] t/sf/L >fj0f–cflZjg sflt{s–kmfNu'g
!@ jif]{ t/sf/L kmfNu'g–r}q h]i7–efb|
;|f]tM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no,lrtjg
%=%=^ lhNnfsf] kz'kfng ;DaGwL k|fk] mfOn
tflnsf %=!$ kz'k+IfLsf] ;+Vof @)&@÷&#
ufO{ ;f+9]uf]? b'wfn' ufO{ yf/f ufO{ jx/ sf]/]nL afR5f jfR5L hDdf s}lkmot
:yflgo 70 4456 6114 4647 2113 4517 1432 3135 26484
pGgt 117 743 21444 3543 1634 6023 3847 9947 47298
hDdf 187 5199 27558 8190 3747 10540 5279 13082 73782
e};L /f+uf]
hf]Tg] b'wfn' e};L yf/f e};L sf]/]nL kf8f kf8L hDdf s}lkmot
/f+uf]
:yflgo 130 1457 10379 4397 3070 3543 2572 25548
pGgt 147 1744 16845 4623 6307 5740 7855 43261
hDdf 277 3201 27224 9020 9377 9283 10427 68809
afv|fdf af]sf v;L JofPsf] yf/f] kf7f ! kf7L ! kf7f ^ kf7L ^ hDdf s}lkmot
jfv|L jfv|L jif{ d'gL jif{ d'gL dlxgfd'gL dlxgf d'gL
:yflgo 7306 20307 20917 7993 16715 16866 13940 19124 123168
pGgt 3567 16553 16314 7135 9740 9403 9745 18343 90800
hDdf 10873 36860 37231 15128 26455 26269 23685 37467 213968
e]8fdf y'df v;L Jof= yf/f 5tf}/f ! 5tf}/L ! kf7f ^ kf7L ^ hDdf s}lkmot
e]8L e]8L jif{ d'gLsf jif{ d'gL dlxgf d'gL dlxgf d'gL
:yflgo 128 589 1104 372 324 578 301 504 3900
hDdf 128 589 1104 372 324 578 301 504 3900
;'u'/df e'gf v;L Jo= yf/f 5tf}/f ! 5tf}/L kf7f ^ kf7L ^
e'gL e'gL jif{ d'gL ! jif{ d'gL dlxgf d'gL dlxgf d'gL hDdf s}lkmot
:yflgo 646 432 745 568 604 472 417 503 4347
pGgt 401 1030 712 438 904 987 1133 643 6248
hDdf 1047 1462 1457 1006 1508 1459 1550 1146 10595
123
sd{l;on n]o;{ ;+Vof M #*&&@^#

sd{l;on j|fO] n/ ;+Vof M !)*%*$(&
:yflgo s'v/' f M %$**(&
tflnsf %=!% kz'k+5L kfn]sf s[ifs kl/jf/ tyf kz'k+5Lx?sf] ;+Vof ;DaGwL ljj/0f
kz'k5
+ Lsf] k|sf/ s[ifs kl/jf/ ;+Vof kz'k5
+ Lsf] ;+Vof s}l{ kmot
@)%* @)^* @)%* @)^*
kfNt' rf}kfof
!= ufO{uf]? 29196 29086 89333 71864
:yfgLo 83464 47120
pGgt 5869 24744
@= /fufe};L 40748 39818 91970 77045
:yfgLo 88293 67776
pGgt 3677 9269
#= v;Lafv|f 37999 53179 160873 238373
$ =e]8f 1337 676 5052 3293
%= a+u/' 2674 4181 4903 9710
kfNt' r/fr'?+uL
s'v/' f -:yflgo_ 29047 32381 334413 417859
s'v/' f -pGgt_ 1210 7267 1079667 2392468
xfF; 2526 7698 10883 47604
k/]jf 1003 1419 15081 19523
;|f]tM /fli6«o s[lif u0fgfx? @)^*,@)%*
tflnsf %=!^ kz'k+5Lx?sf] nflu ks]6If]q ;DaGwL ljj/0f
qm=;+= kz'kI+ fL ks]6 If]q
! ufO{ u'Ghgu/ ledgu/, /Tggu/, lbAogu/, d+unk'/ lahogu/, klZrd /fdk'/, zf/bfgu/,
v}/xgL ;nf}nL a'9f}nL, r}gk'/ Hofld/], lj/]Gb|gu/ v'/v'/,] lutfgu/ .
@ e};L Zflzgu/, u'Ghgu/ e'jga:tL zf/bfgu/, v}/xgL ;nf}nL a'9f}nL, r}gk'/ Hofld/]
la/]Gb|gu/, s'd/f]h, e08f/f, lkKn], km'naf/L, ubL{ e}/jk'/
# Affv|f Uf'~hgu/ ledgu/, lbJogu/ sf]On{ fxf zzLgu/, Hf'6kfgL, r}gk'/, z'sg| u/, uLtfgu/
s]z/afu, ZflQmvf]/, bxfvfgL, sljnf; !, r08Le~ofË, bf/]rf]s, sf]/fs, e08f/f / d]3f}nL
$ a+u/' a3f}8f, u'~hgu/ e"j" ga:tL, Uf'~hgu/, l;d/L 6fpg v}/xgL ;'tf{gf, d'8fjf/, d'U' nLg,
s'/Lg6f/, z'qmgu/, d]3f}nL / sf]/fs
% s'v/' f U'f~hgu/ kz';j] f s]Gb|, d+unk'/ kz';j] f pks]Gb|, n+v' kz';j] f pks]Gb|, v}/xgL kz';j] f
s]Gb| / /Tggu/ kz';j] f pks]Gb| cGtu{t .
124
%=^ ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf ljQLo ;+:yf

xfd|f] b]z g]kfndf k/Dk/fb]lv u'7L, d+s| fvn, l9s'6L, kdf{ h:tf Ps cfk;df ldn]/ ;fd'lxs
sfo{ ug],{ ;fdflhs sfo{x? ug]{ Ps csf{sf] nflu ;xof]uL jGg] sfo{ x'bF } cfPsf 5g\ . ;j} ldnL
a;f}+ ;a}n] jfF8/] vfcf},+ ldn]/ sfd u/f}+ eGg] efjgfn] xfd|f] k/Dk/f / ;+:sf/ cf]tk|ft] /x]s} 5 .
g]kfndf @)!) ;fndf ;xsf/L ljefusf] :yfkgf u/L lrtjgsf] /fKtLb"g If]qdf j;f]jf;
u/fOPsf hg;d"bfosf] cfly{s cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg / Jojl:yt j:tL ljsf;sf nflu C0f
pknJw u/fpg C0f jrt ;xsf/L ;+:yf vf]Ng] qmd z'? ul/of] .
g]kfnss} klxnf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ?kdf æjvfg ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8 zf/bfgu/ !
lrtjgÆ @)!# ;fn r}q @) ut] btf{ e} :yfkgf eof] . @)!# ;fnb]lv @)$* ;fn ;Dd
lrtjg lhNnfe/ !( j6f ;xsf/L -;femf_ ;+:yf / Ps lhNnf ;+3 /x]sf]df cf=j= @)&@÷&#
;Dd To;sf] ;+Vof ^&* ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;xsf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;~hfn lhNnfel/ g} lj:tf/
ePsf] kfOG5 . oL ;+3 ;+:yfx?df @,#),*@& ;b:ox? cfj4 ePsf 5g\ . o; If]qaf6 jflif{s
sl/a s/f}8f} cfly{s sf/f]jf/ x'b} cfPsf] 5 . dlxnfaf6 ;+rflnt !)$ j6f ;xsf/Lx? 5g\ . dlxnf,
hghflt,blnt lk5l8Psf] ju{ / If]qsf ;d'bfodf ;xsfl/tfsf] dfWodaf6 pBdsf] ljsf; ePsf]
5 .gk] fndf ;xsf/Lsf] hggLsf] ?kdf /x]sf] o; lrtjg lhNnfsf] u/Lj, lgDg cfo ePsf,
j]/f]huf/, s[ifs cflbsf] Joj;flos cfwf/ g} ;xsf/Ltf jg]sf] 5 . /]zd v]tL xf];\ jf
df}/Lkfng, jrt C0fsf] sf/f]jf/ xf];\ jf b'Uw pTkfbs, tfhf t/sf/L tyf kmnk"mn pTkfbs
xf];\ jf jx'p2]Zo, x/]s If]qdf ;xsf/L Joj;fon] pNn]Vo?kdf ;kmntf kfO/x]s} 5 .
o; lhNnfdf cGt//fli6«o u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yf jf /fli6«o u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yf, ljleGg bft[
lgsfo cflbsf] ;xof]usf] If]q klg ul/jL lgjf/0fsf] nflu /x]sf] / u/Ljsf] cfly{s cj:yfdf
;'wf/ Nofpg] cGt/fli6«o ?ksf] ;zQm dfWod klg ;xsf/L g} ePsf]n] ;xsf/L ljsf; cuf8L
al9/x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf %=!& ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f cf=j=@)&#÷&$

qm=;= ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] lsl;d ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof dlxnf k'?if hDdf z]o/ k"hL -?=xhf/df_
! art 283 77,281 56,752 1,34,833 1922480000
@ b'Uw 138 4,780 13,631 18,411 41698200
# s[lif 127 31,693 9,168 40,861 190265800
$ t/sf/L tyf kmnkm'n 12 797 1,284 2,081 2453800
% ax'p2]ZoLo 68 10,439 12,080 22,519 498770100
^ ;fdflhs pBdL 14 4,805 0 4,805 16199800
& hl8a'6L 6 415 309 724 5127400
* df5fkfng 6 235 97 332 554000
( df}/Lkfng 4 139 953 1,092 60631900
125
!) jftfj/0f 1 1 38 39 97500
!! ;+rf/ 5 139 953 1,092 60631900
!@ lrtjg rgf}nL zLte08f/ 1 42 117 159 5500000
!$ ko{6g 3 282 348 630 7629100
!% /]zd 1 596 286 882 434500
!^ pkef]Qmf 9 1,049 1,268 2,317 21909000
hDdf 678 1,32,693 97,284 2,30827 2834382000
;|f]tM ;xsf/L k|lzIf0f tyf l8lehg sfof{no, lrtjg
tflnsf %=!& s ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f =@)&# r}q ;Dd
qm=;= ljQLo ;+:yf ;+Vof qm=;= ljQLo ;+:yf ;+Vof
! jfl0fHo a}s s ju{ 81 2 ljsf; a}s v ju{ 68
# kmfOgfG; sDkgL u ju{ 5 4 n3' ljQ ljsf; j}s 3 a}s 42
>f]t M g]kfn /fi6« a}s
%=& pBf]u wGbf tyf vlgh ;Dkbf l:ylt
lhNnfsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] lbuf] / e/kbf]{ cfwf/:tDe g} cf}Bf]lus ljsf; xf] . of} lhNnf
cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] k|r/' ;Defjgf af]ss ] f] lhNnf xf] . n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] dfWodaf6
ul/jL Go"gLs/0fdf 6]jf k'/o\ fpg ;lsG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] kl/eflift u/] cg'?k l:y/ k"h+ L
cfwf/ dfgL x]bf{ lrtjg lhNnfdf ;fgf pBf]ux?sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . cf}Bf]lus u0fgf
cg';f/ g]kfnsf] s'n pTkfbgzLn cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf o; lhNnfsf] s'n pTkfbzLn cf}wf]lus
pTkfbg @=& k|ltzt / g]kfnsf] s'n d'No clej[l4sf] c+zdf of] lhNnfsf] of]ubfg #=( k|ltzt
/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
lhNnf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no lrtjgsf] tYofÍ cg';f/ o; lhNnfdf xfn;Dd
a:t' pTkfbg, k|zf]wg / ;]jfhGo pBf]ux? ljleGg ufp‘kflnsf / gu/kflnsfdf 5l/P/
;+rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . oL n3' pBd,3/]n' / ;fgf pBf]u k|sl[ tsf pBf]ux? 5g\ . #,)*@ j6f
pBf]ux? pTkfbg d'ns, @,!(* j6f ;]jfd'ns, @,!^% j6f s[lif Pjd\ jghGo, !,)^$ j6f
pBf]ux? ko{6g Joj;fo;+u ;DalGwt / # j6f lgdf{0fd"ns pBf]ux? 5g\ . oL pBf]ux?n]
#*,^!* hgfnfO{ /f]huf/L lbPsf 5g\ .o; lhNnfdf n3', 3/]n' / ;fgf pBf]u u/L hDdf *,%!@
pBf]ux? btf{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . oL pBf]ux?df sfg'gL x}l;ot x]bf{ ;a}eGbf a9L lghL 5g\ eg]
bf];f| d] f ;fem]bf/L / To;kl5 k|f= ln=sf] ;+Vof 5 .
tflnsf %=!* pBf]ux¿sf] ljj/0f cf=j=@)&#÷&$

qm=;+= pBf]usf] lsl;d n3' pBd 3/]n' pBf]u ;fgf pBf]u hDdf
lghL ;fem]bf/L lghL ;fem]bf/L k|f=ln= lghL ;fem]bf/L k|f=ln=
! pTkfbg d'ns 38 4 75 3 0 22582 137 243 3,082
126
qm=;+= pBf]usf] lsl;d n3' pBd 3/]n' pBf]u ;fgf pBf]u hDdf
lghL ;fem]bf/L lghL ;fem]bf/L k|f=ln= lghL ;fem]bf/L k|f=ln=
@ s[lif / jg hGo 71 2 64 2 0 1,797 114 115 2,165
# ko{6g 53 1 0 0 0 926 30 54 1,064
$ lgdf{0f 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 3
% ;]jf 71 1 15 0 0 1,798 127 186 2,198
hDdf 233 8 154 5 0 7,104 410 598 8,512
;|f]tM lhNnf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no, lrtjg
tflnsf %=!( 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] cj:yfsf] ljj/0f
l;=g+= pBf]usf] gfd pBf]u ;+Vof l:y/ k"h
“ L rfn' k"h
“ L jflif{s pTkfbg /f]huf/L k|fKt
-xhf/ ?k}of“df_ -xhf/ ?k}of“df_ -xhf/ ?k}of“df_
! pTkfbg d'ns 3,082 2894024.4 2504654=0 21251404 18,171
@ s[lif / jg hGo 2,165 1741332=8 1381741=8 2716317 7,121
# ko{6g 1,064 848093=6 436339=4 1581037 4,407
$ lgdf{0f 3 23150 5850 16144 18
% ;]jf 2,198 1421477=4 778880 7073661 8,901
;|f]tM lhNnf 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no, lrtjg
tflnsf %=@) lhNnfsf cf}Bf]lus ;"rsx? -!) jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/x? ePsf pBf]ux?_
qm=;+= ljj/0f @)^$ @)^( kl/jt{g b/
! p3f]u k|lti7fgx?sf] ;+Vof 98 159 62=24
@ /f]huf/ k|fKt ug]x{ ?sf] ;+Vof 4307 6263 45=41
# tna,Hofnf tyf cGo ;'ljwf 182688 563522 208=46
$ u0fgfsf] nfut d"No ?=xhf/df 1500128 7134368 375=58
% u0fgfsf] lgu{t d"N0 ?=xhf/df 2029335 9688673 377=43
^ u0fgfsf] d"No clej[lb ?=xhf/df 529207 2554305 382=67
>f]t M pBf]u u0fgfx? @)^(, @)^$
tflnsf %=@! sfdbf/sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df lhNnfsf pBf]ux?sf] ljj/0f
-!) jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/x? ePsf pBf]ux?_
qm=;+= pBf]udf sfd ug]{ pBf]ux?sf] ;+Vof nfut d"No ?=xhf/df lgu{t d"No ?= xhf/df
sfdbf/ ;+Vof 2064 2069 2064 2069 2064 2069
1 10–20 61 92 456655 1318469 580068 1751846
2 20–49 13 41 197204 1565462 297556 1980102
3 50–99 9 9 342896 3704942 408477 4617926
4 100–199 11 10 43344 121950 122051 289174
127
qm=;+= pBf]udf sfd ug]{ pBf]ux?sf] ;+Vof nfut d"No ?=xhf/df lgu{t d"No ?= xhf/df
sfdbf/ ;+Vof 2064 2069 2064 2069 2064 2069
5 200+ 4 7 460029 423545 621183 1049625
hDdf 98 159 1500128 7134368 2029335 9688673
;|f]tM pBf]u u0fgfx? @)^(, @)^$
tflnsf %=@@ lhNnfsf pBf]ux?sf] ljj/0f -!) jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/x? ePsf pBf]ux?_
qm=;+= pBf]usf] j}wflgs l:ylt pBf]ux?sf] ;+Vof nfut d"No ?= xhf/df lgu{t d"No ?= xhf/df
064 2069 2064 2069 2064 2069
1 JolQmut 77 97 584932 2551514 898787 3602654
2 k|f= ln= 13 51 38744 4432296 63322 5869609
3 ;fem]bf/L tyf cGo 8 11 876452 150558 1067226 216410
hDdf 98 159 1500128 7134368 2029335 9688673
%=&= ! vlgh ;Dkbf

o; lhNnfdf vfgLhGo s'g} klg pBf]u 5}gg\ . oxf+ s] s:tf] k|sf/sf] vlgh j:t'x?
pknJw 5g\ eGg] jf/] s'g} cWoog jf vf]h ePsf] kfO{bg} . xfn;Ddsf] ;j]I{ f0f tyf cg'dfg
cg';f/ lgDg :yfgdf lgDg jdf]lhdsf vlgh kbfy{x? kfOG5g .
tflnsf %=@# vlgh ;Dkbf ljj/0f

kmnfd tfdf
of] vlgh kbfy{ lrtjg lhNnfsf] sfGb|fË9L, hL/jfË of] vlgh kbfy{ h"u8] L tyf o;sf] cf;kf;df ePsf]
/ uf]78] f+8fdf ePsf] cg"dfg 5 t/ :t/ / kl/df0f cg"dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
eg] yfxf x'g;s]sf] 5}g .
;|f]tM lhNnf ;"rgf tyf clen]v zfvf, lrtjg
lrtjg lhNnfsf] ljleGg 7fp+df r"g9'u+ f, Sjf6{fh{, kmfOnfO6, h:tf, vlgh kbfy{sf gd"gfx?
kfOPsf 5g . l/UbL vf]nf tyf df8Lsf] du'O{ vf]nfsf] jfn'jfdf ;'g kfOG5 . l/UbL vf]nfsf]
lsgf/df vg]sf] 9"u+ fdf ;"g kfOG5 . df8L If]qsf] blIf0fdf /x]sf] ;f]dZ] j/ 8f+8fsf] km]bL tyf
lrtO{ vf]nfsf] j/k/ sf]Onf vfgL e]6LPsf] 5 . t/ :t/ / kl/df0f eg] yfxf x'g;s]sf] 5}g . To:t}
u/L lrtjg lhNnfdf k]6f« n] vfgL klg ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
%=* ko{6g
lrtjg lhNnf P]ltxfl;s tyf wfld{s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts dxŒj /fVg] :ynx? / ko{6sLo
cfsif{0fsf Vofltk|fKt :ynx?n] el/k"0f{ 5 . lrtjg cg]sf}+ b'ne{ jGohGt', hnr/, r/fr'?ª\uL,
128
sL6\ kt+u, jf]6lj?jfn] ;DkGg h}ljs ljljwtfsf] cg'kd ;+/rgf dflgG5 . ljleGg hghfltx?
/ ltgLx?sf] /xg;xg lrtjgsf] csf]{ cfsif{0f xf] . lrtjgsf] ko{6gsf] cGo cfsif{0fsf ?kdf
u|fdL0f kl/j]z / Toxf+sf ljljw kIfx? klg /x]sf 5g\ . lrtjg jfXo tyf cfGtl/s b'j}
ko{6sLo b[li6sf]0fn] pko'Qm / dxŒjk"0f{ dflgG5 . ko{6sLo lx;fan] o; lhNnfnfO{ g]kfn s}
t]>f] uGtJosf ?kdf dflgG5 .df8Lsf] ;dy/ kmfF6 b]lv l;/fOr'nL 8fF8f;Ddsf] h}ljs ljljwtf,
l;/fOr'nL 8fF8faf6 b]lvg] ;"of]b{ o / uf]nf3f6af6 b]lvg] ;"of{:tsf] ;'Gb/tf,lrtjg /fli6«o
lgs'~hleqsf b'ne{ jGohGt' / ltgsf] ultljlw, b'ne{ jg:klt / l;d;f/ If]q, ;fF:s[lts tyf
hftLo ljljwtf lrtjgsf lrgf/L x'g\ .
^=*=! lrtjgsf] ko{6g l:ylt

lrtjg lhNnf g]kfn cfpg] ko{6sx?sf] d'Vo uGtJo :yndWo] t];f| ] :yfgdf /x]sf]
5 . lrtjgsf] d'Vo ko{6sLo:yn ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;"lrs[t lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h 3'Dg]
ko{6sx? ;g\ !((# b]lv @))# ;Dd lrtjgdf jflif{s %^))) ko{6s cPsf lyP eg] of]
;+Vof j[l4eO{ @))& df *!))) / @))( df !!$))) ko{6s k'us ] f] lyof] . cf=j @)&)÷&!
Dff !,&#<$@%, cf=j= @)&!÷&@ df !,&*,@%& / cf=j= @)&@÷&# df *&,#(! ko{6sx?
cfPsf] b]lvG5 .
/fli6«o lgs'~h jfx]s ljZj ;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;"lrs[t lj;xhf/L tfn, l;/fO{ r"nL, wfld{s
:ynx¿ b]j3f6, lqj]0fL, ljqmdjfjf cflb :yfgdf e|d0f ug{] ko{6sx¿sf] ;+Vof k|;:t 5 t/
o;nfO{ clxn];Dd u0fgf ul/Psf] 5}g . /fli6«o:t/jf6 kf]v/f jfx]s cGo If]qdf hfg] ko{6ssf]
tYofÍ /fVg] Joj:yf gePsf]n] lrtjg jf cGo If]qdf hfg] ;d]t ko{6sx¿sf] ;+Vof pknJw 5}g .
tflnsf %=@$ ko{6g cfudgsf] l:ylt
cf=j= ko{6s ;+Vof hDdf
;fs{ d'ns
' x? afx]s ;fs{ d'ns
' x? g]kfnL
@)&@÷&# 50,193 6,606 30,592 87,391
@)&!÷&@ 1,27,639 14,689 35,929 1,78,257
@)&)÷&! 1,73,425
@)^(÷&) 1,53,749
;|ft] M lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h
;f}/fxf / ;fd'bflos jgx¿ h:t} jf3df/f, 1fg]Zj/ / lrq;]gdf ko{6g cfudgsf]
ljsf;df dflysf] cf+s8fdf Tolt ;xof]u ub{g} g\ lsgls tL :yfgdf hfg]x¿ dWo] g} clwsf+zn]
lgs'~hsf] ;d]t e|d0f u/]s} x'G5 .
ko{6sLo :ynx?
lrtjgdf ko{6g If]qnfO{ df]6fdf]6L?kdf $ efudf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5, h;nfO{ o;/L
k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
129
s_ k|fs[lts :ynx?
/fli6«o lgs'~h, dWojtL{ If]q jg, l;/fxL r'nL -;"o{ pbfPsf] b[Zo b]Vg ;lsg]_ s+sfnL
jg, s'd/f]h jg, af3df/f jg, /Tggu/sf] nf}/L 3f]n, ;tgr'nL, @) xhf/tfn, j}s0' 7tfn,
gGbefph'tfn, kz{/' fds'08, gf/fo0fL gbL cflb o; lhNnfsf k|fs[lts b[Zofjnf]sgsf nflu
dgf]/d :ynsf] ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 .
v_ P]ltxfl;s :ynx?
pk/bfªu9L, ;f]dZ] j/u9L, sljnf;u9L, k/]jfsf]6, s+sfnLsf]6 cflb P]ltxfl;s ko{6sLo
:ynx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
u_ wfld{s :ynx?
b]j3f6, sflnsfdlGb/ lzj3f6, ljqmdjfjf dlGb/, jfuLZj/ dlGb/, lrq;f/L dlGb/,
k~rkf08j, jfNdLls cf>d cflb kb{5g\ . oLdWo] b]j3f6 If]qdf jif{g] L 7"nf] ;+Vofdf tLy{ofqLx¿
cfp"5g\ / ljz]if u/L df3];q+ mflGtdf oxfF 7"nf] d]nf nfUb5 .
3_ ;fF:s[lts If]qx?
o; lhNnfdf ljleGg cflbjf;Lx¿n] j;f]jf; ub{} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] d'Vo ¿kdf r]kfË,
yf?, jf]6,] d';x/, dfemL, b/fO{, s'dfn cflbsf] /xg ;xg e]ife"iff / hLjgz}nL cWoog ug{sf]
nflu of] lhNnf pko'Qm :ynsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .
!= lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h
k|sl[ ts :ynx¿dWo] lr=/f=lg= h}ljs ljljwtfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ljZjdf g} k|Voft 5 /
ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;d]t ;"rLs[t 5 . o; lgs'~hdf $# lsl;dsdf hgfj/x¿sf] j;f]jf;
/x]sf] 5 . Psl;+u] u}8f, hf] ljZjd} nf]k x'g] cj:yfdf k'us
] f] b'ne{ jGohGt' xf], o;sf] jf;:yfg
klg o;} lgs'~hleq ;+/lIft 5 . To:t} b'ne{ jGohGt'sf] ¿kdf ;"rLs[t jf3n] klg o;}
lgs'~hnfO{ cfkm\gf] Kof/f] jf;:yfg jgfPsf] 5 . (#@ ju{ ls=dL= If]qdf km}lnPsf] lgs'~hleq
xfQL k|hgg\ s]Gb|, lu4 tyf 3l8jfn uf]xL ;+/If0f s]Gb|, ljs|dafaf dlGb/,nfdL tfn, tdf]/
tfn /x]sf 5g\ .ljZjjf6 ;dfKt x'bF } uPsf] 3l8ofnnfO{ k|hgg u/L ;+/If0f ug{} sfo{sf] nflu
klg lrtjg k|l;4 5 . $)) eGbf j9L yl/sf r/fx¿ kfOg] lrtjgsf] h+un cg';Gwfgstf{x¿sf
nflu klg cfs{ifs ynf]sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .
130
v08 ^
ef}lts k"jf{wf/
^=! ;8s oftfoft

of] lhNnf b]zsf] dWoefudf cjl:yt ePsf] / o;nfO{ dx]Gb| /fhdfu{n] k"j–{ klZrd x'gu] /L
jLr efujf6 sf6\gs ' f] ;fy} pQ/tkm{ /fhwfgL;+u gf/fo0Fu9–d'UnL8= /fhdfu{ / k[YjL /fhdfu{n]
hf]8s ] f] x'gfn] /fhdfu{sf] nDjfO{ j9L 5 . To:t} k|fo d}bfgL efudf cjl:yt -;fljssf gf}
kxf8L uf=lj=;= jfx]s_ ePsf]n] oxf+ ufp+ s'gf sfKrfdf ;d]t jf6f]÷;8s k'us ] f] 5 . tL s'gf
sfKrfdf k'us ] f sRrL ;8sx?sf] ;+rfngdf sl7gfO{ ePtfklg lhNnfjf;Lx?sf] ;8s
oftfoftdf kx'r + /fd|f] 5 .
lrtjg lhNnfsf] ;8s tyf oftfoftsf] l:yltnfO{ ;du|df x]bf{ o; lhNnfsf] ;8ssf]
nDjfO{ jf/] b'O{ y/L tYofÍ e]l6G5 . klxnf] l8lehg ;8s sfof{no sf] tYofÍ cg';f/
lhNnfe/Ldf ;j} :t/sf -sfnf]kq], u|fe]n tyf sRrL ;8s_ u/L hDdf %&^ ls=dL= ;8s
5 . csf],{ lhNnf oftfoft u'? of]hgf (District TransportMaster Plan) sf] tYofÍ cg';f/
lhNnfe/Ldf hDdf !^#!=*^ ls=dL= ;8s 5 . t/ DTMP sf] tYofÍdf lhNnf el/sf ;+k0" f{
uf]/6] f]/ 3f]86] f] Pj+ sRrL ;8sx?nfO{ klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . oxf+ ;8s l8lehg sfof{nosf]
tYofÍ jdf]lhd jfx|} dlxgf oftfoft ;+rfng ug{ ;Dej ePsf sRrL ;8ssf] nDjfO{ dfq
;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
Ps cf+s8f cg';f/ lhNnfsf] s'n ;8s nDjfO{ *#& ls=dL= 5 h; dWo] sfnf] kq]
;8ssf] nDjfO{ @@% ls=dL= 5 . o; lhNnfdf # j6f /fli6«o /fhdfu{ x? kb{5g\ . o; dWo]
df]jf vf]nfb]lv d'lUnË;Dd !& ls=dL= ;8s k[YjL /fhdfu{df kb{5 eg] d'lUnËb]lv gf/fo0fu9
;Dd #^ ls=dL= d'lUnË–gf/fo0fu9 /fhdfu{ / gf/fo0fu9 b]lv /Tggu/, k;f{ ahf/, e08f/f
x'bF } nf]y/;Dd #^ ls=dL= dx]Gb| /fhdfu{sf] v08 u/L hDdf *( ls=dL= v08 /fli6«o /fhdfu{df
kb{5 . o; jfx]s afFsL &( ls=dL= sfnf]kq] ;8s e/tk'/ gu/kflnsf, /Tggu/ gu/kflnsf
tyf cGo gu/kflnsf If]q leq tyf ljleGg 7fpFx?nfO{ ;b/d'sfd ;Dd hf]8g\ ] lhNnf ;8ssf]
ju{df kb{5g\ .
e/tk'/ xjfO{ d}bfg sfnf]kq] 5 / of] lgoldt?kdf ;+rfngdf 5 . csf{] xjfO{ d}bfg
d]3f}nLdf 5 / of] xfn ;+rfngdf 5}g . lqz'nL / gf/fo0fL gbLdf 8'u+ f4f/f ¥ofkm\l6u+
ul/G5 . dgsfdgf s]an' sf/sf] k|jz ] 4f/ o;} lhNnfdf kb{5 .
131
tflnsf ^=! ;8s k"jf{wf/sf] l:ylt

qm=;= ljj/0f ls=dL s}lkmot
! ;8s oftfoft
sfnf] kq] @@%
u|fj|n] ;8s $@@
sRrL ;8s !()
@ xjfO{ d}bfg @ e/tk'/ / d]3f}nL
# /fhdfu{ **=&)
;|f]tM lhNnf ;"rgf tyf clen]v zfvf, lrtjg–@)&)
lhNnf ;b/d'sfd;+u lhNnfsf cGo uf=k=tyf g=kf= x?nfO{ hf]8g\ ] d'Vo dfu{sf] ?kdf
/x]sf ;8sx?sf] ljj/0f lgDg jdf]lhd 5g\M
tflnsf ^=@ lhNnfsf d'Vo ;8s dfu{sf] ljj/0f

qm=;+ ;8s If]q ljj/0f nDjfO{
!= e/tk'/, lutfgu/, kl6xfgL, hutk'/, ubL{, j3f}8f, sNof0fk'/, cof]Wofk'/L ^* ls=dL=
-gf/fof0fu9 7f]/] L ;8s_
@= e/tk'/, /Tggu/, r}gk'/, e08f/f, lkKn] -pQ/fv08 ;8s_ #) ls=dL=
#= e/tk'/, d+unk'/, km'njf/L, lzjgu/, kfj{tLk'/, z"qmgu/, d]3f}nL -b]lj:yfg_ #) ls=dL=
$= e/tk'/, d+unk'/, zf/fbfgu/, u'Ghgu/, lbJogu/, d]3f}nLsf] lhtk'/ ;Dd @* ls=dL=
%= e/tk'/, /Tggu/, h'6kfgL, zlQmvf]/ @^ ls=dL=
;|f]tM lhNnf ;"rgf tyf clen]v zfvf, lrtjg @)&)
lhNnfdf sfnf]kq] / u|fj]n ;8s jfx]s sRrL ;8sx?sf] nDjfO{ !@^ ls=dL= 5 . oL
;8sx? w]/h} ;f] d}bfgL efudf /x]sf ePklg kxf8L If]qsf ;fljssf ( uf=lj=;= x?df d'VotM
uf]/6] f] / 3f]86] ]F sf] ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ . lo ;8sx? dWo] u|fdL0f s[lif ;8s sfo{qmd cGt/ut
lh=;=;=åf/f lgld{t ef]n–{] bfxfvfgL ;8s klg kb{5 .
^=@ xjfO{ ;]jf

lrtjg lhNnf oftfoftsf] dWoljGb' ePsfn] o; lhNnfdf @ j6f xjfO{ d}bfg /x]sf
5g\ . e/tk'/ ljdfg:yn k"0f{?kn] sfnf]kq] / lgoldt?kdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . csf{] xjfO{
d}bfg d]3f}nLdf 5 / of] sRrL 5 xfn ;+rfngdf klg 5}g .
^=# ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/

cfhsf] o'u ;~rf/sf] o'u xf] . dfgjLo r]tgfsf] ljsf;, ljleGg ljsf; ;DjGwL r]tgfx?,
pTkfbsTj a[l4sf nflu cfjZos 1fg cflb ;~rf/sf] dfWodx?n] ;d'bfo:t/df k'¥ofpg]
132
ePsf]n] lhNnfsf] b|t' Q/ ljsf; ug{ ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] Jofks k|of]u ug'k{ g]{ b]lvPsf] 5 .
lrtjg klg ;~rf/ dfWodx?sf] ljsf; ePsf] lhNnfsf] ?kdf lrlgG5 . o; lhNnfdf
ljleGg k|sf/sf x'nfsx?, 6]lnkmf]g nfO{g, df]jfO{n ;]jf, kqklqsfx?, k]h/, 5fkfvfgfx?, Pkm\=
Pd\= ;]jf, 6L=jL= ;]jf, PS;k|;] 8]lne/L, Od]n, O{G6/g]6 / rnlrq ejgx? 5g\ . o; lhNnfdf
;~rf/sf k|dv ' ;fwg x'nfskl5 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf g} cfp+5 .
lhNnfdf ;~rf/ k|0ffnL cGtu{t x'nfs ;]jf, 6]lnkmf]g÷6]nS] ;, Od]n, O{G6/g]6, /fli6«o tyf
:yfgLo kqklqsf, /]l8of], k]lhª, ;/sf/L / gLlh PS;k|;] 8]lne/L, :yfgLo Pkm\=Pd\= /]l8of], /]l8of]
g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo k|;f/0f l/n] :6]zg, rnlrq ejgx? cflb ;]jf ;'ljwfx? pknJw 5g\ .
tflnsf ^=# lhNnfdf ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ dfWod ljj/0f

Onfsf x'nfs !#
kqklqsf !&
s]an' 6L=le !%
:yfgLo 6L=le ^
5fkfvfgf @%
cGt/fli6«o OG6/g]6 ;]jf k|bfos %
rnlrq xn !! -^ j6f dfq} ;+rfngdf /x]sf]_
sDKo'6/ ;DjlGw tflnd lbg] s]Gb| $)
;|f]tM lhNnf ;"rgf tyf clen]v zfvf, lrtjg
^=#=! lhNnf x'nfssf] l:ylt
o; lhNnfsf] ;j} If]qdf x'nfs ;]jf k'us] f] 5 . oxf+sf x'nfs sfo{fnox?dWo] !# j6}
x'nfsdf wgfb]z ;'ljwf pknJw x'gs ' f ;fy} e/tk'/ l:yt lhNnf x'nfs / /fdk'/ l:yt Onfsf
x'nfsdf x'nfs art a}s + ;'ljwf klg pknJw 5 . o;sf ;fy} e/tk'/ l:yt lhNnf x'nfsdf
kf]i6 aS; ;]jf / oxf+jf6 b|Q" 8fs\;j] f klg ;~rflnt 5 . lhNnfdf pknJw x' n fs
;]jfx?sf] cjl:ylt ljj/0f lgDg /x]sf 5g\ .
tflnsf ^=$ x'nfs ;DaGwL ljj/0f

qm=;= ljj/0f ;+Vof s}lkmot
! lhNnf x'nfs !
@ Onfsf x'nfs !# k|To]s Onfsfdf, wgfb]z ;'ljwf ;lxt
# cltl/Qm x'nfs @%
$= x'nfs jrt a}s @ /fdk'/ Onfsf x'nfs / e/tk'/ lhNnf x'nfsdf
;|f]t M lhNnf x'nfs sfo{fno, lrtjg
133
&=$=@ b"/ ;~rf/ -6]lnsd ;]jf_
o; lhNnfsf ! j6f dxf g=kf= ;lxt % j6f gu/kflnsf If]q nufot 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k'us
] f
uflj; ;+Vof ( k'us] f] 5 . 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf k'Ug g;s]sf ;fljssf & uflj;x?df dxfef/tsf]
kxf8L If]qsf nf]y/, sfpn], sf]/fs, l;l4, rl08e~Hofª, zlQmvf]/ / bfxfvfgL x'g\ .
tflnsf ^=% g]kfn 6]lnsdsf] ;]jf ;DaGwL ljj/0f –@)&#

qm=;+= ljj/0f ;+Vof
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;|f]tM g]kfn 6]lnsd, zfvf sfof{no, lrtjg
&=$=# kqsf/Ltf
lhNnfdf kqsfl/tfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu Pjd\ kqsfl/tfsf] xs clwsf/sf] nflu g]kfn

k|qfsf/ dxf;+3sf] :yfkgf lj=;=@)!@ df s]Gb|df :yfkgf eP klg lrtjgdf @)$& ;fndf
g]kfn k|qfsf/ dxf;+3, lrtjgn] dfGotf kfof] . kqfsfl/tfsf] Oltxf; kN6fpFbf lhNnf k|zf;g
sfof{no, lrtjgdf btf{ ePsf] klxnf] klqsf k|jfx xf] . xfn lrtjgdf % j6f b}lgs klqsfx?
lgoldt ?kdf k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ .o; lhNnfdf b}lgs, ;fKtflxs, kflIfs, dfl;s ?kdf
kqklqsfx¿ k|sfzg x'g] ub{5g\ . hgtfnfO{ ;"rgfx¿ ;'–;"lrt u/fpg p2]Zon] lrtjgdf rf/
lsl;dsf kqsfl/tf b]Vg ;lsG5 .
s= 5fkf kqsfl/tfM ;a}eGbf k"/fgf] kqsfl/tfsf] ?kdf 5fkf kqsf/Ltf g} kb{5 . o;sf]
dfWodfjf6 ;j{ ;fwf/0fnfO{ ;'–;"lrt ug{] sfo{df 7"nf] of]ubfg k'us
] f]
5 . lrtjgsf 5fkf dfWodx? o; k|sf/ 5g\ .
134
tflnsf ^=^ lrtjgsf kqklqsf ljj/0f

b}lgs ;fKtflxs cw{ ;fKtflxs dfl;s
lrtjg kf]i6 pHofnf] PS;k|;] lrtjg va/ gf/fo0fL 6'8]
kf/bzL{ b}lgs lrtjg ;fKtflxs
sfofs}/g r'/] ;Gb]z
nf]stGq ;Gb]z hg ck{0f
;~rf/kq hf]z
cy{ ;dfrf/
cfqmd0f
/fhwfgL cf:yf
;u/dfyf g]kfn
lrtjg bk{0f
;|f]tM g]kfn kqfsf/ ;+3, lrtjg zfvf
v= /]l8of] kqsfl/tf M :yfgLo /]l8of]sf] ?kdf lrtjgdf !% j6f Pkm\=Pd\= 5g\ . o;sf]
;fy} u}8+ fsf]6df /x]sf] ;fd'bflos Pkm\=Pd\= /]l8of]n] klg of]
lhNnfnfO{ ;'–;"lrt u/fpg] sfo{df ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . oxfF /]l8of]
kqsfl/tfsf] k|efj lbgfg'lbg a9\b|} uPsf] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf ^=& /]l8of]x?sf]] ljj/0f

lrtjgsf /] l 8of] x ¿M
• sflnsf Pkm Pd • l;ghL{ Pkm Pd
• xfd|f] Pkm Pkm • /]l8of] lqj]0fL
• /]l8of] lrtjg • /]l8of] gf/fo0fL
• /]l8of] w|j' tf/f • /]l8of] b]j3f6
• /]l8of] ck{0f • l;/fOr'nL PkmPd
• sflnsf (! • u|6] Pkm Pd
• l/n]zg Pkm Pd • /]l8of] ;Dkbf
• /]l8of] lzjzlQm
;|f]tM g]kfn kqsf/ ;+3, lrtjg zfvf
u= 6] l nlehg kqsf/LtfM lrtjgdf xfn ^ j6f 6]lnlehgx?n] ;d'bfodf ;"rgf Pj+

dgf]/~hg k|bfg u/L :yfgLo ;d'bfox?nfO{ ;";l' rt ul//x]sf
5g\ .
135
tflnsf ^=* 6]lnlehgx?sf] ljj/0f

lrtjgsf 6]lnlehg
a];f] Rofgn lqmi6n 6]lnlehg cleofg 6]lnlehg
gd:t] 6]lnlehg cfefif 6]lnlehg l6eL sflnsf
;|f]tM g]kfn kqsf/ ;+3, lrtjg zfvf
3= j]ek]h kqsf/Ltf M o; lhNnfdf O{dn] , O{G6/g]6sf] dfWodåf/f klg ;"rgf tyf tYof+sx?
k|jfx x'g] u/]sf] kfO{G5 . o:t}} ul/ O{G6/g]6sf] s]lx 7fp lnP/ cf—
cfkm\gf] ;"rgf tyf tYof+x? nfO{ /fli6«o cGt/fli6«o:t/df g} k|jfx
ul/Psf] kfO{G5 . cf–cfk\mgf] ;"rgfnfO{ lrgfpg] pb]Zon] lrtjg
lhNnfdf s]lx k|fO{e6] / s]lx ;/sf/L sfo{nox?n] cfcfkm\gf] k|ult,
kl/ro, k|bfg ul/g] ;]jf;'ljwfx?nfO{ j]e;fO{6df /fv]sf 5g\ .
^=$ ljB't tyf j}slNks phf{

lhNnfsf] k|dv
' gbLx?af6 ljB't ljsf; ug{] ;+efjgf eP tfklg xfn;Dd ;fgf vf]nfx?sf
;fgf hn ljB't\ cfof]hgfaf6 sl/a @% lsnf]jf6 ljB't lgsflnPsf] 5 . lhNnfsf !
dxfgu/kflnsf, % gu/kflnsf / ! ufpFkflnsfx?df ljB't ;]jf pknAw 5g\ eg] kxf8L e]usf
kg]{ gu/kflnsf / ufpFkflnssf sltko j8fx?df xfn;Dd ljB't ;'ljwf k'us ] f] 5}g . df8L
gu/kflnsfsf hgtf ljB't ;]jfsf] pkef]uaf6 cfPsf]df a+l~rt /xb} cfPsf]df xfn ljB't ;]jf
k'¥ofpg] sfo{ ;+rfngdf e}/fv]sf]] 5 . ;Lldt / l:y/ cfk'lt{, a9\bf] dfu / cToflws r'xfj6
-rf]/L_ k|dv
' ;d:ofsf] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf] 5 . lrtjg nf]8 ;]l8Ëaf6 d'Qm lhNnf xf] .lrtjg
hnljB't pTkfgsf] lx;fjn] sl/a @#@=*^ d]ufjf6 ;DefJotf af]ss ] f] lhNnf xf] .
tflnsf ^=( ljB't ;DefJotf ljj/0f

l;=g+= cfof]hgfsf] gfd vf]nf Ifdtf -d]=jf=_
! ySnfg ;GwL vf]nf 0=934
@ l/UbL vf]nf l/UbL 0=532
# nf]y/ vf]nf P P;Prlk nf]y/ 0=9
$ nf]y/ vf]nf P;Prlk nf]y/ 0=999
% rfbgL l/UbL n'k' Prlklk l/UbL 4=5
^ ;Kt u08sL gf/fo0fL 225
hDdf 232=865
;|ft] M lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, lrtjg
136
hgu0fgfsf] Kf|fKt glthfdf cfwf/df lhNNffsf w]/h} ;f] 3/kl/jf/x¿n] cfkm" a;f]af; u/]sf]
3/÷cfjf;Lo OsfOdf aQL afNgsf nflu cS;/ lah'nL k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . ut
@)%* ;fnsf] hgu0fgfdf lah'nL k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/ ^&=() k|ltzt /x]sf]df @)^* df *%=(#
k|ltzt k'us ] f] 5 . ut hgu0fgfdf aQL afNgsf nflu cS;/ dl6t]n k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/
#)=$( k|ltzt /x]sf]df xfn 36]/ %=$% k|ltzt dfq b]lvPsf] 5 . aQL afNgsf nflu cS;/
;f]nf/ / cGo OGwg k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/ qmdzM %=^$ / @=#@ k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . uf]a/UofF;
k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/x¿ s]jn )=@% k|ltzt dfq /x]sf 5g\ . df8L If]qdf ;f]n/ k|of]u ug]{
kl/jf/x?sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf ^=!) cS;/ aQL jfNg] ;|f]t cg';f/ kl/jf/ ;+Vof

hDdf cS;/ aQL afNg] ;|ft]
lah'nL dl§t]n afof]UofF; ;f}o{ cGo gv'n]sf]
1,32,345 1,13,728 7,211 333 7,468 3,066 539
100=00 85=93 5=45 0=25 5=64 2=32 0=41
;|f]tM /fli6«o hgu0fgf, @)^*
^=$=! ;f}o{ phf{
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt @)&$ cfiff9sf] tYofs cg';f/ !@,#** ;f}o{ kmf]6f]ef]N6fOs -;f]nf/
xf]d l;:6d_ lrtjg lhNnfsf ljleGg uf=k= tyf g=kf=df h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . !@,#** 3/df
cg'bfgdf / sltko 3/df ;/sf/L cg'bfg ljgf g} zx/L If]qdf h8fg ul/Psf] kfOG5 . ;a}
eGbf a9L df8L g=kf=df &,*^^ / To;kl5 O{R5fsfdg ufp‘kflnsfdf h8fg ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .
tflnsf ^=!! uf=k= tyf g=kf=x?df hl8t ;f]nf/ xf]d l;:6dsf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= Uff=lj=;=÷g=kf= hDdf ;+Vof qm=;+= Uff=lj=;=÷g=kf= hDdf ;+Vof
! df8L &,*^^ !@ /fKtL !,)%$
@ sflnsf &@$ !# e/tk'/ @)
$ OR5fsfdgf @,&@) !% /Tggu/ $
hDdf ;+Vof M !@#**
;|f]tM lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, lrtjg
tflnsf ^=!@ lrtjg lhNnfdf k|of]u eO/x]sf j}slNks pmhf{ k|ljlwx?

qm=;+= k|0ffnLsf] ljj/0f g]kfn ;/sf/ s}lkmot
cg'bfgjf6 ag]sf k|0ffnL
! jfof]Uof; @)@& cf=j=)^(.&) b]lv )&#.&$ ;Dd
@ 3/]n' ;f}o{ ljB't k|0ffNfL !@#**
137
qm=;+= k|0ffnLsf] ljj/0f g]kfn ;/sf/ s}lkmot

cg'bfgjf6 ag]sf k|0ffnL
# kLsf] xfO8«f] -k]lN6«s ;]6_ & j6f -hDdf Ifdtf @@ ls=jf=_
$ df6f]sf] ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] #)!&
% u|fld0f ;f}o{ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf
s= yfsn6f/ u|fld0f ;f}o{ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf @#*) jf6lks AEPC af6 cg'bfg :jLs[t
v= yfd8fF8f u|fld0f ;f}o{ vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf AEPC af6 k|ltj]bg :jLs[t x'g] qmddf
tflnsf ^=!# lrtjg lhNnfdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf k]N6«Ls ;]6sf] ljj/0f

qm=;= lksf] xfO8f]« kl/of]hgf hDdf ls=jf6 uf=k= tyf g=kf= pkof]u ug]{ 3/w'/L s}lkmot
! o'QmL vf]nf] lksf] xfO8«f] # /fKtL– !@,lt?jf #@
@ yfsn6f/ vf]nf lksf] !=% /fKtL– !! #%
# lbxL6f/ lksf] xfO8«f] $ /fKtL– !@ $$
$ hf]lugL vf]nf lksf] xfO8«f] @=% /fKtL– !@ %@
% b]lj6f/ lksf] xfO8«f] % /fKtL– !@ (!
^ l;l4 lksf] xfO8«f] # sflnsf g=kf= ^) cg'bfg ljgf lgdf{0f
& 7f8f] vf]nf lksf] xfO8«f] # OR5fsfdgf uf=k= &) cg'bfg ljgf lgdf{0f
;|f]tM lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, lrtjg
^=$=@ uf]j/Uof“; -jfof] Uof“;_
Ps ;e{s] f cg';f/ b]zdf sl/a @! nfv jfof] Uof;sf] Ifdt /x]sf] 5 . To;df klg !#
nfv KnfG6 h8fg ug{ pko'Qm b]lvG5 . lrtjgfdf dfq} %&,!!% jfof] Uof; h8fg ug{
;lsG5 . t/ xfn lrtjgdf sl/a !$))) eGbf a9L afof]Uof; h8fg e} ;s]sf cg'dfg
5 . cg'bfg lnP/ afof]Uof‘; h8fg ug]x{ ?sf] ;+Vof @,)@& /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf ^=!$ lrtjg lhNnfdf cg'bfgdf hl8t uf]a/UofF; k|of]u ug]]{ 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f
qm=;+= Uff=k==÷g=kf= hDdf ;+Vof qm=;+= Uff=k=÷g=kf= hDdf ;+Vof
! df8L @(& @ /fKtL @$$
# sflnsf #** $ e/tk'/ %^&
% OR5fsfdgf !# ^ /Tggu/ @@)
& v}/xgL @(*
hDdf ;+Vof M @,)@&
138
tflnsf ^=!% lrtjg lhNnfdf hgu0fgfsf]

cfwf/df hl8t uf]a/UofF; k|of]u ug]{ 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f+
qm=;=+ Uff=k==÷g=kf= hDdf ;+Vof qm=;+= Uff=k=÷g=kf= hDdf ;+Vof
! df8L 1,266 @ /fKtL 851
# sflnsf 609 $ e/tk'/ 5,881
% OR5fsfdgf 23 ^ /Tggu/ 2,163
& v}/xgL 1,455
hDdf ;+Vof M !@,@#*
;|f]tM /fli6«o hgu0fgf, @)^*
^=$=# ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf]
lhNnfdf :yfgLo :t/df pknAwx'g] df6f], O{6f ;u} lrDgL :yfkgu/L agfOPsf cgluGtL
r'nf]x? 5g\ . ltgLx?nfO{ cg]sf} ;+:yfx?n] ;xof]u klg u/]sf 5g\ .l;=cf/=l6=Pg sf] tYof+s
cg';f/ ljleGg uf=k= tyf g=kf=x?sf #,)!& 3/w'/Ldf :yfkgf ul/Psf] ;'wfl/Psf r'nf]x?sf]
ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5 .
tflnsf ^=!^ lrtjg lhNnfdf ;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] k|of]u ug]{ 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f
l;=g+ uf=k= tyf g=kf=sf] gfd hDdf ;+Vof l;=g+= uf=k= tyf g=kf=sf] gfd hDdf ;+Vof
! e/tk'/ d=g=kf= 1,701 @ sflnsf g=kf= 228
# df8L g=kf= 19 $ /fKtL g=kf= 123
% v}/xgL g=kf= 59 ^ OR5fsfdgf uf=k= 887
;|f]tM u|fdL0f pmhf{ k|ljlw s]|Gb
^=$=$ kl/jf/df vfgf ksfpg cS;/ k|of]u ul/g] OGwg

/fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^* sf] glthfn] lhNnfsf s'n kl/jf/ dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L kl/jf/n]
vfgf ksfpg cS;/ sf7÷bfp/f g} k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . s'n kl/jf/sf] $(=)^
k|ltztn] vfgf ksfpg cS;/ bfp/f k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
ljut hgu0fgfdf Pn=lk= UofF; k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/x¿ @%=%% /x]sf]df o; hgu0fgfdf
pNn]Vo j[l4 eO{ #(=&) k|ltzt k'us ] f] 5 . To:t} xfn vfgf ksfpg cS;/ uf]a/UofF; k|of]u
ug]s { f] lx:;f (=@% k|ltzt jf !@,@#* kl/jf/x? /x]sf 5g\ h'g bz aif{ cl3 dfq ^,$#)
-^=(@ Kf|ltzt_ 3/kl/jf/n] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf lyP . vfgf ksfpg cS;/ dl6t]n, Pn=lk=UofF;,
u'O7{ f÷uf]/fxf, uf]a/UofF;, lah'nL / cGo OGwg k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/sf] k|ltzt qmdzM )=&%
#(=&), )=!!, (=@%, )=!* / )=%! /x]sf] 5 .
139
;fnsf] hgu0fgfdf wf/f÷kfOkaf6 lkpg] kfgL
tflnsf ^=!& lrtjg lhNnfdf vfgf

ksfpg k|of]u ug]{ OGwgsf] cfwf/df 3/w'/Lsf] ljj/0f
hDdf vfgf ksfpg cS;/ k|of]u ul/g] OGwg
sf7÷ bfp/f dl6t]n Pn lk Uof; u'O{7f uf]a/ UofF; ljh'nL cGo gv'n]sf]
1,32,345 64,933 997 52,545 211 12,238 234 669 518
100=00 49=06 0=75 39=70 0=16 9=25 0=18 0=51 0=39
;|f]tM /fli6«o hgu0fgfsf] k|ltj]bgM @)^*
zx/L If]qdf vfgf ksfpg cS;/ Pn=lk=UofF; k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/x¿sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] 5
eg] u|fdL0f If]qdf sf7÷bfp/f tyf uf]a/UofF; k|of]u ug]{ kl/jf/sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .
^=% vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{

lhNnfdf s/La *% k|ltzt kl/jf/ Jojl:yt vfg]kfgLaf6 nfeflGjt 5g\ eg] !% k|ltzt
kl/jf/ o;af6 jl~rt 5g\ . kfgLsf] d'xfg ;'Sb} hfg', >f]t ;+/If0fdf Tolt Wofg ghfg',
;+/rgfx? af9L klx/]f, e"sDksf] sf/0f elTsgfn] cfk"lt{df s7LgfO{ x'g,' kxf8L If]qdf a:tLx?
5l/P/ /x]sf x'gfn] vfg]kfgLsf] ;'ljwf lj:tf/df a9L vlr{nf] x'g,' vfg]kfgL lj:tf/ /
Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo ;xeflutf / of]ubfg Go"g /xg', ;dGjosf] cefj cfbL ;d:ofsf ?kdf
b]vf k/]sf 5g\ .
ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx?df *) k|ltzt /f]usf sf/0f, k|of{Kt / :t/Lo vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf]
;]jf k|fKt gx'gfn], k|dv
' ?kdf emf8f kvnf, 6fOkmfO8 / cfpF h:tf kfgLhGo /f]ux?af6 lkl8t
ePsf] Ps cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5 . xfd|f] b]zdf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOsf] of]hgfj4 ljsf;sf]
cjwf/0ff rf}yf] k~rjlif{o of]hgf -;g !(&)–!(&%_ cjlwjf6 z'? ePtf klg, ;+oQ' m /fi6«;3 + sf]
;g !(*)–!(() sf] bzsnfO{ cGt{/fli6«o vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ bzssf] ?kdf dfGg] 3f]if0f
u/]kl5 d'Vo k|fyldstf kfPsf]] b]lvG5 .
o; lhNnfdf s"n slt vfg]kfgL s"g >f]tjf6 cfk"lt{ x'G5 eGg] e/kbf]{ tYofÍsf] cefj
g} ePklg, ljleGg >f]tjf6 ;+slnt tYof+ssf] cfwf/df / vfg]kfgL l8lehgjf6 k|fKt tYof+s
ljZn]if0f ubf{ pQm sfof{nojf6 sfof{GjLt Pj+ ;+rflnt vfg]kfgL of]hgfx?jf6 o; lhNnfdf
vfg]kfgL pknJw eO{/x]sf] b]lvG5 . o; jfx]s lrtjg lhNnfdf cGo ljleGg lgsfox?jf6 klg
vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{sf] sfo{ eO{/x]sf] 5 . To:t} pkef]Qmfx?n] cfkmg} k|of;df klg k|z:t vfg]kfgL
of]hgfx?, Ogf/, s'jf, 6o"jj]n cflb ;~rfng u/]sf] b]Vg ;lsG5 .
/fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^* glthfcg';f/ o; lhNnfsf s'n ! nfv #@ xhf/ #$% kl/jf/
dWo] #$=(* k|ltzt kl/jf/n] wf/f÷kfOk, 6\oj' j]n÷xft] kDkaf6 $(=@^ k|ltzt, 9flsPsf]
Ogf/÷s'jfaf6 &=(% k|ltzt, %=%) k|ltztn] v'nf Ogf/÷s'jfaf6 lkpg] kfgL d'Vo¿kdf
cfk"lt{ ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . d"n wf/f, gbL÷vf]nf / cGo ;|ft] af6 lkpg] kfgL cfk"lt{ ug]{
kl/jf/x¿ s'n kl/jf/sf] qmdzM )=$*, )=#& / )=#( k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ . ljut @)%*
140
cfk"lt{ ug]{ kl/jf/sf] k|ltzt #)=^@ tyf 6\oj' j]n÷xft] kDkaf6 %@=!% k|ltzt kl/jf/x?n]
cfk"lt{ u/]sf lyP . o;/L x]bf{ ljut Ps bzsdf wf/f÷kfOkaf6 lkpg] kfgL cfk"lt{ ug]{ kl/jf/
sl/a $ k|ltztn] dfq a9]sf] b]lvG5 . sl/a & k|ltzt kl/jf/ cem}klg c;'/lIft kfgL lkpg
afWo 5g\ .
tflnsf ^=!* vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]t cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof

hDdf lkpg] kfgLsf] ;|ft]
wf/f jf 6\oj' a]n 9flsPsf] g9flsPsf] d"n wf/f gbL jf cGo gv'n]sf]
kfOk jf xft] kDk Ogf/ jf s'jf Ogf/ jf s'jf vf]nf
1,32,345 46,289 65,189 10,528 7,277 639 491 1,414 518
100.00 34=98 49=26 7=95 5=50 0=48 0=37 1=07 0=39
^=%=! ;/;kmfO
lrtjg lhNnfnfO{ v'nf lbzfd'Qm If]q 3f]if0f ul/;lsPsfn] oxfsf clwsf+z dflg;x?n]
zf}rfno k|of]u u5{g\ . (( k|ltztn] zf}rfno k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf] vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg
sfof{nosf] tYof+sdf pNn]v 5 . t/ lj=;= @)^* sf] hgu0fgfsf] k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df sl/a
($ k|ltzt 3/kl/jf/x?n] rkL{sf] k|of]u u/]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 To;dWo] sl/a &( k|ltzt
3/kl/jf/sf] cfw'lgs rkL{ /x]sf] 5 .
^=^ hn oftfoft
gf/fo0fL gbLdf hn oftfoftsf] ;Defjgf ePtfklg xfn;Dd o;sf] ljsf; x'g ;s]sf]
5}g . lqz'nL / gf/fo0fL gbLdf ko{6sx? ¥ofkm\l6ªsf] nflu cfpg] u5{g\ . ¥ofkm\l6ª lkml:nª,
s'/Lg3f6, d'lUng, ufO{3f6, h'u8] L, b]j3f6 x'b} gf/fo0fu9;Dd ;+rfng x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
141
v08 &
;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ tyf ;]jf
&=! lzIff
lzIff JolQm Pj+ ;dfh ljsf;sf] nflu d]?b08 xf] . lzIff ljgf b]z ljsf;sf] sNkgf
klg ug{ ;lsb}g+ . JolQmnfO{ ;fdflhsLs/0f ug{ lZfIffn] 7"nf] ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] x'G5 . cfhsf]
lbgdf lzIff xfl;n ug{ ljBfnodf cWoog ug{ hfg] afnjflnsfx? g} ef]lnsf] b]zsf] s0f{wf/
x'g] x'bF f klg lzIffnfO{ olt w]/} dxŒj lbg'k/]sf] :ki6 x'G5 . elGfG5, lzIff g} ;fdflhs
kl/jt{gsf afxs x'g\ . To;}n] of] klg la;{g' x'bF g} ls ;Dk'0f{ z}lIfs k|lqmofsf] s]Gb| ljBfyL{
x'g\ . o; lhNnfsf z}lIfs ;"rsf+sx¿df pNn]Vo ;'wf/ ePsf] kfOb}g . lhNnfdf :yfkgf ePsf
ljBfnox? Dffgj al:tsf] cfwf/df :yfkgf u/L lzIff k|bfg u/sf] kfO{G5 . lhNnfsf] dxŒjk'0f{
:yn, Jofkfl/s s]Gb|nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ lghL, SofDk;, pRr df=lj=sf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . t/
o:tf lghL ljBfno tyf SofDk; Pj+ pRr df=lj=x? Efg] oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf / DfWod jlu{o
dfgj al:tdf a9L ePsf] kfO{G5 .
ljutsf] cj:yf
lj=;+= @))& ;fndf b]zdf k|hftGq k|fKtL cuf8L o; lhNnfdf s'g} klg z}lIfs ;+:yf
ePsf] e]l6+bg} eg] k|hftGq jxfnL kZrft\ lj=;+= @))( ;fndf tTsfnLg efiff kf7zfnfsf]
;/sf/L b/jGbLsf ! hgf lzIfsjf6 s]xL dlxgf rfqfË / kl5 tTsflng ;b/d'sfd pkbf{Ëu9L
d'gL z]/jf;sf] Pp6f 7f+6Ldf lrtjgsf] klxnf] ;/sf/L kf7zfnf ;~rfng ePsf] lyof] . To:t}
gf/fo0fL gbLsf] lsgf/sf] 7f+6Ldf @)!! ;fn df3 ! ut] b]lv…;xsf/L ldl8n :s"nÚ klg
;~rfng ePsf] kfO{G5 . o;k|sf/ @)!! ;fn;Dd o; lhNnfdf z]/jf; -em'jfgLsf] ;/sf/L
efiff kf7zfnf !, lghL:t/df ;~rflnt k"j{ lrtjg v}/xgLsf] kf7zfnf !, kl6xfgLsf] ljqmd
kf7zfnf !, / gf/fo0Fu9df ;~rflnt ldl8n :s"n ! ;d]t u/L hDdf $ j6f ljBfnox?
;~rfng ePsf] kfO{G5 .
k|hftGq jxfnLsf] Ps bzs leq @)!& ;fn ;Dddf o; lhNnfdf @@ k|fylds ljBfno,
$@ lzIfs / @^$ hgf ljBfyL{ ePsf] tYofÍ e]l6G5 . @)!* ;fndf :yflkt lrtjg xfO{:s"n
o; lhNnfsf] klxnf] dfWolds ljBfno xf] eg] @)@@ ;fndf :yflkt jL/]Gb| O{G6/ sn]h -xfn
jL/]Gb| jx'dv
' L SofDk;, e/tk'/_ pRrlzIffsf] k|bfg ug]{ klxnf] sn]h xf] .lj=;+= @)@^ ;fndf
emfkf lhNnfdf h:t} o; lhNnfdf klg clgjfo{ lgMz'Ns k|fylds lzIFf -hUuf lj3§Ldf cfwfl/t
z'Ns_ nfu" eof] . To:t} @)@* ;fndf kxf8L lhNnfx?dWo] sf:sL / t/fO{sf lhNnfx?dWo]
142
lrtjg /fi6«Lo lzIff k4ltsf] of]hgf -gof+ lzIff of]hgf_ k|ydr/0Fdf kl/If0fsf] ?kdf nfu"
ug{sf] lglDt 5gf}6df k¥of] .
xfnsf] cj:yf
k|hftGqsf] k'gj{xfnL kl5 lzIffdf hg;xeflutf h'6fpg], lghL If]qnfO{ k|fT] ;flxt ug]{ /
u'0f:t/ sfod ug]{ gLlt cg'?k ljBfno:t/ / pRr lzIffdf ;d]t lghL tyf hg:t/df lzIf0F
;+:yfx? v'Ng] nx/ z'? eof] .kf| ylds ljBfnodf k9\g] pd]/sf ;j} jfnjflnsfnfO{ u'0ffTds
k|fylds lzIFf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] k|fylds lzIffnfO{ ;j{;n' e kfg]{ k|of; :j?k cfly{s jif{
@)%#÷)%$ b]lv o; lhNnfdf cflgjfo{ k|fylds lzIff nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . tTkZrft o;
lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns l:ylt / hg;+VofnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL lhNnfnfO{ !$ >f]t s]Gb|df ljefhg u/]/
ljz]iftM k|fylds z}lIfs Joj:yfkgnfO{ j}1flgs jgfpg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .
To;}u/L lzIff cfof]u @)$( sf] l;kmfl/; cg';f/ ljZjljBfnodf k|df0F–kq txsf] j9\bf]
ljBfyL{ rfk 36fP/ z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf ;'b9[ tf Nofpg], 3/ 5f]8/] 6f9f hfg gkg]{ u/L dlxnf
tyf b'ud{ u|fdL0f If]qsf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ klg :yfgLo :t/d} z}lIfs cj;/ ;'ne u/fpg] p2]Zo
cg'?k o; lhNnfdf klg pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\jf6 ;DjGwg k|fKt u/L ljleGg pRr
dfWoflds ljBfnox? ;~rfng ePsf 5g\ .
pRr lzIfftkm{ s[liif tyf jg lj1fg ljZjljBfno, /fdk'/df :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . ;fy}
lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf]…sÚ >]0fLdf c+lst SofDk;sf] ?kdf ;+rflnt jL/]Gb| jx'dv ' L SofDk;
cGo hg:t/df ;~rflnt SofDk;x?df zxLb :d[lt jx'dv ' L SofDk; – 6f+8L, jfns'df/L sn]h
– gf/fo0fu9, ;Ktu08sL jx'dv ' L SofDk;–e/tk'/, hgcfbz{ jx'dv ' L SofDk;– jL/]Gb|gu/,
zxLb :df/s sn]h jvfgk'/ – zf/bfgu/, sGof SofDk;–e/tk'/, df8L SofDk;–df8L
j;Gtk'/, lrtjg ;fO{G; sn]h e/tk'/, sn]h ckm d]l8sn ;fO{G;]h – e/tk'/, cfbL x'g\ .
tflnsf &=!M hgu0fgfx?sf cfwf/df ;fIf/tf b/df kl/jt{g

ljj/0f @)@* @)#* @)$* @)%* @)^*
s'n ;fIf/tf @!=@ ##=^( %#=! &!=! &^=(*
k'?if ;fIf/tf ##=( $^=@! ^%=& &(=# *#=*&
dlxnf ;fIf/tf &=$ @)=@* $)=( ^# &)=^*
;|ft] M /f=h=u=sf k|ltj]bg
&==!=! lhNnfsf ljleGg txsf z}lIfs ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f

o; lhNnfdf #@ SofDk; tyf sn]hx¿, #&& ;fd'bflos, !^^ ;+:yfut ljBfnox¿ /x]sf
5g\ . sltko ;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿ ;d'bfodf x:tfGt/0f ul/;lsPsf] 5 eg] u|fdL0f e]usf s]xL
If]qx¿df ;d'bfosf] kxndf ljBfno :yfkgf u/L ;Dk'0f{ vr{ :yfgLojf;Lx¿n] g} h'6fO{ ljBfno
143
;~rfng u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . xfn lhNnfdf pknAw z}lIfs k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljj/0f lgDg cg';f/
/x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf &=@M z}lIfs ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f– @)&#
ljBfno ;+Vof M %$# -;fd'bflos #&&, ;+:yfut !^^_
;d'bfon] Joj:yfkg lhDdf lnPsf M !)!
s'n afn ljsf; s]Gb| M %^! -ljBfnodf cfwf/Lt %$$, ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t !&_
ljz]if lzIff sIff ;+Vof M !@
;':t >j0f M # a]l4s M % b[li6 ljlxg M $
;fd'bflos cWoog s]Gb| CLC ;+VofM @) hDdf ;|ft] s]Gbsf] ;+VofM !#
s'n SofDk; ;+Vof #@ ljZjljBfno ! -s[lif tyf jglj1fg ljZjljBfno_
;|f]tM lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, lrtjg
&=!=@ lzIffsf k|dv
' ;'rsx?
o; lhNnfsf] k|fyflds ljBfnosf] v'b egf{b/ (*=@% Ü /x]sf] 5 . v'b egf{b/ /fli6«o
tYofÍ -(%=!Ü_ eGbf a9L 5 . o; lhNnfsf] cfly{s jif{ @)&)÷&! sf] ljleGg z}lIfs ;"rsx?
lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ .
tflnsf &=#M z}lIfs ;"rsx?sf] ljj/0f

qm=;+= ljj/0f g]kfn lrtjg
5fqf 5fq hDdf 5fqf 5fq hDdf
! s"n egf{b/
!=! k"j{ k|fylds jf afn ljsf; s]Gb| 73 74 74 88=7 88=2 88=4
!=@ k|fyflds tx 133 128 130 111 119 115
!=# lgDg dfWoflds tx 106 96 101 102 88=7 95=1
!=$ cfwf/e"t tx 124 117 120 106=5 103=8 105=2
!=% dfWoflds t 74 70 72 80.3 72=4 76=3
@ v'b egf{b/
@=! k|fyflds tx 95 96 95 98 98=5 98=25
@=@ lgDg dfWoflds tx 72 73 72 85=2 78=6 82
@=# cfwf/e"t tx 87 88 88 91=1 87=4 89=2
@=$ dfWoflds tx 54 55 54 67=2 56=7 62
# plQ0f{ b/
#=! k|fyflds tx 85 84 84 88 87 87=5
#=@ lgDg dfWoflds tx 89 89 89 89=4 87=6 88=5
#=# dfWoflds tx 90 90 90 91=3 92=2 91=7
144
qm=;+= ljj/0f g]kfn lrtjg

5fqf 5fq hDdf 5fqf 5fq hDdf
$ bf]xf]¥ofpg] b/
$=! k|fyflds tx 11 11 11 7 7 7
$=@ lgDg dfWoflds tx 5 5 5 6=1 5=4 5=8
$=# dfWoflds tx 4 3 4 3=1 3 3
% 5f8\g] b/
%=! k|fyflds tx 5 6 5 5 6 5=5
%=@ lgDg dfWoflds tx 6 6 6 4=4 7 5=7
%=# dfWoflds tx 7 7 7 5=6 4=8 5=3
&=!=# txut ljBfno ljt/0f
tflnsf &=$M txut ljBfno ljj/0f,@)&#

k|sf/ k|f=lj lg=df=lj= df=lj= pRr df=lj= hDdf
;fd'bflos 213 61 49 46 377
;+:yfut 25 27 96 18 166
hDdf 238 96 145 64 543
;|f]t lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, lrtjg
&=!=$ lzIfs b/jGbL
tflnsf &=%M lzIfs b/jGbL ljj/0f @)&#

tx :jLs[t b/jGbL cg'bfg sf]6f dlxnf kl/of]hgf hDdf s}lkmot
k|fylds !^&% @)) !% !*()
lgdflj $)% !## %#*
dflj #)( &$ #*#
hDdf @#*( $)& !% @*!!
&=!=% SofDk;
tflnsf &=^M SofDk; ;DaGwL ljj/0f
qm=; gfd 7]ufgf tx
! lj/]Gb| j=SofDk; e/tk'/ :gfts, :gftsf]Q/
@ ;Ktu08sL j SofDk; e/tk'/ :gfts, :gftsf]Q/
# afns'df/L j SofDk; e/tk'/ :gfts, :gftsf]Q/
145
qm=; gfd 7]ufgf tx

$ d}ofb]jL s.SofDk; e/tk'/ :gfts, :gftsf]Q/
% ldn]lgod sn]h e/tk'/ :gfts
^ k|:] ;L8]G;L sn]h e/tk'/ :gfts
& k|1f j SofK; e/tk'/ :gfts
* c?0ff]bo j SofDk; lutfgu/ :gfts
( cd/ j SofDk; kl6xfgL :gfts
!) zlxb :df/s j SofDk; zf/bfgu/ :gfts
!! pdfj9L cfbz{ z]/rg j SofDk; lbJogu/ :gfts
!@ df8L j SofDk; df8L :gfts
!# a'4zflGt j Sofdk; lkKn] :gfts
!$ hg cfbz{ jSofDk; lj/]Gb|gu/ :gfts
!% ejfgL z+s/ SofDk; em'jfgL :gfts
!^ k|d] j:tL j SofDk; e/tk'/ :gfts
!& OG6/g]Zgn v}/xgL :gfts
!* zlxb :d[lt j SofDk; /gkf :gfts, :gftsf]Q/
!( xl/s'df/ :df/s sn]h d+unk'/ :gfts
@) s[lif tyf jg ljZj ljBfno /fdk'/ :gfts, :gftsf]Q/
@! /fdk'/ SofDk; d+unk'/ :gfts, :gftsf]Q/
@@ e/tk'/ d]l8sn sn]h e/tk'/ :gfts, :gftsf]Q/
@# lrtjg d]l8sn sn]h ,, :gfts, :gftsf]Q/
@$ cGgk"0f{ j SofDk; kfj{tLk'/ :gfts
@% jf];6g sn]h e/tk'/ :gfts
@^ o'gfO6]8 6]lSlgsn sn]h e/tk'/ :gfts
@& >L d]l8sn sn]h e/tk'/ :gfts
@* lrtjg SoDk; e/tk'/ :gfts
@( ;/:jtL sDk; bf/]rf]s :gfts
#) j]i6 sn]h /Tggu/ /Tggu/ :gfts
#! /Tggu/ sofDk; /Tggu/ :gfts
#@ Go" Soflk6n sn]h /Tggu/ :gfts
146
&=!=^ txut ljBfyL{ ljj/0f

tflnsf &=&M txut ljBfyL{ ljj/0f @)&#
tx ;fd'bflos ljBfno ;+:yfut ljBfno s'n ljBfyL{
5fqf 5fq hDdf 5fqf 5fq hDdf 5fqf 5fq hDdf
afnljsf; 4,429 4,781 9,210 5,650 8,011 13,691 10,079 12,792 22,901
k|fylds 17,496 17,455 34,951 14,709 19,952 34,66 32,205 37,407 69,612
lg=df=lj 13,039 11,486 24,525 7,877 10,540 18,417 20,916 22,026 42,942
Dff=lj 9,344 7,261 16,605 4,308 5,918 10,226 13,652 13,179 26,831
s'n hDdf 44,308 40,983 85,291 32,544 44,421 42,334 76,852 85,404 162,286
&=@ :jf:Yosf] l:ylt
o; lhNnfdf Jojl:yt j;f]jf;sf] z'?jft lj=;+ @)!# ;fn lt/ dfq ePsf] b]lvG5 .
To;kl5sf sl/j kf+r bzssf] bf}/fgdf o; lhNnfsf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf cfwf/e"t ?kdf w]/}
kl/jt{g cfO{;s]sf] 5 . ljutdf Death Valley egL ;hfo lbgsf] nflu cGoqjf6 ck/flwx?nfO{
dfq k7fO{g] o; lhNnfdf xfn cfP/ :jf:Yo, ko{6g k|j4{gsf k|r/' ;+efjgf /x]sf 5g\ . :jf:Yo
If]qdf ePsf] of] pNn]vgLo ljsf;sf] nflu o; lhNnfdf ;/sf/L, lghL If]q, u}x| ;/sf/L Pj+
gful/s ;dfhåf/f ePsf] k|of; / nufgL pNn]vgLo kfOG5 .
;/sf/L :t/df o; lhNnfsf] :jf:Yo l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] p2]Zon] g]kfn ;/sf/jf6
lj=;+= @)#@ ;fndf lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nosf] :yfkgf eof] . To:t} g]kfn ;/sf/sf] If]qLo
:t/df ;'ljwf ;DkGg c:ktfnx?sf] :yfkgf ub}{ hfg] :jf:Yo gLlt cg'?k If]qLo:t/sf]
c:ktfnsf] :yfkgf eof] . To;} u/L lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no cGt/ut lhNnf leq O{nfsf
:t/Lo k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb|, :jf:Yo rf}sL Pj+ pk–:jf:Yo rf}sL x? qmdzM :yflkt x'bF }
uP . ;fy} o; lhNnfsf] j:tL ljsf;sf] qmd;+u} ljleGg u}x| ;/sf/L Pj+ lghLIf]qjf6 klg
:jf:Yo If]qdf k|z:t nufgL eO{ u}x| ;/sf/L Pj+ lghLIf]qjf6 klg :jf:Yo ;]jfsf]nflu k|z:t
;'ljwfx? pknJw x'bF } uPsf] 5 .
&=@=! pknJw :jf:Yo ;]jf ;DjGwL ljj/0f

tflnsf &=*M lhNnf l:yt :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ljj/0f– @)&#
qm=;+= :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;+Vof s}lkmot
! lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no !
@ ;/sf/L c:ktfn #
# k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| #
$ :jf:Yo rf}sL #^
% dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+d;]ljsf $^!
147
qm=;+= :jf:Yo ;+:yf ;+Vof s}lkmot

^ lhNnf cfo"jb]{ :jf:Yo s]Gb| !
& zx/L :jf:Yo lSnlgs !$
* cfo"jb]{ cf}ifBfno %
( d]/L :6f]K; ;]G6/ !
!) kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3 !
!! /]8s|; ;f];fO6L !
!@ lghL :jf:Yo ;+:yf %(
;|f]tM lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, lrtjg
tflnsf &=(M lhNnf l:yt ;/sf/L:t/sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ljj/0f– @)&#

:jf:Yo ;+:yf j]8 ;+Vof pknAw ;]jf ;'ljwf :jfYosdL{ ;+Vof
e/tk'/ c:ktfn ;/sf/af6 M #))
;ldltaf6 M#)) OPD, Emergency, Indoor, ;/sf/tkm{ 8fS6/ M %%
Lab, Radiology, ICU, Gyanae/Obs, Medical staffs : 105
Medicine, Surgery, Ortho, Dental, ;ldlt tkm{ 8fS6/ M @(
ENT, Mental, Pathology Medical staffs : 188
la=lk= sf]O/fnf !*$ SofG;/;+u ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ ;]jfx? 8fS6/ M %*M
d]df]l/on SofG;/ edical staffs : 150
c:ktfn
/Tggu/ c:ktfn !% OPD, Emergency, Indoor, Lab, 8fS6/ M #M
Radiology, ICU, Gyanae/Obs, edical staffs : 15
Medicine, Surgery, Ortho, Dental,
ENT, Mental, Pathology
e/tk'/ cfFvf cfFvf;+u ;DjlGwt ;]jf 8fS6/ & M
c:ktfn edical staffs : 39
-g]q Hof]lt ;+3_ ^$
tflnsf &=!)M lghL :t/sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?– @)&#
148
149
&==@=@ :jf:Yo ;'rs ljj/0f

;du| lrtjg lhNnfsf] ljut # jif{sf] :jf:Yo ;"rs ljj/0f lgDgfg';f/ 5 .
tflnsf &=!!M:jf:Yo ;"rssf] ljj/0f

;"rs 2070/71 2071/72 2072/73
1. Reporting Status (In %)
District To HMIS Section (In %) 100 100 100
Hospital To DPHO (In %) 100 66 69
PHCC/HP To District (In %) 100 100 100
HP To District (In %) 100 100 100
FCHV To HF (In %) 95 79 81
NGO/ Private Sector to DHOs (In %) 67.8 71 65
@= vf] k sf] l:ylt
lj=l;=lh= se/]h 101.6 95.6 115
l8=lk=6L # se/]h 82.1 81 83
bfb'/f se/]h 82.1 80 80
l6=6L=@ -ue{jtL dlxnf_ se/]h 60.1 59 56
#= kf] i f0f -j[ l 4 cg' u dg_
% jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfsf] a[l4 cg'udg se/]h 90.07 79.9 51
s'kf]if0f ePsf gof afnaflnsf k|ltzt 0.83 1.3 17.7
$= 5ftL tyf :jf;k|:jf; ;DjlGw ;d:of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI)
% jif{ d'gLsf afnaflnsfx?df 5flt tyf :jf;k|:jf; ;DjlGw ;d:of k|lt xhf/ 872.36 533 399
s8f lgdf]lgof ePsf gof afnaflnsfsf] k|ltzt 1.96 0.33 0.46
%= emf8fkvnf /f] u
% jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx?df emf8fkvnf k|lt xhf/ 590.37 303 239
s8f hnljof]hg ePsf gof afnaflnsf sf] k|ltzt 0.19 0.79 0.12
emf8fkvnfaf6 d[To' -;+Vof_ 0 0 0
^= kl/jf/ lgof] h g [Family Planning]
kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;fwg k|of]u b/ 47 48.12 48
&= ;' / lIft dft[ T j
k|;t' L kl5sf] klxnf] :jf:Yo hfrsf] k|ltzt 196.7 104.6 112
$ kN6 :jf:Yo hfrsf] l:ylt 93.1 47.54 38
bIf :jf:ysdL{af6 u/fPsf] k|;l' t k|ltzt 101 118.35 146
*= dn] l /of lgoGq0f sfo{ q md
150
/Qm kl/If0f 0.95 0.64 0.13

kl/If0f ul/Psf] dWo] dn]l/of k|lt xhf/ 0.04 0.05 0.02
dn]l/of ;sf/fTs b/ (SPR) 0.47 0.47 0.5
(= l6=la= lgoGq0f sfof{ q md
/f]u kQf nfu]sf] b/ 79 166 66
/f]u lgbfg b/ 91 90 88
pkrf/ ;kmn b/ 92 91 89
/f]u ;g{] b/ 89 86 87
!)= s' i 7/f] u lgoGq0f sfo{ q md
gof /f]u kQf nfu]sf] b/ 1.12 1.18 1.16
pkrf/ b/ 0.83 0.96 1.12
!!= pkrf/ ;]jf
alx/+u ;]jf lng] s'n hg;+Vof k|ltzt 134.7 107 69.6
&=@=# klxnf] ljjfx ubf{sf] pd]/ bz jif{ jf ;f] eGbf dfly M
bz jif{ jf ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] pd]/sf JolQmx¿sf] klxnf] kN6 ljjfx x'bF f k'/f ePsf]
pd]/sf] cfwf/df k'¿if / dlxnfsf] klxnf] ljjfx ubf{sf] cf}ift pd]/ u0fgf ul/G5 . of] ;"rs
hg;ª\Vofsf] k|hgg\of]Uo Jojxf/;Fu klg k|ToIf ;DalGwt /x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*
sf] glthfn] o; lhNNffdf w]/h} ;f] JolQmx¿sf] klxnf] ljjfx !% b]lv !( jif{sf] pd]/df ePsf]
b]vfPsf] 5 . of] pd]/leq $#=## k|ltzt ljjflxt JolQmx¿sf] klxnf] ljjfx ePsf] kfOG5 .
o;kl5 @) b]lv @$ jif{sf] pd]/df klxnf] ljjfx x'g] JolQmx¿sf] ;+Vof w]/} -#)=%( k|ltzt_
/x]sf] b]lvG5 . bz jif{dg" Lsf] slnnf] pd]/df klxnf] ljjfx ePsf JolQmx¿;d]t ! k|ltzt
eGbf w]/} /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 . !$ jif{dg" Lsf] pd]/df klxnf] ljjfx x'gx] ¿ !)=%! k|ltzt /x]sf
5g\ eg] !) jif{ eGbf sd pd]/df ljjfx x'gs ] f] k|ltzt !=^* /x]sf] 5 . krf; jif{sf] pd]/
kf/ u/L;s]kl5 klxnf] ljjfx x'gx] ¿ !)@ hgf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . pd]/ ;d'x cg';f/ klxnf ljjfx
ubf{sf] hg;+Vof ljj/0f tnsf] tflnsfdf lbO{Psf] 5 .
tflnsf &=!@ M pd]/ cg';f/ klxnf] k6s ljjfx ubf{ cg';f/sf] hg;+Vof
pd]/ ;d"x k'?if k|ltzt dlxnf k|ltzt b'j} k|ltzt
bz jif{ d"gL 653 0=49 4,526 2=60 5,179 1=68
!)–!$ jif{ 4,759 3=57 27,579 15=82 32,338 10=51
!%–!( jif{ 38,529 28=87 94,840 54=40 133,369 43=33
@)–@$ jif{ 54,605 40=92 39,532 22=68 94,137 30=59
@%–@( jif{ 26,693 20=00 6,179 3=54 32,872 10=68
151
pd]/ ;d"x k'?if k|ltzt dlxnf k|ltzt b'j} k|ltzt

#)–#$ jif{ 6,270 4=70 1,139 0=65 7,409 2=41
#%–#( jif{ 1,402 1=05 334 0=19 1,736 0=56
$)–$$ jif{ 375 0=28 119 0=07 494 0=16
$%–$( jif{ 107 0=08 38 0=02 145 0=05
%) jif{ dfly 58 0=04 44 0=03 102 0=03
;a} pd]/sf 1,33,451 100=00 1,74,330 100=00 3,07,781 100=00
;|f]tM /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^* sf] k|lta]bg
n}lËs cfwf/df klxnf] ljjfx ug]{ pd]/sf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ $)=(@ k|ltzt k'¿ifsf] @) b]lv
@$ jif{sf] pd]/df / @*=*& k|ltztsf] !% b]lv !( jif{sf] pd]/df klxnf] ljjfx x'g] u/]sf]
b]lvPsf] 5 . !$ jif{ d"gLsf] pd]/df $=)^ k|ltzt afnssf] ljjfx ePsf] ;d]t b]lvPsf] 5 .
dlxnfsf] xsdf %$=$) k|ltztsf] !% b]lv !( jif{sf] pd]/df klxnf] ljjfx eO;s]sf] b]lvPsf]
5 . sl/j @@=^* k|ltzt dlxnfsf] @) b]lv @$ jif{sf] pd]/df klxnf] ljjfx ePsf] kfOG5
eg] !$ jif{ d"gLsf] pd]/df !*=$@ k|ltzt / !) jif{ d"gLsf] pd]/df @=^) k|ltzt dlxnfsf]
klxnf] ljjfx ePsf] kfOG5 . hDdf $$ hgf dlxnfsf] %) jif{sf] pd]/kl5 ljjfx ePsf] b]lvG5 .
&=@=$ ljjflxt dlxnf / hGdfPsf afnaRRff ;DaGwL ljj/0f M

o; hgu0fgfdf !% b]vL $( pd]/sf ljjflxt dlxnfx?nfO{ xfn;Dd slt j6f hLljt
;Gtfg hGdfpg'ePsf] 5 elg k|Zg ;f]lwPsf] lyof] . o; k|Zg Lifetime fertility lgsfNg]
k|of]hgsf] nflu xf] . ;f] cg';f/ o; lhNNffdf hDdf !,@*,#!@ ljjflxt dlxnfdWo] aRRff
gePsf !%,&#! hgf / afFsL dlxnfn] ! b]lv ( jf ;f] eGbf a9L aRrf hGdfPsf] b]lvG5
h;df ( eGbf a9L ;Gtfg hGdfpg] %^! Hfgf b]lvPsf] 5 .
tflnsf &=!# M !%–$( jif{sf aRrf hGdfPsf cfwf/df ljjflxt dlxnf

ljj/0f hDdf cfdfx?sf] pd]/
15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49
aRrf gePsf 15,731 4,352 5,234 2,708 1,104 822 802 708
! jRrf ePsf 23,684 1,954 8,555 7,521 2,651 1,380 787 836
@ aRrf ePsf 40,362 278 4,167 10,395 10,681 7,693 4,550 2,598
# jRrf ePsf 22,677 18 669 3,138 5,206 5,601 4,642 3,403
$ jRRff ePsf 11,119 0 107 981 1,608 2,655 2,993 2,776
% aRRff ePsf 5,369 16 8 217 699 1,219 1,651 1,558
^ jRRff ePsf 2,420 0 8 32 212 550 673 945
& aRrf ePsf 1,184 0 0 16 78 231 387 472
152
ljj/0f hDdf cfdfx?sf] pd]/

15–19 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49
* aRrf ePsf 623 0 0 0 24 143 164 293
( jf ;f] eGbf a9L 561 0 0 8 0 96 198 258
gv'ns
] f] 4,582 0 1,964 982 544 391 366 335
hDdf ljjflxt dlxnf 1,28,312 6,618 20,713 25,998 22,806 20,782 17,214 14,181
;|f]t M /fli6«o hgu0fgf k|ltj]bg @)^*
tnsf] tflnsf cg';f/ s'n @,&&,)*@ aRrfx? hGd]sf]df 5f]/f !,$$,$!% / 5f]/L
!,#@,^^* hgf /x]sf 5g\ . z'?sf] hGd x]bf{ 5f]/L g} a9L hlGdPsf] b]lVfG5 . !%— !( pd]/
;d"xsf dlxnfn] @,^$# aRrfx? hGdfPsf] kfOG5 o;af6 s] b]lvG5 eg] ;fg} pd]/df ljjfx
u/L aRrf hGdfpg] k|rng /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf &=!$ M !%–$( jif{sf ljjflxt dlxnfn] u0fgfsf] lbg;Dd hGdfPsf afnaRrf
dlxnfsf] pd]/ ;d"x ljjflxt dlxnf xfn;Dd hGd]sf
hDdf aRrf k|ltzt 5f]/f k|ltzt 5f]/L k|ltzt
15 – 19 6,618 2,643 0=95 1,129 0=78 1,514 1=14
20 – 24 20,713 19,416 7=01 10,215 7=07 9,201 6=94
25 – 29 25,998 43,109 15=56 22,531 15=60 20,578 15=51
30 – 34 22,806 51,566 18=61 26,890 18=62 24,676 18=60
35 – 39 20,782 57,270 20=67 29,874 20=69 27,396 20=65
40 – 44 17,214 54,032 19=50 28,262 19=57 25,770 19=42
45 – 49 14,181 49,045 17=70 25,512 17=67 23,533 17=74
hDdf 1,28,312 2,77,082 100=00 1,44,415 100=00 1,32,668 100=00
;|ft] M /fli6«o hgu0fgf k|ltj]bg @)^*
o; hgu0fgfdf at{dfg hGdb/ (current fertility) k|of]hgfy{ !% b]vL $( pd]/sf ljjflxt
dlxnfx?nfO{ ljut !@ dlxgfdf slt j6f lhljt ;Gtfg hGdfpg'ePsf] 5 elg k|Zg ;f]lwPsf]
lyof] . ;f] cg';f/ o; lhNNffdf !@ dlxgfdf s'n ^,$^* aRrfx? dWo] 5f]/f #,@)) / 5f]/L
@,^$! hgf hGd]sf] b]lVfG5 . pd]/ ;d'x cg';f/ x]bf{ ;a}eGbf a9L 20–24 jif{sf dlxnfx?n]
@,^$! hgf / ;a}EfGbf sd 44–49 jif{sf dlxnfx?n] * hgf aRrf dWo] * j6f 5f]/f hGdfPsf]
b]lvG5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf ! jf @ dfq ;Gtfg hGdfpg] u/]sf] tYofÍ tnsf] tflnsfn] b]vfpF5 .
tflnsf &=!% M ljt]sf] !@ dlxgf lhjLt aRrf
hGdfPsf jf gePsf !%–$( jif{sf ljjflxt dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof
dlxnfsf] pd]/ ;d"x ljjflxt dlxnf aRrf gePsf ! jRrf ePsf @ aRrf ePsf gv'n]sf]
15 – 19 6,618 5,771 847 0 0
20 – 24 20,713 14,485 2,624 8 3,616
153
dlxnfsf] pd]/ ;d"x ljjflxt dlxnf aRrf gePsf ! jRrf ePsf @ aRrf ePsf gv'n]sf]
25 – 29 25,998 20,179 1,982 8 3,829
30 – 34 22,806 19,014 604 8 3,181
35 – 39 20,782 17,915 231 8 2,628
40 – 44 17,214 14,984 107 0 2,123
45 – 49 14,181 12,362 8 0 1,810
hDdf 1,28,312 1,04,690 6,404 32 17,186
;|f]t M /fli6«o hgu0fgf k|ltj]bg @)^*
tflnsf &=!^ M !%–$( jif{sf ljjflxt dlxnfn] ljt]sf] !@ dlxgfdf hGdfPsf afnaRrf
dlxnfsf] pd]/ ;d"x ljjflxt dlxnf ljut !@ dlxgf -u0fgfsf] lbgcl3;Dd_ df hGd]sf
hDdf aRrf 5f]/f 5f]/L pNn]v gePsf]
15 – 19 6,618 847 352 404 91
20 – 24 20,713 2,641 1,295 1,098 247
25 – 29 25,998 1,998 967 862 169
30 – 34 22,806 620 384 157 79
35 – 39 20,782 247 135 88 24
40 – 44 17,214 107 58 33 16
45 – 49 14,181 8 8 0 0
hDdf 1,28,312 6,468 3,200 2,641 627
;|f]t M /fli6«o hgu0fgf k|ltj]bg @)^ M
&=@=% dfgj ljsf; tyf ul/aL M
UNDP g]kfnaf6 k|sflzt ul/Psf] g]kfn dfgj ljsf; k|ltj]g @)!$ df lrtjg
lhNnfsf] gofF cjwf/0ffsf] cfwf/df dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+s )=%%! /x]sf] 5 . k'/fgf] cjwf/0ff
jf c+sul0ftLo dWos k|of]u u/L ;"rsf+s lgsfNbf o;sf] dfg )=%(* /x]sf] 5 . dfgj ljsf;
;"rsf+s rf/j6f ;"rsnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL lgsflnG5 . cf};t cfo', k|f9} ;fIf/tf, ljBfno /xg]
cf};t jif{ / k|lt JolQm cfo rf/j6f dfgaf6 o;sf] dfg lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . o; lhNnfsf] cf};t
cfo' ^(=&* jif{ /x]sf] 5 eg] k|lt JolQm jflif{s cfDbfgL (%! cd]l/sL 8n/ 5 . xfd|f] b]zdff
ckgfOPsf ul/jLdfkg k|ls|of æcfwf/e't cfjZostfsf] nfutæ df cfwfl/t 5g\ . o; ljlw
cg';f/ cfwf/e't cfjZostfx?nfO{ vfB / u}/vfB cfjZostf u/L b'O{ efudf afF8/] ltgLx?sf]
a]Unfa]Un} nfut lgsfn]/ b'jn} fO{ hf]8L ul/jLsf] /]vf lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . o; ul/jL /]vfn]
cfwf/e't cfjZostf h'6fpg cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd vr{sf] /fzL lbG5 . s'n kfl/jfl/s pkef]u
vr{ pQm /]vfeGbf sd x'g] jf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf hlt klg vr{ ug{ g;s]sf kl/jf/ ul/j
dflgG5g\ . s'g} JolQmsf] cfwf/e"t vfB cfjZostf lgwf{/0f ug{ ;fnfvfnf 3/kl/jf/sf] Ps
154
JolQmnfO{ :j:Yo / ;ls|o hLjgofkgsf nflu k|ltlbg cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd Sofnf]/Lsf] lx;fa
ul/G5 . hLjg:t/ ;j]I{ f0f @)^^÷^& af6 k|fKt hg;f+lVos ;"rgfsf cfwf/df pd]/ ;d'x /
lnËsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ @,@@) lsnf] Sofnf]/L cfjZos kg]{ b]lvG5 . g]kfnsf] ;fnfvfnf ul/jLsf]
/]vf k|ltJolQm k|ltjif{ ?= !(,@^! lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . sf7df8f} pkTosfdf ul/jLsf] /]vf
jflif{s $),(## /x]sf] 5 . o;/L g} t/fO{sf] zx/sf] jflif{s ?= @!,!## 5 . oL /]vfeGbf d'gL
pkef]u vr{ ePsf JolQm tyf kl/jf/x? ul/j dflgG5g\ . ul/jLsf] b/sf] ;"rsn] ul/jLsf]
/]vfeGbf d'gL /x]sf dflg;sf] ;+Vof hgfp5 . ul/jLsf] ljifdtfsf] ;"rsn] ul/j dflgPsfx?dWo]
klg slt k|ltzt ul/jx? ul/jLsf] /]vfeGbf slt 6f9f 5g\ eGg] b]vfp5 . ul/jLsf] uxgtfsf]
;"rsn] ul/jx?aLr s] slt c;dfgtf eGg] hgfp5 . hLjg:t/ ;j]I{ f0f @)^^÷^& tyf /fli6«o
hgu0fgf @)^* sf cfFs8fx? / ljZj vfB sfo{sd| af6 k|fKt ef}uf]lns ;«rgfx? k|of]u u/L
n3'If]q cg'dfg ljlw4f/f lhNnf, g=kf=, Onfsfx? tyf nlIft If]qx?sf] ul/jLsf] dfkg ul/Psf]
5 . n3'If]q cg'dfg ljlw :yfgLo txsf] ul/jL k|If]k0f ug]{ k|0ffnLsf ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .
o;nfO{ ul/jL gS;fËg eGg] klg k|rng 5 . lhNnf:t/df ul/jLsf] b/ ;a}eGbf a9L afh'/fdf
^$ k|ltzt / ;a}eGbf sd sf:sLdf $ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . s'n hg;+Vofsf] %) k|ltzt
eGbf a9L dflg;x? ul/jLsf] /]vfd'gL /x]sf lhNnfx?df afh'/f, sflnsf]6, aemfË, x'Dnf /
bfr'n{ f /x]sf 5g\ . s'n hg;+Vofsf] !) k|ltzt eGbf sd dflg;x? ul/jLsf] /]vfd'gL /x]sf
lhNnfx?df sf:sL, Onfd, nlntk', sf7df8f} / lrtjg x'g\ . lrtjg lhNnfdf ul/jLsf] /]vfeGbf
d'gLsf] hg;+Vof *=( k|ltzt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . of] lhNnf pRr ;Dj[l¢:t/ ePsf lhNnf dWo]
kfFrf} :yfgdf kb{5 . lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd e/tk'/ dxf g=kf=df ul/jLsf] /]vfeGbf d'gLsf]
hg;+Vof ;a}eGbf sd /x]sf] b]lvG5 . lhNnfsf :yfgLo txx? dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L ul/jLsf] /]vf
dfly /x]sf] hg;+Vof O{R5fsfdgf ufpFkflnsfdf 5 .
tflnsf &=!& M dfgj ljsf; ;"rsx?sf] ljj/0f

l;=g+= ljj/0f PsfO{ g]kfn lrtjg
! k|f9} ;fIf/tf k|ltzt 59=57 72=23
@ k|f9} lg/If/ Kf|ltzt 40=43 27=77
# Per capita Income PPP$ 1,160 1,557
$ Per capita Income $ 718 951
% Per capita Income Rs. at market Price 51,879 68,748
^ Gross National Income bz nfvdf 13,74503 39,873
& cf};t cfo' -b'a_} Jfif{ 68=80 69=78
* HDI (Arithmatic Mean) Dffg 0=541 0=598
( HDI (Geometric Mean) dfg 0=490 0=551
!) c;'/lIft vfg]kfgL k|of]ustf{ k|ltzt 17=09 15=77
155
l;=g+= ljj/0f PsfO{ g]kfn lrtjg

!! Mean year of Schooling Jfif{ 3=90 5=01
!# % jif{ d'lgsf s'kf]lift jfnjflnsf k|ltzt 40=05 $@
!$ Dffgj ul/jL ;"rsf+s dfg 31=12 24=8
;|f]tM HDI Report 2014
156
v08 * M
sfg"g tyf Gofo
*=! ;jf/L b'36{ gf

o; lhNnfdf /ftsf] ;do / rfnssf] nfkj{fxLsf sf/0f a9L b'36{ gf ePsf] b]lvG5 .
uPsf] # jif{df @#^ hgfsf] b'36{ gfdf d[To' eof] . # jif{sf] ;dodf o; lhNnfdf ePsf b'36{ gfdf
#!# hgf ;Vt 3fOt] ePsf lyP . o;} cjwLdf %$@ hgf ;fdfGoM 3fOt] eP . ;8s
b'36{ gfnfO{ Go"g ug{sf nflu 6«flkms k|x/Ln] ;8sdf g} rfns / ;xrfnsnfO{ k|lzIf0f,
ljBfnodf sIff ;+rfng, cGtlq{mof, r]tgfd"ns Jofg/, krf{ / xf]l8ª af]8x{ ¿ /fv]sf] b]lvG5 .
u|fdL0f ;8sx¿sf] lau|bf] cj:yfn] ubf{ hgr]tgfn] dfq b'36{ gf lgoGq0fsf] pkfo gx'g]
b]lvG5 . ljz]ifu/L oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ a9Lh;f] 7Ss/ lbP/, klN6P/ / v;]/ d[To' ePsf]
b]lvG5 . ;8s b'36{ gfkl5 oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ hnfpg] / tf]8kmf]8 ug]{ k|jl[ t klg a9]sf]
b]lvG5 . lhNnfdf a9\bf] zx/Ls/0f tyf lhNnf ;8s g]6js{sf] ;~hfnsf] la:tf/af6
oftfoftsf ;fwg pkef]u ug]{ b/df a[l4 ;u} klg ;8s b'36{ gfdf a9\b} uPsf] kfOG5 . uPsf]
tLg cfly{s jif{sf] ;8s b'36{ gfsf] cj:yf lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf *=! M lrtjgdf ;8s b'3{6gfsf] l:ylt
cf=j= 6«s a; lhk, sf/, e]g 6«S] 6/ df]6/;fO{sn cGo hDdf
@)&)÷&! 40 40 18 2 51 13 166
@)&!÷&@ 46 31 17 10 71 21 196
@)&@÷&# 45 40 26 12 85 22 230
cfly{s jif{ ljj/0f k|efljt ;+Vof
k'?if dlxnf afns aflnsf hDdf
@)&)÷&! d[To' ;+Vof 61 14 3 0 78
ulDe/ 3fOt] ;+Vof 64 15 3 1 83
;fdfGo 3fOt] ;+Vof 174 75 9 6 264
@)&!÷&@ d[To' ;+Vof 68 12 1 2 83
ulDe/ 3fOt] ;+Vof 87 12 8 9 116
;fdfGo 3fOt] ;+Vof 79 22 26 28 157
@)&@÷&# d[To' ;+Vof 51 13 5 6 75
ulDe/ 3fOt] ;+Vof 82 21 7 4 114
;fdfGo 3fOt] ;+Vof 79 35 4 3 121
;|f]t M lhNnf 6«flkms sfof{no, e/tk'/
157
lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf] /]s8{sf cfwf/df ljut # jif{nfO{ b[li6ut ubf{ nfu'cf}ifw,
ha/h:tL s/0fL,rf]/L, em'08L cfTdxTof tyf ;jf/L Hofg h:tf 36gfdf a[l4 ePsf] b]lvG5 .
cbfntdf btf{ x'g] d'2f ;+Vofdf a9]sf] 5 .
tflnsf *=@ M lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf d'2f btf{sf] l:ylt

l;=g+= d'2f lzif{s d'2fbtf{ ;+Vof
@)&)÷&! @)&!÷&@ @)&@÷&#
1 st{Jo Hofg 12 11 9
2 Hofg dfg[{ pbf]u 16 17 16
3 ;jf/L Hofg 66 78 79
4 s]=;f=c= 306 564 579
5 ha/h:tL s/)fL 33 28 33
6 ha/h:tL s/)fL pbf]u 7 22 22
7 dfgj a]rlavg 4 5 6
8 ax' ljjfx 9 13 6
9 ue{ktg 1 0 1
10 cfuf] nfu]/ cfTdxTof 2 0 0
11 dflg; ckx/)f 1 2 3
12 nfu" cf}ifw 64 58 71
13 rf]/L 17 47 28
14 gful/stf ;DaGwL 1 0 0
15 b'/ ;+rf/ 0 0 1
16 &uL 11 18 6
17 h'jf 2 12 30
18 %'jf%'t 1 1 1
19 xftxltof/ v/vhgf 4 8 3
20 a}ls· s;'/ ck/fw 2 2 21
21 sfnf] ahf/ 7 3 25
22 uf}jw 1 1 2
23 cfuf] nufPsf] 0 0 4
24 ;xL %fk lst]{ 5 5 7
25 em')*L cfTdxTof 95 94 85
26 ljif ;]jg u/L cfTdxTof 34 27 37
27 eljtJo Hofg 74 73 85
158
l;=g+= d'2f lzif{s d'2fbtf{ ;+Vof

@)&)÷&! @)&!÷&@ @)&@÷&#
28 xfdkmfnL cfTdxTof 3 2 3
29 lj:kmf]^s kbfy{ 0 0 0
30 km'^s/ Hofg 70 70 74
tflnsf *=# M ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nodf d'2f btf{sf] l:ylt

l;=g+= d'2fsf] ljifo cf=j= @)&!÷&@ cf=j= @)&@÷&#
nut km5\of}6 afFsL nut km5\of}6 afFsL
1 ckx/)f 4 3 1 6 0 6
2 s'^lk^ c+ue+u 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 cfunfuL 0 0 0 3 2 1
4 cfly{s
&uL 28 11 17 8 2 6
a}ls· s;'/
5 s/)fL
hah{:tL s/)fL 50 31 19 43 33 10
hah{:tL s/)fL pBf]u 26 23 3 3 3 0
6 lst]{ ;/sf/L %fk, b:tvt 10 7 3 9 5 4
7 rf]/L
;fwf/)f rf]/L 31 22 9 19 18 1
gsjhgL rf]/L 22 7 5 23 23 0
hah{:tL rf]/L 23 20 3 3 3 0
/xhgL rf]/L 1 1 0 0 0 0
*f“sf rf]/L 4 3 1 1 1 0
8 Hofg
st{Jo Hofg 23 14 9 18 14 4
Hofg dfg]{ pBf]u 30 20 10 28 23 5
9 gful/stf 1 1 0 0 0 0
10 b'/ ;+rf/ ;+alGw 0 0 0 1 0 1
11 dfgj a]rlavg
dfgj a]rlavg 0 0 0 0 0 0
dfgj cf];f/kf];f/ 6 4 2 9 4 5
12 nfu'cf}ifw 102 76 26 109 95 14
159
l;=g+= d'2fsf] ljifo cf=j= @)^(÷&) cf=j= @)&)÷&!

nut km5\of}6 afFsL nut km5\of}6 afFsL
13 ljjfx
ax'ljjfx 22 13 9 15 12 3
14 ;jf/Laf^ st{Jo Hofg
;jf/Laf^ c+ue+u 0 0 0 2 1 1
nfk/jfxL
eljtJo 96 79 17 92 85 7
Ifltk'lt{ 6 0 6 8 3 5
15 ;fj{hlgs ck/fw 937 335 602 1,196 1110 86
16 xftxltof/ tyf v/vhgf 12 6 6 10 8 2
17 ljljw 19 12 7 13 10 3
sfnf] ahf/ 6 3 3 27 24 3
uf]jw 2 1 1 2 1 1
%'jf%'t 1 1 0 0 0 0
h'jf 13 10 3 46 46 0
cGo 1 0 1 2 1 1
hDdf 1,448 692 756 1,719 1,559 160
1 pkef]Qmf ;+/If)f 0 0 0 6 0 6
2 vfB P]g 42 11 31 73 73 0
3 lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' 141 39 102 124 70 54
4 jg cbfnt 40 27 13 24 20 4
5 jg tkm{ 88 28 60 78 78 0
hDdf 311 105 206 305 241 64
160
v08 ( M
/fhg}lts bn tyf k|ltlglwTj
(=! lhNnfdf lqmoflzn d'Vo /fhg}lts bnx?sf] ljj/0f
tflnsf (=! M lqmoflzn d'Vo /fhg}lts bnx?sf] ljj/0f

qm=;+= /fhg}lts bnx? qm=;+= /fhg}lts bnx?
! g]kfnL sf+u;]| !!= dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d -nf]stflGqs_ g]kfn
@ g]skf Pdfn] !@= ;b\efjgf kf6L{
# g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| !#= ;+l3o ;dfhjfbL kf6L{,g]kfn
$ /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{ !$= g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{
% g]skf dfn] !%= /fli6«o dw]z ;dfhjfbL kf6L{
^ g]skf–dfcf]jfbL !^= dw]z t/fO{ kmf]/d
& tdnf]kf,g]kfn !&= g]skf dfcf]jfbL ljKnj
* dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d !*= /fli6«o hgd'lQm kf6L{
( dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d u0tflGqs !(= y?x6 t/fO{ kf6L{ g]kfn
!) g]skf ;+oQ ' m @)= /fli6«o hgdf]rf{
(=@ ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj

hgcfGbf]ng @)$^ kZrft\ b]zdf /fhfsf] k|ToIf zf;g Joj:yfaf6 ax'bnLo zf;g
Joj:yf sfod ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 ljwflosfx? cfjlws lgjf{rgsf] dfWodaf6 r'lgg] Joj:yf
/x]sf] lyof] . tTsflng cj:yfdf @)$*, @)%! / @)%^ ;fndf u/L tLg k6s k|ltlglw ;efsf]
r'gfj ePsf] lyof] . bf];f| ] hg cfGbf]ng @)^@÷^# kZrft\ b]zdf nf]stflGqs zf;g k2ltsf]
z'?jft ePsf] 5 . hgtf4f/f r'lgPsf JolQmx?n] b]zsf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu g]kfnsf]
Oltxf;d} klxnf] k6s la=;+= @)^$ ;fndf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg eof] / pQm ;+ljwfg;efn]
;+ljwfg hf/L ug{ g;sL k'gM lj=;+= @)&) d+l;/ $ ut] bf]>f] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg
ePsf] 5 . pQm b'a} lgjf{rgdf k|ToIf / ;dfg'kflts tkm{ u/L hDdf ^)! ;ef;bx? r'lgPsf
lyP . o; lhNnfdf k|ToIftkm{ % hgf ;ef;bx? lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ h;dWo] @÷@ hgf g]kfnL
sfË]; / g]=s=kf= Pdfn]af6 ;fy} /f=k|=kf=af6 ! hgf k|ltlglwTj ePsf] 5 . ;dfg'kfltt tkm{af6
!# hgf ;ef;b /x]sf 5g\ . ;dfg'kfltt tkm{af6 !),))) eGbf a9L dt kfpg] bnsf] ;+Vof
% j6f /x]sf] 5 . hg k|ltlglwsf] gfdfjnL tyf ;+ljwfg ;ef @)&) df ;dfg'kfltt tkm{
161
bnx?n] kfPsf] dt tflnsfdf lbPsf] 5 .
tflnsf (=@ M ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:o @)&) df

lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx?sf] gfdfjnL tyf k|lt4GbL pDd]bjf/
If]q g+= pDd]bjf/sf] gfd /fhg}lts bnsf] gfd k|fKt dt
!= ljhoL ;'/G] b| k|;fb kf08] g]=s=kf= Pdfn] 18,760
k|lt4GbL /fh]Gb| k|;fb a'nf{sf]6L g]kfnL sfFu;]| 13,745
@= ljhoL z]ifgfy clwsf/L g]kfnL sfFu;]| 17,810
k|lt4GbL s[i0f k|;fb zdf{ vgfn g]=s=kf= Pdfn] 16,811
#= ljhoL s[i0feQm kf]v/]n g]=s=kf= Pdfn] 15,661
k|lt4GbL eLd axfb'/ >]i7 g]kfnL sfFu;]| 13,244
$= ljhoL ;'lzn sf]O/fnf g]kfnL sfFu;]| 20,760
k|lt4GbL lbn s'df/L /fjn kfj{tL g]=s=kf= Pdfn] 10,739
%= ljhoL ljqmd kf08] /f=k|=kf= 10,858
k|lt4GbL bfg axfb'/ tfdfË g]=s=kf= Pdfn] 8,406
$= ljhoL pk lgjf{rg /fds[i0f l3ld/] g]kfnL sfFu;]| 20,318
k|lt4GbL lbn s'df/L /fjn kfj{tL g]=s=kf= Pdfn] 17,272
>f]t MlhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no, lrtjg
tflnsf (=# M ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:o @)&) df ;dfg'kfltt tkm{ /fhg}lts bnsf] k|fKt dt
qm=;+= /fhg}lts bnsf] gfd k|fKt dt qm=;+= /fhg}lts bnsf] gfd k|fKt dt
1 g]kfnL sfFu|;] 63,361 2 g]=s=kf= Pdfn] 62,116
3 Plss[t g]=s=kf=dfcf]jfbL 39,890 4 /f=k|=kf=, g]kfn 12,919
5 dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d, g]kfn nf]stflGqs 2,273 6 /f=k|=kf= 10,152
7 dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d, g]kfn 183 8 t/fO{ dw]z nf]stflGqs kf^L{ 797
9 ;b\efjgf kf^L{ 673 10 g]=s=kf= dfS;{jfbL n]lggjfbL 3,250
11 ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kf^L{, g]kfn 281 12 /fli^«o hgdf]rf{ 993
13 g]=s=kf= ;+o'Qm 1,540 14 /fli^«o dw]z ;dfhjfbL kf^L{ 40
15 g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{ 255 16 /fli^«o hgdl'Qm kf^L{ 1,023
17 /fli^«o dw]z ;b\efjgf kf^L{, g]kfn 50 18 y?x^ t/fO{ kf^L{, g]kfn 205
19 g]kfn kl/jf/ bn 1,267 20 blnt hghflt kf^L{ 73
21 cv)* g]kfn kf^L{ 1,269 22 dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d, u)ftflGqs 30
23 g]kfnL hgtf bn 399 24 vDa'jfg /fli^«o df]rf{, g]kfn 288
25 g]kfM /fli^«o kf^L{ 157 26 hghfu/)f kf^L{, g]kfn 839
162
qm=;+= /fhg}lts bnsf] gfd k|fKt dt qm=;+= /fhg}lts bnsf] gfd k|fKt dt
27 ;+#Lo ;b\efjgf kf^L{ 112 28 dw]z ;dtf kf^L{, g]kfn 86
29 ;dfhjfbL hgtf kf^L{ 277 30 ;+#Lo nf]stflGqs /fli^«o d~r y?x^ 5,855
31 ;+#Lo u)ftflGqs ;dfhjfbL kf^L{, g]kfn 649 32 g]kfn sDo'lgi^ kf^L{ 138
33 /fli^«o :jfledfg kf^L{ g]kfn 688 34 hgtf bn g]kfn 97
35 lzj;]gf g]kfn 238 36 zflGt kf^L{, g]kfn 156
>f]t Mlgjf{rg cfof]u, @)&)
163
v08 !)
jg tyf jftfj/0f
!)=! jg If]qsf] l:ytL

k|fs[lts ;DklQ hn, hldg / h+un-jg_sf] plrt pkof]usf] l:ylt s'gk} lg /fi6«sf]
;fdflhs pGglt / ljsf;sf] ;jfn;Fu k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf?kn] hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . To;}n]
jgh+unsf] plrt ;b'kof]u, ;+/If0f, ;Da4{g tyf ljsf; ub}{ ;/n ?kn] jg k}bfj/sf] pTkfbg
/ cfk"lt{ u/fO{ lbuf] jg Joj:yfkg tkm{ pGd'v x'g' tyf jg Joj:yfkgsf dfWodaf6 ljkGg,
dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt,dw];L,d'l:nd nufotsf ;d'bfonfO{ jghGo cfod"ns sfo{sd| df
;+nUg u/fO{ /f]huf/ / cfly{s :t/ j[lå u/L ul/jL Go"lgs/0fdf 6]jf k'–ofpg ;s] ;fdflhs
tyf cflYf{s If]qsf] ljsf;df 7"nf] 6]jf k'Ug hfG5 . xfd|f] b]zdf s'n If]qkmnsf] em08} @)
k|ltzt s[lif of]Uo hldgn] 9fs]sf] / @( k|ltzt hldg agh+unn] 9fs]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf]
dxfef/t >[v + nf j/k/ kxf8df r]kfË tyf t/fO{df yf? cflbjf;Lx?sf] d'Vo j:tL lyof] . @)@)
;fn kl5 t/fO{ / leqL dw]zsf ;Dk"0f{ If]qdf cf}nf] pGd"ng cleofg z'? eof] . sltko dflg;x?
;/sf/L tj/af6 k'gjf{;sf] gfddf / sltko dflg;x? cfkm'v;' L jg If]q km8fgL u/L j;f]jf; ug{
yfn] . h}ljs ljljwtfsf] lx;fan] cToGt} wgL /x]sf] of] lhNnfdf lhNnf jg sfof{non] jg ;+/If0f
/ ljsf;sf nflu ;fd'bflos jg ljsf;, sj'lnotL jg, wfld{s jg, ;fem]bf/L jg, r'/] ;+/If0f,
jGohGt' ;+/If0f, u}/sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ ljsf;, jg pBd ljsf; cflb sfo{sd| ;+rfng ub}{
cfPsf] 5 . ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkgsf] If]qdf lhNnfn] pknJwL xfl;n u/]sf] 5 .
!)=@ jg If]qsf] ljj/0f

s'n ;fd'bflos jg *& / sa'lnolt ag #&^ j6f /x]sf] 5, h;sf] If]qkmn qmdz
@!,!^^=$^ x]= / !,%@&=%& x]= /x]sf] 5 . lhNnfsf] ag If]qsf] ljj/0f lgDg cg';f/ /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf !)=! M pTkfbgzLn agsf] lsl;d / If]qkmnsf] ljj/0f

l;=g+= jgsf] lsl;d If]qkmn x]S6/df k|l| tzt s}l} kmot
!= ;fn 3,607=5 70
@= ;fn t/fO{ xf8{p8 408=3 8
#= t/fO{ xf8{p8 1,170=1 22
hDdf 5,185=9 100
;|f]tM lhNnf jg sfof{no, lrtjg
164
tflnsf !)=@ M ;d'bfoåf/f Jojl:yt agx?sf] ljj/0f

l;=g+= jgsf] lsl;d ;+Vof If]qkmn x]S6/df nfeflGjt 3/w'/L
!= ;fd'bflos jg 87 21,166=46 43,313
#= wfld{s jg 4 9=87 –
$= sa'lnolt jg 376 1,527=57 2,467
%= lghL jg 211 272=66 –
!)=@ =! wfld{s jg
o; lhNnfdf wfld{s jgx?sf] ;+Vof $ j6f 5g\ . lo jgx?sf] If]qkmn (=*& x]S6/ /x]sf]
5 . lo :yfgx?sf jg If]qdf d7 dlGb/x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . sltko 7fpFdf dlGb/ /x]sf] jg
If]q ;fd'bflos jgsf] ¿kdf x:tfGt/0f ePsf] / ;f] jgsf] gfd dlGb/sf] gfpdf g} /fVg]
ul/Psf] 5 . ;fd'bflos jgsf] ¿kdf x:tfGt/0f ePtfklg dlGb/ jl/k/Lsf] ¿v lj¿jf gsf6\g,]
;+/If0f ug]{ / wfld{s sfo{ jfx]s cGo sfddf pkef]u ug{ gx'g] :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf] egfO /x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf !)=# wfld{s jgx?sf]] ljj/0f
l;=g+= wfld{s jgsf] gfd jgsf] gfd 7]ugf If]qkmn x]= s}lkmot
# dxfaf}¢ u'Daf wfld{s jg u'Daf jg e/tk'/ d=g=kf= ! 1=44
$ cf]d zflGt wfld{s jg ef]hf8 jg e/tk'/ d=g=kf= !! 3=0
% sflnsf eujlt wfld{s jg zlQmvf]/ sflnsf g=kf= * 3=0
^ u0f]z:yfg wfld{s jg u0f]z:yfg jg e/tk'/ d=g=kf= ! 2=43
:yfgLo >f]t gS;fÍg kl/of]hgf (LRMP) cg';f/ o; lhNnfsf] s"n e"efu dWo] ^@=(@%
e"–efu jg If]qn] 9fs]sf] 5 . o;} u/L ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL cg';f/ lhNnfsf] s"n If]qkmn
@@#*=#( ju{ ls=dL= dfGbf, jgn] 9fs]sf] If]qsf] If]qkmn !$)*=#( ju{ ls=dL= x'g
cfpF5 . To:t} 3f+;] d}bfg sf] If]qkmn ^=)@% cyf{t !#$=&% ju{ ls=dL= x'G5 .
;f]lx LRMP sf] tYofÍ cg';f/ s"n ^@=(@% jg If]q dWo] klg )=!^% -#=%* ju{
ls=dL=_ sf]0fwf/L jg (Coniferous), $@=^^% -(%$=*( ju{ ls=dL=_ ;fn jg @)=!)%
-$$(=(! ju{ ls=dL=_ ;+/lIft jg (Protected) elg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . t/ lHNnf jg sfof{no,
lrtjgsf] k|sfzgsf cfwf/df lhNnfsf] s'n If]qkmn @,!*,))) x]S6/ dWo] !,@*,%)) x]= jg If]q
/x]sf]df *#,%^$ x]= lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h / lhNnf jg sfof{no, lrtjg cGtu{tsf] $$,(#^
x]= kb{5 h; dWo\ !),#)@ x]= jg If]q j/08fef/ ;+/lIft jgn] cf]u6]sf] 5 .
tflnsf !)=$ lhNnfsf] jg If]qsf] ljj/0f
l;=g+= ljj/0f If]qkmn -x]=_ s}lkmot
! s"n jg 2,18,000
@ /fli6«o lgs'~h jg 83,564
165
l;=g+= ljj/0f If]qkmn -x]=_ s}lkmot

# cGo jg 44,936
! dWojtL{ jg 10,302
@ ;fd"bflos jg 21,166=46
# lghL jg 173.66
$ sj'lnotL jg 1527=57
o; cg';f/ lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGo hGt' cf/If If]q leq ePsf] jg If]qsf]
Joj:yfkg /fli6«o lgs'~h sfof{non] g} ub{5 . To; jfx]s cGo jg dWo] klg s]lx jg If]q
pQm lgs'~h If]qsf] jl/kl/ dWojlt{ If]q (Buffer zone) sf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 / To;sf] Joj:yfkg
/fli6«o lgs'~h / dWojtL{ If]q Joj:yfkg sfof{non] ub{5 .
To; jfx]ssf] jf+sL jg If]qsf] Joj:yfkg ;/sf/, ;d'bfo, Pj+ lghL If]qjf6 x'g] u/]sf]
5 . t/fO{ tyf leqL dw]zdf /x]sf] /fli6«o cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug]{ :yfgLo / /fli6«o cy{tGq
df 6]jf k'¥ofpg ;Sg] 7"nf 7"nf rSnf ePsf] pTkfbgzLn jg ;/sf/åf/f Jojl:yt 5 / o; lhNnfsf]
vf;u/L j/08fef/sf] gfdn] lrlgg] jg o;df kb{5 .To; jfx]s ;d"bfoåf/f Jojl:yt -;fd"bflos jg
/ kxf8L sj'lnotL jg_ / JolQm jf ;+:yfåf/f Jojl:yt -lghL jg / sj'lnotL jg_ 5 .
!)=# h}ljs ljljwtf

o; lhNnfdf h}ljs ljljwtf If]q sfo{qmd ;rfng eO/x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo
eg]sf] jg If]q;Fu ;DjlGwt ;+3 ;+:yf / ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ jLr ;dGjo u/fO{ ;j}sf]
;xdltsf] cfwf/df h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f tyf ;dtfd"ns cfly{s ljsf;sf] of]hgf tyf
sfof{Gjogsf] ;fy} jg If]qsf] lbuf] Jofj:yfkg / ljsf;nfO{ cfTd lge{/ jgfpg' /x]sf] 5 .
lhNnf jg sfo{no, lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h, dlxnf tyf jfnjflnsf sfof{no, ;z:q jg/Ifs
tflnd s]Gb|, l6sf}nL u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf, ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;d"xx¿, g]kfn, k|sl[ t
;+/If0f sf]if nufot lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltx¿n] sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf hgfPsf 5g\ . o:t} u/L
h}ljs ljljwtf ;DjGwL ;+sng ug]{ s]xL ;+ux| fno klg o; lhNnfdf 5g\ . h}ljs ljljwtf
;DjGwdf cWoog ug{sf] nflu /fdk'/ SofDk;sf] xj]l{ /od ;+ux| fno, lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'Gh
/x]sf] ;u|xfno, k|sl[ t ;+/If0f sf]ifdf /x]sf] ;+ux| fno cflb kb{5g\ .
h}ljs ljljwtfsf] b[li6sf]0fn] o; lhNnfdf d'Votof b'O{ If]qx?M lrtjg /fLi6«o lgs'~h
/ jL;xhf/L tfn dxŒjk"0f{ 5g\ . lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hnfO{ $# lsl;dsf dxŒjk"0f{
hgfj/x?sf] jf;:yfg ePsf] dflgG5 . lt dWo] ljZjd} clt b'ne{ dflgPsf] Ps l;+u] u}8+ f
nufot xfQL, jf3, lrt'jf, yf/, 3f]/n, lrQn, efn', cgf{, j+bn] , h/fof], d[u, uf}/LufO{, lgnufO{,
;fns, jf+b/, jglj/fnf], :ofn cflb x'g\ . To;}u/L lrtjgsf] h+undf d'Votof vo/, l;;f}, ;fn,
166
l;dn, s/df, 6f6/L, jf]6w}/f], l;l/;, hfd'g, Sofd'gf], 6'gL, ;lt;fn, ljho;fn, j]t, jf+;, lkkn, cdnf,
enfof], s';d' , c;gf, ;fh, rf+bd?jf, x/f],{ j/f],{ df}jf, lkknf, ef]nf],{ jo/, cflb nufot #*# lsl;dsf
jg:kltx? 5g\ eGg] cg'dfg 5 . To;}u/L o; lhNnfdf !^% y/Lsf] hl8j'6Lx? kfO{G5g .
To:t} oxf+ $%) eGbf j9L hftsf r/fr'?ËL kfO{G5g\ . r/fr'?ËLdf do"/, GofpnL, sflnh,
n'O+ r
{ ,] ltqf, ufug, xf+;, wg];, s¥ofËs'?Ë, ;'uf, ;f/;, rLn, d}gf, 9's/' , xn];f], sfu cflb
x'g\ . oxf+sf tfn gbL x?df !@) hftsf df5fx? kfO{G5g\ eGg] cg'dfg 5 .
To;} u/L jL;xhf/L tfn klg h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf] b[li6sf]0fn] lrtjgsf] Ps cd"No
lglw xf], h'g ljZjs} Ps pNn]Vo l;d;f/ If]qsf] gd"gfsf] ?kdf lrlgG5 . lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf]
l;dfgf /fKtL gbL b]lv pQ/ k"j{ tkm{ cjl:yt % xhf/ & ;o *! x]S6/ l;d;f/ h+un g} ;du|df
jL;xhf/L tfnsf] j[xt If]q xf], h'g ;d'b| ;txjf6 #)) ld6/sf] prfO{df /x]sf] 5 .
jftfj/0fLo ;f}Gbo{sf] ck"j{ ;+ud :yn jL;xhf/L tfn If]qdf ;fO{jl] /of nufotsf
7fpFx?jf6 df};d cg';f/ r/fr'?ËLx? j;fO{ ;/]/ #–$ dlxgf cjlw Joltt ug]{ ub{5g\ . o;/L
j;fO{ ;/]/ cfpg] r/fx? & b]lv ( k|sf/sf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . o; jfx]s tfnsf k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{;u+
;Ld;f/ If]qdf j:g ?rfpg] s/Lj !@) b]lv !@% k|sf/sf /lËlj/lË k+IfLx? /dfO{/x]sf x'G5g\ .
k+IfL cWoog / cjnf]sgsfnflu cToGt pko'Qm dflgPsf] o; :yndf ;f]xL k|of]hgsf] nflu
pNn]vgLo ;+Vofdf cfGtl/s tyf jfx\o b'j} lsl;dsf ko{6sx?sf] cf]O/{ f] nfUg] u/]sf] 5 .
!)=$ u|fdL0f tyf zx/L jftfj/0fsf] l:ylt

s"n e"–" efusf] ^@ k|ltzteGbf j9L xl/ofnL If]q ePsf] lrtjg lhNnfsf] jftfj/0fLo
;Gt'ng ck]Iffs[t ;Gtf]ifhgs ePsf] dfGg ;lsGGf . jf9L, klx/f] / jgh+unsf] cltqmd0f tyf
zx/L If]qdf a9\b} uPsf] k|bi' f0f jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] nflu r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf ;fljt ePsf 5g\ .
lhNnfsf zx/L If]q Pj+ zx/f]Gd'v If]qdf ;d]t jftfj/0f k|bi' f0fsf] dfqf j9\b} uO{ /fv]sf]
5 . o;df ljz]if u/L zx/L kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgsf] If]qdf ;+sng, disposal, tyf To;sf] clGtd
Joj:yfkgsf] kIfdf yk hl6ntfx? ylk+b} uPsf 5g\ . e/tk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] Ps tYofÍ
cg';f/ gu/ If]qdf dfq b}lgs !! d]=6=kmf]xf]/ pTkfbg ePsf] cg'dfg 5 . To;dWo] sl/j *)%
kmf]x/ k|fu+ fl/s k|sl[ tsf] 5 eg] jf+sL @)% Knfli6s nufotsf cGo kmf]xf]/ kb{5g\ .
kmf]x/ Joj:yfkgsf] kIfnfO{ x]bf{, *)% kmf]x/ k|fu+ fl/s k|sl[ tsf] ePsf] x'gfn] k|fu+ fl/s dn
jgfpg] Joj:yf ug]{ xf] eg] Psflt/ jftfj/0fLo k|bi' f0fdf sdL Nofpg ;lsG5 eg] csf]{ lt/
pQm dnsf] k|of]uåf/f s[lif pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 NofO{ s[ifsx?sf] hLjg:t/ psf:g
;lsg] ;fy} /f;folgs dnsf] k|of]uåf/f eO{/x]sf] jftfj/0fLo k|efjnfO{ klg sdL Nofpg ;lsg]
x'G5 . To:t} Knfli6s hGo kmf]x/nfO{ Reduction, Re-use, Recycle tyf Recovery k|lqmofåf/f
k|efjsf/L Joj:yfkg ug{ ;lsg] x'gfn] ;DjlGwt lgsfon] To; tkm{ Wofg k'¥ofpg' h?/L b]lvG5 .
clwsf+z s[lifdf cfwfl/t u|fdL0f jftfj/0fsf] l:ylt jf/] xfn;Dd s'g} cWoog ePsf] 5}g .
s[lifIf]qdf k|of]u x'g] /f;folgs dn tyf ljiffbLx? u|fdL0f jftfj/0f k|bi' f0fsf] If]qdf b]lvPsf
167
csf{ ;d:ofx? x'g\ . /f;folgs dnsf] j9\bf] k|of]usf] sf/0f Psflt/ df6f]sf] pTkfbsTj x|f;
eO{ hdLg e"d08nLs/0f tkm{ pGd'v 5 eg] csf]t{ km{ o:tf] dnsf] clgolGqt k|of]usf] sf/0f
j/k/sf hnfzox? k|bl' ift eO{ jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng lju|bf] tyf hnr/x? nf]k x'g] cj:yfdf
5g\ . To;}u/L, ls6gfzs ljiffbLx?sf] j9\bf] tyf clgolGqt k|of]usf] sf/0f u|fdL0f jftfj/0f
tyf hg:jf:Yodf gsf/fTds k|efj kl//x]sf] cj:yf 5 .
168
v08 !!
;fj{hlgs k|zf;g tyf tYofÍ sfof{no
!!=! tYofË sfof{no, lrtjg ;DaGwL hfgsf/L

!!=!=! sfof{nosf] kl/ro, cjl:ylt
s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefusf] :yfkgf tYofÍ P]g @)!% adf]lhd lj=;+=@)!% ;fn dfu{ !%
ut] ePsf] xf] . tYofÍ P]g, @)!% / lgodjnL, @)$! df Aoj:yf ePadf]lhd s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ
ljefusf] sfo{ ;Dkfbgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] lrtjg / lrtjg u/L @ lhNnf sfo{ If]q
x'g] u/L tYofÍ sfof{no, lrtjgsf]] :yfkgf lj=;+= @)%) ;fndf ePsf] xf] . xfn of] tYofÍ
sfof{no, lrtjg lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd e/tk'/ pk dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !) l:yt z+s/ky
6f]ndf /x]sf] 5 .
tYofÍ sfof{nosf] :yfkgfkl5 :yfgLo:t/df s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefuaf6 ;~rfng x'g] u0fgf
Pj+ ;j]I{ f0fx?df ;xof]uL e"ldsf lgefpg'sf] cltl/Qm tYofÍ sfof{nosf] cfk\mg} jflif{s sfo{qmd
klg ;~rfng x'b} cfPsf] 5 . lhNnf:t/df o; sfof{non] ;]jfu|fxL hgtfx?nfO{ ;j{;n' e?kdf
lgMz'Ns tYofÍ ;]jf pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . sfof{no :yfkgfkZrft :yfgLo:t/df tYofÍLo
ultljlwdf a[l4 x'b} uPsf] 5 .
!!=!=@ sfof{nosf] sfd M
s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefusf] dftxtdf /x]sf] tYofÍ sfof{nosf] sfo{x? b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf 5g\
s_ ljefuaf6 cfk\mgf] If]qdf ;~rfng ul/g] u0fgf Pj+ ;j]I{ f0fdf ;+nUg x'g] .
v_ ljefuaf6 lhNnf:t/df ;~rfng x'g] tflnd sfo{df ;3fp k'¥ofpg] / :yfgLo:t/df
sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ tflnd ;~rfng ug]{ .
u_ ljefun] lhNnfaf6 ;+sng ug{ c¥xfPsf Secondary tYofÍ ;+sng ug]{ .
3_ lhNnfsf] tYofÍ Profile tof/ ug]{ .
ª_ lhNnf ljsf;sf] lgldQ cfjZos tYofÍ pknAw eP gePsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
r_ lhNnf:t/Lo tYofÍ ljsf; sfo{qmd agfO{ s]Gb|df k7fpg] .
5_ j8f / u0fgf If]qsf] ;Ldfgf, w/ftn / 3/kl/jf/sf] lglb{i6 :yfg 5'6o\ fpg] u/L gS;f+sg ug]{ .
h_ lhNnf:t/Lo tYofÍLo lqmofsnfkx?sf] ;dGjo ug]{ .
!!=!=# sd{rf/L b/aGbL / sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] ljj/0f
tflnsf !!=! M sd{rf/L b/aGbL ;DaGwL ljj/0f
l;=g+= kb ;]jf, ;d"x >]0fL kb ;+Vof s}lkmot
! tYofÍ clws[t cfly{s of]hgf tyf tYofÍ, tYofÍ /f=k=t[=k|f= !
169
l;=g+= kb ;]jf, ;d"x >]0fL kb ;+Vof s}lkmot

@ ;'kl/j]Ifs cfly{s of]hgf tyf tYofÍ, tYofÍ /f=k=c=k|=,k|f= %
# n]vfkfn k|zf;g, n]vf /f=k=c=k|=,n]vf !
$ vl/bf/ k|zf;g, ;fdfGo k|zf;g /f=k=c=l4=, k|= @
% sfof{no ;xof]uL k|zf;g, ;fdfGo k|zf;g >]0fL ljlxg @ ! s/f/df
hDdf b/aGbL !#
tflnsf !!=@ M xfn sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?sf] ljj/0f

l;=g+= kb sd{rf/Lsf] gfd,y/ :yfoL 7]ufgf z}lIfs of]Uotf sfof{nodf sfo{/tb]lv
! tYofÍ clws[t hLjgfy cfrfo{ Kf]v/f n]vgfy–##,sf:sL :gftsf]Q/,hg;+Vof cWcog 2070÷9÷01
@ n]vfkfn wd{ k|;fb ;fksf]6f e=d=g=kf= , lrtjg :gftsf]Q/, ljQ 2073÷9÷01
# ;'kl/j]Ifs /]0f' l3ld/] /Tggu/, lrtjg :gfts, Joj:yfkg 2055÷02÷6
$ ;'kl/j]Ifs OGb|ljnf; sf]O/fnf e/tk'/, lrtjg :gfts, Joj:yfkg 2055÷02÷6
% ;'kl/j]Ifs ch'g{ clwsf/L e/tk'/, lrtjg :gftsf]Q/, ljQ 2058÷5÷25
^ ;'kl/j]Ifs rGb|sfGt a:g]t O:df, u'NdL :gftsf]Q/, ul0ft 2071÷05÷27
& ;'kl/j]Ifs xl/cf]d k|;fb rf]w/L g/xL, af/f :gftsf]Q/, tYof+s 2073÷8÷01
* vl/bf/ ljZjbz{g 9'u+ fgf /Tggu/, lrtjg :gfts, Joj:yfkg 2050÷4÷15
( vl/bf/ lLji0f' k|= kf}8n] e/tk'/, lrtjg P;=Pn=;L= 2052÷12÷16
!) vl/bf/ u'l8of cfrfo{ e/tk'/ , lrtjg P;=Pn=;L= 2052÷1÷3
!! vl/bf/ ;"o/{ fh lu/L s6f/L, pbok'/ :gfts, Joj:yfkg 2071÷09÷09
!@ sf=;= uf}/L sf]O/fnf e/tk'/, lrtjg cf7 kf; 2071÷10÷04
!# sf=; aufnf jflgof e/tk'/ , lrtjg P;=Pn=;L s/f/df
!!=!=$ tYof° sfof{no, lrtjgaf6 ;~rfng x'g] sfo{x?, k|bfg ul/g] ;]jfx? / ;f]sf] k|lqmofx?
-s_ ;~rfng x'g] sfo{x? M
l;=g+= ;~rfng x'g] sfo{x? ;~rfng x'g] k|lqmof
! tYofÍ ;+sngM s[lif, /fli6«o n]vf, ljefuaf6 5flgPsf If]qdf k|fKt lgb]z
{ fg';f/
d"No tyf ;"rsf+s, pBf]u / ljefun] cGt/jftf{÷k|ZgfjnLsf] k|of]u u/L tYofÍ ;+sng ug]{ .
tf]ss
] f cGo sfo{qmdx? .
@ tYofÍ k|sfzg tyf ljt/0f ug]{ . tYofÍ sfof{nosf] k|sfzg Pj+ ljefuaf6 k|fKt tYofÍ Pj+
k|sfzgx? ljleGg JolQm, ;+3;+:yf / sfof{nox?nfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .
# tYofÍ clen]vg ug]{ . s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu / cGo sfof{no tyf ;+3 ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt
tYofÍ Pj+ k|sfzgx?sf] clen]v /fVg] .
$ lhNnf:t/Lo tYofÍLo lqmofsnfksf] lhNnfsf ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L sfof{no, tYofÍ k|of]ustf{x?aLr
;dGjo ug]{ . uf]i7L, a}7s cflb dfkm{t ;dGjosf] sfo{ ug]{ .
170
-v_ k|bfg ul/g] ;]jfx? M

!= j8f txsf] M hg;+Vof, 3/kl/jf/ / lhNnf txaf6 ;+slnt / k|If]lkt ljj/0f .
@= uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= txsf] M If]qkmn, hg;+Vof, ;fIf/tf, hfthflt, wd{, dft[efiff, s[ifs
kl/jf/, u}/s[lif kl/jf/ / lhNnf txaf6 ;+slnt / k|If]lkt ljj/0f .
#= lhNnf txsf] M hgu0fgf, s[lifu0fgf / cf}Bf]lus u0fgfsf glthfx?, lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f
/ kmf]N8/ cflb .
$= If]qLo tyf /fli6«o txsf] M hgu0fgf, s[lifu0fgf, cf}Bf]lus u0fgf, g]kfn hLjg:t/ /
>dzQmL ;j]I{ f0fsf glthfx?sf cfjlws k|sfzgx?, lgoldt k|sfzgx? / cGo
k|sfzgx?sf] tYofÍ pknAw u/fpg] .
-u_ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] k|lqmof M

!= o; sfof{nosf] hg;Dks{ kmfF6 tyf nfOa|/] Ldf lnlvt jf df}lvs?kdf cfjZos k/]sf]
tYofÍ dfu ug'k{ b{5 .
@= nfUg] ;do M tof/L cj:yfdf eP lgj]bg k]z ug]l{ jlQs} / tof/ ug{k' g]{ eP
kl/df0fcg';f/ tTsfn .
#= ;]jf tyf cGo b:t'/ z'Ns M lgMz'Ns t/ k':ts vl/b u/]df nfUg] .
$= u'gf;f] tyf ph'/L ;'Gg] lhDd]jf/ AolQm M sfof{no k|dv
' .
-3_ k':tsfnosf] :yfkgf / k|of]u M

tYofÍ sfof{no ;'b9[ Ls/0f sfo{qmdcGt{ut o; sfof{nodf cf=j= @)^#÷^$ b]lv
k':tsfno tyf ;"rgf sIfsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . sfof{nosf] klxnf] tnfsf] ;Dd'v sf]7fdf
k':tsfno tyf ;"rgf sIf /x]sf] 5 . k':tsfno tyf ;"rgf sIf :yfkgf ePkl5 @ j6f /fli6«o
b}lgs uf]/vfkq, sflGtk'/ tyf s]xL :yfgLo b}lgs tyf ;fKtflxs kqklqsfx?, k':tsx?;lxt
;"rgf tyf tYofÍx?nfO{ Aojl:yt ul/Psf] 5 . k':tsfnodf s';L{ 6]an,;f]kmf cflbsf] Aoj:yf
u/L ;j{;fwf/0fx?nfO{ cWoog ug{ ;j{;n' e ul/Psf] 5 . k':tsfnodf dfu]sf] avt tYofÍ
pknAw u/fpg] u/L sd{rf/Lsf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . tYofÍ sfof{nodf pknAw ePsf tYofÍ
Copy ug{ lbg], sDKo'6/ lk|G6 ug]{ / kmf]6f]skL ug{ lbg] Aoj:yf /x]sf] 5 . sfof{no ;doe/L
k':tsfno sIf v'nf /xg] u/]sf] 5 . s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefusf k|sfzg, tYofÍ sfof{nox?sf]
k|sfzg, sfe|k] nf~rf]s, l;Gw'kfNrf]s / bf]nvf lhNnfsf ljleGg sfof{no / ;+3;+:yfx?af6
k|sflzt k':tsx? / cGo lgsfosf k|sfzgx? clen]vsf ?kdf k':tsfnodf /flvPsf] 5 .
k':tsfno :yfkgf ePkl5 sfof{nosf] ultljlwdf a[l4 x'b} uPsf] 5 .
-ª_ tYofÍLo k/fdz{ M
o; sfof{noaf6 lhNnfl:yt tYofÍ pTkfbg ug]{ lgsfox? h:t} M lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf]
sfof{nodf /x]sf] ;"rgf tyf clen]v s]Gb|, lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] tYofÍ zfvf, s[lif ljsf;
171
sfof{nosf] of]hgf zfvf, lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{nosf] tYofÍ zfvf, cGo ;+3;+:yfx? cflbdf
sfo{/t hgzlQmx?nfO{ cfjZos kbf{ tYofÍLo /fo ;Nnfx tyf k/fdz{ lbOO}+ cfPsf] 5 .
lhNnfdf /x]sf SofDk; tyf ljBfnox?nfO{ hg;+Vof tyf tYofÍsf] af/]df cfjZostfcg';f/sf]
cjwf/0ff tyf k/fdz{ ;d]t lbOb} cfPsf] 5 .
-r_ cGo lgsfo;Fusf] ;xsfo{ M

o; sfof{non] lhNnfsf ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?df pTkfbg x'g] tYofÍLo sfo{df
;xof]uL e"ldsf lgefpb} cfPsf] 5 . lhNnfsf ljleGg sfof{no tyf ;+3;+:yfx?sf] k|fk] mfO{n
tof/Lsf] nflu txfFaf6 dfu eP adf]lhd o; sfof{noaf6 k|fljlws ;xof]u ul/Psf] lyof] .
!!=@ lhNnfl:yt ljleGg sfof{nox?

lhNnf l:yt ljleGg ;/sf/L sfof{no tyf ;+:yfx?sf] gfd / ;Dks{ gDa/x? lgDg cg';f/
/x]sf] 5 .
tflnsf !!=# lhNnf l:yt sfof{nox?sf] gfd,k|d'vsf] kb / kmf]g gDj/

l;=g= sfof{nosf] gfd k|dv' kb sfof{no /x]sf] :yfg kmf]g g+
!= lrtjg lhNnf cbfnt lh=GofofwLz e=d=g=kf=!) %@)!#&
@= lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{n, lrtjg k|=lh=c= e=d=g=kf=!) %@!($$
#= b km]dz dx]Gb| bn u0f e/tk'/ Jof/]s k|dv ' ;]gfgL e=d=g=kf=!) %@)@@@
$= >Lh+u u0f, s;/f ,, hutk'/ ! zflr/fgL %@!&^(
%= lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no k|x/L pkl/Ifs e=d=g=kf= !) %@)!%%
^= h'lgo/ k|x/L clws[t lzIffno k|=gf=d=lg= e=d=g=kf=!) %@)(*!
&= lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfof{no :yf=lj=c= e=d=g=kf=!) %@)##@
*== sf]=n]=lg=sf= lrtjg k|=sf]=lg= e=d=g=kf=!) %@)@^)
(= lhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no lh=Gof=j= e=d=g=kf=!) %@)#@@
!)= dfnkf]t sfof{no k|=df=c= e=d=g=kf=!) %@)!(!
!!= cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{no, k|=s=c= e=d=g=kf=!) %@)@)^
!@= lhNnf lzIff sfof{no lh=lz=c= e=d=g=kf=!) %@)!%!
!#= lhNnf jg sfof{no lh=j=c= e=d=g=kf=!) %@)@!%
!$= l8lehg ;8s sfof{no g+= # l8= k|dv ' e=d=g=kf=!) %@!$!*
!%= dWodfGrn l;+rfO{ ljsf; l8=% l8= k|dv ' e=d=g=kf=!) %@)!(!
!^= vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg l8= k|dv ' e=d=g=kf=!) %@)!@!
!&= lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no a=k=lr= e=d=g=kf=!) %@)!&^
!*= dT:o ljsf; s]Gb| e08f/f sf=k|= /fKtL, e08f/f %@(#*%
172
l;=g= sfof{nosf] gfd k|dv' kb sfof{no /x]sf] :yfg kmf]g g+

!(= e'ldut hn l;+rfO{ cfof]hgf, v}/xgL cfof]hgf k|= v}/xgL %*@#%@
@)= /fli6«o sf]z
] j] fnL lj= sfo{qmd, /fdk'/ sfof{no k|= e=d=g=kf= ,/fdk'/ %*!))(
@!= /fli6«o ds}jfnL cg';Gwfg, /fdk'/ sfof{no k|= ,, %*!))!
@@= ejg lgdf{0f tyf zx/L ljsf; sfof{no l8=OGhLlgo/ e=d=g=kf= !) %@)!$(
@#= lr=/f=lg= s;/f k|=;=c= s;/f %@($)%
@$= lhNnf x'nfs sfof{no lrtjg X'=clws[t e=d=g=kf= !) %@)@^!
@% ;xsf/L l8lehg tyf k|lzIf0f= sfof{no k|frfo{ e=d=g=kf=!) %@)!$%
@^= e/tk'/ gu/kflnsf lrtjg sfo{sf/L c= e=d=g=kf=!) %@)!^&
@&= lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no k|==h=:jf=c e=d=g=kf=!) %@)@^(
@*= lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no k|=s[=la=c e=d=g=kf=!) %@)!!%
@(= Dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no k|=d=lj=c= e=d=g=kf= !) %@@$!^
#)= gfkL sfof{no,e/tk'/ k|=gfkL clws[t e=d=g=kf=!) %@)!*(
#! tYof+s sfof{no, lrtjg tYof+s c= e=d=g=kf=!) %@)%)(
#@ lhNnf lgjf{rg sfof{no lh=lg=c= e=d=g=kf=!) %@%&(!
##= lj=kL=sf]O/fnf d]df]l/on SofG;/ x= lgb]z{ s e=d=g=kf= %@$%)!
#$= /f=c=lh=sf= pk cg'=lgb]z{ s e=d=g=kf= !) %@^#%#
#% sf/fuf/ sfof{no, e/tk'/ h]n/ e=d=g=kf=!) %@)!!$
#^= ofGqLs sfof{no e/tk'/ d]sflgs O= e=d=g=kf=!)
#&= lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no e/tk'/ l8lehg O{= e=d=g=kf=!) %@*&@)
#*= e/tk'/ cfvf c:ktfn sfof{no k|= e=d=g=kf=!) %@)###
#(= e/tk'/ c:ktfn d]= ;' e=d=g=kf=!) %@)$^)
$) e/tk'/ gful/s p8\8og sfof{no sf=k|= e=d=g=kf=!) %@)@%$
$!= /Tggu/ gu/kflnsf sfof{no sfo{sf/L c= /=g=kf=,as'n/ %^)@%$
$@= Onfsf k|zf;g sfof{no zf=c= Dff8L %##$)$
$# df8L gu/kflnsf sfo{sf/L c= Dff8L
$$ sflnsf gu/kflnsf sfo{sf/L c= sflnsf
$# v}/xgL gu/kflnsf sfo{sf/L c= v}/xgL
$^ /fKtL gu/kflnsf sfo{sf/L c= /fKtL, e08f/f
$& OR5fsfdgf ufpFkflnsf sfo{sf/L c= s'l/g6f/
$* dfnkf]t sfof{no, df8L zf=c= Dff8L
$( gfkL sfof{no, df8L gf=c= Dff8L
%) dfnkf]t sfof{no, v}/xgL zf=c= v}/xgL
%! gfkL sfof{no, v}/xgL gf=c= v}/xgL
173
l;=g= sfof{nosf] gfd k|dv ' kb sfof{no /x]sf] :yfg kmf]g g+

%@ dfnkf]t sfof{no, rgf}nL zf=c= rgf}nL
%# gfkL sfof{no, rgf}nL gf=c= rgf}nL
%$= s[=lj= a}s + tyf lg=sfof{no zf=k|= e=d=g=kf= !) %@)!!@
%%= s[lif ljsf; a}s + s}l+ sª sfof{no zf=k|= e=d=g=kf= !) %@)$%$
%^ /f=jf= a}s + , e/tk'/ k|jGws e=d=g=kf=!) %@@@)&
%&= g]kfn a}s+ lnld6]8, gf/fo0fu9 ,, e=d=g=kf= # %@)%&)
%* g]kfn ljB't k|flws/0f,e/tk'/ sfof{no k|= e=d=g=kf= !) %@)#@(
%(= b'/ ;+rf/ sfof{no, e/tk'/ ,, e=d=g=kf=!) %@!$$$
^)= b'/ ;+rf/ sfof{no, 6fF8L ,, /=g=kf= %^)!$$
^! hgs lzIf ;fdfu|L s]Gb| pklgb]z { s e=d=g=kf= !) %@)#@!
^@ ;femf k|sfzg If]qLo sfof{no If]lqo k|dv' e=d=g=kf=!) %@!@!&
^#= /fli6«o ljdf ;+:yfg, e/tk'/ sfof{no k|= e=d=g=kf=!) %@!$*%
^$ g]kfn kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;+3 zf=k|dv ' e=d=g=kf=!) %@)!^$
^% ;fN6 6«l] gª skf]/{ z ] g ;+3 k|jGws e=d=g=kf=!) %@)@!&
^^= ljB't k|flws/0f, 6f8L sf=k|= /Tggu/, 6f8L
^& g]kfn a}s + lnld6]8, k;f{ zf=k|= v}/xgL
^*= s[lif ljsf; a}s + , k;f{ zfvf k|jGws v}/xgL
^(= lsDj' g;{/L Joj:yfkg s]Gb| Jof=ls=c= lrtjg
&) s[lif ;fdfu|L ;+:yfg sf=k|= e=d=g=kf= !) %@)!!#
&! /]zd v]tL ljsf; sfo{qmd sf=k| e08f/f %@(#(!
&@ :66 kmfd{ ;]G6/ ,e/tk'/ k|f=;]gfgL e=d=g=kf= !) %@!%&%
&# /fli6«o k+IfL /f]u cGj]if0f k|=, lrtjg a=k=lr= e=d=g=kf= !) %@&%$!
;Gb{e ;fdfu|Lx?
• lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f, lrtjg @)&!, tYofÍ sfof{no, lrtjg
• http://www.cbs.gov.np
• lrtjg lhNnfsf] kfZj{ lrq, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, lrtjg
• lrtjg lhNnfsf] ko{6g ljsf; of]hgf, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, lrtjg
• ;xsf/L ultljlw @)&@÷&#, l8lehg ;xsf/L sfof{no, lrtjg
• lrtjg z}lIfs bk{0f, @)&!, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, lrtjg
• lhNnf jg sfof{no, lrtjgsf] jflif{s sfo{qmd ,] @)&@÷&#
• lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf @)&!÷&@, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, lrtjg
• jflif{s s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf tYofÍ k'l:tsf, @)&@÷&#, lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, lrtjg
• jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg tyf tYofÍ k'l:tsf, @)&@÷&#, lhNnf kz';j] f sfof{no, lrtjg
• http://www.dmgnepal.gov.np
• http://www.landdepartment.gov.np
• http://www.dcsi.gov.np
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tYofª\s sfof{no, lrtjg

!) d}lynL 3572 2190 1382 0=6 2 1073

l;=g= ljj/0f lrtjg g]kfn

$=! zx/Ls/0f tyf j:tL ljsf;sf] :j?k

$=@ j:tLx? (Settlements)

$=# a:tL ljsf;sf] :j?k a:tL >[vnf

ljleGg :yfgdf /x]sf ahf/ s]Gb|x? lgDg 5g\ .

tflnsf $=# zx/L hg;+Vof ljj/0f

%=! lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ;+/rgfTds :j?k

%=@ lhNnfsf] cy{tGqsf] ljlzi6Ls/0f

%=# If]qcg';f/ /f]huf/Lsf] l:ylt

%=% s[lif tyf l;+rfO{ If]q

%=%=! s[lif ;DaGwL cfwf/e't ljj/0f

tflnsf %=$ e'–pkof]u

@ :yfoL jfnL nfu]sf] (Permanent crops) 1377=2 3=39

tflnsf %=^ l;rfO{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f

tflnsf %=& lrtjg lhNnfsf] l;+rfO{sf] l:ylt

qm=;+= ljj/0f If]qkmn

tflnsf %=!) s[lif ks]6 If]qsf] ljj/0f

%=%=% s[lif pTkfbg ;DaGwL ljj/0f

tflnsf %=!@ M k|d'v s[lif jfnLx¿sf] pTkfbg tyf 9fs]sf] If]qkmn

tflnsf %=!# lrtjg lhNnfsf] jfnL kfqf]

sd{l;on n]o;{ ;+Vof M #*&&@^#

%=^ ;xsf/L ;+:yf tyf ljQLo ;+:yf

tflnsf %=!& ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ljj/0f cf=j=@)&#÷&$

tflnsf %=!* pBf]ux¿sf] ljj/0f cf=j=@)&#÷&$

%=&= ! vlgh ;Dkbf

tflnsf %=@# vlgh ;Dkbf ljj/0f

^=*=! lrtjgsf] ko{6g l:ylt

^=! ;8s oftfoft

tflnsf ^=! ;8s k"jf{wf/sf] l:ylt

tflnsf ^=@ lhNnfsf d'Vo ;8s dfu{sf] ljj/0f

^=@ xjfO{ ;]jf

^=# ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/

tflnsf ^=# lhNnfdf ;"rgf tyf ;+rf/ dfWod ljj/0f

tflnsf ^=$ x'nfs ;DaGwL ljj/0f

;|f]t M lhNnf x'nfs sfo{fno, lrtjg

&=$=@ b"/ ;~rf/ -6]lnsd ;]jf_

tflnsf ^=% g]kfn 6]lnsdsf] ;]jf ;DaGwL ljj/0f –@)&#

lhNnfdf kqsfl/tfsf] ljsf;sf] nflu Pjd\ kqsfl/tfsf] xs clwsf/sf] nflu g]kfn

tflnsf ^=^ lrtjgsf kqklqsf ljj/0f

tflnsf ^=& /]l8of]x?sf]] ljj/0f

u= 6] l nlehg kqsf/LtfM lrtjgdf xfn ^ j6f 6]lnlehgx?n] ;d'bfodf ;"rgf Pj+

tflnsf ^=* 6]lnlehgx?sf] ljj/0f

^=$ ljB't tyf j}slNks phf{

tflnsf ^=( ljB't ;DefJotf ljj/0f

;|ft] M lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, lrtjg

tflnsf ^=!) cS;/ aQL jfNg] ;|f]t cg';f/ kl/jf/ ;+Vof

tflnsf ^=!@ lrtjg lhNnfdf k|of]u eO/x]sf j}slNks pmhf{ k|ljlwx?

qm=;+= k|0ffnLsf] ljj/0f g]kfn ;/sf/ s}lkmot

tflnsf ^=!# lrtjg lhNnfdf ;+rfngdf /x]sf k]N6«Ls ;]6sf] ljj/0f

;|ft] M lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, lrtjg

tflnsf ^=!% lrtjg lhNnfdf hgu0fgfsf]

^=$=$ kl/jf/df vfgf ksfpg cS;/ k|of]u ul/g] OGwg

tYofª\s sfof{no, lrtjg

tflnsf ^=!& lrtjg lhNnfdf vfgf

^=% vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{

tflnsf ^=!* vfg]kfgLsf] ;|f]t cg';f/ 3/kl/jf/ ;+Vof

tflnsf &=!M hgu0fgfx?sf cfwf/df ;fIf/tf b/df kl/jt{g