cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.

s;d jHdmdrfha
jir 25l .uka uÕ yd bÈßh

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha m%ldYkhls

•1•
 cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha
jir 25l .uka uÕ yd bÈßh
m%Odk ixialdrl ( y¾uka l=udr

m%ldYkh ( cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh

wxl 10" u,aj;a; mdr" ñ.uqj'

ÿrl:k wxl ( +- 94 312 239 750 +- 94 773 184 532

*elaia wxlh ( +- 94 314 870 658

fjí msgqj ( www.nafso-online.org

m%ldYk wxl ( 72

ISBN No : 978-955-8103-34-0

m%:u uqøKh ( 2023 fkdjeïn¾ 21

oñ< mßj¾;kh ( msf,dñkd O¾ur;ak

ljr ks¾udkh ( kqjka m%§ma

uqøKh ( wl=r uqøK Ys,amsfhd iy m%ldYlfhda

mß.Kl
msgq ieliqu ( m%§ma ,laisß m%kdkaÿ

•2•
 msÿu
iq¿mkak ëjr" f.dú" lïlre" j;= lïlre" ;reK" ldka;d

iqjyila ckhdf.a whs;Ska Èkd §ug Tjqka iu`.

w;aje,a ne`o .ksñka
Tjqka iu`. .uka lrñka Tjqkaf.a y`vg fhdaO iúhla ùug
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh l<
udkqIsh iudc fufyjrg jir 25 .; j we;'
iudcfha È<skaodf.a isg l=uk ;rd;srul fyda mqoa.,fhl=f.a
iudc widOdrKhg tfrysj"
fkdìhj ish y`v wjê l<
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha
wñ, lemùu iksgqyka jk"
fukau wm jHdmdrh
Yla;su;a ck mjqrla u; f.dvk.kakg
tod isg wo olajd ish Èú ysñfhka lem lsÍï l<
j;auka cd;sl le`ojqïldr;=uka we;=¿
ish¨ md¾Yaj fj;
fuu iure l,dmh Tjqkaf.a Èßfhka isÿ l<
wñ, fufyjr w.hkakg f.!rjkSh Nla;Hdorfhka
mqofkuq fuf,i''''''''''''''

•3•
 mgqk
fm< .eiau msgq wxlh

1. wmf.a ±lau yd fufyjr '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 09

2. ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha jHdma;sh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 10
3. fmrjok ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 11
4. .re Tiaj¾,aâ *¾;a msh;=udf.a iqNdYsxikh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 13
5. .re úlagßka meúÈ fidfydhqßh" Ndrldr ixúOdk iNdm;s;=ñh f.a
iqNdYsxikh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 15
6. mßmd,k f,alï;=udf.a iqNdYsxikh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 16
7. m%Odk uQ,H ks,Odß;=udf.a iqNdYsxikh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 18
8. ysgmq mßmd,k ks,Odß;=ñhf.a iqNdYsxikh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 19
9. ;reK yd mdßißl iïnkaëldrf.a iqNdYsxikh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 22
10. cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha jHdma;sh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 23
11. cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha .uka u`. ^isxy,&''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 25

12. cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha .uka u`. ^oñ<&'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 71

13. tlai;a cd;Skaf.a iq¿mkak yd c,Ôù j.d j¾Ih - 2022'''''''''''''''''''''''' 121
14. fkdkj;sk bvï wr.,fha flá igykla'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 124
15. m%;sm;a;s wOHhk wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 126
16. ldka;d wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 128
17. ;reK yd mdßißl wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 140
18. cd;ska w;r ixjdoh ;=<ska iduh yd ixys`Èhdj f.dvke.sfï
ls%hdj,sh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 142
19. ;reKhska iu`. ixys`Èhdfõ ls%hdldß;ajh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 151
20. iq¿mkak ëjr u`.fmkaùï ud,dj ls%hd;aul lsÍu i`oyd
''wdishdkq yd meis*sla l,dmSh WmfoaYk ld¾hdxY ls%hdj,sh''''''''''''''''''''''' 154
21. cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; %s a udOH Ndú;h'''''''''''''''''' 161
s d jHdmdr ld¾hdxYh yd Èia;l

•4•
22. Èia;s%la ixúOdk cd,fha ls%hdldß;ajh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 166
I. ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh" ud;r'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 166
II. ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh" .d,a,''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 169
III. l¿;r ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 172
IV. YS% úuqla;s ëjr ldka;d ixúOdkh" ó.uqj''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 179
V. Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" mq;a;,u'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 182
VI. Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" ukakdru''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 184
VII. Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" hdmkh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 186
VIII. Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" ls,sfkdÉÑh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 189
IX. Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" uq,;sõ'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 199
X. Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" uvl,mqj''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 198
XI. Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" wïmdr'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 202
XII. W!j fj,a,iai ldkakd ixúOdkh" fudkrd.,'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 206
XIII. m%cd iyfhda.s;d ixioh" l=reKE.,''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 208
XIV. Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" ;s%l=Kdu,h'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 193
XV. ñßÈh ëjr ixúOdkh" fmdf<dkakrej'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 210
XVI. .re f;dauia fldÉfpß msh;=uka ms<sn| flá igyk'''''''''''''''''''''' 212
23. cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ld¾hdxY ld¾h uKav,h''''''''''''''' 213
24. cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.;
s d jHdmdrfha Èia;l %s a iïnkaêldrljreka yd
''iïnkaêldrljßhka''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 216
25. cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha iÔjl yd iÔúldjka'''''''''''''''''''''' 219
26. foaYSh ifydaor ixúOdkj, iqNdYsxik'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 223
I. isßu,a mSßia uy;df.a iqNdYsxikh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 223
II. kS;S{ iïm;a mqIaml=udr uy;df.a iqNdYsxikh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 224
III. wreK Ydka; uy;df.a iqNdYsxikh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 225
IV. pñ,d ;=Idß uy;añhf.a iqNdYsxikh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 226

•5•
 V. fu,ks udfk,a uy;añhf.a iqNdYsxikh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 227
VI. wð;a yeâ,s uy;df.a iqNdYsxik'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 228
VII. fkdfh,a ls%iaáka meúÈ fidhqßhf.a iqNdYsxikh''''''''''''''''''''''''' 229
VIII. Ñka;l rdcmCI uy;df.a iqNdYsxikh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 230
IX. i÷ka ;=vq., uy;df.a iqNdYsxikh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 232
X. m%§md iqo¾Yks uy;añhf.a iqNdYsxikh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 233
XI. úl,amks wdh;kfha iqNdYsxikh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 234
XII. moaud mqIamldka;s uy;añhf.a iqNdYsxikh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 235
XIII. huqkd fukaäia uy;añhf.a iqNdYsxikh" le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h''''''' 236
XIV. Wmd,s wurisxy uy;df.a iqNdYsxikh" le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h'''''''''' 237
XV. uydpd¾h Ô'l=,r;ak uy;df.a iqNdYsxikh" le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h '''''''''' 238
XVI. uydpd¾h iqukisß ,shkf.a uy;d iqNdYsxikh" úY%dñl"
fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,h'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 239
XVII. mqxÑrd, fidauisß uy;df.a iqNdYsxikh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 240
XVIII. fYydka fhkql uy;df.a iqNdYsxikh" ;reK jHdmdrfha iNdm;s '''''''''''' 240
27. yjq,aldr md¾Yj ixúOdkj, iqNdYsxik''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 241
I. Alex. Van Arkadie, Rome''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 241
II. Alternatives - CANADA'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 242
III. CAFOD - UK ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 243
IV. International Network for a Human Economy – INHE'''''''''''''''''''' 245
V. From Md. Mujibul Haque Munir, COAST Foundation, Bangladesh................... 246
VI. Valery, Eileen, and the whole team of PHP''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 248
VII. FIAN International''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 249
VIII. PAN Asia Pacific'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 250

•6•
 IX. Asian Health Institute (AHI)''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 251
X. Kathmandu, Nepal.''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 252
XI. SSF''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 253
XII. ESCR Net work ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 254
28. úfYAI jHdmD;s''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 255
I. NAFSO builds bridges for refugee empowerment'''''''''''''''''' 255
II. lrej,.iajej" kS,neïu kS, yß; ldnksl f.dúm,'''''''''''''' 262
29. cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s `oj ck woyia '''''''' 267
s d jHdmdrfha 25 .uka u`. ms<n
s d jHdmdrh'''''''''' 273
30. iqkdñfhka miq h<s f.dvke.Sug w; ÿka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.;

31. cd;sl ldka;d iïfï,kfha iqNdYsxikh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 283

32. W;=re m<d;a ldka;d iïfï,kfha iqNdYsxikh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 284
33. kef.kysr m<d;a ldka;d iïfï,kfha iqNdYsxikh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 285
34. W;=re m<d;a ldka;d yf`vys iqNdYsxikh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 286
35. cd;sl jD;a;Sh iñ;sfha iNdm;s;=udf.a iqNdYsxikh''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 287
36. cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; a ,hsk'a '''''''''''''''' 288
s d jHdmdrh f.dvke.Sug Wr ÿka mqo.
37. jir 25la wm miq l< .uka uf.ys ,o ch.%ykj,ska w;eUq,la'''''''''''''''''' 290
38. cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh uqøKh l< m%:u fmdiagrh''''''''''''''''294
39. cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha m%ldYk''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 295
40. miqjok''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 298

•7•
•8•
 ±lau
—ksoyia yd idOdrK iudchla˜

fufyjr
—ëjr ck;d jHdmdrh f.dvke.Su ;=<k s a
YS% ,xldfõ ;srir ëjr l¾udka;hla
ia:dms; lsÍu˜

•9•
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha jHdma;sh

• 10 •
 fmrjok
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djfha jir 25 l .uk yd bÈßh

1997 isg jir 25 la iajdëkú;a thg fmr 1992 isg 1997

olajd jQ wdrïNl jir 05 la cd;sl fifvla wdh;kh
yryd;a jir 30 l .ufka wms cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh f,i .ufka iajdëkj osh;a l< ls%hdldß;ajh
wms 2022 jif¾ § iuruq' fuu ls%hdj,sh wdrïNfha isá
fndfyda mshjre yd fidhqre fidhqßhka wo wm w;r
fkdue;sjqj;a Tjqka ëjr jHdmdrhg oelajQ lemùu wms
fuys§ f.!rjfhka isysm;a lruq' fuu .ufka
ls%hdldß;ajh wdrïNfha isg u l=Kdgq" ndOl" .,amr
ueoska yd ye,yemams,s uOHfha .uka .;a nj uq,skau igyka lruq' wms wo olsk
fndfyda uq,Huh yd fN!;sl fuka u udkj iïm;a fkdue;sj wm lrk ld¾hhg
lemùfuka yd ysf;a ffO¾h;a hym;a iudchla i`oyd wmg l< yelsfoa Ôú; ld,h
;=< bgq l< hq;= njg mej;s wêYaGdkh ksid;a fuu .uk wo olajd o wLKavj .uka
l< nj i`oyka l< hq;=h'

b;du mSä; mjq,lska Ôú;h wdrïN lsÍu ksid;a tlS iuh ;=< orejka f,i wms
úos ÿIalr;d yd ÿla .sks ms<snoj;a" ÿmam;alu yd tys wdoSkhka jk" l=i.skak"
fõokdj" fkdi,ld yeÍu" fjkia fldgie,lSu" wj;lafiare lsÍï fuka u iudc
widOdrKh ms<snoj we;s w;aoelSu;a tys fõokdj fyd`oskau ud oek isàu ksid;a"
ixúOdk ls%hdj,sfhaoS meñKs ndOl ord .ekSfï Yla;sh fuka u wjfndaohla ud yg
fuka u iuia; lKavdhug;a mej;s ksidu wo olajd jir 25 la iajdëkj .uka
lsÍug wmg yels úh' fuh wm Ôj;a jk ld,h iSñ; jqj;a ta jir lsysmh ;=< jqj
o widOdrKhg tfrysj ls%hd;aul ùu i`oyd ish,a,kagu mkakrhla lr .; hq;=
njg i`oyka l< hq;=h'

wdrïNfhaou
S wmf.a b,lalh jQfha ëjr ck;d jHdmdrhla ;=<k
s a wdydr iaffjÍ;ajh
u; mokïj ;sridr ëjr m%;m
s ;a;h
s la f.dvke.Sug;a ta i`oyd cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r
;,fha isÿ lrk m%;m
s ;a;u
s h n,mEula yryd ueosy;a ùug yd úl,am f.dvke.Su
i`oyd wmf.a jHdmdrfha odhl;ajh ,ndoSug fhduq ùughs' fuu lsh
% dj,sh ;=< wmf.a
id¾:l;ajh we.hSug kï h<s yeÍ ne,Sug wmg isÿ fõ' ta wkqj wm fhdod .;a
úúOdldr jQ Wmdh ud¾. jQfha wdydr iaffjß;ajh f.dvke.Su"

• 11 •
udkj ysñlï iq/lSu i`oyd lsh % d;aul ùu" iajNdúl iïm;a iq/lSu i`oyd lsh % dldß;ajh
Èh;a lsÍu" ia;%S mqreI iu idOdrK;ajh ch.ekSu i`oyd lsh % d;aul ùu" mdßißl
hql; a h
s yd foaY.=Kl s úm¾hdihkag tfrysj ;reK lsh % dldß;ajhla osh;a lsÍu yd
w;sYhska jeo.;a cd;sl iu.sh" iduh yd ixys`oh s dj f.dvke.Su i`oyd lsh % dlsÍu hk
m%Odk f;aud yryd .uka lrñka w;am;a lr.;a ch.%yK rdYshla wm bosßfha we;'
wdydr iaffjß;ajh ms<n s oj" ks,a wd¾Ólh yd kS, hql; a h
s iy uy uqyf q oa uxfld,a,h
ms<ns `oj;a" f.da,h
S ixjdofha fldgialrejka f,i wmf.a m%cdj iïnkaO lsÍug wmf.a
m%h;akh wo M, ord we;' tfiau cd;sl ëjr m%;m s ;a;hs la f.dvke.Sfï m%h;akfha
os.j
= la f,iska f.da,h S jYfhka iq¿mkak ëjr m%cdjf.a ;srirNdjh yd ck;djf.a
wdydr iqrlaI; s ;djh Wfoid;a" /lshdjkays iqrlaI; s lsÍu i`oyd;a lsh % d;aul iq¿mkak
ëjr u`.fmkaùï ud,dfõ ixjdoh YS% ,dxlsl m%cdj w;rg f.k hdu;a" j.lSula iys;
ëjr l¾udka;hla i`oyd jk uÕfmkaùï ud,dj ck;djg ióm lsÍug .;a m%h;akhkq;a
fuu lreKq w;r m%uL q h'

l=Kdgq nyq, id.rhla ueoska .uka .;a wmf.a .ufka m%.;sh ms<snoj wo wmg i;=gq
úh yelafla fuu ls%hdj,sh ;=< f.dvke.S we;s ck;d kdhl;ajh úfYaIfhkau
ldka;djkaf.a kdhl;ajfha j¾Okh w;sYhskau m%YxYkShh' tfukau" mßirh ms<snoj
;reKhskaf.a lemùu yd ta i`oyd Tjqkaf.a m%drïNl ls%hdj,Ska ;j ;j;a fuu
.ufka bossßhg hdug wm osß.kajhs' fuu .ufkaoS wmf.a m%Odk wruqKla jQfha cd;sl
m%;sm;a;Skag foaYmd,k n,mEula l< yels ck;d kdhl;ajhla f.dvkekaùuhs' ta
i`oyd cd;sl jD;a;Sh ix.uh f.dvke.Su wmf.a Wmdh ud¾.h jq w;r wms tu
ÈYdjg l%u l%ufhka id¾:l;ajh lrd .uka .kakd nj i;=áka i`oyka l< hq;=h'

ta wkqj jir 25 la ;=< wmf.a .ukg odhl jQ ish¨u idudðl idudðldjkag"

lemùfuka ck;dj n,.ekaùug odhljQ lsh % dldÍka fuka u wd.ól kdhlhsk"a isú,a
ixúOdk lsh
% dldÍka wmg fuu lsh% dldß;ajh osh;a lsÍug iyh oelajQ udOH lsh
% dldÍka
yd wdh;k fuka u w;sYhska ÿIalr wjia:dj,§ mjd wm w;a fkdyer wm iu`. isá
ish¨ u iyhl uQ,H wdh;k lsh % dldÍkag wmf.a lD;{;djh fufia mqo lruq'

bÈßfha§ wmg uqyqK §ug we;s wNsfhda. ch .ksñka fmruqKgu hdug ish¨u
fokdf.au iyh;a" tfuka u tajd ch .ekSfï Yla;sh yd ish,a,kag ch m;ñka
fuu fudfyd; ieuÍug wm iu`. w;aje,a neo.;a Tn fuu .ufka bÈßhgu hdug
;jÿrg;a Yla;shla fjkq we;ehs wfmalaId iy.;j kj;sñ'
y¾uka l=udr
cd;sl leojqïlre
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh
2022 Tlaf;dan¾ 31 Èk §h

• 12 •
 National Fisheries Solidarity Movement

After twenty-five years of dedicated service to the

fisheries sector, Herman Kumara is today a house-
hold word among the fishing communities of South
and South-East Asia as well as countries where
fishing and fish processing have become a way of
life. My association with Herman dates back to the
1990s through some fortuitous circumstances,
when he was at the tail end of his university studies.
It was a time when the entire country was, for a
second time, experiencing the after effects of a
second youth uprising. A new generation of youth,
with talent, imagination and leadership was snuffed
out by military force with zero hopes for a better and brighter future.

The youth in the North had a similar story to tell, but with different actors in the form
of the Liberation Tigers whose vibrant attempts to create a separate state ended in
a military fiasco with the loss of over 40,000 lives. I came to know Herman through
Fr. Jayantha Pinnawela OMI, a most loyal friend and adviser. Jayantha was deeply
engrossed in finishing his Ph. D. dissertation on Existential Philosophy, nevertheless
found the time to list for me the potential of Herman. We, at Caritas Sri Lanka, offered
Herman a creative and constructive role in Caritas. He wanted time to deliberate on
the various options available. After six months of reflection and consultation Herman
agreed to cast his lot with us and became a vital component of our training outfit.

Around the year 1997 a consortium of Asian and European organizations that
had been working together to promote human development under the title: Asia
Partnership for Human Development (APHD) brought to the meeting a novel
concept on development. Up until them, those organizations receiving funds would
be recipients while those organizations with the European agencies would be the
traditional donors. They raise the questions and we furnish the responses. These
countries raise the funds while the Asian counterparts spend them. We write reports
and forward them while they read the reports and decide whether to fund them or
not. This model of dependency was no more acceptable to even the poorest countries
in Asia. Instead, a model where both donors and recipients would be members of a
common platform deliberating together on which projects would help achieve our
objectives and which projects would be an obstacle to achieving them. Herman was
present at the very heart of these meetings and brought to Caritas Sri Lanka/SEDEC a
sense of freshness and the challenge for appropriate change.
• 13 •
As mentioned, the year 1997was to be a very crucial and memorable year for Sri Lanka. It
is the year When APHD decided to launch its new objectives and strategies where partners
from Europe and Canada would choose to work with a partner(s) in Asia.

In the case of Sri Lanka many agencies demonstrated an avid interested, among
them Canada, the Netherlands, German and Great Britain. Sri Lanka's project was
a broad-based platform separated into four segments (farmers, fisher-people, tea
plantation workers and linking all of them would be the ‘Women's Development
Programme'). Herman Kumara was unanimously elected Convener Fisher-peoples'
Development Programme or more precisely, NAFSO Association for Fisheries…….
The organization started with just 15 members and soon grew in leaps and bounds
and currently has over 150-member organizations under its umbrella.

This consortium of fisheries organizations is perhaps the only organization of

its kind in Sri Lanka and that takes on major issues related to the fisheries sector
island- wide, notable among them being working with the international FAO on
food-security, principles and practices for sustainable fisheries, post-tsunami
coastal buffer-zones; 2017-18, appropriate laws for prevention of the nation's
oceanic resources being exploited;, fisher-people's rights to land and sea; prawn-
culture and rape of the coast, etc., tourist promotion, export promotion, blue justice;
exploring the concept of many-harbors, and so on.

Having worked strenuously to bring NAFSO onto the world fisheries map, Herman,
as if by instinct, was convinced that the link between NAFSO and the World Fishers
Forum could be built through the FAO. One possible avenue in this regard would be
to translate some important documentation of the FAO from English into Sinhala
that would contribute towards sustainable fisheries in a country that was almost
50% surrounded by the Indian ocean. India was too mighty an adversary to be
opposed singularly, but the guidelines when translated could be used as a deterrent
to keep the mighty opponents at bay. The title of the guidelines would read as
follows:- Guidelines for the Governance of Tenure and Voluntary Guidelines on
Small Scale Fisheries". These guidelines served as a Code of Conduct for anyone
engaged in reaping the treasures of the sea.
Thanks to Herman, those engaged in promoting the basic rights of the fisher people
have regained their voice as was evidenced in the poor people's struggle – translated
‘Aragalaya'- making it clear to the government that what the fisher people were
lobbying for was not welfare but everything that is related to their right to survival.
Rev. Fr. Oswald Bernard Firth (OMI)
Fomer Directer SEDEC (Caritas Sri Lanka)

• 14 •
 25 jirl ieureug iqn me;=ï

uq¿ uy;a YS% ,dxlSl iudchu fj,d.;a foaYmd,ksl

wêldß n,h ls%hd;aul lrñka we;s l< w¾nqoldß
jd;djrKh yuqfõ uq¿ uy;a iudchu wirKj
isák fudfyd;l iudc ls%hdldÍka f,i
wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK foñka bÈßhgu hk ëjr
iyfhda.s;djh" ëjr iudch mqrdu úisÍ isák
ëjr ck;djg w;aje,la ù" Tjqka n, .kajñka"
úl,am ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shla Èh;a lrñka"
fkdìhj" fkdfhla ndOl mrojñka 25 jirla
bÈßhg meñKSu w.h l< hq;= lreKls'

ëjr iyfhda.s;djfha le`ojqïlre we;=¿ ld¾h uKav,h iu`. m%dfoaYSh

kdhl;ajh fuu iaj¾Kuh 25 jir ;=< ck;dj talrdYs lrñka ±kqj;aNdjhg
m;a lrñka" ta ;=<ska ck;d kdhl;ajhla ìys lr" ëjr ck;djf.a wNsjDoaêh
fjkqfjka lem fjñka" TjqkAf.a ysñlï idOdrKj ,nd .ekSug" Tjqka wjÈ
lrùug" ±rE W;aiyhg WmfoaYl uKav,h fjkqfjka udf.a m%Kduh iu`.
wjxl iqn me;=ï Tn ieug ysñ fõ'

Tn ieuf.a m%h;ak ;=<ska Tn ,enQ ch.%yK w.h fldg i,lk w;r fï

;dlal,a Tn ,enQ cjh ;j;a Yla;su;a ù bÈß .ukg wjYH foaj wdYs¾jdoh
fkdu`oj ,eî u,a M, .ekafõjdhs udf.a me;=uhs'

úlagßka reøs.= meúos fidfydhqßh

Ndrldr ixúOdkfha iNdm;s;=ñh
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh

• 15 •
 mßmd,k f,alï;=udf.a iqNdYsxik

wms iq¿mkak ëjrhska i`oyd jvd hym;a fyg

ojila Wod lr ,Sfï mrud¾: we;s j ls%hd;aul jk
ixúOdkhla fjuq' jir 25 la mqrdjg iudc
ixj¾Okh fjkqfjka wLKavj ls%hd;aul ùu"
f,fyis myiq ld¾hhla fkdjk nj Tn o ud o
ms<s.kakd i;Hhls' cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrfhys wdrïNh o iSud" udhsï" rduq" u;jdo"
ixjdo" úixjdo u; mokïj isÿjQjls' wNsfhda.d;aul
mßirhla ;=< wdrïN ù" ck;d ixúOdk iyfhka
wNsfhda. ueo" úúO ÿIalr;djhkag uqyqK foñka" ch.%dys ux i,l=Kq miq
lrñka tys jir 25 l ie;mqï lKqj lrd m%fõY ùu ienúka u we.hSug"
ieuÍug yd tys bÈßh ms<sn`oj iss;Sug msUqre m;a ieliSug wjia:d Wod lr
§ we;'

ud cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfhys wdrïN idudðlfhl= fkdjqk o fuu

.uka uf`.ys jir 20 l ld,hl isg cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfhys
fufyjrg kka whqßka odhl fjñka wo jk úg tys mßmd,k f,alï OQrh
fydnjñka isá' iq¿mkak ëjrhska mokïj wdrïN l< ck;d ixúOdkh wo
jk úg mq¿,a lafIa;%hl tkï ëjr" f.dú" lïlre" j;= lïlre" wj;eka
ck;dj" .DyuQ,sl ck;dj" ;reK m%cdj" <uqka" ldka;djka" wdmod md;s%
ck;dj yd msguka l< ck;dj hk nyq úO wdldr iudc ia:rhkaj, ck;dj
n, .ekaùfï ld¾hfhys ksr; fjñka ëjr ck;d jHdmdrhla f,i j¾Okh
fjñka mj;s' y`ÿkd.;a Èia;s%lal lsysmhlska wdrïN l< ck;d ixúOdkfha
wo jk úg Èjhsk mqrd Èia;s%lal 15 úysÿKq cd,hla f,i f.dvke.s we;'
tmuKla fkdj m%dfoaYSh" cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r iïnkaO;djhka Yla;su;a
lrñka f.da,Sh jYfhka o tys kduh iksgqyka lsÍug yels ùu o" ixúOdkfha
ch.%yK udjf;ys iqúfYAIs ,CIKhls'

ëjr ck;djf.a whs;Ska" m%uqL ia:dkhlg f.dvke.Sug yels ùu Tn iy

wm ieuf.a iduQysl m%h;akhkaf.a m%;sM,hls' fuhg odhl jq ish¨ fokdg
jpkhlska fyda fufkys lsÍu hq;=lula fia ud i,lñ' wm cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha Yla;sh" idudðl ck;djhs' Tnf.a Yla;sfhka" rfgys
y`vla we;s" iudc fjkila i`oyd n,mEï l< yels"
• 16 •
yd Èjhsk mqrd úisreKq ck;d n,hla iys; ck;d ixúOdkhla f,i cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ku i,l=Kq ;nd we;' ëjr ck;d jHdmdrh Yla;su;a
lsÍu i`oyd wfkalúO whqßka odhl jq" ueÈy;ajq" lemlsÍï l< u`.fmkajq"
wm w;ßka fjka jq ck;d kdhlhska" kdhsldjka" j¾;udk kdhl kdhsldjka
yd idudðlhskaf.a lemùu w.h lrk w;ru" ;jÿrg;a Tjqkaf.a odhl;ajh
wfmaCId lrñ' tfukau" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha kdhl;ajh o"
fuu .uka uf.ys iqúfYAIs ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrñka" ixúOdkfha u`.fmkaùu
isÿ l<y' tfukau" ish¨u ld¾hdxY yd Èia;s%la ls%hdldÍkaf.a lemùu yd
tlaj lghq;= lsÍu ;=<ska ixúOdkhla f,i wm ,nd we;s ch.%yK <`.d lr
.;a nj igyka lr ;nñ'

ixúOdkh yd w;aje,a ne`o .;a ñ;% foaYSh yd úfoaYSh isú,a ixúOdk" uQ,H
wdh;k" wd.ñl ixúOdk yd kdhlhska" úoaj;=ka" jD;a;Shfõ§ka" udOHfõ§ka"
iqn m;kakka we;=¿ ish¨u md¾Yjlrejkaf.a odhl;ajh w.h lruq'

fuu ish¨ iqixfhda. iu`." wNsfhda. yuqfõ iq¿mkak ëjrhska we;=¿ wdmod
md;S%" iudcfhka msguka lrk ,o ck;dj fjkqfjka lrk iudc ixj¾Okh"
fiajd" ;j Ñrd;a l,la isÿ lsÍug yels fõjdhs m%d¾:kd lrñ'

m%§ma jks.iQßh
mßmd,k f,lï
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh

• 17 •
 NAFSO TURNS 25

It is with great happiness that I wish NAFSO a

happy 25th birthday. NAFSO which started as a
little plant has now grown into a large tree giving
shelter and strength, to the voice less people
from all walks of life, race, caste and creed.

It is my pleasure to look back and observe the

growth that the organization has gained during
the past 25 years. This was achieved through
good leadership, hard work and dedication of
our convener, all staff, leaders, volunteers and members present and past
who were involved in the movement.

Mind you the journey was never on a smooth path but was a road full of
many obstacles but we were able to overcome them successfully due to the
sincerity and the solidarity we had within our movement.

Our movement boasts staff and members from all the communities of our
country and we have given an example to the nation that all communities
can resolve their differences and coexist together in harmony if we can
respect and understand each other properly.

For the past 25 years we have stood with marginalized and oppressed sections
of our country not minding the criticism and threats from various fractions as
well as from the government. This was possible to the sheer dedication and
selfless efforts of all the brave personnel and members of our institution.

I wish that our movement will grow stronger more and more and serve
those who need the support to live as humans in this motherland of ours.

National Fisheries Solidarity, I salute you

Lawrence Shanthikumar
Accountant
National Fisheries Solidarity Movement

• 18 •
 úismia jirl mshigyka

ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ìys jQfha fifvla

wdh;kfha mqyqKq wxYfha tla jev fldgila
f,ighs' tjlg mqyqKq wxY Ndr m%Odks y¾uka
l=udr uy;d yd iïnkaO jq lrÈh" ñßÈh" l,mq
ëjr m%cdj iy Tjqkg hï lsis kdhl;ajhla
,nd ÿka mqoa.,hska lsysm fofkl=f.a o iyh
iys;j ëjr m%cdj ixúOdkh lrñka mej;=ks'
tjlg ud;r" l¿;r" ó.uqj" mq;a;,u hk
Èia;s%lalj, lrÈh iy mq;a;,u" l=reKE.,
moúh wkqrdOmqr" udÿre Th hk ñßÈh m%foaYj, yd ó.uqj l,mq wdYS%;j o
ëjr m%cdjf.a m%Yak yd .eg¨ y`ÿkdf.k ;sìK'

fï w;r;=r fifvla wdh;kfha md,k wêldßh yd Tjqkaf.a w;a;fkdau;sl

ls%hd yuqfõ ;jÿrg;a fuu jev ms<sfj, mj;ajdf.k hEug fkdyelsjq
neúka tu jev ms<sfj, 1997 cqks ui 08 jk Èk c.;a id.r Èkh yd
iu.dój iajdëk ixúOdkhla f,i fodrg jäk ,§' fuysÈ .S;d ,lañKs
jk ud úiska tu ixúOdkfha mßmd,k f,alï f,i iïnkaO jq w;r tys
cd;sl le`ojqïldr;=ud f,i m;a jq y¾uka l=udr uy;d iu`. tu iajdëk
jevms<sfj, f.dvke.Sug Wr §u b;du wiSre ÿlanr fuka u rij;a yrj;a
yd wkqfõokSh w;a±lSï iys; .ukl wdrïNhla f,i y`ÿkajñ'

lsisÿ uqo,la fkdue;sj ëjr iyfhda.s;djh f.dvke.Su wms fofokdg iqúi,a

wNsfhda.hla úh' /lshd úrys; tfuka u mjq,a n/;s wm fofokd fuu
l¾;jHhg lem ùuq' jer§ï" w;miq ùï" l,lsÍï" ch.%yK" m%Yxid iy
w;a±lSï nyq, wdldrfhka Èfkka Èk jeä j¾Okh lr .;a wm cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha m%.ukhg uQ,H odhl;ajh ,nd ÿka iaàõ we,aiagka
uy;d isysm;a lrkqfha yomsß ne;sfhks' wm fj; wdrïNfha§ fijK ,nd
ÿka iudÔh yd iduhsl flakaøfha ks¾ud;D ;siai nd,iQßh msh;=ud fuka u wm
fj; Ndrldr;ajh ,nd ÿka Tiaj,aâ *¾;a msh;=ud f.!rjfhka isysm;a lruq'

wm yd tla fjñka ;ju;a /f`oñka lghq;= lrk m%§ma ,laisß uy;d o

wdorfhka isysm;a lruq'

• 19 •
1997 j¾Ifha fï olajd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ish¨ ch.%yKj,
whs;sh wdorKSh ëjr ifydaor ifydaoßhkag ysñ úh hq;=h' tajd w;r 1998
j¾Ifha ,nd .kakd ,o u¾.Í:d ,sird.d iïudkh iy 2013 j¾Ifha ,nd
.kakd ,o wdydr iaffjÍ;ajh i`oyd jq ls%hdldß;ajh fjkqfjka wm we.hSug
,la lrk ,§' tfukau" wm úiska uqyqK ÿka iqúfYAIs wNsfhda. w;r 2004
j¾Ifha iqkdñh ye`Èkaúh yel' fu;=<ska wm idudðlhka ,CIhlg jvd
úm;g m;a jq w;r jákd ñksia Ôú; ;sia oyila muK wysñ úh' fuysÈ
jyd ls%hd;aul jq wm ls%hdldÍ lKavdhu wmf.au fm!oa.,sl uqo,ska CIKsl
wdydr iy we`ÿï ,nd §u wdrïN lrk ,oafoa ish¨u Èia;s%la wdjrKh jk
mßÈh' ta ta Èia;s%laj, j.lSu wm úiska fnod .kakd ,§' ud úiska ;s%l=Kdu,h
Èia;s%lalh ndr .kakd ,o w;r wm lKavdhfï ish¨u idudÔlhka iy fmdÿ
ck m%cdjf.a CIKsl wjYH;d iy È.= ld,Sk iyk iy kej; mÈxÑhg
wjYH mú;%;d lghq;= iy wfkl=;a myiqlï ,nd §u i`oyd lghq;= lrk
,oafoa wmQ¾j lKavdhï ye`.sfuks'

fï i`oyd ksis u`.fmkaùula y¾uka ifydaorhd úiska ,nd fok ,§' fï i`oyd
wmg HIVOS yd MISEREOR wdh;k o CAFOD wdh;kh o m%Odk jYfhka
iyh ,nd §u ms<sn`oj ;=;s mQ¾jlj u;la lrñ' flá ld,Sk fuka u È.=
ld,Sk iyh fuka u ksjdi wysñ jq m%cdj i`oyd l¿;r" .d,a," wïmdr
iy ;s%l=Kdu,h wd§ Èia;s%lalj, ksjdi idod §ug wmg yels ùu ,nd .;a
ch.%yK w;r fõ'

2001 j¾Ifha§ úl,am cd;sl ëjr m%;sm;a;sh ieliSu iy thg rcfha wkque;sh
,nd .ekSu o wm ,;a ch.%yKhls' 2002 j¾Ifha§ wm úiska W;=re kef.
kysr m%foaYj, jev lghq;= wdrïN lsÍu iqúfYAIs ls%hdj,shls' tl, rch
iy t,a'à'à'B ixúOdkh w;r tl`. ù ;snq igka úrdu .súiqu ;=< wm úiska
.uka l< hdmkh pdßldj wNsfhda.d;aul iy b;d ìhlre isysjgkhla úh'
tjlg hdmkh m%foaYhg .uka lsÍu ;%ia;jd§ka ±lSug hdula f,i .Kka
.eKsks' ta wkqj wm r;au,dk .=jka f;dgqmf,a m%Yak lsÍug ,la jq w;r
wmf.a .uk meh yhla muK úh' wmyiqfjka hdmkh fj; mshuka l< wm
lKavdhu tysÈ uqyqK ÿka wmQ¾j yd ìhlre w;a±lSï úia;r lsÍug fuysÈ
bvlvla fkdue;' tfy;a t;eka isg fï olajd wm úiska isÿ lrk ,o fufyh
isysm;a lsÍug leue;af;uq'

• 20 •
wm úiska 1997 j¾Ifha isg fï olajd bÈßhg f.k hk ,o ia;s% mqreI iudcNdjh
ms<sn`oj w.h lruq' wmf.a ls%hdj,sh ;=< ldka;djka iudkd;au;djfha ,d
i,ld wmf.a jev lghq;= ish,a," tfukau" ish¨u whs;sjdislï" ia;S% mqreI
fomd¾Yjhu fmdÿfõ ysñ nj i,lk w;r" ta wkqj ish¨u lghq;= Èh;a
lrkq ,nhs' fuh wmf.a ld¾h uKav,h fukau idudðl;ajhg o fmdÿfõ
ls%hd;aul lrkq ,nhs' wo jk úg W;=re kef.kysr" ol=K uOHu hk rg
jgd jHdma; ù ëjr ck m%cdj n, .kajñka Tjqkaf.a whs;sh iq/lSfï cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;djhg yels ùu iy cd;sl" l,dmSh yd cd;Hka;r ;,fha
we.hSug yd f.!rjhg ,la fjñka ls%hd;aul ùu w.h lrñ' fuysÈ YS% ,xld
ëjr b;sydifha ch.%yKhla iksgqyka l< l,mq igk" ëjr m%cdjf.a yd
wmf.a ueÈy;aùfï úYsIag;ajh ms<sônq lrhs'

- ;jo wmf.a ch.%yK w;r 2010 j¾Ifha wys;lr mkak i`oyd mkjkq
,enQ ;yku'

- 2009 j¾Ifha ud±,a mkak fjkqfjka mkjk ,o ;yku'

- W;=re kef.kysr ëjr m%cdjf.a whs;sh fjkqfjka ueÈy;a ùu fuka u

wj;eka jq m%cdjf.a bvug m%úYagfha whs;sh fuka u idïm%odhsl N=la;sfha
wêldßh fjkqfjka ueÈy;alu o wmf.a ch.%yK w;r fõ'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha bÈß .ukg fuka u ëjr whs;Ska Èkd
.ekSfï igkaj, ls%hdldß fjñka ;j ;j;a ch.%yK ,nd .ekSug yels
fõjd hs iqNdYsxik tla lrñ'

.S;d ,lañKs
ysgmq mßmd,k f,alïjßh

• 21 •
 fkdmiq niakd ù¾hfha 25 jirl fufyjrg iqN me;=ï

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrh 1997 cqks ui ks,

jYfhka wdrïN jqjo" w;S; f;dr;=re wkqj 1992
isgu wmf.a wdh;kfha le|jqïldr;=ud jk y¾uka
l=udr uy;d" ëjr ck;djf.a yd mSä; ck;djf.a
m%Yk
a y÷kd .ekSug yd ta fjkqfjka l%h s d lsÍug
fm<ö isàfï mkakrh fuu jHdmdrfha wdrïNhg
Yla;h s la jQ nj ksielh' ud 1997 § cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.; s djhg iïnkaO jQ od isg o" fuu wdh;kfha
bÈß .uk wvd, lrkakg" wdh;kh yd kdhl;ajh"
úfõpkh lrkakg msßila fukau" fï .uk bÈßg
hkak Yla;h s ,nd ÿka who fndfydauhs' wog;a th
tfiauhs" fjki kï wo isÿjkafka ñ;=re f,iska cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrfha .uka
uÕ wvd, lsÍug lei ljk n,fõ. o Yla;h s la lr.ksñka wm wdh;kfha bÈß .uk
Yla;us ;a lrkakg cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrfha kdhl;=udg iy l%h s dldß ifydaor
le<g o" ;sfnk wNsfhda.hls'

flfia fj;;a" fuu jHdmdrh fkdìhj" iajdëkj wdrïN lrkakg Yla;sh ,nd ÿka
.re Tiaj,aâ î *¾;a msh;=ud iy wksl=;a .re mQcl ;=uka,d o" .re úlagßka meúÈ
fidhqßh yd wksl=;a .re meúÈ fidhqßhkaj o" Èia;%sla ëjr kdhlhskaj o" wo jk úg
Ôjk .ukska kslau .sh ëjr kdhl kdhsldjkaj o u;la lr isák w;r" fuu ck;d
fufyjr Yla;su;a lrkakg iy wdh;ksl iajNdjh Yla;su;aj f.dv k.kakg Wr
ÿka .S;d ,lañKs uy;añh" Èidkdhl uy;d" kS,a m%shka; uy;d" Y%shka; uy;d"
iaàõ l%SÉ uy;d" ;s,sks iy ÈfkaIshd ifydaoßhka we;=¨ lKavdhu u;la lr isák
w;r wm;a iu. isáñka kdhl;ajh" ifydaor;ajh Yla;su;a lsÍug;a idudðl;ajh
j¾Okh lrñka ch.%yK w;am;a lr §ug;a" iudc jHdmdrhla f.dvke.Sfï
fufyfjrg Wr fok ish¨u ld¾hdxYfha iy Èia;s%la ks,Odßkag iy l%shdOrhskag;a"
Tjqka wdh;ksl uÜgñka lrkakdjq lemlsÍï ú| ord .ksñka iyfhda.h ,nd fokakd
jQ Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, idudðlhskag;a" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh yd iïnkaO
jk ish¨u ;reK" ldka;d" jeäysá idudÔl idudðldjkag;a" ksÿla ksfrda.s iqjh
Yla;sh m%d¾:kd lrk w;r" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ck;d fufyjr jv
jvd;a mq¿,aj bgq lsÍug" ck;djg ch.%yK w;alr §ug wjYH cjh" Yla;sh yd
foaj wdYs¾jdoh" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg fkdu`oj ,efíjdhs yoj;skau
m%d¾:kd lrisáñ'
m%§ma ,laisß m%kdkaÿ
;reK yd mßir jevigyka iïnkaëldrl
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh

• 22 •
 cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.;
s d jHdmdrfha jHdma;h
s
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh idudðl;ajh u; mokï jq" Èia;s%lal 15
mqrd úysÿKq ixúOdk cd,hlska ieÿï ,;a" isú,a iudc ixúOdkhls' tys wdrïNh
ms<sn`oj i`oyka lrk úg" th ^SEDEC& iudc yd wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok uOHia:dkh
olajd .uka lrhs' 1992 j¾Ih jk úg" th cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh
f,i fkdjqko" fifvla wdh;kfha mqyqKq yd iðúlrK wxYfha ueÈy;aùfuka
wdrïN lrk ,§' tneúka th cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh wdrïNl mshjr
f,i i,lkq ,nhs' fifvla wdh;kh jir 05 l ls%hdldß;ajhlska miqj" 1997
j¾Ifha cqks 08 jk Èk f,dal id.r Èkh iurñka" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djh"
iajdëk ixúOdkhla f,i msysgqjk ,§'

tfukau" 1997 j¾Ifha§u" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" f,dal ëjr

ck;d ixiofha ^WFFP& wdrïNl idudðlfhl= njg o m;a úh' tfukau"
j.lSï iys; ëjr lghq;= i`oyd jk wdpdr O¾u ix.%yh mßj¾;kh lsÍu
iy m%p,s; lsÍu fjkqfjka f,dal wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkfha —Margarita
Lizarraga˜ iïudkfha 1997 j¾Ifha msÿï ,oy' tu jif¾§ wkd.;fha§ cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh úiska ëjr ck;djf.a wjYH;d ms<sn`oj" m<uq ck;d
iyNd.s;ajh iys; cd;sl ëjr m%;sm;a;shla ieliSu wdrïN lrk ,§' 2004
j¾Ifha iqkdñ jHihkfhka mSvdjg m;a ck;dj fjkqfjka úúO mß;Hd.YS,Ska"
ys;j;=ka" wdOdrlrejka" iafjÉPd fiajlhskaf.a iyh we;sj" 2005 j¾Ih jk
úg ±jeka; iqkdñ mqkre;a:dmk" kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï" m%;sixialrK" kej;
f.dvke.Sfï iy m%;s ixúOdk jevigyka Èh;a lrk ,§'

úúO isú,a ixúOdkj, iyh we;sj" mSvdjg m;a ck;djg wejeis ixj¾Ok
wfmaCId yd b,lal fhdackd lsÍu Wfoid cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh
ueÈy;aj uyck ie,iqï fldñiï iNdjla o ls%hdjg kxjk ,§' ta yryd
iqkdñfhka ì`ojegqKq rg f.dvke.Su i`oyd mqrjeis jd¾;dj ieliSfï ls%hdj,shg"
kdhl;ajh f.k lghq;= lsÍug wmg yels úh' 2002 j¾Ih jk úg" ;j;a lreKla
fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrñka hqoaOfhka yd iajNdúl úm;a fya;=fjka mSvdjg m;a
ck;dj fjkqfjka jev lghq;= lsÍu o wdrïN lrk ,§' 2009 j¾Ifha l=ßre
hqoaOh wjika ùu;a iu`. cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" hqoaOh fya;=fjka"
wj;eka jq ck;dj kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu iy úkaÈ; mjq,a i`oyd" ;srir ðú; yd
Ôjfkdamd jevigyka Èh;a lrk ,§' tmuKla fkdj" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh" m%cd;dka;S%lrKfha iy ;srir iduh yd ;srir ixj¾Ok Wmdh ud¾.
ms<sn`o ls%hd lrk" ixúOdk ish .Kkla iu`. cd, .;j ls%hd l<y'

• 23 •
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.;s d jHdmdrh" f,dal ëjr ck;d iïfï,kh yryd" iq¿ mßudK
ëjr l¾udka;hla i`oyd jq wka;¾cd;sl u`.fmkaùï ud,dj ks¾udKh lsÍu i`oyd
o iDcqj odhl jQy'
tfukau" f,dal ëjr ck;d iïfï,kh yryd frdauh mokïj lsh % d;aul jk" f,dal
wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkfha" lDIsl¾u ixj¾Ok i`oyd jq cd;Hka;r wruqof,a
^IFAD& f.dú ikaiofha" fufyhqï lñgqjg o iyNd.s úh'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrh foaYh S fuka u cd;Hka;r lsh % dldß;ajfha"

hdka;K% iu`. noaOj lsh % d lrhs" tlai;a cd;Skf
a .a ixúOdkh yd wkqnoaO" úYaj
ld,dka;r iudf,dapkh ^UPR&" ldka;djkag tfrys ish¨ wdldrfha fjkialï
;=rka lsÍu ms<ns `oj iïuq;h s ^CEDAW&" yd wd¾Ól" idudÔh" iy ixialD;sl
whs;j
s dislï ms<n s `o lñgqj ^CESCR& jeks hdka;K % iu`. noaO jk w;r" udkj
ysñlï lsh% dj,shla yd ksr; jQy'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.;s d jHdmdrh" úêu;a jHQyhla wkqj lsh

% d;aul isú,a ixúOdkhls'
th 1998 wxl 08 orK ixfYdaê; mk; wkqj" 1980 wxl 31 orK iafõÉPd fiajd
ixúOdk ^,shdmÈxÑ lsÍu iy wëCIKh& mk; hgf;a" cd;sl rdcH fkdjk f,alï
ld¾hd,fha ,shdmÈxÑ ù we;' tys ,shdmÈxÑ wxlh jkafka L 18201 jk w;r 2001
ckjdß 25 Èk ,shdmÈxÑ lr we;'

wm jHdmdrfha ±lau —ksoyia yd idOdrK iudchla˜ h' tfukau" tys fufyjr

jkafka —ëjr ck;d jHdmdrh f.dvke.Su ;=<k s a YS% ,xldfõ ;srir ëjr l¾udka;hla
ia:dms; lsÍuhs˜ cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrh Èjhsk mqrd úysÿKq Èia;l %s l
a
15 yjq,la dr ixúOdj,ska ieÿï,;a ixúOdk cd,hlsk's th l=vd mßudK ëjrhsk"a
f.dùka" jev lrk ck;dj" j;= lïlrejka" ldka;djka" <uqk"a ;reKhsk"a iajdñ
mqreIhska wysñ jq ldka;djka" wNHka;r wj;ekajj Q ka" wmodmd;s% ckhd" iudcfhka
msguka l< ck;dj we;=¿ mq¿,a lafIa;h % l ck;dj iu`. noaOj lghq;= lrhs'
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrfha" iDcqj lsh
% dldß hdka;K% hla mj;sk w;r"
ixúOdkfha md,k jHQyhg wkqj ixúOdkh ;=< ;SrK .ekSu i`oyd jd¾Isl uyd
iNdj" Ndrldr uKav,h" l<ukdldr lñgqj yd fufyhqï lñgqj lsh % d;aul fõ'
m%.;sh ;lafiare lsÍu" ;SrK .ekSu" ie,iqï ilia lsÍu" jevigyka lsh % d;aul
lsÍu i`oyd Èia;l %s a iïnkaêldrljrekaf.a iyNd.s;j a fhka iEu uilu fufyhqï
lñgqj lsh% d;aul fõ' ixúOdkfha ld¾hxYh" niakdysr m<df;a" ó.uqfõ msyg s d we;'
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrh" rfÜ m%cd ixj¾Okh iïnkaOfhka" jir 25
m<mqreoaola yd w;a±lSula iys; ck;d ixúOdkhls'
m%§ma jks.iQßh
mßmd,k f,alï

• 24 •
 cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha .uka u`.

wdrïNh (

1977 j¾Ifhka werô YS% ,xldfõ újD; wd¾Ól ls%hdj,sfha úmdl YS%
,dxlsl iudch fj; uqod y, mSvkh yd m%;súmdl ms<sn`oj cd;sl fifvla
wdh;kh 1992 j¾Ifha uq, Nd.fha§ tkï jir 15 lg miqj Èh;a l<
wOHhkfhka wdydr ksIamdokfha ksr; jq lDIsl¾u" ëjr" j;= lïlre yd
fj<`o l,dmfha lïlrejkag yd ish¨ lafIa;%j, ldka;djkag w;a jq brKu
ms<sn`oj y`ÿkd.kakd ,§' fï ms<sn`oj .; hq;= úl,am wd¾Ól yd ixj¾Ok
foaYmd,ksl úm¾hdi i`oyd jk jev ms<sfj,l wjYH;djh fifvla ^SEDEC&
wdh;kfha fufyhùfuka yd wdishdkq l,dmSh udkj ixj¾Okh ms<sn`oj
ro.=rejrekaf.a iuq¿j ^APHD&" ixj¾Okh i`oyd jk hqfrdamSh ixúOdk
tl;=j ^CIDSE&" tlaj úl,am ixj¾Okh i`oyd ck;d ixioh ^PEFDA&
u`.ska Èh;a lsÍug jev ms<sfj,la 1992 j¾Ifha Tlaf;dan¾ udifha § YS%
,xldfõ mej;s APHD, SEDEC yuqfõoS bÈßm;a lrk ,§' fuu jev ms<sfj,
Èh;a lsÍug tjlg;a isá ir;a m%kdkaÿ uy;df.a fufyhùfuka lDIsl¾u
lafIa;%fha §¾> l,la ls%hd;aul jq bvï yd lDIs m%;sixialrK jHdmdrh
^MONLAR& iy j;=lrfha ck;dj kkaok uk;=x. msh;=udf.a kdhl;ajh
iu`. ls%hd;aul fjñka mej;s SETIK - uykqjr moú uOHia:dkhg wdrOkd l<
w;r fj<`o l,dmfha lïlrejka o we;=¿j ldka;d lafIa;f % ha lghq;= ms<n
s `oj
ixj¾Ok lsh % dj,sh i`oyd SEDEC wdh;kfha ldka;d wxYhg .re úlagßka
reøs.= meúÈ fidfydhqßhf.a fufyhùfuka mejßKs' fuu lsh % dldß;ajh ;=<
wvqu ixúOdkd;aul lsh % dj,shla hgf;a Èh;a jq ëjr lafIa;f% ha ixúOdkh
lsÍfï j.lSu fifvla wdh;kfha mqyK q q wxYhg mejreKq w;r" tys fiajfha
ksh;q j
= isá mS'uq;.
= ," iafldf,diaáld is,ja d fukúhkaf.a iyfhka y¾uka
l=udrg Èh;a lrk f,i tjlg SEDEC wOHCIl wdpd¾h Tiaj,aâ î' *¾;a
msh;=ud j.lSu mjrk ,§'

rg mqrd Èh;a l< lafIa;f% ha wd¾Ól" idudÔh yd mdßißl ;;a;j a hka y`ÿkd
.ekSfï yd úl,am lsh
% dj,shla i`oyd fhdackdj,sh" 1992 j¾Ifha Tlaf;dan¾ ui
mej;s úl,am ixj¾Okhla i`oyd jk SEDEC- APHD- CIDSE yuqjg —ienE ëjr
ixj¾Okhla lrd˜ hk kñka bÈßm;a lrk ,§' fuh wmf.a m%:u m%ldYkh
f,i miqj uqøKh lrk ,§' th Project ---> Program, fyj;a Paradigm Shift
u; Èh;a ,§' fuu lsh% dj,sfha§ wm úiska m%Odk Wmdh ud¾. folla ms<ns `oj
• 25 •
tl`.;djhlg meñKSug yels jq w;r jir 30 lg miqj th wo o wmf.a
m%Odk Wmdh ud¾. fõ'

• úl,am f.dvke.Su i`oyd jk m%;sm;a;suh ueÈy;a ùu'

• m%cdjg Yla;su;a úl,am wd¾Ól ls%hdud¾. Èh;a lsÍu i`oyd m%dfhda.sl

ls%hdud¾. y`ÿkdf.k Èh;a lsÍu'

ta wkqj ck;dj n,.ekaùu i`oyd lDIs" ëjr" lïlre yd j;= lïlre m%cdj
yd ldka;djkaf.a taldnoaO ls%hdj,sh 1992 j¾Ifha isg Èh;a lsÍu wdrïN l<
nj isysm;a l< hq;=h'

ëjr lafIa;%fha moku f.dvke.Su (

1992 j¾Ifha § SEDEC- APHD- CIDSE úl,am ixj¾Ok jev ms<sfj,g bÈßm;a
lsÍu i`oyd jk fhdackdj,sh ieliSug;a" lafIa;%h ms<sn`oj wjfndaOh
,nd .ekSug;a uq,skau iyh ,enqfõ y,dj; moúfha SEDEC wdh;kfhka
nj isysm;a l< hq;=h' .re whsjka mSg¾ia msh;=ud;a" lskaia,s f,daõ uy;d;a
uq,skau y,dj; moúh mqrd ëjr .ïudkj, ck;dj yuqùu i`oyd uq;=.,"
iafldf,diaáld" úlagßka fidfydhqßh;a" y¾uka iu`. khskuvu isg
l,amsáh ¥m;a" jkd;ú,a¨j" .f`.a jdäh" fiarlal=,sh iy ldr;sõ olajd;a
isÿ l< pdßld lafIa;%fha wjfndaOh mq¿,a lrk ,§' tneúka wdrïNfha§
cd;sl fifvla wdh;kfha mqyqKq wxYh yd y,dj; moúh tlaj wmf.a ëjr
ls%hdj,sh f.dvke.+ nj isysm;a l< hq;=h'

l%u l%ufhka cd,h f.dvke.Su (

ëjr iyfhda.s;d lñgqj f.dvke.Su y,dj; moúh" mq;a;,ï Èia;s%lalh fuu

ls%hdj,sfha wdrïNl moku ±uqjo" iEu úgu ëjr lafIa;%fha ixúOdkd;aul
—iajdëk ls%hdj,shla˜ Èh;a lsÍu ó.uqj mokïj isÿùu fM;sydisl lreKls'
.re ir;a boaou,af.dv msh;=udf.a fufyhùfuka yd iqi, s a m%ikakf.a ëjr
lghq;= ixúOdkfhka hq;j = ckdjfndaO flakøa h;a" ms,i
S h
s ka m%kdkaÿ uy;df.a
^keiS.hs & iNdm;s;ajfhka hq;= ó.uqj taldnoaO l,mq ëjr ixúOdkh;a"
Ælia m%kdkaÿ ^keiS.sh& uy;d" m%Odk f,alï OQrh ±rE cd;sl ëjr lïlre
ix.uh;a" isis,a m%kdkaÿ uy;df.a ^keiS.sh& wOHCIl OQrfhka hq;a" taldnoaO
ëjr ixj¾Ok flakaøh fï jk úg;a ó.uqfõ ls%hd;aul fjñka mej;sks'

• 26 •
miqj fuh ëjr ixj¾Ok iyfhda.s;d flakaøh kñka isßu,a mskafgda uy;df.a
wOCIl OQrfhka ëjr iyfhda.s;d lñgqfõ idudÔl;ajh ,nd .kakd ,§'
SEDEC lKavdhu fuu msßia iu`. fjk fjku;a" ish,a,ka tlafjñka Èh;a
l< ixjdoj, m%;sM,hla f,i —ëjr iyfhda.s;d lñgqj˜ ìys úh' fuh
SEDEC wdh;kfha mokï lr .ksñka Èh;a l< w;r uQ,sl tl`.;d lsysmhla
;=<ska Èh;a úh'

• ëjr oi mk; mokï lr .ksñka wmf.a ëjr ls%hdldß;ajh

f.dvke.Su - miqj ëjr m%;sm;a;sfha moku fuh úh'

• wdh;khla fkdj cd, .; taldnoaO ls%hdj,shla Èh;a lsÍu'

• ixjdoh ;=<ska yd iïuq;sfhka ;SrK .ekSug iEu uilu m<uq

n%yiam;skaod Èklu /iaùu'

fuu ls%hdj,sh Èh;a lsÍfïoS SEDEC wdh;kfha ldka;d wxYh iu`. taldnoaOj
ls%hd;aul ùu ;=<ska ëjr ldka;djka ms<sn`oj Yla;su;a ne`§ula we;s lr
.ekSug úlagßka meúÈ fidhqßh yd iafldf,diaáld is,ajd fidfydhqßka ±lajq
odhl;ajh isysm;a l< hq;=h' .d,a," ud;r ëjr ldka;djkaf.a ls%hdldß;ajh
iúia;s% ixúOdkhg miqj fhduq jqjo tys wdrïNh ëjr iyfhda.s;d lñgqj
iu`. mej;=Ks'

ñßÈh m%cdj cd,h ;=<g Èkd .ekSu

ñßÈh ëjr m%cdj iuia; ëjr m%cdj w;ßka o wvqu wjOdkh fhduq jk ck
msßi jk w;r th wo jk úg;a tfiau mj;s' kuq;a lrÈh" l,mq Èh lafIa;%fha
in`o;d f.dvke.Sug iudka;rj mS' uq;=., fidhqrd iy iafldf,diaáld is,ajd
fidhqßh ñßÈh jeõ wdYs%;j in`o;d f.dvke.Sug odhl;ajh ,nd fok
,§' fmdf<dkakrefõ msUqr;a;Ej" W,aysáhdj" mrdl%u iuqøh;a" wkqrdOmqrh
Èia;s%lalfha ú,ÉÑh" moúh" rdcdx.kh" kdÉpd¥j" uylkordj jeõ;a"
mq;a;,u Èia;s%lalfha ;ífndaj" uy Wiajej wd§ m%foaYj,g wmf.a ld¾hNd¾h
Èh;a l< w;r tys m%;sM,hla f,i mq;a;,u Èia;s%lalfha iekis,s mokfï
B'ta'ví' nKavdr iy wð;a rEmisxy .=re fidhqrka' lrej,.iajej m%foaYfha
y`ÿkd.ksñka cd,hg tla lr .;a w;r fuys jvd;a ;SrKd;aul ld¾h Nd¾hla
bgq lsÍug iekiqu mokfï fla'tï'à' fmf¾rd uy;df.a ^keiS.h s & iïm%dma;sh
w;sYh jeo.;a úh'
• 27 •
ñßÈh lafIa;%h ms<sn`oj ck;d wjOdkh Èkd .ekSfï wruqKska SEDEC wdh;kh
ueÈy;aj wOHhkhla Èh;a l< w;r le,Ksh úYajúoHd,fha uydpd¾h Wmd,s
wurisxy iy WmdêOdÍka ;sfofkl=f.a iyfhka fuu wOHhkh Èh;a lr
m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,§'

ol=Kq m<d;g wj;S¾K ùu yd jHdma;sh (

ñßÈh lafIa;%fha lghq;= fõ.j;aj Èh;a lrk w;r W,aysáh c,dYfha ixúOdk
lghq;=j, ksr;j isá wjia:djl§ 1992 ol=Kq m<d;a iNd ue;sjrKfha
m%;sM, ksl=;aj tjlg mej;s tlai;a cd;sl mCI rch foorùfï m<uq fjä
uqrh ol=Kska ksl=;a úh' thg n,mE m%Odk;u lreK jQfha ol=fKa ëjrhska
,hsÜfldaiaj,g tfrysj Èh;a l< wr.,hhs' wms ;siaiuydrdufha ã' ã'
ú;dk fidfydhqrdf.a ^keiS.sh& ueÈy;aùfuka y`ÿkd.;a foúkqjr fI,agka
.=Kr;ak uy;df.a ^keiS.sh& iyfhka ud;r foúkqjr mÜáhfyafka m<uq
.%dóh /iaùu ixúOdkh lrk ,§' th ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkfha ud;r
ixúOdkh f.dvke.Sfï wdrïNl /iaùu o úh' ta wkqj fI,agka .=Kr;ak
uy;d ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkfha wdrïNlhdh' ,hsÜfldaia wr.,h jvd;a
;Sj% f,i .d,a, fodvka¥fõ§ Èh;a l< w;r —ëjr igka fmruqK˜ kï
ixúOdkfha tys ;SrKd;aul ld¾hhla bgq l< ã'{dkodi ^keiS.sh& fidhqrd
tysÈ y`ÿkd.;a w;r Tyqf.a fufyhùfuka ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkfha .d,a,
YdLdj f,i wmf.a ls%hdldß;ajh Èh;a lsÍug 1993 j¾Ifha§u wdrïN lrk
,§' ydkslr wdïmkakj,g tfrys wr., úfYAIfhkau vhskuhsÜ" ,hsÜfldaia
mkakhkag tfrysj wr.,j,§ ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh ëjr jHdmdrh ;=<
kdhl;ajh .kakd ,§'

rch ëjr iïm;a fm!oa.,SlrKh i`oyd kS;suh moku ilihs'

1990 wxl 02 ëjr l<ukdlrK mk; f.k taug 1994 m;a jQ pkaøsld
nKavdrkdhl ckdêm;skshf.a fldñhqksiaÜ mCIfha ëjr weu;sjrhd jq bkaÈl
.=Kj¾Ok uy;d ^keiS.sh& w;r ëjr iyfhda.s;d lñgqfõ fufyùfuka
m%n, úfrdaOhla t,a, lsÍug ëjr ck;djg yels úh' wm úiska ieliQ w;a
m;s%ldj Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka ëjr m%cdjg lreKq iys;j úfrdaOhla ±laùug
m%;spdrhla f,i wm yuq jQ bkaÈl .=Kj¾Ok weu;sjrhd m%ldY lf<a —uu
ëjr weu;sj isák;dla ëjr iïm;a úlsKSu fyda mqoa.,SlrKh isÿ fkdlrk
njhs˜ jeks mokï úrys; m%ldYkhhs'
• 28 •
kuq;a ëjr iïm;a l<ukdlrKh kñka ëjr m%cdj l¾udka;fhka bj;a
lsÍug we;s yelshd" ëjr iïm;a c,Ôù j.dfõ m%j¾Okh i`oyd YS% ,xldfõ
c, ;Srh fhdod .ekSug we;s kS;suh m%;smdok" rfÜ ëjr m%;sm;a;s ieliSug
ëjr m%cdjf.a ienE ksfhdackhla fkdùu;a we;=¿ lreKq .Kkdjla u; 1996
wxl 02 ëjr l<ukdlrK mk;g t,a, l< úfrdaOh lf;da,sl iNdj fj;
yrjd tùug rch mshjr .;a nj wmg meyeÈ,s h'

ëjr jev ms<sfj,g iNdfõ úfrdaOh(

.re Tiaj,aâ *¾;a msh;=udf.a u`.fmkaùfuka yd m%drïNk ls%hdj,sfhka hq;=j

1992 j¾Ifha isg Èh;a l< ëjr jevms<sfj," .re fÊ'î'foajrdcd wkqm%dma;sl
wOCIl msh;=udf.a o ^iaj¾.ia:& wdYs¾jdofhka Yla;su;aj iajdëkj yd
ck;djg tfrys jk" m%;sm;a;s yd ls%hdud¾.j,g wNsfhda.hla fjñka ck;d
n,h f.dvk.ñka ls%hd;aul ùug 1996 jk úg wNsfhda. u;= jkakg úh'
úfYAIfhka isxy," fou<" uqia,sï ckhd cd;s yd wd.ï fNaofhka f;drj ;u
m%Yak" .eg¨ yd tajdg we;s úl,am fhdackd lrñka" ck mokula iys;j
tlg .uka .kakd úg thg wdYs¾jdo lrkjd fjkqjg wmg ,enqfKa thg
m%;súreoaO m%;spdrhls' jydu ls%hd;aul jk mßÈ ëjr jevms<sfj, w;yer
oukakg .re fÊ'î'foajrdcd msh;=ud ^iaj¾.ia:& yryd ro.=re u`vq,a,
ikaksfõokh lrk ,§'

fuu jevms<sfj, ;=<ska ,nd f.k we;s yrfha yd tys jeo.;alu wjfndaOhla
msh;=udg mej;=Ks' APHD ls%hdj,sfha jd¾Isl yuqjg ëjr jHdmdrfha jev
ms<sfj, bÈßm;a lsÍu u`.ska wdishdkq l,dmShj m%idoh Èkd .;a jev fldgila
wm úiska bgq lrk nj ±k isá msh;=ud" ro.=re uKav,hg fuys jeo.;alu
meyeÈ,s lr §fuka miqj ;j;a jirla jevigyk Èh;a lr" wk;=rej SEDEC
wdh;kh yd tys wkqnoaO wdh;k mokï lr.;a" ëjr jevigykla wdrïN
lsÍug Wmfoia ,nd fok ,§'

ëjr jHdmdrfha idudðlhska iu`. yd PEFDA lKavdhu iu`. l< ixjdofha

m%;sM,hla f,i" y¾uka l=udr fifvla wdh;kfhka bj;aj" iajdëk
ixúOdkhla f,i ëjr jHdmdrh Èh;a lsÍug ;SrKh lrk ,§' —k`.=,g w;
;nd wdmiq yeÍ n,k lsisfjla" foúhka jykafiaf.a rdcHhg iqÿiq ke;shs ˜
Æla iqndrxÑh ^9(62&

• 29 •
fuh y¾uka l=udr" .re foajrdcd msh;=udg ia;+;sjka; fjñka 1997 wf.daia;=
01 Èk isg b,a,d wiaùug ,shQ ,smsfha wjika jelsh úh' kuq;a bka fmr f,dal
id.r Èkh iurñka Èk 03 l m%o¾Ykhla" fm<md,shla yd bkaÈl .=Kj¾Ok
ëjr weu;sjrhd" .re ;siai nd,iQßh msh;=ud" .re Tiaj,aâ *¾;a msh;=ud
we;=¿j ëjr lafIa;%fha ks,Odß yd ëjr m%cdj 1000 lg wêl msßilf.a
iyNd.s;ajfhka 1997 cqks 08 jk Èk ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha wdrïNl
Èkh lgqjdmsáh idudÔh yd iduhsl flakaøfha § ta jk úg;a ia:dms; lr
;sìKs'

iajdëk ëjr jHdmdrh wNsfhda. ueÈka bÈßhg (

iajdëk jHdmdrhla f,i .uka .ekSug ;SrKh l< o fï jk úg;a hï
ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrñka isá mq;a;,u ^f,dfh,a mSßia" fÊ'fÊ'fmf¾rd'
ã'î'b,x.fldaka& .d,a, ^ã'{dkodi" ,d,a wdkkao& ud;r ^fI,agka .=Kr;ak"
wdkkao ,shkf.a& jeks uq,a ls%hdldÍka yd ld¾hdxYfha ^.S;d ,lañKs" kS,a
ms%hka;" ,laisß m%kdkaÿ"ã'tï'tia'Èidkdhl& ls%hdldÍkaf.a Ôj;a ùfï
.eg¨j yd ld¾hd,h kv;a;= lsÍfï wNsfhda.hla wm bÈßfha úh' .eg¨j
;j;a W.% jQfha ëjr jHdmdrfha Ndrldr ixúOdkh f,i jev lghq;= lsÍug
tl`. jq idudÔh yd iduhsl flakaøh thska bj;a ùug 1998 j¾Ifha wms%fh,a
ui .;a yÈis ;Skaÿj;a iu`.sks' CAFOD wdh;kh ,nd ÿka Bridging Grant ys
b;sßj ;snq uqo,a idudÔh yd iduhsl flakaøfha mßmd,k úhoï wvq lr w¨;a
wjqreoao ieuÍug wmf.a ls%hdldÍkag ,nd fok f,i l< ldreKsl b,a,Sug
,o m%;spdrh jQfha wdh;kh wmf.a Ndrldß;ajfhka jydu bj;a jk njhs'
thg fkdie,S uqyqK §ug wmg yels jQfha chka; mskakj, msh;=udf.a ^ks'u'ks&
^iaj¾.ia:& ueÈy;aùfuka yd t;=udf.a iNdm;s;ajfhka cd;sl ëjr ixj¾Ok
Ndrh kñka Ndrldr ixúOdkh f.dvk.ñks' tfiau" fuu ls%hdj,sh ;=<
wmf.a ls%hdldÍkag udi .Kkdjlau udisl §ukdj mjd fkdue;sj jHdmdrfha
meje;au fjkqfjka l< lem lsÍï 25 jk jir iurk úg wm isysm;a lrkafka
tfia fkdúks kï ieuÍug ëjr jHdmdrhla wo b;sß fkdjk neúKs' Bfï,a
.kqfokq fkdue;s iufha ,smshla uqøKh fldg ;emE,g ±óug wjYH uqo,la
fyda uqøK hka;%hg ±óug wjYH ;Ska; .ekSug uqo,a fkdue;sj wirKj
isáh§ ëjr m%cdj wm Yla;su;a lsÍug ±lajq iyh wmuKh' fuys§ ¥m;a
jdiS cQâ kdu,a yd fudarjf,a wreK frdIdka; fidhqrka tlaj fï i`oyd wmg
±lajq odhl;ajh fkdjkakg ëjr jHdmdrh iajdëkjq wjêfha§u j,a jeÈ
kgUqka ùug ;snQ bvlv fndfyda h'

• 30 •
ndOd ueo wm ,o ch.%yK(

1997 j¾Ifha Tlaf;dan¾ 30 jk Èk wm jevms<fj,g ;SrKd;aul Èkhla úh'

tjlg ëjr weu;sj isá uyskao rdcmCI uy;d ëjr iyfhda.s;d ld¾hd,hg
wdrdOkd lr 1996 wxl 02 orK ëjr l<ukdlrK mk; ms<sn`oj ëjr
kdhlhska yd ëjr ls%hdldÍka tlaj wm úiska bÈßm;a l< úl,am fhdackd
ms<sn`oj §¾> ixjdohla yd hï tl`.;d we;s lr .;a neúka 1997 j¾Ifha
Tlaf;daïn¾ 30 tfiau" 1995 jif¾ f,dal wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkh
úiska m%ldYhg m;a l<—j.lSula iys; ëjr l¾udka;hla i`oyd wdpdr O¾u
moaO;shla˜ ^Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries - CCRF& m%ldYkh
1997 cqks ui 08 Èk isxy, nig mßj¾;kh lr m%ldYhg m;a l< w;r
úlagßka meúÈ fidfydhqßh yd y¾uka l=udr fï i`oyd odhl jQy' th wdydr
yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkfha ks, jYfhka ms<s.;a NdIdj,g wu;rj fjk;a
iajfoaYSh NdIdjlg mßj¾;kh l< m%:u wjia:dj jq w;r ta i`oyd f,dal
wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkfha ud¾.Ígd ,sird.d iïudkh ^Maragrita
Lizarraga& ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg msßkeóu wm úiska Èkd .;a m%:u
cd;Hka;r iïudkh úh' fuu iïudkh b;d,sfha ;dkdm;sjrhd yryd YS%
,xld ëjr wud;HdxYhg fhduq lsÍfuka SEDEC wOHCIlj isá .re foajrdcd
msh;=udf.a o iyNd.s;ajfhka tjlg ëjr weu;sjrhdj isá uyskao rdcmCI
uy;d w;ska y¾uka l=udr ndr .kakd ,§'

1997 jir ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg w;sYh jeo.;a jirla úh' tkï
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg bkaÈhdfõ kjÈ,a,s kqjrg /iajq f,dalfha
rgj,a 70 l ëjr ixúOdk 135 la w;r f,dal ëjr iïfï,kfha iudrïNl
/iaùug iyNd.s fjñka tys m%drïNfhl= njg m;aùug yels ùfuks' YS%
,xldfjka ;j;a ixúOdk 03 la iyNd.s jq w;r yïnkaf;dg ldka;d ixj¾Ok
uyd ix.uh" l=vdmdvqj$je,a,ùÈh taldnoaO ëjr ixúOdkh yd ¥fõ cd;sl
ëjr lïlre ix.uh o tajd w;r úh'

1997 j¾Ifha isg Èßfhka bÈßhg……………………………….

miqnEï ueo jqj o úúOdldr jq ch.%yK o w;am;a lr .ksñka cd;sl ëjr

iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh bÈßhg .uka .kakd ,§' fï i`oyd uQ,slj jeo.;a
ld¾hNdrhla lafIa;% ls%hdldÍka" fuka u ld¾hdxYfha ls%hdldÍka o bgq l<y'

• 31 •
wm úYajdih ;enQ msßia wm w;yer hk úg § wm ms<sn`oj f.dvke.=kq
úYajdih ksid úúO ixúOdk wmg iyh ±laùug bÈßm;a úh'

CAFOD wdh;kh cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djfha uQ,sl .Dy WmlrK" mß.Kl"

ikaksfõok WmlrK ,nd ÿka w;r iuyrla tajd wm wo olajdu Ndú;
lrkafkuq' SEDEC-APHD jevigyk ls%hd;aul lsÍfïoS Misereor wdh;kh
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iu`. iómj wëCIKh l< w;r" mqoa.,hska
w;r o ióm ne`§ula mej;sks' c¾uksfha wdpd¾h W,aßÉ fvdakan¾ka ^keiS.sh&
^Dr. Ulrich Donberg& yd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djh w;r mej;s ne`§u ksid
1998$1999 jir i`oyd jirl uQ,H m%;smdok ,nd §ug Misereor wdh;kh
tl`. ùu;a iu`. wmg mej;s uQ,H ÿIalr;djh ;djld,slj ksud úh'

wmf.a ú.%yhka ;=< wm ÿgq m%Odk .eg¨j kj ,snr,a wd¾Ól ls%hdj,sh

;=< ëjr m%cdj o we;=¿j l=vd mßudK wdydr ksIamdolhskag ksIamdok
ls%hdj,sfhka bj;a lrñka" Tjqka yd fmdÿ ck;dj i;= úh hq;= iajdNdúl
iïm;a fm!oa.,sl whs;shg mjrd .ekSu yd tajd wê iQrdlEug ,la lrñka
mdßißl úkdYhg odhl ùu fuka u" foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdij,g o ux újr
ùuhs' 1996 wxl 02 orK mk;g wm u;= l< úfrdaO;djfha j,x.=Ndjh ;j;a
;sj% jQfha fuu ls%hdj,sh ;=< ld¾ól c,Ôù j.djg" ixpdrl l¾udka;hg"
fjr<dikak yd wNHka;r c,dY" jkdka;r wdYs%; iïm;a fm!oa.,sl wxYh
i;= lr .ekSug olajk m%;sm;a;suh yd m%dfhda.sl ls%hdud¾.hka h' thg
wu;rj ëjr m%cdjf.a udkj ysñlï ms<sn`oj" iudc iqrCIs;;djh" uy uqyqfoa
wdrCIdj" ëjr ldka;dj ëjr l¾udka;hg olajk odhl;ajh yd Tjqkaf.a
ueÈy;aùu ie,ls,a,g .ksñka úl,am cd;sl ëjr m%;sm;a;shla ieliSu i`oyd
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ls%hdldß;ajh ;sj% lrk ,§' fï i`oyd
ilik ,o jev ms<sfj, i`oyd 1999 j¾Ifha isg 2002 j¾Ih olajd jQ ld,
iSudj ;=< lafIa;%h mqrd .ïudkfhka .ïudkhg" k.rfhka k.rhg" jefjka
jejg" .uka lrñka f;dr;=re /ia lr flgqïm;a ilik ,§' fuu ls%hdj,sh
Èh;a lsÍu i`oyd iqiSud ms%ho¾Yks fidhqßh fufyhqï lghq;= Èh;a l< w;r
ish¨u Èia;s%la ixúOdk ta i`oyd mQ¾K lemùfuka ls%hd lsÍfuka iyfhda.h
±lajq nj fuysÈ isysm;a lruq' fuu flgqïm;a l< ,shú,af,a ;d¾lsl wka;h
jQfha 2002 j¾Ifha § n,hg m;a rch ëjr m%;sm;a;shla ieliSu i`oyd kdrd
wdh;khg l< wdrdOkh mßÈ wmf.a ,shú,a, mokï lr .ksñka tjlg
ëjr weu;s uyskao úfÊfialr uy;dg lreKq ±laùu u`.sks'

• 32 •
tla wka;hlska f,dfh,a mSßia" ã'{dkodi" uOql iïm;a iy y¾uka l=udr
lreKq ±lajq w;r tajdfha moku jQfha h<s mqnqouq YS% ,xld jevms<sfjf,a
rfÜ iïm;a úlsKSug tfrysj —ñys`ÿ uyry;ka jykafia foajdkïmsh;siai
rc;=udg bÈßm;a l< —uy rc" f;dm fï rfÜ iïm;aj, ysñlre fkdj
Ndrlre muKhs'˜ hk jokaj, wka;¾.;fha mokuhs' ëjr iïm;a úlsKSug
ilik ie,iqïj,g tfrysj bÈßm;ajq m%n,u wNsfhda.h th jq w;r bka
wk;=rej ëjr weu;sjrhd bÈßm;a l< woyia ±laùïj,§ fuu lreKg
ks;ru m%;spdr ±laùug m%fõiï úh'

ëjr iyfhda.s;djfha ls%hdldß;ajh W;=rg yd kef.kysrg

jHdma;sh………………

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djh ksrka;rfhkau tys ish¨u ls%hdldÍkaf.a lemùfuka

yd odhl;ajfhka f.dvkef.kq jHdmdrhls' tfia fkdjkakg ld¾hdxYfha
odhl;ajfhka muKla .uka lr rg mqrd úys`ÿKq ëjr jHdmdrhla f.dvk.
kakg fkdyels jkq we;' W;=rg yd kef.kysrg jHdma; ùfï§ o fuh w;sYh
jeo.;a jq w;r úfYAIfhka cd;sl ëjr ck;d fldñifï ls%hdldß;ajh
Èh;a lsÍug fuysÈ lafIa;% ls%hdldß;ajh w;sYh jeo.;a úh' ;s%l=Kdu,
Èia;s%lalfha ixúOdkh f.dvk.d ëjr jHdmdrfha in`o;d f.dvke.Sug
ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh uq,a jq w;r tysÈ mS'tÉ'lS¾;smd, uy;df.a iy
wdkkao mSßia uy;df.a ^keiS.sh& in`o;djh w;sYhskau jeo.;a úh' ta i`oyd
t,a'jhs'jika;" iyka bixl" wdkkao .uf.a iy uOql iïm;a fidhqrka
mqoa.,slju lem ù ls%hd lsÍu wms w.h lruq' cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh
ksrka;rfhka m%.;sYS,s" m%cd;ka;S%h yd iudkd;au;djh fjkqfjka ls%hd lrk
foaYmd,k mCI yd ls%hdldÍka iu`. iyfhda.S ls%hdldß;ajhla f.dvk.uq'
tys m%;Ms ,hla f,i tlai;a iudcjd§ mCIfha uysko a foajf.a ifydaorhd iu`.
tlaj kef.kysr m<df;a wïmdr Èia;l %s a lsh
% dldß;ajfha wdrïNh i`oyd wíÿ,a
cnd¾ uy;d iu`. fmd;=ú,a m%foaYfhka Èh;a l< .uk Èia;l %s a ëjr ix.ufha
f.dvk.k Yla;u s ;a ck mokula iys; ixúOdkhla olajd meñK we;'uy
ck;djf.a ëjr fldñiu yryd W;=re m<df;a in`o;d wdrïN lsÍug mshjr
.;a w;r" 2002 j¾Ifha § YS% ,xld rch LTTE ^fou< B<dï úuqla;s fldá
ixúOdkh& ixúOdkh w;r we;s lr .;a idu .súiqfï wjldih ;=< cd;sl
ëjr fldñiu yryd hdmkh Èia;s%la ëjr iïfï,kh iu`. in`o;d ;rlr
.ekSug wmg yels úh'

• 33 •
fuu ls%hdj,sfha§ W;=re m<d;a ëjr iïfï,kfha iNdm;s à';jr;akï
uy;df.a ueÈy;aùu;a uydpd¾h iqffihs wdkkaokaf.a lemùu;a wms w.h
lruq' tfia fkdjkakg hdmkfha§ uyck fldñiu Èh;a lsÍug fuka u
W;=f¾ ëjrhskaf.a fg%da,ska .eg¨j yd wje;eka jq ckhdf.a bvï .eg¨j;a"
.DyuQ,sl ldka;djkaf.a Ôú; wr., ms<sn`oj 2002 j¾Ifha isgu ueÈy;a
ùfï wjia:dj wysñ ù hkq we;' úfYAIfhkau ukakdru Èia;s%la ckhd iu`.
Èh;a l< fia;= iuqøï we, lekSfï lghq;= ;=<ska úm;g m;a jk ukakdru
Èia;s%la ëjr m%cdj ms<sn`oj .eg¨jg ueÈy;a ùu;a" bka wk;=rej uq,a,sl=,u"
m,a,suqfka" uqi,s" wßmamq m%foaYj, hqoaOfhka wkd: l< ëjr m%cdj iu`. yd
.DyuQ,sl ldka;djka ixúOdkh lsÍu o Èh;a lrk ,§' uqi,s m%foaYfha m%cdj
iu`. ol=fKa m%cdj Èh;a l< yqjudre jevigyfkka fuu in`o;d ;rlr
Yla;su;a lrk ,§' flfia jqj;a" jir 2002 § uvl,mqj m%foaYfha ëjr
lghq;= Èh;a lsÍug l,a,rdj ta' lkakka fidhqrd yryd wdrïN l< w;r
th wLKavj .,d fkd.sh w;r th th uvl,mqfõ cd;sl ëjr fldñifï
lghq;= Èh;a lsÍu yd jd¾;dj t<s±laùu;a iu`. wvmk úh' kuq;a 2007
jif¾ Èh;a l< iqkdñ h<s f.dvke.Sfï uyck ie,iqï fldñifï yd 2008
m%cd wNs,dI cd,fha bvï fldñifï ls%hdldß;ajhka yryd hqoaOfhka wj;eka
l< ck;djf.a bvï .eg¨jg ueÈy;a ùug j,sldlKaä" lrÈhkdre yd
fpkal,ä iy trdjq¾ m%foaYj, ck;djf.a .eg¨jg uqyqK §u i`oyd Tjqka
ixúOdkh lsÍug;a cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djh f,i ueÈy;a úh'

fï lreK i`oyd wjYH uQ,sl ixúOdk lghq;=j,§ udOHfõoS iq.,d

l=udß uy;añh yd m%ekaisia rdcka" m%cd wNs,dI iïnkaêldrl f,i m%Odk
odhl;ajhla ±laùh' flfia jqj;a ëjr lghq;= yryd uvl,mqj m%foaYfha
úêu;aj Èh;a lsÍu 2011§ yïnkaf;dg Èia;s%lalfha ;x.,af,a § mej;s f,dal
ëjr Èk ieureu;a iu`.ska yels úh'

ud;r t,a' jhs' jika; fidhqrdf.a jeäu,a fidfydhqre l¿;r W;=r"

mq,sk;,drdufha fodvï my< isß iq.=K ysñ l¿;r Èia;s%la ëjr ls%hdj,sh
f.dvke.Sug wmg iyh jq w;r" ls%hdldÍ lKavdhu iu`. fuu ld¾hfha
iÔjk ls%hdj,shg úlagßka meúÈ fidhqßhf.a odhl;ajh ,nd fok ,§'
;u úydria:dkfha wmf.a ld¾hd,h mj;ajd .ekSug;a" l¿;r Èia;s%la
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jevms<sfj, Èh;a lsÍug;a iq.=K ysñf.a odhl;ajh
mqkHdKqfudaokfhka isysm;a lruq'

• 34 •
cd;sl ëjr ck;d fldñiu Èh;a lsÍu(

ëjr ck;djg n,mdk .eg¨j,g úi`ÿï fiùfï§ ;srir ëjr m%;a;shl

wjYH;djh cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djh wjOdrKh lrk ,o lreKls' ta wkqj
ck;djd§ m%;sm;a;s ieliSu 2002 - 2004 j¾Ij, ld, iSudfõ§ cd;sl uyck
ëjr fldñiu f,i wms Èh;a lf<uq' uyck ëjr fldñifï ksfhdað;hska f,i
kS;S{ tia'Ô'mqxÑfyajd ^iNdm;s&" wks,a iQrisxy wdrÉÑ ^udOHfõÈ& fldaiau
ghsgia ^ëjr&" y¾uka l=udr ^isú,a ls%hdldß& ëjr ldka;djla iy iqiSud
m%kdkaÿ ^cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d m%;sm;a;s wOHhk iïnkaëldrl& f,i ls%hd
lrk ,§' wdrïNl Èia;s%lalj, mej;s uQ,sl f;dr;=re .fõIKfhka miqj
m%dfhda.sl fya;+ u; kS;S{ tia'ð'mqxÑfyajd uy;d fuu ls%hdldß;ajfhka
bj;ajq w;r reyqKq úYajúoHd,fha lDIs úoHd mSGfha uydpd¾h Tiald
wurisxy uy;d wkqm%dma;sl iNdm;s f,i buy;a lemùfuka fuu ld¾hh
i`oyd iafõÉPdfjkau odhl jq nj ia;+;s mQ¾lj i`oyka lruq' tfiau ol=K"
ngysr" W;=r kef.kysr rg ueo jeõ ne`È rdcHh" fudkrd., wd§ ñßÈh"
lsjq,aÈh" lrÈh m%cdj iu`. uyck fldñifï f;dr;=re .fõIKh lr
wmf.a jd¾;dj ieliSu isÿ lrk ,§' fuu ls%hdj,sh mqrdu uyck fldñiu
yd tlafjñka ëjr m%cdjf.a y`v rgg m%ldY lsÍug m%ùK udOHfõ§ m%idoa
mQ¾Ksud,a ±lajq odhl;ajh o wms buy;a ifydaor;ajfhka isysm;a lruq'

uyck fldñifuka Tíng .uka lsÍu fuu lsh % dj,sh ;=< w;sYhskua jeo.;a
lreKla úh' thg fya;j = jkafka ëjr m%cdj w;ßka u;= lr .;a lreKqj,
j,x.=;djh ;yjqre lr.ksñka" kj lreKqj,ska jd¾;dj fmdaIKh lrñka ck;d
iyh Èkd .ekSu i`oyd ck;dj ±kqj;a lsÍfï yd w;aika oi ,CIhl lsh % dj,shg
wj;S¾K ùug ëjr jHdmdrh mshjr .;a neúKs' 2003 j¾Ifha ckjdß isg 2004
j¾Ifha wf.dai;a = olajd jir tlyudrlg wêl ld,hla fuu ld¾hfha ksr;jq
wmg wjidkfha w;aika 450"000 la /ia lr .ekSug yels úh' 2004 jif¾ ëjr
wud;Hjrhdj isá pkaøfiak úfÊisxy uy;df.a wud;HdxY f,alïjrhdg fuu
jd¾;dj yd w;aika ,nd ÿka wms bka wk;=rej ,nd .;a wjia:djl§ fldñiï
jd¾;dfõ wka;¾.; lreKq ms<n s `o jq ixjdohla wud;Hjrhd iu`. Èh;a lf<uq'
tysÈ Tyq i`oyka lf,a —ëjr wdud;HdxYh o cd;sl m%;m s ;a;h
s la ieliSug mshjr
f.k ;sfnkjd' Tn ,nd ÿka jd¾;dfõ lreKqj,ska 75] la muKu wud;HdxYfha
ieliq m%;m
s ;a;s ,shú,a,g we;=<;a lr ;sfnkjd'

• 35 •
úfYAIu lreK jkafka Tnf.a fldñifï iNdm;sjrhd" wud;HdxY ëjr m%;ms ;a;s
ieliSfï lñgqfõ iNdm;sjrhd o jk njhs˜ ta wkqj uydpd¾h Tiald wurisxy
rcfha m%;m
s ;a;s lñgqfõo iNdm;s;j
a h ±Íu wmf.a ld¾hhg Yla;h
s la úh'

kuq;a 2004 jif¾ foieïn¾ 26 iqkdñh ksid ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha yd

ëjr wud;HdxYfha m%;sm;a;sh muKla fkdj" iqkdñ iyk uKav, fhdackdjg
^PTOMS& pkaøsld nKavdrkdhl rcfha yjq,aldß mCIhla jq ck;d úuqla;s
fmruqfKka t,a, jq m%n, úfrdaOh u; rcfhka Tjqka bj;a ùu ksid ck;d
úuqla;s fmruqfKa uka;s%jrfhl= jq pkaøfiak úfÊisxy uy;dg o wud;H
OQrfhka bj;a ùug isÿ úh' ta iu`.u wm ksÍCIKh lf<a iqkdñhg yiqj
ck;djg ys;lr m%;sm;a;shla ilia lr .ekSug rgg ;snq jeo.;a wjia:djla
.s,syS .sh njhs'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djfha ;srir ëjr m%;sm;a;shg cd;Hka;rfhka

m%;spdr (

2004 jif¾§ iqkdñh;a iu`. ëjr m%cdjg w;sYh ;SrKd;aul jirla úh' 35000
wêl ëjr msßilf.a Ôú; wysñ jq w;r oi ,CIhla muK wj;ekaj" ksjdi
wysñ j wkd: úh' kuq;a iqkdñhg yßhgu udihlg fmr" 2004 fkdjeïn¾ ui
17 isg 24 olajd f,dal ëjr iïfï,kh ish f;jk uy iNdj flkahdfõ lsiu s q
kqjr mj;ajk ,§' tysÈ iq¿mkak ëjrhska i`oyd jk m%;m s ;a;h
s l wjYH;djh
o wjOdrKh lrk ,§' fï i`oyd mokula f,i cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d
jHdmdrh úiska ;srir ëjr m%;m s ;a;s ,shú,a, wOHhkh lr lsh % d;aul úh
hq;= njg ixjdohla Èh;a l< w;r .re f;dauia fldÉfÉß msh;=ud wmf.a
m%;m
s ;a;s ,shú,a, idudðl ixúOdk w;r fnod yßk ,§' fuys fuu lreKq
igyka lrkafka wo wm uy;a W;al¾Ihg kkajñka lsh % d;aul lrjd .ekSug
W;aidy .kakd SSF Guidelines ys uQ, îch fuu lsh % dj,sh yryd isÿ jq njg
isys lsÍugh' cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrh ëjr lafIa;h % g ,nd § we;s
odhl;ajh l=ula±hs úuik whg fuu WodyrKh bÈßm;a lsÍu jà'

2004 jif¾ f,dal ëjr iïfï,kfha uyd iuq¿fjka wk;=rej t<UqKq f,dal
wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkfha § ëjr lñgqfõ§ isú,a ixúOdk f,i fuu
fhdackdj bÈßm;a lrk ,§' tys m%;sM,hla f,i 2008 jif¾§ ;dhs,ka;fha
nexfldla k.rfha§ Securing Sustainbale Small Scale Fisheries ^SSF& iuq¿j
f,dal wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkh úiska ixúOdkh lrk ,§'

• 36 •
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh o kd,l frdihsfrda" iñ;a frdYdka" .S;d
,lañKs" ta chj;S iy nqoaêld m%kdkaÿ we;=¿ msßila f,dal ëjr iïfï,kfha
ksfhdað; msßig we;=<;aj iyNd.s lrjk ,§'

fuu iuq¿fjka miqj Èh;a l< WmfoaYk ls%hdj,sh yryd YS% ,xldj o
we;=<;aj rgj,a 14 l iyNd.s;ajfhka SSF Guidelines uq,a flgqïm; ilik
,§' ta wkqj 2014 jif¾ cqks ui iïu; lr ls%hd;aul lsÍug m%hka; ork
VGSSF mq¿,a iyNd.s;ajfhka hq;=j" ck;djf.a ±kqj;aNdjfhka iq¿mkak
ëjr m%cdjf.a ;srir Ôjk meje;au iy;sl lrk iafjÉPd m%;sm;a;s ud,djls'
tys mqfrda.dóka ùu wm ,o Nd.Hhla f,i i`oyka lruq'

úfoaYSh rdcHhkays isr.; ëjrhska ksoyia lr .ekSug Èh;a l< ls%hdj,sh(

YS% ,xldfõ nyqÈk ëjr l¾udka;fha kshq;= ëjrhska wju myiqlï ueo"
i;s .Kkdjla uy uqyqfoa .; lrñka f,dfõ wkdrCIs;u /lshdfõ ksr;
fõ' rgg úfoaY úksuh f.k taug odhl;ajh olajk ksid rfÜ ëjr
l¾udka;fha m%;sm;a;s ilikakka nyqÈk hd;%d fhdod .ksñka .eUqre uqyqfoa
ëjr l¾udka;h m%j¾Okh i`oyd ls%hd;aul fõ' kuq;a wjdikdj jQfha" uy
uqyqfoa wk;=rlg ,la jq hd;%djla fyda úfoaYhl§ w;awvx.=jg m;a hd;%djla
läkñka ksoyia lr f.k" ish rgg f.k taug rdcH ueÈy;a ùu ms<sn`o
;;a;ajh lk.dgqodhl ùuhs' 1999 j¾Ifha ksß;" ngysr yd jhU ;Srfha
fírej," ó.uqj" y,dj;" l,amsáh jrdhka wdYs%; nyqÈk hd;%d 35 l ëjr
ld¾ólhska 185 fofkl= bkaoshdfõ úúO m%dka;j,§ w;awvx.=jg m;aj §¾>
ld,Skj r`ojd ;nd .;a w;r Tjqka ksoyia lr .ekSfï jevms<sfj,la YS% ,xld
rchg fkd;sìKs' ëjr l¾ñlhskaf.a Nd¾hdjka ;ukaf.a iajdñmqreIhska l=uk
hd;%djl" l=uk ysñlrefjl= hgf;a fiajh l<d o hkakj;a fkd±k wirKjq
w;r" orejkag wdydr ,nd§ug fkdyelsj ;sîu wOHdmkh lvdlmam,aùug
wu;rj" wirK ldka;djka uqyqK fok idudÔh .eg¨j,g mjd uqyqK fok
,§' wd.ñl kdhlhska" foaYmd,lhska" Tjqkaf.a fykaphshka" rdcH ks,OdÍka
ish,a,ka miqmi .sh o ldka;djkaf.a wirKNdjhg läkï úi`ÿula ,nd
§ug fkdyels úh' tl hd;%djl uqyqog msg;aj .sh ëjr ld¾ólhska mia fokd
fyda yh fokd ljqrekao hkakj;a fkd±k isá ldka;djkag iduQyslj hï
m%h;akhla u`.ska ;u iajdñmqreIhska ksoyia lr .ekSfï wjldYhla o fkdùh'
ó.uqfõ ls%hd;aul ixúOdk yryd fuu .eg¨j cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrhg bÈßm;a lrk ,o w;r l¿;r" ó.uqj" mq;a;,u

• 37 •
Èia;s%la ixúOdk ls%hdldß;ajfha m%;sM,hla f,i fuu .eg¨jg cd;sl
wjOdkhla Èkd .ekSug ls%hdlrk ,§' udi yhl muK ld,hla 2000 j¾Ifha
Tlaf;dan¾ isg we§ .sh .eg¨j i`oyd cd;sl ;,fhka Tíng bkaÈhdfõ SIFFS
yd NFF ixúOdk iu`. tlaj Èh;a l< jevms<sfjf,a m%;sM,hla f,i uq,skau
ëjr .ekshka msßila" bka wk;=rej ;j;a udi ;=klg miqj kshuqjka msßila
ksoyia lr .kakd ,§' cd;sl ;,fha foaYmd,lhskaj o yjq,a lr .ksñka
by<u ëjr ks,OdÍka iu`. kj È,a,sfha rdcH ;dka;s%l ixjdo yryd ëjr
m%cdj ksoyia lr .ekSug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ksfhdað;hskaf.a
o iyh ysñ jQy' fuh ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ;j;a Yla;su;a lrk jev
ms<sfj,la jq w;r" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iu`. noaO ù lghq;=
l< tla ixúOdkhla jq ëjr ixj¾Ok iyfhda.s;d flakaøh fuu lreKg
wod<j uQ,Huh .eg¨jla uq,a lr .ksñka ëjr iyfhda.s;djfhka bj;a
fjk ,§' kuq;a jeo.;a lreK jQfha úm;g m;a ldka;djka ixúOdk .; ù
Yla;su;a ëjr ldka;d ixúOdkhla msysgqjd .ksñka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh yd noaO ùuhs' 2001 jir jk úg isßj¾Ok fmfofia fudßka m%kdkaÿ
fidfydhqßhf.a iNdm;s;ajfhka hq;=j YS% úuqla;s ëjr ldka;d ixúOdkh
ó.uqfõ m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,fha ,shdmÈxÑh o ,nd .ksñka wm iu`.
tlafjk ,§' fuh jeo.;a ld¾hhla f,i iksgqyka lrkafka wr.,hla ;=<ska
mkakrh ,o ldka;djka Yla;su;a ck mokula iys;j ixúOdk .; ùu;a"
fuu ish,a,ka fuf;la ;u ksjiska neyerg f.dia iudc ls%hdldß;ajfha ksr;
fkdjq úkaÈ; mjq,aj, ldka;djka ùuhs'

fuu ls%hdj,sfha§ ù'úfõldkkaoka" wekagks fnkaÑ,dia" f.dams hk uy;ajreka

fuka u ta'wre,dkkaoka ^keiS.sh& fidhqrdf.a o f;dauia fldÉfÉß msh;=ukaf.a
^iaj¾.ia:jq& odhl;ajh o wms f.!rj mQ¾jlj isysm;a lruq'

iqkdñ jHikhg cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha m%;spdrh…………………

uq¿ f,dju lïmdjg m;a lrñka bkaÈhdkq id.rfha msysá rgj,a 14 l ,CI
;=klg wêl ck;djlf.a Ôú; ydks yd ;j;a ñ,shk .Kkdjla foam, yd
ksjdi wysñ lr" wj;eka lrñka 2004 jif¾ foieïn¾ 26 jk Èk yg.;a
iqkdñh" ëjr wd¾Ólhg muKla fkdj" ëjr mßirh" ëjr ck iudch" ëjr
in`o;d" Wvq hál=re lr ouk ,§' YS% ,xldfõ muKla 35"000 lg wdikak
msßilf.a Ôú; úkdY jq w;r oi ,CIhla muK wj;eka jQy'

• 38 •
uq¿ f,djla lïmd fjñka yd wmuK mß;Hd.YS,S;ajfhka úm;g m;ajQjka
mqkre;a:dmkhg fhduq fjoa§ Okm;s l%ufhka fufyh jk uQ,H wdh;k
úfYAIfhkau f,dal nexl=j bÈßhg meñKsfha —Build Back Better˜ Slogan
bÈßm;a lrñks' YS% ,xld rch fuhg m%;spdr ±lajQfha fjr< ;Srh ëjrhskag
wysñ lrñka fjr< wdrCIl l,dm kï lrñks' fïjdg lsisÿ úoHd;aul
mokula fkdùh' rg h<s f.dvke.Sug i`oyd ckdêm;sksh m;a l< TAFREN
(Task Force for Rebuilding Nation) n,ldfha jHdmdßlhska 14 fokd" ixpdrl
jHdmdrh b,lal lr .ksñka rg f.dvk.k fhdackdj,shla bÈßm;a l<
w;r tu`.ska fjr< ;Srh ixpdrl fydag,a" fjr< WoHdk" bÈ lsÍu i`oyd
fjka lrñka fjr<dikak ëjrhska fjrf<ka bj;a lsÍfï ie,iqï bÈßm;a
lrk ,§' iqkdñfhka wk;=rej YS% ,xldjg meñK iqkdñh ms<sn`oj f;dr;=re
.fõIKh l< iqm%lg f,aÅld Okm;s ls%hdj,sh úfõpkhg ,la lrk
úpdrlfhl= jk kfhdañ laf,aka ;u .%ka:fha fuh y`ÿkajd § we;af;a —Shock
Doctrine˜ Okjdofha wdmod fufyhqu f,ihs' tneúka wmf.a m%;spdrh f,i
iyk" iykdOdr" mqkre;a:dmkh fuka u iqmqreÿ mßÈ m%;sm;a;s fufyhqu o
Èh;a lrk ,§' Hivos, Misereor, CAFOD ixúOdkj,g wu;rj ;j;a fndfyda
ys;j;=ka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh yryd iqkdñ úkaÈ;hskag iyk
ie,iSug bÈßm;a úh' ±,a" tkaðka" hd;%d wd§ ëjr WmlrKj,g wu;rj
ksjdi bÈ lsÍu olajd iyk ie,iSug l¿;r" ó.uqj" wïmdr" ;s%l=Kdu,h"
.d,a," ud;r iy yïnkaf;dg olajd wm yg yels úh' tfiau jvd;a úm;g
m;a m%foaY wdYs%;j hdmkh" yd uvl,mqj m%foaYj,g wu;rj t,a'à'à'B
md,kfha mej;s uq,;sõ Èia;s%lalfha mjd iyk ie,iSug wmg yels úh'

kuq;a iqkdñ h<s f.dvke.Su i`oyd ls%hdj,sfhka ck;djf.a wdrCIdj ie,iSu

Wfoid m%;sm;a;suh ueÈy;a ùul wjYH;djh u; uyck ie,iqï fldñiu
f.dvke.Sug" bvï yd lDIs m%;sixialrK jHdmdrh" ckjfndaO flakaøh"
tlai;a ëjr lïlre fldx.%ih" iúia;s% ldka;d ixúOdkh yd cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh tlaj uyck fldñiu u`.ska ieliq uyck fldñifï
jd¾;dj mokï lr .ksñka ck;djf.a Ôj;aùfï whs;sh" bvug" fjr<g
we;s whs;sh ms<sn`oj we;=¿j úkaÈ;hskaf.a whs;Ska fjkqfjka y`v k`.k
,§' cd,.; ùfuka" úm;g m;a ckhdf.a whs;Ska Wfoid ls%hd;aul ùfï
jeo.;alu uyck ie,iqï flduiu yryd úoHdudk úh' fuu ls%hdj,sh
mqrdu cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djh iu`. w;aje,a ne`o.ksñka th fufyhjQ
iq.,d l=udß fidfydhqßh;a" uyck fldñiu yryd iqkdñ m%;sixialrK

• 39 •
ls%hdj,shg m%;sm;a;suh ueÈy;aùu isÿ l< hq;= njg fhdackd lr th
fufyhjq fudka,d¾ ir;a m%kdkaÿ fidfydhqrd;a ^keiS.sh& tlai;a ëjr
lïlre fldx.%ifha iNdm;s ,Skia ch;s,l ^keiS.sh& f,alï irKmd, o
is,ajd ^keiS.sh& fidfydhqrka o" ckjfndaO flakaøfha kS;S{ nq,;aisxy,
fidfydhqrd;a" iúia;s% ixúOdkfha úOdhl f,alï moaud mqIamldka;s fidhqßh;a
f.!rjfhka isysm;a l< hq;=h'

wdishdkq fi!LH wdh;kh ^AHI& yd ck iyNd.s;aj taldnoaO m%dfoaYSh

ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,sh ^mshdâia& Participatory Integrated Area Development
Strategy ^PIADS&

1999 jir cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djhg ;SrKd;aul jirla úh' wm jHdmdrfha

ls%hdldÍkaf.a yelshd" l=i,;d" ±kqu yd wdl,am j¾Okh i`oyd ueÈy;aùul
wjYH;djh m%;sm;a;suhj ms<s.;a wms ta i`oyd we;s cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r
iEu wjia:djlau Wmfhda.s lr .ksuq' jvd;a ±kqñka yd l=i,;djfhka fuka
u wdl,amj,ska hq;= ls%hdldÍkag wmf.a iudc fufyjr bgq lsÍu i`oyd jk
lemùu yd odhl;ajh m%Yia;j ,nd §u fuys m%Odk wruqKhs'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ls%hdldßlfhl= wdishdkq fi!LH

wdh;kfha ^AHI& cd;Hka;r kdhl;aj ixj¾Ok mdGud,djg ^ILDC& fhdackd
lrk f,i okajd tùu ;=< tjlg wdh;kfha ikaksfõok lghq;= Ndrj
isá ã'tï'tia'Èidkdhl uy;dj kï l< o Tyq rcfha ;k;=rla ,eîfuka
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfhka bj;a ùfuka wmg mqyqKqj ,eîug ;snQ
wjia:dj ks, jYfhka wysñ úh' kuq;a YS% ,xldfjka ;j;a iyNd.slfhl=f.a
mqrmamdvqj u; úlagßka meúÈ fidfydhqßhf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka hq;= YS% ,xld
mqyqKq ixÑ;hg ^cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha idudðl;ajh ork& kula
fhdackd lsÍug wdrdOkdjla tu wdh;kfha úOdhl f,alï ffjoH id¾fgda
yslref.ka ,efnk w;r cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha le`ojqïlre
y¾uka l=udr fï i`oyd kï lrhs' fï ms<sn`oj AHI wdh;kh úu;shg m;ajqj;a
th ms<s.kakd w;r cmdkfha kf.dahd kqjr§ 1999 j¾Ifha iema;eïn¾ 03 od
isg Tlaf;daïn¾ 07 olajd i;s myl ld,hla ,nd .;a mqyqKqj ;=< y¾uka ,nd
.;a ±kqfuka tla jeo.;a m%dfhda.sl ls%hdud¾.hla f,i PIADS bÈßm;a l<
úg" ms,smSkfha bfrdaiSka k.rfha iudc ls%hdldßlfhl= jk fïßhka fmfrrdia
m%Yak lrkafka YS% ,xldfõ foaYmd,k j;djrKh ;=< isú,a iudc jHdmdrj,g
bvlvla fkdue;s kï" rdcH" rdcH fkdjk" foaYmd,k yd ck;d

• 40 •
ixúOdk talrdYs lr .ksñka fmdÿ taldnoaO ixj¾Ok jev ms<sfj,la Èh;a
lrkafka flfia o hkakhs' y¾uka bÈßm;a l< iudc" foaYmd,k" wd¾Ól
jd;djrKh ;=< th b;d idOdrK m%Yakhla jq w;r jir 2000 isg 2008 olajd
lrej,.iajej m%foaYfha§ iekis,s mokfï B' ta' ví' nKavdr uy;df.a
^j;auka ksfhdacH wOHdmk wOHCIl& wdrïNl ueÈy;aùfuka" tjlg
wdKuvqj uka;S% ã'tï'oikdhl uy;df.a ^keiS.sh& iy la,Sgia onf¾rd" ta'
ta' chj;S jeks m%cd kdhlhskaf.a" m%dfoaYSh f,alïjreka jk ã'î'r;aku,,"
^úY%dñl& pkaøisß nKavdr ^j;auka lE.,a, Èidm;s& uy;ajrekaf.a yd tjlg
isá m%dfoaYSh iNd iNdm;sjrekaf.a ueÈy;aúfuka fuu PIADS ls%hdj,sh Èh;a
lrk ,§' fuu jevms<sfj, ;SrKd;aul yd m%Yia; ;,hlg f.k taug mqyqKq
ixÑ;fhka fuu ls%hdj,sfha fojk iïnkaêlrK lghq;= i`oyd fhduq l<
ms%hxlr fldia;d uy;d ls%hd l< w;r" Tyqf.a ueÈy;a ùu ;=< PIADS ms<sn`oj
ukd wjfndaOhla yd m%dfhda.slj ia:dms; ùula m%dfoaYSh ls%hdj,sh ;=< isÿ jq
nj ia;+;s mQ¾jlj igyka lr ;eìh hq;=h' fuu ls%hdj,sh mqrdjgu cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ksfhdackh lrñka tys mßmd,k f,alï .S;d
,lañKs uy;añh mqyqKq ixÑ;fha iNdm;s f,i úlagßka meúÈ fidfydhqßh o
me,ag%d wdh;kfha iuka yukaf.dv uy;d;a" m%cd fi!LH wdh;kfha wOHCIl
wfYdal lreKdr;ak uy;d we;=¿ msßi ±lajq odhl;ajh o isysm;a lruq'

fuu ls%hdj,sh mqrdjgu wdishdkq fi!LH wdh;kfha YS% ,xldj Ndr

ksfhdað;jßh jq uhqñ huidls uy;añh u;= l< m%Odk m%Yakhla úh' cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ëjr jHdmdrhla jk úg lrej,.iajej jeks
lDIsl¾uh mokï lr.;a m%foaYhl PIADS ls%hd;aul lrkafka wehs @ hkakhs'
j,x.= m%Yakhla jqjo ms<s;=re wmg meyeÈ,sh'

- PIADS ls%hd;aul lsÍug fhda.H foaYmd,k kdhl;ajh fhda.H

jd;djrKhla - ã'tï'oikdhl uka;s%jrhd fuh ,nd fok ,§'

- kdhl;ajh .ekSug lemjqKq ck;djla yd Tjqkaf.a ixúOdk

- m%foaYfha f.dú ixúOdk yd ck;d kdhlhska iu`. noaO ùu'

- rdcH ks,OdÍkaf.a iyh - PIADS wjfndaO lr .ekSug yd ls%hd;aul

lsÍug ks,OdÍka msßila y`ÿkd.ekSu'

- mej;s foaYmd,k jd;djrK ;=< ls%hdlsÍug isú,a ixúOdkj,g we;s

yelshdj - iekis,s mokfï nKavdr uy;dg fï i`oyd ;snq wjYH;djh

- l<ukdlrKh lsÍug myiq N+f.da,Sh m%foaYhl yd ck;djf.a .eg¨

• 41 •
 - iajNdúl iïm;a yd udkj iïm;la ^lemjqKq& ;sîu jeks lreKq
.Kkdjla ksidu PIADS ls%hdj,sh i`oyd lrej,.iajej m%foaYh fhda.H
úh' fuhg wu;rj úl,am ixj¾Okhla yd f.dú;ekla w;ayod ne,Sï
Èh;a lsÍug lrej,.iajej kS,neïu wdYs%; ldnksl f.dúfmd, wmf.a
mqyqKq lghq;=j,g uOHia:dkh f,i wms ls%hd;aul jQfhuq' ;reK msßia yd
f.dùka" ldka;djka mqyqKq lsÍu" mqyqKq Èh;a lsÍug wruqo,la f.dvke.Su
wmf.a ls%hdj,sh ;=< Èh;a lrk ,§' m%cd ixj¾Ok iyfhda.s;d flakaøfha
ta'ta'chj;S" m%cd fi!LH wdh;kfha wfYdal lreKdr;ak" rkam;a f.dú
mqyqKq uOHia:dkfha iNdm;s" fcdaYma m%kdkaÿ uy;d" wdrïNfha§ iekis,s
mokfï B'ta'ví' nKavdr uy;ajre ms%hxlr fldia;d uy;d iu`. fuu
ls%hdj,sfha§ ±lajq odhl;ajh w.h lruq'

jir 2008 jk úg wdishdkq fi!LH wdh;kh ;u iyh ±laùfuka bj;a ùu;a

iu`. wmf.a ixúOdk lghq;= úêu;aj Èh;a lsÍug fkdyelsjq kuq;a wmf.a
ldnksl f.dúmf,a ck;djg wjYH mqyqKq ,nd§u wLKavj ls%hd;aul lruq'

iduh ixys`Èhdj yd cd;Ska w;r iqyo;djh

jir 26 la mqrd W;=f¾;a kef.kysr ck;dj;a m%uqLj iuia; rg jeishkau

hqoaOfhka mSvdjg m;a jq w;r oyia .Kka ck;djf.a Ôú; wysñùug
m%Odkj" wdndê;hska f,i iudchg ysñlr ÿka ck;dj" ;ukaf.a mjqf,a
m%Odk wdodhï ud¾.h W;amdokh l< mqreIhska wysñ lsÍfuka" w;=reoyka
lsÍu ksid fyda >d;kh ksid .Dy uQ,slhska njg m;a l< ldka;djka" mshd
wysñ l< ¥ orejka" hqoaOh ksid ;u foam, wysñ jq ckhd" wj;eka jq m%cdj"
rg yer .sh irKd.;hska oyia .Kkla fkdj ,CI .Kkls'

hqoaOfha .sks±,a ksù .sh o tu .skafkka ±jqKq ck;djf.a Ôú; W;=f¾;a"

ol=fK;a" rg mqrdu;a w¿hg .sks fuka r`od mj;sk nj fkdryils' wfkfHdakH
úYajdih wysñùfuka yd tlsfkldf.a ienE h:d¾:hka ikaksfõokh lsÍug
fkdyels ùfuka wúYajdih yd wkjfndaOh ;=< wmf.a i;=rd fou< ñksid"
isxy, ñksid hk is;=ú,a, ;=< i;=rka f,i ;ju;a Ôj;a fjuq' fuu`.ska
b;du;au wjdikdjka; ;;a;ajhlg rg m;a lr we;s w;r — iuyr wd.ñl
kdhlhska cd;sfha .e,jqïlrejka f,i fmkS isáñka" foaYmd,{hskaf.a
wdYs¾jdoh yd wkq.%yfhka cd;Ska w;r fNao jemsÍfuka udOH u`.ska isÿ lrk
tajd W;al¾Ihg kekaùu;a u`.ska fuu fõokdldÍ ;;a;ajfhka ;j

• 42 •
;j;a W.%ùu ±lsh yel' l,ska l,g u;= jk kdhlhska cd;sh .,jd .ekSfï
uqjdfjka rfÜ n,h veye .ekSug" isxy, fn!oaOd.u W;al¾Ihg kekaùu
È.ska È.gu isÿ lr we;' kuq;a isxy," fou<" uqia,sï" n¾.¾" wdÈjdis we;=¿
ish¨ ck fldgia w;r iudkd;au;djh" iudc idOdrK;ajh ;=< ls%hd;aul
ùu" wfkfHdakH ms<s.ekSu yd .re lsÍu ;=<ska wjfndaOh" wfkldf.a ÿl"
fõokdj jgyd .ekSfuka tldjkaj lghq;= lsÍu i`oyd wms ls%hd l< hq;= nj
wms ;rfha úYajdi lf<uq' hqoaOh ;=<ska úkdYh ñi lsisÿ iudc idOdrK;ajhla
f.dvke.sh fkdyels nj;a ck;djf.a m%Yakj,g ta ;=< úi`ÿï fkdue;s nj;a
wms wjOdrKh lf<uq' ta fjkqfjka fmkS isáfhuq' fndfyda idu ixúOdk yd
isú,a ls%hdldß;ajhka rch yd fou< B<dï úuqla;s fldá ixúOdkh w;r idu
idlÉPd Èh;a lrk wjêfha§ iduh yd ixys`Èhdj ms<sn`oj uy y`äka l;d
l< o hqO iufha § ksødjg m;a fõ'

kuq;a cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha wms b;du;a oreKq hqoaO iufha§
mjd hqoaOhg tfrysj iduh yd ixysÈhdj i`oyd wmuK ;¾ck" .¾ck ueo"
orKq wmydihkag ,la fjñka" fvd,¾ ldlalka f,i f,an,a we,ùu fuka u"
ixúOdkh ;=< u mej;s m%;súreoaO nyq;r u;jdo ueo fou< ck ixydrhg
yd hqoaOhg tfrysj;a m%n,j fmkS isáfhuq' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i 2002 jif¾
fmnrjdß 11 jk osk tjlg pkaøsld nKavdrkdhl rcfha w.ue;sjrhd jq
rks,a úl%uisxy;a t,a'à'à'B kdhl fõ¿ms,af,a m%Ndlrkq;a w;r we;s lr .;a
idu .súiqfuka wk;=rej isxy," fou< iy uqia,sï ckhd w;r wm uqyqK §
isá iudc" wd¾Ól iy foaYmd,k h:d¾:hka y`ÿkdf.k" tajdfha uQ,hkag
;srir úi`ÿï fiùu i`oyd W;=r" ol=K" kef.kysr iy rg ueo ckhd
taldnoaO lrk ls%hdj,shla i`oyd mq¿,a fmruqKla f.dvke.Sug ck;dj w;r
iduh yd ;srir ixj¾Okh i`oyd jk ixjdoh wdrïN lf<uq' fuysÈ rfÜ
mSvdjg m;aj isák idudkH ckhd mokï lr .ksñka" W;=f¾ yd ol=fKa
f.dùka w;r" ëjrhska w;r;a" lïlrejka yd lïlrejka w;r;a" j;=lrfha
ck;dj iu`.;a" fuu ls%hdj,sfha nrm;,u mSvdjg m;aj we;s ldka;djka
w;r;a ixjdohla fufyhùug;a" ta ;=<ska wm ish,a,ka uqyqK§ isák iudc"
wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k h:d¾:hka yd tys kj ,snr,a uQ,hka jgyd .ekSug;a"
mSvdjg fya;=jk uQ,hkag úi`ÿï fiùfï wjYH;djhla wms iudc .; lf<uq'
kuq;a" fuh yqfola cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha m%h;akhla fkdjq w;r
fuu ls%hdj,sfha kshuqjka f,i wm iu`. w;aje,a ne`o.;a w;s úYd, msßila
wm iu`. úh'

• 43 •
bvï yd lDIsl¾u lafIa;%fha f.dú jHdmdrhkag kdhl;ajh iemhQ ir;a
m%kdkaÿ" ldka;d ls%hdldß cd,fha moaud mqIamldka;s iy ldka;d Yla;s
ixúOdkfha frdaysKs ùrisxy fidhqßhka o ol=fKka wm yd tla jQ w;r W;=f¾
f.dú ixúOdk ksfhdackh lrñka .%dóh lïlre ixúOdkfha bkankdh.ï
iy ëjr lafIa;%h ksfhdackh lrñka tka';jr;akï" iQßhl=ud¾" rdcpkaøka
fuka u hdmkh úYajúoHd,fha uydpd¾h tia'iqffihs wdkkaoka o" ldka;d
lafIa;%fha hdmkfha ldka;d ixj¾Ok mokfï ifrdacd isjpkaøka we;=¿
fndfyda isú,a ls%hdldÍka" úYajúoHd, wdpd¾hjreka" YsIHhska" f.dùka"
ëjrhska" W;=f¾ yd ol=fKa ckhd w;r 2002 jif¾ werô ixjdoh jir 20 la
mqrd wLKavju Èh;a lruq'

fuu ixjdoh i`oyd myiqlï iemhSu fkda¾fõ úYajúoHd,hl fiajfha kshq;=

uydpd¾h à'Ikauq.r;akï yd tjlg ySfjdaia wdh;kfha YS% ,xld WmfoaYsldj
jq *hsiqka ilßhd iy fïkld lkaoidó uy;aóka o wm iu`. w;aje,a ne`o
.kakd ,§'

2002 jif¾ wf.daia;= ui wmf.a uq,au ixjdoh hdmkfha§ ixúOdkh l<

w;r bka wk;=rej ìysiqKq hqO .egqï mej;s 2006 isg 2009 ld, iSudfõ§;a
iduh Wfoid wmf.a lemùu wLKavju ls%hd;aul lf<uq' cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha fuu ls%hdj,sfha§ ±lajq ;SrKd;aul ueÈy;a ùu ksid
wdrïNfha§u fuu ls%hdldß;ajfha fufyhqu wm uq,a lr .ksñka isÿ lsÍug
W;=f¾ yd ol=fKa ckhd tl`.ùu;a ta i`oyd fufyhqu Èh;a lsÍu i`oyd
weka;kS fÊiqodika iïnkaO lr .ekSu;a cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh
f,i jeo.;a lreKla f,i igyka lruq'

fuu ixjdoh ;=<ska t<ô iqkdñ iufha;a" oreKq hqO .egqï mej;s iufha;a"
iqkdñ fufyhqï uKav, ^PTOMS) fhdackdj bÈßm;a jq iufha§;a" wk;=rej
oreKq hqO .egqï ueo ck;dj wirKjq iufh§;a" ueKsla *dï wj;eka l`ojqr
;=< mej;s udkj ysñlï W,a,x>Kh ùï j,§;a" wj;ekajQ ckhd" w;=reoyka
l< mjq,aj, ck;djf.a mjq,aj,g" orejkag idOdrKh bgq lrk f,i;a"
bka§h irKd.;hska h<s uõìug meñKs úg h<s mÈxÑh i`oyd wjYH iyh
yd Tjqkaf.a foam, h<s ,nd .ekSug hqoaOfhka úm;g m;a ck;djg wjYH
uQ,sl wjYH;d bgq lr fok udkqISh fufyhqu Èh;a lrk f,i;a" W;=f¾
ckhdf.a bvï whs;sh" fjr< yd ksoyfia Ôj;a ùug we;s whs;sh i`oyd;a" tu
iïm;a fld,a,lñka Èh;a lrk Bkshd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s" ixpdrl jHdmdrh"

• 44 •
fuka u idudkH ckhdg idfmaCIj r`ojd we;s yuqod fin¿ka yd yuqod wkq
LKavhka ksid idudkH ckhdg úfYAIfhkau ldka;djkag yd ;reKhskag we;s
lr we;s udkisl yd ldhsl mSvd ms<sn`oj we;=¿ ëjr yd f.dú ckhdg iDcqj
n,mdk .eg¨j,g ksrka;rfhka fmkS isáñka W;=f¾ yd ol=fKa taldnoaO
y`vla ke.Sug wms ls%hd lf<uq'

ëjrhd fm<k bka§h fg%da,ska .eg¨jg tfrysj wms cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh f,i w;aje,a ne`o .;suq'

2002 j¾Ifha rks,a-m%Ndlrka —idu .súiqfuka˜ miqj tf;la l<la uqyqog f.dia
/lshdj lsÍug fkdyelsj wirKj isá ëjr m%cdjg uqyqÿ hdug h<s wjia:dj
Wod úh' ta jk úg YS% ,xld uqyqÿ ;Srh wdl%uKh lrñka ol=Kq bka§h ëjr
uqo,d,s,df.a" foaYmd,{hskaf.a fg%da,ska hd;%d wmf.a uqyqÿ úkdY lrñka ;snQ
w;r W;=f¾ ëjrhska thg tfrysj y`v ke.Sug wjia:djla njg idu wjldYh
f;dard .kakd ,§' wms wdrïN l< ck;dj w;r ixjdofha m%;sM,hla f,i fuu
jd;djrKh wms ±k isá w;r W;=f¾ ckhd hdmkh Èia;s%la f,alï ld¾hd,fha
bÈßmsg 2003 jif¾ § Èh;a l< udrdka;sl Wmjdihg ixfla;d;aul f,i
iyh ±laùula f,i ó.uqj nia kej;=ïfmd, bÈßmsg§ ixúOdkh lf<uq'
Wmjdifha ksr; W;=f¾ ëjr kdhlhska yd wdrCIl wud;HdxYfha ks,OdÍka
w;r mej;s ixjdofha § fuu lreKq ;SrKd;aulj úuiQ nj;a ó.uqfõ isg
iyh olajk lKavdhu yd W;=f¾ ëjrhska w;r iïnkaO;djh l=ula o hkak
fuu ixjdofha§ biau;= jQ nj" fuu ixjdohg kdhl;ajh ÿka tjlg W;=re
m<d;a ëjr iñ;s iïfï,kfha iNdm;s tka' ;jr;akï uy;d ia;+;s mQ¾jlj
;SrKd;aul wjia:d .Kkdjl§ u;= lrk ,§'

fuh cd;Ska w;r iqyo;dj" ixys`Èhdj yd wfkfHdakH úYajdih f.dvke.Sfï

lsh
% dj,sfhys wm ,nd .;a ch.%yKhla nj i`oyka l< hq;= w;r ëjr m%cdjla
f,i fuu lsh % dj,sh ;=< wLKavj bÈßhg hdug fuh Yla;hs la jq nj i`oyka
l< hq;h= '

ck;dj w;r ixjdoh cd;Hka;rhg………………………………

jir 2004 § bka§h fg%da,ska .eg¨j b;du ;sj% uÜgulg meñKs w;r YS%
,dxlSl ëjr m%cdjf.a mSvkh ±äj bka§h ëjr hd;%d ysñhkag ±kqKs' fuys
m%;sM,hla f,i 2004 jif¾ wf.daia;= ui ta' wre,dkkaoka" ù' úfõldkkaoka
we;=¿ 20 l muK fg%da,¾ hd;%d —ol=Kq bka§h ëjr iñ;s iïfï,kh ^SIFFS&

• 45 •
yd wysxil ëjrhska ksoyia lsÍfï ixúOdkh ^ARIF& YS% ,xldfõ ixpdrh
l< w;r" cd;sl fifvla wdh;kh yd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrh fuu
ixjdoh i`oyd wjYH fufyhqu Èh;a lrk ,§' bka§h ëjr hd;%d ysñhka
yg YS% ,xldfõ hqO wkd:hskf
a .a mSvkh yd /lshdfõ iajNdjh y`ÿkd.ekSug
fuu pdßldj ixúOdkh lsÍug wmg yels úh' úfYAIfhkau rdhmamq fcdaYma
ukakdru ysgmq ro.=re;=udf.a;a ^iaj¾.ia:&" wkqkdhl úlag¾ iqfihs msh;=ud
we;=¿ W;=f¾ ëjr kdhlhska yg ia:djrh b;d meyeÈ,sj bÈßm;a lsÍug
fuh jeo.;a wjia:djla úh'

2004 j¾Ifha§ iqkdñh;a iu`. YS% ,dxlSl ëjr ksfhdað; msßila bka§hdjg
f.dia ;ñ,akdvqfõ ëjrhska yuqùug l< wdrdOkdj ls%hd;aul lsÍug wmg
fkdyels jqjo" hqoaOh yudr ù h<s ëjr l¾udka;h wdrïN l< 2010 jif¾
Tlaf;danrfha ol=Kq bka§h ;ñ,akdvq m%dka;fha rdfïIajrï isg u,a,smÜkï"
fc.odmÜgkï" fldf¾ld¾ iy kd.mÜgkï olajd Èk 07 la k.rfhka
k.rhg 25 fofkl=f.ka" ëjr rdcH ks,OdÍka" lf;da,sl iNd mshjreka yd
ksfhdað;hska" úYajúoHd, wdpd¾hjreka" udOH yd isú,a ksfhdað;hskaf.ka
iukaú;j Èh;a l< ixjdofha wjika tl`.;djh fpkakhs k.rfha mej;s
kdhlhska w;r isÿ lrk ,§'

YS% ,xld rch fjkqfjka fuu tl`.;djh Ndr .ekSug meñKSug tjlg ëjr
weu;s rdð; fiakdr;ak tl`.j isáh;a Tyqf.a ksfhdað; f,i ëjr wOHCI
ckrd,a tka' m;srK uy;d iyNd.s úh' kuq;a fuu tl`.;d ms<. s ekSug YS% ,xld
rch iQodkï fkdjq w;r" —fuh rdcH ;dka;l %s uÜgñka úi`od .; hq;= lreKhla
ñi ëjrhskf a .a tl`.;d ms<.
s ; fkdyels nj˜ Tyqf.a ia:djrh úh'

ta wkqj ck;djf.a .eg¨ i`oyd ck;djg ueÈy;aj úi`ÿï fiùu i`oyd

Tjqkag we;s whs;sh ms<s fkd.kakd wêldßjdÈ rchla iu`. ls%hd l< hq;=
wdldrh ms<sn`oj h<s;a w;a±lSula ,nd .ekSug W;=f¾ ëjr m%cdjg yd cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg yels úh'

kuq;a fuu ls%hdj,sh ;=<ska wm ,nd .;a ch.%yK /ila jQy' úfYAIfhkau
2011 jif¾ ud¾;= 13 jk Èk ó.uqj wmf.a ld¾hd,hg /iajq fuu bka§h
ëjr ixjdo ls%hdj,shg odhl;ajh ±lajq ëjr kdhlhska yd ol=fKa ëjr
m%cdj w;r w;a±lSï fnod .ekSula isÿ l< w;r tysÈ W;=re m<d;a ëjr
ck;d jHdmdrh kñka ixúOdkhla f.dvk.k ,§'

• 46 •
tys m<uq iNdm;sjrhd f,i tka';jr;akï uy;dj tys iyNd.slhska
talu;slj f;dard m;a lr .kakd ,§' fuu ixúOdkh miqj W;=re m<d;a
ëjr ck;d tl;=j kñka foaYmd,ksl fya;= u; fmkS isá w;r wo olajdu
W;=re m<d;a ëjr m%cdjf.a fmdÿ m%Yak ksfhdackh lrk m%n, jHQyhla f,i
ls%hd;aul ùu m%Odku ch.%yKhls'

ck;dj w;r bkaÈhdfõ mej;s ixjdoh m%;sfCIam lsÍug rch fm<Uqfka

wehs@

fuu ixjdohg iyNd.slhska f,i ëjr m%cdjg wu;rj rdcH ks,OdÍka

fofofkla" SEDEC ksfhdað;hsk a fofofkla " W;= r e m<df;a uka k dru yd
hdmkh moúh ksfhdackh lrñka ms h;= u ka ,d fofofkla " uydpd¾h
iqffihs wdkkao ka o" udOHfõoSk a fofofkla yd cd;s l ëjr iyfhda . s ; d
jHdmdrh ksfhdackh lrñka fofofkla iu`. W;= f ¾ fjr<nv Èia ; s % l a l 04
ksfhdackh lrñka ëjr kdhlhsk a 12 fofkl= iyNd.s jQ y ' fuu ms ß i w;ßka
tla SEDEC ksfhdað;fhl= ;uka YS% ,xldfõ ëjr weu;s f .a ks f hda ð ;hd
f,i /iaùïj,§;a" udOHlrejka fm!oa.,slj yuqfjñkq;a woyia bÈßm;a
lrk ,o w;r m%Odk lKavdhfuka ksrka;rfhka mßndysrj fuu lghq;af;a
ksr; úh' wmf.a m%:u ck yuqu rdfïIa j rïys ;x.ÉÑuvïyS § ixúOdkh
lsßug wre,dkkao ï ^keiS. sh & ls%h d l< w;r th Tyq f .a u ks c ìu o úh'
wmf.a ls%hdj,sfha§ W;=f¾ ëjr iuQm dldr iñ;s iïfï,kfha iNdm;s j
isá keiS.sh ;jr;akï yg bkaÈhdjg ùid ,nd §u m%;sfCIam lsÍu fya;=fjka
ëjr lKavdhfï kdhl;ajhg fmaÿre ;=vqfõ ëjr kdhl iQßhl=ud¾ f;dard
.kakd ,§' Tyqf.a w;s oCI lÓl;ajh ;x.ÉpÑuvï ëjr m%cdjf.a weia
wrjkakla jq w;r ta u; mokïj udydpd¾h iqffihs wdkkaoka m%ldY lf<a"
—;ñ,akdvq ck;djg hqoaO iufha§ wmg ,nd ÿka iyhg wms Kh .e;shs' tfia
fkdjkakg wfma ckhd fndfydauhla hqoaOfhka ñh .syska'

kuq;a ±ka hqoaOh wjika' wms wfma ck;dj kej; ÿIalr;d ueo Ôú;h
wdrïN lrñka isá' tl me;a;lska bka§h fg%da,¾ hd;%d meñK wfma uqyqo
úkdY lrkjd' ;j;a me;a;lska wfma ëjr weu;s mqj;am;aj,g m%ldY lrkafka
Tjqkaf.a kkaÈlvd,a l,mqj we;=¿j W;=f¾ c, ;Srfha c,Ôù j.djg Ökhg
nÿ fok njhs' hqoaOfhka wkd: jq W;=f¾ fou< ckhdg fomhska ke.S isàug
wjia:djla fokafka ljodo@ wms Tfnka b,a,kafka wfma uqyqÿ m;=, úkdY
lrk fg%da,ska hd;%d wmf.a uqyqÿ iSudjg fkdtjk f,ihs'˜

• 47 •
wm w;r isá mqoa.,fhl= fuh ëjr weu;sjrhdg jydu jerÈ wdldrfhka
ikaksfõokh lrk ,ÿj fuu lKavdhu iu`. uq, isgu wkjfndaOfhka ls%hd
l< nj jgyd .kafka fuu .ukg fmr iyfhda.fhka isá weu;sjrhdf.a
iïnkaëlrK f,alïjrhd .ufka m%.;sh jd¾;d lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd
.ekSug h<s Tyq weu;sfï§ wmg ±lajq m%;spdrh ksihs'

Tyq wmf.ka úuiQfõ" —lõo fï uydpd¾h iqfihs wdkkaoka@ Tyq rgg úreoaOj"
wfma weu;s;=udg úreoaOj lghq;= lr ;sfnkjd' weu;s;=ud iu`. ixjdohlg
fmr tajd meyeÈ,s lr .; hq;=h hkakhs' kuq;a bka wk;=rej weu;sjrhd
iu`. lsisÿ idlÉPdjla fï ms<sn`oj fkd,enqKq w;r Tyq udOHhg ,nd § ;snq
m%ldYj,ska wmg l< fpdaokdj wms ±k .;suq'

- ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh yd W;=f¾ weyso .;a ëjr msßila bkaÈhdjg

f.k f.dia bka§h ëjrhskag wmf.a uqyqog meñK /lshdj lsÍug
wjia:dj ,nd ÿka nj;a"

- ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh W;=f¾ fou< B<dï úuqla;s fldá ixúOdkhg

wh;a msßila /f.k f.dia bkaÈhdfõ m%cdj iu`. isÿ l< idlÉPd
ms<sfkd.kakd nj;a"

- bka§h rch iu`. ixjdo Èh;a lsÍug YS% ,xld rch wfmaCId lrk nj;a
ck;dj w;r ixjdo ms<fs kd.kakd nj;a h' wmf.a fhdackd m%;Cs Iam l< o
rch bka§h ëjrhska yd YS% ,xld ëjrhska w;r ixjdo i`oyd fhduq ùu;a"
miqj wm iu`. bkaÈhdkq .ukg iyNd.s jq ëjrhska Tjqkf a .a ixjdofha§
o iyNd.s lrjd .ekSu o wm ,o ch.%yKhla f,i wms olsu'q

fuu ixpdrh ixúOdkh lsÍfïoS tjlg uyskao rdcmCI ckdêm;s jrdhf.a

leìkÜ wud;H OQrhla ±rE v.a,ia foajdkkaof.a ueÈy;aùu ;=<ska rdð;
fiakdr;ak ëjr weu;sjrhd bkaÈhdjg meñK rgj,a fofla ëjr m%cdjf.a
tl`.;d Ndr .ekSug tl`. ù isá w;r fï ms<sn`oj idCIs ±Íug SIFFS
wdh;kfha ù'úfõldkkaoka uy;dg yels jkq we;' miqj mej;s foaYmd,k
jd;djrKh ;=< rdð; fiakdr;ak weu;sjrhd fpkakdhs kqjrg fkdmeñfKk
w;r ta fjkqjg ëjr wOCI ckrd,a tka'm;srK meñK forfÜ ëjrhskaf.a
tl`.;d ,shú,a, ndr .;a nj fuys igyka ;nkafka ëjr weu;sjrhdf.a
wkq.%yfhka f;drj Tyqg tys meñKsh fkdyels nj;a" rch yd wm w;r
mej;s tl`.;djh ms<sn`oj ikd: l< yels lreKla f,ihs'

• 48 •
fuu .ufka yd tl`.;djfhka wm fjku igyka lr m%ldYhg m;a lr we;s w;r
th cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrhg fM;sydisl lsh
% dldß;ajhla f,i igyka
;nuq' ta yryd f.dvke.=kq W;=re m<d;a ck;djf.a tluq;j = jir 12 la mqrd
lsh
% d;aul jk w;r úúO foaYmd,k mCI" isú,a ixúOdk" mqo. a ,hska fï olajdu
th iu`. lsh % dldÍ ùu ëjr ck;d jHdmdrhla f.dvke.Sug wmf.a b,lalhka
<`.d lr .ekSug odhl jq ;j;a wjia:djla nj igyka lr ;nuq' cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrfha iyh úúO ;dCIKsl lreKq i`oyd W;=re m<df;a ëjr
tl;=jg wjYH jqjo" foaYmd,kslj yd jHQyd;aulj iajdëkj .uka lrkq ±lSu
wmf.a m%h;akfha id¾:l;ajhla f,i fï fudfydf;a§ isym s ;a lruq'

cd;sl ëjr lïlre ix.uh f.dvke.Su………………………………

f,dal ëjr ck;d iïfï,kfha ^WFFP& j;auka YS% ,xld idudðl;ajh ork
tlu ixúOdkh cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh muKs' thg iïnkaOjq
wfkl=;a ixúOdk yd jD;a;Sh ix.uh Tjqkagu wdfõksl fya;= ksid f,dal
ëjr iïfï,kfhka bj;a ùu fyda bj;a lsÍu isÿlr we;' kuq;a cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh hï ld¾hhl wLKavj bÈßhgu ;d¾lSl wka;hla
olajd .uka lsÍu wmf.a iajNdjhhs' ta wkqj wms ;ju;a wLKavj tls
lghq;af;a ksr; jk w;r tu`.ska wm ,nd .;a ch.%yK o /ils' f,dal
ëjr ck;d iïfï,kfha m%:u iïnkaêldrl jq f;dauia fldÉfÉß msh;=ud
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha wmj Èß .ekajQfha ëjr jD;a;Sh ix.uhla
yryd foaYmd,ksl ueÈy;a ùula ;=<ska ëjr ck;djf.a whs;Ska Èkd .ekSug
yels nj bkaÈhdfõ ëjr jD;a;Sh ix.ufha ^NFF& w;a±lSu ;=<ska fmkajd
foñKs' fï i`oyd iyh ùug flar,fha isg ,xldjg fm!oa.,slju meñK"
Èia;s%lalfhka Èials%lalhg" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHmdrh wm iu`. .uka
lrñka" ëjr m%cdj" isú,a ixúOdk" jD;a;Sh ix.ï wduka;%Kh lrñka ëjr
lïlre ix.uhla f.dvke.Sug wmg u`.fmka jk ,§' b;du;a fõokd;aul
iy ixfõoS iuhla jq 2009 jif¾ uehs ui wjidkfha§ isxy," fou< iy
uqia,sï ëjr m%cdj úfYAIfhkau wu;ñka" fldÉfÉß msh;=ud u;= l< woyia
wog;a fygg;a tlfia j,x.=h'

- iudc fjkila wdhqO Ndú;fhka isÿ lsÍug W;aidy .ekSu ck;djg

úkdYldß nj f.k foa' th fou< B<dï úuqla;s fldá ixúOdkh yd
YS% ,xld rcfha yuqod w;r l< .egqfuka meyeÈ,sh' thska fjkila isÿ
lsÍug u¾okldÍ ls%hd ud¾. u`.ska bv fkdfoa'

• 49 •
- rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj,ska isÿ l< yels fiajh iSñ; jk w;r thska
È.=ld,Sk foaYmd,ksl ueÈy;aùula wfmaCId lsÍu wmyiqh' isú,a
ixúOdk ls%hdldß;ajfhka tys ls%hdldÍkaf.a yd iSñ; ck msßilf.a iSñ;
wjYH;d bgq l< yels jqjo rgla yd m%cdjla f,i m%n, ueÈy;aùula
wfmaCId l< fkdyels h'

- m%cdjf.a" hï jD;a;Shl ksr; msßilf.a whs;Ska Èkd .ekSug

foaYmd,ksl jHdmdrhla wjYH jk w;r" ;u ck;djf.a whs;Ska Èkd
.ekSug foaYmd,ksl ueÈy;aùula jD;a;Sh ix.uhlg isÿ l< yelsh'
tneúka ksjerÈ Yla;su;a kdhl;ajhla ;=<ska jD;a;Slhskag iudcfha
hym;a fjkila i`oyd fm!oa.,sl wNsu;d¾: blaujd hñka odhl úh
yelsh' ëjr jD;a;Sh ix.uhla f.dvke.Su ;=<ska f,dal ëjr jHdmdrh
Yla;su;a lsÍug odhl jk f,i wms b,a,d isáuq'

fuu mKsjqvh 2009 jif¾ uehs ui 29 Èk isg cqks ui 08 jk Èk olajd

.ï uÜgñka bÈßm;a lsÍuu úma,ùh lreKla f,i fuysÈ igyka lrkafka
fou< ck;djf.a fõokdldÍ" wiSñ; mSvdldß hqO .sk± s ,aj, mSvdfjka fõokd
ueo .uka lsÍfï w;a±lSu o iu`.k s 's kuq;a 2009 jif¾ wdrïN l< cd;sl
ëjr jD;a;Sh ix.uh f.dvke.Sfï ld¾hh úúO fya;= ksid hgm;a jqjo"
ta i`oyd f,dfh,a mSßia" mS'tÉ'lS¾;smd," wdkkao mSßia jeks kdhlhska o
j¾;udkfha ta'fla'cu,aãkaf.a lemùu o wms ëjr jHdmdrh f,i w.h lruq'
fuu ls%hdj,shg myiqlï iemhSug ms%hxlr fldia;d" kd,l frdihsfrda iy
weka;kS fÊiqodika fidhqrkaf.a odhl;ajh ia;+;s mQ¾jlj isysm;a lruq'

t'fla'cu,aãka"tï'tï'ñ,agka" pkaøld fmdäfkaßiaf.a j;auka kdhl;ajfhka

ëjr m%cdj uqyqK fok nrm;, .eg¨ i`oyd foaYdmd,ksl ueÈy;aùu f;dauia
fldÉfÉß msh;=ud wdrïNfha isgu u;= l< woyfia ksjerÈ;djh yd bÈß
±lau ikd: lrhs' foaYdmd,kslj ms<s;=re §u yd tajdg úi`ÿï fiùu i`oyd
cd;sl ëjr jD;a;Sh ix.ufha lemùu w.h lrñkau" th iajdëk lïlre
jHdmdrhla olajd j¾Okh lsÍfï wjYH;djh yd úNjh;djh o ta i`oyd
lemùfï wjYH;djh o fufia igyka lr ;nuq'

ck;djf.a bvï wr.,hg wmf.a ueÈy;aùu

N=ñfha whs;sh yd Ôj;aùfï whs;sh fjkqfjka W;=f¾;a ol=fKa;a" j;=lrfha;a
ck;dj ksrka;r wr.,hl ksr;j isá;s' Tjqka w;ßka j;=lrfha ck;dj

• 50 •
jir 200 la mqrdu Ôj;aùug ìï w.,la fkdue;sj ksrka;r mSvdjg m;aj we;s
w;r iqkdñh;a iu`. ëjr m%cdjg úfYAIfhka fjr<dikak ëjr fjrf<ka
bj;a lrk iqkdñh;a iu`.u wd fjr<drCIl l,dm fhdackdj<sfh;a" W!j
fj,a,iai f.dú ckhdf.ka ;u N+ñh Wÿrd .ksñka Wla j.dj fyda flfi,a
yd nv bß`.= j.dj i`oyd ,nd §ug jir 40 lg by; isg Èh;a l< jev
ms<sfj,;a" W;=f¾ yd kef.kysr ck;djf.a bvï w;am;a lr .ksñka cd;sl
wdrCIdj kñka Tjqkaf.ka wysñ lsÍug fukau" cd;sl fN!;sl ie,eiau 2013-
2050 yryd wLKavj ls%hd;aul Bkshd ixj¾Ok jevms<fj,;a ;=<ska rg
mqrdu ck;djf.a iïm;a" wdydr ksIamdolhskaf.a N+ñh Tjqkag wysñ lsÍug;a"
ixpdrl l¾udka;fha m%j¾Okh kñka fyda úfYAI wd¾Ól l,dm kï lrñka
Èh;a lrk bvï fld,a,h;A jeks rg mqrdu Èh;a jk bvï wr.,j,§ cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha wms wLKavju fmkS isáuq' W!j fj,a,iai f.dú
wr.,hg uq,a wjêfha§ wmg odhl ùug fkdyels jqjo tys uE; wjêfha l<
wr., ;=< ck;dj Èkd .;a ch.%yK wms i`oyka lruq'

hqoaOh ;=<ska W;=f¾;a" kef.kysr;a" Bkshd udhsï .ïudk kñka ye`Èkajq

m%foaYj,;a ck;djg w;ajq brKu wms isheiska ÿgqfjuq' ;uka fjfyi
uykais ù" fjrord bÈ l< ksfji fmfkk udkfha Wfoa yji olsñka wj;eka
l`ojqrej, Ôj;a ùug Tng;a" ug;a" w;aú§ug isÿjQjd kï Tn fï iudchg
,nd fok mKsúvh l=ula o@ fufyd;la is;d n,kak' fï yDo idCIsfha
mKsúvh Tn ukig fkd±fkk ;dla Tn;a uu;a is;kafka" —Th ìu" ksji
yuqodjg" wê wdrCIs; l,dmhg .;a;dg ula fjkjd o@˜ kuq;a cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha wms ksrka;rfhka W;aidy lrkafka úm;g m;a
ckhdf.a yDo idCIsh iu`. wkkH ùughs' ta wjia:dfõoS fuu bvï wdmiq
,nd fok f,i b,a,d wj;ekajq úm;g m;a ck;dj iu`. bvï whs;sh b,a,d
Èh;a l< W;=f¾ yd kef.kysr ck;djf.a wr.,j,§ wms o noaO fjñka
ls%hd;aul jQfhuq' hdmkh m%foaYfha" ukakdru § uq,a,sl=,u" m,a,suqfka wßmamq
m%foaYhkayS§ ck;djf.a bvï whs;sh;a" ðïfn%daka k.¾ jeks m%foaYj,§ h<s
mÈxÑ ùfï yd ksjdi i`oyd whs;sh;a" uq,;sõ flamdms,õ m%foaYfha§ ck;djf.a
bvï whs;sh;a" uyje,s t,a l,dmfha § fou< ck;djf.a whs;sh fuka u
j¾;udkfha l=rekaÿ¾uf,a u;=j we;s .egqïldß ;;a;ajhkayS§ tajd iduldój
úi`od .ekSug ueÈy;aùu;a wms wmf.a ls%hdldß;ajh Èh;a lf<uq'

;s%l=Kdu,fha idïmQ¾ ck;dj m%foaYfhka bj;a lr tys ìï w;am;a lr .ksñka

bÈ lsÍug fhdað; ;dm úÿ,s n,d.drhg tfrysj;a" k.r ixj¾Okh
• 51 •
kñka k.r yd lvj;a m%foaYfha ck;dj;a" ixpdrl l¾udka;fhka
ks,dfõ,s" l=Épfõ,s" tßldlkaä l,a,d¾ m%foaYj, ck;djf.a bvï whs;sh
fjkqfjkq;a wms fmkS isáuq' th uvl,mqfõoS mdisl=vd fjr<dikak ck;dj
ixpdrl l¾udka;fhka mSvdjg m;a lsÍug tfrysj ;u whs;sh b,a,Sfï isg
lrÈhkdre" ls;=,a" j,sldlKaä ck;djf.a h<s mÈxÑ ùu i`oyd bvï whs;sh
yd há;, myiqlï Èkd .ekSug l< wr., olajd úysÈks' fuu bvï wr.,h
wïmdr Èia;s%lalfha§ ixpdrl l¾udka;h m%j¾Okhg mdku ck;djf.a bvï
n,y;aldrfhka fld,a,lEug ^fuu lreKq ms<sn`oj wmf.a ueÈy;aùu —mdku
ckhdf.a uy fmdf<dfõ wr.,h˜ kñka fmd;la uqøKh lr ksl=;a lf<uq&
tfrysj" fukau wIafrd*a k.¾ m%foaYfha§ yuqodj ueÈy;aùï ueo ksfjia yd
bvï wysñ jq ck;d wr.,hg wêlrKh bÈßhg hñka kS;suh ls%hdud¾.
.ekSug;a" fmd;=ú,a wdre.ïfí m%foaYfha§ f;dgqm, wysñ ëjrhskaf.a
wr.,hg" §>jdmsfha ck;djf.a bvï whs;sh Èkd .ekSu i`oyd jk wr.,hg
wms o Wr ÿkafkuq'

ol=Kq uqyqÿ ;Srh mqrd ixpdrl l¾udka;h m%j¾Okh i`oyd fjr< ;Srh
fld,a,lEug tfrys n,msáh ck;dj Èh;a l< wr.,h fuka u jhU uqyqÿ
;Srfha§ fjr<dikak ckhd wj;eka lr mSvdjg m;a lrk ixpdrl m%j¾Ok
jevms<sfj,g tfrysj" jhU fudfyd;a;=jdru" WÉÑuqfKa" vÉfí" ¥m;a jdis
ck;djf.a bvï yd /lshd Èkd .ekSug ls%hd lf<uq' wm l< fM;sydisl
ueÈy;aùula f,i ó.uq l,mq igk i`oyka l< yels w;r th wmf.a yjq,aldr
ixúOdkhka jq YS% úuqla;s ëjr ldka;d ixúOdkh;a" ó.uqj taldnoaO l,mq
ëjr ixúOdkh;a tlaj ;j;a ixúOdk /ila Èh;a l< ck;d fm, .eiauls'
fuys iúia;rd;aul wr., ls%hdj,sh ñ.uq l,mq igk kñka isxy," fou<
yd bx.S%is NdId ;s%;ajfhkau iúia;rd;aulj t<solajk ,§'

ixj¾Okh kdufhka ñksidf.a ls%hdldß;ajhg iajNdjO¾uhdf.a ms<s;=r

b;du;a wys;lr f,i ñksidg n,mdk njg ksoiqka f,i fmd,ams;s.u"
brefoKs hdh m%foaYfha w,s ñksia .egqu ±laúh yel' jk i;=kaf.a ksc ìï
ixj¾Okh kñka Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka yd mdßißl ;;a;ajhka ms<sn`ojo
wkjfndaOfhka Èh;a lrk ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,s ;=<ska tajdfha úkao;hska njg
m;a jkafka idudkH ck;dj muKla fkdfõ' jkdka;r isg tys jikd i;d
isõmdjd o fuu úkdYfha úkaÈ;hskaj wdrCId lrñka we;s lrk .egqu wjika
lsÍug foaYmd,lhskag fyda Tjqkag Wmfoia fok ks,OdÍkag fyda jHdmdßlhskag
wjYH;djhla fkdue;'

• 52 •
fujeks .egqïldÍ ;;a;j a hka ;=<k
s a úkaÈ;hska wdrCId lr .ekSug Èh;a l<"
jevms<f
s j, ;=< fmdf<dkakrej" l,yd.," mrdl%u iuqøh wdYs; % ckhd;a"
l=reKE.," fmd,am; s .
s u m%foaYfha ly,a, m,a,lef,a rCIs; wdYs; % ckhd;a"
fudkrd., je,a,jdh" fjfyrhdh" y`omdkd., we;s,j s ej wdYs; % ckhd;a"
uvl,mqj" j,sldlkaä m%foaYh wdYs; % ckhd;a talrdYs lr .ksñka w,s ñksia
.egqug úi`ÿï fidhk ck;djf.a jHdmdrhla f.dvke.Sug wms id¾:l
m%h;akhla ±refjuq' kuq;a j¾;udk ixj¾Ok lsh % dj,s ;=<ks a fuu ck;djg
w;am;a lr fok brKu ;=< fuu lsh % dj,sh h<s;a Yla;us ;a l< hq;= nj bÈß
ld,fha§ fï ms<n
s `oj lsh
% d lsÍug wmf.a ixúOdk cd,h f,i lsh % d;aul fjuq'

ck;djf.a bvï whs;sh i`oyd ixúOdkd;aulj ls%hd;aul ùu…………………..

bvï whs;h s /l .ekSug fyda Èkd .ekSug .;a W;aiyhka yqol,dj Èh;a
lsÍug we;s wmyiq;djh w,s ñksia .egqug tfrys lsh % d;aul ùfï§;a"
hqoOa fhka fyda iqkdñfhka úm;g m;a ck;djf.a bvï wr.,fha§;a" kd.ßl
yd j;=lrfha ck;djf.a bvï N=l; a h
s ms<n
s `oj wr.,fha§ fuka u" ixj¾Ok
lsh
% dj,sfhka úm;g m;a lrk ck;djf.a bvï" /lshd" Ôj;aùu wd§ whs;k S a
Wfoid wr.,fha § wms w;aolsu'q kuq;a fï ish,a,ka tlaj y`v ke.Sfuka
olajk m%;f s rdaOh ;=<ks a isÿ lrk úkdYh uq¿uksku a myj fkd.sh o" wju
lsÍug mshjr .; yels nj wms w;a ÿgqfjuq' tysÈ mYapd;a iqkdñ ixj¾Ok
lsh
% dj,sh ;=< wm yd noaOjq fm%if a nfÜßhka iNdfõ" —nv.skk a g tfrys w;aje,a
ne`o .ksuq jHdmdrh˜ ^Joining Hands Against Hunger& ck;d wNs,dIhka"
úfYAIfhkau N+ñfha yd Ôj;aùfï whs;h s Wfoid taldnoaOj lsh % d lsÍug m%cd
wNs,dI cd,h f.dvke.Sug 2005 jif¾ isg fï olajdu iyh olajhs' ta ;=<k s a
mdku ckhdf.a bvï whs;h s " wYafrd*a k.¾ ckhdf.a bvï whs;h s " idïmQ¾"
l,amá s h ¥m;a" hdmkh wj;eka ckhd" ó.uqj l,mq igk" §>jdmS ckhdf.a
bvï whs;h s " mdislv= d fjr<" j,sldlkaä wj;eka ckhdf.a" fudkrd.," W!j
fj,a,iai f.dú l,dmj, ckhdf.a bvï whs;h s Èkd .ekSu olajd;a" uq,;sõ
ckhdf.a N+ñfha whs;h s Èkd .ekSu olajd ck;djf.a lsh % dldß;ajhg iyh
olajd we;' fuu lsh % dldß;ajfha§ iEu Èia;l %s la hl§u wmf.a .%dóh ck;d
ixúOdkhkag Yla;h s la fjñka yd rdcH u¾okh yd yuqod" fmd,si"a nqoê a
wxY ;¾ck ueo iEu Èia;l %s l
a hlu ixúOdkj, lsh % dldÍka olajk wLKav
ueÈy;aùu fkdjkakg fuu wr.,hka j;auka ch.%yK olajd fufyh ùug
fkdyels jkq we;' ls%hdldßjq ish¨u ixúOdk ls%hdldÍkag wmf.a m%Kduh
fuysÈ mqo lruq'
• 53 •
wdrïNfha§ fuu ls%hdj,sh iïnkaêlrKh l< m%ekaisia rdckaj fuysÈ iqúfYAIs
isysm;a lsÍula l< hq;= w;r l=m%lg y;rjk ;Ügqjg wjia:d .Kkdjl§
f.kajk ,ÿj l< ;¾ck yuqfõ;a l< wLKav ueÈy;aùu wms w.h lruq' bka
wk;=rej iïnkaëlrK lghq;= Èh;a lrk m%shxlr fldia;df.a odhl;ajfhka
fuu ls%hdj,sh ;j;a bÈßhg .uka lsßu w.h lruq'

bvï whs;sh i`oyd ck;d jHdmdrh f.dvke.Su……………………………………

N+ñh" c,h" uyuqyqo" fjr<" l,mqj" jej iy jkdka;rh wdydr

ksIamdokfha ksr; ck;djf.a Ôjk ud¾.hg muKla fkdj mdßißl
;srirNdjh" yd udkjhdf.a yd Ôùkaf.a meje;au i`oyd w;HdjYH idOlhls'
ixj¾Okfha kñka fuu iïm;a Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka udkjhdf.a Ôjk uÜgu
by< ;,hlg f.k tau isÿ l< hq;= jqjo tu`.ska ish¨u Ôùkaf.a Ôú;j,g
wys;lr n,mEï yd mdßißl úkdYhg fya;= jkafka kï thska È.= ld,Skj
we;s lrk úkdYldß;ajh u; ±kqj;aj ;srir ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,Skag fhduq
úh hq;=h' mYapd;a iqkdñ yd mYapd;a hqO iufha rg ;=< Èh;a l< ixj¾Ok
ls%hdj,sh rgg fld;rï fhda.H tajdo hkak úuid ne,Sfuka fuh wmg f;areï
.; yelsh'

hqoO
a h yudr ùug;a fmr" hqoO
a h ksid úm;g m;a ck;djf.a" ixj¾Ok lsh % dj,s
;=<ks a úm;g m;a jk ck;djf.ka" i;d isõmdjqka we;=¿ Ôùkaf.a Ôj;aùfï
whs;h s mokï lr .ksñka wdydr ksIma dokh i`oyd ksr; jk ck;dj yd Tjqkf a .a
ixúOdk tla fjñka 2008 jif¾§ ck;djf.a bvï whs;h s i`oyd jk ixOdkh
^PARL& f.dvke.Sug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrh uQ,ls ;ajh .kakd ,§'

2008 jif¾ jeks hqoaOfha WÉp;u ld,hl W;=re kef.kysr ck;djf.a

bvï whs;sh ms<sn`oj wm úiska Èh;a l< fufyhqu ;SrKd;aul jq w;r
tu`.ska cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg bvï whs;sh ms<sn`o lafIa;%h
;=< ;snq ms<s.ekSu ksid ^W;=f¾ ckhd w;r úfYAIfhka& fuys wdrïNl
fufyhùu wmg mejßK' fufyhqï uKav,h ks;r ;Skaÿ ;SrK .;a; o" tys
iïnkaëlrK uOHia:dkh f,i cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ,smskh
Ndú; lsÍug wdrïNl /iaùfïoSu ;SrKh lrk ,§' lDIsl¾u lafIa;%fha"
j;=lrfha" ldka;djka we;=¿j W;=re" kef.kysr m%foaYhkays ck;djf.a bvï
whs;sh ms<sn`oj wdrïN l< jHdmdrh ;j ;j;a Yla;su;a fjñka bÈßhg
.uka lrk

• 54 •
w;r th wmf.a ch.%yKhla f,i igyka lruq' ck;d bvï wr.,hg
wmf.a Yla;sfhka odhl;ajh ±laùug wo olajdu wLKavju ls%hd;aul lsÍu
úúO whqßka w¾:l:kh lrk ,§' fuh ;yjqre lrk ksÍCIKhla f,i fuu
lafIa;%fha m%ùK ls%hdOrfhl= hqO iuh ;=< isgu wj;eka ckhdf.a bvï
whs;sh fjkqfjka wr.,hg wm l< fmkS isàug yd Èh;a l< wr.,j,g
m%;spdr olajñka i`oyka lf<a —fï jf.a ld,hl wms wr.,j,g hdu fhda.H
keye' wms l< hq;af;a isÿ jk foa .ek Ndjkd lsÍuhs˜ ^We need to retreat
at this troubled time. Not to engage the struggle unnecessarily& kuq;a wms
wfma m%h;akhka w;a fkdyer bÈßhgu f.k .sh w;r m%cd wNs,dI cd,h
;=<ska cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh úiska N+ñfha Èh;a lrk bvï wr.,
o" bvï whs;sh i`oyd ck;d ixOdkfha ls%hdldß;ajhla f,i bÈßm;a lf<uq'
miqj W;=r" kef.kysr" W!j" jhU iy niakdysr wd§ m<d;a wdYs%; m<d;a
bvï whs;sh i`oyd jk ixOdkhka f.dvke.Su olajd th jHdma;j ls%hd;aul
jk w;r wmf.a ls%hdldÍka tajdfha m%Odk ld¾hNdrhla bgq lr;s' W;=f¾
ls%hdldß;ajh fufyhùu hdmkfha bkanï úiska o" kef.kysr fufyùu
l,kao¾ bi§ka yryd o" jhU ls%hdldß;ajh l=reKE., ixÔj iïm;a o"
niakdysr ls%hdldß;ajh Y%udNsudks flakaøfha iq.;a yd ó.uqfõ iqnd úiska o
ls%hd;aul lsÍu yryd wmf.a N+ñfha bvï wr.,hg olajk odhl;ajh yd tys
;SrKd;aul ld¾hNdrhla bgq lsÍug we;s ms<s.ekSu ikd: l< yelsh' tfiau
2018$2019 jirj,§ bvï whs;sh i`oyd ck;d ikaOdkh Èh;a l< uyck
bvï fldñifï§ N+ñfha l< fufyhqïj,ska m%Odk fldgila wmf.a ls%hdldß
m%foaY yryd Èh;a l< w;r uyck fldñifï flduidßiajrfhl= f,i m%cd
wNs,dI cd,fha iïnkaêldrl ms%hxlr fldia;d o m%Odk ld¾hNdrhla bgq
lrk ,§' j¾;udkfha§ fuu ls%hdj,sh kS;sh yd iudcNdrh u`.ska Èh;a lrk
w;r cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha bvï i`oyd ls%hd;aul ish¨u

ixúOdk tys ueÈy;aùu;a" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh f,i wm tys

fufyhqï lñgqj ;=< ls%hd;aul ùu;a wLKavj isÿ lruq'

;reK jHdmdrh f.dvke.Su…………………………………

;reKhska ;u igkaldó;ajh ;=< ksrka;rfhkau iudc fjkila i`oyd fmruqK

.kakd msßils' fidaúhÜ reishdfõ Tlaf;dan¾ úma,jfha kshuqjdjq ù'whs' f,kska
—YsIHhska igfka .sks is¿j˜ f,i i`oyka lf<a fuu ;reK cjh mokï lr
.ksñka úh hq;=h' ;reKhska ;=< we;s ;reK cjh" ks¾udKYs,S;ajh

• 55 •
u; mokï jq igkaldó;ajh yd w¥Is; yoj;la yd uki iudc hym; i`oyd
fhdod .ekSfuka fjkila ;=<ska hym;a iudchla wfmaCId l< yelsh' ;reK
jHdmdrh f.dvke.Su i`oyd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh mokï lr
.;af;a fuu wruqKhs' kuq;a miq.sh oYl my ;=< ;reK ke.sàï yryd YS%
,xld iudch uqyqK ÿka fõokdldß w;a±lSï ksid cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh ;=<skau fuu wruqK ch .ekSu i`oyd ;reKhskaf.a ueÈy;aùug
m%;sfrdaOhla wdrïNfha§u t,a, úh' tys m%Odk ;¾lh jQfha 1971" 1983" 1989"
2006$9 ld,h ;=< YS% ,xld iudch isÿ l< ;reK Ôú; ixydrh wm úiska
h<s;a lr,shg f.k taula f,isks' kuq;a jir 1992 isgu ;reK ls%hdldß;ajfha
moku f,i iajNdjO¾uhd iu`. ;reK ls%hdldß;ajh taldnoaO lsÍug mshjr
.;a wms 1993 §" wïn,kaf.dv § iúia;s% jHdmdrh ^tjlg fifvla ldka;d
wxYh& iu`. tlaj mdßißl Ñ;% ;r`.dj,shla yd m%o¾Ykhla iu`. ;reK
jHdmdrfha ÈYdk;sh ;SrKh lr ;sìKs'

ta wkqj ;reK jHdmdrh i`oyd uQ,sl moku f,i mßir flakaøSh jevigyka
Èh;a lsÍug .;a ;SrKh ;=< mßirh yd hym;a iudchla i`oyd ;reK
jHdmdrh f.dvke.Sug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh mshjr .kakd ,§'

YS% ,xld iudch uqyqK § we;s iudc" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k yd mdßißl w¾nqoh
ch .ekSug j;auka jeäysá mrmqrg úi`ÿï ls%hdud¾. fkdue;s wjia:djl§
oYl myla ;siafia w;ayod neÆ" wid¾:ljq kj ,snr,a wd¾Ól ls%hdj,Skau
;jÿrg;a Èh;a lsÍfï we;s M,odhsl fkdjk nj fmkajd §ug ;reKhska
Èh;a l< wr.,h jeo.;a jq w;r ta ;=<ska wfmaCId l< fjki hym;a iudc
mßKduhla i|yd úh' cd;s" wd.ï fNaofhka fjfyi ù úm;g m;aj isák
iudchg" ¥IKh yd iQrd lEfuka f;dr wd¾Ól ls%hdj,shla ;=<ska yd mdßißl
hqla;sh yd ;srir ixj¾Okhla ms<sn`oj n,dfmdfrd;a;= o,ajkakla njg
;reK wr.,h m;a úh' fuu ixjdoh mßirh yd hym;a iudchla i`oyd
;reK jHdmdrh ;=< wdrïN lr ;snQ w;r ;reK jHdmdrfha ls%hdldÍka fï
ms<sn`oj hï wjfndaOhlska hq;=j ls%hd;aul úh' kuq;a wms wfmaCId lrk iudc
wjfndaOfhka hq;a ;reK mrmqrla wmf.a 2000 lg wdikak ;reK idudðlhska
ixLHdj w;r isákafka o hkak wms ;lafiarejg ,la l< hq;= fjuq' úfYAIfhkau
iduh yd ixys`Èhdj" wd.ñl wka;jdohg tfrysj yd ckjd¾.sl iqyo;djh
Wfoid ls%hdldß;ajhka wms osh;a lf<uq' ixl%dka;sl hqla;sh ms<sn`oj o wmf.a
;reKhska w;r Èh;a l< m%h;akhka ;=<ska wjfndaOh" wkHfHdakH úYajdih"
tlsfkldf.a wd.ug" cd;shg" úYajdihkag .re lsÍug
• 56 •
;reKhskaf.a keUqrej j¾Okh lf<uq' tfukau" cd;sh" wd.u fNaohla
lr fkdf.k ifydaor;ajh ;=< ls%hd;aul ùug yels ie,lsh hq;= ;reK
msßila ;reK jHdmdrh ;=<ska f.dvke.S ;sîu" wkd.; YS% ,xldj hym;a
foaYhla njg m;a lsÍug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh f,i wms ,nd ÿka
odhl;ajhla f,i i`oyka l< yelsh'

tfiau mßir hqla;sh Wfoid ;reKhskag mßirh ú`§ug" ta ms<sn`oj wjfndaOh

,nd .ekSug mdßißl ixrCIK ls%hdj,s i`oyd odhl ùug yd ixj¾Okh
yd wdydr ksIamdokh j¾Okh kñka kS, wd¾Ólh ;=< uy uqyqog;a" yß;
úma,jh ;=< uy fmdf<djg;a w;am;a lr § we;s wjikdjka; brKu
ms<sn`oj;a ;reKhska w;r wjfndaOh ,nd §u i`oyd jev ms<sfj,la Èh;a
lrñka isáuq' ;reKhska w;r Wkkaÿj yd lemùu j¾Okh i`oyd ;reK
jHdmdrfha uy iNdjg iu.dój l=reKE., fod¿lkao" isxyrdch f,dal
Wreu jkdka;rh" .d,a, udÿ .`." ymq;f,a rCIs;h we;=¿ ;j;a fndfyda
mßir moaO;s wOHhkh i`oyd ;reKhska fhduq lrjk ,§' fuu ;reK
msßig mßirh iu`. Ôj;aùu ms<sn`oj mq¿,a wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug fuu
ls%hdj,sh ;=<ska yelsj we;' tfukau" mdßißl ls%hdldß;ajh Yla;su;aj Èh;a
lsÍug fhda.H úúO udOH Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka ^ùäfhda" .S;" Ñ;%" ks¾udK"
rpkd& ueÈy;ajq nj o igyka lruq'

mdßißl ixrCIKh i`oyd Èh;a l< li< l<ukdlrKh lsh % dj,sh id¾:lj
bÈßhg .uka l< jev ms<f s j,la jq w;r wo th ma,diaála u`.k s a isÿ lrk id.r
yd c,c moaO;sj, ¥IKh j,lk lsh % d;aul lruq' XPress Perl
% dj,shla f,i lsh
fk!ldj u`.k s a isÿ l< Plastic nurdles id.r mßirhg tla lsÍu ;=<k s a isÿ jq
úkdYhg tfrysj wm úiska Èh;a lrñka isá jev ms<f s j,lg ndysr fm!oa.,sl
iud.ï lsyms hla o jHdmdßl uÜgñka iyNd.s jk w;r" Sustainable Social jeks
wdh;k yryd fuu lsh % dldß;ajh cd;Hka;r ;,fha ixjdohlg o fhduq lr
we;' fuu lsh
% dj,sh ;j;a fõ.j;aj Èh;a lsÍfï lghq;; a ie,iqï lrñka isáuq'

;reK jHdmdrfha ÈYdk;sh ;SrKh lsÍu ;reK jHdmdrfha idudðlhska w;g

m;a lsÍug;a jHdmdrh ;srirj mj;ajd .ekSfï jevigyka ks¾Kh lsÍu
ls%hdldÍkaf.au wjYH;djh u; wmf.a u`.fmkaùfuka Èh;a lf<uq' fuhg
fya;= jq jeo.;au lreK jQfha iqkdñfhka wk;=rej hï ld,iSudjla ;reK
mdßißl jev ms<sfj,la Èh;a jq kuq;a" wk;=rej yg.;a uQ,H w¾nqo ksid
;reK jevigyka wvmk ù ia:dk lsysmhlg muKla iSud ùu fya;=fjks'

• 57 •
mßir ixrCIK ls%hdldß;ajh ;=<ska ;reK jHdmdrh w;am;a lr.;a ch.%yK
.Kkdjls' úúO jevigyka yryd 2021 jir jk úg mßir ixrCIKh
wruqKska me< 25000 lg wêl ixLHdjla Èia;s%lal 15 l isgqùug;a" mjqf,a
wdydr iqrCIs;;djh i`oyd jk f.j;= j.d jevigyka 5000 lg wdikak
ixLHdjla 2019-2021 hk ld, iSudj ;=< Èh;a lsÍu;a" ;reK jHdmdrfha
ueÈy;a ùfuka isÿ lrk ,§' fï i`oyd jk u;jd§uh miqìu cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ;reK jevigyk yryd ,laisß m%kdkaÿf.a ueÈy;a
ùfuka isÿ lrk ,§' r;a.u l,mq ixrCIK yd l<ukdlrK jev ms<sfj,la
Èh;a lsÍug odhl;ajh ,nd §u;a" ta ms<sn`oj fmd;la uqøKh lr" ol=fKa ëjr
ixúOdkh u`.ska ksl=;a lsÍug;a fuys ;reKhskaf.a ch.%yK f,i igyka
l< hq;=h' tfiau fmd,ams;s.u m%cd iyfhda.s;d ixiofha ;reK msßi tlaj
ul=,afmd; m%foaYfha jk ixrCIs;hla f.dvke.Sug yels ùu;a wNsudkfhka
hq;=j i`oyka lruq'

ymq;f,a m%ldYkh 2018 jif¾ ;reK jHdmdrfha uy iNdj úiska iïu; l<
w;r tu`.ska ;reK jHdmdrfha bÈß ±lau bÈßm;a lrk ,§' tneúka mßirh
yd hym;a iudc fjkila i`oyd ;reK jHdmdrh hkq u;jd§uh mokula u;
Yla;su;a fjñka m%dfhda.sl ls%hdldrlï y`ÿkd .ksñka ls%hd;aul jk bÈßhg
.uka .kakd jevms<fj,la nj i`oyka lruq'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ldka;d jevms<sfj,……………………………

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ldka;d jevms<sfj, wdrïNfha isgu

Yla;su;a mokula u; ls%hd;aul jq jevms<sfj,ls' 1992 jif¾ wdrïNl
wjêfha§ mqreI flakaøShj Èh;a jq ixjdoh bka wk;=rej ia;S%ka iu`. Èh;a
lrk ls%hdj,shla njg m;a úh' úfYAIfhka ud;r" .d,a, m%foaYj, 1993
jif¾ isgu iúia;s% ^tjlg SEDEC ldka;d wxYh& iu`. tlaj Èh;a l<
m%h;akh bka wk;=rej mq;a;,u Èia;s%lalfha fjr<dikak .ïudk yd l,amsáh
¥m;a wdYs%;j o ldka;djka n, .ekaùu i`oyd fhduq jQy'

jir 2000 jk úg ó.uqj" fírej," l,amsáh" f;dvqjdj nyqÈk hd;%d

ld¾ólhskaf.a mjq,a uqyqK ÿka wNsfhda.hkag jvd;a ks¾udKYS,Sj uqyqK §ug
ó.uqfõ ldka;djka Èh;a l< jevms<sfjf,a m%;sM,h jQfha fudßka m%kdkaÿf.a
kdhl;ajfhka YS% úuqla;s ëjr ldka;d ixúOdkh ìys lsÍug yels ùuhs'
oyila lreKq ueo hqoaOh yd iqkdñh YS% ,xld iudchg bÈßm;a l< tla

• 58 •
wNsfhda.hla jQfha ëjr mjq,aj, wdodhï ud¾.h imhd fokakka wysñ lsÍu
fyda w;=reoyka lr ùuhs' tu`.k
s a úm;g m;a mjq,a yd orejka ish oyia .Kkdjls'
úfYAIfhka W;=re m<d; yd kef.kysr m<df;a ldka;djka fuu`.k s a wirK ùu
wo olajdu w;a ú`osuq' kuq;a Tjqka o ;ukag t,a, jq wNsfhda.hg id¾:lj
uqyqK §ug .;a W;aiyh jQfha W;=r;a" kef.kysr;a" osia;s%lal uÜgñka yd
m<d;a f,i;a taldnoaOj ldka;d ixúOdk f.dvke.Sug odhl ùuhs' tysÈ"

hdmkh - mQka;,S¾ ldka;d ixúOdkh

ukakdru - j,¾msfrhs ldka;d ixúOdkh

ls,sfkdÉÑh - wßïnq ldka;d ixúOdkh

uq,;sõ - f;kav%,a ldka;d ixúOdkh

f,i .%dóh ldka;d ixúOdk tlaj W;=re m<df;a Èia;s%la ixúOdk ls%hd;aul
jk w;r" Èia;s%la ixúOdk tlaj W;=re m<d;a ldka;d ixúOdkh f.dvk.d
we;' fï i`oyd ukakdru" hdmkh" uq,;sõ" ls,sfkdÉÑ Èia;s%la iyfhda.s;d
ixúOdkj, iyh m%YxikSh'

tfiau kef.kysr m<df;a o tjeks Èia;s%la ixúOdk yd kef.kysr m<d;a

ldka;d ixúOdkh f,i ixúOdk .; ù we;'

;s%l=Kdu,h - Wohï ldka;d ixúOdkh

uvl,mqj - ureu,¾ÉÑ ldka;d ixúOdkh

wïmdr - ls,lal= iQßhka ldka;d ixúOdkh

by; ixúOdk tlaj kef.kysr m<d;a ldka;d ixúOdkh f.dvk.d we;'

fï i`oyd m%foaYj, ls%hd;aul ish¨u ixúOdkj, iyh fuu jevms<sfj,
f.dvke.Sug buy;a Yla;shla imhhs' wïmdr" uvl,mqj iy ;s%l=Kdu,h
ixúOdkj, wLKav iyh fuysÈ isysm;a lruq' ud;r Èia;s%la ixúOdk
taldnoaO lrñka Èh;a lsÍug wm m%h;ak oruq' flfia jqj;a cd;sl ëjr
ldka;d iïfï,kh f.dvke.Su i`oyd fuu ish¨u .%dóh" Èia;s%la yd m<d;a
ixúOdk taldnoaO lrñka isÿ lrk m%h;akhka ;=< 6000 lg wêl ldka;d
idudðl;ajhla f.dvke.Sug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg yelsj we;'

• 59 •
úfYAIfhkau" fmdf<dkakrej ñßÈh ixúOdkh" l=reKE., m%cd Yla;s
ixúOdkh" mq;a;,ï Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;dj ixúOdkh o" YS% úuqla;s ëjr
ldka;d ixúOdkh o cd;sl ëjr ldka;d iïfï,k ls%hdldß;ajfha§ olajk
odhl;ajh isysm;a l< hq;=h'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda. s; d jHdmdrh ldka ; d jevms < s f j, hq oa Ofhka úm;g

m;a" wj;eka yd .DyuQ, sl ldka; djka iu`. Èh;a lrk jev ms<sfj,
W;=re kef.kysr wdYs%;j f.dvke.S we;s w;r tu`.ska b;du;a wdka;sl yd
wvq wdodhï ,dNs ldka;djka w;r wd¾Ól Yla;sh;a" iudcfhka fldkalr
wjOdkhg fhduq fkdjqk ldka;djka idudÔhj n,.ekaùug;a b,lal lr
.ksñka Èh;a lruq'

tysÈ .%dóh uÜgfuka úi`od .; hq;= lreKq ldka;djka tla ù ls%hd;aul ùfuka
úi`od .ekSug;a tfia fkdjk lreKq i`oyd osia;s%la ixúOdkhla f,i fyda
cd;sl iïfï,kh f,i ueÈy;a ùu isÿ lruq' ldka;djkaf.a wd¾Ól Yla;sh
f.dvke.Sug wdodhï W;amdokh i`oyd wjYH iyh ,nd §u ;=<ska .DyuQ,sl
ldka;d mjq,a fuka u wfkl=;a mjq,aj, ldka;djka w;r;a wd¾Ól Yla;sh
f.dvke.Su wmf.a m%Odku b,lalhls' kuq;a fuysÈ ldka;djkaf.a uQ,Huh
odhl;ajh" ;dCIKsl ±kqu" fj<`ofmd," ksIamdokj, .=Kd;aulNdjh
j¾Okh fuka u b;sß lsÍï i`oyd ldka;djka fhduq lsÍu o" tu`.ska fuu
ls%hdldrlï ;srirj mj;ajd .ekSug ilS%h wruqo,la f.dvk.d ldka;djka
w;rg tajdfha md,kh yd l<ukdlrKhg fhduq lsÍfuka o n, .ekaùu
wmf.a Wmdh ud¾.hka w;r fõ'

kuq;a wd¾Ól Yla;sh f.dvke.Sug .kakd mshjrhkag;a jvd jeä fõ.hlska

ldka;djka foaYmd,kslj n, .ekaùfï ls%hdldß;ajhg wms m%uqL;djh ,nd
§ we;' úfYAIfhkau" wj;ekajq ldka;djkaf.a bvï whs;sh" w;=reoykajq
ldka;djkaf.a mjq,aj, b,a,Sï" h<s mÈxÑ lsÍu i`oyd wjYH myiqlï c,h"
ksjdi" úÿ,sh" fi!LH" m%jdykh fuka u ±rejkaf.a wOHdmk myiqlï yd
wdrCIdj i`oyd jk rcfha wjOdkh fhduq lrùug o ls%hd;aul fjuq' kuq;a
ixpdrl l¾udka;fhka fyda Bkshd ixj¾Ok jevms<sfj,j,a ksid úm;g m;a
jk ldka;djkaf.a yd m%cdfõu whs;sh b,a,d ls%hd;aul ùug wms wLKavju
ls%hd;aul fjuq' úfYAIfhkau cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh yqol,dj
Èh;a l< ld¾hhla fkdj" ta ta m%foaYj, we;s wm iu`. ls%hd;aul ùug fmdÿ
wruqKq ;=< ls%hd;aul msßia iu`. tla ù lghq;= lruq' fï i`oyd cd;sl

• 60 •
;,fha ldka;d ixúOdk iu`. tlaj úúO wjia:dj,§;a" úfYAIfhkau
ldka;d Èk ieureu we;=¿j" cd;Hka;r ;,fha m%;sm;a;suh ueÈy;aùï
i`oyd CEDAW ls%hdldß;ajh i`oyd cd;sl isú,a ixúOdk tl;=j f,i" th
fufyhùï ixúOdkh f,i" kdhl;ajh f.k ls%hd lruq' tu`.ska FIAN –
INTERNATIONAL, APWLD, SAAPE, ESCR-NET , PANAP, ALTERNATIVES,
OTP jeks f.da,Sh ixúOdk iu`. o ksrka;rfhkau tlafjñka cd;Hka;r
wjOdkh Èkd .ekSug yd wkfHdakH Yla;sh f.dvk.ñka ls%hd;aul fjuq'

CEDAW – Sri Lanka CSO Collective ls%hdj,sh ;=< ëjr lafIa;%fha ldka;djka
muKla fkdj" f.dú" lïlre" j;= lïlre" ,sx.sl Y%ñl" .DydYs%; ldka;d
fiajh" wj;eka ldka;d" w;=reoyka l< msßia we;s mjq,aj, ldka;djka"
bvï yd ksjdi wysñ ldka;djka wd§ úúO mSä; yd úkaÈ; ck msßia iu`.
ls%hdldß ixúOdk" ldka;d ixúOdk iu`. taldnoaO jir 2018 yd 2022 jd¾;d
ieliSug wms myiqlï iemhSfï uOHia:dkh f,i ls%hd lf<uq' tu`.ska ldka;d
jevms<sfj, ;=< wms cd;sl ;,fha ls%hd;aul .%dóh ckhd mokï lr.;a
Yla;su;a ixúOdkhla f,i ;yjqre ù we;af;uq' fï yryd ldka;djkag
iDcqj yd iudchg ms<s,hlaj we;s u;aøjH Wjÿr ms<sn`oj iduQysl m%h;ak
;=<ska úi`ÿï ,nd .ekSug rdcH wdh;k fhduq lsÍu iu`. wmf.a fufyhqï
Èh;a lrk ,§' ldka;djkaf.a y`v kekaùu i`oyd;a" Tjqkaf.a whs;sh Wfoid;a
ia;S% mqreI fomd¾Yjhu tldnoaOj yd wfkfHdakH wjfndaOfhka ls%hd lsÍfï
jeo.;alu u; ia;S% mqreI iu idOdrK;ajh Wfoid ls%hd;aul ùu fuu
lsh
% dj,sfha moku fõ' tfiau cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrfha uQ,l
s ms<.
s ekSï
yd m%;sm;a;suh tl`.;d ;=< ia;S%ka o mqreIhka yd iudkj ish¨u ;SrK .kakd
ia:dk ksfhdackh lsÍug iu wjia:d Èkd .ekSug;a" th Ndú;fhka ls%hd;aul
lsÍug;a wms fhduq ù we;' ta wkqj W;=re kef.kysr ëjr ck;djf.a tl;=j
;=< ëjr ldka;d ksfhdackh idCId;a lsÍug m%dfoAYSh ;,fha§;a" ëjr
jD;a;Sh ix.uh ;=< ldka;djkaf.a ksfhdackh kdhl;ajh iy;sl lsÍug;a
m%dfhda.slj wms mshjr f.k we;' tfiau" Èia;s%la ixúOdk f.dvke.SfïoS
ia;S% mqreI iudk ksfhdackhla ,nd .ekSug o" tys§;a kdhl;aj ;,hkays
iyNd.s;ajh o wms ;yjqre lr we;af;uq' úúO wjia:dj, m%dfhda.sl
ls%hdldrlï ueo fuh ÿIalr;djhkag uqyqK § we;' kuq;a ldka;djkaf.a
kdhl;ajh f.dvke.sfï wruqKska iqúfYAIs wjOdkh fhduq lrñka Èh;a l<
ldka;d kdhl;aj mqyqKq ls%hdj,sh fuhg jeo.;a odhl;ajhla ,nd fok ,§'

• 61 •
fuu`.ska rg mqrd wmf.a ixúOdk yryd 500 lg wdikak ldka;d msßila
kdhl;ajh i`oyd f.dvke.Sug wms odhl jQfhuq' tfiau W;=f¾ fjr<dikak
ëjr m%foaY wdYs;
% ëjr ldka;djka uqyK
q fok wdrCIdj" Ôjk ud¾. yd h<s
mÈxÑ ùu .eg¨ b,lal lr .ksñka" ldka;d kdhsldjka 100 la f.dvke.Sug
mshjr .kq ,nqfjuq' fuh wdishdkq l,dmSh ldka;d ixúOdk tlaj iduh
i`oyd jk cd;Hka;r m%h;akhla f,i wms Èh;a lruq'

fuu ish¨u ls%hdldßldß;ajhkays moku f,i ldka;djkaf.a ienE Ôjk

f;dr;=re fhdod .kakd w;r ta i`oyd wjYH f;dr;=re" lreKq o;a; f.dkq
lsÍu i`oyd wLKavju wOHhk Èh;a lf<uq' úfYAIfhkau" 2019-2022 ld,
iSudj ;=< muKla wOHhk ;=kla Èh;a lr" ldka;djkaf.a wd¾Ól Yla;sh
f.dvke.Su" wdrCIdj" h<s mÈxÑh yd Ôjk ud¾. iïmdokh i`oyd f;dr;=re
m¾fhaIK m;s%ld ksl=;a lr wjfndaOh j¾Okh lr we;af;uq' tneúka
wms ksrka;rfhkau o;a; yd lreKq u; mokïj WoafoaYk yd m%dfhda.sl
ls%hdldrlï f.dvk.uq'

fuu ls%hdj,sh ;=< i`oyka l< hq;= fuu .ufka jeo.;a ixêia:dkhla ;j
fndfyda we;;a" tajd ldka;djka f.dv.ekSfï ls%hdldß;ajh ;=<ska h<s;a
i`oyka jk neúka yd fuu ,smsfha úYd,;ajh i,ld fu;ekska yudr
lruq' kuq;a ls%hdj,sh wo olajd f.dvke.Sug odhl jq msßi wu;l lsÍug
fkdyelshs' wdrïNl wjêfha úlagßka meúÈ fidfydhqßhf.a isg wk;=rej
.S;d ,lañKs" frdaiafïß" fudfyduâ ßIañhd o j¾;udkfha§ ,ùkd yika;s;a
;uka Ndr .;a ldka;d lafIa;%fha ld¾hNdrh j.lSfuka yd Yla;su;aj ±ä
lemùfukq;a ls%hd;aul lr m%n, ldka;d y`vla f.dvke.Sug odhl jq nj
ia;+;s mQ¾jlj igyka l< hq;=h' tfukau .%dóh uÜgfï isg Èia;s%la yd m<d;a
uÜgu olajd ldka;djka ixúOdkh lrñka ldka;djka n, .ekaùu i`oyd
odhl jk ish¨u ldka;d ls%hdldÍka yd mqreIhskaf.a odhl;ajh o fuysÈ
buy;a lD;{;djfhka hq;=j i`oyka lruq' tfukau" ish¨ ndOl" ;¾ck
fuka u fm!oa.,sl ÿIalr;d o ord .ksñka .%dóh ixúOdk" Èia;s%la ixúOdk
yd cd;sl ldka;d iïfï,kfha iafjÉPdfjka u lemjk ldka;d ls%hdldÍkag
wmf.a m%Kduh igyka lruq' tla w;lska mjq, ;=<skau kef.k m%;sfrdaOhka o
ord .ksñka" iudcfhka t,a, jk wNsfhda. yd ;¾ck ueo wLKavju ldka;d
jHdmdrhg kdhl;ajh §ug ls%hdldÍj .kakd m%h;ak wms f.!rjfhka isysm;a
lruq' Yla;sfhka yd ±kqj;aj bÈßhgu .uka lsÍug wms ;jÿrg;a myiqlï
imhuq'
• 62 •
cd;sl" cd;Hka;r iudc jHdmdr f.dvke.Sug yd tajdfha ls%hdldß;ajhg
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ueÈy;aùu

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh wNsfhda. ueo f.dvke.=kq kj iudc

jHdmdrhla fjñka wdrïNfha isgu ck;dj talrdYs lsÍfï jevms<sfj,lg
odhl;ajh ±lajQfhuq' úl,am ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shla i`oyd jk ck;d ixioh
^Peoples forum for Development Altertative - PEFDA& f,i f.dkq ù f.dú"
ëjr" j;= lïlre yd ldka;d lafIa;%h taldnoaOj osh;a lsÍug .;a W;aiyh
mßmd,khuj Èh;a lsÍug fkdyels jqjo ck;d wr.,j,§ noaOj ls%hd
lf<uq' 1997 j¾Ifha§ cd;sl SEDEC wdh;kfhka iajdëkj meñKSu;a iu`.u
,o wdrdOkfhka f,dal ëjr ck;d iïfï,kh f.dvke.Sfï wdrïNl
idudðlhska ùu;a wk;=rej tysu uy f,alï ;k;=r orñka jir 10 l
fiajhla ,nd §ug yels ùu yd ta ;=<ska ,nd .;a mkakrh ;=<ska l,dmSh yd
cd;Hka;r ;,fha ixúOdk iu`. ls%hd;aul ùug o cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrhg yels úh'

YS% ,xldj ;=< mej;s ixúOdkd;aul ëjr ls%hdldß;ajh ëjr iuQmdldr

jHdmdrh yd noaOj mej;s w;r ck;djf.a m%Yak i`oyd ueÈy;a jk
foaYmd,ksl jHdmdrhla ms<sn`oj fuu jevms<sfj, ;=< wjOdkhla fkdue;s
neúka" .%dóh ëjr ck;d m%Yak i`oyd;a cd;sl ;,fha ueÈy;aùï i`oyd;a
ëjr jHdmdrhl wjYH;djh u; m%cd uQ,sl ëjr ixúOdk f.dvke.Sug .;a
m%h;akhla wo u,aM, ord we;' cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh wkqnoaê;
ls%hd;aul jk ish¨u Èia;s%la ixúOdk fmdÿ wruqKkska hq;=j w¾O iajdëk
ixúOdk f,i ls%hd;aul fõ' fuu ixúOdk cd,h ;srir ëjr m%;sm;a;shla
ia:dms; lsÍu ;=<ska wdydr iaffjÍ;ajh idlaId;a lr .ekSug Yla;su;a ëjr
ck;djf.a iudc jHdmdrhla f.dvke.Sug b,lal lr .ksñka ls%hd;aul fõ'

tfiau úúO wr., yryd ck;djf.a ixúOdk .; ùu Èß .ekaùu wmf.a

m%h;akh jk w;r W;=f¾ ck;dj uqyK q fok bka§h fg%d, a k
s a w¾nqoh uq,a lr
.ksñka" Tjqkf a .a ;srir iïm;a Ndú;fha .eg¨j" bvï wr.,h" .DyuQ,l s
ldka;d wr.,hkag m%;p s dr ±laùu;a b,lal lr .ksñka W;=re m<d;a ëjr
ck;djf.a tluq;j = o iajdëk f.dvke.Sug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrh
myiqlï iemhQ ixúOdkhls' fuu lsh % dldß;ajh ;=<ks a W;=re m<d;a ëjr iïm;a
l<ukdlrKh i`oyd;a" iy-l<ukdlrK lsh % dldß;ajhla Èh;a lsÍu i`oyd;a
mshjr f.k we;s kuq;a rdcH ks,OdÍka" yuqod ks,OdÍka we;=¿ rdcH ;dka;l %s
lsh
% dldÍkaf.a odhl;ajh wju ùfuka fuu lghq;= ;rula wvmk ù we;'
• 63 •
ëjr m%cdj" ldka;djka" udOHh" isú,a yd foaYmd,k n,OdÍka fuka u
úYajúoHd, W.;=ka yd wd.ñl ls%hdldÍka o fuu ls%hdj,shg odhl ùfï
m%h;akh w;a fkdyer isàu jeo.;a lreKls'

tfiau W;=re m<df;a kef.kysr m<df;a ldka;d ixúOdk f.dvke.Su i`oyd

wm .;a m%h;ak wLKavju bÈßhg .uka lsÍu" jHdmdrfha id¾:l;ajhg
ksoiqkls' úfYAIfhkau mSä;Ndjh yd u¾ok ls%hdldß;ajhla ksid mSvdjg;a"
NS;shg;a" hqoaOfhka fjfyig;a m;aj isá ldka;dj ;ukaf.a fomhska ke`.S
isàu i`oyd ixúOdkh ùug myiqlï imhk ixúOdkhla f,i ls%hd;aul
ùug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg yels jq w;r ta ;=<ska cd;sl ldka;d
iïfï,kh Yla;su;a ck mokula u; f.dvke.Sug;a wmg yels úh' fuu
ls%hdj,shg ;j;a Yla;shla fjñka W;=re m<d;a ldka;d y`v ixúOdkh o
iajdëk ldka;d jev ms<sfj,la f,i f.dvk.d ls%hd;aul fjuq'

bvï whs;sh ms<sn`oj ls%hd;aul jHQyhka ms<sn`oj óg by;§ i`oyka lr we;s

w;r" tajd yd noaO ù ls%hd;aul ùug yels ck;djf.a kdhl;ajfhka hq;=
ixúOdk .Kkdjla ìys lr,Sug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg yels
úh' ó.uqj l,mq iq/lSfï ixúOdkh" mdku m;a;=j iq/lSfï ixúOdkh"
l,amsáh ¥m;a jdiS ck;d whs;Ska iq/lSfï ixúOdkh" lmam,awäh ëjr
whs;Ska iq/lSfï ixúOdkh" idïmQ¾ ck;d whs;Ska iq/lSfï ixúOdkh" r;a.ï
l,mqj iq/lSfï ixúOdkh" brefoKshdh Wia ìï ixj¾Ok jHdmdrfha ck;d
bvï /l .ekSfï ixúOdkh" w,s ñksia iyÔjkh ì`o jeàfuka úm;g m;a
ck;djf.a ixúOdkh" mrdl%u iuqøh iq/lSfï ixúOdkh" uq,a,sl=,u ck;d
taldnoaO ixúOdkh wd§ ck;djf.au kdhl;ajfhka hq;= ixúOdk .Kkdjla
f.dvk.d ck;djf.au iyNd.s;ajh ;=<ska ;u whs;Ska Èkd .ekSu olajd
fufyh ùug myiqlï imhk ,§'

fuu ls%hdj,sfha ;SrKd;aul ld¾hNdrhla fmda¾Ü isáhg tfrys ck;d

jHdmdrh yryd Èh;a l< w;r cd;sl ;,fha Woaf>daIK" .%dóh uÜgfï
ck;d ls%hdldrlï" fm;aiï" f;dr;=re .fõIK cd;Hka;r jevigyka Èh;a
lsÍu ;=<ska úfrdaOh yd ck;d kdhl;ajh f.dvk.k ,§'

fuu ls%hdldß;ajhka i`oyd iyh ùfïoS cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha

ls%hdldÍkag yd kdhl;ajhg t,a, jq Ôú; ;¾ck yd wNsfhda. ueo miqneiSï"
rg yerhEï" fiajfhka bj;a ùï" yuqoduh ueÈy;aùï" nqoaê wxY ;¾ck wd§
úúO lreKq ueo wmf.a iudc fufyjr i`oyd wms wLKavj wo olajdu jir
25 lg wêl l,la .uka lÍuu ch.%yKhls'

• 64 •
wka;jd§kaf.a mdial= m%ydrh yd wmf.a ueÈy;aùu

hqoaOfha M,hla f,i O%eùhlrKh ù mej;s YS% ,xld iudch ;j;a fnod fjka
l< ;SrKd;aul Èkhla 2019 wms%fh,a 21 Èkg igyka úh' mdial= breÈk
fld<U fldÉÑlfâ" uvl,mqj yd ó.uqj lgqjdmsáfha ls;=kq foajia:dkj,g
t,a, l< wka;jd§kaf.a m%ydrh fuf;la cd;Ska jYfhka mej;s ÿria:;djh"
wkjfndaOh yd wúYajdih wd.ól jYfhkq;a foord hdug m%n, fya;=jla
úh' ls;=kqjka yd bia,dï Nla;slhska w;r fuf;la .egqula ó.uqfõoS isÿ
ù fkdue;s w;r" wms%fh,a 21 mdial= m%ydrh fï i`oyd m%n, fya;=jla f,i
ls;=kq - bia,dï úfrdaOhla f,i biau;= úh' W;=f¾ hqoaOfhka mSä; ckhdf.a
ÿIalr;djhkag ifydaor;ajfhka m%;spdr ±lajq ó.uqj ckhd" úfYAIfhka
ldka;djka" uqia,sï ckhd foi ffjrfhka ne,Sug yd i;=re cd;shla f,i
ie,lSug fhduq úh' fuu .egqu ;sj% lsÍug .skaorg f;,a tl;= lrk udOH
ksid ffjrfha .sks±,a ksùug bv fkd;ndu o,ajd ;eîu olakg ,eìKs' kuq;a
cd;Ska w;r iduh" ikaysÈhdj yd ifydaor;ajh fjkqfjka W;=f¾;a ol=fKa;a
fmkS isák cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh fuu jHik yuqfõ;a ;SrKd;aul
ueÈy;a ùula isÿ lrk ,§'

mdial= m%ydrh ms<sn`oj ±k.;a jydu wm ueÈy;a jQfha fujeks úm;l§

talrdYs lr.; yels ish¨u ls%hdldÍka" ixúOdk" wd.ñl kdhlhska
talrdYs lr .ksñka isÿúh yels wkfmaCIs; wk;=reoduh j,lajd .ekSug
mshjr .ekSughs' fï i`oyd wjYH ixúOdkd;aul ueÈy;aùu i`oyd uQ,sl
ld¾hNdrhla bgq lsÍug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh f,i wmg yels
jq w;r tu`.ska ó.uqj mqrjeis lñgqj ìyslr wd.ñl .egqula weú,Su u`.ska
rg mqrdu me;sß hd yelsj ;snq .sks±,a ksjd ±óu i`oyd wms mshjr .;af;uq'
n,f,daNSkaf.a wjYH;d bgq lsÍug fufyhjq udOH cd,hla yd ta fjkqfjka
fmkS isák foaYmd,k fykaphshka msßila ueo b;d wjOdkï yd ;SrKd;aul
ls%hdj,shla ;=<ska wo olajdu ó.uqj mqrjeis ckhd;a" úfYAIfhka ls;=kq-
uqia,Sï wd.ñl Nla;slhska w;r ixys`Èhdj yd ixjdoh f.dvke.Sug wms
ls%hdldÍj ueÈy;a fjuq' fuh ;SrKd;aul wjia:dj,§ wmf.a ueÈy;aùu yd
wjOdkï .ekSu ms<sn`oj jeo.;a wjia:djla f,i ye`Èkaúh yel'

ksoyfia fõÈldjg f.dvùu

hqoaOfhka miqj t<ô NsIKldß iuh rfÜ ksoyia u;odÍkag" m%;súreoaO

u;orkakkag udOHfõoSkag" isú,a ls%hdldÍkag fuka u" rch ;=< u isák
uyskaojd§ fkdjk foaYmd,lhskag jqjo b;du;a ysxidldß iuhla úh'
• 65 •
fuu ysxikfha w;a±lSu ukdju ú§ug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrfha
lKavdhug yels jq nj isym s ;a lruq' iqÿ jEka ixialD;sfhka yd nqoê a wxYj,ska
o" uv fmdaiga ¾ jHdmdr yd udOH Ndú;fhka t,a, l< ;¾ck o ksula fkdù h'
f;,a ñ, wiSñ;j by< ±óu rchg t,a, jq ëjr ck;d úfrdaOfha m%;M s ,hla
f,i y;r fofkl= wdndê;hska lrñka yd y,dj; wekagks m%kdkaÿ >d;kh
lrñka rch isÿ l< u¾okfha§ cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrh fuu Woaf>daIK
fufyh jk msßi njg rdð; fiakdr;ak weu;sjrhd md¾,sfïka;j = ;=< m%ldYhg
m;a lrñka iDcqju wm fj; ;¾ckh t,a, lrk ,§' fuu u¾okldß;ajh
uOHfha wmg ;snQ úl,am lsym s hls' tlla ksy`vj isàuhs' fojekak rg yer hduhs'
f;jekak wNsfhda.hg uqyK q § NsIKhg tfrysj igka lsÍuhs' wähla miq mig"
wä folla fmrg ;nñka ;djld,slj rg yer f.dia h<s;a NsIKhg tfrysj
isú,a" foaYmd,k yd udOH taldnoaO fufyhqu jq ksoyfia fõosldjg;a" miqj
ue;sjrK iufha§ m%;i s xialrK iys; fjkila b,a,ñka Èh;a l< NsIKhg yd
u¾okhg tfrys ùÈfha úfrdaOfha§;a m%n, odhl;ajhla ±laùug wmg yels úh'

fuys§ m%;sixialrK b,a,d lafIa;% ody;la wdjrKh lrñka m%;sixialrK

fhdackd f.dkq lr ixúOdk 114 la taldnoaO lr.ksñka 2014 foieïn¾ 10
udkj ysñlï Èkfha§ taldnoaO úmCIfha wfmaCIlhd jq ffu;s%md, isßfiakg
Ndr §u i`oyd;a wms ;SrKd;aul ls%hdj,shl ksr; jQfhuq'

jdikdjlg fyda wjdikdjlg fï ish,af,a hym;a m%;sM, w;am;a lr .ekSug

fuu ls%hdj,shg odhl jq wm ieug yels jq nj b;sydih fmkajd fokq we;'
fï iEu ls%hdj,shlau úúO úfõpk" wNsfhda. yd ;¾ck ueo Èh;a l< nj
fuys igyka lr ;nuq'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ixjdohg n`ÿka l< ëjr flaI;%hg b;sß
l< foa''''''''''''''''
1992 jeks ld, iSudjl § ëjr m%cdj i`oyd Yla;su;a jev ms<sfj,la fkdue;sj
mej;s wjêhl cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ;u ls%hdud¾. wdrïN
lrk iuh rfÜ iïm;a fm!oa.,SlrKh lrñka kj ,snr,a wd¾Ól ls%hdj,sh
uy uqyqo o wdl%uKh lrñka ;snq wjêhls'

1996 wxl 02 orK ëjr l<ukdlrK mk; iïu; lrñka c, ;Srh c,Ôù
j.dj i`oyd Wmfhda.s lr .ekSug kS;s iïmdokhg;a" ëjrhd ms<sn`oj
ks¾jpkfhka f;drj /lshdfõ kshqla; ëjrhska ixLHdj yd Tjqkaf.a ±,amkak
iSud lsÍug .;a W;aiyh ms<sn`oj;a wms m%n, y`vla ke`.=fjuq'
• 66 •
fuys WÉp;u wjia:dj jQfha cd;sl fifvla wdh;kfha mej;s jevms<sfj, bka
bj;a lr .ekSug o isÿùuhs' kuq;a ëjrhd hkak ks¾jpkh ;ju;a ksjerÈj
y`ÿkdf.k fkdue;s w;r uyuqyqfoa wdrCIdj ms<sn`oj iïuq;sh ;=<;a" ^C-
188&" iq¿mkak ëjr u`.fmkaùï ud,dj ^VGSSF& ;=<;a h<s;a fuu ixjdoh
wdrïN lr we;' ëjrhdf.a /lshdj iqrCIs; lsÍu i`oyd fuh w;sYh
jeo.;a nj fuhska fmfka' cd;sl ëjr m%;sm;a;shla f.dvke.Su i`oyd wmf.a
odhl;ajfha m%;sM,hla f,i f,dal wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkfha ëjr
lñgqj ^COFI-2014& yryd idlaId;a lsÍu i`oyd jk ;sridr l=vd mßudK
ëjr l¾udka;h iqrCIsl lsÍu i|yd iafõÉPd ud¾f.damfoaY u`.fmkaùï
ud,dj olajd .sh .uk wms l<ska i`oyka lf<uq' fuh iuia; ëjr flaIa;%hgu
wmf.a ueÈy;a ùfuka w;am;a lr .;a ch.%yKhla f,i igyka lr ;nkafka
wkd.; mrïmrdj,g o th wjfndaO lr .kq i`oydhs' wm úiska bÈßm;a l<
lreKq rg ;=< flaI;%fha mßmd,lhskag jeo.;a fkdjqko" f,dal ëjr ck;d
iïfï,kh yryd th bÈßhgu f.k hdug yelsùu ch.%yKhls'

kuq;a fuhg;a fmr isgu 2007 jeks ld, iSudjl§ ëjrhskf a .a uyuqyf q oa
wdrCIdj ms<n s `oj iïuq;h s jk" C-188 iïu; lr .ekSug wms mshjr .;a
w;r" tys uq,a m%h;akh jir 2005 § ILO uy iNdfõ§ id¾:l m%h;akhla
fkdùh' miqj ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmSh iuq¿jla yryd jD;a;h S iñ;s lafIa;f % ha
lsh
% dldÍkaf.a ueÈy;a ùfuka iïu; lr .ekSug ,eîu ëjrhskf a .a uyuqyf q oa
wdrCIdj ms<n s `oj lsh % d;aul ish,a,kaf.au ch.%yKhla fuka u ëjrhskf a .a
Ôú; wdrCIdj fjkqfjka uy;a fiajhla imhhs' fuh idCId;a lr .ekSug
ILO" ëjr wu;HdxYh" lïlre wud;HxYh iu`. tlaj iïuq;h s iïu; lr
.ekSug Èh;a lrk jev ms<f s j,g o wms lsh
% dldÍj odhl fjuq' fuh iduQyl s
m%h;akhla f,i lsh % d;aul lsÍug wms wmf.a odhl;ajh wLKavju ,nd fouq'

udkj ysñlï ms<sn`oj ixjdoh fld<U flakaøshj mej;s w;r fuh .ug f.k
hdu i`oyd úYaj ld,dka;r iudf,dapkhg;a ^UPR& iy wd¾Ól" idudÔh yd
ixialD;sl whs;Ska ms<sn`o ^CESCR& ixjdoh;a i`oyd wmf.a ueÈy;aùu fuys
igyka lr ;nkafka" idudkH ck;dj uqyqK fok fi!LH" wOHdmkh" ksjdi"
bvï iy c,h wd§ uQ,sl wjYH;d o udkj ysñlï nj ck;djg mila lr
§ug fuu cd;Hka;r fuj,ï wms Ndú; l< neúKs' ta yryd Èh;a l<
ixjdohkays m%;sM,h f,i 2017 yd 2022 UPR ls%hdj,sfha§;a" 2018 CESCR
ls%hdj,shg;a m%uqL odhl;ajhla ,nd §ug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg
yels úh'
• 67 •
2009 § .ka;¾ mjq,s úiska f,dal wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkfha ;dCIKsl
myiqlï iemhSfuka yd IMF/WB uQ,H odhl;ajfhka kj ,snr,a ls%hdj,sfha
uyuqyqfoa —iïm;a fld,a,h˜ ks,a wd¾Ólh Sunkan billions kñka bÈßm;a lrk
,§' fuu ixjdoh YS% ,xlSl iudcfha ks,a wd¾Ólh" ks,a j¾Okh kñka Èh;a
lsÍu ;=<ska ëjr m%cdjf.ka" iudcfha ie,lsh hq;= msßila w;r;a ixjdohla
f.dvke.Sug wmg ;j;a m%h;ak ±ßh hq;= jqj;a" kS, idOdrK;ajh ;=<ska
wdydr iaffjÍ;ajh Èkd .ekSfï m%h;akh o úl,amh f,i bÈßm;a lr we;'

fuu ixjdoh ;=<ska ks,a wd¾Ól ls%hdj,sfha uy uqyqfoa iQrdlEu wjfndaO lr

.;a ëjr m%cdjla" ldka;djka yd ëjr ls%hdldÍka f.dvke.Sug yels ùu
jHdmdrfha ch.%yKhls'

jir 2022 tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh úiska iq¿mkak ëjrhskaf.a yd c,Ôù

j.d j¾Ih f,i kï lr we;' ta wkqj fuh iq¿mkak ëjr m%cdj ms<sn`oj
iudcfha wjOdkh fhduq lrjd .ekSug;a" Tjqkaf.a m%Yak wduka;%Kh lsÍu
i`oyd n,OdÍka fuka u iudc ls%hdldÍka úúO wdh;k fhduq lrjd .ekSug
wms m%hka; oruq' fuys jeo.;a lreKla jkafka iq¿mkak ëjrhskaf.a j¾Ihla
^IYAFA& cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha 25 jk ixj;airh;a 2022
jif¾§u fh§ ;sîuhs' ëjr m%cdjf.a kdhl;ajh yd wjfndaOh ;=<ska ;srir
ëjr m%;sm;a;shla f.dvke.Sfï yd th ;=<ska ëjr m%cdjf.a wd¾Ólh Yla;sh
fuka u iudc ms<s.ekSu ;=<ska ëjr wNsudkh f.dvke.Sug fuu ls%hdj,sh
wms Wmfhda.s lr .ksuq'

bÈßh

;u ðú; mß;Hd.fhka W;=f¾;a ol=fKa;a wjidkfha ol=fKa ;reKhskq;a

wr., lf<a iudc fjkila yryd hym;a iudchla f.dvke.Su i`oyd hs'
wms o miq.sh jir 25 mqrdu fjfyi ±refõ kj ,snr,a wd¾Ól ls%hdj,sh
yryd j;auka ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,Ska wkd: lrk wj;eka lrk iïm;a
fld,a,lEfuka mS v djg m;a lrk ck;dj ta l dnoa O lrñka fuu hym;a
iudch f.dvke.S u g Wr §ughs' th isxy," fou<" uqia,Sï n¾.¾ we;=¿
ck fldgia w;r ckjd¾.sl iqyo;djh f.dvke.Su yryd Èh;a lsÍug wms
W;aiy lf<uq' kuq;a fuu ls%hdj,sfha§ oaú;aj mSvkhg ,la j we;s ldka;djka
ia;S% mqreI iuidOdrK;ajh ;=< n, .ekaùug wms W;aiql jQfhuq' fialrhka
;u ldjH ix.%yhl i`oyka lr we;s mßÈ'

• 68 •
 ry;a Wkuq;a ix>ñ;a;ka
kdß l=,fhu flfkla ykaod
/f.k wd fnda iñ`ÿ wNshi
wef.a mhg;a jegla nekaod

u,ska irid iqj`o .jid

È.g ;snQ flia ;og nkaod
fyauud,;a fkdwdjd kï
o<odj wo fkdfyo ukaod

jkaÈ b,a,d igka fkdlru

hkak .sh ;ksj úkaod
isÿy;=ka nqÿ jrï ,enqfõ
hfYdaOrd bjidmq ykaod

fï widOdrKhg tfrysj wms wLKavj fmkS isáuq'

tfiau hym;a iudchla f.dvke.Su i`oyd ;reKhd i;= cjh;a Tjqkaf.a

ks¾udKYs,s;ajh;a fyg oji tk f;la fkdisg jeäysáhka úkdY l<
Tjqkaf.a wkd.;h f.dvke.Su i`oyd ;reKhska kdhl;ajh i`oyd ±kqfuka
l=i,;djfhka yd wjfndaOfhka hq;=j iudc ls%hdldß;ajhg odhl lr
.ekSug wmf.a wjOdkh yd ls%hdldß;ajh m%Odku f,i u fhduq lruq' ta
wkqj Yla;su;aj ;reK jHdmdrh f.dvke.Sug wms wLKavju lem fjuq'

cd;sl fifvla wdh;kfhka bj;a ùfï § wm úiska i`oyka lf<a —k`.=,g w;

;nd wdmiq yeÍ n,k lsisfjla" foúhka jykafiaf.a rdcHhg iqÿiq ke;shs ˜
Æla iqndrxÑh ^9(62&

wm isys ;nd .; hq;= lreK jkafka miq.sh jir 25 w;sYh ÿIalr jQjdg;a
jvd j¾;udk wd¾Ól iudÔh foaYmd,k jd;djrK ;=<;a isú,a ixúOdkj,g
yd isú,a ls%hdldÍkag t,a, ù we;s ;¾ck ;=<;a úfYAIfhkau isú,a iudc
ixúOdk ls%hdldß;ajh ms<sn`oj fhdað; mk;a flgqïm;a yryd;a iudc
• 69 •
idOdrK;ajh Wfoid;a fmkS isákakka mqkre;a:dmkh Wfoid fhdað;
mqkr;a:dmkh ms<sn`oj mk; jeks mSvdldÍ wk mK;a ;=< wmf.a wNsfhda.
hka ;j;a ;sj% jk nj fkdjkqudkh' tneúka wms ls%hdldÍ Tn ieug wdrdOkd
lrkafka"

—hfula ud wkqj tkak leue;af;a o"

Tyq ;u lu kid l=reish orñka ud wkqj tajd˜
^uf;õ 16(24&

—WHOEVER wants to be my DISCIPLE must deny themselves

and takeup their CROSS and follow me" (Mathew 16(24)

ta wkqj cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iu`. w;aje,a ne`o .kakd Tn

ieug" fuu wNsfhda. ueo hym;a iudchla f.dvke.Su i`oyd wm yd tlajk
f,i wdrdOkd lruqæ

• 70 •
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; fle;J te;j gaz top

Muk;gk; :

1977 Mz;by; Muk;gpj;J ,yq;ifapd; jpwe;j nghUshjhu nraw;ghl;bd;

ghjfkhd tpisTfs; ,yq;if rKjhaj;jpw;F Vw;gLj;jpa Jd;gk; kw;Wk;
jPq;Ffs; njhlu;ghf Njrpa nrnlf; epWtdk; 1992k; Mz;L Muk;gj;jpy; mjhtJ
15 tUlq;fSf;F gpd; Kd;ndLj;j Ma;tpd;gb czT cw;gj;jpapy; <Lgl;l
tptrha> kPdt> kiyaf Njhl;l njhopyhspfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpu tu;j;jf tiya
njhopyhspfSf;F kw;Wk; midj;J Jiwapyhd ngz;fSf;F Vw;gl;Ls;s
jiytpjp jiytpjp njhlu;ghf mwpe;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,J njhlu;ghf vLf;f
Ntz;ba khw;Wtopfs;> nghUshjhu kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp murpay; khw;wq;fs;
njhlu;ghd Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; Njitia nrnlf; (SEDEC) epWtdj;jpd;
nraw;ghl;by; kw;Wk; Mrpah tiya kdpj mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghfTk; Mauit
khehL (APHD) mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghd INuhg;gpa ,af;f xd;wpak; (CIDSE)
xd;W $b khw;W topahd mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghd kf;fs; xd;wpak; (PEFDA)
Clhf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhd Ntiyj;jpl;lk; xd;W 1992k; Mz;L Ig;grp
khjk; ,yq;ifapy; ele;j APHD, SEDEC re;jpg;gpy; Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ
,e;j Ntiyj;jpl;lk; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F mg;NghJ ,Ue;j jpU. N[hd;
gpudhe;J mtu;fspd; <Lghl;by; tptrha Jiwapy; ePz;l fhykhf nraw;gl;l
fhzp kw;Wk; tptrha rPu;jpUj;j ,af;fk; (MONLAR) kw;Wk; kiyaf kf;fs;
mUl;je;ij tz. ee;jd kdJq;f mbahu;fspd; jiyikapy; nraw;gl;L te;j
SETIC fz;b kiwkhtl;l eLepiyaj;jpw;F mioj;jNjhL tu;j;jf tiya
njhopyhspfs; cl;gl ngz;fs; Jiw flikfs; njhlu;ghd mgptpUj;jp
nraw;ghl;bw;fhf SEDEC epWtdj;jpd; ngz;fs; Jiwf;F mUl;rNfhjup
tz. tpf;lupd; Uj;upNfh mtu;fspd; <Lghl;by; nghWg;Ngw;fg; gl;lJ. ,e;j
nraw;ghl;by; Fiwe;j xOq;FKiw nraw;ghl;bd; fPo; nraw;gl;l kPdt
Jiwia xOq;F nra;Ak; nghWg;G nrnlf; epWtdj;jpd; gapw;rp gpuptpw;F
ifaspf;fg;gl;lNjhL mq;F Nritapy; <Lgl;bUe;j nry;tp. KJfy> nry;tp.
];nfhnyh];bfh rpy;th MfpNahupd; cjtpAld; `u;kd; Fkhu Kd;ndLj;Jr;
nry;YkhW mg;NghJ SEDEC gzpg;ghsuhf ,Ue;j mUl;je;ij tz. fyhepjp
x];ty;l; gP gu;j; mbfs; %yk; nghWg;G mspf;fg;gl;lJ. ehL G+uhf tpahgpj;J
,e;j Jiwapy; nghUshjhu> r%fk;> kw;Wk; Rw;whly; epyikfis mwpe;Jf;
nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk; khw;Wtopahd nraw;ghL njhlu; Kd;nkhopT>

• 71 •
1992 k; Mz;L Ig;grp khjk; elhj;jpa khw;Wtop mgptpUj;jpw;fhd SEEC- APHD-
CIDSE re;jpg;gpw;F — cz;ikahd kPdt ,af;fk; xd;iw Nehf;fp" vd;Dk;
ngaupy; Kd;dpiygLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J vkJ KjyhtJ ntspaPlhf gpd;du;
mr;rplg;gl;lJ. mJ Project, program Paradigm Shift kPJ ifaspf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j
nraw ;ghl;by; vq;fshy; gpujhdkhd ,uz;L cghatopfs; njhlu;ghf Xu;
cld;ghl;bw;F tuf;$baNjhL 30 tUlq;fSf;Fg; gpd; mJ ,d;Dk; vkJ
gpujhd cgha topfshFk;.

• khw;Wtopfis fl;bnaOg;Gjy; njhlu;ghd nfhs;if uPjpahd <LghL.

• kf;fSf;F tYTs;s khw;Wtop nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndj;jy; njhlu;ghf

nray;Kiw nraw;ghLfis mwpe;J Kd;ndLj;jy;.

mjd;gb kf;fis TyT+l;Ltjw;fhf tptrha> kPdt> njhopyhsu;fs;> kw;Wk;

Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu; gpui[fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fspd; xd;wpize;j nraw;ghL
1992k; Mz;L Kjy; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y Muk;gpj;jij epidT$w
Ntz;bAs;sJ.

kPdt Jiwapd; mbg;gilia fl;bnaOg;Gjy;

1992k; Mz;by; CIDSE- SEDEC- APHD khw;Wtop mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lj;pw;F

Kd;d;piy gLj;JtJ njhlu;ghd Kd;nkhopit jahupg;gjw;F cupa Jiw
njhlu;ghf tpsf;fj;ijs ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Kjyhtjhf cjtpia
ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ rpyhgk; kiwkhtl;lj;jpy; SEDEC epWtdj;jpy; vd;gij
epidT $w Ntz;Lk;. nfsut. Itu; gP;l;lu;];> fpd;];yp Nyhr; MfpNahu;
Muk;gj;jpNyNa kiwkhtl;lk; G+uhf kPdt fpuhkq;fspd; kf;fis re;jpg;gjw;fhf
KJfy ];nfhnyh];bfh> tpf;Nlhupah mUl;rNfhjup `u;kDld; ea;dklk
vd;Dkplj;jpypUe;J fy;gpl;ba jPTfs;> tdhjtpy; Mw;W thb> Nrud;Fsp kw;Wk;
fz;jPT tiu elj;jpa fsg; gazj;jpd; tpopg;Gzu;T tpupT nra;ag;gl;lJ.
vdNt Muk;gj;jpy; Njrpa nrnlf; epWtdj;jpd; gapw;rp gpupT kw;Wk; rpyhgk;
kiwkhtl;lk; xd;wpize;J vkJ kPdt nraw;ghL fl;b vOg;gg; gl;lij
epidT$w Ntz;Lk;.

• 72 •
fpuhkj;jpd; Clhf tiyaikg;ig fl;bnaOg;Gjy;

kPdt xj;Jiog;G FOtpd; cUthf;fk; rpyhgk; kiwkhtl;lk;> Gj;jsk; khtl;lk;

,e;j Vw;w Njpa kPdt njhopyhsu; rq;fKk;> jpU. grpy; gpudhe;J mtu;fspd;
gzpg;hsu; gjtpapYs;s xd;wpize;j kPdt mgptpUj;jp Jiw jw;NghJk;
ePu;nfhOk;gpy; nraw;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. gpd;G ,J kPdt xj;Jiog;G Jiw
vd;Dk; ngaupy; jpU. rpupky; gpd;gu mtu;fspd; gzpg;ghsu; gjtpapy; kPdt
xOq;F FOtpd; mq;fj;jtu;fs; njupTnra;ag;gl;ldu;. SEDEC FO ,e;j
mzpfSld; ntt;NtwhfTk;> midtUk; $b Kd;ndLj;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;Tfspd;
gpujpgydhf kPdt xj;Jiog;G FO cUthfpaJ. ,J SEDEC epWtj;ij
mbg;gilahf nfhz;L Kd;ndLj;Jr; nrd;wNjhL rpy mbg;gil cld;ghLfs;
Clhf Kd;ndLj;Jr; ny;yg;gl;lJ.

• kPdt gj;J fl;lisfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L vkJ kPdt

nraw;ghl;il fl;bnaOg;Gjy;-- gpd;G kPdt nfhs;ifapd; mbg;gil
,JthdJ.

• epWtdnkhd;wy;y tiyaikg;ghf xd;wpize;j nraw;ghl;il

Kd;ndLj;jy;.

• fUj;Jg;gfpu;T Clhf kw;Wk; rkurj;Jld; KbTfs; vLg;gjw;F xt;nthU

khjKk; Kjyhk; tpahof;fpoik $l;lk; eilngWk;

,e;j nraw;ghl;il Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yk; NghJ SEDEC epWtdk; ngz;fs;

gpupTld; xd;wpize;J nraw;gLtjd; Clhf kPdt ngz;fs; njhlu;ghf tYthd
Xu; ,izg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf mUl;rNfhjup tz. tpf;lupd; kw;Wk;
];nfhy];bfh rpy;th ngw;Wj;je;j gq;fspg;ig epidT $w Ntz;Lk;. fhyp>
khj;jiw kPdt ngz;fspd; nraw;ghL rtpj;jpup ,af;fj;jpw;F Nru;e;jNghjpYk;
mjd; Muk;gk; ed;dPu; gpui[fs; tiyaikg;gpw;F ntd;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;
vq;fis rhu;e;jjhdJ. ed;dPu; kPd;gpb gpui[fs; kPd;gpb gpui[fSf;fpilapy;
Fiwe;j mtjhdj;ij ngw;w kf;fshtNjhL mJ ,d;W tiuAk; mt;thNw
epoTk;. Mdhy; ctu;ePu;> fsg;G ePu; Jiwapy; njhlu;ig fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F
rkhe;jukhf gP. KJfy rNfhjuu; kw;Wk; ];nfhnyh];bfh rpy;th rNfhjup
ed;dPu; Fsq;fis mz;b ,izg;Gfis fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F gq;fspg;G
ngw;Wj;jug;gl;lJ. nghNyhd;dWitapy; gpk;Gud;Net> cy;gpaht>

• 73 •
guhf;fpuk rKj;jpuk;> mEuhjGuk;> tpyr;rp> gjtp> uh[hq;fid> ehr;rpJ}t>
kfhfdjuht> Gj;jsk;> jg;Nght> kfhc];Ngt Mfpa gpuNjrq;fSf;F vkJ
nraw;ghl;il Kd;ndLj;jNjhL mjd; gpujpgydhf Gj;jsk; khtl;lj;jpy;
nrdrpyp mikg;gpd; <.V.lg;ypA.

gz;lhu kw;Wk; m[pj; &grpq;f Mrpupaufs; fUtyf];ntt gpuNjrj;ij

fz;lwpe;J tiyaikg;gpy; Nru;j;Jf; nfhz;lNjhL ,q;F kpfTk; epiyad
Nritia nra;tjw;F nrdRk mikg;gpd; jpU. nf.vk. gP. ngNuuh mtu;fspd;
tUif kpfTk; Kf;fpakhJ.

ed;dPu; Jiw njhlu;ghf kf;fspd; ngUikia ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy;

SEDEC epWtdj;jpd; <Lghl;by; Ma;nthd;iw Kd;ndLj;jNjhL fsdp
gy;fiyfofj;jpd; Nguhrpupau; cghyp mkurpq;f kw;Wk; %d;W gl;ljhupfspd;
cjtpAld; ,e;j Ma;it Kd;ndLj;J ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

njd;khfhzj;jpd; cs;aPL kw;Wk; tpahg;jp

ed;duP ; Jiwapd; flikfis Ntfkhf Kd;ndLg;gNjhL cy;`pba ePu;

Njf;fj;jpy; Nitiyfspy; <Lgl;bUe;j re;ju;gg ; q;fspy; njw;F khfhzrig
Nju;jypy; ngWNgWfs; ntspaplg; gl;L mg;NghJ epytpa If;fpa Njrpaf;fl;rp
muir nehWf;Fk; KjyhtJ ntb njw;fpy; ntsp te;jJ. mjw;F ghjpf;fg;gl;l
gpujhd tplakhdJ njw;F kPdtu;fs; iyl;Nfh];fSf;F vjpuhf Kd;ndLj;j
Nghuhl;lkhFk;. ehk; jp];]khuhk B. B. tpjhd rNfhjudpd; (kupj;j) <Lghl;by;
mwpe;Jf;nfhz;l jpU. n\y;ld; Fzuj;d (kupj;j) mtu;fspd; Qhgfhu;jj ; khf
khj;jiw njtpEtu gl;baN`d vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; KjyhtJ fpuhk $l;lk;
xOq;F nra;ag;gl;lJ. mJ njw;F kPdt ,af;fj;jpd; khj;jiw ,af;fj;ij
fl;bnaOg;Gtjd; Muk;g $l;lkhFk;. mjd;gb jpU. n\y;ld; Fzuj;d njw;F
kPdt ,af;fj;jpd; Muk;g mq;fj;jtuhf Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. iyl;Nfh];
Mu;gg; hl;lk; kpfTk; Kk;Kukhf fhyp njhld;J}t vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; Kd;ndLj;Jr;
nrd;wNjhL —kPdt Nghuhl;l Kd;dzp" vd;Dk; ,af;fj;jpd; nghWg;Gzu;Tld;
flikahw;wpa B. Qhdjhr (kupj;j) rNfhjuu; mq;F mwpe;Jf;nfhz;lNjhL
mtuJ eilKiwapy; njw;F kPdt ,af;fj;jpd; fhyp fpisahf vkJ
nraw;ghl;il Kd;ndLj;jy; 1993 Mz;bd; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. mopit Vw;gLj;Jk;
kPdt cgfuzq;fSf;F vjpuhf Nghuhl;lk;. Fwpg;ghf ildikl;> iyl;Nfhu;];
Nghd;w fUtpfSf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lq;fspy; njw;F kPdt ,af;fk; kPdt
,af;fj;jpd; jiyikj;Jtj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ.

• 74 •
murhq;fk; kPdt ts jdpg;gadhf;fk; njhlu;ghf rl;l mbg;gilia jahupf;Fk;.
1990 ,y. 02 nfhz;l kPdt Kfhikj;Jt rl;lj;ij nfhz;L tUtjw;F 1994
Ml;rpf;F te;j re;jpupf;fh g];dhaf rdhjpgjpapd; nfhkpAdp];l; fl;rpapd; kPdt
mikr;ruhd jpU. ,e;jpf Fztu;jd (kupj;j) mUl;je;ijau;fSf;fpilapy;
kPdt xj;Jiog;G FOtpd; <Lghl;by; ghuJ}ukhd vjpu;g;ig Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F
kPdt kf;fSf;F Kbe;jJ. vq;fshy; jahupf;fg;gl;l Jz;LgpuRuj;ij gad;gLj;jp
nfhz;L kPdt kf;fSf;F fhuzq;fSld; vjpu;g;ig njuptpg;gjw;F gjpyhf
ehk; re;jpj;j ,e;jpf Fztu;jd mikr;ru; $wpajhtJ — ePu; kPdt mikr;ruhf
,Uf;Fk;tiu kPdt tsq;fis tpw;gid nra;jy; my;yJ jdpg;gadhf;fk;
nra;a khl;Bu;" vd;w mu;j;jk; ,y;yhj $w;whFk;.. Mdhy; kPdt tsq;fspd;
Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;Dk; ngaupy; kPdt gpui[fis njhopypypUe;J ePf;Ftjw;F
cs;s Mw;wy;> kPdt tsq;fs; ePupd capu;fspd; tsu;g;gpd; Kd;Ndw;wk;
njhlu;ghf ,yq;ifapy; ePu; epyaq;fis gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F cs;s
rl;luPjpahd KjyPL> ehl;bd; kPdt nfhs;ifia jahupg;gjw;F kPdt kf;fspd;
cz;ikahd gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ,y;yhik Nghd;w fhuzq;fs; cl;gl gy
fhuzq;fspdhy; 1996 ,y. 02 nfhz;l kPdt Kfhikj;Jt rl;lj;jpw;F fhl;ba
vjpu;g;G fj;Njhypf;f rigapd; gf;fj;jpw;F jpUg;gp mDg;Gtjw;F murhq;fk;
eltbf;if vLj;jjhf vkf;F njspthfpaJ.

kPdt Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F fj;Njhypf;f rigapd; tpNuhjk;

mUl;je;ij tz. x];ty;l; gu;j; mbfspd; topfhl;lypy; kw;Wk; Muk;g

nraw;ghl;bd; 1992k; Mz;bypUe;J Kd;ndj;Jr; nrd;w kPdt Ntiyj;jpl;lk;>
mUl;je;ij tz. n[. gp. Njtuh[h (kupj;j) ,ilfhy gzpg;ghsupd;
MrPu;thjj;jpy; tYthfTk;> RahjPdkhfTk>; kf;fspd; tYit fl;b vOg;Gk;>
nfhs;ifia RahjPdkhf kf;fSf;F vjpuhd nfhs;iffSf;F rthyhfp
kf;fs; rf;jpia fl;bnaOg;gp nraw;gLjy; 1996 k; Mz;by; rthy;fs; Njhd;w
Muk;gpj;jJ Fwpg;ghf rpq;fs> jkpo;> K];yPk; kf;fs; kj> ,d Ngjkpd;wp
jdJ gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk; mjw;fhd khw;Wtopfis Kd;nkhope;J> kf;fs;
mbg;gilapy; xd;whf gazpf;Fk; NghJ mjw;F MrPu;tjpg;gjw;F gjpyhf vkf;F
fpilj;jJ mjw;F vjpu;khwhd gpujpgypg;ghFk;. cldbahf nraw;gLk;gb Mau;
miyia iftpl;L tpLtjw;F mUl;je;ij tz. N[. gp. Njtuh[h mbfs;
(,iwtdb Nru;e;j) Clhf njhlu;ghly; nra;ag;gl;lJ ,e;j Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd;
Clhf ngw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;s tpsf;fk; kw;Wk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mUl; je;ijf;F
rhu;e;jJ. APHD nraw;ghl;bd; tUlhe;j

• 75 •
re;jpg;gpy; kPdt ,af;fj;jpd; Ntiyj;jpl;lk; Kd;itf;g;gl;ljd; Clhf Mrpa
tiyauPjpahf ngWikia ntd;Wf; nfhz;l Ntiyfspd; xU gFjpia
vk;khy; nra;tjhf nra;aNtz;baJ vd;gij mwpe;jpUe;j mUl;je;ij
Mau;mitf;F ,jd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij njspTgLj;jpajd>; gpd; ,d;Dk; Xu;
Mz;Lf;F epfo;r;rpia Kd;ndLj;J> gpd;du; SEDEC epWtdk; kw;Wk; mjd;
,izg;ig mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l kPtdt epfo;r;rp xd;iw Muk;gpg;gjw;F
MNyhrid ngw;Wf;nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. kPdt ,af;fj;jpd; mq;fj;jtu;fSld;
kw;Wk; PEFDA FOTld; elj;jpa fUj;Jg;gfpu;tpd; gpujpgydhf `u;kd; Fkhu
nrnlf; epWtdj;jpypUe;J tpyfp> RahjPd ,af;fkhf kPdt ,af;fj;ij
Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ

'fyg;igapy; if itj;j gpd; jpUk;gpg; ghu;g;gtu;fs;; vtUk;

,iwahl;rpf;F
cl;glj; jFjpAs;stu;fs; my;y" Y}f;fh ew;nra;jp (9: 62)

,J `u;kd; Fkhu> mUl;je;ij tz. Njtuh[h (kupj;j) mtu;fSf;F

ed;wp $wp 1997 Mtzp 01k; jpfjpapypUe;J gjtp tpyfy; fbjj;jpd; filrp
nrhw;nwhldhdJ. Mdhy; mjw;F Kd; cyf rKj;jpu jpdk; njhlu;ghf 03
ehisa fye;Jiuahly;> fz;fhl;rp> ghijahj;jpiu kw;Wk; kPdt mikr;ru;
,e;jpf Fztu;jd> mUl;je;ij tz. jp];] ghy#upa> mUl;je;ij tz.
x];ty; ghu;j; MfpNahu; cl;gl kPdt Jiwapd; mjpfhupfs; kw;Wk; 1000 Nkyhd
kf;fspd; gq;fspg;gpy; 1997 Mdp 08k; jpfjp kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd;
Muk;g jpfjp fl;Lthgpl;ba r%fk; kw;Wk; rkhjhd Nfe;;jpuj;jpy; mg;NghJk;
];jhgpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

RthjPd kPdt ,af;fk; rthy;fSf;F kj;jpapy; Kd; Nehf;fp :

RahjPd ,af;fkhf gazpf;f jPu;khdpj;jhYk; ,g;NghJk;$l ahNjDk; xU

nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;L ,Ue;j Gj;jsk; (nyhnay; gPup];> n[.n[. ngNuuh>
B.gp. ,yq;fNfhz;>) fhyp (B. Qhdjhr> yhy; Mde;j) khj;jiw (n\y;ld;
Fzuj;d> Mde;j ypadNf) Nghd;w Muk;g nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs; kw;Wk;
gzpafj;jpy; (fPjh yf;kpdp> ePy; gpupad;j> yf;rpup gpudhe;J> B.vk;;.v]; jprhdhaf)
nraw;ghl;lhsu;fspd; capu;thOk; gpur;rpid kw;Wk; gzpafj;ij eilKiw
gLj;Jk; rthy;xd;W vq;fSf;F ,Ue;jJ. gpur;rpid ,d;Dk; Kk;Kwkhtjw;F
fhuzk; kPdt ,af;fj;jpd; nghWg;G ,af;fkhf flikahw;Wtjw;F cld;gl;l

• 76 •
r%fk; kw;Wk; xw;Wik Nfe;jpuk; mjpypUe;J tpyFtjw;F 1998k; Mz;L
rpj;jpiu khjk; vLj;j mtrukhd jPuk; hdj;NjhlhFk;. CAFOD epWtdk; ngw;Wj;
je;j Briding Grant y; kpFjpahf ,Ue;j epjp rKjhak; kw;Wk; rkhjhd
ikaj;jpd; epu;thf nryTfis Fiwj;J GJtUl nfhz;lhl;lk; njhlu;ghf
vkJ nraw;ghLfis ngw;Wj;jUkhW jho;ikahf Nfhupa tplak; njhlu;ghf
vkf;F fpilj;j gpujpgypg;ghdJ epWtdk; vkJ nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J cldbahf
ePqF
; tjhFk;. ,iwtdb Nru;ej ; mUl; je;ij tz. [ad;j gpz;zty (OMI)
mbfspd; jiyaPlb ; y; kw;Wk; mtuJ gq;fspg;gpy; Njrpa kPdt mgptpUj;jp
nghWg;G vd;Dk; ngaupy; ek;gpf;if nghWg;Gr;rigia cUthf;fpajd; Clhf
mjw;F ijupakhf Kfk; nfhLf;f Kbe;jJ. mt;thNw ,e;j nraw;ghl;by; vkJ
nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSf;F gy khjq;fshf khjhe;j nfhLg;gdTfs; $l ,y;yhky;
,af;fj;jpd; epiyghL njhlu;ghf nra;j mu;gg ; zpg;Gfs; 25 tUlq;fis
nfhz;lhLk; NghJ epidT$w fhuzk;> mg;gb ,y;yhtpl;lhy; nfhz;lhLtjw;F
kPdt mikg;G xd;W ,;dW ; ,Uf;f khl;lhJ. <Nky; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; ,y;yhj
rkaj;jpy; XU fbjj;ij mr;rpl;L jghypy; ,Ltjw;F Njitahd gzk; my;yJ
mr;rpLtjw;F Njitahd ikia tpiy nfhLj;J thq;Ftjw;F gzk; ,y;yhky;
Mjutw;w epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ kPdt gpui[fs; vq;fis tYgLj;j
fhl;ba cjtp nrhy;ypy; mlq;fhJ. ,q;F Vio thrpfshd [{l; ehky; kw;Wk;
Nkhutiyia Nru;ej ; mUd nuh\hd;j Mfpa rNfhjuu;fs; xd;W$b ,J
njhlu;ghf vkf;F fhl;ba gq;fspg;G ,y;yhtpl;lhy; kPdt ,af;fk; RahjPdkhd
rkaj;jpy; fhL kz;b mope;J Nghf ,Ue;j re;ju;gg ; k; mNdfkhFk;.

jilfSf;F kj;jpapy; ehk; mile;j ntw;wpfs;

1997k; Mz;L Ig;grp 30k; jpfjp vkJ Ntiyj;jpl;lk; Kf;fpakhd ehshdJ

mg;NghJ kPdt mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j jpU. k`pe;j ,uh[gf;\ kPdt xj;Jiog;G
gzpafj;jpw;F mioj;J 1996 ,y.02 nfhz;l kPdt Kfhikj;Jt rl;lk;
njhlu;ghf kPdt jiytu;fs; kw;Wk; kPdt nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSld; Nru;e;J
vq;fshy; Kd;dpiygLj;jpa khw;Wtopapyhd Kd;nkhopTfs; njhlu;ghf ePz;l
fUj;J gfpu;T kw;Wk; ahNjDk; cld;ghLfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ljdhyhFk;.

mt;thNw 1995 k; Mz;L cyf czT kw;Wk; tptrha mikg;G %yk;

ntspapl;l —nghWg;Gzu;NthL kPdt njhopy; njhlu;ghf xOf;ff;Nfhit"
(Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries- CCRF ) ntspaPL 1997 Mdp khjk; 08k;
jpfjp rpq;fs nkhopapy; nkhopg;ngau;j;J ntspapl;lNjhL mUl;rNfhjup tz.

• 77 •
tpf;lupd; kw;Wk; `u;kd; Fkhu ,jpy; gq;Fgw;wpdu;. mJ czT kw;Wk; tptrha
mikg;gpy; rl;luPjpahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l nkhopfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf NtW
RtNjr nkhopapy; nkhopg;ngau;j;j Kjy; re;ju;g;gkhdNjhL> mJ njhlu;ghf
cyf czT tptrha mikg;gpd; ypruhfh tpUJ (Margrita Lizarrasga ) kPdt
xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpw;F ifaspj;jy; vq;fshy; ntd;nwLj;j KjyhtJ
ru;tNjr tpUJ MdJ. ,e;j tpUJ ,j;jhyp J}Jtu; Clhf ,yq;if kPdt
mikr;Rf;F ifaspj;jjhy; SEDEC gzpg;ghsuhf ,Ue;j mUl;je;ij tz.
Njtuh[h mbfspd; gq;fspg;gpy; mg;NghJ kPdt mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j jpU.
k`pe;j ,uh[gf;\tpd; ifahy; `u;kd; Fkhu ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;.

1997k; Mz;L kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpw;F kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd Mz;lhfpaJ.

mjhtJ Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpw;F ,e;jpahtpd; GJby;yp
efUf;F xd;W$ba cyfpy; 70 ehLfs; 135 kPdt mikg;GfSf;F ,ilapy;
cyf kPdt rk;Nksdj;jpd; Muk;g $l;lj;jpy; gq;F nfhz;L mq;F Muk;g
mq;fj;jtuhtjw;F KbAkhdjhyhFk;. ,yq;ifapy; ,d;Dk; 03 mikg;Gfs;
fye;Jf;nfhz;lNjhL `k;gd;njhl ngz;fs; mgptpUj;jp nghJr;rig>
FlhghL> nts;stPjp> xd;wpize;j kPdt mikg;G kw;Wk; J}iy Njrpa kPdt
njhopyhsu; rq;fk; Mfpad mtw;Ws; mlq;Fk;.

1997 k; Mz;bypUe;J ijupaj;Jld; Kd;Ndhf;fp…………

gpd;jhq;fpa epiyapYk; $l gytpjg;gl;l ntw;wpfisAk; ifg;gw;wpf;nfhz;L
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; Kd; Nehf;fp gazpj;jJ. ,J njhlu;ghf
mbg;gilapy; Kf;fpakhd nraw;ghnlhd;W fs nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs;> NghyNt
gzpaf nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSk; epiwNtw;wpdu;. ehk; ek;gpf;if itj;jpUe;Njhu;
vq;fis tpl;L NghFk;NghJ vq;fSf;fhf fl;bnaOg;Gk; ek;gpf;if fhuzkhf
gy mikg;Gfs; vkf;F cjtp nra;tjw;F Kd;te;jd.

CAFOD epWtdk; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;gpd; mbg;gil tPl;L cgfuzq;fs;>

fzdp ,ae;jpuq;fs;> njhlu;ghly; cgfuzq;fis ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jNjhL>
rpytw;iw ehk; ,Jtiu ghtpf;fpd;Nwhk;. CEDEC–APHD epfo;r;rpia nraw;gLj;Jk;
NghJ Misereor epWtdk; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;Jld; neUq;fp
fz;fhzpj;jNjhL egu;fSf;fpilapYk; neUq;fpa cwT Vw;gl;lJ. N[u;kd;
fyhepjp cs;upr; Nlhd;gu;d; (kupj;j) (Dr. Ulrich Donberg) cld; Njrpa kPdt
xj;Jiog;Gf;F ,ilapy; fhzg;gl;l ,izg;gpdhy; 1998/1999 Mz;LfSf;fhf
xU tUlj;jpw;F epjp xJf;fPLfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F Misereor epWtdk;
cld;gl;lNjhL vq;fSf;F ,Ue;j epjp rpukk; jw;fhypfkhf epiwTngw;wJ.

• 78 •
vkJ gFg;gha;tpy; ehk; fz;l gpujhd gpur;rpidahtJ Gjpa ypguy;
nghUshjhu nraw;ghl;by; kPdt kf;fsl cl;gl rpWghd;ik czT
cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;F cw;gj;jp nraw;ghl;bypUe;J tpyf;fp mtu;fSld; nghJ
kf;fSf;F cupj;jhd ,aw;if tsq;fis jdpg;gl;l cupikAld; ifg;gw;wpf;
nfhs;StJ kw;Wk; mtw;iw #iuahb $w;whly; moptpy; gq;Fgw;WtJ
NGhyNt thdpiy khw;wj;jpw;Fk; top tFj;jyhFk;. 1996y; ,y. 02 nfhz;l
rl;lj;jpw;F ehk; Kd;itj;j vjpu;g;gpd; nry;Ygb ,;d;Dk; Kk;Kwkhf fhuzk;
,r;nraw;ghl;bd; njhopy;El;g ePu;tho; capuq;fspd; tsu;g;gpw;F> Rw;Wyh
njhopypw;F fiuNahuk; kw;Wk; cs;sf ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs;> tdq;fis mz;ba
tsq;fis jdpahu; Jiwapy; trg;gLj;jpf; nfhshj;tjw;F fhl;Lk; nfhs;if
uPjpapyhf kw;Wk; nraw;ghl;L nraw;KiwahFk;. mjw;F Nkyjpfkhf kPdt
kf;fspd; kdpj cupik njhlu;ghf> r%f ghJfhg;G> Mo;flypd; ghJfhg;G
njhlu;ghf ftdpf;fhj kPdt ngz; njhopYf;F fhl;Lk; gq;fspg;G kw;Wk;
mtu;fsp;d; <Lghl;il ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L kPz;Lk; Njrpa kPdt nfhs;if
xd;iw jahupj;jy; njhlu;ghf Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; nraw;ghL
Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J njhlu;ghf jahupf;fg;gl;l Ntiyj;jpl;lk; njhlu;ghf
1999k; Mz;L Kjy; 2002k; Mz;L fhyfl;lk; tiu fpuhkj;jpw;F fpuhkk;>
efUf;F efu;> Fsj;jpw;F Fsk; gazpj;J jfty;fis Nrfupj;J tiuT xd;W
jahupf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j nraw;ghl;il Kd;ndLj;J nry;tjw;fhf RrPkh rNfhjup
nraw;ghl;il eilKiw gLj;jpaNjhL midj;J khtl;l mikg;GfSk; mJ
njhlu;ghf mu;g;gzpg;Gld; nraw;gl;lijAk; ,q;F epidT $WNthk;. ,e;j
tiuT Mtzj;jpy; cz;ikahd mq;fkhdJ 2002k; Mz;L gjtpf;F te;j
murhq;f mikr;ru; kPdt nfhs;ifnahd;iw jahupj;jy; njhlu;ghf vq;fSf;F
nra;jgb vkJ Mtzj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mg;NghJ ,Ue;j kPdt
mikr;ru; %ykhfTk; jpU. tpN[Nrfu mtu;fSf;F njspTgLj;Jtjw;F
Vw;gl;ljhyhFk;. xU Gwj;jpy; nyhnay; gPup];> B. Qhdjhr> kJf rk;gj;
kw;Wk; `u;kd; Fkhu tplaq;fis njuptpj;jNjhL mtw;wpd; mbg;gilahdJ
kPz;Lk; kyutpLNthk; ,yq;ifia Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; ehl;bd; tsq;fis
ghJfhg;gjw;F kp`pe;J eP ,e;j ehl;L tsq;fspd; cupikahsu; my;y
nghWg;ghsu; khj;jpuNk." Mfpa mbg;gilahFk;. kPdt tsq;fis tpw;giz
nra;tjw;F jahupf;Fk; jpl;lq;fSf;F vjpuhf Kd;itj;j gpugy;akhd rthy;
mjhtNjhL mjd;gpd; kPdt mikr;ru; Kd; itj;j fUj;Jfspy; ,e;j
tplaj;jpw;F gjpyspf;fg;gl;lJ.

• 79 •
kPdt xj;Jiog;gpd; nraw;ghL tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F
khfhzq;fSf;F tpahgpg;G .......

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G vg;NghJk; mjd; midj;J nraw;ghl;lhsu;fspd;

mu;g;gzpg;gpy; kw;Wk; jiyaPl;by; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l mikg;ghFk;. mg;gb
Mfhtpl;lhy; gzpafj;jpd; <Lghl;by; gazpj;J ehL G+uhf gutpa kPdt
mikg;G xd;iw fl;bnaOg;g Kbahky; ,Ue;jpUf;Fk;. tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;fpy;
tpahg;jp mile;j NghJ ,J kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdNjhL Fwpg;ghf Njrpa kPdt
kf;fs; Mizf;FOtpd; nraw;ghl;il Kd;ndLj;jy; ,q;F fs nraw;ghLfs;
kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ. jpUNfhzkiy khtl;l mikg;ig fl;bnaOg;gp
kPdt ,af;fq;fspd; ,izg;ig fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F njw;F kPdt ,af;fk;
fhuzfUj;jhthNjhL mq;F jpU. tp.vr;. fPu;jpghy (kupj;j) mtu;fspd; njhlu;G
kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ. mJ njhlu;ghf vy;. it. trd;j> r`d; ,rd;f> Mde;j
fkNf> kJf rk;gj; MfpNahu; jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; mu;g;gzpg;Gld; nraw;gLtij
ehk; ghuhl;LNthk;. Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpy; vg;NghJk; Kw;Nghf;F
[dehafk; kw;Wk; rkj;Jtj;jpw;fhf nraw;gLk; murpay; fl;rpfs; kw;Wk;
nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSld; xw;Wikahd nraw;ghl;ilf; fl;bnaOg;GNthk;.

mjd; ngWNgwhf vd;rhu r%Fthj fl;rpapy; k`pe;j Njtfu rNfhjuDld;

,ize;J fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; mk;ghiw khtl;l nraw;ghl;bd; Muk;gk;
njhlu;ghf jpU. mg;Jy; [g;ghUld; nghj;Jtpy; gpuNjrj;jpy; Kd;ndLj;Jr;
nrd;w gazk; khtl;l kPdt rq;fj;jpy; fl;bnaOg;Gk; tYTs;s kf;fs;
mbg;gilapy; mikg;G vd;w mstpw;F te;Js;sJ

nghJkf;fspd; kPdt Mizf;FO Clhf tlkhfhzj;jpy; njhlu;Gfis

Muk;gpf;f eltbf;if vLj;jNjhL> 2002k; Mz;L ,yq;if muR LTTE
(jkpo; <ok; Kd;dzp Gyp ,af;fk;) mikg;Gld; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l me;j
cld;gbf;ifapd; mtfhrj;jpy; Njrpa kPdt Mizf;FO Clhf aho;
khtl;l kPdt rk;Nksdj;Jld; njhlu;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; tha;g;G
vkf;F Vw;gl;lJ ,e;j nraw;ghl;by; tlkhfhz kPdt rk;Nksdj;jpd; jiytu;
jpU. B. jtuj;;dk; mtu;fspd; jiyaPLk; Nguhrpupau; #ir Mde;jDia
mu;g;gzpg;igAk; ehq;fs; ghuhl;LNthk;. mg;gb ,y;yh tpl;lhy; aho;g;ghzj;jpy;
kf;fs; Mizf;FOit Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tJ NghyNt tlf;F kPdtu;fspd;
,Oitkb gpur;rpid kw;Wk; ,lk; ngau;e;j kf;fspd; fhzp gpur;rpid>
jiyikj;Jt FLk;g ngz;fspd; Nghuhl;lk; njhlu;ghf

• 80 •
2002 Mz;L Kjy; jiyapLk; re;ju;g;gk; ,y;yhky; Ngha;tpl;lJ.
Fwpg;ghf kd;dhu; khtl;l kPdt kf;fSld; Kd;ndLj;j Nrw;W rKj;jpuk;
tha;f;fhy; mikf;Fk; nraw;ghl;bd; Clhf ghjpg;gpw;F cl;gLk; kd;dhu;
khtl;l kPdt gpui[fs; njhlu;ghd gpu;r;rpidapy; <LgLjYk;> mjd;gpd;
Ks;spf;Fsk;> gs;spKid> Krsp> mupg;G Mfpa gpuNjq;fspy; Aj;jj;jpdhy;
mdhijfshf;fg;gl;l kPdt gpui[fSld; kw;Wk; FLk;g jiyikj;Jt
ngz;fis xOq;fikg;gJk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lJ Krsp gpuNjr gpui[fSld;
njw;F gpuNjr gpui[fs; Kd;ndLj;j gupkhw;wy; epfo;r;rp ,e;j ,izg;Gfis
tYT+l;baJ. vt;thwhdhYk; 2002k; Mz;by; kl;lf;fsg;G gpuNjj;jpy; kPdt
njhopiy Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yjy; fs;suht V. Mde;jd; rNfhjuD}lhf
Muk;gpj;jNjhL mJ njhlu;e;J nry;yhjNjhL mJ kl;lf;fsg;gpy; Njrpa
kPdt Mizf;FOtpd; nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLj;J nry;tjw;F kw;Wk;
mwpf;iffis ntspapLk; nraw;ghl;Lld; gpd;jq;fpaJ. Mdhy; 2007k; Mz;L
Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l Rdhkpapy; ,Ue;J kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;Gk; kf;fs; jpl;l
Mizf;FOtpd; kw;Wk; 2008k; Mz;L gpu[h mgpyhr\ tiy mikg;gpy;
fhzp Mizf;FOtpd; nraw;ghLfs; Clhf Aj;jj;jpdhy; ,lk; ngau;e;j
kf;fspd; fhzp gpur;rpidf;F <LgLtjw;F typfhfz;b> fubadhW> nrq;fyb>
VwhT+u; gpuNjr kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk; nfhLg;gjw;F mtu;fis
xOq;fikg;gjw;Fk; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;ghf <Lgl;lJ.

,e;j tplak; njhlu;ghf Njitahd mbg;gil xOq;F nraw;ghl;by;

Clftpayhsu; jpUkjp. Rfyh Fkhup kw;Wk; gpud;rp]; uh[d;> gpu[h mgpyh\
,izg;ghsuhf Kf;fpakhd gq;fspg;ig toq;fpdhu;. vt;thwhdhYk; kPdt
nraw;ghLfs; Clhf kl;lf;fsg;G gpuNjrj;jpy; Kiwrhu;e;jgb Kd; vLj;Jr;
nry;Yk; Mw;wy; 2011y; `k;ge;Njhl;il khtl;lj;jpy; jq;fy;y vd;Dk;; ,lj;jpy;
elhj;jpa kPdt jpd nfhz;lhl;lj;NjhL Vw;gl;lJ

khj;jiw vy;. it trd;j rNfhjuupd; %j;j rNfhjud; fSj;Jiw> tlf;F

GypdjyhuhkNa njhlk;g`y = RFjh ngsj;j FU fSj;Jiw khtl;l
kPdt nraw;ghl;il fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F vkf;F cjtpaNjhL nraw;ghl;L
FOTld; ,e;j nraypd; ey;ypzf;f nraw;ghl;bw;F mUl; rNfhjup tz.
tpf;lupd; mtu;fspd; gq;fspg;G ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ jdJ tpfhiuapy;
vkJ gzpafj;ij elj;jpf; nfhz;L nry;tjw;Fk; fSj;Jiw khtl;l kPdt
xj;Jiog;G Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;Fk; RFjh FUtpd;
gq;fspg;ig nfsutg+u;tkhf epidT $WNthk.;

• 81 •
Njrpa kPdt kf;fs; Mizf;FO Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yy;

kPdt kf;fSf;F ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpur;rpifSf;F jPu;T NjLk;NghJ epiyNgwhd

kPdt nfhs;if xd;wpd; Njit Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;gpd; ftdk; nrYj;j
Ntz;ba xU fhuzkhFk;. mjd;gb kf;fs; nfhs;ifia jahupj;jy; 2002-
2004 tUl fhy fl;lj;jpy; Njrpa ntFrd kPdt Mizf;FOthf ehk;
Kd;nLj;Njhk;. ntFrd kPdt Mizf;FOtp;d; gpujpepjpfshf rl;lj;juzp
v];.[P. Gd;r;rpN`th (jiytu;) mzpy; #urpq;fMur;rp (Clftpayhsu;)
nfhNrk ill]; (kPdtu;) `u;kd; Fkhu (rptpy; nraw;ghl;lhsu;) (kPdt ngz;)
kw;Wk; gpupaju;\dp gpudhe;J Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G nfhs;if Ma;T
,izg;ghsuhf.) nraw;gl;Ls;shu;. Muk;g khtl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;j mbg;gil
jfty;fis Muha;e;j gpd; nray;Kiwahd fhuzq;fs; Clhf rl;lj;juzp
jpU. v];.[p. Gd;r;rp N`th ,e;j nraw;ghl;bypUe;J tpyfpaNjhL &FD
gy;fiyfofj;jpy; tptrha gPlj;jpd; Nguhrpupau; x];fh mkurpq;f mLj;JtUk;
jiytuhf kpfTk; mu;g;gzpg;Gld; ,e;j nraw;ghL njhlu;ghf jd;dpr;irahfNt
fye;Jf; nfhz;lij ed;wpAld; Fwpg;gpLNthk;. mt;thNw njw;F> Nkw;F>
tlf;F> fpof;F ehl;L kj;jpapy; Fsk; fl;ba ehL> nkhduhfiy Mfpa
ed;dPu;> ctu;ePu; fsg;GePu; kf;fSld; ntFrd Mizf;FOtpd; jfty;fis
gFg;gha;T nra;J vkJ mwpf;if jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ ,e;j KOikahd
nraw;ghl;bYk; kf;fs; Mizf;FOTld; Nru;e;J kPdt kf;fspd; Fuiy
ehLg+uhf ntspapLtjw;F Clftpayhsu; gpurhj; g+u;zpkhy; mtu;fspd;
gq;fspg;G ehk; kpfTk; rNfhjuj;Jtj;Jld; epidT $WNthk;.

ntFrd Mizf;FOTf;F mg;ghy; gazpj;jy; ,e;j nraw;ghl;by; kpf Kf;fpa

fhuzkhfpaJ. mjw;F fhuzkhtJ kPdt kf;fSf;fpilapy; fz;nlLj;j
tplaq;fspd; nry;YgbahFtij cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L Gjpa tplaq;fspy;
mwpf;iff;F Cl;lkspj;J kf;fspd; cjtpia ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf kf;fis
mwpTWj;jy; kw;Wk; gj;J ,yl;r;r ifnahg;g nraw;ghl;by; cs;spLtjw;F
eltbf;if vLj;jyhy; MFk;. 2003 ij Kjy; 2004k; Mz;L Mtzp tiu
xd;wiu tUlj;jpw;F mjpf fhykhf ,e;j nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;l vq;fSf;F
,Wjpahf 450>000 ifnahg;gq;fis jpul;bf; nfhs;s Kbe;jJ 2004k; Mz;L
kPdt mikr;ruhf ,Ue;j jpU. re;jpuNrd tpN[rpq;f mtu;fspd; mikr;rpd;
nrayhsUf;F ,e;j mwpf;if kw;Wk; ifnahg;gq;fis xg;gilj;j ehk;
mjd; gpd; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l re;ju;g;gj;jpy; MizFO mwpf;ifapy; cs;spl;l
tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf fUj;Jg;gfpu;T xd;iw mikr;rUld; Nkw;nfhz;Nlhk.;

• 82 •
mq;F ,tu; Fwpg;gpl;ljhtJ kPdt mikr;Rk; Njrpa nfhs;if xd;iw
jahupg;gjw;F eltbf;if vLj;Js;sJ. ePqf ; s; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;j mwpf;ifapy;
cs;slq;fpa tplaq;fspy; 75 tPj mstpy; tplaq;fs; mikr;rpd; jahupf;fg;gl;l
nfhs;if Mtzj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Kf;fpakhd tplakhtJ
ckJ Mizf;FOtpd; jiytu;> mikr;rpd; kPdt nfhs;if jahupf;Fk;
FOtpd; jiytUk; MtjhFk;." mjd;gb Nguhrpupau; x];fh mkurpq;f mur
nfhs;if FOtpYk; jiyikj;Jtj;ij jhq;FtJ vkJ nraw;ghl;bw;F xU
typikahfpaJ. Mdhy; 2004 k; Mz;L khu;fop 26k; jpfjp Rdhkp fhuzkhf
kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; kw;Wk; kPdt mikr;rpd; nfhs;if kl;Lky;y
Rdhkp epthuz rigapd; Kd; nkhoptpw;F (PTOMS) re;jpupf;fh gz;lhuehaf;f
murpd; ,izfl;rpahfpa kf;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzpahy; Vw;gl;l gyj;j
vjpu;gG
; fhuzkhf mrrhq;fj;ij tpl;L mtu;fs; tpyfpajhy; kf;fs; tpLjiy
Kd;dzpapd; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduhd jpU. re;jpuNrd tpN[rpq;f mtu;fSf;Fk;
mikr;R gjtpapypUe;J tpyf Neupl;lJ. mj;Jld; ehk; fz;fhzpj;jjhtJ
Rdhkpapy; rpf;fpa kf;fSf;F tpUk;gj;jf;ff;$ba nfhs;ifnahd;iw jahupj;Jf;
nfhs;tjw;F ehl;Lf;F ,Ue;j Kf;fpakhd xU re;ju;gg
; k; ,of;fg;gl;ljhFk;.

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;gpd; epiyNgwhd kPdt nfhs;iff;F

ru;tNjrj;jpd; gpujpgypg;G
2004k; Mz;L Rdhkp fhuzkhf kPdt gpui[fSf;F kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd
Mz;lhdJ. 35000 Nkyhd kPdt kf;fspd; capu;fs; mope;jNjhL Rkhu; gj;J
,yl;r;rk; mstpy; ,lk; ngau;e;J> tPLfis ,oe;J mehijfshdhu;fs;.
Mdhy; Rdhkpf;F rupahf xU khjj;jpw;F 2004 fhu;j;jpif khjk; 17 Kjy;
24 tiu cyf kPdt rk;Nksdk; jdJ %d;whtJ nghJf;$l;lk; nfd;ahtpy;
fprpK efupy; elhj;jg;gl;lJ. mq;F rpW kPdtu;fSf;fhd nfhs;if xd;wpd;
Njit typAWj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J njhlu;ghf Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;
%yk; epiyNgwhd kPdt nfhs;if Mtzj;ij Ma;T nra;J nraw;gLj;j
Ntz;Lnkd fUj;Jgfpu;T xd;iw Kd;ndLj;jNjhL mUl;je;ij tz. Njhk];
nfhr;Nrup mbfs; vkJ nfhs;if mtzj;ij mq;fj;Jt ,af;fq;fSf;F
,ilapy; gfpu;e;Jf; nfhLj;jhu;. ,q;F ,e;j tplaq;fis Fwpg;gpLtjhtJ
,d;W ehk; ngWk; kfpikAld; nraw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F Kaw;rp nra;Ak;
SSF Guidelines d; Muk;gk; ,e;j nraw;ghl;bd; Clhf ele;jij epidT
$Wtjw;fhFk;. Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; kPdt Jiwf;F ngw;Wf;
nfhLj;Js;s gq;fspg;G vd;dntd;W tpdTk; kf;fSf;F ,e;j cjhuzj;ij
Kd; itj;jy; Kf;fpakhFk;.

• 83 •
2004k; Mz;L cyf kPdt rk;Nksdj;jpd; gpd; cUthfpa cyf czT kw;Wk;
tptrha mikg;gpd; kPdt rptpy; mikg;gpy; kPdt FO rptpy; mikg;ghf
,e;j Kd;nkhopT Kd;dpiygLj;jg;gl;lJ. mjd; gpujpgydhf 2008k; Mz;L
jha;yhe;jpd; ngq;nfhf; efupy; Securitng Sustainbale Small Scale Fisheries (4SSF)
khehL cyf cyf kw;Wk; tptrha mikg;G %yk; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;lJ.

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fKk; ehyf nuhirNuh> rkpj; nuh`hd;> fPjh

yf;kpdp> V. [atjp kw;Wk; Gj;jpfh gpudhe;J cl;gl;l FOnthd;W cyf kPdt
rk;Nkydj;jpd; gpujpepjp FOtpw;F mika gq;fspf;fg;gl;ldu;.

,e;j khehl;bd; gpd; Kd;ndLj;j MNyhrid nraw;ghL Clhf ,yq;ifAk

cl;gl 14 ehLfspd; gq;fspg;gpy; SSF Guidelines Kjy; tiuit jahupj;jJ
mjd;gb 2014 Mz;L Mdp khjk; cld;gl;L nraw;gLtjw;F Kaw;rp nra;Ak;
VGSSF gue;j gq;fspg;gpy;> kf;fspd; tpopg;Gzu;Tld; rpW kPdt kf;fspd;
epiyNgwhd tho;f;if epyikia cWjpgLj;Jk; jd;pr;ir nfhs;ifahFk;.
mjd; Kd;Ndhbfshf ,Uj;jy; ehk; ngw;w ghf;fpak; vd Fwpg;gpLNthk;.

ntspehLfspy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;l kPdtu;fis tpLtpg;gjw;fhf

Kd;ndLj;j nraw;ghLfs;

,tq;ifapy; gy;jpd kPdt njhopypy; <Lgl;l kPdtu;fs; Fiwe;j tjpfs;

kj;jpapy;> gy thuq;fshf Mo;flypy; cyfpYs;s ghJfhg;gpy;yhj njhopypy;
<Lgl;Ls;sdu;. ehl;Lf;F ntspehl;L nryhtzpia nfhz;LtUtjw;F
gq;fspg;ig mspg;gjdhy; ehl;bd; kPdt njhopypd; nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fs;
gy;jpd glFfis gad;gLj;jp Mo;flypy; kPdt njhopiy Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhf
nraw;gLk;. Mdhy; J}ujp\;lkhtJ Mo;flypy; Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;l glNfh
my;yJ ntspehl;by; ifJ nra;ag;gl;l glnfhd;iw tpiutpy; tpLtpj;Jf;
nfhz;L jdJ jha; ehl;bw;F nfhz;L tUtjw;F mur <Lghl;bd; epyik
ftiyf;FupajhFk;. 1999 k; Mz;by; Nky;khfhzk; kw;Wk; tlNky;
fiuNahuj;jpd; NgUty> ePu;nfhOk;G> rpyhgk;> fw;gpl;b JiwKfk; mz;ba
35 gy;jpd glFfspy; kPdt njhopyhsu;fs; 185 Ngu; ,e;jpahtpd; gytpjg;gl;l
gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; ifJ nra;J ePz;l fhykhf jq;fitj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;sNjhL
mtu;fis tpLtpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;W ,yq;if muRf;F
,Uf;ftpy;iy. kPdt njhopyhspfspd; kidtpkhu; jdJ fztd;khu; ve;j
glfpy;> ve;j glF cupikahsupd; fPo; Nrit nra;jhu;fs; vd;;gJk;$l mwpahJ

• 84 •
mg;ghtpfshdNjhL gps;isfSf;F cz;z cztpd;wp> gs;spgbg;gpd;wp
ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fs; r%f gpur;rpidfSf;F$l Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;whu;fs;.
kjj;jiytu;fs;> murpay;thjpfs;> mtu;fspd; ez;gu;fs;> mur mjpfhupfs;
midtuJ gpd;dhy; nrd;whYk; ngz;fspd; mty epiyf;F tpiutpy; jPu;T
fpilf;ftpy;iy. xU glfpy; flYf;Fr; nrd;w kPdtu;fs; Ie;J Ngu; my;yJ
MW Ngu; ahu; vd;W Gupe;Jf;nfhs;s Mw;wy; ,y;yhj ngz;fSf;F $l;lhf
ahNjDk; xU Kaw;rp %yk; jdJ fztu;fis tpLtpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;
mtfhrk; ,y;iy. ePu;nfhOk;gpy; nraw;gLk; mikg;G Clhf ,e;j gpur;rpid
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpw;F njuptpj;jNjhL fSj;Jiw> ePu;nfhOk;G>
Gj;jsk; khtl;l mikg;G nraw;ghl;bd; gpujpgydhf ,e;j gpur;rpif;F Njrpa
uPjpahf mtjhdj;ij ntd;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F nraw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. MW khj
fhykhf 2000k; Mz;L Ig;grp Kjy; ,OgupTgl;l gpur;rpidf;F Njrpa uPjpapYk;
mg;ghy; ,e;jpahtpy; SIFFS kw;Wk; NFF mikg;GfSld; ,ize;J nraw;gLj;jpa
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujpgydhf rpy kPdtufs;> mjd;gpd; ,d;Dk; %d;W
khjq;fSf;gpd; rpy tpkhdpfSk; tpLtpj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Njrpa kl;lj;jpy;
murpay;thjpfisAk; ,izj;Jf; nfhz;L cau; kPdt mjpfhupfSld;
GJby;ypapy; mur nghwpKiwapyhd fUj;Jg;gfpu;T Clhf kPdt kf;fis
tpLtpj;Jf; nfhs;Stjw;F Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; gpujpepjpfspd;
cjtp fpilj;jJ. ,e;j kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; ,d;Dk; tYT+l;lg;gl;l xU
Ntiyj;jpl;lkhtNjhL Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;Gld; ,ize;J flikahw;wpa
Xu; mikg;ghd kPdt mgptpUj;jp xj;Jiog;G ikak; ,e;j tplaj;jpw;Fupa xU
epjpg;gpur;rpidia mbg;gilahff;nfhz;L kPdt xj;Jiog;gpypUe;J tpyfpaJ.
vd;whYk; ,jpy; Kf;fpa fhuzkhtJ ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fs; tYTs;s kPdt
ngz; mikg;nghd;iw cUthf;fp Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;Jld;
,ize;jjhFk;. 2001k; Mz;L MFk; NghJ rpuptu;jd gpuNjrj;jpy; nkhupd;
gpudhe;J rNfhjupapd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpy; = tpKf;jp kPdt ngz;fs; mikg;G
ePu;nfhOk;G gpuNjr nrayhsu; nrayfj;jpy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;L vq;fSld;
,ize;Jf; nfhz;lJ. ,J Kf;fpa fhuzkhf Fwpg;gpLtJ Xu; Mu;g;ghl;lk;
Clhf xU fj;jpiag; Nghy; jPl;lg;gl;l ngz;fs; xU rf;jpAs;s kf;fs; mikg;ghf
xOq;fikf;fg;gl;lJk;> ,J midj;Jk; ,Jtiu jdJ tPl;bypUe;J ntspNawp
r%f nraw;ghl;by; <Lglhj ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fspd; ngz;fshtjhFk;.

,e;j nraw;ghl;by; tp. tpNtfhde;jd;> mkuhtjp ngd;;r;rpyh]; Nfhgp Mfpa

rNfhjuu;fs; NghyNt V. mUshde;jd; (kupj;j) mUl;je;ij tz. Njhk];
nfhr;Nrup (kupj;j) MfpNahupd; gq;fspg;ig ehk; nfsutj;Jld; epidT
$WNthk;.

• 85 •
Rdhkp Nguoptpw;F Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd;
gpujpgypg;G ………

KO cyifNa mjpu;r;rpapu;rpapy; Mo;j;jp ,e;jpa rKj;jpuj;jpy; mike;Js;s

14 ehLfspy; %d;W ,yl;r;rj;jpw;F Nkyhd kf;fspd; capu;fs; mope;J ,;d;Dk;
kpy;ypad; fzf;fpy; clikfs;> tPLfis ,oe;J ,lk;ngaur; nra;J 2004k; Mz;L
khu;fop 26k; jpfjp Vw;gl;l Rdhkp> kPdt nghUshjhuj;jpw;F kl;Lky;y> kPdt
Rw;whly;> kPdt kf;fs; r%fk;> kPdt ,izg;Gfs; my;Nyhyfy;Nyhyg;gl;lJ.
,yq;ifapy; kl;Lky;y 35>000 f;F fpl;ba kf;fspd; capu;fs; mope;jNjhL
gj;J ,yl;r;rk; mstpy; ,lk; ngau;e;jdu;. KO cyfKk; mjpu;r;rp mile;J
mstpl Kbahj gupj;jpahfj;Jld; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltufspd; Gdu;tho;tpd; NghJ
Kjyhspj;Jt Kiwia eilKiwgLj;Jk; epjp epWtdq;fs; Fwpg;ghf kj;jpa
tq;fp Kd;te;jJ .Build Back Better Nfhrq;fs; Kd;epiy gLj;jpahFk;. ,jw;F
,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; gpujpgypg;ghdJ fiuNahu gpuNjrj;ij kPdtu;fSf;F
,of;fr;nra;J fiuNahu ghJfhg;G tiyakhf ngupl;lhFk;. ,jw;F xUtpjkhd
tpQ;Qhd uPjpahd mbg;gilAk; ,y;iy. ehl;il kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;
njhlu;ghf [dhjpgjp epakpj;j TAFREN (Task Forc For ReBuilding) (Rdhkpf;F
gpd;dhy; ,yq;iff;F te;J Rdhkpia fz;fhzpj;jy;) mzpapd; 14 Ngu;>
Rw;Wyhj; Jiwia ,yf;fhf nfhz;L ehl;il fl;bnaOg;Gk; Kd;nkhopnthd;iw
Kd;dpiy gLj;jpaNjhL mjD}lhf fiuNahuj;jpy; Rw;Wyh tpLjpfs;>
flw;fiuNrhiyfs; epu;khdpg;gjw;fhf xJf;fg;gl;L fiuNahu kPdtu;fis
flw;fiuapy; ,Ue;J ePf;Fk; jpl;lq;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ gpurpj;jpngw;w
vOj;jhsu; Kjyhspj;Jt nraw;ghl;il tpku;rdj;jpw;F cl;gLj;Jk; tpku;rfu;
eNahkp epNydp jdJ E}ypy; ,ij mwpKfg; gLj;jpapUg;gjhtJ — Shock
Doctrine" Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpd; mdu;j;j nraw;ghL vd;whFk;. mjdhy;
vkJ gpujpgypg;Gk; epthuzk;> khzpak;> Gdu;tho;T NghyNt tof;fk;Nghy;
nfhs;if nraw;ghLk; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lJ. Hiroes, Misereor, CAFOD
mikg;GfSf;F mg;ghy; ,d;Dk; gy cwtpdu;fs; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G
,af;fk; Clhf Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F epthuzk; mspg;gjw;F Kd;
te;jdu;. tiyfs;> ,ae;jpuq;fs;> glFfs; Nghd;w kPdt cgfuzq;fSf;F
Nkyjpfkhf tPLfis epu;khdpg;gjw;fhf rYif toq;Ftjw;F fSj;Jiw>
mk;ghiw> ePun ; fhOk;G> jpUNfhzkiy> `k;gd;jN ; jhl;il> fhyp> khj;jiw
tiu vq;fshy; Kbe;jJ. mNjNghy; kpfTk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fis mz;b
; hzk;> kw;Wk; kl;lf;fsg;G gpuNjrq;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf LTTE Ml;rp
aho;gg
nra;j Ky;iyj;jT
P khttl;lj;jpw;F$l epthuzk; toq;f vq;fSf;F Kbe;jJ.

• 86 •
Mdhy; Rdhkp kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;Gjy; njhlu;ghd nraw;ghl;bd; kf;fspd;
ghJfhg;G toq;Fjy; njhlu;ghf nfhs;if rhu;e;j <Lghl;bw;fhd Njitapd;gb
kf;fs; jpl;l Mizf;FOit fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F> fhzp kw;Wk; tptrha
rPu;jpUj;j mikg;G> [dtNghj ikak;> If;fpa kPdt njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu];>
rtpj;jpup ngz;fs; mikg;G kw;Wk; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;Jld;
,ize;J kf;fs; Mizf;FO Clhf jahupj;j kf;fs; Mizf;FOtpd;
mwpf;ifia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L kf;fspd; thOk; cupik> fhzpf;F>
flw;fiuNahuj;jpw;F cs;s cupik njhlu;ghf cl;gl ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd;
cupikf;fhf Fuy; vOg;gg;gl;lJ. tiyaikg;G Clhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd;
cupikfSf;fhf nraw;gLk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kf;fs; jpl;l Mizf;FO ClhfTk;
fhl;rpaspf;Fk;. ,e;j nraw;ghL G+uhf Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;Gld; ,ize;Jf;
nfhz;L mij eilKiwgLj;jpa Rfyh Fkhup rNfhjupAk; kf;fs; Mizf;FO
Clhf Rdhkp rPu;jpUj;j nraw;ghl;bw;F nfhs;if uPjpahf <Lghl;il Vw;gLj;j
Ntz;Lnkd Kd;nkhope;J mij eilKiwgLj;jpa nkhd;yhu; ruj; gpudhe;J
rNfhjuu; (kupj;j) If;fpa kPdt njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu]pd; jiytu; yPd];
[ajpyf (kupj;j) nrayhsu; ruzghy j rpy;th>(kupj;j) rNfhjuu; [dtNghj
ikaj;jpd; rl;lj;juzp Gyj;rpq;fs rNfhjuUk; rtpj;jpup mikg;gpd; epiwNtw;W
nrayhsu; gj;kh G\;gfhdj;;jp rNfhjup MfpNahiu nfsutj;Jld; epidT
$w Ntz;Lk;.

AHI (Mrpah Rfhjhu epWtdk;) kw;Wk; kf;fs; gq;fspg;G

xd;wpize;j gpuhe;jpa mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghL…

gpahl;]; (PIADS) (Participatory Integrated Area Divolopment )

1999k; Mz;L Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;gpw;F cupa Kf;fpakhd Mz;lhfpaJ.

,af;fj;jpd; nraw;ghl;lhsu;fspd; Mw;wy;> jpwikfs;> mwpT kw;Wk; kdg;ghq;F
Mfpatw;wpd; tpUj;jp njhlu;ghf <Lghl;bd; Njitia nfhs;if uPjpahf
Vw;Wf; nfhz;l ehq;fs; mJ njhlu;ghf cs;s Njrpa ru;tNjr uPjpahd
midj;J re;ju;g;gq;fisAk; cgNahfpj;Jf; nfhs;SNthk;. kpf mwptpd;>
jpwdpd; NghyNt kdg;ghq;Ffspd; G+uzkhfpa nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSf;F vkJ
r%f vkJ gpujhd Nehf;fkhFk;.

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; xU nraw;ghl;lhsu; Mrpa Rfhjhu

epWtdj;jpd; ru;tNjr jiyikj;Jt mgptpUj;jp ghlnewpf;fhf ILDC

• 87 •
Kd;nkhopAkhW mwptpj;jjhy; mr;rkak; epWtdj;jpy; njhlu;ghly; nraw;ghl;by;
nghWg;ghsuhf ,Ue;j jpU. B.vk;. v];. jprhdhaf mtu;fspd; ngau; njupT
nra;ag;gl;lhYk; mtu; murhq;f epakdk; xd;W ngw;W Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G
,af;fj;ij tpl;L tpyfpajhy; vq;fSf;F gapw;rp ngw ,Ue;j re;ju;g;gk;
rl;l uPjpahf ,of;fg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,yq;ifapy; ,d;DnkhU gq;fhspapd;
ntw;wplj;jpy; mUl;Nfhjup tz. tpf;lupd; mtu;fspd; gq;fspg;Gld; ,yq;ifapy;
gapw;rpfSf;F (Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpy; mq;fj;Jtk; tfpf;Fk;)
xU ngaiu Kd;nkhopAkhW me;j epWtdj;jpd; epiwNtw;W nrayhsu;
Dr. rhu;Nlh `pfUtplkpUe;J Xu; miog;G fpilj;jNjhL Njrpa kPdt
xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; mikg;ghsu; `u;kd; Fkhu ,jw;fhf ngauplg;gl;lhu;.
,J njhlu;ghf AHI epWtdk; mjprag;gl;lhYk; mij Vw;Wf; nfhs;StNjhL
ag;ghdpy; eNfhah efupy; 1999k; Mz;L Gul;lhjp 03k; jpfjp Kjy; Ig;grp
07k; jpfjp tiu Ie;J thu fhykhf ngw;Wf; nfhz;l gapw;rpfspy; `u;kd;
ngw;Wf; nfhz;l mwptpd;gb xU Kf;fpakhd nraw;Kiwahf PIADS Kd;dpiy
gLj;jpa NghJ gpypg;gPdpy; ,Nuhrpd; efuj;jpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsuhd Nkupad;
ngNuuh]; mtu;fspd; tpdh MtJ ,yq;ifapd; murpay; tha;g;gpy; rptpy;
r%f mikg;GfSf;F xU re;ju;g;gk; ,y;iyahdhy; mur> murrhug;gw;w.
murpay; kw;Wk; kf;fs; mikg;Gfis xd;wpizj;Jf;nfhz;L nghJ>
xd;wpize;j mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw vt;thW Kd;ndLj;Jr;
nry;tJ vd;gjhFk;. `u;kd; Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jpa r%f> murpay;> nghUshjhu
tha;g;gpw;Fs; mJ kpfTk; epahakhd gpur;rpidahdNjhL tUlk; 2000 Kjy;
2008 tiu fUtyf];ntt gpuNjrj;jpy; "nrdrpyp" mikg;gpy; jpU. <. V. lg;.
gz;lhu mtu;fs; (jw;Nghija cjtp fy;tp gzpg;ghsu;) Muk;g jiyaPl;by;>
mg;NghJ ,Ue;j MdkLt ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu; B. vk;. jrdhaf;f (kupj;j)
kw;Wk; fpyPl]; jgNuuh> V.V. [atj;jp Nghd;w kf;fs; jiytu;fspd;> gpuNjr
nrayhsu;fshd Xa;T ngw;w B.gP. uj;dkyy> re;jpurpup (jw;Nghija Nffhiy
murhq;f mjpgu; kw;Wk; gpuNjr jtprhyu;fspd; gq;fspg;gpy; ,e;j gq;fspg;gpy;
,e;j nraw;ghL Kd;nLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lJ.)

,e;j Ntiyj;jpl;lk; jPu;f;fkhd kw;Wk; cfe;j xU epyikf;F nfhz;Ltu

gapw;rp mzpapypUe;J ,e;j nraw;ghl;bd; ,uz;lhtjhf ,ize;J flikahw;w
Kd;te;j jpU. gpupaq;fu nfh];jh nraw;gl;lNjhL mtuJ <Lghl;by; PIADS
njhlu;ghf ey;y tpopg;Gzu;T kw;Wk; ];jhgpj;jy; gpuNjr nraw;ghl;by;
epiwNtwpaij ed;wpAld; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;bAs;sJ ,e;j nraw;ghl;by; Njrpa
kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; gpujpepjpahf mq;F epu;thf nrayhsu; jpUkjp.
• 88 •
fPjh epy;kpzp gapw;rp mzpapy; jiytpahf mUl;rNfhjup tz. tpf;lupAk;
ngy;l;uh epWtdj;jpd; jpU. rkd; `kd;nfhl kf;fs; Rfhjhu epWtdj;jpd;
gzpg;ghsu; jpU. mN]hf fUzhuj;d MfpNahupd; gq;fspg;ig ,q;F
epidT$WNthk;.

,e;j nraw;ghL G+uhf Mrpahtpd; Rfhjhu epWtdj;jpd; ,yq;if

rhu;g;gpy; cs;s gpujpepjpahd jpUkjp. kAkp atrhf;fp Kd; itj;j gpujhd
gpur;rpidahdJ> Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; kPdt mikg;ghf
,Uf;Fk;NghJ fUtyf];ntt Nghd;w tptrhaj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
xU gpuNjrj;jpy; PIADS nraw;gLj;JtNjd;?. vd;gjhFk;. mJ tuNtw;ff;$ba
tpdhthdhYk; gjpy; vkf;F njspthfpd;wJ.

- PIADS nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F jFe;j mur jiyikj;Jtk; jFe;j xU tha;g;ig

ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdu; B.vk;. jrdhaf(kupj;j) ,ij ngw;Wj;je;jhu;.

- jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;fhf mu;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fspd;

mikg;G

- mikg;Gfs;- gpuhe;jpa tptrha mikg;G kw;Wk; kf;fs; jiytu;fSld;

xd;wpizjy;

- mur mjpfhupfspd; cjtp – PIADS tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F kw;Wk;

nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F gy mjpfhupfis mwpe;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLjy;.

- epytpa murpay; tha;g;gpy; nraw;gLtjw;F rptpy; mikg;GfSf;Fs;s

Mw;wy;-- nrdrpyp

- Kfhikj;Jk; nra;tjw;F trjpahd epytpay; gpuNjrj;jpy; kw;Wk; kf;fspd;

gpur;rpidfs;.

- ,aw;if tsq;fs; kw;Wk; kdpj tsk; (mu;g;gzpj;j) xd;W ,Uj;jy;

Nghd;w gy fhuzq;fshy;

• 89 •
PIADS nraw;ghL njhlu;ghf fUtyf];ntt gpuNjrk; cfe;jjhdJ. ,jw;F
Nkyjpfkhf khw;Wtop mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; XU gapu;r; nra;ifia ifahz;L
ghu;g;gjw;F fUtyf];ntt ePyngk;ikia mz;ba ,aw;if gris
gz;izia vkJ gapw;rpfSf;fhf eLepyikahf ehk; nraw;gLj;jpNdhk;.
,isQu;fs; kw;Wk; tptrhapfs;> ngz;fSf;F gapw;rpaspj;jy;>

gapw;rpfis eilKiwgLj;Jtjw;fhf epjpKiw xd;iw fl;bnaOg;GtJ vkJ

nraw;ghl;by; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lJ. kf;fs; mgptpUj;jp xj;Jiog;G ikaj;jpy;
V.V. [atjp> kf;fs; Rfhjhu epWtdj;jpd; mNrhf fUzhuj;d> ud;gj; tptrha
gapw;rp epiyaj;jpd; jiytu; N[hrg; gpudhe;J> Muk;gj;jpy; nrdrpyp mikg;gpd;
<. V. lg;. gz;lhu MfpNahu; jpU. gpupaq;fu nfh];jhTld; ,e;j nraw;ghl;by;
ngw;Wj;je;j gq;fspg;G ngUikAld; epidT $WNthk;.

2008k; Mz;L MFk; NghJ Mrpa Rfhjhu epWtdk; cjtp nra;tjpypUe;J

tpyfpaNjhL vkJ ,af;fj;jpd; flikfs; xOq;F Kiwahf nra;tjw;F
Kbahky; NghdhYk; vkJ ,aw;if tptrha gz;iz kf;fSf;F Njitahd
gapw;rpfis ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F njhlu; nraw;gLj;JNthk;.

rkhjhdk;> ey;ypzf;fk; kw;;Wk; ,dq;fSf;fp;ilapyhd cwT

26 tUl fhykhf tlf;fpYk; fpof;fpYk; kf;fs; cl;gl xl;Lnkhj;j ehl;L

kf;fSk; Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lNjhL Mapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fs;; capu;fspd;
mopTfs; gpujhdkhf> rKjhaj;jpw;F cupikahf;fpa mq;ftPd kf;fs;> jdJ
FLk;gj;jpy; tUkhdk; <l;ba fztd;khiu ,oe;J> fhzhky; Mf;fg;gl;ljpdhy;
my;yJ nfhiy nra;jjhy; FLk;gj; jiyikj;Jtk; nfhz;l ngz;fs;>
fztid ,oe;j gps;isfs;> Aj;jj;jpdhy; clikfis ,oe;j kf;fs;>
,lk; ngau;e;j gpui[fs;> ehl;il tpl;Lr; nrd;w mfjpfs; Mapuf;fzf;fy;y
,yl;r;rf;fzf;fhFk;. Aj;jj;jpd; jP mize;jhYk; me;j jPapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
kf;fs; tho;f;if tlf;fpYk;> njw;fpYk;> ehL G+uhfTk; rhk;gSf;Fs; kiwe;Js;s
jPia NghyhtJ ,ufrpaky;y. me;epNahd;a ek;gpf;if ,of;fg;gl;ljhy; kw;Wk;
mituJk; cz;ikahd epyikia njhlu;ghly; nra;a Kbahky; Nghdjhy;
mtek;gpf;if kw;Wk; tpsf;fk; mw;w epiyapy; vkJ vjpup jkpod;> rpq;fstd;
vd;w rpe;jidapy; vjpupfshf ,d;Dk; tho;e;J tUfpd;Nwhk;. ,jD}lhf
ehlbd; kpfTk; J}ujp\;l epyikf;F ehl;il cUthf;fpa rpy kjj;jiytu;fs;
,Ug;gNjhL ,dj;jpd; kPl;gtu;fshf>

• 90 •
murpay;thjpfspd; MrPu;thjj;jpy; kw;Wk; mDruizapy; ,dq;fSf;fpilapy;
JNtrj;ij Vw;gLj;jp> Clfq;fSf;F Clhf mtw;iw cau;j;jpf; fhl;Ltjhy;
,e;j ftiyf;Fupa epiy ,d;Dk; Kk;Kwkhf fhzg;gLk;. fhyj;jpw;F
fhyk; Njhd;Wk; jiytu;fs; ,dj;ij kPl;Lf;nhs;Sk; Ngupy; mjpfhuj;ij
ngw;Wf; nfhs;s> rpq;fs ngsj;j kjj;ij Nkd;ik gLj;Jtij njhlu;e;J
nra;Jf; nfhz;L tUfpd;wdu;. Mdhy; rpq;fs> jkpo;> K];yPk;> gwq;fpau;>
Mjpthrpfs; cl;gl midj;J kf;fSf;fpilapy; rkj;Jtk;> r%f epahaj;jpy;
nraw;gLjy;> me;epNahd;a tuNtw;G kw;Wk; nfsutpg;gjd; Clhf tpopg;Gzu;T
mLj;jtdpd; Ntjidia mwpe;Jf; nfhs;tjd; %yk; xw;Wikahf nraw;gl
Ntz;baij jplkhf ek;GNthk;. xU Aj;jj;jpdhy; mopNt xopa xUtpjkhd
r%f epahaj;ij fl;bnaOg;G KbahJ vd;gijAk; kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfSf;F
mjd; Clhf jPu;T fhz KbahJ vd;gijAk; ehk; fhl;bf;nfhLj;Njhk;.
mJ njhlu;ghf gf;frhu;ghf ,Ue;Njhk;. gy rkhjhd mikg;Gfs; kw;Wk;
nraw;ghLfs; muR kw;Wk; jkpo; <ok; Kd;dzp Gyp ,af;fj;Jld; rkhjhd
cld;gbf;if Kd;ndLj;j rkaj;jpy; rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fk; njhlu;ghf
ngupjhf fijf;Fk; Aj;jfhyj;jpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lhYk; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G
,af;fj;jpy; ehk; kpfTk; gaq;fukhd Aj;jfhyj;jpYk; $l Aj;jj;jpw;F vjpuhf
rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; ey;ypdf;fk; njhlu;ghf vt;tsT mr;RWj;jy;fs; kj;jpapy;
fbdkhd mtkhdq;fis vjpu;Nehf;fp nlhyu; fhf;iffs; vd ngau; #l;lg;gl;L
mikg;gpw;Fs; fhzg;gl;l vjpuhd fUj;JfSf;F kj;jpapy; jkpo; kf;fSf;F
kw;Wk; Aj;jj;jpw;F vjpuhf ,Ue;Njhk;. ,jd; gpujpgydhf 2002k; Mz;L khrp
11k; jpfjp re;jpupfh gz;lhu ehaf murpd; gpujpepjpahfpa udpy; tpf;fpukrpq;f
kw;Wk; vy;.B.B.<. jiytu; NtYg;gps;is gpuhgfuDf;F ,ilapy; Vw;gLj;jpf;
nfhz;l cld;gbf;if gpd;G rpq;fs> jkpo;> K];yPk; kf;fSf;fpilapy; ehk;
Kfk; nfhLj;jpUe;j r%f> nghUshjhuk; kw;Wk; murpay; ajhu;j;jj;ij
,dq;fz;Lf; nfhz;L mjd; mbg;gilapy; epiyahd jPu;Tfis fhz;gjw;F
tlf;F> njw;F> fpof;F> kj;jpa ehl;L kf;fis xd;wpizj;J nraw;ghl;bw;fhf
gue;j xU Kd;dzpia fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F kf;fSf;fpilapy; rkhjhdk; kw;Wk;
epiyahd mgptpUj;jpw;fhd fUj;Jg;gfpu;Tfis Muk;gpj;Njhk;. ,q;F ehl;bd;
neUf;fbf;F cl;gl;l nghJ kf;fisAk; ,izj;Jf;nfhz;L tlf;F kw;Wk;
njw;fpy; tptrhapfSf;fpilapy;> kPdtu;fSf;fpilapy;> njhopyhsu; kw;Wk;
kiyaf kf;fSld; ,e;j nraw;ghl;by; gaq;fukhd Kiwapy; ghjpg;Gf;Fl;gl;l
ngz;fSf;fpilapYk; fUj;Jg; gfpu;nthd;iw eilKiwgLj;Jtjw;Fk;> mjD}
lhf ehk; midtUk; Kfk; nfhLj;Js;s r%f> nghUshjhu>

• 91 •
murpay; ajhu;j;jk; kw;Wk; mq;F Gjpa ypguy; mbg;gilia tpsq;fpf;
nfhs;tjw;Fk;> gPlidf;fhd fhuzpfSf;F jPu;T NjLk; Njitia ehk;
r%fkakhf;fpNdhk;. Mdhy; ,J Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd;
Kaw;rp kl;Lky;y. ,e;j nraw;ghl;by; Kd;fhl;bfshf vq;fSld; ,ize;j
mjpfstpyhd kf;fs; vq;fSld; ,Ue;jdu;. fhzp kw;Wk; tptrha Jiwapy;
tptrha mikg;Gfspy; jiyikj;Jtk; jhq;fpa ruj; gpudhe;J ngz;fs;
nraw;ghl;L ,izaj;jpd; gj;kh G\;gfhd;jp kw;Wk; ngz;fs; rf;jp mikg;gpd;
Nuh`pdp tPurpq;f rNfhjupfSk; njw;fpy; vq;fSld; ,ize;jNjhL tlf;fpy;
tptrha mikg;gpy; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; toq;fp fpuhk njhopyhsu; mikg;gpy;
,d;gehafk; kw;Wk; kPdt Jiwapy; vd;.jtuj;dk; > #upaFkhu;> ,uh[re;jpud;
NghyNt aho;g;ghz gy;fiyfofj;jpd; Nguhrpupau; v];. #ir Mde;jDk;
ngz;fs; Jiwapy; ngz;fs; mgptpUj;jp mikg;gpd; rNuh[h rptre;jpud;
cl;gl gy gy rptpy; nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs;> gy;fiyfof fyhepjpfs;> khzt
khztpfs;> tptrhapfs;> kPdtu;fs;> tlf;F kw;Wk; njw;F kf;fspilapy;
2002 k; Mz;L Muk;gpj;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;T 20 tUlk; G+uhf njhlu;r;rpahf
Kd;ndLj;Jr; nrd;Nwhk;.

,e;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;T njhlu;ghf rYif toq;Ftjw;F Nehu;Ntapy; xU

gy;fiyfofj;jpy; Nrit nra;Ak; B. rd;Kfuj;dk; NguhrpupaUk;> mg;NghJ
`pNth]; epWtj;jpd; ,yq;if MNyhrfuhd igRd; rf;fupah kw;Wk; Nkdfh

fe;jrhkp MfpNahu; vq;fSld; ,ize;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. 2002 Mtzp khjk;

vkJ Muk;g fye;Jiuahly; aho;ghzj;jpy; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;lNjhL mjd;
gpd; gaq;fu Aj;jk; ele;j 2006 - 2009 fhy fl;lj;jpYk; rkhjhj;jpw;fhf vkJ
mu;g;gzpg;ig njhlu;e;J nraw;gLj;jpNdhk;. Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;
,e;j nraw;ghl;by; Kf;fpakhd gq;fspg;G fhuzkhf Muk;gj;jpNyNa ,e;j
nraw;ghl;il vq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L elhj;Jtjw;F njw;F kw;Wk;
tlf;F kf;fs; cld;gl;lJk;> mJ njhlu;ghd nraw;ghl;il Kd;ndLj;Jr;
nry;y md;ldp N[Rjhrd; mtu;fis ,izj;Jf; nfhz;lJk; Njrpa kPdt
xj;Jiog;G vd;w Kiwapy; Kf;fpakhd tplakhf Fwpg;gpLfpd;Nwhk;.

,e;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;T Clhf Rdhkp rkaj;jpYk;> gaq;fu Aj;j Nkhjy;fs;

rkaj;jpYk; Rdhkp nraw;ghL FO Kd;nkhopTfis Kd;itj;j rkaj;jpYk;>
gpd;du; Aj;jj;jpd; NghJ kf;fs; mg;ghtpfshf fhzg;gl;lNghJk; kdpf;ghk;
mfjp Kfhkpy; fhzg;gl;l kdpj cupik kPwypd; NghJk;>

• 92 •
,lk; ngau;e;j kf;fs;> fhzhky; Mf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; FLk;gq;fSf;F>
gps;isfSf;F epahaj;ij Vw;gLj;JkhWk;> ,e;jpa mfjpfs; kPz;Lk; jha;
ehl;Lf;F te;j NghJ kPz;Lk; gjpTf;fhf Njitahd rYiffs; kw;Wk;
mtu;fspd; clikfis kPz;Lk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Aj;jj;jpdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F Njitahd mbg;gil Njitfis ngw;Wj;jUk;
kdpjhgpkhd gzpia Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;YkhWk;> tlf;F kf;fspd; fhzp
cupikia> fiuNahuj;Jld; Rje;jpukhf tho;tjw;Fs;s cupik njhlu;ghfTk;>
me;j tsq;fis #iuahb Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yk; Kiwjtwpa mgptpUj;jp
fUj;jpl;lq;fs;> Rw;Wyh mikg;Gfs; NghyNt nghJ kf;fSf;F xg;gPl;lstpy;
jq;fitj;Js;s giltPuu;fs; kw;Wk; ,uhZt fhuzkhf nghJ kf;fSf;F
Fwpg;ghf ngz;fSf;F kw;Wk; AtjpfSf;F Vw;gLj;jpAs;s cly; uPjp;ahd
kw;Wk; cs uPjpahd ghjpg;Gfs; njhlu;ghf kPdtk; kw;Wk; tptrha kf;fSf;F
Neubahf ghjpf;fg; gLk; gpur;rpidfspy; tof;fkhf ,ize;J tlf;fpy; kw;Wk;
njw;fpy; xd;wpize;J Fuy; vOg;Gtjw;F ehq;fs; nraw;gl;Nlhk;.

kPdtid ghjpf;Fk; ,e;jpa ,Oitkb gpur;rpidf;F vjpuhf ehq;fs;

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jig;G vd;w Kiwapy; ,ize;Jf;nfhs;SNthk;.

2002k; Mz;L udpy; gpughfud; rkhjhd cld;gbf;iff;F gpd mt;tsT

fhykhf flYf;Fr; nrd;W njhopy; nra;a Kbahky; mg;ghtpfshf ,Ue;j
kPdt gpui[fSf;F flYf;Fr; nry;y kPz;Lk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilj;jJ. mg;NghJ
,yq;if flw;fiuNahuj;ij Mf;fpukpj;J njd; ,e;jpa kPdt Kjyhspkhupd;>
murpay;thjpfspd; ,Oit kbfs; vkJ fliy mopj;J ,Ue;jNjhL tlf;F
kPdtu;fs; mjw;F vjpuhf Fuy; vOg;Gtjw;F xU re;ju;g;gkhf rkhjhd tha;g;G
Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;lJ. ehq;fs; Muk;gpj;j kf;fs; ,ilNa fUj;Jg;gfpu;tpd;
gpujpgydhf ,e;j tha;g;ig ehk; mwpe;jpUe;jNjhL tlf;F kf;fs; aho;g;ghz
khtl;l nrayhsu; nrayfj;jpw;F Kd;dhy; 2003k; Mz;L Nkw;nfhz;l
nfhba cz;zhtpUe;jpw;F milahskhf cjtp nra;Ak; Kfkhf ePu;nfhOk;G
g]; jupg;G epiyaj;jpw;F Kd;dhy; xOq;F nra;Njhk;. cz;zh tpUe;jpy;
fye;Jf;nfhz;l tlf;F kPdt jiytu;fs; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G mikr;rpd;
mjpfhupfSf;F ,ilapy; ele;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;tpy; ,e;j tplaq;fs; Kf;fpakhf
tpdtpajhfTk; ePu;nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J cjtp nra;Ak; FO kw;Wk; tlf;F
kPdtu;fSf;fpilapy; njhlu;G vd;d vd;gJ ,e;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;tpy; Njhd;wpajhf
,e;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;tpw;F jiyikj;Jtk; nfhLj;j mg;NghJ tl khfhz kPdt
rq;f rk;Nksdj;jpd; jiytu; vd;. jtuj;dk; Kf;fpakhd gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy;
ed;wpia njuptpj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;.

• 93 •
,J ,dq;fSf;fpilapy; el;G> ey;ypzf;fk; kw;Wk; me;epNahd;a ek;gpf;ifia
fl;bnaOg;Gk; nraw;ghl;by; ehk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l ntw;wpfs; vd;gij Fwpg;gpl
Ntz;baNjhL kPdt gpui[fshf ,e;j nraw;ghl;by; njhlu;eJ ; Kd;Ndhf;fp
nry;tjw;F ,J xUtYthdij Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.

kf;fSf;fpilapyhd fUj;Jg;gfpu;T ru;tNjrj;jpw;F…………

2004k; Mz;by; ,e;jpa ,Oitkb gpur;rpid kpfTk; Kk;Kwkhd epiyia
mile;jNjhL ,yq;if kPdt gpui[fspd; gPlid jPtpukhf ,e;jpa kPdt
glF cupikahsu;fs; czu;ej ; du;. ,jd; gpujpgydhf 2004 Mtzp khjk; V.
mUshde;jd;> tp. tpNtfhde;jd; SIFFS, njd; ,e;jpa kPdt rq;f rk;Nksdk;
kw;Wk; ARIF gupjhg epiyapYs;s kPdtu;fis tpLtpf;Fk; mikg;G ,yq;ifapy;
gazpj;jNjhL Njrpa nrnlf; epWtdj;Jld; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;
,e;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;T njhlu;ghf Njitahd nraw;ghl;il Kd;ndLj;Jr; nrd;wJ
,e;jpa kPdt glF cupikahsUf;F ,yq;ifapd; Aj;j mfjpfshf;fp gPliz
kw;Wk; njhopy; Rghtj;ij mwpe;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F ,e;j tp[aj;ij xOq;F
nra;tjw;F vq;fshy; Kbe;jJ Fwpg;ghf kd;dhupy; Kd;dhy; Mau;(kupj;j)
,uhag;G N[hrg;> cjtp Mau; mUl;gzp tpf;lu; #ir cs;spl;l tlf;fpy; kPdt
jiytu;fSf;F epyikia kpfTk; njspthf Kd;itg;gjw;F ,J Kf;fpakhd
xU re;ju;gg; khdJ.

2004k; Mz;by; RdhkpNahL ,yq;if kPdt gpujpepjpfs; gyu; ,e;jpahTf;F

nrd;W jkpo;ehL kPdtu;fis re;jpg;gjw;F tpLj;j miog;ig nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F
vq;fshy; Kbahky; tpl;lhYk; Aj;jk; Kbe;J kPzL ; k; kPdt njhopiy
Muk;gpj;j 2010k; Mz;by; Ig;grp khjj;jpy; njd; ,e;jpa jkpo;ehL gpuhe;jpaj;jpy;
,uhNk\;tuj;jpypUe;J ky;ypgl;lzk;> n[ajhgl;lzk;> nfhNufhu; kw;Wk;
ehfgl;lzk; tiu 7 ehl;fshf efuj;Jf;F efuk; 25 mzp kPdt mur
mjpfhupfs;> fj;Njhypf;f rigia Nru;ej ; mUl;je;ijau;fs; kw;Wk; gpujppjpfs;>
gy;fiyfof fyhepjpfs;> Clfk; kw;Wk; rptpy; gpujpepjpfs; xd;wpize;J
Kd;ndLj;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;tpd; ,Wjp cld;ghL nrd;id efupy; fhzg;gl;l
jiytu;fSf;fpilapy; elj;jg;gl;lJ.

,yq;if muRf;fhf ,e;j cld;ghl;by; nghWg;Ngw;gjw;F mg;NghJ ,Ue;j kPdt

mikr;ru; uh[pj Nrdhuj;d cld;gl;bUe;jhYk; mtuJ gpujpepjpahfpa kPdt
gzpg;ghsu; ehafk; jpU. vd;. gjpud r%fkspj;jhu;. Mdhy; ,e;j cld;ghl;il
Vw;Wf; nfhs;s ,yq;if muR Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjNjhL mur nghwpKiw uPjpahf
KbntLf;f Ntz;ba fhuzNk xopa kPdtu;fspd; cld;ghl;il Vw;Wf; nfhs;s
KbahJ vd;gij" mtu;fspd; epiyNgwhdJ.

• 94 •
mjd;gb kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; njhlu;ghf <Lgl;L KbTfis NjLtjw;fhf
mtu;fSf;Fs;s cupikia Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj mjpfhuthj muRld; nraw;gl
Ntz;ba Kiw njhlu;ghf kPzL ; k; mDgtk; xd;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F
tlf;F kPdt gpui[fSf;F kw;Wk; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpw;F
Kbe;jJ Mdhy; ,e;j nraw;ghl;bd; Clhf ehk; gy ntw;wpfis
ntd;nwLj;Js;Nshk;. Fwpg;ghf 2011k; Mz;L gq;Fdp 13k; jpfjp ePun
; fhOk;gpy;
cs;s vkJ gzpafj;jpw;F $ba ,e;j ,e;ja P kPdt fUj;Jg;gfpu;T nraw;ghl;by;
gq;Fgw;wpa kPdt jiytu;fs; kw;Wk; njw;F kPdt gpui[fSf;F ,ilapy;
mDgt gfpu;T xd;W eilngw;wNjhL tlkhfhz kPdt kf;fs; ,af;fk; vd;w
ngaupy; mikg;nghd;W fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;lJ. mq;F Muk;g jiytuhf jpU vd;.
jtuj;dk; mtu;fis mq;F gq;fspj;Njhu; VfG+u;tkhf njupT nra;jdu;. gpd;du;
,e;j mikg;G tlkhfhz kPdt kf;fs; xd;wpak; vd;w ngaupy; murpay;
fhuzq;fspd;gb gq;F nfhz;lNjhL ,Jtiu tlkhfhz kPdt gpui[fspd;
nghJ gpur;rpidfSf;F gpujpepjpj;Jtk; tfpf;Fk; fl;likg;ghf nraw;gLtJ
Kf;fpakhd ntw;wpahFk;.

kf;fspilNa ,e;epahtpy; ele;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;it gpujpgypg;gjw;F muR

Kd;te;jJ Vd;?

,e;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;tpy; kPdt gpui[fSf;F mg;ghy; mur mjpfhupfs;

,Utu; fye;Jf; nfhz;ldu;. SEDEC gpujpepjpfs; ,Utu;> tlkhfhzj;jpy;
kd;dhu; kw;Wk; aho;g;ghz kiwkhtl;lj;jpd; ,uz;L mUl;je;ijau;fs;>
Nguhrpupau; #ir Mde;jd;> ,uz;L Clftpayhsu;fs; kw;Wk; Njrpa
kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; ,Utu; cld; tlf;fpy; 04 fiuNahu
khtl;lq;fspy; 12 kPdt jiytu;fs; fye;Jf;nfhz;ldu;. ,tu;fSf;Fs;
XU SEDEC gpujpepjp xUtu; jhd; ,yq;if kPdt mikr;rupd;
gpujpepjpahf $l;lq;fspYk;> Clftpayhsiu jdpg;gl;l KiwapYk;
re;jpj;J fUj;Jfis Kd;itj;jNjhL gpujhd FOf;fisg; Nghy;
tof;fkhf ,e;j flikapy; <Lgl;ldu;. vkJ Muk;g kf;fs; re;jpg;G
uhNk\;tuk; jq;fr;rpklj;jpy; x Oq;F nra;tjw;F mUshde;jk; (kupj;j)
nraw;gl;lNjhL mJ mtUila gpwg;gplkhdJ. vkJ nraw;ghl;by;
tlkhfhz kPdt $l;LuT rq;f rk;Nksdj;jpd; jiytuhf ,Ue;J
kupj;j jtuj;dk; mtu;fSf;F ,e;jPa tPrh ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glhjjhy; kPdt FOtpd; jiytu;fSf;F gUj;jpj;Jiw
kPdt jiytu; #upaFkhu; njupTnra;ag;gl;lhu;.

• 95 •
 mtuJ jpwdhd nrhw;nghopT eq;fr;rpklk; kPdt kf;fspd; fz;fis
jpwe;jNjhL mjd; mbg;gilapy; Nguhrpupau; #ir Mde;jd;
$wpajhtJ "jkpo;ehL kf;fs; Aj;j rkaj;jpy; vkf;F ngw;Wf; nfhLj;j
cjtpfSf;F ehk; flikg;gl;Ls;Nshk;. mg;gb Mfhtpl;lhy; vkJ
kf;fspd; mjp;fkhNdhu; Aj;jj;jhy; kuzkile;jpUg;ghu;fs;. Mdhy;
jw;NghJ Aj;jk; Kbe;J tpl;lJ. vkJ kf;fs; gy ,d;y;fs; kj;jpapy;
tho;e;Jf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;. xU Gwk; ,e;jpa ,Oitkb
te;J vkJ fliy mopf;fpd;wJ. kWGwk; vkJ kPdt mikr;ru;
gj;jpupiffspy; ntspapl;L ,Ug;gjhtJ mtu;fspd; ee;jpf;fly; fsg;G
cs;spl;l tl fliy ePu;tho; capu; tsu;g;gpw;F rPdhTf;F thliff;F
nfhLg;gjhFk;. Aj;jj;jpdhy; mfjpfshfpa tlf;fpd; jkpo; kf;fSf;F
,uz;L fhy;fshy; epw;f KbAkhtJ vg;NghJ? ehq;fs; cq;fsplk;
NfhUtjhtJ vkJ fliy mopf;Fk; ,Oitkbfis vkJ fly;
vy;iyf;Fs; mDg;g Ntz;lhk; vd;gjhFk;. vq;fSld; ,Ue;j xU egu;
,e;j kPdt mikr;rUf;F cldbahf gpioahd Kiwapy; njhlu;ghly;
nra;J ,e;j FOTld; Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj tpopg;Gzu;Tld; nraw;gl;ljhf
tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tJ ,e;j gazj;jpw;F Kd; xj;Jiog;Gld; ,Ue;j
mikr;rupd; nrayhsu; gazj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij mwpf;ifapLtjw;fhd
re;ju;g;gj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F kPz;Lk; mtiu njhiyNgrp %yk;
miof;Fk;NghJ vq;fSf;F mtu; fhl;ba gpujpgypg;gpdhyhFk;.

mtu; vk;kplk; Nfl;ljhtJ ahu; ,e;j Nguhrpupau; #ir Mde;jd;? mtu;

ehl;Lf;F vjpuhf> vkJ mikr;rUf;F vjpuhf flikahw;wp ,Uf;fpd;whu;.
mikr;rUld; elj;jg; NghFk; fUj;Jg; gfpu;Tf;F Kd; mtw;iw njspT
gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. Mdhy; mjd;gpd; mikr;rUld;
xUtpjkhd fye;JiuahlYk; ,J njhlu;ghf fpilf;fg;ngwhjNjhL
mtu; Clfj;jpw;F ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jpUe;j ntspaPLfs; %yk; vkf;F
nra;j KiwghLfis ehk; mwpe;Jf;nfhz;Nlhk;.

- kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; kw;Wk; tlf;fpy; Nru;j;Jf; nfhz;l kPdt

FO xd;iw ,e;jpahTf;F nrd;W ,e;jpa kPdtu;fSf;F vkJ
flYf;F te;J njhopy; nra;Ak; re;ju;g;gj;ij ngw;Wj; jUtjhFk;.

- kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; tlf;fpy; jkpo; <ok; Kd;dzp Gyp

,af;fj;ij rhu;e;jtu;fis nfhz;L nrd;W ,e;jpah kf;fSld;
elhj;jpafye;Jiyuahly;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahj vdTk;.

• 96 •
- ,e;jpa muRld; fUj;Jg;gfpu;Tfs Kd;ndLg;gjw;F ,yq;if muR
vjpu;g;ghu;gjhfTk; kf;fspilNa elf;Fk; fUj;Jg;gfpu;Tfs; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;glhJ vd;gjhFk;. vkJ Kd;nkhopTfis Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj
NghjpYk; muR ,e;jpa kPdtu;fs; kw;Wk; kPdtu;fSf;fpilapy;
fUj;Jg;gfpu;it Nkw;nfhs;sYk; gpd;G vq;fSld; ,e;jpa gazj;jpy;
fye;Jf; nfhz;l kPtu;fis mtu;fspd; fUj;J gfpu;tpy; fye;Jf;
nfhs;SjYk; ehk; fz;l ntw;wpahFk;.

,e;j gazj;ij xOq;F nra;Ak; NghJ kfe;j ,uh[gf;\ [dhjpgjpapd;

mur Nguit ke;jpupahd lf;y]; Njthde;jk; MfpNahupd; <Lghl;by;
uh[pj Nrdhuj;d kPdt mikr;ru; ,e;jpaahTf;F te;J ,uz;L
ehl;L kPdt kf;fspd; cld;ghLfis nghWg;Ngw;gjw;F cld;gl;L
,Ue;jNjhL ,J njhlu;ghf rhd;Wgfpu;tjw;F SIFFS epWtdj;jpd;
jpU. tp. tpNtfhde;jd; mtu;fSf;F Kbe;jJ. gpd; epytpa murpay;
tha;g;gpy; uh[pj Nrdhuj;d mikr;ru; nrd;id efUf;F tuhjNjhL
mjw;F gjpyhf kPdt gzpg;ghsu; ehafk; jpU.vd;. gjpud te;J njuNk
kPdtu;fspd; cld;ghl;L Mtzj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhz;ljhf ,q;F
Fwpg;gpLtJ kPdt mikr;rupd; mDruiz ,y;yhky; mtUf;F mq;F
tu KbahJ vdTk;> muR kw;Wk; vq;fSf;Fs; cs;s cld;ghL
njhlu;ghf cWjpgLj;jf;$ba fhuzkhfTk; ,e;j gazj;jpy; kw;Wk;
cld;ghl;by; ehk; NtW xU Fwpg;ig ntspapl;L cs;sNjhL mJ Njrpa
kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpy; tuyhw;W Gfo;ngw;w nraw;ghlhf Fwpg;gpl
Ntz;Lk.; mjD}lhf fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l tlkhfhz kf;fspd; xd;wpak;
12 tUlkhf nraw;gLtNjhL gytpjg;gl;l murpay; fl;rpfs;> rptpy;
mikg;Gfs;> kf;fs; ,J tiuAk; mj;Jld; nraw;gLtJ kPdt kf;fs;
mikg;nghd;iw fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F> vkJ ,yf;Ffis miltjw;F
fpilj;j ,d;DnkhU re;ju;g;gk; vd;gij Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. Njrpa
kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; gytpj njhopy;El;g tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf
tl khfhz kPdt xd;wpaj;jpw;F Njitahf ,Ue;jhYk; murpay;
uPjpahf kw;Wk; fl;likg;G uPjpapy; RahjPdkhf gazpg;gijf; fhz;gJ
vkJ Kaw;rpapy; gpujpgydhf ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; epidT $WNthk;.

• 97 •
Njrpa kPdt njhopyhsu; rq;fj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gjy;………

cyf kPdt kf;fs; rk;Nksdj;jpd; (WFFP) jw;NghJ ,yq;ifapy;

mq;fj;Jtk; tfpf;Fk; xNu mikg;G Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G
,af;fkhFk;. mj;Jld; ,ize;j Vida mikg;Gfs; kw;Wk;
njhopw;rq;fk; mtu;fSf;F cupa fhuzj;jhy; cyf kPdt rq;fj;jpy;
,Ue;J tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;
ahNjDk; xU nraw;ghl;by; njhlu;e;J ntw;wpfukhf Kd;Ndhf;fp
nry;tJ vkJ ,ay;ghFk;. mjd;gb ehk; ,Jtiu njhlu;e;J me;j
nraw;ghl;by; <LgLtNjhL mjD}lhf ehk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l ntw;wpfs;
gy. cyf kPdt rk;Nksdj;jpd; Muk;g ,izg;ghsuhd mUl;gzp
Njhk]; fr;Nrup mtu;fs; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; vq;fis
kPdt njhopw;rq;fnkhd;W Clhf <Lghl;by; kPdt kf;fspd; cupikfis
ntd;nwLf;f KbAnkd ,e;jpahtpy; kPdt njhopw;rq;fj;jpd; (NFF)
mDgt%lhf vk;ik tYT+l;bdhu;. ,jw;F cjTtjw;fhf Nfuyhtpy;
,Ue;J ,yq;iff;F jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; te;J khtl;lq;fs; G+uhf
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G vq;fSld; gazpj;J kPdt gpui[fs;> rptpy;
mikg;Gfs; njhopw;rq;fq;fis mioj;J kPdt njhopw;rq;fnkhd;iw
fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F vkf;F topfhl;lg;gl;lJ. kpf Ntjid rkakhd
2009k; Mz;L itfhrp khj ,Wjpapy; rpq;fs> jkpo;> K];yPk; kPdt
kf;fis Nehf;fp mUl;gzp fr;Nrup mtu;fs; Kd;itj;j fUj;Jfs;
,d;iwf;Fk; ehisf;Fk; xNu khjpup nry;YgbahFk;.

- MAjk; ghtpj;J r%jaj;jpy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F Kaw;rp

nra;jy; kf;fSf;F mopit Vw;gLj;Jk; nrayhFk;. mJ jkpo; <ok;
Kd;dzp ,af;fk; kw;Wk; ,yq;if murpd; ,uhZtj;jpw;fpilapy;
Vw;gl;l Nkhjypy; njspthfpd;wJ. mlf;F Kiwfs; %yk; mjpy;
xU khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;j KbahJ.

- murrhu;gw;w mikg;Gfshy; elhj;jf;$ba Nrit FWfpa

fhykhtNjhL mjpy; ePz;l fhy murpay; <Lghl;il vjpu;g;ghu;f;f
KbahJ. rptpyikg;G nraw;ghl;by; mq;F nraw;ghl;lhsu;fspd;
kw;Wk; xUrpy kf;fspd; xUrpy Njitfis G+u;j;jp nra;a
$LkhdhYk; ehL> kf;fs; vd;w Kiwapy; tYthd xU <Lghl;il
vjpu;g;ghu;f;f KbahJ.

• 98 •
 -
- kf;fspd;> ahNjDk; njhopypy; <Lgl;Ls;stu;fspd; cupikfis
ntd;W vLf;f murpay; mikg;nghd;W NjitgLtNjhL jk;kf;fspd;
cupikia ntd;nwLf;f murpay; <Lghl;il xU njhopw;rq;fj;jpw;F
eilKiwahf;f KbAk;. mjdhy; gpioaw;w tYthd xU
jiyikj;Jtk; Clhf r%fj;jpy; njhopyhspfSf;F rpwe;j xU
khw;wj;jpw;fhd jdpg;gl;l vz;zq;fSf;F mg;ghy; nrd;W gq;F
nfhs;s KbAk;. kPdt njhopw;rq;fnkhd;iw fl;bnaOg;Gtjd;
Clhf cyf kPdt ,af;fj;ij tYT+l;Ltjw;F gq;fspf;FkhW
ehk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.

,e;j tplak; 20099k; Mz;l itfhrp khjk; Kjy; Mdp khjk; 8k; jpfjp tiu
fpuhk uPjpahf Kd;dpiygLj;Jtjw;F xU Gul;rpfukhd tplakhf ,q;F
Fwpg;gpLtJ jopo; kf;fspd; Ntjidfs;> mstplKbahj gPlizahd
Aj;j mf;fpzp kj;jpapy; gazpf;Fk; mDgtj;JldhFk;. Mdhy; 2009k;
Mz;L Muk;gpj;j Njrpa kPdt njhopw;rq;fj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gk; tplak;
gyjug;gl;l fhuzq;fshy; gpd;jhq;fpdhYk; mJ njhlu;ghf nyhnay;
gPup];> gP. vr;. fPu;j;jpghy> Mde;j gPup]; Nghd;w jiytu;fSk; jw;NghJ
Nf. V. [khy;jPdpd; mu;g;gzpg;igAk; ehk; kPdt ,af;fk; vd;w Kiwapy;
Nghw;WNthk;. ,e;j nraw;ghl;bw;F rYiffis toq;Ftjw;F gpupaq;fu
nfh];jh> ehyfnuhi]Nuh> kw;Wk; md;ldp N[Rjhrd; MfpNahupd;
gq;fspg;ig ed;wpAld; epidT $Wfpd;Nwhk;.

Nf. V. [khy;jPd;> vk;.vk;. kpy;ld;> re;jpupfh N`tpd;Ndupa];; MfpNahupd;

jiyikapy; kPdt kf;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf
murpay; <LghL njhlu;ghf mUl;gzp Njhk]; fr;Nrup Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj
Kd;itj;j fUj;jpy; gpioaw;w jd;ik kw;Wk; vjpu;fhy fz;Ndhl;lk;
cWjpgLj;jg;gLk;. murpay; uPjpahf gjpyspj;jy; kw;Wk; mjw;F jPu;T
fhZjy; njhlu;ghf Njrpa kPdt njhopw;rq;fj;jpd; mu;g;gdpg;ig
ghuhl;b> mJ RahjPd njhopyhsu; mikg;nghd;W tiu tpUj;jp nra;Ak;
Njit kw;Wk; Mw;wYk; mjw;fhf mu;gzpf;Fk; NjitiaAk; ,t;thW
Fwpg;gpLNthk;.

• 99 •
kf;fspd; fhzp Nghuhl;lj;jpy; vkJ <LghL.

epyj;jpd; cupik kw;Wk; capu; thOk; cupikf;fhf tlf;fpYk;> njw;fpYk;>

kiyafj;jpYk; kf;fs; njhlu;e;J Nghuhl;lj;jpy; <Lgl;L ,Ug;gu;. mtu;fSf;Fs;
kiyaf kf;fs; 200 tUl fhykhf capu;tho;tjw;F epykpy;yhky; gPlizf;F
MshfpapUj;jNjhL Rdhkpapd; gpd;G kPdt kf;fSf;F Fwpg;ghf flw;fiu
kPdtid flw;fiuapypUe;J ntspNaw;Wk; flw;fiu ghJfhg;G tiya
Kd;nkhopTk;> Cth nts;s];] tptrha kf;fspd; fhzpfis mgfupj;J fUk;G
cw;gj;jp my;yJ thio kw;Wk; Nrhsk; gapu;r;nra;iff;fhf ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;F
40 tUl fhyq;fSf;F Kd;dpUe;Nj Kd;ndLj;Jr; nrd;w Ntiyj;jpl;lKk;>
tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F kf;fspd; fhzpfis mgfupj;J Njrpa ghJfhg;G vd;w
ngaupy; mtw;iw ,of;fr; nra;J NghyNt> Njrpa ngsjPf jpl;lk; 2013-2050
Clhf njhlu;e;J nraw;gLk; Kiwjtwpa mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lKk; Clhf
ehLG+uhf kf;fspd; tsq;fs;> czT cw;gj;jpahsu;fspd; epyj;ij ,of;fr;
nra;tjw;Fk;> cy;yhrj;Jiw njhopypy; tpUj;jp vdD;k; ngaupy; my;yJ
tpNrl nghUshjhu tiyak; vd ngaupl;L Kd;ndLf;Fk; fhzp mgfupg;G
Nghd;w ehLG+uhf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLk; fhzp Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Njrpa
kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; ehk; njhlu;e;J <LgLNthk;. Cth nts;s];]
tptrhapfspd; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; Muk;g re;ju;g;gj;jpy; vq;fSf;F gq;fspf;f
Kbahtpl;lhYk;> mz;ikapy; nra;j Nghuhl;lq;fspy; kf;fs; ntd;W vLj;j
ntw;wpfis ehk; Fwpg;gpLNthk;.

Aj;jj;jpd; Clhf tlf;fpYk;> njw;fpYk; Kiwjtupa vy;iy fpuhkq;fs; vd;w

ngaupy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspYk; kf;fSf;F Vw;gl;l jiytpjpia
ehk; fz;nfhz;L ghu;j;Njhk;. jhd; f\;lg;gl;L fl;bnaOg;gpa tPLfis
fhiyAk; khiyAk; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;L mfjpKfhk;fspy; thOk; epyik
cq;fSf;Fk; vdf;Fk; mDgtpf;f Neupl;lhy; ePq;fs; ,e;j rKjhaj;jpw;F
nfhLf;Fk; nra;jp vd;d? rw;W rpe;jpj;J ghUq;fs;. ,e;j kdr;rhl;rpapd; nra;jp
ckJ cs;sk; czuhj tiu ePq;fSk; ehDk; epidg;gjhtJ me;j epyk;>
tPLfs; ,uhZtj;jpw;F> cau; ghJfhg;G tiyaj;jpw;F vLj;jhy; vd;dthFk;?
Mdhy; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; ehq;fs; vg;NghJk; Kaw;rp
nra;tjhtJ Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;l kf;fspd; kdr;rhl;rpAld; xd;wpiztjw;fhFk;.
me;j re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ,e;j fhzpfis kPz;Lk; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;FkhW Nfhup
tpgj;jpw;Fs;shd> ,lk; ngau;e;j kf;fSld; fhzp cupikia Nfhup Kd;ndLj;j
tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhz kf;fspd; Nghuhl;lq;fspy; ehKk; ,ize;J
• 100 •
 nraw;gl;Nlhk;. ahog;;ghzk; gpuNjrj;jpy;> kd;dhupy; Ks;spf;Fsk;>
gs;spKid> mupg;G Mfpa gpuNjrq;fspy; kf;fspd; fhzp cupikAk;> [pk;GNuhd;
efu; Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; kPs; FbNaw;wk; kw;Wk; tPLfSf;fhd cupikAk;>
Ky;iyj;jPT Nfg;ghgpyT gpuNjr kf;fspd; fhzp cupikAk;> kfhntsp vy;
tiyaj;jpy; jkpo; kf;fspd; cupik NghyNt jw;NghJ FUe;Ju; kiyapy;
Njhd;wpAs;s Nkhjy; epyikapy; mtw;iw rkhjhdkhf jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;s
<LgLtjw;Fk; ehk; vkJ nraw;ghl;il eilKiwgLj;jpNdhk;.

jpUNfhzkiyapy; rhk;G+u; kf;fis gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J xJf;fp me;j epyq;fis

ifg;gw;wpf; nfhz;L epu;khdpg;gjw;F Kd;nkhopag;gl;l mdy; kpd; epiyaj;jpw;F
vjpuhfTk;> efu mgptpUj;jp vd;w ngaupy; efuk; kw;Wk; fltj; gpuNjr kf;fs;>
Rw;Wyh njhopy; Jiwapd; epyhntsp> Fr;rpNtyp> vupf;fhfz;b fy;yhW gpuNjr
kf;fspd; fhzp cupikf;fhf ehk; <Lgl;Nlhk;.

mJkl;lffsg;G ghrpf;Flh fiuNahu kf;fs; Rw;Wyh Jiwapdhy;

Jd;gg;gLj;Jtjw;F vjpuhf jdJ cupikia NfhUtjpypUe;J fubadhW>
fpj;Jy;> typfhfz;b kf;fspd; kPs; FbNaw;wk; njhlu;ghf fhzp cupik kw;Wk;
mbg;gil trjpfis ntd;nwLf;f nra;j Nghuhl;lk; tiu gutpaJ. ,e;j
fhzp Nghuhl;lk; mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; Rw;Wyh njhopypd; tpUj;jpw;F ghzk
kf;fspd; fhzpfis mj;JkPwp nfhy;iyabg;gjw;F (,e;j tplak; njhlu;ghf
vkJ <LghL ghzk kf;fspd; G+kpapd; Nghuhl;lk;" vd;Dk; ngaupy; xU
Gj;jfj;ij mr;rpl;L ntspapl;Nlhk;.) vjpuhf NghyNt m];ug; efu; gpuNjrj;jpy;
,uhZtj;jpd; <Lghl;by; tPlfs; kw;Wk; fhzp ,oe;j kf;fspd; Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F>
rl;lKd;dpiyf;F nrd;W rl;luPjpahd nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;sTk;>
nghj;Jtpy;> MWfk;ig gpuNjrq;fspy; JiwKfk; ,oe;j kPdtu;fspd;
Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F> jPfthgp kf;fspd; fhzp cupikia ntd;nwLg;gjw;fhd
Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F ehq;fSk; Njhs; nfhLj;Njhk;. njd; fly; G+uhf Rw;Wyh
njhopypd; tpUj;jpw;fhf flw;fiuia nfhy;iyabg;gjw;F vjpuhf gygpba
kf;fs; Kd;ndLj;j Nghuhl;lk; NghyNt tlNky; flypy; fiuNahu kf;fis
mfjpfshf;fp Jd;gg;gLj;Jk; Rw;Wyh tpUj;jpw;F vjpuhf Fr;rpKid> lg;Ng
tlNky; Kfj;Jthuk; jPTthrpfspd; fhzp kw;Wk; njhopy;fis ntd;nwLf;f
nraw;gl;Nlhk;. ehk; nra;j tuyhw;W Gfo;ngw;w <Lghlhf ePu;nfhOk;G fsg;G
Nghuhl;lj;ij Fwpg;gpLtNjhL mJ vkJ ,iz mikg;ghfpa = tpKf;jp kPdt
ngz;fs; mikg;Gk;> epu;nfhOk;gpy; xd;wpize;j fsg;G kPdt mikg;Gld;
,ize;J ,d;Dk; gy mikg;Gfs; Kd;ndLj;j kf;fs; mzptFg;ghFk;. ,q;F
tpupthd Nghuhl;l nraw;ghL ePu;nfhOk;G fsg;G Nghuhl;lk; vd;w ngaupy;
• 101 •
 rpq;fs> jkpo;> Mq;fpykhfpa Kk;nkhopfspy; tpupthf ntspaplg;gl;lJ.
mgptpUj;jp ngaupy; kdpj nraw;ghl;bw;F ,aw;ifapd; gjpy; kpfTk; Nkhrkhf
kdpjd; epiyf;fhjjhf cjhuzkhf nghy;gpjpfk ,Unjdpaha gpuNjrj;jpy;
ahid kdpj Kuz;ghl;il vLj;Jf;fhl;lyhk;.

fhl;L tpyq;Ffspd; gpwg;gplq;fis mgptpUj;jp vd;Dk; ngaupy; ghtpj;J

Rw;whly; epyik njhlu;ghf tpopg;Gzu;T ,y;yhky; nraw;gLj;Jk; mgptpUj;jp
nraw;ghLfs; Clhf ghjpf;fg;gLtJ nghJ kf;fs; kl;Lky;y fhl;by; thOk;
tpyq;Ffs; $l ,e;j moptpy; Jd;GWNthiu ghJfhj;Jf; nfhz;L Vw;gLj;Jk;
Nkhjiy Kbg;gjw;F murpay;thjpfSf;Nfh> mtu;fSf;F MNyhrid $Wk;
mjpfhupfSf;Nfh> tpahghupfSf;Nfh Njit ,Uf;fhJ. ,t;thwhd Nkhjy;
epyikfs; Clhf Jd;GWgtu;fis ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F Kd;ndLj;j
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; nghyd;dWit> fy`hfy> guhfpuk rKj;jpuj;ij
mz;bAs;s kf;fs;> FUdhfy;> nghy;gpjpfk gpuNjrj;jpy; f`y;y gy;ynfNy
ghJfhg;G tdj;ij mz;ba kf;fSk; nkhduhfiy> nts;stha> NtN`uaha>
`e;jghdhfy> vjpypntt Mfpa gpuNjrq;fis mz;ba kf;fSk;> kl;lf;fsg;G>
ntspfhfz;b gpuNjrj;ij mz;ba kf;fSk; xd;wpizj;Jf; nfhz;L ahid
kdpjd; Kud;ghl;bw;F jPu;T NjLk; kf;fs; mikg;nghd;iw fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F
ehq;fs; gpuNahrdkpy;yhj xU Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl;Nlhk;. Mdhy; jw;Nghija
mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghl;bd; Clhf ,e;j kf;fs; jiytpjpapy; ,e;j nraw;ghL
kPz;Lk; tYT+l;l Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ,Wjpapy; ,J njhlu;ghf nraw;gLtjw;F
vkJ mikg;gpd; tiy mikg;ghf nraw;gLNthk;.

kf;fspd; fhzp cupikf;fhf xOq;fikg;ghf nraw;gLjy;….........

fhzp cupikia Ngzpf;nfhs;tjw;F my;yJ ntd;nwLg;gjw;F Kaw;rpahf

jdpahf nraw;gLtjw;Fs;s rpukk; ahid kdpj Kud;ghl;bw;F vjpuhf
nraw;gLk; NghJk;> Aj;jj;jpy; my;yJ Rdhkpapy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd;
fhzp Mu;g;ghl;lj;jpYk; ehfupf kw;Wk; kiyaf kf;fspd; fhzp mur cupik
njhlu;ghfTk; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; NghyNt mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghl;bYk; ghjpf;fg;gLk;
kf;fspd; fhzp> njhopy;> capu;thOjy; Mfpa cupikfSf;fhd Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
ehk; mDgtpg;Nghk;. Mdhy; ,e;j midj;J tplaq;fSld; ehk; xd;W Nru;e;J
Fuy; VOg;Gk; NghJ fhl;lg;gLk; vjpu;G Clhf Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; mopT KOikahf
xopf;fg;glhtpl;lhYk; XusT Fiwg;gjw;F eltbf;if vLf;f KbAk; vd;gij
ehk; czu;e;Jf; nfhz;Nlhk;. mq;F Rdhkpf;F Kd;dhd mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghl;by;
vk;Kld; ,ize;Jf;nfhz;l gpu];ngNlupad; rigapy;> grp gl;bzpf;F vjpuhf

• 102 •
 ,ize;Jf; nfhs;SNthk; mikg;G (Joining HansAgainst Hanger) kf;fspd;
tpUg;gj;Jld; Fwpg;ghf epyk; kw;Wk; capu;thOk; cupikf;fhf xd;wpize;J
nraw;gLtjw;F gpu[h mgpyh\ tiyaikg;ig fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F 2005k;
Mz;L Kjy; ,Jtiu Jiz GupAk;. mjD}lhf ghzk kf;fspd; fhzp
cupik> m];ug; efu; kf;fspd; fhzp cupik> rhk;G+u;> fl;gpl;b jPTfs;>
aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ,lk; ngau;e;j kf;fs;> ePu;nfhOk;G fsg;G Nghuhl;lk;> jPfthgp
kf;fspd; fhzp cupik> ghrpf;Flh fiuNahuk;> ntspfhfz;b ,lk; ngau;e;j
kf;fspd;> nkhduhfiy> Ctnts;s];] tptrha tiyaq;fspd; kf;fspd;
fhzp cupikia ntd;nwLf;Fk; tiu kf;fspd; nraw;ghl;bw;F cjtp
Gupe;Js;Nshk;. ,e;j nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ midj;J khtl;lq;fspYk; vkJ
fpuhk kf;fs; mikg;GfSf;F tYT+l;b kw;Wk; mur mlf;FKiw ,uhZtk;>
nghyp];> Gydha;T gpupTfspd; mr;RWj;jYf;F kj;jpapy; midj;J khtl;l
mikg;GfspYk; nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs; fhl;Lk; njhlu;r;rpahd gq;fspg;G ,y;yh
tpl;lhy; ,;j Nghuhl;lKk; jw;NghJ mile;Js;s ntw;wpfs; tiu nraw;gLj;j
Kbahky; Nghfyhk;. nraw;jpwdhd midj;J mikg;G nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSf;Fk;
vkJ ghuhl;Lfis ,q;F nrYj;Jfpd;Nwhk;. Muk;gj;jpy; ,e;j nraw;ghl;bd;
,izg;ghsuhd gpud;rp]; uh[d; mtu;fis ,q;F tpN\lkhf epidT
$wNtz;baNjhL ehd;fhk; khbfSf;F gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mioj;J nra;j
mrRWj;jy;fspd; NghJ njhlu;e;J gq;fspj;jij ehk; ghuhl;LNthk;. mjd;
gpd; ,izg;ghsuhf flikahw;Wk; gpupaq;fu nfh];jhtpd; gq;fspg;gpy; ,e;j
nraw;ghL ,d;Dk; Kd;Nehf;fp gazpg;gij ehk; ghul;LNthk;.

fhzp cupik njhlu;ghf kf;fs; ,af;fj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gjy; …………

epyk;> ePu;> Mo;fly;> fiuNahuk;> fsg;G> Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; tdhe;juq;fs;

czT cw;gj;jpapy; <LgLk; kf;fspd; tho;thjhuq;fSf;F kl;Lky;y Rw;whly;
epiyNgW kw;Wk; khdpldpd; kw;Wk; capu;fspd; epiyNgW njhlu;ghf
mj;jpatrpa rhd;whFk;. mgptpUj;jp vd;Dk; ngaupy; ,e;j tsq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jp khdpldpd; tho;if kl;lj;ij cau; juj;jpw;F nfhz;Ltu Ntz;b
,Ue;jhYk; mjD}lhf midj;J capu;fspd; tho;f;iff;F jPikahd ghjpg;G
kw;Wk; Rw;whly; mopTfSf;F fhuzkhdhy; mjpy; ePz;l fhykhf Vw;gLk;
mopTfis mwpe;J epiyNgwhd mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghl;by; <LglNtz;Lk;.
Rdhkpf;F Kd;du; kw;Wk; Aj;j fhyj;jpw;F Kd; ehl;by; Kd;ndLj;Jr;nrd;w
mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghL ehl;bw;F vt;tsT cfe;jjhFk; vd;gij mtjhdpf;Fk;
NghJ ,J vkf;F tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s $bajhf cs;sJ.

• 103 •
Aj;jk; Kbtila Kd;Ng> Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspdJk;> mgptpUj;jp
nraw;ghl;bd; Clhf ghjpf;fg;gLk; kf;fspdJk;> capupdq;fs;> tpyq;FfspdJk;
capu;thOk; cupikia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L czT cw;gj;jpapy; <LgLk;
kf;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; mikg;Gfs; xd;wpize;J 2008k; Mz;by; kf;fspd;
fhzp cupik njhlu;ghd (PARL) xd;wpaj;ij fl;b vOg;Gtjw;F Njrpa kPdt
xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; jyikj;jhq;Fk;.

2008k; Mz;L Aj;jk; cr;rfl;lj;ij mile;j fhyj;jpy; tlf;F> fpof;F khfhz

kf;fspd; fhzp cupik njhlu;ghf vq;fshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l nraw;ghL
Kf;fpakhdNjhL mjD}lhf Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpw;F fhzp cupik
njhlu;ghf fsj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l tuNtw;gpdhy; (Fwpg;ghf tlf;F kf;fspilNa)
,q;F Muk;g nraw;ghL vq;fis rhu;e;jJ. nraw;ghl;Lf;FO mbf;fb jPu;T
jPu;khdq;fis vLj;j NghjpYk; mq;F ,izg;G eLepiyakhf Njrpa kPdt
xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; tpyhrj;ij ghtpg;gjw;F Muk;g $l;lj;jpy; jPu;khdpf;fg;
-gl;lJ. tptrha Jiwapy;> kiyafj;jpy;> ngz;fs; cs;spl;l tlf;F fpof;F
khfhz kf;fspd; fhzp cupik njhlu;ghf Muk;gpj;j ,af;fk; Nkd;NkYk;
tYT+l;lg;gl;L Kd; Nehf;fp nry;tNjhL mJ ehk; mile;j ntw;wpahf
Fwpg;gpLNthk;. kf;fspd; fhzp Mu;g;ghl;lj;jpy; vkJ gq;spg;ig ,d;Wtiu
ngw;Wf; nfhLf;f njhlu;e;J nraw;gLtjw;F Muk;gj;jpy; gy Kiwfspy;
elhj;jg;gl;lJ. ,ij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; fz;fhzpg;ghf ,e;j Jiwapy; cau;
nraw;ghl;lhsu; Aj;j rkaj;jpy; ,Ue;J Vida kf;fspd; fhzp cupikf;fhf
Mu;g;ghl;lj;jpy; fye;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F kw;Wk; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yk;
Mu;g;ghlq;fSf;F gpujpgypj;J Fwpg;gpl;ljhtJ '',t;thwhd fhyfl;lj;jpy;
ehk; Mu;g;ghl;lq;fspy; <LgLtJ cfe;jjy;y. ehk; nra;a Ntz;bajhtJ
elg;gij gw;wp jpahdpg;gjhFk;." (We need to realeted at this trobled time . Not
to engage the struggle unnecessarily) Mdhy; ehk; vkJ Kaw;rpia iftplhJ
Kd;Ndhf;fp nfhz;L nrd;wNjhL gpu[h mgpyh\ tiyaikg;G+lhf Njrpa
kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; %yk; epyj;jpy; Kd;ndLf;Fk; fhzp Mu;g;ghl;lKk;>
fhzp cupik njhlu;ghf kf;fs; $l;lzpapd; nraw;ghl;lhf Kd;itj;Njhk;.
gpd;du; tlf;F> fpof;F> Cth> tlNky; kw;Wk; Nkw;F Mfpa khfhzq;fis
mz;bAs;s khfhz fhzp cupik njhlu;ghd $l;lzp xd;iw fl;bnaOg;Gk;
tiu mJ tpahgpj;J nraw;gLtNjhL vkJ nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs; mtw;wpd;
gpujhd gzpfspy; <LgLtu;. tlf;F aho;ghzj;ijr; Nru;e;j ,d;gk; %yKk;>
fpof;F fye;ju; ,]Bd; %ykhfTk;> tlNky; FUdhfiyr; Nru;e;j rQ;rPt
rk;gj; %ykhfTk;> Nkw;F rpukhgpkhdp Nfe;jpuj;jpy; Rfj; kw;Wk; ePu;nfhOk;G
Rgh %yKk; eilKiwgLj;jg;gLk;.

• 104 •
,jD}lhf vkJ epyj;jpy; fhzp Mu;g;ghl;lj;jpy; fhl;Lk; gq;fspg;G kw;Wk; mq;F
Kf;fpakhd nraw;ghl;il epiwNtw;Wtjw;F cs;s tuNtw;G cWjpgLj;j
KbAk;. mt;thNw 2008/ 2009 Mz;Lfspy; fhzp cupikf;fhf kf;fs; Kd;dzp
Kd;ndLj;j kf;fs; epy Miza G+kpapy; nra;j nraw;ghLfspy; gpujhd xU
gq;F vkJ nraw;ghl;L gpuNjrq;fSf;F Clhf Kd;ndLj;jNjhL kf;fs;
Mizaj;jpy; Mizahsuhf gpu[h mgpyh\ tiyaikg;gpy; ,izg;ghsu;
gpaq;fu nfh];jhTk; gpujhd nraw;ghl;il eilKiwgLj;jpdhu;. jw;NghJ
,e;j nraw;ghL ePjp kw;Wk; r%f nghWg;Gr;rig Clhf Kd;ndLg;gNjhL
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; fhzp njhlu;ghf nraw;gLk; midj;J
mikg;GfSk; mjpy; <LgLjYk; Njpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; vd;w
Kiwapy; ehk; mq;F nraw;ghl;L FOtpy; nraw;gLjiyAk; njhlu;e;J
eilKiwgLj;JNthk;.

,isQu; mikg;ig fl;bnaOg;Gjy;…………………

,isQu;fs; jkJ Nghuhl;lj;jpy; tof;fkhf r%f khw;wj;jpwf ; hf Kd;dzp
vLf;Fk; mzpahFk;. Nrhtpal; u\;ahtpy; Ig;grp Gul;rpapy; jiytuhd tp.
I. nydpd; jP jzyhf Fwpgg ; pll
; J ,e;j ,isQu; rf;jpia mbg;gilahf
nfhz;lhFk;. ,isQu;fSf;Fs; cs;s ,sk; typik> Mf;fg;G+u;tkhd Mw;wypd;
mbg;gilapyhd Gul;rpfuk; kw;Wk; rpwe;j cs;sk; kw;Wk; kdir rKjhaj;jpd;
ed;ikf;fhf ghtid nra;tjdhy; khw;wj;jpd; Clhf ey;y xU rKjhaj;ij
vjpug
; g
; hu;ff
; KbAk;. ,isQu; rKjhaj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf Njrpa kPdt
xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ ,e;j Nehf;fj;ijahFk;. Mdhy;
fle;j Ie;J jrhg;jj;jpy; ,isQu;fspd; vOr;rp Clhf ,yq;if rKjhak; Kfk;
nfhLj;j Ntjidahd mDgtk; fhuzkhf Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;
ClhfNt ,e;j Nehf;fj;ij ntd;nwLg;gjw;F ,isQu;fspd; <Lghl;bw;F
Muk;gj;jpNyNa Xu; vjpug ; G
; Vw;gl;lJ. ,jw;F gpujhd fhuzkhdJ 1971> 1983>
1989> 2006> 2009 fhyj;jpwF ; s; ,yq;if rKjhak; elhj;jpa ,sk; capuf ; s;
vq;fshy; kPzL ; k; muq;fplF; nfhz;L te;jjhFk;. Mdhy; 1992k; Mz;bypUe;J
,isQu; nraw;ghl;bd; mbg;gilahf ,aw;ifAld; ,isQu; nraw;ghl;il
xd;wpizg;gjw;F eltbf;if vLj;j ehk; 1993y; mk;gyd;nfhl rhtpjj ; pup mikg;G
(mg;NghJ ,Ue;j nrnlf; ngz;fs; gpupT) cld; Nru;eJ ; Rw;whly; rpjj ; pu Nghl;b
kw;Wk; fz;fhl;rpAld; ,isQu; ,af;fk; gazpf;Fk; jpir jPuk ; hdpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
mjd; gb ,isQu; ,af;fk; njhlu;ghf Muk;g mbg;gilahf Rw;whliy
ikakhff; nfhz;l epfo;r;rpfis elhj;Jtjw;F vLj;j jPu;khdj;jpy; Rw;whly;
kw;Wk; ey;y xU rKjhaj;jpw;fhd ,isQu; ,af;fq;fis fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; eltbf;if vLj;jJ.

• 105 •
,yq;if rKjhak; Kfk; nfhLj;Js;s r%f> nghUshjhu> murpay;; kwWk;
Rw;whly; neUf;fbia ntd;nwLg;gjw;F jw;Nghija tsu;eN ; jhu; guk;giuf;F
jPuT
; fhZk; nraw;ghLfs; ,y;yhj re;ju;gg; q;fspy; Ie;J jrhg;j fhykhf
ifahz;L ghu;jj; Njhy;tp mile;j Gjpa ypguy; nghUshjhu nraw;ghLfNs
,d;Dk; Kd;ndLj;J nry;tjhy; xU gpuNahrdKk; ,y;iy vd;gij
vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjw;F ,isQu;fs; Kd;ndLj;j Mu;gg ; hl;lk; Kf;fpakhdNjhL
mjD}lhf vjpu;gg; hu;jj
; khw;wk; ey;y xU r%f khw;wkhfpaJ. ,dk;> kjk;
Ngjj;jhy; fiyg;gile;Js;s rKjhaj;jpw;F J];gpuNahfk; kw;Wk; #iuagLjy;
,y;yhj nghUshjhu nraw;ghL ClhfTk; Rw;whly; Rw;whly; epahak; kw;Wk;
eiyNgwhd mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghf vjpu;ghu;jj ; jhf ,isQu; Mu;g;ghl;lk;
Vw;gl;lJ.

,e;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;T Rw;whly; kw;Wk; ey;y xU rKjhak; njhlu;ghd ,isQu;

mikg;gpy; Muk;gpj;jpUe;jNjhL ,isQu; FOtpd; nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs; ,J
njhlu;ghf xU njspthd tpsf;fj;Jld; nraw;gl;ldu;. Mdhy; ehq;fs;
vjpu;g;ghu;f;Fk; rKjhauPjpapy; tpopg;Gzu;Tld; nraw;gLk; ,sk; guk;giu
xd;W fpl;lj;jl;l vkJ 2000 ,sk; mq;fj;jtu;fs; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fsh vd
ehk; kjpg;gpl Ntz;bAs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fk;
kjk; jPtputhjj;jpw;F vjpuhf kw;Wk; kf;fspdj;jpd; cwTfs; njhlu;ghd
nraw;ghl;il ehk; Kd;ndLj;Js;Nshk;> epiykhWfhy ePjp njhlu;ghf
vkJ ,isQu;fSf;fpilapy; Kd;ndLj;j Kaw;rpfs; Clhf tpopg;Gzu;T>
me;epNahd;dpa ek;gpf;if> midtuJk; kjj;jpw;F> ,dj;jpw;F> ek;gpf;iffSf;F
nfsutpf;Fk; ,isQu;fspd; <Lghl;il tpUj;jp nra;Njhk;. mt;thNw rhjp kj
Ngjk; ,y;yhJ rNfhju ghrj;jpdhy; nraw;gl $ba ,isQu; mzpnahd;W
,isQu; ,af;fj;jpd; Clhf fl;bnaOg;gl;L ,Uj;jy;> vjpu;fhy ,yq;if ey;y
xU Njrkhf mikg;gjw;F Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G vd;w Kiwapy; ngw;Wf;
nfhLj;j gq;fspg;ghfTk; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;bAs;sJ. mt;thNw Rw;whly; epahak;
Clhf ,isQu;fSf;F Rw;whliy mDgtpg;gjw;F> mJ njhlu;ghd mwpitg;
ngWtjw;F Rw;whly; ghJfhg;Gr; nraw;ghL njhlu;ghf gq;F nfhs;tjw;F
kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpw;F kw;Wk; czT cw;gj;jpapd; tpUj;jp vd;w ngaupy; ePy
nghUshjhuj;jpd; Clhf Mo;flYf;Fk;> gRik Gul;rpapd; Clhf G+kpf;Fk;
Vw;gLj;jpAs;s J}ujp\;l jiytpjp njhlu;ghfTk; ,isQu;fSf;F mwpit
ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; njhlu;ghf Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw Kd;ndLj;Js;Nshk;.
,isQu;fSf;fpilapy; Cf;fk; kw;Wk; mu;g;gdpg;gpd; tpUj;jp njhlu;ghf
,isQu; ,af;fj;jpd; nghJr; rigia Kd;dpl;L FUdhfypy; njhOfe;j>
rpq;fuh[(cyf cupik tdhe;juk;) fhypapy; khJ fq;if> `g;Gj;jiyapy;
ghJfhg;G tdk; cs;spl;l ,d;Dk; gy Rw;whly; Jiwapd; Ma;Tfs;
• 106 •
njhlu;ghf ,isQu;fis <LgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j ,isQu; FOTf;F
Rw;whlYld; tho;tJ njhlu;ghf gue;j xU mwpitg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F
,e;j nraw;ghL Clhf Kbe;jjhfTk;. Rw;whly; nraw;ghl;il tYthf
nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F cfe;j gy Clfq;fis cgNahfpj;Jf; nfhz;L (tPbNah>
ghl;Lfs;> rpe;jpuq;fs;> Mf;fg+u;tkhd epu;khdq;fs;> fl;Liufs; ) Nghd;wit
cjtpajhf Fwpg;gpLNthk;.

Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghf Kd;ndLj;j fopT Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;il

rhjfkhd Kiwapy; Kd;ndLj;jr; nrd;w Ntiyj;jpl;lkhtNjhL ,d;W mJ
gpsh];bf; Clhf nraw;gLk; rKj;jpuk; kw;Wk; ePupd Jiwfspy; J\;gpuNahfj;ij
jLf;Fk; nraw;ghlhf nraw;gLj;JNthk;.

XPress Peal fg;gy; Clhf Vw;gLj;jpa Piastic Nuals rKj;jpu Rw;whlYf;F Nru;j;jJ}
lhfVw;gLj;jpa mopTf;F vjpuhf vq;fshy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpw;F
mg;ghy; gy jdpahu; fk;gdpfSk; tpahghu kl;lj;jpy; fye;Jf; nfhs;tNjhL
Sustaiable Social Nghd;w epWtdq;fs; Clhf ,e;j nraw;ghL ru;tNjr uPjpapy;
fUj;Jg;gfpu;Tf;F cs;shf;fpAs;sJ ,e;j nraw;ghl;il ,;d;Dk; Ntfkhf
Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yk; nraw;ghl;il jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;.

,isQu; ,af;fk; gazpf;Fk; jpiria jPu;khdpj;jy; ,isQu; ,af;fj;jpd;

mq;fj;jtu;fspd; ifapy; xg;gilg;gjw;Fk;. ,af;fj;ij epiyNgwhd
Kiwapy; topelj;Jk; epfo;r;rpfis jPu;khdpj;jy; nraw;ghl;lhsu;fspd;
Njitapd;gb vkJ topfhl;ly; %yk; Kd;ndLj;Njhk;. ,jw;F fhuzkhd
Kf;fpa tplakhdJ Rdhkpapd; gpd; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l fhy vy;iyf;Fs; ,isQu;
Rw;whly; Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;W Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lhYk;> gpd;G Vw;gl;l epjp
neUf;fb fhuzkhf ,isQu; epfo;r;rp gpd;jhq;fp rpy ,lq;fspy; khj;jpuk;
tiuaWf;fg;gl;l fhuzj;jpy; MFk;.

Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G nraw;ghL Clhf ,isQu; ,af;fk; ifahz;l gy

ntw;wpfis ntd;W vLj;J cs;N;shk;. gy epfo;r;rpfs; Clhf 2021k; Mz;lhFk;
NghJ Rw;whly; ghJfhg;G vd;w Nehf;fj;ij Kd;d;pl;L 25000 F mjpfkhd
kuf;fd;Wfis 15 khtl;lq;fspy; eLtjw;Fk; FLk;gj;jpy; czT ghJfhg;G
njhlu;ghd 500 f;F mz;ba tPl;Lj;Njhl;l gapw;nra;if epfo;r;rpfSk; 2019-
2021 Mfpa fhyfl;lj;jpy; Kd;ndLj;jYk;> ,isQu; mikg;gpd; <Lghl;by;
elhj;jg;gl;lJ. ,J njhlu;ghd fUj;jpay; gpd;dzpia Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G
,af;fj;jpd; ,isQu; epfo;r;rp Clhf yf;rpup gpudhe;J mtu;fspd; <Lghl;by;
eilngw;wJ. uj;fk fsg;G ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghl;nlhd;iw
Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F gq;fspg;ig ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jYk;>
• 107 •
mJ njhlu;ghf xU Gj;jfj;ij mr;rpl;L njw;F kPdt ,af;fk; %yk;
ntspapl;lYk; ,q;F ,isQu;fspd; ntw;wpahf Fwpg;gplyhk;. mt;thNw
nghy;gpjpfk gpui[ xj;Jiog;G xd;wpaj;jpd; ,isQu; FO xd;wpize;J
kf;Fy;nghj;j gpuNjrj;jpy; ghJfhg;G tdk; xd;iw fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk;
Kbe;jij mgpkhdj;Jld; Fwpg;gpLNthk;. `g;Gj;jiy ntspaPL 2018k; Mz;L
,isQu; mikg;gpd; nghJr;rig %yk; Kd;dpiy gLj;jpaNjhL mjD}lhf
,isQu; mikg;gpd; vjpu;fhy fz;Nzhl;lk; Kd;dpiygLj;jg;gl;lJ. mjdhy;
Rw;whly; kw;Wk; ey;nyhU r%f khw;wk; njhlu;ghd ,isQu; ,af;fk;
vd;Dk; fUj;jpay; mbg;gilapy; tYg; gLj;jg;gl;L mtu;fspd; nraw;ghLfis
mwpe;Jf; nfhz;L nraw;gl;L Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nry;Yk; Ntiyj;jpl;lk; vd;gij
Fwpg;gpLNthk;.

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; ngz;fs; Ntiyj;jpl;lk;……………

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; ngz;fs; Ntiyj;jpl;lk; Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj
xU tY cs;s mbg;gilapy; nraw;gl;l Ntiyj;jpl;lkhFk;. 1992k; Mz;bd;
Muk;g fl;lj;jpy; Mz;fSf;F ikakhf ,Ue;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;Tfs; gpd;du;
ngz;fSld; ,ize;j nraw;ghlhf khwpaJ. Fwpg;ghf khj;jiw> fhyp
gpuNjrq;fspy; 1993k; Mz;bypUe;Nj rhtpj;jpup ( mg;NghJ SEDEC ngz;fs;
gpupT) cld; xd;wpize;J Kd;ndLj;Jr; nrd;w Kaw;rp> mjd;gpd; Gj;jsk;
khtl;lj;jpd; fiuNahu Cu;kidfs; kw;Wk; fw;gpl;b jPTfis mz;bAk;
ngz;fis tYt+l;ly; njhlu;ghf <LgLj;Ljg;gl;lJ Mz;L 2000 MFk;
NghJ ePu;nfhOk;G> NgUtiy> fw;gpl;b> njhLtht Mfpa ,lq;fspy; gy;jpd
glF cupikahsu;fspd; FLk;gq;fs; Kfk; nfhLj;j rthy;fSf;F kpfTk;
Mf;fG+u;tkhf Kfk; nfhLg;gjw;F ePu;nfhOk;G ngz;fs; Kd;ndLj;j
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ljpd; gpujpgydhdJ = tpKf;jp kPdt ngz;fs; ,af;fj;ij
cUthf;Ftjw;F nkhuPd; gpudhe;J mtu;fspd; jiyikapy; $bajhFk;.
gy tplaq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; Aj;jk; kw;Wk; Rdhkp ,yq;if rKjhaj;jpw;F
Kd;itj;j xU rthyhdJ kPdt FLk;kgq;fSf;F tUkhdj;ij <l;Lk; topfis
toq;Fgtu;fis ,oj;jy; my;yJ fhzhky; Mf;fg;gLj;jyhFk;. mjD}
lhf Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd FLk;gq;fs; kw;Wk; gps;isfs; Mapuf;fzf;fpyhFk;.
Fwpg;ghf tl khfhzk; kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhz ngz;fs; ,jD}lhf mg;ghtpfs;
Mtij ,d;Wtiu mDgtpf;fpd;Nwhk;. Mdhy; mtu;fSk; jdf;F Vw;gl;l
rthy;fSf;F rhjfkhf Kfk; nfhLg;gjw;F vLj;j Kaw;rpahtJ tlf;Fk;>
fpof;Fk; khtl;;l uPjpahf kw;Wk; khfhzq;fshf xd;wpizj;;J ngz;fs;
mikg;Gfis fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf gq;fspj;jyhFk;. mq;F>

• 108 •
aho;g;ghzk; - G+e;jspu; ngz;fs; mikg;G
kd;dhu; - tsu;g;gpiw ngz;fs; mikg;G
fpspnehr;rp - mUk;G ngz;fs; mikg;G
Ky;iyj;jT
P - njd;wy; ngz;fs; mikg;G

vd;Dk; fpuhkpa ngz;fs; mikg;Gfs; xd;wpize;J tl khfhzj;jpy;

khtl;l mikg;Gfs; nraw;gLtNjhL> khtl;l mikg;Gfs; xd;wpize;J
tlkhfhz ngz;fs; mikg;G fl;bnaOg;g gl;Ls;sJ. ,J njhlu;ghf
kd;dhu;> aho;g;ghzk;> Ky;iyj;jPT> fpspNehr;rp khtl;l mikg;Gfso;
fpilj;j cjtp tpUk;gj;jf;fjhFk;. mt;thNw fpof;F khfhzj;jpYk;
mt;thwhd khtl;l ,af;fq;fs; kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhz ngz;fs; mikg;ghf
xOq;fikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jpUNfhzkiy - cjak; ngz;fs; mikg;G

kl;lf;fsg;G - kWkyu;;r;rp
mk;ghiw - fpof;F #upad; ngz;fs; mikg;G

fpof;F khfhz ngz;fs; mikg;G fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J njhlu;ghf

gpuNjrq;fspy; nraw;gLk; midj;J mikg;Gfs; mspj;j cjtpfs; ,e;j
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F tYT+l;Lfpd;wJ. mk;ghiw> kl;lf;fsg;G
kw;Wk; jpUNfhzkiy mikg;Gfspy; njhlu;e;J fpilj;j cjtpfis ,q;F
epidT $Wfpd;Nwhk;. khj;jiw khtl;l mikg;Gfs; xd;wpidj;J Kd;ndLj;J
nry;tjw;F ehk; Kaw;rp nra;Nthk;. vt;thwhdhYk; Njrpa kPdt ngz;fs;
rk;Nksdj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F ,e;j midj;J fpuhkpa> khtl;lk; kw;Wk;
khfhz mikg;Gfis xd;wpizj;J nra;j Kaw;rpapy; 6000 j;jpw;F mjpfkhd
ngz;fs; mq;fj;Jtj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G
,af;fj;jpw;F Kbe;jJ. Fwpg;ghf nghyd;dWit ed;dPu; mikg;G> FUdhfy;
gpu[h rf;jp mikg;G> Gj;jsk; khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G mikg;G = tpKf;jp
xd;wpaKk>; kPdt ngz;fs; rk;Nksdj;jpd; nraw;ghl;by; fhl;Lk; gq;fspg;ig
epidT $w Ntz;Lk;.

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; ngz;fs; Ntiyj;jpl;lk; Aj;jj;jpy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;l> ,lk; ngau;e;j kw;Wk; FLk;gj;jiyikj;Jt ngz;fSld;
Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yk; Ntiyj;jpl;lk; tlf;F> fpof;F khfhzq;fis mz;b
fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;sNjhL mjD}lhf kpfTk; Mgj;jhd kw;Wk; rKjhaj;jpy;
xJf;fg;gl;L ngz;fs;>

• 109 •
Fiwe;j tUkhdk; <l;Lk; ngz;fSf;F ,ilapy; nghUshjhu rf;jp> r%f
mjpfhu gyj;ij ,yf;fhf;fpf; nfhz;L Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nry;Nthk;.

mq;F fpuhk uPjpahf jPuT

; fhzf;$ba tplaq;fis ngz;fs; xd;W $b
nraw;gLtjpy; KbT vLg;gjhfTk; mt;thW my;yhj tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf
khtl;l mikg;ghf my;yJ Njrpa rk;Nksdk; vd;w Kiwapy; <Lgl;L
elhj;jpAs;Nshk;.

ngz;fspd; nghUshjhu gyj;ij fl;b vOg;Gtjw;F tUkhdk; <l;Ljy; njhlu;ghf

Njitahd cjtpia ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gJ %yk; FLk;g jiyikj;Jt ngz;fspd;
FLk;gq;fisg; NghyNt Vida FLk;gq;fspd; ngz;fSf;F ,ilapYk;
nghUshjhu rf;jpia fl;bnaOg;GtJ gpujhd ,yf;fhfpaJ. Mdhy; ,q;F
ngz;fspd; epjp gq;fspg;G> njhopy;El;g mwpT re;ij trjp> cw;gj;jpfspd;
ed;ik NghyNt Nrkpg;G njhlu;ghf ngz;fis <LgLj;JtjpYk;> mjD}lhf
,e;j nraw;ghLfis epiyNgwhf eilKiw gLj;Jtjw;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
xU epjpj;njhifia fl;bnaOg;gp ngz;fSf;F mjd; eilKiw kw;Wk;
Kfhikj;Jt mjpfhuj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; vkJ cghatopfspy; mlq;Fk;.

Mdhy; nghUshjhu tYit fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F vLf;Fk; eltbf;iffis

tpl kpf Ntfkhf ngz;fis murpay; uPjpahf tYT+l;Lk; nraw;ghl;bw;F
ehq;fs; Kjyplj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhLj;J cs;Nshk;. Fwpg;ghf ,lk;ngau;e;j
ngz;fspd; fhzp cupik> fhzhkyhf;fg;gl;l ngz;fspd; FLk;gq;fspd;
Nfhupf;iffs;> kPs; FbNaw;wk; njhlu;ghf Njitahd rYiffs;> ePu;> tPLfs;>
kpd;rhuk;> Rfhjhuk;> Nghf;Ftuj;J NghyNt gps;isfspd; fy;tp trjpfs;
kw;Wk; ghJhg;G njhlu;ghd murhq;fj;jpd; mtjhdj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;
nraw;gLNthk;. Mdhy; Rw;Wyh Jiwapy; my;yJ Kiwjtwpa mgptpUj;jp
Ntiyj;jpl;lk; fhuzkhf ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;w ngz;fspd; kw;Wk; KOikahf
gpui[fspd; cupikia Nfhup nraw;gl ehk; njhlu;e;J eltbf;if vLg;Nghk;.
Fwpg;ghf Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; jdpahf gazpf;Fk; nraw;ghly;y
me;je;j gpuNjrq;fspy; vq;fSld; nraw; gLtjw;F nghJ Nehf;fj;Jld;
nraw;gLgtu;fSld; xd;wpize;J flikahw;WNthk;. ,J njhlu;ghf Njrpa
uPjpapy; ngz;fs; ,af;fj;Jld; ,ize;J gy re;ju;g;gq;fspYk;> Fwpg;ghf
ngz;fs; jpdk; cl;gl ru;tNjr kaj;jpy; nfhs;is uPjpapy <LgLjy; njhlu;ghf
CEDAW nraw;;ghl;bw;fhf Njrpa rptpy; mikg;Gfshf me;j nraw;ghLfis
mikg;G vd;w Kiwapy; jiyikj;Jtj;ij tfpj;J nraw;gLNthk;. mjD}
lhf FIAN—INTERNATIONAL, APWLD, SAAPE, ESCR, PANAP, ALTERNATIVE, OTpNghd;w
cyf mikg;GfSlDk; tof;fkhfNt xd;wpize;J ru;tNjr mtjhdj;ij
ntd;nwLg;gjw;F kw;Wk; cwT Kiwia fl;bnaOg;gpf; nfhz;L nraw;gLNthk;.

• 110 •
CEDAN -Sri Lanka CSO Collective nraw;ghl;by; kPdt Jiwapy; ngz;fs; kl;Lky;y>
tpthrhap> njhopyhsp> Njhl;lj;njhopuhsu;> ghypay; njhopyhspfs;> tPl;L
Ntiy ngz;fs;> ,lk; ngau;e;j ngz;fs;> fhzhky; Mf;fg;gl;ltu;fisf;
nfhz;l FLk;gq;fspd; ngz;fs;. fhzp kw;Wk; tPLfis ,oe;j ngz;fs;
Mfpa gy ghjpf;fg;gl;l> Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd kf;fSld; nraw;ghl;L mikg;Gfs;>
ngz;fs; mikg;Gld; xd;wpize;J 2018 kw;Wk; 2022 Mz;Lfspy; mwpf;iffis
jahupg;gjw;F ehk; rYif toq;Fk; eLepiyakhf nraw;gl;Nlhk;.

mjD}lhf ngz;fs; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; ehk; Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; nraw;gLk;

fpuhkpa kf;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L tYT+l;lg;gl;l mikg;ghf
cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;Nshk;. ,jpy; ngz;fSf;F Neubahf kw;Wk; rKjhaj;jpw;F
xU jiyapbahf cs;s Nghijg;nghUs; Mgj;J njhlu;ghf KO Kaw;rp
Clhf jPu;T fhz;gjw;F mur epWtdq;fSf;F eilKiwgLj;JtJld; vkJ
nraw;ghLfs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;ld.

ngz;fspd; Fuy; vOg;Gjy; njhlu;ghfTk; mtu;fsJ cupik njhlu;ghfTk; Mz;

ngz; ,U jug;gpdUk; xd;wpize;J md;dpNahd;dpa tpopg;Gzu;Tld; nraw;gLk;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpy; Mz; ngz; rk epahaj;Jtk; njhlu;ghf nraw;gLjy;
,e;j nraw; -ghl;bd; mbg;gilahFk;. mt;thNw Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G
,af;fj;jpd; Muk;k tuNtw;G kw;Wk; nfhs;if uPjpapyhd cld;ghl;by; ngz;fs;
Mz;fSf;F rkkhf midj;J KbTfis vLg;gjw;Fk; rk re;ju;g;gq;fis
ntd;nwLg;gjw;Fk; mjd;gb nraw;gLtjw;Fk; ehk; <Lgl;L cs;Nshk;. mjd;gb
tlf;F fpof;F kPdt kf;fspd; xd;wpaj;jpy; kPdt ngz;fspd; gpujpepjpj;J-
tj;ij cWjpgLj;Jtjw;F gpuNjr kl;lj;jpYk; kPdt njhopw;rq;fj;jpYk;
ngz;fspd; gpujpepjpj;- Jtk; jiyikj;Jtj;ij cWjpgLj;Jtjw;Fk; ehk;
eltbf;if vLj;Js;Nshk;. mt;thNw khtl;l mikg;Gfis fl;bnaOg;Gk;
NghJ Mz;> ngz; xU rkdhd gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk>;
mq;Fk; jiyikj;Jt kl;lj;jpyhd gq;fspg;igAk; ehk; cWjp gLj;jpAs;Nshk;.
gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; nray;Kiw nraw;ghLfspy; ,g;gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfk;
nfhLj;Js;Nshk;. Mdhy; ngz;fspd; jiyikj;Jtj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gk;
Nehf;fpy; tpNrl mtjhdj;ij nrYj;jp Kd;ndLj;j ngz;fs; jiyikj;Jt
gapw;rp nraw;ghL ,jw; F Kf;fpakhd xU gq;fspg;ig ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
,t;thW ehL g+uhf vkJ mikg;gpd; Clhf Rkhu; 500 mstpyhd ngz;fis
jiyikj;Jtk; njhlu;ghf fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F ehk; gq;fspj;Njhk;. mt;thNw
tlf;fpy; fiuNahu kPdt gpuNjrq;fis mz;b kPdt ngz;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk;
ghJfhg;G> tho;thjhu top kw;Wk; kPs; FbNaw;wk; Nghd;w gpur;rpidfis
,yf;fhf nfhz;L> 100 ngz; jiytpfis fl;bnaOg;g eltbf;if vLj;Njhk;.

• 111 •
,J Mrpa tiyaj;jpd; ngz;fs; mikg;Gld; $b rkhjhdk; njhlu;ghd
ru;tNjr Kaw;rpahf ehk; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Nthk;.

,e;j midj;J nraw;ghLfspd; mbg;gilahf ngz;fspd; cz;ikahd Ra

tptuq;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tNjhL mJ njhlu;ghf Njitahd jfty;fs;>
juTfis NfhitgLj;Jtjw;fhf njhlu;r;rpahd Ma;Tfis Kd;ndLj;Njhk;.
Fwpg;ghf 2019-2022 fhy fl;lj;jpy; khj;jpuk; %d;W Ma;Tfis Kd;ndLj;J
ngz;fspd; nghUshjhuj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gjy;> ghJfhg;G> kPs; FbNaw;wk;
kw;Wk; tho;thjhuj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; njhlu;ghf jfty; Ma;T
gbtq;fis toq;fp mwpit tpUj;jp nra;Js;Nshk;. mjdhy; ehk; tof;fkhf
mwpe;j tplaq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; mOj;j nraw;ghL kw;Wk; nray;Kiwahd
nraw;ghLfis fl;bnaOg;GNthk;.

,e;j nraw;ghl;by; ehk; te;j gazj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;ba gy re;jpfs;>

jpirfs; ,Ue;j NghJk; mit ngz;fis fl;bnaOg;Gk; nraw;ghl;by;
kPz;Lk; Fwpg;gplg;gLtjhy; ,e;j Mtzj;jpd; tpupit mtjhdpj;J ,j;Jld;
Kbf;fpd;Nwhk;. Mdhy; nraw;ghl;il ,d;Wtiu fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F
cjtpatu;fis kwf;f KbahJ. Muk;g fl;lj;jpy; tz. mUl;rNfhjup
tpf;lupd; mtu;fspypUe;J fPjh yf;kpdp> Nuh];Nkup> Kfk;kJ up\;kpah
tiuAk;> jw;NgghJ ytPdh `rd;jp jhd; nghWg;Ngw;w ngz;fs; Jiwapd;
gzpia nghWg;Gzu;NthLk;> tYthf> mu;g;gdpg;Gld; nraw;gLj;jp gykhd
xU ngz; Fuiy fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F gq;fspj;jij ed;wpG+u;tkhf Fwpg;gpl
Ntz;Lk;. mt;thNw fpuhk kl;lj;jpypUe;J khtl;lk; kw;Wk; khfhz kl;lk;
tiu ngz;fis xOq;fikj;J ngz;fis tYT+l;Ltjw;fhf gq;fspf;Fk;
midj;J ngz; nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fspd; gq;fspg;Gk; ,q;F
kpf ed;wpAld; Fwpg;gpLNthk;. mt;thNw midj;J jilfSk;> mr;RWj;jy;
NghyNt jdpg;gl;l gpur;rpidfisAk; jhq;fpf; nfhz;L fpuhkpa mikg;Gfs;>
khtl;l mikg;Gfs; kw;Wk; Njrpa ngz;fs; rk;Nksdj;jpd; njhz;lu;fshf
mu;g;gdpf;Fk; ngz; nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSf;F vkJ Gfio Fwpg;gpLNthk;. xU
Gwk; FLk;gq;fspy; Njhd;Wk; vjpu;g;GfisAk; jhq;fpf; nfhz;L> rKjhaj;jpy;
Vw;gLk; rthy;fs; kw;Wk; mr;RWj;jy;fs; kj;jpapy; njhlu;e;J ngz;fs;
mikg;gpw;F jiyikj;Jtj;ij nfhLf;f vLf;Fk; Kaw;rpia ehq;fs;
nfsutj;Jld; epidT$WNthk;. tYTld; kw;Wk; mwpTld; Kd;Ndhf;fp
nry;tjw;F ehq;fs; NkYk; trjpfis toq;FNthk;.

• 112 •
Njrpa> ru;tNjr r%f ,af;fq;fis fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F kw;Wk; mtw;wpd;
nraw;ghl;bw;F Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; <LgLjy;.

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; rthy;fSf;F kj;jpapy; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l

Gjpa r%f ,af;fkhfp Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj kf;fis xd;wpizf;Fk;
Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;wpw;F gq;fspg;ig ngw;Wf; nfhLj;Njhk;. khw;Wtopahd
mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghl;nlhd;W njhlu;ghd kf;fs; xd;wpakhf (Peoples forum for
Development Alertative—PFFDA) ,ize;J tptrha> kPdt> Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;
kw;Wk; ngz;fs; Jiwia xd;wpizj;J Kd;Ndhf;fpr; nry;y vLj;j Kaw;rp
epu;thf uPjpahf Kd;ndLf;f Kbahtpl;lhYk; kf;fs; Mu;g;ghl;lq;fspy;
xd;wpize;J nray; gl;Nlhk;.

1997k; Mz;by; Njrpa SEDEC epWtdk; RahjPdkhf te;jNjhL fpilj;j

miog;gpy; cyf kPdt kf;fs; rk;Nksdj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; Muk;g
mq;fj;jtu;fs; MdJk; gpd;G ,q;F cau; nrayhsu; gjtpia ngw;W 10
tUl fhykhf Nrit nra;a Kbe;jJk; mjd; Clhf ngw;w mDgtj;jpdhy;
tiya uPjpahf kw;Wk; ru;tNjr uPjpahf mikg;GfSld; nray; gLtjw;Fk;
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpw;F Kbe;jJ.

,yq;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; xOq;FKiwahd kPdt nraw;ghL kPdt $l;LuT

,af;fq;fSld; ,ize;J fhzg;gLtNjhL kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; njhlu;ghf
<LgLk; murpay; ,af;fk; njhlu;ghf ,;e;j Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; xU mtjhdpg;Gk;
,y;yhjgbahy;> fpuhkpa kPdt kf;fspd; gpur;rpidfs; njhlu;ghfTk; Njrpa
kl;lj;jpy; <LghL njhlu;ghfTk; kPdt mikg;gpd; Njitgb kf;fs; mbg;gil
kPdt mikg;Gfis fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F vLj;j Kaw;rp ,d;W ntw;wpaile;J
cs;sJ. Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;Jld; ,ize;J nraw;gLk; midj;J
khtl;l mikg;GfSk; xU nghJ Nehf;fj;Jld; RahjPd ,af;fq;fshf
nraw;gLk;. ,e;j ,af;f tiyaikg;G epiyNgwhd kPdt nfhs;ifia
];jhgpj;jy; Clhf czT jd;dhjpf;fj;ij cWjpgLj;jp nfhs;tjw;fhd xU
tYthd kPdt kf;fspd; r%f ,af;fnkhd;iw fl;bnaOg;g $ba ,yf;fpy;
nraw;gLk;.

mt;thNw gytpj Nghuhl;lq;fs; Clhf kf;fspd; xOq;fikg;ig tYT+l;LtJ

vkJ Kaw;rp MtNjhL tlf;F kf;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; ,Oitkb neUf;fbia
Kd;dpl;L mtu;fspd; epiyahd tsq;fs; ghtid njhlu;ghd gpur;rp; id> fhzp
Nghuhl;lk;> FLk;g jiyikj;Jt ngz;fspd; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; gpujpgypg;ig

• 113 •
,yf;fhff; nfhz;L tlkhfhz kPdt kf;fspd; xd;wpaKk; RahjPdkhf Kd;tu
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; rYif toq;fpa mikg;G MFk;. ,e;j
nraw;ghl;bd; Clhf tlkhfhz kPdt ts Kfhikj;Jtk; njhlu;ghf kw;Wk;
Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghnlhd;iw Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjw;fhf eltbf;if
vLj;J ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mur mjpfhupfs;> ,uhZt mjpfhupfs; cs;spl;l
mur nghwpKiw nraw;ghl;lhsu;fspd; gq;fspg;G Fiwe;jjhy; ,e;j tplak;
XusT gpd;jhq;fpAs;sJ. kPdt gpiui[fs;> ngz;fs;> Clfk;> rptpy; kw;Wk;
mur mjpfhupfs; NghyNt gl;ljhupfs;> kj jiytu;fs; ,e;j nraw;ghl;by;
<LgLk; Kaw;rpia if tplhky; ,Ue;jJk; Kf;fpakhd fhuzkhFk;. mt;thNw
tlf;F fpof;F khfhzq;fspy; ngz;fs; mikg;Gfis fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf
ehk; vLj;j Kaw;rpia njhlu;e;J Kd;Nehf;fp gazpj;jJk; ,af;fj;jpd;
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F xU fhuzkhFk;. Fwpg;ghf mOj;jk; kw;Wk; mlf;F Kiw
fhuzkhf gPlizf;Fk;> gaq;fu epyikf;Fk;>

Aj;jj;jpdhy; fisg;gile;jpUe;j ngz; jdJ ,uz;L fhy;fshy; vOe;J epw;f

cjTk; mikg;ghf nraw;gLtjw;F Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpw;F
Kbe;jNjhL mjD}lhf Njrpa ngz;fs; rk;Nksdk; tYTs;s mbg;gilapy;
fl;bnaOg;g vq;fSf;F Kbe;jJ. ,e;j nraw;ghl;bw;F ,d;DnkhU rf;jpahf
tlkhfhz ngz;fs; Fuy; mikg;Gk; RahjPd ngz;fs; Ntiyj;jpl;lkhf
fl;bnaOg;gp nray; gLNthk;.

fhzp cupik njhlu;ghf nraw;gLk; fl;likg;G njhlu;ghf ,jw;F Kd;

Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jNjhL> mjDld; ,ize;J nraw;gLtjw;F $ba kf;fs;
jiyikj;Jtj;ijf; nfhz;l gy mikg;Gfis cUthf;Ftjw;F Njrpa kPdt
xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpw;F Kbe;jJ ePu;nfhOk;G fsg;ig ghJfhf;Fk; mikg;G>
ghzk; gj;Jit ghJfhf;Fk; mikg;G> fw;gpl;b jPT thrp kf;fs; cupikia
ghJfhf;Fk; mikg;G> fg;gyb kPdt cupikia ghJfhf;Fk; mikg;G> rhk;G+u;
kf;fs; cupikia ghJfhf;Fk; mikg;G> uj;fk fsg;ig ghJfhf;Fk; mikg;G>
,Unjdpaha Nkl;L epy mgptpUj;jp ,af;fj;jpd; kf;fsJ fhzpfis ghJfhf;Fk;
,af;fk;> ahid kdpjd; ey;ypzf;fk; tPo;r;rpaile;jjhy; Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd
kf;fspd; mikg;G> guhf;fpuk rKj;jpuj;ij ghJfhf;Fk; mikg;G> Ks;spf;Fsk;
kf;fs; xd;wpa mikg;G Nghd;w kf;fspd; jiyikapyhd gy mikg;Gfis
fl;bnaOg;gp kf;fspd; gq;fspg;G Clhf jdJ cupikfis ntd;nwLf;Fk; tiu
nraw;gLtjw;F trjpfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ ,e;j nraw;ghl;bd; Kf;fpakhd
nraw;ghL Nghlrpl;b (efu JiwKfk;)f;F vjpuhf kf;fs; ,af;fk; Clhf
Kd;ndLj;jNjhL Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; Mu;g;ghl;lq;fs;> fpuhk kl;lj;jpy; kf;fs;
nraw;ghLfs;> kf[u;fs;> Ma;Tfis ru;tNjr epfo;r;rpfis Kd;ndLj;jNjhL
vjpu;g;G kw;Wk; kf;fs; jiyikj;Jtk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;lJ.

• 114 •
,e;j nraw;ghL njhlu;ghf cjtp mspfF ; k; NghJ Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G
,af;fj;jpd; nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSf;F kw;Wk; jiyikj;Jtj;jpwF ; Vw;gl;l tho;fi
; f
mr;RWj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; rthy;fs; kj;jpapy; gpdj; hq;Fjy;> ehl;il tplL
; r; nry;yy;>
njhopypy; ,Ue;J tpyFjy;> ,uhZt <LghL> Gydha;T Jiwapdupd; mr;RWj;jy;
Nghd;w gy tplaq;fs; kj;jpapy; vkJ r%f gzp njhlu;ghf ehk; njhlu;eJ ;
,d;Wtiu 25 Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf gazpgg ; Nj xU ntw;wpahFk;.

jPtputhjpfspd; gh];fh Fz;Lntbg;G kw;Wk; vkJ <LghL

Aj;jj;jpd; gydhf xU jpiria Nehf;fpr; nrd;Wf; nfhz;L ,Ue;j ,yq;if

rKjhak; ,d;DnkhU gpuptpidia Vw;gLj;jpa Kf;fpakhd jpdkhf 2019 rpj;jpiu
21k; jpfjpia Fwpg;gplyhk;. capu;jj ; QhapW nfhOk;G nfhr;rp; f;fil> kl;lf;fsg;G
kw;Wk; ePun ; fhOk;G fl;Lthgpl;b Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; fpwp];jt Myaq;fSf;F
Vw;gLj;jpa jPtputhjpfspd; jhf;Fjy; ,Jtiu ,dq;fSf;fpilapy;; fhzg;gLk;
gpuptpid> tpopg;Gzu;tw;w> mtek;gpf;if kj uPjpahfTk; tPor ; r
; p; ailtjw;F
gpujhd fhuzkhfpaJ. fpwp];jtu;fs; kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa kjj;jpdUf;F ,ilapy;
,Jtiu ePun ; fhOk;G gpuNjrj;jpy; xUtpjkhd NkhjYk; Vw;glhjNjhL> rpj;jpiu
21 gh];fh jhf;Fjy; ,jw;F gpujhd fhuzkhf fpwp];jt> ,];yhk; vjpu;gg ; hf
Njhd;wpAs;sJ. tlf;F Aj;jj;jpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; ,d;dy;fspd;
NghJ rNfhuj;Jtj;Jld; cjtpGupe;j ePun ; fhOk;G kf;fs; Fwpg;ghf ngz;fs;
K];yk P ; kf;fis ituhf;fpaj;Jld; ghu;gg ; jw;Fk; tpNuhjpfshf ftdpg;gjw;Fk;
Muk;gpj;jdu;. ,e;j Nkhjiy Kk;Kwkhf;Ftjw;F jPapy; vz;nza; thu;fF ; k;
Clfj;jpdhy; ,e;j ituhf;fpak; vd;Dk; jP mizf;fg;glhky; ,Ue;jij
fhzKbe;jJ. Mdhy; ,dq;fSf;F ,ilapy; rkhjhdk;> ey;ypzf;fk;>
rNfhjuj;Jtj;jpw;fhf tlf;fpYk; njw;fpYk; fhzg;gLk; Njrpa kPdt xj;jiog;G
,af;fk; ,e;j jhf;Fjypy; cWjpahd <Lghl;il Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

gh];fh jhf;Fjiy mwpe;jTld; ehk; <Lgl fhuzk; ,t;thwhd Mgj;jpy;

xd;W Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sf;$ba midj;J nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs;> mikg;Gfs;>
kj jiytu;fis xd;wpizj;Jf; nfhz;L Vw;glf;$ba vjpu;ghuhj tpjkhd
Mgj;Jfis jLj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F eltbf;if vLg;gjhFk;. ,J njhlu;ghf
Njitahd xOq;fikg;;ghd <LghL njhlu;ghf Muk;g nraw;ghl;il
epiwNtw;Wtjw;F Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fkhf vkf;F Kbe;jNjhL
mjD}lhf ePu;nfhOk;G gpui[fs; FOit cUthf;fp kj uPjpahd Nkhjiy
Vw;gLj;jpajd; Clhf ehLG+uhf gutf;$bajhf ,Ue;j jPia mizg;gjw;fhf
ehk; eltbf;if vLj;Njhk;. mjpfhu MirAs;stu;fspd; Njitfis G+u;j;jp
nra;tjw;F eilKiwgLj;jpa Xu; Clf tiyaikg;G kw;Wk; mjw;fhf
Kd;tUk; murpay;thjpfspd; rPlu;fs; kj;jpapy; kpfTk;

• 115 •
vr;rupf;if kw;Wk; Kf;fpakhd nraw;ghl;bd; Clhf ,d;Wtiu ePu;nfhOk;G
gpui[ FOtpd; kf;fSk; Fwpg;ghf fpwp];jt K];yPk; kj gf;ju;fSf;fpilapy;
ey;ypzf;fk; kw;Wk; fUj;Jg; gfpu;Tfis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F ehk; nraw;ghl;L
uPjpahf <LgLNthk;. ,J Kf;fpakhd re;ju;gq;fspy; vkJ <LghL kw;Wk;
vr;rupf;ifia ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy; njhlu;ghf Kf;fpakhd re;ju;g;gkhf
mwpKfg;gLj;jyhk;.

Aj;jj;jpd; gpd; Vw;gl;l gaq;fukhd re;ju;g;gk;

ehl;bd; Rje;jpukhf fUj;Js;stu;fSf;F> fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;ltu;fSf;F
je;jpukhf NkilNawp ClftpayhsUf;F> rptpy; nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSf;F
NghyNt muRf;Fs; kfpe;jthjkw;w murpay;thjpfSf;Fk; kpfTk; td;Kiw
epiwe;j rkakhf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j td;Kiwapd; mDgtk; ed;whf
mDgtpg;gjw;F Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; FOtpw;F Kbe;jij
epidTgLj;JNthk;. "nts;is Ntd;" fyhr;rhuj;jpd; kw;Wk; Gydha;T
JiwapYk;> NrWgbe;j Rtnuhl;bfs; kw;Wk; C;lf ghtid %yk;
Kbtpy;yhj mr;RWj;jy;fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. vz;nza; tpiy mstpy;yhky;
mjpfupf;fg;gl;lJk;> murhq;fj;jpw;F Vw;gl;l kPdt kf;fs; vjpu;g;gpd; gpujpgydhf
ehd;F Ngiu mq;ftPdu;fshf;fp> rpyhgj;ij Nru;e;j md;ldp gpudhe;J
mtu;fis capu;gypahf;fp muR Vw;gLj;jpa mlf;F Kiwapd; NghJ Njrpa
kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; ,e;j Mu;g;ghl;lj;ij eilKiw gLj;Jgtu;fshf>
mikr;ru; uh[pj Nrdhuj;d ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; ,ij ntspapl;L Neubahf
vq;fs; Nky; mr;RWj;jy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;j mlf;FKiw kj;jpapy; vkf;F
,Ue;j khw;Wtopfspy; xd;whd nksdkhf;FjyhFk;. ,uz;lhtJ ehl;il
tpl;Lr; nry;Yjy;. %d;whtjhf rthy;fis vjpu;Nehf;fp gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
vjpuhf Nghu; nra;tjhFk;. Xu; mbia gpd; itj;J ,uz;L mbfis Kd;
itj;J jw;fhypfkhf ehl;il tpl;Lr; nrd;W kPz;Lk; gaq;futhjj;jpw;F
vjpuhd rptpy;> murpay; kw;Wk; Clfq;fs; xd;wpize;j nraw;ghlhd
Rje;jpuj;jpd; muq;fpw;Fk;> gpd;G Nju;jy; rkaj;jpy; rPu;jpUj;jkhd khw;wj;ij
Nfhup Kd;ndLj;j gaq;futhjj;jpw;F kw;Wk; mlf;FKiwf;F vjpuhd tPjpapd;
tpNuhjj;jpYk; tpNrl gq;fspg;ig mspg;gjw;F vkf;F Kbe;jJ.

,q;F rPu;j;jpUj;jj;ij Nfhup gj;J Jiwfis cs;slf;fp rPu;jpUj;j

Kd;nkhopTfis Nfhitg;gLj;jp 114 mikg;Gfis xd;wpizj;Jf; nfhz;L
2014 khu;fop 10k; jpfjp kdpj cupik jpdj;jpy; xd;wpize;j vjpu;fl;rpapd;
Ntl;ghsuhd ikj;jpupghy rpupNrd mtu;fSf;F xg;gilg;gjw;fhfTk; ehq;fs;
Kf;fpakhd xU nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;Nlhk;. mjpu;\;ltrkhf my;yJ

• 116 •
Jujp\;ltrkhf ,q;F midj;jpYk; ey;y gpujpgyd;fis ifg;gw;wpf;
nfhs;tjw;F ,e;j nraw;ghl;by; fye;Jf; nfhz;l vq;fs; mitUf;Fk; Kbe;jJ
vd;gij tuyhW vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,e;j midj;J nraw;ghLfSk; gytpj
fUj;Jfs;> rthy;fs;> mr;RWj;jy;fs; kj;jpapy; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nrd;wij ,q;F
Fwpg;gpl;L itg;Nghk;.

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; fUj;Jg;gfpu;tpy; Nkw;nfhz;l

kPdt Jiwf;F Nrkpj;J itj;jit
1992 Mfpa fhyfl;lj;jpy; kPdt kf;fs; njhlu;ghf tYthd Ntiyj;jpll
; nkhd;W
,y;yhky; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; jdJ nraw;ghl;il
Muk;gpjj
; rkaj;jpy; ehl;bd; tsq;fis jdpahu;kakhf;fp Gjpa ypguy;
nghUshjhu nraw;ghL Mo;fliyAk; Mf;fpukpg;G nra;J ,Ue;j rkakhFk;.

1996y; ,yf;fk; 02I nfhz;l kPdt Kfhikj;Jt rl;lj;ij cWjp gLj;jp

fiuNahuk; ePut ; ho; capupdq;fspd; cw;gj;jp njhlu;ghf gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F
rl;lk; toq;Ftjw;Fk; kPdtd; njhlu;ghf xU tiuaiw ,y;yhj njhopypy;
<Lgl;l kPdtu;fspd; vz;zpf;if kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; tiy cgfuzq;fs;
tiuaWf;f vLj;j xU Kaw;rp njhlu;ghf ehk; tNrlkhd Fuiy vOg;gpNdhk;.
mjpd; cr;r re;ju;gg ; khdJ Njrpa nrnlf; epWtdj;jpy; ele;j Ntiyj;
jpl;lj;ij mjpy; ,Ue;J tpyf;fpf; nfhs;s Neupl;ljhFk;. Mdhy; kPdtd; vDk;
tiuaiwia ,d;Dk; rupahf mwpe;J ,y;yhjNjhL Mo;flypd; ghJfhg;G
njhlu;ghd gpufldj;jpYk; (188)> rpW kPdt topfhl;lypy; VGSS fUj;Jg; gfpu;T
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kPdtdpd; njhopiy ghJfhj;jy; njhlu;ghf ,J kpfTk;
Kf;fpak; vd;gJ ,jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;F Kd;Gk; Njrpa nfhs;ifnahd;iw
fl;bnaOg;gtjw;fhf vkJ gq;fspg;gpd; gydhf cyf czT kw;Wk; tptrha
mikg;gpd; kPdtFO (COFI-2014) Clhf cWjpgLj;Jjy; njhlu;ghd top fhl;ly;
tiu nrd;w gazj;ij ehk; Kd;$l;bNa Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;. ,J xl;Lnkhj;j
kPdt Jiwf;FNk vkJ gq;fspg;gpd; Clhf ifg;gw;wpa ntw;wpfshf Fwpj;J
itg;gJ vjpu;fhy guk;giuAk; mij njhlu;eJ ; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhFk;.
vk;khy; Kd;itj;j tplaq;fs; ehl;by; fs epu;thf nayhsUf;F Kf;fpak;
,y;yhtpl;lhYk;> cyf kPdt kf;fs; rk;Nksdk; Clhf mij Kd;Nehf;fp
nfhz;L nry;tjw;F Kbe;jJk; ehk; ngw;w ntw;wpahFk;.

Mdhy; ,jw;F Kd;gpUe;Nj 2007k; fhyfl;lj;jpy; kPdtu;fspd; Mo;fly; ghJfhg;G

njhlu;ghd gpufldj;jpyhd C- 188 cWjpgg; Lj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F ehk; eltbf;if
vLj;jNjhL>mjd; Muk;g Kaw;rp 2005y; ILO rigapy; rpwe;j Kwr;rpahftpyi; y.

• 117 •
gpdd
; u; njd; Mrpa tiya khehl;bd; Clhf njhopy; rq;fj; Jiwapd; gq;fspgg ; py;
cWjpgLj;jpf; nfhs;Sjy; kPdtu;spd; Mo;flypd; ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghf nraw;gLk;
midtuJk; ntw;wp NghyNt kPdtu;fspd; capu; ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghf ngUk;
Nrit toq;fg;gLk;. ,ij cWjpgg ; Lj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F ILO> kPdt mikr;R>
njhopyhsu; mikr;Rld; Nru;eJ ; gpufldj;ij cWjpgg ; Lj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F
Kd;ndLf;Fk; Ntiyj;jpll ; j;jpwF; ehk; nraw;ghl;L uPjpahf gq;fspgN ; ghk;. ,J
xU xd;wpize;j Kaw;rpahf nraw;gLtjw;F ehk; vkJ gq;fspgi ; g njhlu;eJ ;
ngw;Wf; nfhLg;Nghk;. kdpj cupik njhlu;ghd fUj;Jg;gfpuT ; nfhOk;ig
ikakhff; nfhz;L ele;jNjhL ,ij CUf;F nfhz;L tUtJ njhlu;ghf
cyfuPjpapyhd gFg;gha;tpwF ; k; (UPR) kw;Wk; nghUshjhu> r%fk; kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu
cupikfs; njhlu;gg ; hfTk; (CESCR) fUj;Jg;gfpuT ; njhlu;ghf vkJ <LghL ,q;F
FwpjJ; itg;gjhtJ> rhjhuz kf;fs; Kfk; nfhLf;Fk; Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp> tPL>
fhzp kw;Wk; ePu; Mfpa mbg;gil NjitfSk; kdpj cupik vd;gij njspT
gLj;Jtjw;F ,e;j ru;tNjr fUtpfis ehk; ghtpjj ; jhyhFk;.

mJ njhlu;ghf Kd;ndLj;j fUj;Jgfpu;tpd; gpujpgydhf 2017 kw;Wk; 2022

UPR nraw;ghl;bYk; 2018 CESCR nraw;ghl;bw;Fk; Kf;fpa gq;fspg;ig ngw;Wf;
nfhLg;gjw;F Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpw;F Kbe;jJ. 20098y; fd;ju;
gTyp %yk; cyf czT kw;Wk; tptrha mikg;gpd; njhopy;El;g trjpfis
toq;Ftjpy; kw;Wk; IMF/WB epjp gq;fspg;gpy; Gjpa ypguy; nraw;ghl;bd;
Mo;flypy; "tsq;fs; nfhy;iy" epy nghUshjhuk; Sunkan Billions ngaupy;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;T ,yq;if rKjhaj;jpd; ePy nghUshjhuk;>
ePy tpUj;jp vd;Dk; ngaupy; Kd;ndLj;jy; Clhf kf;fspd; rKjhaj;jpy;
tuNtw;ff;$batu;fs; ,ilapYk; fUj;Jg;gfpu;it fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F vkf;F
NkYk; Kaw;rp nra;a Ntz;bapUe;jhYk; ePy epahaj;jpd; Clhf czT
jd;dhjpf;fj;ij ntd;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Kaw;rpiaAk; khw;Wtopahf Kd;dpiy
gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j fUj;Jg;gfpu;T Clhf ePy nghUshjhu nraw;ghl;by; Mo;flypd;

nfhy;iyia tpsq;fpf; nfhz;l kPdt kf;fSk; ngz; kw;Wk; kPdt
nraw;ghl;lhsu;fis fl;bnaOg;g Kbe;jJk; ,af;fj;jpd; ntw;wpahFk;.
2022k; Mz;by; If;fpa ehLfs; mikg;G %yk; rpW kPdtu;fspd; kw;Wk;
ePu;tho; capu;fspd; tsu;g;G Mz;lhf ngauplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd;gb ,J
rpWkPdtk; njhlu;ghf rKjhaj;jpd; mtjhdpg;ig ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;>
mtu;fspd; gpur;rpidfis fijg;gJ njhlu;ghf mjpfhupfs; NghyNt rKf
nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs; gytpj epWtdq;fis ,izj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F ehk; Kaw;rp
nra;Nthk;. ,q;F Kf;fpa fhuzkhtJ rpW kPdtu;fspd; Mz;L (IYAFA)

• 118 •
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; nts;sptpohTk; 2022k; Mz;bNyNa
mike;Js;sJkhFk;. kPdt gpui[fspd; jiyikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; mwptpd; Clhf
epiyNgwhd kPdt nfhs;ifnahd;iw fl;bnaOg;Gjy; kw;Wk; mjD}lhf kPdt
kf;fspd; nghUshjhu rf;jp NghyNt rKjha tuNtw;gpd; Clhf kPdt mgpkhdj;ij
fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F ,e;j nraw;ghl;il ehk; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Nthk;.

vjpu;fhyk;
jdJ tho;if mu;gg ; zpgg
; pd; tlf;fpYk; njw;fpYk; ,Wjpahf njd; khfhz
,isQu;fSk; r%f khw;wj;jpd; Clhf ey;y xU rKjhaj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf
Mu;gg; hl;lk; nra;jdu;. ehq;fSk; fle;j 25 tUl fhykhf Kaw;rp nra;jjhtJ Gjpa
ypguy; nghUshjhu nraw;ghl;bd; Clhf jw;Nghija mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghLfs;>
mehijahf;Ftjdhy;> ,lk; ngau;tjdhy;> tsq;fis nfhy;iyabg;gjdhy;
ghjpff ; g;gLk; kf;fis xd;wpizj;J ,e;j ey;y rKjhaj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F
cjtp nra;tjw;fhFk;. mJ rpqf ; sk;> K];ypk>; gwq;fpau; cs;spll
; kf;fspilapy; ,d
cwTfis fl;bnaOg;Gtjd; Clhf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y ehk; Kaw;rp nra;Nthk;.

Mdhy; ,e;j nraw;ghl;by; ,ul;il ghjpg;GfSf;F cl;gl;Ls;s ngz;fs;

Mz; ngz; rkj;Jtj;jpw;Fs; tYT+l;Ltjw;F ehq;fs; Kaw;rp nra;Njhk;.
Nrfu mtu;fs; jdJ ftpijnahd;wpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sgb>
JwtpahdhYk; rq;fkpj;jh
ngz;Fyj;jpy; gpwe;jjhy;
vLj;J te;j Ngh rkpJ (murkuk;) Kd;dhy;
mtuJ ghjj;jpYk; Ntypailj;jJ.

kyuhy; myq;fupj;J thrid G+rp

ePz;l $e;jiy ,Uf;ff; fl;b
N`kkhyhTk; tuh tpl;lhy;
jsjh (Gj;jupd; je;jk;) ,d;W vq;Nfh njupah

,og;G Nfhup Gul;rp nra;ahkNy

tpl;Lr; nrd;w jdpia mDgtpj;J
rpe;jhu;ju; Gj;ju; epiy mile;jJ
aNrhjuh nghWj;jjpdhy;.

,e;j mrhjhuzj;jpw;F vjpuhf ehk; njhlu;r;rpahf nraw;gLNthk;.

mt;thNw ey;y xU rKjhaj;ij fl;bnaOg;gjy; njhlu;ghf ,isQu;fspd;

• 119 •
 tYTk;> mtu;fspd; Mf;fG+u;tKk; ehistiu epy;yhky; tsu;eN ; jhu;
mopj;j> mtu;fspd; vjpu;fhyk; njhlu;ghf> ,isQu; jiyikj;Jtk; njhlu;ghf
mwpT> Mw;wy; kw;Wk; tpopg;Gzu;Tld; r%f nraw;ghl;by; gq;fspg;gjw;fhf vkJ
mtjhdpg;G kw;Wk; nraw;ghl;il gpujhdkhfNt nrYj;JNthk;. mjd;gb tYTld;
,isQu; ,af;fj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F ehk; njhlu;eJ ; mu;gg; zpg;Nghk;.
Njrpa nrnlf; epWtdj;jpypUe;J tpyFk; NghJ ehk; Fwpg;gpl;ljhtJ
'fyg;igapy; if itj;j gpd; jpUk;gpg; ghu;g;gtu;fs;; vtUk; ,iwahl;rpf;F
cl;glj; jFjpAs;stu;fs; my;y"

Y}f;fh ew;nra;jp (9: 62)

ehk; kdjpy; nfhs;s Ntz;ba fhuzkhtJ fle;j 25 tUlk; kpfTk;

fbdkhdJ. mij tpl jw;Nghija nghUshjhu> r%f> murpay; tha;g;gpYk;
rptpy; mikg;GSf;F kw;Wk; rptpy; nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSf;F Vw;gl;Ls;s
mr;RWj;jypYk; Fwpg;ghf rptpy; r%f mikg;G nraw;ghL njhlu;ghf
cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l rl;l tiuT ClhfTk; r%f epahaj;jpw;fhf nraw;gLgtu;fs;
Gzu;tho;tpw;fhf cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;l Gzu;tho;T njhlu;ghd rl;lk; Nghd;w
ghjpg;ghd epajpw;Fs; vkJ rthy;fs; ,d;Dk; jPtpukhFk; vd;gJ re;Njfky;y.
mjdhy; ehk; cq;fs; midtiuAk; miog;gjhtJ..........
'vd;idg; gpd;gw;w tpUk;Gk; vtUk; jd;dyk; Jwe;J jk; rpYitia Rkw;Jf;
nfhz;L vd;idg; gpd;gw;wl;Lk;" (Gdpj kj;NjA ew;nra;jp 16: 24)

"WHOEVER wants to be my DISCIPLE must deny themselves and takeup their

CROSS and follow me" (Mathew 16(24)
mjd;gb Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;Jld; ,ize;Jf; nfhs;Sk;
cq;fs; midtUf;Fk; ,e;j rthy;fs; kj;jpapy; ey;nyhU rKjhaj;ij
fl;bnaOg;Gjy; njhlu;ghf ,ize;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb miof;fpd;Nwhk;.

nkhopg; ngau;g;G
gpNyhkpdh ju;kuj;dk;

• 120 •
tlai;a cd;Skf
a .a iq¿mkak ëjr ld¾ólhskf
a .a yd c,cSù j.d j¾Ih - 2022
f,dalfha we;s tla ìhlre yd oeä wjOdkula iys;
/lshd jl ksr; jk iq¿mkak ëjr ld¾ólhska"
Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, ldka;djka yd orejka iudcfha
wvq wjOdkhla fhduq jQ msßila nj fkdryils'
iudÔh jYfhka ëjr l¾udka;h b;d wvq ms<s.
ekSulg ,la ù we;s w;r mqrjeishka f,i
wNsudkfhka ;uka ëjrhska nj mejiSug ëjr
mjq,aj,g yels jk jd;djrKhla f.dvke.sh
hq;=h' ëjrhska w;ßka b;d úYd, msßila ;ukaf.a
orejka ëjr l¾udka;hg fhduq lsÍfï wNs,dYhla
ke;' th w;HdjYHu o ke;s kuq;a fuhg fya;=j
wd¾Òluh jYfhka hï hym;a ;;a;ajhla mej;sh
o" iudÔhj ;ukaj ms<s.ekSula fkdue;s neúka yd ;ukaf.a orejkag fhda.H
wOHdmkhla ,nd oSug fkdyelsj Tjqka wirK ù we;' tneúka fuu ndOl
ch .ekSug fhda.H ixúOdk jHQy f.dvk.ñka" mj;sk jHQy Yla;su;a lr"
tajd mj;ajd .ekSug wjYHh kdhl;ajh" l<ukdlrK yelshd j¾Okh
lsÍfï ls%hdldß;ajhla f.dvke.sh hq;=h'

iq¿mkak ëjr ldka;djkaf.a odhl;ajh ta w;ßka o ;jÿrg;a fkdi,ld yer

we;' ldka;djkaf.a whs;Ska ;yjqre lsÍu fuu wr.,h ;=<u we;s ;j;a w;
yeßh fkdyels ;j;a wm w;r we;s oejeka;jQ wr.,hls' ëjr mjq,aj, ore
oeßhka ëjr l¾udka;fhka bj;aùfï m%jK;djhla we;s kuq;a" ;uka Ôj;a
jk mßirfha ;srirNdjh i`oyd;a tajdfha ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,sfha ksr;jkakka
yd fufyhqïlrejka yd wëCIlhska njg m;a úh yelsh' 2022 j¾Ih
iq¿mkak ëjr ld¾ólhskaf.a j¾Ih ;=< fï ish,a,kaf.a ueÈy;aùfuka"
iq¿mkak ëjrhskaf.a ;srirNdjh;a" id.r yd c,c mßir moaO;sj, ;srir
meje;au;a" ;srir ixj¾Okh i`oyd iq¿mkak ëjr l¾udka;fha odhl;ajh;a
i`oyd jk ls%hdldß jevms<sfj,lg tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wod< wdh;k" rdcHhka"
rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk" mdßißl yd udkj ysñlï ixúOdk ish,a,ka w;aje,a
ne`of.k ls%hd l< hq;=h' ëjr whs;Ska" udkj ysñlï" hkak wms fuu jir
;=< § wjOdrKh lr ia:dms; lruq'

• 121 •
;srir iq¿mkak ëjr l¾udka;h yd iq¿mkak ëjrhd

iq¿mkak ëjrhdf.a hy meje;au" Okh" b;sydih ixialD;sh iy

wkkH;djh hkdoS ish,a, noaO ù we;af;a c,c mßir moaO;sh u;hs' c,c
mßir moaO;s iq/lSu iq¿mkak ëjrhd iq/lSfï w;HdjYHu wx.hls' fuu
mßir moaO;s ¥IKh lsÍu fyda úkdY lsÍu ëjr m%cdjf.a úkdYhhs'

fuu c,c mßir moaO;Skays wka;¾.; ffcj úúO;ajh iq¿mkak ëjrhskaf.a

iqúfYAIs iïm;hs'

iq¿mkak ëjrhdf.a ;srir ixj¾Okh wksjd¾hfhkau id.rh yd c,c mßir

moaO;skayS hym;a meje;au u; r`od mj;S'

f.da,Sh ;srir wkd.;hlaa i`oyd id.r yd c,c iïm;a iqmßCIdldÍj

Ndú;h w;HdjYHh'

tneúka wmf.a id.r yd c,c iïm;aj, jákdlu y`ÿkd.ksñka" tlai;a

cd;Skaf.a 14 jk ;srir ixj¾Ok b,lalh ch .ekSu i`oyd iyfhda.s;djh
j¾Okh lr .ksñka wLKavju ls%hd;aul jk f,i wmf.a m%cdjf.ka"
rcfhka" wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkh we;=¿ f.da,Sh wdh;kj,ska b,a,uq'

fuh yqol,d ls%hdj,shla fkdjk f.da,Sh m%h;akhla neúka ;srir iq¿mkak

ëjr ld¾ñlhska f.a m%.ukh i`oyd Wkkaÿfjka ls%hdlrk ish,a,ka iu`.
w;aje,a ne`o .ekSu w;HdjYHh'

YS% ,xldfõ iq¿mkak ëjr ck;djg;a iq¿mkak ëjr l¾udka;hg;a t,a, ù

we;s ;¾ck yd wNsfhda. bosßfha

• id.r yd c,c iïm;a" wmf.a iq¿mkak ëjr ld¾ólhdg;a" Tjqkaf.a hy

meje;aug yd" ixialD;shg we;s jeo.;alu wjfndaO lr .ksñka"

• wmf.a id.r yd c,c mßir moaO;shg;a" bka hefmk iq¿mkak

ëjrhdg;a" iïm;a wê iQrd lEug;a" iïm;a wjl<ukdlrKfhka" iy
f.dvìu wdYs%; yd c,h wdYs%; ¥IKfhka yg .kakd ;¾ck y`ÿkd.
ksñka"
• foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi yd mdßißl ¥IK id.r yd c,c mßir moaO;Skag;a"
bka hefmk iq¿mkak ëjr ld¾ólhskag;a" ðjk ud¾.j,g;a isÿ lrk
n,mEu jgyd .ekSug;a"
• 122 •
 • foaY.=Kl
s úm¾hdi ksid iq¿mkak ëjr ld¾ólhskg a we;s lrk wys;lr
n,mEu wju lsÍug CO2 yd óf;aka jdhQ msg lsÍu md,kh lsÍug fhda.Hh
mshjr .ekSfï wjYH;djh wjfndaO lr .ksñka"

• tlai;a cd;Skf
a .a 14 jk ;srir ixj¾Ok b,lalh jk —;srir ixj¾Okh
i`oyd id.r" uqyÿ
q yd id.r iïm;a ixrCIKh lr ;srirj Ndú; lrkak˜ yd
tys b,lal wkqj fjr<dikak mßir moaO;s iy id.r wdrCId lrñka" ;srirj
l<ukdlrKh lrñka tajdhska hefmk iq¿mkak ëjrhska iqrCIs; lruq'

• id.r wdï,SlrKh ùu u`.ska isÿjk n,mEug ms<h

s ï fhoSu yd mdrsirslj
fhda.H fkdjk ;dlaIKsl l%u Ndú;dj ksid wê iQrd lEug ,la jQ u;aiH
.yKhka j¾Okhg bv foñka iq¿mkak ëjrhska wdrCId lsÍu'

• rdcHhka" fm!oa.,sl wxYh iy isú,a iudc ixúOdk id.r yd c,c mßir

moaO;sj, hy meje;au" thska hefmk iq¿mkak ëjr ckhdf.a ðú;j, isÿ
lrk n,mEu ms<n s `oj;a" thska cd;shgu isÿ lrk n,mEu;a wjOdrKh lsÍu'

• iq¿mkak ëjrhdf.a;"a Tjqkf

a .a wkd.; mrïmrdj, ðjk ud¾. i`oyd
wjYHh iïm;a" yd id.r yd c,c mßir moaO;s ixrCIKh i`oyd cd;Hka;r
iyfhda.;
s djfha wjYH;djh b;d ;oska wjOdrKh lruq'

fuu lreKq oskd.ekSug wms ëjr jHdmdrhla f,i lsh

% d l, hq;f
a ;uq'

2022 jir iq¿ mkak ëjr j¾Ifhka Tíng fuu j¾Ih ;=< oskd.;a wjOdkh
bosßhg f.k hdu ioyd wms flfia lsh % d l< hq;= o hkak wm bosrf s ha we;s wNsfhda.
hhs' ëjr m%cdj f,i;a Tjqka yd neÿKqq ixúOdk f,i;a wms fuu lsh % dj,sh ioyd
fhduq ùu l=uk whqrk s a l< hq;= o hkak i|yd wms ie,iqula ms,f s h< l< hq;h = ' ta
;=,k
s a ëjr m%cdj uqyK q fok wNsfhda. ch .ekSu ioyd ksrka;rfhkau Tjqkf a .a
kdhl;ajh ioyd fhduq lsÍug mshjr .; hq;h = ' ëjr jD;a;hS iñ;sh f,i;a"
ëjr ldka;d lsh% dldrs;j a h f,i;a wms ck;djf.a kdhl;ajh bosßhg .ekSug lsh % d
lruq' kuq;a j;auka wd¾Ól foaYmd,ksl wNsfhda. yuqfõ fmdÿ iudÔh lsh % dj,skg a
wj;S¾K ùug Tjqkg a we;s wjldih fldf;la iSñ; fyda ÿIalr jqjo mj;sk
wNsfhda. ch .ekSug Tjqkaf.a ueosy;aùu wksjd¾hh'
ëjr m%cdj n,.ekaùu yer fjk úl,am fkdue;s neúka ta i`oyd wms ish,a,ka
w;aje,a ne`o .ksñka ls%hd;aul fjuq'
y¾uka l=udr
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh

• 123 •
 fkdkj;sk bvï wr.,fha flá igykla

bvï whs;sh uQ,sl lr.ksñka f,dalfha fndfyda wr., f.dvke.S we;s

nj b;sydih lshjk wm ieugu wjfndaO fõ' tu ksid bvu yd ne÷Kq
.eg¨‍ úi|d .ekSug ueÈy;a ùu hkq úYd, ;¾ckhls" n,mEuls' 1948
fmnrjdß 04 jk Èk wm rgg ksoyi ,enqKq od isg rg md,kh l< md,lhka
ixj¾Okh uq,a lr.ksñka bvï nkafoaishl ;nd fjkafoais lrñka isà' 1977
újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;ska rgg f.k tau;a iuÕ f.da,Sh Okjd§ nQj,a,kaf.a
fldgila njg wm rgo m;a úh' ta ksidu udrefjka udrejg wdmq wdKavq
f.k wd ixj¾Ok Wmdh ud¾.sl m%;sm;a;s ksid fjr< l,dmh ;=< Ôj;afjk
mdrïmßl ëjrhka" f.dúhka fukau kd.ßl me,am;ajdiSka yg ;u bvu
/l.ekSu wiSre ld¾hhla njg m;a úh' iq¿mkak ëjrhkaf.a whs;sjdislï
Èkd.ekSu fjkqfjka 1997§ f.dv ke.=k cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh
ck;djf.a bvï whs;sh Èkd .ekSu i|yd o ueÈy;a ùu o isÿúh' ta w;r
mdrïmßl bvï whs;sh iq¿ mkak wdydr ksIamdolhkaf.a bvï yd ne÷K
Ôúf;a jákdlu r|jd .ekSu" rg ;=< f.dvke.=kq N+ñh mokï lr.;a
ck wr., ksid mSvdjg m;ajQ oñ< ck;djf.a bvï wdrlaIl wxY úiska
w;am;alr .ekSug tfrysj" Bkshd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;Ska l%shd;aul lsÍug uyd
mßudK iud.ïj,g oyia .Kkska bvï ,nd §ug tfrysj" ldka;djkaf.a
bvï whs;sh Wfoid ke.S isàu" mdßißl moaO;sh wdrlaId lsÍu i|yd
ixfõ§ mdßißl moaO;s whq;= mßyrKhg tfrysj" jHdmdßlhka iy
foaYmd,k{hdka lsisÿ kS;shlg hg;a fkdú oejeka; bvï uxfld,a,hkag
tfrysj ck;dj iu. ueÈy;aj cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh fmruqK
.kakd ,§' úfYaIfhkau 2004 j¾Ifha iqkdñ jHikfhka miqj" 2009 j¾Ifha
hqoaOfhka miqj we;s jQ oejeka; bvï uxfld,af,g ueÈy;aùu ksid cd;sl
êjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg rdcH wxYj,ska iy wdrlaIl wxYj,ska n,mEï
iy ;¾ck we;s jQ wjia:d tugh' tu wNsfhda. yuqfõ wfkl=;a ixúOdk
iuÕ cd, .; ùfuka jir 25 l fï ck;d bvï whs;sh Èkd .ekSfï
wr.,hkaj, ;jÿrg;a ksr; ùu b;du jeo.;ah'

fuu miq . s h jir 25 ;= < ck;dj iuÕ tla j is ÿ l< wr.,j,§

fndfyda m% ; s m ;a ; S k a ßis f ia l% s h d;a u l ls Í ug n,OdÍka g fkdyels úh'
fjr< l,dmh ;= < bvï /l .ekS u g ' ixfõ§ mßir moa O ;s wdrla I d
lr .ekS u g yels ù u" hq o a O fhka miq j w;a m ;a lr.;a W;= r e kef.kys r
ck;djf.a bvï j,s k a is h hg 75l muK kej; tu ck;djg ,nd
.ekS u g yels ù u' bvï wK mk;a idOkS h

• 124 •
f,i fjkia lsÍug yelsùu" cd;sl cd;Hka;r f,i bvï whs;sh i|yd jQ
wfkl=;a cd,hka iuÕ taldnoaO ù jev lsÍug yelsùu" jeks ch.%yKhka o
fï miq.sh jir 25 ;=< meyeÈ,sj oelsh yelsh' ,enQ ch.%yK j,g jvd wo
jk úg rg f.dv ke.S we;s wd¾Ól foaYmd,k w¾nqo yuqfõ b;sßj we;s bvï
iq¿ mßudK ksIamdolhka i|yd /l .ekSu w;s uy;a .eg¨jla njg m;a
fjñka mj;S' tu ksid hd hq;= uÕ fmrg jvd wNsfhda.d;aul yd ;¾ckd;aul
ùu je<elaúh fkdyelsh' ta ksid ;j ;j;a mkakrh ,nñka cd;sl êjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh tu wNsfhda. yuqfõ ck;djf.a bvï whs;sh rfÜ iq¿
wdydr ksIamdolhkaf.a bvï whs;sh /l .ekSu i|yd ish¨‍u kdhlhskag —
cd,hkag Yla;shla ffO¾hhla m%d¾:kd lrk w;r cd;sl êjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrhgtys idudðlhkag —ck;d jHdmdrhkag Yla;sh ffO¾hh fukau
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d õhdmdrh ck;djf.a yo .eiaula jQjd fiau ck;d
jHdmdrhla f,i ;jÿrg;a bÈßhg hkakg yelsfõjd hkak wm me;=uhs'

ms%hxlr fldia;d
m%cd wNs,dY cd,h

• 125 •
 m%;sm;a;s wOHhk wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh
cd;sl m%;sm;a;s iEu úgu mdfya f.dvkef.kafka jeä ÈhqKq l<
ixj¾Ok Wmdh ud¾. yryd iïm;a l<ukdlrKh iy ksIamdokh jeä
lsÍu flfrys m%Odk wjOdkh fhduq lrñks' ck;d iún, .ekaùï ;=<ska
wNsudkfhka yd f.!rjfhka Ôj;aùu i|yd iudc ixj¾Okh by< kexùu
iy ;sridr ixj¾Okh i|yd Tjqkaf.a odhl;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu flfrys
jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lsÍfuka m%cdjkag m%;s,dN ,efnkq we;'

wdydr iqrlaIs;;dj iy fmdaIKh i|yd ëjr l¾udka;fha odhl;ajh jeä

ÈhqKq lsÍu iy m%udKj;a wdydr i|yd we;s whs;sh idlaId;a lr .ekSug
iydh ùu" ëjr m%cdjf.a ÿ.S nj ;=rka lsÍu" iudkd;au;d ixj¾Okh iy
;sridr iïm;a Ndú;h idlaId;a lr .ekSu" wjOdkug ,laúh yels iy
wdka;sl lKavdhïj, wjYH;d flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrùu wd§ b;d
ixfõ§ lreKq lrKd i,ld n,ñka ;srir ëjr m%;sm;a;shl wjYH;dj
u;= lrñka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh úiska 2001 jif¾ isg ck;dj
oekqj;a lsÍu iu. oekqj;a ëjr ck;djf.a woyia fhdackd iys; m%;sm;a;s
fhdackd f.dvke.Sfï l%shdj<shl ksr; úh'

jir 2003 § tjlg isá ëjr wud;Hjrhdj isá pkaøfiak úfÊisxy wud;Hjrhd
fj; —;srir ëjr m%;sm;a;sh˜ i|yd fhdackd ud,dj uyck;djf.a w;aika
450"000la iuÕ ,nd fok ,o w;r tjla mgka ;srir ëjr m%;sm;a;shla
fjkqfjka ck;d y~ wjê lrñka n,mEï l%shdj<shl ksr; ùuq'

iqkdñ jHikfhka wk;=rej tjl mej;s rch úiska f.k wd kj kS;s uÕska
ëjr ck;djf.a Ôjfkdamdhka iy meje;au ms<sn| mSvkhla we;s lrkq
,eîh' ëjr m%cdj fjrf<ka bj;a lrñka tu bvï uyd mßudK jHdmD;s iy
ixpdrl jHdmdrh fj; fhduq lrùfï uQ,sl mshjr f,i ógr 100 isg 300
olajd jq wdrlaIs; l,dmhla fjka lsÍug .;a mshjrg iy wl%uj;a ixj¾Ok
l%shdj,shg tfrys m%n, m%;sm;a;s n,mEï l%shdj,shl ksr; ùug cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh uQ,sl;ajh f.k lghq;= lrkq ,enQ w;r fjr< ;Srfha
ck;d whs;sh tu ;¾ckfhka hï muKlg fyda wdrlaId lr.ekSu i|yd
odhl ùu wm ,enQ ch.%yKhls' flfia kuq;a ëjrhskaf.a hd;%d kex.=rï ,Eug
yd uiqka f.dvnEug we;s ia:dk yd fjr< wdY%s; bvï w;am;a lr.ksñka
ixpdrl iy fjk;a l¾udka; fj; fhduq lrùfï md,lhskaf.a W;aidyh
w;a fkdyer we;sjd fiau tajd wdrlaId lr .ksñka ck;djf.a whs;sh ;yjqre
lsÍfï wmf.a W;aidyh o ksud fkdù mj;S'

• 126 •
l,dmSh yd cd;Hka;r ixúOdk fuka u tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wkqnoaO wdh;k
iu`. tlaj cd;Hka;r ;,fha m%;sm;a;s l%shdoduhka fj; odhlùug wmyg
yels úh'

;srir iq¿mßudK ëjr l¾udka;h yd ëjrhd wdrlaId lr .ekSu mrud¾:h

lr .ksñka f,dal wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkh úiska f.dvk.kq ,enQ
—;srir iq¿mkak ëjr l¾udka;fha iqrlaIs;;dj i|yd jk u`.fmkaùï
ud,dj˜ i|yd Y%S ,xldfõ ëjr ck;d fhdackd ,nd foñka 2008 jif¾ isg
2014 § cd;Hka;r tlÕ;djfhka hq;=j u.fmkaùï ud,dj iïu; lr .kakd
f;la tu cd;Hka;r l%shdj,shg il%Sh odhl;ajh ,nd §ug cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ueÈy;a úh'

u`.fmkaùï ud,dj cd;Hka;r lDIsl¾u ixúOdkh úiska iïu; lr .;a

jydu isxy, iy fou< nig mßj¾;kh l< fhdackd ck;dj fj; f.khñka
ta ms<sn| Tjqkf.a oekqj;aNdjh by< oeóug fuka u m%;sm;a;s ;Srlhka fj;
n,mEï lrñka u`.fmkaùï u; mokï j m%;sm;a;s f.dvke.Sug n,mEï
Èh;a lrkq ,eîh'

2017 j¾Ifha wdrïN l< cd;sl ëjr m%;sm;a;shla f.dvke.Sfï rdcH

l%shdj,shg ueÈy;a fjñka thg ck;d fhdackd f.dkq lr foñka yd wjYH
ixfYdaOk fmkajd foñka m%.;sYS,s cd;sl ëjr m%;sm;a;shla f.dvk.d.ekSug
;jÿrg;a m%n, f,i W;aidyd .ksñka isáuq'

Y%S ,xldjg wjYH jkafka kS;sh iy ck;d n,h hk folu ms<s.ksñka

f.dvkef.k Yla;su;a jHjia:dms; ;;a;ajhls' úuOH.; m%dfoaYSh m%cdjkag
.u mokï lr.;a jHjia:dkql+, kS;s l%shd;aul lsÍug bv i,iñka jeä
n,hla ,nd Èh hq;=h hkak ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha oelauhs' ëjr
l¾udka;h iïnkaOfhka o wm" mdrïmßl whs;shg .re lrñka fukau kS;s
iïm;a l<uKdlrK l%shdj<sh ;=< ck;d iyNd.S;ajhg uQ,sl;ajh Èh hq;=
h hkak wmf.a ms<s.ekSuhs'

jir 20lg jeä ld, mrdihla ;=< isÿ lrkq ,enQ m%;sm;a;s n,mEï l%shdj<sh
ck;d ys;jd§ iy mdßißl ;srir ëjr m%;sm;a;shla rgg ysñ jk f;la
iy th id¾:lj l%shdjg kexfjk f;la wkjr;j isÿ lsÍug cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh úiska lghq;= lrkq we;'
kd,l frdihsfrda
m%;sm;a;s jevigyka iïnkaëldrl
• 127 •
 ldka;d wxYfha ls%hdldß;ajh
1997 j¾Ifha§ cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iajdëkj lghq;= lsÍu
wdrïN lsÍu;a iuÕ iq¿mkak ëjr ck;djf.a whs;Ska fjkqfjka fmkS
isáñka Tjqka iuÕ noaOj lghq;= lsÍfï§ úfYaIfhka ëjr l¾udka;hg
wdY%s; /lshdj, ksr; jk f.dùka" ldka;djka iuÕ Tjqkaj n,.ekaùu i|yd
úúO l%shdldrlï l%shd;aul lrñka Tjqka iuÕ noaOj lghq;= lrk ,§'

ysgmq mßmd,k f,alï;=ñh jq .S;d ,lañKs uy;añh iy ßiañhd niS¾

uy;añh" frdaiafïÍ hk uy;aóka 1997 isg 2008 olajd jirj,§ cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrfha ldka;d wxYh Ndrj lghq;= lrkq ,enQy' tfukau fï
ish¨ jevigyka i`oyd cd;sl le|jqïldr;=udf.a Wmfoia iy u`.fmkaùï
,nd ÿka w;r weka;ks fÊiqodika uy;d tu jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍug
wjYH ish¨u iyh iy iïnkaëlrKh isÿ lrk ,§'

2004 foieïn¾ ui 26 jk osk wm ieu fkdis;= fkdme;= fudfyd;l iqkdñh

meñKSu;a iuÕ cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh jevigyka l%shd;aul
jq .d,a," ud;r" ó.uqj" wïmdr" hdmkh yd ;%sl=Kdu,h hk osia;%slalj,
f.dvk.d we;s osia;%sla ldka;d lñgq il%sh lrñka wïmdr iy hdmkh hk
osia;%slalj, osia;%sla ldka;d lñgq f.dvk.ñka úl,am wd¾Òl l%shdj,sh iy
miq wiajkq l%shdj,Ska ms<sn|j ldka;djkag mqyqKq ,ndfoñka Tjqkaf.a wd¾Òlh
Yla;su;a lsÍug lghq;= lrk ,§'

ia;%S mqreI iudcNdjh iy ldka;d iún, .ekaùu cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d

jHdmdrfha m%Odk wxYhls' wm ixúOdkfha idudðlhkaf.ka nyq;rh
ldka;djkah' ëjr wxYfha" lDIsld¾ñl wxYfha ldka;djka" lïlre ldka;djka"
j;=lrfha ldka;djka iudc ixj¾Okfha § i,ld n,k m%Odk wxYhls' ia;%S
mqreI iudcNdjfha idudkd;aul;djh j¾Okh lsÍu fjkqfjka lghq;= lsÍu
m%uqL lreKla ksid tla mshjrla f,i cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrh
l%shd;aul jk osia;%slal 15 ys ia;%s mqreI iudcNdjh ms<sn|j wOHkhla Èh;a
lr thska ,nd .;a f;dr;=re mokï lr .ksñka fmd;la ks¾udKh lr ta
yryd úúO jevigyka l%shd;aul lrk ,oS'

tfukau ;j;a tla úfYaI lghq;a;la f,i wm jevigyka l%shd;aul jk

osia;%slalj, ldka;d ksfhdað;hska lKavdhula iuÕ j;=lrfha Ôj;a jk
lïlre ldka;djka úosk mSvdj iy Tjqkaf.a Ôjk w;aoelSï fnod .ekSu
i|yd w;aoelSï yqjudre jevigykla meje;a úh'
• 128 •
2006 j¾Ifha cd;Hka;r ldka;d osk ieureu mokï lr.ksñka wdrCIdj
iys; f.!rjkSh Ôú;hla i|yd kef.kysr ldka;d ixj¾Ok jevigyk
f,i jd¾:djla ilia lrñka kef.kysr m<d;a iNdfõ uy weu;s;=udg Ndr
oSu isÿ lrk ,§'

ia;%S - mqreI iyfhda.fhka ldka;djkag yd .eyeKq orejkag tfrys

m%pkaKv;ajh msgq olsuq hk f;audj uQ,sl lr.;a c.;a ldka;d Èkh
wÜgd,ÉfÉk ^wIafrd*a& l%Svdx.KfhaoS mj;ajk ,oS' fï i|yd ud;r"
yïnkaf;dg" .d,a," l¿;r" ó.uqj" l=reKE.," fmdf<dkakrej" mq;a;,u"
;%sl=Kdu,h hk Èia;%slalj, ldka;d kdhsldjka yd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d
cd,fha l%shdOrhska iyNd.s jQy' tfukau tysoS úfYaIfhka fuu W;aijfha
b;du;a jeo.;a wx.h jQfha udi yhla jeks oS¾> ld,hla kef.kysr m<df;a
^wïmdr yd ;%sl=Kdu,h& Èia;%slalj, .ïudk 30 l ldka;djka iu`. Èh;a
lrk ,o ksrka;r ixjdofha m%;sM,hla jQ kef.kysr Wodkh - kef.kysr
m<df;a ldka;djkag iqúfYaI jq .eg¨ yd ta i|yd Tjqka úiska u bÈßm;a
lrkq ,enq úi`ÿï fhdackd iys; ixfoaYhla w;aika 25000 wêl w;aika iys;
j,x.=;djhla hq;a fm;aiula f,i kef.kysr m<df;a m%Odk wud;Hjrhd jk
Ysjfkai;=ffrhs pkaøldka;ka uy;dh fj; Ndr oSu isÿ lrk ,§'

2009 jif¾ cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrfha ldka;d wxYh Ndrj isá
ks,Odß;=ñhf.a bj;a ùu;a iuÕ ldka;d wxYh bosßhg f.khEug ud yg
Ndr úh' tu wjia:dfõoS ldka;d jevigyk l%shd;aul lsÍug cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.S;djfha cd;sl le|jqïldr;=ud y¾uka l=udr uy;d iyd tjlg isá
mßmd,k f,alï;=ñh .S;d ,lañKs uy;añh Wmfoia ,ndfoñka uÕfmkajñka,
ud osßu;a l< w;r m<uqfjkau udf.a ld¾hNdrh jQfha hqoaOh wjidk ùu;a
iuÕ W;=re kef.kysr osia;%slal 07 uQ,sl lrf.k .DyuQ,sl;ajhg m;a iy
wj;ekajq ldka;d lKavdhï f.dvke.Suhs' tysoS .%dóh uÜgñka" osia;%slal
uÜgñka" m<d;a uÜgñka iy cd;sl uÜgñka ldka;d lKavdhï f.dvke.Sug
wjYH u`.fmkaùu iïnkaëlrKh iy iïmQ¾K iyh weka;kS fÊiqodika
uy;d ,nd fok ,oS Tyq l%shd;aul lrk jHdmd;Sj, ldka;djka n,i;=lrKh
i|yd úúO l%shdldrlï wx.= neúka j¾;udkfha o ish¨ ldka;d jevigyka
i|yd wjYH ish¨ iyh Tyq úiska ,nd fokq ,nhs' tfukau" úfYaI ldka;d
jevigyka l%shd;aul lsrSfïoS mrsmd,k f,alï m%osma jks.iQrsh uy;d we;=¿
ld¾hdxYfha ifydaor ifydaorshka iïmQ¾K odhl;ajh ,nd fok w;r osia;%sla
iïnkaëldrljre iïnkaëldrljrshka iy icSjl icSúldjka iyh oelaùu
isÿ lrkq ,nhs'
• 129 •
ldka;d yd ixj¾Ok jevigyka bosßhg f.khEfïos úfYaIfhka ia;%S mqreI
iudcNdjfha iu idOdrK;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd ldka;djka iún, .ekaùu
i|yd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ldka;d wxYh u`.ska m%Odk wxY 02
la Tiafia l%shd;aul fõ'

1. oekqj;a lsÍï yd mqyK

q q jevigyka ;=<k
s a ldka;djka n, i;=lrKh lsÍu'

1. wdodhï W;amdokh i|yd ueosy;a ùï ;=<ska ldka;djkaf.a wd¾Òlh

Yla;su;a lsÍu isÿ lsrSu'

2009 j¾Ifha§ uehs 18 hqoaOh wjika ùu;a iuÕ W;=re kef.kysr .DyuQ,sl
ldka;djka iy wj;ekajq ldka;djka iuÕ l%shd;aul ùu

jir 30 l l=ßre hqoaOh wjika ùu;a iuÕ W;=re kef.kysr m%foaYj, úYd,
ixLHdjla ñh f.dia Tjqkaf.a ish¨ foam, úkdYhg m;a úh' iDcqj hqoaOh
fya;=fjka yd ta wdY%s; ldrKd ksid .DyuQ,sl;ajhg m;a ldka;djka 84000
isák nj úúO jd¾:dj, i|yka jQj;a miqld,Skj jd¾:d jQfha 55000 f,ihs'
;u mjqf,a idudðlhska ñh f.dia ;ukaa Ôj;a jQ bvu iy ksji ish,a, wysñj
lvd jegqKq ck Ôú;h h<s f.dvke.Su i|yd hqoaOh ksid .DyuQ,sl;ajhg
m;ajQ iy wj;ekajQ ldka;djka n,i;= lsÍu i|yd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d
jHdmdrfha ldka;d wxYh úiska W;=re m<df;a hdmkh" uq,a,;sõ" ls,sfkdÉÑh"
ukakdru iy kef.kysr m<df;a uvl,mqj" ;%sl=Kdu,h iy wïmdr hk
osia;%slalj, f;dard .;a .ïudkj, .%dóh ldka;d lñgq f.dvk.d tu lñgq
i|yd ks,OdÍ uKav,hla m;a lr .ksñka udislj l%shd;aul jk w;r tu lñgq
ksfhdackfhka osia;s%la ldka;d lñgq f.dvk.k ,os' tu osia;%sla ldka;d lñgq
;=<ska úfYaIfhka hqoaOh ksid .DyuQ,sl;ajhg m;ajQ yd wj;ekajQ yd wdka;sl
mjq,aj, ldka;djka uqyqKq fok m%Yak" .eg¨ iy mSvdldÍ ;;ajhkaj,g
úi`ÿï fiùug;a úúO oekqj;a lsÍï Tiafia kdhl;ajh f.dvk.ñka rdcH
wdh;kj,g f.dia ks,OdÍka yuqùu idlÉPd lsÍu' fm;aiï ,ndosu yd
wfkl=;a n,mEï ls%hdj,ska osh;a lsÍu isÿ lrk ,oS' osia;%slal uÜgñka
ldka;d kdhl;ajfhka iy cjfhka l%shd;aul ùu ;=<ska ta yryd osia;%sla
uÜgñka fï jk úg ,nd.;a úi`ÿï ch.%yK fndfydauhla we;'

miqj ol=Kq m%foaYh ksfhdackh lrk osia;%slalj,o osia;%sla ldka;d lñgq

f.dvk.ñka .%dóh uÜgñka ldka;djka uqyqK fok .eg¨ osia;%slalhg
f.kú;a idlÉPd ixjdo lr tajd úi|d .ekSug fmdÿ ;Skaÿ ;SrK .ekSu yd
• 130 •
bosß jev ie,iqï ilia lrñka l%shd;aul ùu fï jk úg cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrh l%shd;aul jk osia;%slal 15 lu osia;%sla ldka;d lñgq
msysgqjd udi 02 lg jrla osia;%sla ldka;d lñgqj mj;ajñka l%shd;aul fõ'

úfYaI ldrKdjla f,i W;=re kef.kysr m%foaYj, hqoaOh ksid .DyuQ,sl;ajhg

m;ajQ iy wNHka;ßlj wj;ekajq ldka;djka i|yd jirl muK ld,hla udi
02 lg jrla úh<s i,dl ,ndoSu isÿ lrk ,oS' tysoS úfYaIfhka hdmkfha
osia;%slalfha l|jqrej, Ôj;ajq .DyuQ,sl ldka;djka 140 i|yd wLKvj udi
06 ld,hla ;=< fuu úh<s i,dl ,ndoSu isÿ lrk ,oS'

cd;sl ëjr ldka;d iïfï,kh f.dvke.Su - 2014

osia;%sla uÜgñka mj;ajk ldka;d lñgqj, ks,Odß uKav,fhka tla

osia;%slalhlska ldka;d kdhsldjka 03 ne`.ska ksfhdackfhka osia;%sla 15 ys
ldka;d khsldjka 45 iyNd.S;ajfhka 2014 jif¾ iema;eïn¾ ui cd;sl
ëjr ldka;d iïfï,kh f.dvk.k ,oS' tys isxy," fou< iy uqia,sï hk
m%Odk ckjd¾.sl lKavdhï ;=k ksfhdackh lrk w;r m%Odk wd.ï 04
ksfhdackh lrkq ,nhs' cd;sl ëjr ldka;d iïfï,kh msysgqùfï m%Odk
wruqKq jQfha osia;%sla uÜgñka ëjr" f.dú iy lïlre lafI;% ksfhdackh
lrñka idudÔh" wd¾Ól iy ixialD;sl yd foaYmd,ksl jYfhka ldka;djka
uqyqK fok .eg¨ i|yd fmdÿfõ úi`ÿï fiùug;a cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r
uÜgñka ldka;djkaf.a whs;sjdislï ;yjqre lsÍu fjkqfjka fmkS isàug;a
ldka;djkaf.a Yla;sh tla /ia lrñka cd;sl uÜgñka Yla;su;a ldka;d
lKavdhula f.dvk.ñka cd;sh w;r ixys¢hdj f.dvk.ñka l%shd;aul fõ'

tfukau" cd;sl ldka;d iïfï,kh ldka;d whs;sjdislï ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd

cd;Hka;r hdka;%K iuÕ iïnkaO ù we;' tfiau" ixúOdkfha úúO ldka;d
jHQy wfkl=;a jHdmdr" ldka;d ixúOdk" isú,a ixúOdk" rcfha ks,OdÍka"
jD;a;Sh iñ;s iy l,dmSh iy cd;sl uÜgfï m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhska iuÕ
iïnkaëlrKh mj;ajñka Tjqka iuÕ lghq;= lrkq ,nhs'

cd;sl ëjr ldka;d iïfï,kh yryd ldka;djkaf.a whs;Ska oskd .ekSu i|yd
ueosy;aùï

• 2015 jif¾oS ukakdru ;%sl=Kdu,h iy .ïmy ^ó.uqj& hk osia;%slalj,

rdcH ks,OdÍka iy foaYmd,k wêldßh iyNd.s lr.ksñka cd;Hka;r
ldka;d oskh iurkq ,eîu'
• 131 •
• 2015'07'22 j¾Ifha W;=re kef.kysr hqoaOfhka mSvdjg m;a ck;dj
úfYaIfhka .DyuQ,sl ldka;djka m%Odk jYfhka hdmkfha l|jqrej,
Ôj;ajk ldka;djka uqyqK fok .eg¨ ms<sn`oj ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,
lsysmhl ksfhdað;hska le|jd Tjqka fj; bosßm;a lsrSu ;=<ska ta ms<sn|j
wjOdkh ,nd .ekSug yelsùu'

tosku m%Odk udOH wdh;k ksfhdakh lrñka udOHfõoSka le|jd W;=re

kef.kysr hqoaOfhka mSvdjg m;a ck;dj úfYaIfhka ldka;djka
uqyqK fok .eg¨ ms<sn`oj udOHg bosßm;a lsrSu ;=<ska ol=K ksfhdackh
lrk m%foaYj, Ôj;ajk ck;djf.a wjOdkh ,nd .ekSug yd wod<
n,OdÍkaf.a wjOdkh ,nd .ekSu'

• 2013 j¾Ifha W;=re kef.kysr osia;%slal 07 la ksfhdackh lrñka ldka;d

kdhsldjka iuÕ bkaoshdfõ l=, m%Yakh ksid oeä mSvkhlg ,laj we;s
o,s;a ldka;d lKavdhï iu. w;aoelSï yqjudre jeigyka meje;aùug
yels ùu'

• hqoO
a h wjidk ùu;a iuÕ uysko a rdcmCI we;=¿ rch W;=re m%foaYh lsiu
s
wj;eka l|jqrla fkdue;s nj m%ldY l< o cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.;S d jHdmdrh
1990 j¾Ifha hdmkfha wj;eka ù Ôj;a jq ck;dj l`ojqrej, Ôj;ajk nj
;yjqre lsÍu i`oyd l`ojqre wYs;% j wOHkhla osh;a l< w;r tu wOHkh
yryd hqoOa h 2009 wjika ù 2015 j¾I jk úg;a l|jqre 43 ;sfnk nj
;yjqre lrf.k ta ms<n s | wOHk jd¾:djla ilia lr th t<soelaùu i`oyd
fld<Uos cd;sl jYfhka idlÉPdjla ixúOdkh lr rcfha ks,OdÍka yd
isú,a ixúOdkhg wdrOdkd lr i;H meyeos,s lr W;=f¾ h:d¾:h wjfndaO
lr osu iy 2015'09'07 osk tu wOHhk jd¾:dj t<soelaùu'

• osfkka osk j¾Okh jk <ud ysxik iy <ud wmfhdack je,elaùu i|yd

läkï l%h s dud¾. .kakd f,i wod< n,OdÍkag n, lrñka cd;Hka;r <ud
oskh mokï lr.ksñka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; S d jHdmdrh l%h
s d;aul fjk
osi;
a l
s% a 15 l 2015'10'01 osk tlu fõ,djl§ osi;
a l
s% l
a uÜgñka Woaf>daIK
jHdmdrhla meje;aùu iy udOH wjOdkh ,nd .ekSug yelsùu'

• W;=re m<d;a ldka;d lghq;= wud;H;=ñh iuÕ wjia:d lsysmhloS

idlÉPd" ixjdo lr miqj 2018'06'08 jk osk W;=re m<d;a iNdfõ
ldka;d lghq;= wud;H;=ñh wdkkaos YIsOrka uy;añh iuÕ W;=re
m<df;a ldka;djka i|yd ixj¾Ok jevms<sfj,la ilia lsÍu'

• 132 •
• 2016 jif¾ fudähq, 07 la u; mokïj tkï" tys m<uq fudähq,h
f,i" rch isú,a ixúOdk mqrjeishf.a j.úu yd ld¾hNdrh" fojk
fudähq,h f,i mqoa.,sl wkkH;djhka cd;sl;ajh yd ixysoshdj
f;jk fudähq,h f,i ia;%sjdoh yd ia;%s mqreI jdoh isõjk fudähq,h
f,i wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s yd mqrjeishd" miajk fudähq,h f,i wdydr
iajhsr;ajh yd Ôj;aùfï whs;sh" yhjk fudähq,h f,i mßirh
yd f.da,Sh foaY.=Ksl w¾nqoh" y;ajk fudähq,h f,i iudc jHdmdr
yd ck;dj n,i;= lsÍu yd cd,.; lsÍu hk f;aud hgf;a oekqj;a
lrñka ldka;d kdhl;aj ixÑ;hla f.dvke.Su i|yd kdhl;aj mqyqKqj
meje;aùu - m<uq mqyqKqj Y%S úuqla;s ldka;d ixúOdkfhka wjika lrk
,§" tu mqyqKqju .d,a," ud;r" l¿;r" W;=re kef.kysr osia;%slal 07
ys meje;aùu iy cd;sl uÜgñka Èk ;=kl jevuq¿jla mj;ajkq ,eîug
yelsùu

• 2017 jif¾oS W;=re m%foaYfha hdmkh" ukakdru" uq,a,;sõ iy ls,sfkdÉÑh

hk osia;%slal y;r mokï lr .ksñka hqoaOfhka miqj .DyuQ,sl;ajhg
m;ajq iy wj;ekajQ ldka;djka idudÔh" wd¾Òl" ixiald;sl yd
foaymd,ksl jYfhka uqyqK fok mSvk ms<sn|j .ïudk 30 la mokï
lr.ksñka o;a; /ia lsÍu iy jd¾;d ilia lsÍu is¥ lrk ,oS

2017 jif¾ ud¾;= 14 jk osk cd;Hka;r ldka;d oskh mokï lr.ksñka

fuu jd¾:dj t<soelaùu is¥lrkq ,eîh'

• 2017'05'09 oskg wLKavj osk 79 olajd w;=reoykajq mqoa.,hskaf.a mjq,aj,

ldka;djka l%shd;aul lrk Woaf>daIK jHdmdrhg iyfhda.h oelaùu'

• 2019 jif¾ osia;%slal 15 ka ldka;djka 07 ne.ska iyNd.s lrjd .sksñka

osk 02 kdhl;aj jevuq¿jla mj;ajd ldka;d kdhsldjka 100 f.dvke.Sfï
jevms<sfj, wdrïN lsÍu yryd W;=re kef.kysr yd ol=K ksfhdackh
lrñka ëjr" f.dú" lïlre iy hqoaOh ksid .DyuQ,sl;ajhg m;a iy
wj;ekajq ldka;djkaf.a whs;Ska iqrCIs; lsÍu i|yd ueosy;aj wLKavj
lghq;= lsÍu i|yd fuu ldka;d kdhsldjka fhduq lsÍu'

• 133 •
• 2016 cd;Hka;r ldka;d Èkh ieuÍu - fld<U

ldka;djka i|yd m%;sm;a;shl wjYH;djh os.ska os.gu idlÉPd l<

ixjdo l< cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHddmrfha ldka;d wxYh úiska
ldka;d m%;sm;a;shla ilia lsÍug wjYH fhdackd osia;%sla 15 l osia;%sla
ldka;d lñgq iuÕ idlÉPd lr tu fhdackd ,ndf.k cd;sl ldka;d
m%;sm;a;shla f.dvke.Su i|yd fhdackdj,sh ldka;d yd <ud lghq;=
wud;HdxYfha ldka;d lghq;= wud;Hjßh fj; Ndr §u' miqj tjlg
mej;s rch úiska ldka;d lghq;= wud;HdxYh úiska ilia lrk ,o
ldka;d m%;sm;a;s flgqïm;g wm úiska ,ndÿka fhdackd we;=<;a lsÍu'

• 2016 jif¾ tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha iSfvda lñgqj fj; iudka;r

jd¾:djla bosßm;a lsÍu'

2016 jif¾ úúO fCIa;% ksfhackh jk ldka;d ixúOdk iy isú,a

ixúOdk lsysmhla talrdYS ù isfvda l%shdldß;ajh i|yd isú,a iudc
iduQySlh f,i cd,hla f.dvk.ñka ta ta fCIa;% ksfhdackh lrk
ldka;djka uqyqK fok .eg¨ iSfvda m%{ma;shg wod< j.ka;s 16 Tiafia
ilia fldg tu .eg¨ úioSu i|yd ks¾foaY bosßm;a lrñka iudka;r
jd¾:djla ilia lsrSu isÿ lrk ,oS miqj 2016'12'15 osk tys wka;¾.;
lreKq ms<sn|j ldka;d lghq;= wud;HdxYfha cd;sl ldka;d lñgqfõ
iNdm;s;=ñhg wdrdOkd lr tu lreKq bosßm;a lr tu jd¾:dj tlai;a
cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha iSfvda lñgqjg bosßm;a lrk ,oS bka miqj iSfvda
lñgqj úiska ldka;d lghq;= wud;HdYhg bosrsm;a lrk ,o ks¾foaY j,
wm úiska bosrsm;a l< iudka;r jd¾:dfõ we;s ks¾foaY wka;.; ù ;sîu
yd ta ms<sn|j .%dóh uÜgñka" cd;sl uÜgñka ldka;djka iuÕ idlÉPd
lr tu ks¾foaY l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd wod< n<OdrSkag n, lrñka úúO
l%shdud¾. l%shd;aul lsÍu'

2021 j¾Ifha;a fuu iudka;r jd¾:dj ilia lr 2021'12'14 jk osk

ldka;d lghq;= wud;dHxYfha n,OdÍkag wdrdOkd lr tys we;s lreKq
bosßm;a lr 2023 j¾Ifha iSfvda lñgqjg bosßm;a lsÍug wjYH lghq;=
iQodkïlr we;'

• cd;Hka;r ldka;d Èk ieuÍu - 2017$2018$2019- jjqkshdfõ" hdmkh

iy ó.uqj hk osia;%slalj, mj;ajk ,oS'

• 134 •
fuysoS iSfvda ks¾foaY l%h s d;aul lsÍug n,OdÍka fm<Uùu wruqKq lrf.k
fuu ldka;d Èk mj;ajk ,§' fuu ldka;d osk i|yd rdcH ks<OdrSka foaYmd,k
wëldrsh ksfhdackh lrñka ksfhdac; s hska wd.ól kdhlhska isú,a ixúOdk
ksfhdac;hska osi;
a l
s% l
a 15 ysu ldka;djka iy mqreIhska 500 jvd msri
s la iïnkaO
úh.

• hqoaOfhka miq úfYaIfhka W;=re m<df;a ldka;djka uqyqK fok m%Odk

.eg¿ ;sfnk neúka W;=re m<d;g wh;a osia;%slal 05 ys osia;%sla lñgq
ksfhdackh lrk ldka;djkaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka 2019'09'14 W;=re m<d;a
ldka;d iïfï,kh f.dvke.Su is¥ lrk ,oS tysoS tla osklg kdhl;aj
mqyqKq jevigykla mj;ajk ,oS'

• 2020'07'11$12$13 oskj, osia;%slal 15 ys ldka;d kdhsldjka 45 l ksfhdackfhka

osk 03 l jeuq¿jla mj;ajd W;=r kef.kysr iy ol=K m%foaYj,
ldka;djka uqyqK fok idudÔh" wd¾Ól ixialD;sl yd foaYmd,ksl m%Yak
fudkjdo hkak .eTqßka ú.%y lr .ksñka úfYaIfhka ldka;djka kshef,k
/lshd fudkjdo tau /lshdj, kshe,SfïoS uqyqK fok .eg¨ fudkjdo
hkak y`ÿkdf.k tajd .eNqrska ú.%y lrf.k thska m%Odk jYfhka uQ,sl
m%d.aOkh, kj ;dCIKh yd fj<|fmd, hk m%Odk ldreKq 03 mokï
lr.ksñka ,shú,a,la ilia lr kej; tu ,shú,af,a we;s lreKq .%dóh
uÜgñka osia;%sla uÜgñka m%;sfmdaIKh lrñka n,mEï ,shú,al ilia lsrSu'

• 2021 cd;Hka;r ldka;d oskh mj;ajñka ilia lrk ,o n,mEï ,shú,a,

ldka;d lghq;= wud;HdxYfha wod< n,OdÍkag yd foaYmd,k wêldrhg ,nd
fok ,oS fuu ldka;d osk ieureu i|yd wd.ól kdhlhska isú,a ixúOdk
ksfhdac;hska iy osi;
a l
s% l
a 15 ldka;djka 200 muK ldka;djka iy mqreIhska
iyNd.S úh'

• hqoaOfhka miq úfYaIfhka kef.kysr m<df;a ldka;djka uqyqK fok m%Odk

.eg¨ ;sfnk neúka kef.kysr m<d;g wh;a osia;%slal 03 ys osia;%sla lñgq
ksfhdackh lrk ldka;djkaf.a iyNd.S;ajfhka 2021.02.10 - 11 kef.kysr
m<d;a ldka;d iïfï,kh f.dvke.Su iy kdhl;aj mqyqKq jevigykla
mj;ajk ,§'

• 2006 j¾Ifha ldka;d oskh mokï lr.ksñka kef.kysr Wodkh kñka

ilia l< ,shú,a, kej; m%;sfmdaIKh lr 2022 j¾Ifha uvl,mqj"

• 135 •
 wïmdr iy ;%sl=Kdu,h osia;%slalj, ldka;djka j¾;udkfha uqyqK fok
idudÔh" wd¾Òl" ixialD;sl yd foaYmd,ksl .eg¨ ms<sn| nm,Eï
,shú,a,la ilia lsÍu'

• 2022 cd;Hka;r ldka;d oskh mj;ajñka kef.kysr m<d; i|yd ilia

lrk ,o n,mEï ,shú,a, ;%sl=Kdu,h osia;s%lalfhaoS kef.kysr md<d;a
iNdfõ m%Odk f,alï;=ud iy foaYmd,k wêldßhg Ndr oSu is¥ lrk ,oS'

fuu ldka;d osk ieureu i|yd wd.ól kdhlhska isú,a ixúOdk

ksfhdac;hska iy osia;%slal 15 ldka;djka 400 muK ldka;djka iy mqreIhska
iyNd.S úh

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrfha ldka;d wxYh úiska ldka;djkaf.a

wd¾Òlh Yla;su;a lsÍu i|yd ueosy;a ùu

• iajhx /lshd i|yd mqyqKq jevigyka meje;aùu'

• ;ks mqoa., jHdmdßl ie,iqï ilia lsÍfï mqyqKq jevigyka meje;aùu'

• iajhx /lshd wdrïN lsÍu i|yd úfYaIfhka 2013$2014 j¾Ij,oS

;%sl=Kdu,h uvl,mqj iy ukakdru Èia;s%lal i|yd .DyuQ,sl ldka;djka
800 i|yd NdKav WmlrK iy i;=ka ,ndoSu'

• 2019 isg 2022 olajd j¾Ij, ldka;djka 320 muK ud;r" .d,a," mq;a;,u"
ls,sfkdÉÑh" uvl,mqj" uq,a,;sõ iy wïmdr hk osia;%slalj, .DyuQ,sl
ldka;djka yg NdKav WmlrK iy i;=ka ,ndoSu'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmrfha ldka;d wxYh f,i jir .kKdjla ;siafia
ldka;djka n,i;= lsÍfï l%shdj,sh ;=< we;s l< iuia; n,mEï

• .DyuQ,sl ldka;djkaf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajhka ms,sn`o cd;sl yd cd;Hhka;r

uÜgfï wjOdkhg ,la lsÍug yels ùu'

• cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfhys ldka;d jevigyk yryd isÿ l<

ldka;d iún, .ekaùfï m%;sM, f,i lsisÿ pls;hlska f;drj udOH
bÈßfha ;u woyia m%ldY lsÍfï yelshdj ,eî ;sìu'

• mrdëk udkisl;ajhlska ñ§ iudcfha fiiq ckhd fuka u iudc

jákdlula we;s lKavdhula hk wdl,amh ye`.Sï .DyuQ,sl ldka;djka
;=< f.dvke`.S ;sîu'

• 136 •
 • wêIaGdkYs,S yd újD; ukilska hqla;j f,dalh foi ne,Sug yd
Yla;su;aj ;u .eg¨j,g uqyqK oSug yels Yla;shla f.dvke`.S ;sîu'

• ldka;d jevms,sfj, yryd isÿ jq ueÈy;a ùu u; .DyuQ,sl ldka;djkaf.a

<uqkaf.a wOHdmk uÜgu by< kexùu i`oyd jq u`.fmkaùula isÿùu'

• iudc jHdmdrhla f,i iudc m%Yak ms<sn`oj ls%hd;aul jk n,.ekajqKq

ldka;d msßila ìysùu'

wm ,o m%Odk ch.%yK$<`.dùï

• cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrh l%shd;aul jk osia;%slal 12 il%sh

Èia;%slal ldka;d lñgq f.dvk`.d ;sîu

• ldka;d n,fõ.h f.dvke.Su i|yd cd;sl ldka;d iïfï,kh

f.dvke.Su

• W;=re m<d;a ëjr ldka;d iïfï,kh f.dvke.Su'

• kef.kysr m<d;a ldka;d iïfï,kh f.dvke.Su'

• Èia;%slalh ;=< udOH wjOdkh ,nd .ekSug yels ùu yd udOH yryd

ldka;djkaf.a .eg¨ iudc.; lsßug yelsùu'

• ldka;djkaf.a kdhl;aj yelshd f.dvke`.Su yd Tjqkaf.a woyia fkdìhj

m%ldY lsÍug yelshdj f.dvk`.df.k ;sîu'

• ldka;djka 1350 muK wdodhï W;amdok l%shdldrlïj, kshqla; ùu yd

Tjqkaf.a mjqf,a wd¾Ólhg wdodhï W;amdokh lsÍu'

• osia;%sla .Dy uQ,sl ldka;d lñgq j, l%shdldß;ajh ksid rcfha wdh;kj,

rdcH ks,OdÍkaf.a iy n,OdÍkaf.a wjOdkhg ,laùu iy lsishï
jákdlula ,eîu'

• m<d;a md,k wdh;k iu`. iïnkaêlrKhka mj;ajd .ksñka ck;djf.a

wjYH;d i`oyd jq fiajd ,nd .ekSug ldka;djka uQ,sl;ajh f.k l%shd
lsÍu'

• 137 •
• cd;sl ldka;d m%;sm;a;shla f.dvke.Su i`oyd Èia;%sla 16 l .%dóh uÜgfï
ldka;djkaf.a woyia f.k ilia l< fhdckdj,shla ldka;d lghq;=
wud;HdxYhg Ndr§fuka miq tu fhdackdj,sfha we;s lreKq ms<sn|j
wjOdkh fhduq lr tu fhdackd lsysmhla ldka;d lghq;= wud;HdxYfha
ilia l< flgqïm;g we;=<;a lr .ekSu'

• 2017 j¾Ifha meje;ajQ m<d;a md<k ckaoh i|yd wïmdr osia;%slalfha

ldka;djka fofofkl= o uvl,mqj Èia;%slalfha ldka;djka fofofkl=
o ukakdru osia;%lalfha fofofkl= o ud;r osia;%slalfha ldka;djka
fofokl= lrej,.iajej m%foaYfhka tla ldka;djhla o Pkaohg bÈßm;a
ùu i|yd lghq;= lsÍu'

• ixysoshdj ms<sn| fldñika iNdjg ls,sfkdÉÑ" ukakdu" hdmkh" uq,;sõ

hk osia;%slal j, wj;ekajq ldka;djka iy .Dy uQ,sl ldka;djhka 57
fkdîhj Yla;su;a f,i idCIs ,ndoSu'

• W;=re kef.kysr iy ol=K ksfhdackh lrñka ldka;djka uqyqK fok

idudÔh" wd¾Ól ixialD;sl yd foaYmd,ksl jYfhka uqyqK fok .eg¨
mokï lrf.k n,mEï ,shú,a,la ilia lr ldka;d lghq;= wud;Hyhg
yd wod< n,OdÍkag ,nd oSu yd ta ms<sn|j wjOdkh ,nd .ekSug yels
ùu'

• kef.kysr m<df;a osia;%sla ;=kl ldka;djka uqyqK fok wd¾Ól"

ixialD;sl yd foaYmd,ksl jYfhka uqyqK fok .eg¨ mokï lrf.k
n,mEï ,shú,a,la ilia lr kef.kysr m<df;a wod< n,OdÍkag Ndr
oSu yd ta ms<sn|j wjOdkh ,nd .ekSug yels ùu'

• ldka;d ixúOdk iu`. cd, .; ù l%shdlsÍug yels ù ;sîu'

• iSfvda l%shdldßjh i|yd isú,a iudc iduqySlh f,i tlai;a cd;Skaf.a

ixúOdkhg ldka;djka uqyqK fok .eg¨ ms<sn`oj iudka;r jd¾:djla
bosßm;a lsÍug yels ùu'

• ldka;d lghq;= wud;Hyh iu`. iïnkaëlrKh we;s lr .ekSug yels

ùu'

• 138 •
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg ud iïnkaOjQfha 2002 wf.daia;= ui
01 jk oskhs. 2009 jk ;=re mßmd,k f,alï;=ñhf.a f,alï f,i lghq;=
l, w;r, 2009 j¾Ifha cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrfha cd;sl uÜgfï
ldka;d wxYfha iïnkaëldrljrsh f,i lghq;= wdrïN l, w;r, fï jk
úg jir 13 l isg cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrfha ldka;d wxYh yryd
ldka;djkaf.a whs;Ska oskd .ekSu fjkqfjka ldka;djka n,i;=lrK l%shdj,sh
yd Tjqkaf.a wd¾Òlh Yla;su;a lsrSfï l%shdj,shg Wrfoñka lghq;= lrk
w;r, fï jk úg m%;sM, fndfydauhla ,nd .ekSug yels ùu ms<sn|j i;=gq
jkafkuq' tfukau fuu ldka;d ixj¾Ok jevigyk bosrshg f.khEfïoS
úfYaIfhka wdrCI wxYj,ska iy iuyr foaYmd,k ksfhdacs;hskaf.ka úYd,
;¾ckj,g uqyqK oSug isÿ úh. tfukau fï .uka uf.aoS jeáï ke.sàï iy
l,lsÍj,g uqyqK oSug is¥jQj;a úYd, ch.%yKhka ,nd .ekSug yels ùu
ms<sn|j ud i;=gqjkafkñ.

wjidk jYfhka fuu l%shdj,sh osh;a lsrSu i`oyd wdh;kfha ;=< yd ndysrj
iyfhda.h yd lemùu ,nd ÿka ish¨ md¾Yj i|yd lD;{fjñ'

,ùkd yika;s
ldka;d iïnkaëldßld
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh

• 139 •
 ;reK yd mdßißl wxYfha l%shdldß;ajh

1997 cqks ui 08 jk Èk f,dal id.r Èkh ksñ;s lrf.k" cd;sl

le|jqïlre" y¾uka l=udr uy;audf.a kdhl;ajfhka" .re Tiaj,aâ î
*¾;a mshd;=ukaf.a yd .re úlag¾ka meúÈ fidhqßhf.a mQ¾K iyfhda.fhka
yd úúO m%foaYj, isá ëjr kdhl kdhsldjkaf.a iyfhda.fhka wdrïN
l< cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" 2022 jir jk úg 25 jirl iudc
fufyjr ksyudkS j wm iurkafkuq'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrh" ck;d jHdmdrhla ;=<ska fi!Nd.Hu;a

iudchla f.dv ke.Sfï wruqK Wfoid úúO jq iudc l%shdldrlï ;=<ska"
hym;a iudchla f.dvke.Su i|yd" mSä; ck;dj yd jevlrk ck;dj
iuÕ tkï¦ ëjr" f.dú lïlrejka iuÕ Tjqkag Yla;shla fjñka lghq;=
lrkafkuq' tys§ úfYaIfhka iudc idOdrK;ajh" mdßißl hqla;sh"
mokï lr.;a mßirh yd hym;a iudchla Wfoaid" fojk fm< ;reK
kdhl;ajhla ìï uÜgfuka f.dvke.Sfï wruqK fmroeßj ëjr .ïudk
j, ;reK ;reKshka iu`. lghq;= lrk ,§' cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrfha cd;sl le|jqïlre" y¾uka l=udr uy;audf.a kdhl;ajfhka"
ëjr .ïudkj," ëjr mjq,a ;=< isák ;reK ;reKshkaaf.a oekqu" l=i,;d"
wdl,am j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd 1992- isg 2004 olajd l%shd;aul jQ w;r" 2004
foieïn¾ 26 Èk isÿ jQ uyd iqkdñ jHikh wmf.a Ôú; j, wúksYaÑ;
nj lshdmEfõh'

tu iqkdñ jHikfhka miq" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha

le|jqïldr;=udf.a wdrdOkhlg wkqj iqkdñ wdmodjg ,la fkdjq Èia;%slal
j, ;reK iyNd.s;ajfhka" cd;sl ;reK l%shdldß;ajhla f,iska" mßirh
yd hym;a iudchla i|yd jq ;reK jHdmdrh" cd;sl uÜgñka ks,
jYfhka lghq;= wdrïN lrkq ,§' tkï 2006 ckjdß ui 26 jk Èk §h'
th tfia wdrïN jk ùg wu;l fkdl< hq;= ldrKdj kï iudchg fojk
fm< kdhl;ajhla" tkï wm jev lrk m%foaYj, iudc" ixialD;sl yd
mdßißl hk wxY i|yd l%shdldß ;reK kdhlhka f.dv ke.sh hq;=hs"
hk woyiska 1992 isg u l%shd lrk ,enQ tu jevms<sfj," cd;sl uÜgñka
Tijd ;eîu ;reK kdhlhka jvd;a Yla;su;a lsÍula f,i ms,sìUq fõ'

• 140 •
ta ;=<ska Èia;%slal uÜgñka l%shd;aul jQ wm jHdmdrfha ;reK lghq;=
cd;sl uÜgfï idlÉPdjlg iy l%shdldß;ajhlg bvlv újr lr fok
,§' ta wkqj fi!Nd.Hu;a iudchla f.dvke.Sfï ck;d fufyjrg ;reK
;reKshka odhl lr .ekSu i|yd cd;sl uÜgfï jevms<sfj,j,a yd
ie,iqï l%shd;aula lsÍug yelsùu yd 2006-2008 ld,jljdkq ;=< 2500lg
wêl ;reK msßila wm;a iuÕ w;aje,a ne| .ekSu i;=gg ldrKhls'
tys§ wm ;reK jHdmdrh f.dvk.kakg wjYH uQ,H Yla;shla ,nd ÿkafka
Misario/Hivos jeks jHdmD;s uÕsks'

2009 jir w. Nd.fha wm úiska uqyqK ÿka wd¾Ól yd iudÔh w¾nqO"

wNsfhda. yuqfõ wm ;reK jHdmdrh hï lvd jeàulg ,la jQj;a cd;sl
;reK uy iNdj wLKavj meje;aùug;a" mßir ixrCIK jevigyka iy
;reK ;reKshkag kdhl;aj mqyqKq ,nd §ug wjYH lghq;= iïmdokh
flßk' tmuKlao fkdj wmf.a ;reK jevms<sfj, iu. m%xYh" lekvdj"
cmdkh jeks rgj, ;reK ;reKshka o w;aje,a ne| .ekSu" wm yd iïnkaOj
lghq;= l< ;reK ;reKshkag uy;a wiajeis,a,la ùh' ta wkqj wd .uka
uf.a§ wmf.a ;reK jevms<sfj, jvd;a Yla;su;a lr .ekSug Bread for
the World, iDove jeks jHdmD;s Yla;shla jQ nj o i|yka l< hq;=h' ta ;=<
;reK ;reKshka iu`.ska mßir ixrCIKh" wdmod l<ukdlrKh" li<
l<ukdlrKh" wdydr iaffjÍ;ajh yd ldnksl f.j;= j.dj" ixl%dka;sl
hqla;sh yd cd;Ska w;r iduh yd iu.sh f.dv ke.Su" udOH mqyqKq"
kdhl;aj mqyqKq" .S; ks¾udK" Ñ;%" rpkd" újdo ;rÕ" udkj ysñlï
ms<sn| oekqu yd foaYmd,ksl oekqu j¾Okh yd NdId oekqu j¾Okh lsÍu
jeks jevigyka rdYshla l%shd;aul lruq'

ta wkqj j¾;udkh jk úg kej;;a Èia;%slal 15 lu ;reK ;reKshka

1500l muK idudðl ixLHdjla iu`.ska fuu ;reK jevms<sfj, kej;;a
Yla;su;a lr.ekSug wmg Yla;sh ffO¾hh ,nd§u iïnkaOfhka cd;sl
le|jqïldrl ;=uka jk y¾uka l=udr uy;dg iy ta i|yd fjfyi uykais
jk cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha Èia;%sla ks,OdÍ ish¨u fokdg;a" ta
i|yd uq,Huh Yla;sh odhl;ajh ,ndfok ish¨u jHdmD;s wdh;k j,g;a
wmf.a f.!rj ia;+;sh ;reK ;reKshka fjkqfjka mqo lr isáuq'

m%§ma ,laisß
;reK yd mdßißl jevigyka iïnkaëldrl
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh

• 141 •
cd;ska w;r ixjdoh ;=<ska iduh yd ixys`Èhdj f.dvke.sfï ls%hdj,sh

,shkak fndfyda foa ;sfí' kuq;a fl<jr lrkafka flfia o lshd is;ñ' uqøKh
lrk fmdf;a bv m%udKjla fkdjkakg we;ehs is;ñka b;d jeo.;a lreKq
muKla iksgqyjka lsÍug W;aidy orñ' úYd, l:djla l=vdjg ,shkak
W;aidy ork neúka wvqmdvq isÿúh yel' ta ksid iudj Ndckh lrñka fuu
,smsh Tn fj; ;nñ'

cd;s" wd.ï" l=," ia;S%" mqreI iudc fNaohlska f;drj iïm;a iu fia fnoShk
idOdrK fi!N.Hj;a iudchla hk o¾Ykh uqÿka m;a lrñka 1997 isg
iajdëkj lghq;= l< cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh fï rfÜ wNHdka;r
hqoaOh ksid úYd, mSvkhg ,la jq W;=re kef.kysr ck;djf.a o whs;Ska
fjkqfjka lghq;= lsrsug wdrïN lrk ,os'

2002 j¾Ifhaos Ys% ,xld rch yd fou< B<dï úuqla;s fldá ixúOdkh w;r
we;s lr .;a igka úrdu .súiqula iu`. tf;la fuu /lshdj lr .ekSug
fkdyelsj hdmkfha ëjrhska ;u /lshdj iq¿fjka fyda wrïN lsÍug
W;aidy l< kuq;a úúO .eg¨ yd bka§h ëjrhskaf.a meñKsu ksid ;u /
lshdj wdrïN lsÍug fkdyels jq neúka tjlg hdmkh osia;s%la ëjr iuQmldr
iñ;s iïfï,kfha iNdm;s ;jr;akï uy;df.a kdhl;ajfhka wLKav
Woaf>daIKhla wdrïN lrk ,os' thg iyfhda.h oelaùu i`oyd cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha cd;sl le`ojqïldre;=ud jk y¾uka l=udr uy;d"
tjlg mßmd,k f,alï;=ñh jq .S;d ,lañKs ñh we;=`t ld¾hdxYfha msßi
yd lsysmfofkl= tla lr fï ms<sn`oj ó.uqj niakej;=ï fmd, bosßmsg iq`t
úfrdaO;djhla meje;ajQy' fï ms<sn`oj oek.;a wdKavq n,OdÍka ;jr;akï
iNdm;sjrhd we;=`t ksfhdað; msßila iu`. tla lr idlÉPdjla isÿ lr ta
i`oyd úi`ÿula ,nd os ;snqKq w;r ó.uqjg yd hdmkhg we;s iïnkaO;djh
ms<sn`oj;a úuid we;' tu idlÉPdj, m%;sM,h wkqj cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrfha W;=re m<df;a ls%hdldß;ajh fufia wdrïN lrk ,§'

tfiau ysfjdaia wdh;kfha wkq.%yfhka cd;sl ëjr iyfhd.s;d jHdmdrh"

iúia;s%" fudka,d¾ we;=`t mqoa.,hka lsysm fofkla tl;= ù W;=re ol=Kq
ck;d ixjdoh wdrïN lr W;=re" yd ol=Kq f.dùka" ëjr yd lïlre .eg¨
ms<sn`o idlÉPd lsÍu i`oyd fõosldjla ilia lrk ,os' tfiau hdmkh
úYajúoHd,fha wdpd¾h yd uypd¾hjreka" .%dóh lïlre ixúOdkh" ;drld

• 142 •
ldka;d ixúOdkh" ldka;d ixj¾Ok ixúOdk iu`. fuu ixjdoh bosßh
f.dia m<uq idlÉPdj hdmkfhaos mj;ajd ;snqKs' fuh i`oyd cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ksfhdað;hka rdYshla iyNd.s ù we;' fuu ixjdohg
PPD (People to People Dialogue ) kï lrk ,os' fuu ixjdofha cd;sl
ld¾hxYh Ndr jqfha cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhgh'

fuu ld¾hh iïnkaëlrKh i`oyd iïnkaëldrjrfhl=f.a ;k;=r

i`oyd ksfõokh lr ;snQ w;r fndfyda fofkl= iïuqL mÍlaIKh i`oyd
iyNd.s ù ;snqKs' i¾fjdaoh ixúOdkfha iafjÉPd ls%hdOr yd Ydka;s fiakd
WmfoaYljrfhl= f,i jir 05 la muK fiajh lr we;aoelSï ;snQ yd jir
tludrla fiâfyda,a wdh;kfha idu wxYfha iðúlhl= f,i fiajh l< ud
2003 j¾Ifha Tlaf;dan¾ ui wjidkfha iïuqL mÍlaIKhg meñKs ud b;d
ir,j isá cd;sl le`ojqïldr;ud yd mßmd,k f,alï;=ñhf.a foaYmd,k
m%Yakj,g m%udKj;a ms<s;=re ,nd foñka ud iïnkaëldrl ;k;=rg m;a ù
i;shlska tkï 2003'11'05 jeks osk fiajh wdrïN lrk ,os'

uu wdh;khg iïnkaO jq wdldrh muKla fufia i`oyka lrñ' uf.a w;aoelSï

fnod .ekSug fuu iure l,dmh ;=< fkdyelsh' mejiSug ch.%dys yd lgql
w;aoelSï fndfydauhla ;sfí' tneúka kej; uu cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh iduh yd ixys`oshdj f.dvke.Su i`oyd .;a W;aidy meyeos,s lrñka
bosrshg hñ'

2002 j¾Ifha W;=r iu`. in`o;djh wdrïN l< cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh ;s%l=Kdu,fha ëjr kdhl wdkkao mSßia ^wm w;ßka iuq.;a& uy;d
iu`. ëjrhkaf.a .eg¨ ms<sn`oj yd wïmdr osia;s%lalfha tjlg iïnkaëldrl
wíÿ,a cínd¾ uy;d iu`. tlaj wïmdr ëjrhkaf.a .eg¨ i`oyd ueosy;a
ùu ;=< W;=re kef.kysr ëjrhska" f.dùka" lïlrejkaf.a .eg¨ ol=Kg
ikaksfõokh lrñka hqoaOfhka úYd, mSvdjg ,la jq ck;djf.a b,a,Sï
n,OdÍka yd j.lSu hqla;kag bosßm;a lsÍug W;aidy oere w;r ck;dj
oekqj;a lsÍug o úúO W;aidy .kakd ,oS'

ud by; i`oyka l< W;=re ol=Kq ck;dj ixjdoh idlÉPd jg lsysmhlska

miqj iduh yd ;sridr ixj¾Ok i`oyd ck;d ixjdoh hk kduh fjkia úh'
(People to People Dialogue Pease and Sustainable Development)

• 143 •
fuu ixjdohg kdhl;ajh oere cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh fuu
ixl,amhg wkqj hñka fuu rfÜ Ôj;ajkakd jq ish¨ cd;skag iïm;a iufia
,ndos hdu ;=< we;s jkakdjq ;sridr ixj¾Okh ;=< ix`ysoshd we;s lsÍug
yels nj úYajdi l<y'

j¾;udkfha fndfyda ixúOdk fou<" isxy, yd uqia,sï wd.u wkqj ;reK

yd jeäysá mqoa.,hska tla ia:dkhlg /ia lr osk folla iqyo jevuq`tjla
meje;ajq muKska — úfkdao pdßl .sh muKska" tla tla wd.ñia:dk neye
olskakg .sh muKska yd ;reK yd jeäysá whf.a ixys`oshj ms<sn`o ùäfhda
o¾Yk fnod .;a muKska ixys`oshdj we;sfõhehs Tjqyq is;;s'

iene ixys`oshdj kï fï rfÜ hqoaOhla we;s ùug fya;= l=ula o@ fuu rfÜ
iq¿ cd;skag ;sfnk iqúfYaIs .eg¨ fudkjdo@ ta i`oyd .; hq;= ls%hdud¾.
fudkjo@ tla iudchg ;sfnk .eg¨ fudkjdo@ tu .eg¨ i`oyd wfkla
iudch y`v ke`.kafka flfiao@ hkak fiùu yd y`v ke.Sug yd tla cd;shla
úiska wfkl=;a cd;shg isÿ úkdYh l=ulao@ wkd.;fhaos th isÿ fkdùug j.d
n,d .ekSuhs ixys`oshdfõ iene w¾:hhs'

fuu f;areï .;a cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh hqoaOfha wdrïNh yd

hqoaOhl ;sfnk l=ßre nj" wNHka;r hqoaOh ksid úYd, mSvdjlg ,la jq W;=re
kef.kysr ck;djf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh ms<sn`oj ol=fKa ck;dj meyeos,s lsÍu
i`oyd úúO jevuq`t" iuq`t ixjdo meje;ajq w;r" W;=re kef.kysr ck;djf.a
úúO m%Yak yd .eg¨ uq,a lr f.k Woaf>daIK yd n,mEï ls%hdldrlï osh;a
lrk ,os' iuyr ixjdo oreKq wdldrfha meje;ajq w;r" ol+Kq ck;djf.a
fndfyda msßia iduhg leu;s nj yd hqoaOfhka mSvdjg m;a úYd, msßila isák
nj W;=rg ikaksfõokh lsÍug fndfyda ls%hdldrlï osh;a lf<uq'

1990 isg wj;eka hdmkfha l`ojqre Ôj;a jq ck;dj neye oelSug ol=fKa
lKavdhï W;=rg f.k f.dia w;aoelSï ,ndoSu" iduhl wjYH;djh ms<sn`o
W;=f¾ idukH ck;dj oekqj;a lsÍu" hqoaOh kj;d idu idlÉPdj,ska úi`ÿï
,nd fok f,i wLKavj Woaf>daIK iy udOH idlÉPd meje;aùu yd fm;aiï
,nd oSu isÿ lf<uq'

• 144 •
W;=re kef.kysr ck;djf.a mdrïmßl bvïj,ska yuqodj bj;a ù tu
ck;djg kej;a ,ndosh hq;= njg Woaf>daIK lf<uq' tfiau úúO LTTE
ixúOdk o n, lf<uq' wdhqOfhka úi`ÿï ,nd .; fkdyels neúka idu
ls%hdj,shl msúfikak f,ih'

fufia fndfyda ls%hdldrlï l< kuq;a b;du ls%hdldrlï lsysmhla i`oyka

lrñ'

2003 fkdjeïn¾ 14-16 ^u;lh wkqj&

W;=re ol=K ck;d ixjdo cd,h ;=<ska ixúOdkh l< PPD2 ixjdoh ixúOdk
lsÍu yd fufyh ùu'

fuu ixjdoh W;=re ol=K j;=lrh yd wfkl=;a m%foaYj, fou<" isxy,"

uqia,sï wkqj ëjr" f.dú" lïlre j;= lïlre yd ldka;djka f,i uqyqK fok
.eg¨ idlÉPd lsÍu ;=< tla tla ck iudchg we;s iqúfYaIs .eg¨ ms<sn`o
wjfndaOhla ,ndoSu fuhska isÿúh' thg 150 g jeä msßila iyNd.s úh'

2003 fkdjeïn¾ 21 nreoe,a,fmd<os mej;s ëjr oskh

fuu ëjr oskhg W;=re" kef.kysr ksfhdackh lrñka ëjr ksfhdac;hka

iyNd.s lr Tjqkaf.a .eg¨ o idlÉPdjg ,la lsÍu yd tosk rd;s%fha iqyo
yuqjla meje;aùu'

2004 L.T.T.E ixúOkdh úiska rchg bosßm;a l< fhdackdj

B<`. fnod yeÍu ms<sn`oj L.T.T.E ixúOkdh úiska rchg bosßm;a lr

;snq wka;¾jdr iajhx md,kh i`oyd jq fhdackdj ms<sn`o ó.uqfõos .eUqre
idlÉPdjla meje;aùu'

tjlg w.ue;s f,i lghq;= l< rks,a úl%uisxy uy;df.a leìfkÜgqfõ

úfoaYsh wuH;Hjrhd f,i isá ð't,a'mSßia uy;d ixúOdkh l< idlÉPdjg
iyNd.s ùu" ol=Kq wms%ldkq ixys`oshd jevms,sj, yd L.T.T.E ixúOkdh úiska
rchg ,nd ÿka fhdackd ms<sn`o idlÉPdj, iïnkaO ùu'

• 145 •
2004 -2005 $2010-2022 W;=f¾ ëjr .eg¨ i`oyd ueosy;a ùu

2002 idu .súiqfuka miqj W;=f¾ ëjrhska ;u /lshdj lsÍug wdrïN l<
o bkaoSh fg%da,ska hd;%d W;=f¾ uqyqo wdl%uKh lr osh;a l< kS;s ùfrdaë
ëjr l¾udka;hg úi`ÿula i`oyd 2005 jif¾ ksfhdað;hka msßila ,xldjg
f.kú;a ukakdrfï idlÉPdjla meje;a jq w;r" ëjr weu;s" ks,OdÍka yd
isú,a ixúOdkh iu`. c;Hdka;r idlÉPdjla fifvla wdh;kfhaÈ mej;aùu'

bkamiq wLKavj fuh i`oyd úúO ixúOdk idlÉPd iy Woaf>daIK meje;aùu'

kuq;a 2005 j¾Ifha os kej; hqoaOh wdrïN jq neúka th ksis wdldrj bosrshg
f.k hdug fkdyels jq w;r 2009 j¾Ifhaos hqoaOh ksud jqjdg miq kej;
W;=f¾ ëjrhska ;u /lshdj wdrïN l< kuq;a fmr mßosu bkaosh ëjrhkaf.a
wdl%uKh úYd, .eg¨jla úh' tneúka fï i`oyd ueosy;a jq cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh W;=f¾ ksfhda;hka 22 fofkla yd ëjr wud;HdxYfha
ks,OdÍka o tl;= lrf.k bkaoshdjg f.dia ëjrhka w;r idlÉPdjla
ixúOdkh lrhs'

tu idlÉPdfjka miq W;=f¾ hdmkh" ukakdru" ls,sfkdÉÑh yd uq,;sõ

f,i fjku fjku lghq;= l< osia;s%lal i;ru tla lr 2011'03'13 jeks osk
W;=re m<d;a ëjrhkaf.a tl;=j ^tjlg W;=r m<d;a ëjrhkaf.a ixúOdkh&
f.dvk.k ,os' bkamiq W;=re m<d;a ëjrhskaf.a tl;=j yryd úúO ls%hdud¾.
.ksñka isà'

2004'12'17 fmd;=ú,a ëjrhskaf.a jdäj,g .sks ;eîug tfrysj lghq;= lsÍu

;ukaf.a ëjr /lshdj lrñka isá fmd;=ú,a W,a,hs ëjrhskaf.a jdä 28

ixpdrl l¾udka;hg wod<j wh úiska .sks ;nd úkdY lrk ,os' fï ms<sno`j
ol=fKa ksfhdað;hka iu`. idlÉPd lr ol=fKa isxy, ksfhdac;hkaf.a
iyNd.s;ajfhka fmd;=ú,a k.rfha md.ukla ixúOdkh lsÍu'

2004'12'26 iqkdñ jHikh

Ys% ,xldfõ we;s jq úYd,;u wdmodjla jk iqkdñ jHikhg uqyqK ÿka W;=re
kef.kysr m%foaYj,g úúO jevigyka ls%hd;aul lsÍu' tjlg cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg iDcqju iïnkaO fkdjq uvl,mq osia;s%lalh yd uq,;sõ
osia;s%lalj,g iyk ,nd osu úfYaI fohla fõ'

• 146 •
tfiau" uyck fldñiu iNdj iu`. tla ù W;=re kef.kysr fjr<dikak
ck;dj uqyqK fok .eg¨ ck;dj oek .ekSu i`oyd ls%hd;aul ùu'

2007 ck;djf.a wj;eka ùu

wßmamqj,$uq,a,slal=,ï hk m%foaYj, Ôj;a jq ck;dj 2007 os kdúl yuqodj

mehla we;=<; Tjqkaj tu bvïj,ska bj;a jk f,i n, lrhs' wßmamqj,ska
bj;a jq ck;dj kdkdÜgdka m%foaYj, ;djld,sl l=vdrïj, mosxÑ jq w;r
uq,a,sl=,ï ck;dj ukakdru yd fPdaYmajdia k.rj, mosxÑ úh'

fuh oek.;a cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh úm;g m;a ckd;j iu`.
wLKavj idlÉPd meje;a jq w;r Tjqkaf.a bvï kej; ,nd oSu i`oyd úúO
mshjr .;a w;r" hqoaOfha lgql nj ol=Kg ikaksfõokh lsÍu iy úúO
W;aidyhka .kakd ,§' ukakdrfï ;reK ;reKshka 50 fofkla muK ol=Kq
m<d;g f.k ú;a Tjqkaf.a lgql w;aoelSï ol=fKa ;reKhka iu`. fnod
.ekSug wjia:djla Wod lr ÿka w;r" ol=fKa ;reK ;reKshka lKavdhula
ukakdru kdkÉpkaj, ;djld,Sl bvïj, Ôj;a jq ;reK ;reKshkaf.a
Ôú; lgql ;;a;ajh iÔùj oelSug wjia:djla Wod lr ÿka w;r" Tjqkaf.a
;djld,sl l=vdrïj, fkajdisl .ekSu úfYaI;ajhls'

tfiau" hqoaOfha oreKq wjia:dj, ;=jd, jq oyia .Kka ck;dj uka k dru
frday,h f.kú;a frday , msÍ ;sn Q w;r cs g ia ; rj l= vdrï ilia lr
frda.ska g m%;sldr lrk ,os' fï fya;=fjka frday, úYd, wmsßisÿ ;;a;ajhg
m;a ù ;snqKs' ol=fKa .sh ;reK ;reKska yd ukakdru ;reK ;reKshka tlaj
tu frday, msßisÿ lsÍu i`oyd mj;ajk ,o uy Y%uodkh ixys`oshdjg losu
WodyrKhla fõ'

tfiau" wj;eka ù isá ëjrhska ;u /lshdj lsÍug WmlrK fkdue;sj úYd,

.eg¨jlg uqyqK os isá;s' fuh ms<sn`oj ol=fKa ixúOdk iu`. idlÉOd lr
úúO whf.a odhl;ajfhka re' ,laI 47 l WmlrK ,nd ÿka w;r fmr mdi,a
<uqka i`oyd úYd, Woõ ,nd ÿks'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.;s jHdmdrh wLKaj f.k .sh úúO ls%hdldrlï yd

n,meï fya;=fjka yd wfkl=;a ixúOdk yd ukakdru lf;da,sl iNdj .;a
W;aidyhka jirla we;=<; Tjqka kej; ;ukaf.a bvïj, kej; mosxÑ fõ'
tfiau uq,a,sl=,ï ck;djf.a bvïj, fldgila ,nd .ekSug wjia:dj Wodúh'

• 147 •
óg wu;rj 1990 j¾Ifha hdmkfha wj;eka ù Ôj;a jq ck;dj l`ojqrej,
Ôj;ajk nj ;yjqre lsÍu i`oyd l`ojqre wYs%;j wOHhkhla osh;a l< w;r
th t<soelaùu i`oyd fld<Uos cd;sl jYfhka idlÉPdjla ixúOdkh lr
rcfha ks,OdÍka yd isú,a ixúOdkhg wdrOdkd lr i;H meyeos,s lr W;=f¾
h:d¾:h wjfndaO lr osug W;aidy oeÍu'

tfiau" 2008 j¾Ifha W;=f¾ oreKq hqoaOhla meje;s iufha ck;dj úYd,
mSvdjlg uqyqK ÿka w;r" wd¾Ól iïmdokhg ,la jq w;r" wdydr ys`.h
yd wdydr ñ, by< hdug uqyqK ÿkafkah' fuh ol=Kg ikaksfõokh jQfha
ke;s neúka" tu .eg¨jg uqyqK ÿka ksfhdað;hka 08 fofkl= muK .=jkska
f.kú;a ol=Kq m%foaYj,g /f.k f.dia ;u w;aoelSu ol=fKa ck;dj iu`.
fnod .ekSug bv i,id oSu' fuh wmg úYd, ;¾ckhlaj mj;sks' kuq;a
fuu lsh % dfõ m%;M
s ,hla f,i" iúia;s% iy wfkl=;a ixúOdk fld<U úydr
uyfoaú WoHdkh bosßmsg hqoOa h jydu kj;ajkq hk b,a,u
s uq,a lrf.k mej;s
Woaf>daIKh ,xldfõ úúO m%foaYj,ska 500 la muK msßila iyNd.s jQy'

Bg wu;rj 2009 j¾Ifhka miq mej;s úfYaIfhka hdmkh f;,a,sms,hs" hdmkh

k.rfha mej;s úúO Woaf>daIK ixúOdk lsÍu yd iyfhda.sh meje;aùu'

W;=f¾ ck;dj uqyqK fok ish¨ .eg¨j,g úi`ÿï ,nd fok f,i yd
úfYaIfhka yuqodj yd ck;djf.a bvï kej; ,nd fok f,i b,a,d ixúOdkh
l< Woaf>daIKhg ol=fKa 150 fofkla muK iyNd.s lr W;=f¾ ck;djf.a
.eg¨jlg úi`ÿï ,nd fok f,i b,a,d ol=fKa y`vke.Su ixys`oshj
ls%hdj,sfha ;j;a id¾:l WodyrKhla fõ'

2006$2010 jif¾os hqoaOfhka mSvdjg m;a jq ish¨u ldka;djkaf.a .eg¨ yd

th úi`osu i`oyd ck;djf.a bosßm;a fhdackdj,shla ldka;d Wodkh kñka
tjlg isá uy weu;sg ndr oSu'

W;=f¾ ish¨ ck;dj uqyqK fok .eg¨ ol=Kg ikaksfõokh lsÍu yd

hqoaOfhka miq ;uka uqyqK fok iduqyslj úi`od .ekSu i`oyd iduqyslj osh;a
lsÍu i`oyd 2010 j¾Ifhka miqj cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHmdrfha ldka;d
wxYh yryd W;=re kef.kysr ish¨ osia;s%lalj, .ïudj, lñgq f.dv ke.=
w;r" osia;s%la ldka;d lñgqj f.dvk`.k ,os' fï jk m<d;a uÜgfïos ldka;d
iïfï,kh f.dvk`.d ;sfí' ^W;=r yd kef.kysr&

• 148 •
tfiau" .Dyu,sl ldka;jkaf.a Odrl j¾Okh Wfoid úúO ls%hdldrlï l<
w;r ks,OdÍka yuqùu' fm;aiï ,ndosu yd wfkl=;a n,mEï ls%hdj,ska osh;a
lrhs' tfiai W;=re kef.kysr hqoaOfhka mSvdjg m;a ck;dj úfYaIfhka
ldka;djka uqyqK fok .eg¨ ms<sn`oj ol=fKa ldka;djkag úúO wjia:dj,
bosßm;a lsÍu th i`oyd uyd wjfndaOh ,nd ;sîu jeo.;a fõ'

tfiau" fï jk úg cd;sl ëjr ldka;d iïfï,kh f.dv k`.d W;=r" ol=K"

kef.kysr we;=`t rfÜ wNHdka;r m%foaYj, Ôj;a jk ldka;djkaf.a .eg¨
cd;sl jYfhka idlÉPd lsÍu yd th i`oyd y`v ke.Su ixys`oshdfõ jeo.;a
ldrKdjla fõ' fuh ms<sn`o fndfyda w;aoelSï ;snq kuq;a fuu ,smsh i`oyka
lsÍug wmyiqh'

tfiau" 2011 yd 2012 jirj, W;=f¾ osia;s%lal 02 g udi 06 la i`oyd fmdaIK

wdydr u¨ ,ndoSu o isÿ lrhs' úfYaIfhka hdmkfha l`ojqre .;j Ôj;a
jq mjq,a 140 la i`oyd udisl th ,ndoSug lghq;= l< w;r 2013 j¾Ifhaos
ukakdru" uvl,mqj yd ;s%l=Kdu, osia;s%lalfha f;dard .;a .DyuQ,sl mjq,a
800g Ôjk ud¾.h i`oyd wdOdr lssÍu' thska oshqKqjg m;a fndfyda fofkla
;s%l=Kdu, osia;s%lalfha olskakg ;sfí'

2008 miq uvl,mqj osia;s%lalh ;=< jHdma; ùu

2008 j¾Ifha uvl,mq osia;s%lalfha lrdähkdre .fï hqoaOfhka mSvdjg m;a

jq ck;djf.a uQ,sl myiqlï ms<sn`o .eg¨j ueosy;a fjuq'

2007 j¾Ifha wj;eka ù nÿ,a, mdf¾ cSj;a jq je,sldkaä ck;dj kej; mosxÑ
lsÍu i`oyd m%cd wNs,dI jevigyk yryd ueosy;a jqfhuq' bkamiq tu ck;dj
Ôj;a jq uq,a ìu msßisÿ lsÍu isxy, iy uqia,sï ck;djf.a iyh .;a w;r
ixys`oshfõ h:d¾:h fmdf<dfõ m;s; lsÍug yels úh'

bkamiq wLKavj ck;djf.a kej; mosxÑ lsÍu i`oyd jev l< w;r ;u
f.dú;ek" f.j;= j.dj y i;a;aj md,kh i`oyd iyh ,nd ÿkafkuq'
úfYaIfhka fmßh mq,a¨u,hs jefõ isg ;u l=Urej,g c,h ,nd .ekSu
i`oyd jdß ud¾.fha kej; ilia lsÍu i`oyd rcfha ks,OdÍka iu`. úúO
wjia:dkaj, idlÉPd lsÍu" fm;aiï ,nd oSu" n,mEï lsÍu ;=< th ch.%yKh
lsÍug yels úh'

• 149 •
ta w;r;=r 2011" 2012" 2013 hk ld, mßÉfþoj, tjlg kef.kysr uy
weu;s tia' pkaøldka;ka weu;sjrhd iu`. wjia:d .Kdjla§ idlÉPd lr
.fï .eg¨ ,sÅ;j bosßm;a lr" miqj t;=udj je,slkaä .ug f.kajd iene
;;a;ajh meyeos,s lsÍu' bkamiq wo jk úg fndfyda ixj¾Okhka isÿ ù we;s
nj olskakg we;'

bkamiq ;j;a .ïudk 05la muK f;dard f.k hqoaOfhka mSvdjg m;a tu
ck;djf.a whs;Ska fjkqfjka wo jk úg fndfyda ls%hdldrlï osh;a lrkafkuq'

ixys`oshdj f.dvke.Su yd W;=re kef.kysr jHdmD;s ms<sn`oj ;j fndfyda

foj,a ,shkakg ;snq kuq;a" jeo.;a wjia:d muKla i`oyka lrñka kej;aùug
fmr ;j lreKla lsj hq;=hs' by; i`oyka ls%hdjka osh;a lsrsfïos rcfha
wdrlaIl wxYj,ska úúO n,mEïj,g ,la jq w;r L.T.T.E ixúOdkfhka
o hï hï n,mEïj,g uqyqK oSug isÿ úh' tfiau ck;djf.a ls%hdl,dmh"
wdKavqfõ ks,OdÍkaf.ka t,a, jQ ndOd" fpdaokd" wmyi fndfydah' kuq;a
ixúOdkhla f,i fndfyda W;aidy .ksñka bosrshg wd .ufka úYd, m%;sM,
,nd isàu ch.%yKhls' fï jk úg W;=re kef.kysr m%foaYj, ;;a;ajh hï
;rulg m%cd;ka;%jdos neúka fndfyda ixúOdk yd mqoa.,hka ixys`oshj i`oyd
jev l< kuq;a wm iduld,h" hqO iuh yd hqoaOfhka miq rdcH u¾ok ld,h
;=< ixys`oshdj f.dv ke.Su lem jqfhuq' thska m%;sM, fndfydauhla fmdf<dj
u; ;sîu ms<sn`oj i;=gq jkafkuq' th i`oyd wdh;kh ksfhdackh lrñka
úYd, lem lsÍu iys;j mqoa.,fhla f,i ls%hd;aul lsrsu ms<sn`o i;=gq fjñ'

fuh i`oyd wdh;kfha ;=< yd ndysrj fndfyda fofkla iyfhda.h yd lemùu

olajd ;sfí' fuu ,smsh ;=< ish¨ fokdf.a ku i`oyka lsÍug fkdyelsùu
ms<sn`o lk.dgq jk w;r Tn ish¨ fokdg iajdNdj O¾uhdf.a yd ud úYajdi
lrk ish¨ n,e;s foúhkaf.a wYs¾jdoh m;sñ' wvqmdvq /ila isÿjkakg we;s'
th Wfoid kej; ish¨ fokdf.ka iudj b,a,d isáñ'

weka;ks fÊiqodika
iduh yd ;srir ixj¾Okh i`oyd
ck;dj w;r ixjdofha iïnkaêldrl

• 150 •
 ;reKhska iu`. ixys`Èhdfõ ls%hdldß;ajh

—cd;s wd.ï ia;%S mqreI fNaohlska f;drj ish¨u ñksiqkag iduh hqla;sh iy
udkj ysñlï wdrCIdj jk iudkd;au;djhg .re lrk iy iuDoaêu;a
iudchla ia:dms; lsÍu˜ ;u o¾Ykh lr.;a cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh wdrïNfha isgu ish¨u cd;Ska yd ckjd¾.sl lKavdhï iu. tlaj
jev lrñka fmdÿ tl`.;djhlska ieuf.a whs;Ska Èkd .; hq;=h hk wruqK
fmroeß lr.ksñka lghq;= lrk ixúOdkhls'

wo jkúg W;=re kef.kysr fom<d; o we;=<;aj osjhsfka Èia;%slal 15 l

jHdma;j we;s wm ixúOdkh ëjr" f.dú lïlre we;=¿j úúO /lshdj,
fhfok isxy<" fou<" uqia,sï cd;slhska ish,a,kaf.a ixúOdkhla f,i Tjqka
iu. iómj lghq;= lrk w;r m%Odk jYfhka Tjqkaf.a l¾udka;" Ôjk
ud¾." jdiia:dk" bvïj,g wod< fmdÿ .eg¨j,g uqyqK §ug cd;s" wd.ï
fNao fkdi,lñka tlsfkldg Woõ lrñka lghq;= lsÍug ck;djg u`.
fmkajk w;r ck;dj w;r we;s jk ixjdohlska t,efUk fmdÿ tl`.;d
yryd iduh iy iyÔjkh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug lghq;= lrñka isà' 2019 j¾Ih
wm ixúOdkfha iduh iy ixysÈhdj we;s lsÍfï l%shdud¾. kj yerjqï
,CIhlg fhduqjQ j¾Ihla úh'

2019 wm%sfh,a 21 jk Èk ó.uqj" fld<U fldÉÑlfâ iy uvl,mqj ls;=kq

foajia:dkj,g t,a, jQ ñf,aÉp wka;jdoSkaf.a m%ydrh yuqfõ YS% ,xldj mqrd
mejf;ñka wd uqia,sï úfrdaOh ;j ;j;a W.% lrk ,oS'

fuh fld;rï ;sj% ùoh;a uqia,sï cd;slhska iy Tjqkaf.a foam,;a" wd.ñl

ia:dk;a" b,lal lr .ksñka m%ydr t,a, lsÍu;a cd;shla f,i Tjqkaj
fy<doelSu iy fldkalsÍu;a iudch ;=< oeä úh' Bg wu;rj iudc udOH
yryd Tjqka b,lal lrñka isÿ lrk ,o fy,doelSï iy mokï úrys;
úfõpk yryd werô fjkaùfï iy .egqï we;slr .ekSu l%u l%ufhka jeä
ÈhqKq fjñka ;reK ;reKshka fj; o Tjqka yryd mdie,a fj; o me;sfrñka
;snqKs' ta jk úg;a wksl=;a isú,a ixúOdk yd tla ù ó.uqj iy wjg m%foaYj,
iduh mj;ajdf.k hdug iy fmd,Sish iu. iïnkaëlrK lghq;= fjkqfjka
ish¨ wd.ñl kdhlhskaf.a o iyfhda.fhka msysgqjdf.k ;snQ —ó.uq mqrjeis
tluq;=j— iudcfha úúO lKAvdhï yryd tlaj .egqï we;sùu je,elaùu
i`oyd W;aidy .ksñka isáfhah'

• 151 •
kuq;a ;reKhka wduka;%Kh lsÍu i`oyd fjku l%ufõohla f.vke.Sfï
wjYH;djh tys§ u;= jQ w;r ta i`oyd ksIaÑ; l%ufõohla f.dvke.Sfï
wjYH;djh ;Èka oefkkakg úh' fï jkúg;a wm ixúOdkhg GIZ wdh;kh
yryd ,eî ;snqKq Strentherning Reconciliation Process in Sri Lanka (SRP)
jHdmD;sh fï ßla;lh msrùu i`oyd wm yg ,enqKq uy`.= Wmldrhla úh' ta
yryd wms ;reK ;reKshka wduka;%Khg kj ud¾. fiõfjuq'

fuys§ u;=jq uq,sl m%Yakh jQfha iduh" ixys`Èhdj hk jpk tajk úg;a
wjNdú;d ù iudcfha .erySug ,laj ;snqKq jgmsgdjl fï l%shdj,sh
;reKhka w;rg f.khkafka flfiao @ hkakhs' wm m<uq jevigyka ó.uqfõ
wrUkafka ud;Dldjlska f;drjh' meñK isÜ ;reK ;reKshka iudcfha úh
hq;= fjkialï ms<sn`o idlÉPd lrk ,§' bka miq ;ukaf.a ixialD;sh ms<sn`oj
iy b;sydih ms<sn`oj Tjqfkdjqkaf.a oekqu ú.%y lr.ksñka ;uka ;jÿrg;a
jeäÈhqKq lr .; hq;= oekqu ms<sn`oj o" iudcfha wksl=;a lKavdhï f;areï
.ekSug ;uka m%fõY úh hq;af;a flfiao@" ;uka ;ukaf.a ixialD;sh iy
b;sydih ms<sn`o wfkla cd;Skag iy wd.ñlhskag lshd fokafka flfiao@ iy
ukqIH;ajh mokï lr.ksñka wfkldj f;areï .ekSug yoj;a iy uki
ksrjq,a lr .kafka flfiaoehs tys§ idlÑPd lrk ,§' fuu jevigyk
m%:ufhka wdrïN l< ó.uqj" .d,a," ud;r" wïmdr" ls,sfkdÉÑh hk
Èia;%slalj, ;reK ;reKshka w;r fuu jevigyk ukqIH;ajh i`oyd jk
tl;=j ( Unity for Humanity ) f,i kï lrñka bÈß lghq;=j, ksr; úh' fuys
jvd;au jeo.;a lreK jQfha ;reK m%cdj ;uka w;a lr .;a oekqu ;ukaf.a
ñ;=re ñ;=ßhka fj; f.khdu;a" ;u mjqf,a idudðlhska iuÕ ;u w;aoelSï
fnod.ekSu;a u.ska ;reK m%cdj yryd mq¿,aj fmdÿ iudchgu wduka;%Kh
lsÍug wmg wjldY újr ùuhs'

fufia oekqñka ikakoaO jQ iy wfkldj y`ÿkd.ekSug iQodkï jQ ;reK

;reKshka ishhlg wêl m%udKhla tla ia:dkhlg f.kú;a Tjqkag ish¨u
wd.ï ms<sn`o oekqu ,nd §ug;a NdId iy cd;Ska f,i fkdfn§ tlaj úúO
l%shdldrlïj, fh§ug wjia:dj ,nd§fuka Tjqfkdjqkag tlsfkld ms<sn`o
f;areï .ekSug iy ñ;%;ajhla f.dvk.d .ekSug wjia:dj ,nd§ug;a
yelsùu wm ixúOdkh ,enQ ch.%yKhls' bka miq Tjqka wksl=;a Èia;%slal
fj; f.k f.dia tlsfkld uqK.iajd tu ck;dj uqyqK fok .eg¨ ;u
oEiska oel n,d .ekSug ie,eiaùug o wmg yels úh' wo Tjqka tlsfkld
iu`. ñ;%j lghq;= lsÍu" úúO wjia:dj, wmf.a iïnkaêlrKhlska f;drj

• 152 •
mjd Tjqka tlaj lghq;= lrkq oelSuo i;=gg fya;=jls' fu;=jla l,la ol=K
W;=r iy kef.kysr iuÕ iïnkaO l< wm wo jk úg ;ukag wdikakj
fjfik wksl=;a m%cd iu. ;reKhska iïnkaO lrñka isáuq' tu`.ska tla
cd;shla wd.ñl lKavdhula f,i ;ksj lghq;= l< msßia ;uka wdikakfha
fjfik wksla wd.ï iy cd;ska iuÕ iñnkaO lrñka tla Y%S ,dxlSh cd;shla
f.dvke.Sug fjfyfiñka isákafkuq' wo tu lKavdhu Èia;%slal 7la olajd
jHdma; ù ;sfí' kuq;a wm wdrïN l< ta ÿIalr .ufka id¾:l wka;hkg
meñK ke;'tneúka wm ;j;a fndfyda ÿr hd hq;=h'

25 jirla iurk cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha wkd.;h ndr .ekSug

ierfik ;reK ;reKshka ta wrïNh u; tlaj tlg lghq;= lrñka cd;s
wd.ï l=, fNao fkdi,lñka idOdrK yd fi!Nd.Hu;a iudchla f.vke.Sug
YS% ,dxlslhska f,i fmruqK .kq we;ehs wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq' ta ioyd
Yla;sh yd wjfndaOh f.dvke.Sug wms lem ù ls%hd lruq'

.hdka wfòf.dv
;reK ixys|shd ixjdoh

• 153 •
Involvement of NAFSO in the Asian regional Context through the
Secretariat of Regional Advisory Group for Asia and Pacific (RAG-
A&P).
Introduction

The International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty (IPC), is an autonomous

and self-organised global platform of small-scale food producers and rural workers
organizations and grass root/community based social movements to advance the
Food Sovereignty agenda at the global and regional level.

Its work on small-scale fisheries is coordinated under the IPC Working Group on
Fisheries, whose membership is composed, following gender, geographical and age
balance, by members of the following global networks:

World Forum of Fish Harvesters & Fish Workers (WFF); World Forum of Fishers
People (WFFP); International Indian Treaty Council (IITC); La Via Campesina (LVC);

The IPC Working Group on Fisheries is currently facilitated by Centro Internationale

Crocevia, and Italian NGO also serving as its International Secretariat;

The Advisory Group primarily consists of representatives from global small scale
fisheries organizations, identified based on geographical representation and gender

balance. It is composed of organizations representing the SSF communities at

global level, and other relevant UN organizations.

Currently, the AG is composed by 2 members of WFFP, 2 members of WFF, 1 member

of IITC and 1 member of LVC, and is supported by IFAD and OHCHR.

As the name suggests, the group gives advice on what to think about when
implementing the SSF Guidelines around the world. Their input is most valuable
for FAO and its Committee on Fisheries(COFI), as well as for the Friends of the SSF
Guidelines and for all the actors in the Knowledge Sharing Platform. It communicates
on the status of the implementation of SSF Guidelines and the priorities related to
the implementation work.

• 154 •
Promotes a coherent and participatory implementation and monitoring the SSF
Guidelines, in accordance with international Human Rights standards.

The evolvement of Voluntary Guide lines and Regional Advisory Groups

The Guidelines were developed in close consultation with small-scale fishers and
civil society who feel strongly that these guidelines should be the framework for
all initiatives related to small-scale fisheries development and governance. The
SSF guidelines are a result of the struggles of thousands of small-scale fishers to
break marginalization and the human-rights violations. To correctly use the SSF
Guidelines one must be conscious of how they were developed and the process.

Key milestones

The Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the

Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines) were endorsed
by the FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) in 2014 where the presence of NAFSO
was marked by Mr.Herman Kumara, as the special representative of the WFFP.

To bring the voice of civil society in the technical negotiations of the SSF Guidelines,
the IPC WG on Fisheries, coordinated by WFF and WFFP, carried out almost 25
national and regional consultations in which NAFSO carried out its consultation
in all the districts during 2018-2014.Still up to date NAFSO is involved in pushing
forward the SSF implementation Process amidst many a challenges.

To support the implementation of the SSF Guidelines, COFI welcomed, in 2016,

the development of an FAO SSF Umbrella Programme and agreed on the need for
a complementary mechanism in the form of an SSF Guidelines Global Strategic
Framework (SSF-GSF);

Civil society participates in the SSF-GSF Advisory Group (AG SSF-GSF) to provide
recommendations and ensure a coherent and participatory implementation and
monitoring the SSF Guidelines, in accordance with international Human Rights
standards;

• 155 •
The development of regional AGs

As the SSF-Guidelines are global in scope but local in their implementation, the IPC
International Secretariat launched a 4-years project to develop regional Advisory
Groups in three regions: Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and Latin America and the
Caribbean. NAFSO was selected out of five countries to hold the Secretariat of RAG
(A&P) in 2021. The RAG (A& P) currently consisted of 4 Asian countries, namely
Sri Lanka, India, Thailand and Indonesia. Two more countries(Bangladesh and
Philippines) will join soon.

Overall Objective of RAG(A&P)

Enhance the implementation process of the SSF Guidelines to ensure respect for
the fundamental rights of SSF communities and improve their living conditions.

Specific Objective of RAG (A&P)

• Strengthening the cooperation and coordination of SSF organisations in

the regions; Collect data on the status of the SSF communities and the
implementation of the SSF Guidelines;

• Engage in regional institutional processes relevant to the implementation of

the SSF Guidelines;

• Support SSF organisations in their advocacy work at national level;

• Support the work of the SSF-GSF Advisory Group;

More and more organizations and actors state their commitment to implementing
the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in
the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (SSF Guidelines). Yet,
implementation, and building capacity for meaningful and comprehensive
implementation, represents a substantial challenge for CSOs, NGOs, governments,
funders, and intergovernmental organizations alike.

The role of women is too often neglected, although predominant in the post-
harvest activities, and essential in many other aspects of small-scale fisheries
and in fishing households and communities. The SSF Guidelines have a specific
chapter on gender equality and many provisions are dedicated to women,

• 156 •
but more efforts are needed to ensure a human rights based approach as women's
participation is a prerequisite for sustainable small-scale fisheries.

The small-scale fisheries sector goes beyond a set of fisheries techniques and
fisheries management. Small-scale fisheries are a culture, traditional knowledge,
and thousands of communities living in a tight bond with water. There cannot be a
discussion about small-scale fisheries without taking this into consideration. And
we cannot be an implementer of the SSF Guidelines without a strong collaboration
with the small-scale fisheries communities through a free and regular interaction.

In this context let me share with you briefly how the Advisory Groups (Global,
Regional and National ) are functioning and the processes they are involved
in promoting the implementation of SSF guide lines with the assistance of
International Planning Committee for Food Sovereignty(IPC)

Advisory Group Process and Operation Levels

• 157 •
Membership Countries and Representatives of RAG (Asia Pacific)
Country Organization Representative
East Course Fish Workers Union Mrs.Ujjaini Halim
(ECFWU)
Mr.Suman Kalyan
India
Serikat Petani Indonesia (SPI) Mr.Zainal Arffind

Indonesia
International Indian Treaty Mrs.Mokko Morris
Council (IITC)
Currently not active
member
New Zealand
National Fisheries Solidarity Mr.Herman Kumara
Movement (NAFSO)
Mr.Nimal I Perera
Sri Lanka
Sustainable Development Foun- Mrs.Ravadee Prasert-
dation(SDF) charoensk

Thailand
International Planning Commit- Mrs.Velia Lucidi
tee (IPC)

Italy

Our Progress as RAG (A&P)

 Carried out the 1st Regional SSF Assessment in 2020

 Contributed to the Global impact assessment of COVID-19 on families implemented
by UNDFF completed 3155 Survey forms(family) in all the five countries.

• 158 •
 Organized and coordinated the implementation of Peoples Tribunals on the impacts
of Blue Economy in 4 member countries (http://blueeconomytribunal.org/)

 First RAG member physical gathering in Bangkok , 10-13th ,May 2022

 Enhanced the use of SSF Guidelines with the People centred Lens based on

the Verdicts of Peoples Tribunals on Blue Economy.

 Contributed to the formulation of People Cantered Methodology to assess the

implementation of SSF Guidelines

(https://www.foodsovereignty.org/people-centred-methodoogy-ssf/ )

 Planning implementation of the People centred Assessment on SSF Guidelines in

6 Countries & building up National Platforms

Challenges:

 Motivation and engagement of State Authorities, Institutions & Organizations in

caring and protecting SSF people and Resources.

 Involving more Countries in the Regional Process.

 Making the SSF Guidelines own by the Fishers themselves.

 Restoring the public/social image of SSFs as important contributors to the Food

Security

 Search for required (sufficient) Financial Resources to expand and sustain the
Process.

• 159 •
Our Common Challenge:

 — Blue Growth" Initiatives to extract and exploit resources of the Ocean . Now
— Blue Transformation.."

 The life below the sea gain the primacy for the sake of economy, over the lives
above the water, consisting of the Oceanic peoples(specially SSFs, Traditional
fishers..etc)

 —Exploration, Expansion, and Exploitation" Ocean Resources continues

''...Best wishes to National Fisheries Solidarity(NAFSO) of the

untiring efforts in 25 years unifying, strengthening and
journeying with the small Fishers in all their struggles…"

Mr. Nimal I Perera

Secretary
Regional Advisory Group (Asia & Pacific)

• 160 •
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdr ld¾hdxYh yd Èia;s%la udOH Ndú;h

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh 1997 j¾Ifha fifvla wdh;kfhka

fjka j iajdëk wdh;khla f,i m%;sia:dmkh ùu iksgqjka l< od mgka wm
jHdmdrh i;=j udOH lñgqjla yryd ish udOH jevigyka úiqrejd Æ w;r
th wo ;rï úêu;aNdjhla biq¿fõ ke;' úfYAIfhka iq¿mkak ëjrhska
we;=¿ ish¨ wdydr ksIamdolhskaf.a whs;sh wdrCId lsÍu Wfoid ls%hd;aul
wm jHdmdrh wdrïNfha§ ta i`oyd úúO jevigyka udOH yryd ls%hd;aul
l< w;r wdrïNfha§ fjku wxYhla f,i ls%hd;aul úh' miqj th Èidkdhl"
iñ; wd§ úúO mqoa.,hskaf.a wëCIKh yd u`.fmkaùu hgf;a wm jHdmdrfha
ls%hd;aul úh' flfia fj;;a wo jk cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha isú,a
ixúOdk cd,fha udOH ls%hdldß;ajfha ±jeka;fhl= njg m;aj we;'

1997 j¾Ifha mgka l%ñlj wdrïN jq wm jHdmdrfha udOH wo jk úg ish¨

jevlghq;= wmf.a ks, uqyqKq fmd; yryd jHdma; lrk w;r th Nafso
Sri Lanka hk kñka ls%hd;aul fõ' Èia;s%lal 15 mqrd úisß me;sß we;s wm
jHdmdrfha ish¨u Èia;s%lal flakaøfldgf.k ls%hd;aul jk ;reK" mdßißl"
<ud" ldka;d" bvï yd m%;sm;a;sj,g wod< ish¨u jevigyka iudch fj;
m%úYag lrk udOH wmf.a ks, uqyqKq fmd;hs' tfukau" wmf.a ks, wka;¾cd,
udOH f,i www.nafsosl.org úoHq;a ,smskfha hgf;a ls%hd;aul jk íf,da.¾
^Blogger& wmf.a ks, fjí msgqjhs'

wmf.a uqyqKq fmd; fiau fuys wm úiska isÿ lrk kkajeoEreï jevigyka
wka;¾cd;sl m%cdj b,lal lr .ksñka ,nd §ug lghq;= lr we;' wo jk úg
cd;sl leojqïldr;=udf.a u`.fmkaùu yd wëCIKh hgf;a ls%hd;aul jk wm
udOH wxYh m%Odk Odrd folla hgf;a ls%hd;aul fõ' úfYAIfhka iudc udOH
mqyqKq mj;ajñka iudc udOH ms<sn`oj ±kqu yd m%dfhda.sl ±kqu Èia;s%lal
idudðl;ajh fj; ,nd §ug iudc udOH mqyqKq jevigyka ixúOdkh lsÍu
yd fufhùu isÿ lrk wm udOH wxYh wo jk úg lghq;= lr we;' úfYAIfhka
iudc udOH b;du;a ÈhqKq fujka ld,hl wm jHdmdrh úiska Ndú; lrk
iudc udOH fuj,ï iy úfYaIfhka uqøs; udOH ta w;r is`ÿir ff;s%hsudisl
mqj;a o ta w;r úfYAI ia:dkhla .kS' úfYAIfhkau cd;sl udOH yd m%dfoaYSh
udOH iu`. lghq;= lrk wm ixúOdkfha Tjqka iu`. Wfrka Wr lghq;= lr;s'

úfoaYSh jYfhka ixúOdkh l< iudc udOH mqyqKq i`oyd ish idudðl;ajh
fhduq lrñka udOH w;r ±jeka;fhl= jkakg ,nd fok bv m%ia:d wmuKh'
• 161 •
iudc udOH muKla fkdj uqøs; udOH i`oyd o wm jHdmdrfha fkdu`o odhl;ajh
,nd foa' úfYAIfhka rch úiska ls%hd;aul wúêu;a ixj¾Ok jevigyka
yuqfõ wirK jq ck;djf.a y`v iudc udOH Tiafia uq¿ rgg f.k hñka
Tjqkaf.a fõokdjg yd iqiqug idOdrKhla bgq lsÍug wm jHdmdrh lghq;=
lrhs' úfYAIfhka udOH idlÉPd iQodkï lrñka ck;dj ±kqj;a lrkakg
wm jHdmdrh lghq;= lrhs' fuysÈ isú,a ixúOdk flaI;%h ;=< ls%hd;aul jk
wfkl=;a udOH iu`. ifydaor;ajfhka w;aje,a ne`o.ksñka lghq;= lrhs'

kqjka m%§ma È,aIdka

udOH iïnkaëldrl
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdr

• 162 •
 Èial%sla udOH iïnkaëldrlhska

Mr.Oshada Varnath, Matara Miss.Deepa Subashine, Negombo

Mr.Laksara Samarathunga, Matara Mr.A.R.Munas, Putlam

Mrs.Nadeeka Jayamali, Galle

Mr. Benadict Croos, Mannar

• 163 •
 Miss. S.Damayanthi Mr.J.W.C.Manoj Silva
Coordinator of Kaluthara Coordinator of Polonnaruwa

Mr. Arumukam Satheesvaran,

Kilinochchi Mr.Piraths, Mulathew

Mr.Kiddinan Puvinthan, Jaffna Mr.Kalanther Issadeen, Ampara

• 164 •
Miss Amandi Rathnayaka,
Monaragala Miss.K.R.Nikini Kawisha, Trincomali

Mr.Sanjeewa Sampath, Mrs. Ramanathan Nirosa, Batticoloa

Kurunagala

• 165 •
ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh" ud;r Èia;s%lalh

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iuÕ cd, .; jQ ixúOdkhla jk ud;r

Èia;s%lalfha ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh 1994 j¾Ifha m%cd ixúOdkhla f,i
fI,agka .=Kr;ak uy;df.a m%Odk;ajfhka ia:dms; lrk ,§'

wm m%foaYfha ëjr ck;djf.a fuka u wfkl=;a wdka;sl m%cdjf.a whs;sjdislï

yd iqn isoaêh wruqKq lrf.k f.dvke.=kq wm jHdmdrh" fi!Nd.Hu;a
iudchla lsÍu wmf.a ±lau fõ' ol=fKa m%cdjf.a ëjr jD;a;Sh whs;sjdislï
wdrCId lsÍu i`oyd úúO jq l¾;DjHj, kshe¨K wm ëjr jD;a;slhkaf.a
muKla fkdj ëjr ldka;djka" ;reK fldgia iy <uqka fjkqfjka o fndfyda
jevigyka ls%hd;aul lrk ,§' tu jevigyka w;r m%Odk jevigyka
jQfha mßir" m%;sm;a;s yd n,mEï" úl,am wd¾Ól lghq;= yd <ud" ldka;d
ls%hdj,ska h' .ïudk uÜgñka l=vd lKavdhï jYfhka ^tall& jYfhka lñgq
09 la ilS%hj mj;s' tu lñgqj,g idudðldjka meñK m%.;sh bÈßm;a lrñka
bÈß udifha jev ie,iqï ilia lrkq ,efí' fï wdldrhg m%cd odhl;ajh
,nd foñka Tjqkaf.a wd¾Ól yd idudÔh lghq;= kkajd,Sug wm ixúOdkh
ls%hd;aul fõ'

2004 j¾Ifha iqkdñ fÄojdplh;a iu`. ì`o jegqKq ëjr ck;djf.a Ôú;h
kkajd,Su fjkqfjka fndfyda odhl;ajhla ,nd §ug wmg yels jQfha cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhfha iDcq ueÈy;a ùu yd iyfhda.h ksidfjks'
tys m%;sM,hla f,i ol=Kq m<df;a iqkdñ wjOdkug ,la jQ m%cdj kej;
f.dvke.Sfï ld¾hfha kshe¨Kq fyd`ou ixúOdkh f,i cmdkfha chsld
wdhd;kfha ol=Kq m<d;a fyd`ou ixúOdkh f,i wm ixúOdkh fj; Wmydr
iïudkhla msßkuk ,§'

2003 yd 2005 hk j¾Ij, cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha m%dfoaYSh

ixúOdk cd,fha fyd`ou ixúOdkh f,i f,dal ëjr iuq¿fõ§ iïudk
msßkuk ,§'
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrfha cd, .; ixúOdkhla f,i jir 25 wêl
l,la lsh
% d;aul jk wm m%foaYfha ck;djf.a úúO .eg¨j,§ Tjqka yd tla
fjñka Tjqkf a .a whs;kS a Èkd .ekSu fjkqfjka ilSh
% j odhl;ajh imhk ,§'
fï fya;f= jka ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh ck;djf.a ixúOdkhla f,i fkdueflk
u;l igyka wm ;nd we;af;uq'
• 166 •
úfYAIfhka 2004 iqkdñ jHikfhka lvd jegqKq ck Èúh kej; k`.d isgù q u
i`oyd Tre iy fndaÜgq ms<i s lr lr ÿka w;r w¨;ska fndaÜgq ±,a yd ëjr
wdïmkak ,nd fok ,§' ;jo ksfjia w¨;a jeähd lr kj ksjdi o ,nd
fok ,§' iajhx /lshd i`oyd o wdOdr o cx.u fj<`odu i`oyd md meÈ yd
h;=re meÈ o ,nd §u jeks m%cd i;aldr /ila lsÍug yels jQfha cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.;s d jHdmdrfha iDcq ueÈy;aùu ksid nj i`oyka l< hq;u = h' ol=fKa
ëjr ixúOdkfha u`.fmkaùfuka Yla;u s ;aj iajhx /lshdj, kshef,ñka
wd¾Ólh f.dvk.d .;a ëjr ldka;djka" ëjr jD;a;l s hska úYd, ixLHdjla
isàu i;=gg lreKls' tfukau" ldnksl lDIs l¾udka;fha kshef,k úYd,
msßila id¾:l ;u f.j;= lsh % d;aul fldg wd¾Ólhg Yla;h s la ,nd f.k
we;' j¾;udkfha ;reK m%cdjf.a ±kqu" wdl,am yd l=i,;d f.dvke.Su
i`oyd fndfyda jevigyka lsh % d;aul yels jQ w;r úúO jq foaYmd,k mCIj,
foaYmd,{hka yd by< fmf<a rdcH ks,OdÍka iu`. ud¾. .; l%uh Tiafia
úúO u;jdo ixjdo yd úixjdo f.dvke.Sug wjia:dj ,enqK's ol=fKa ëjr
ixjOdkh ud;r Èia;l %s la fha muKla fkdj fjk;a Èia;l %s l
a j, m%dfoaYh S
ixúOdk f.dvke.Sfï§ iDcq odhl;ajhla olajk ,§' wïmdr" ;sl % K
= du,h iy
yïnkaf;dg hk Èia;l %s l a j, ck;dj f.dvke.Sug wm ixúOdkhg yels úh'

fujeks jq id¾:l .uka u`.lg m%úYag ùug wm ixúOdkhg yels jQfha cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha iyfhda.h yd u`.fmkaùu ksid nj i`oyka l<
hq;=h' 2022 fkdjeïn¾ ui 20 jk Èk ish 25 jk ixj;airh iurk cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg ;j ;j;a m%cd i;aldrfhys kshe,Sug wjeis
Yla;sh yd ffO¾hh ksr;=re ,efíjdhs wms m%d¾:kd lruq'

• 167 •
ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh" ud;r Èia;s%lalh

• 168 •
ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh - .d,a, Èia;s%lalh

ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh .d,a, Èidfõ § cd;sl kdhl;=udf.a u`.fmkaùfuka

wdrïN úh' fuh .d,a, iq¿mkak ëjr jrdhla jk rÊ.u je,a, ëjr
idudðlhska uQ,sl lr .ksñka wdrïN jqKs' wm ixúOdkfha m<uq idudðl;ajh
ã'{dKodi uy;d jk w;r bka wk;=rej my; mßÈ iq¿mkak ëjr idudðlhska
fï i`oyd tla ùu isÿ jQy' wm ixúOdkfha wdrïNl idudðl;ajh f,i
ã'{dKodi uy;d" mS'tÉ',eïnÜ uy;d" ta'mS',S,dr;ak uy;d" fla'fidauisß
uy;d iy ,S,dks l¿myk hk uy;au uy;aóka fydnjk ,oy'

wm ixúOdkh cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djh uQ,slj mokï lrf.k ìysjq

w;r —ieug idOdrKjq fi!Nd.Hu;a iudchla f.dv.kkajuq˜ hk f;aud
mdGh wm i;= fõ' t;eka isg fuu f;aud mdGh iu`. bÈßhg hñka rg
;=< jdf.au Èidj ;=< o wvqmdvqjla j mej;s ëjr .eg¨ wduka;%Kh lsÍug
;ekla wdrïN úh'

fuysÈ uQ,sl jYfhka ëjr mßirh" ëjr ck;djf.a jD;a;Sh whs;sjdislï"

ëjr mjq,aj, iqnidOkh wdÈh uQ,sl;ajh f.k lghq;= lrhs'

l%u l%ufhka wm ixúOdkfha idudðl;ajh iaÓr ùu yd Èia;s%lalfha .eg¨

ksis whqßka idlÉPd lsÍug m<uqj m%dfoaYSh lñgqj ^Èia;s%la lñgqj& wdrïN
úh' fï i`oyd uQ,sl jq ck fldgi jQfha iq¿mkak ëjrhd yd ëjr ldka;djhs'

miqld,skj wm ixúOdkfha ls%hdldß;ajh mq¿,a lrñka idudðl ixLHdj

yd ls%hd lrñka úIh m:h mq¿,a úh' ta weiqßka m%dfoaYSh lñgqj f.dùka"
;reKhskaf.a ck rdYs ùu isÿ úh' my;ska ±lafjkafka ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkfha
m%dfoaYSh lñgqfõ l%ñl úldYkhhs'

• 169 •
fï jk úg ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh .d,a, f,i ls%hd;aul jk úIh
flaI;%h yd Bg wod< f;aud (

• ;srir cd;sl ëjr m%;sm;a;shla ia:dms; lruq - ëjr wxYh

• uõ moúhg .re lrk idrO¾u msß iudchla f.dvk.uq - ldka;d

wxYh

• mßirh yd iudc fjkila i`oyd jq ;reK jHdmdrh

• uy fmdf<dj iqjm;a lrñka wdydr w¾nqoh ch .ksuq - f.dú wxYh

ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh ,nd we;s ch.%yK

• ëjr l¾udka;h yd m%;sm;a;s n,mEï iïnkaO lghq;= bÈßhg

f.khEu i`oyd —ëjr jD;a;Sh iñ;shla mejÍu˜

• ldka;d whs;sjdislï ms<sn`oj lghq;= lsÍu i`oyd —Èia;s%la ldka;d

tl;=jla mej;Su˜

• lDIsl¾u iïnkaOj lghq;= lsÍu i`oyd —f.dú lKavdhula ;sîu˜

• 170 •
 • ;reK yd mdßißl lghq;= ms<sn`oj idlÉPd fldg ls%hd;aul lsÍu
i`oyd —;reK lñgqjla ;sîu˜
• —rÊ.u l,mqj ixrCIKh lsÍu fjkqfjka ck;djf.ka yd rdcH
ks,Odßkaf.ka iukaú; lKavdhula ls%hd;aul ùu'
• ixúOdkh ;=< b;sß lsÍï yd mqxÑ nexl= iudc ls%hdj,shla ia:dms; ù
;sîu - .ïudk 10 ls%hd;aul ùu
• ixúOdk jev ms<sfj, fï jk úg .ïudk 22 l ls%hd;aul ùu'
• fï jk úg kdhl kdhsldjka ìys ù ;sîu' ^ldka;d 20 msßñ 05 iy
;reK 20&
ndysr iïnkaO;d
• rdcH ks,OdÍka yd wdh;k iu`. úIhdkqnoaO iïnkaONdjh
mj;ajdf.k hdug yels ùu'
• rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk iu`. taldnoaOj lghq;= lrñka ixúOdkfha
ku ls%hdldßjfhka bÈßfhka ;eîug yels ùu'
• ixúOdk ms<sn`oj ck;dj rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk w;r ms<s.ekSug
,la ùu'
• rÊ.u l,mqj mßir moaO;sh iu`. wLKavj ls%hd;aul jk lKavdhula
f,i ck;dj y`ÿkd.ekSu'
• fï jk úg iDcq idudðl;ajh - ldka;d yd msßñ 600 olajd j¾Okh ùu'
wNsfhda.
• ixúOdk jevms<sfj, mq¿,a fj;au wod< lghq;= isÿ lrf.k hEug
wm wdh;kfha iïm;a fidhd .ekSug wfmdfydi;a ùu'
• ixúOdk jev lghq;= mj;ajd f.k hefïoS idudðh b,a,Sï bgq lr
.ekSug wjYH mßÈ ia:djr jevms<sfj,la f.dvke.Sug fkdyels ùu'
• ixúOdk ls%hdj,sh Èh;a lsÍfïoS we;s ndOd bj;a lr .ekSug fkdyels
ùu'
ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh
.d,a, Èia;s%lalh

• 171 •
l¿;r Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh

1997 j¾Ifha § rdclSh mKaä; fodvï my< isß {dK ysñhkaf.a b,a,Sula
f,i cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha le`ojqïlre y¾uka l=udr uy;d
l¿;r ëjr iyfhda.s;djh m%,sk;drdufha§ mj;ajk ,§' wkqYdil f,i
isßiq.=Kq ysñ fuysÈ m;a lr .kakg fhÿKs' fuu /iaùu cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d ó.uqj ld¾hd,fha§ mßmd,k f,alï;=ñh jQ .S;d uy;añh o
iyNd.s jQjd h' wm ixúOdk úlagßka meúÈ fidfydhqßh o ksr;=rej wmg
iyh ,nd fokq ,enqjd h' wm ixúOdkfha m%:u iïnkaêldrl f,i mshr;ak
uy;d lghq;= l< w;r l=uqÿks fukúh iðúldj f,i lghq;= l<d h' kjñks
fidhqrd;a bkaÈld fukúh;a iðjl iðúldjka f,i iyh oelajQy'

m%:u iïnkaêldrl ( ms%hr;ak uy;d

m%:u iðúld ( bkaÈld kjñKs

l=uqÿks óf.dv fukúh ^1997 isg 2010 olajd&

iðúld" iïnkaêldßld

§md,a mqyquqf.dv ^2004 isg udi 10 muK& iïnkaêldßld

wkqYdil rdclSh mKaä; fodvï my< isß iq.=K ysñ ^1997 - 2004&

iïnkaêldrl - È,dka .S;a ,,dka

iïnkaêldrl - iqo¾Yk bf,fmreu

iïnkaêldrl - ksu,a iqYdka;

iïnkaêldrl - bfjdaka is;dß

j¾;udkfha iïnkaêldrl ( ã' ã' tka' ouhka;s fukúh

wm ixúOdk cd,fha m%:u m%dfoaYSh lñgqj l¿;r" fírej,' u.af.dk"

mhd.," lgql=rekao" l¿;r W;=r" ol=K uia;uqj" fmd;=msáh" jdoa¥j"
;,amsáh iy mskj;a; hk m%foaYj,g ck;dj talrdYs lr jevigyka isÿ
lrk ,§' fmd;=msáh ck;dj iu`. tl;= ù NdKav fnod §fï jevigyka

• 172 •
.Kkdjla lrej,.ia jej ck;dj iu`. isÿ lrk ,§' jdoa¥j ëjr ck;dj
iu`. o úYd, jev fldgila l< nj o i`oyka lsÍug leue;af;ñ' cdä
±óu" lrj, l,a;nd .ekSu" ud¿j,ska úúO wdydr mdk ieliSu" ud¿
fldrfmd;=j,ska úúO ks¾udK lr úfoaYslhska yg wf,ú fldg uqo,a Wmhd
.ekSu" ;,amsáh we, mú;% fldg .,a jeá ±óu wd§ fï ish¨ i`oyd ó.uqj
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha fkdu`o iyh ,nd ÿka fok ,§' 2000 j¾Ifha
l=uqÿks fukúhf.a ld¾h nyq,;ajh fya;=fldgf.k jev lghq;= wêl ùu
ksid tu jif¾§u ouhka;s fukúh ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg n`ojd .kq
,enqjd h' l=uqÿks fukúh iu`. tl;= fjñka lKavdhï f.dvk.ñka jev
l< w;r;=r§ .d,af,a rx. uy;d wm ixúOdkhg iyh ùu msKsi n`ojd
.kakd ,§' bka miq 2004 jif¾ uq,a udij,§ l=uqÿks bkaÈhdfõ flar,fha
pdßldjlg iyNd.s jQjd h' tu jif¾ f,dal iudc iuq¿jg iyNd.s ùu
i`oyd l=reKE., ùÈ kdgH lKavdhula iy ó.uqj ld¾hd,fha fidydhqrka
iu`. uqïndhs fj; msg;aùug ouhka;s fukúhg o wjia:dj Wod jQjd h'

2004 j¾Ifha foieïn¾ ui 18 jk Èk wdre.ïfí ëjr ksjdi .sks ;eîfuka

wkd:jq ck;dj fjkqfjka l< úfrdaO;djh l¿;r ck;dj iu`. iïnkaO
jQy' 2004 jif¾ foieïn¾ ui 26 Èk b;d wjikdjka; iqkdñ jHikfhka
miqj ó.uqj cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djhg úYd, jev fldgila isÿ lsÍug jQ
nj i`oyka l< hq;=h' l¿;r W;=r ëjr iyfhda.s;d ld¾hd,fha§ mj;a jk
,o uy iNdfjka iqkdñh fya;=fjka ksjdi wysñ jq ck;djg bvï ,nd fok
,§' fuysÈ ksjdi 30 la ;kd § ck;djg fj; ndr l< w;r tysÈ jir 10
lska miqj Tmamq ,nd fok nj;a fiajd .súiqula ,nd § ,nd §fuka mjik ,§'
fï i`oyd ish¨u úhoï cd;sl ld¾hd,fhka ,enQ w;r ks j dij,g úÿ,s h
o mdkSh c,h ,nd .ekSu i`oyd fmdÿ <s`ola o ;kd fok ,§' tfukau" wm
Èia;s%lalfha ck;djg ,CI 15 jákd uqo,ska iajhx /lshd i`oyd wdOdr ,nd
§u o iqkdñfhka ydks jq ëjr ck;djf.a ëjr wdïmkak úfYAIfhka ëjr
fndaÜgq 42 ,nd §u o ±,a wdïmkak o ud¿ fj<odï isÿ lrk ck;djg wx.
iïmQ¾K md meÈ o ^ud¿ fmÜáh iu`.& ,nd fok ,§' iqkdñfhka úm;g
m;a mdi,a 30 l <uqka io`yd mdi,a WmlrK yd mdjyka jõp¾ ,nd fok
,§' tu mdi,a i`oyd wjYH mqyqKq o me< o ,nd fokakg lghq;= lrk ,§'
isxy.u" l¿;r" ñys;;j;a; hk .ïudkj,g wU" w,sfmar" fo¿ï hk me<
o ,nd fok ,§' .eìKs ud;djka yd <uqkag wjYH ish¨u WmlrK o wkd:
l`ojqrej, ck;djg we`ÿï o ,nd fokakg lghq;= lrk ,§'

• 173 •
isxy.u bvug fj,alï úf,aÊ ^Welcome Village& hk kñka ;nkakg jq w;r
tu .ïudkh i`oyd nia r:hla o ,nd fok ,o w;r tu nia r:h md, Ydka;
hk wh úiska mß;Hd. lrk ,§' tajdf.au iqkdñfhka úm;g m;a ck;djg
Woõ Wmldr f,i tu ck;djf.a úkdY ù .sh iy m¿ÿ ù .sh ksjdi
mú;% lsÍug o ó.uqj ld¾hd,fha iyh ,enqKs' 1997 j¾Ifha isg 2022 jir
olajd ó.uqj ld¾hd,fhka ixúOdkh l< ish¨u jevigyka i`oyd ó.uqj
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djfhka jpkfhka ksu l< fkdyels wk.s fiajjdla wm
ixúOdkh fj; ,enq nj i`oyka l< hq;=h'

l¿;r ëjr iyfhda.s;djhg ksis ia:dkhl ia:dk .; jq ld¾hd,hlka fkdue;s

ùu ksid ud,ska meúÈ fidfydhqßh fyak bvu ñ,g f.k wm ld¾hd,h idod
ksu lr .ekSug m¾pia 09 l bvla wm fj; ,nd fokq ,enqjd h' miqj cd;sl
ld¾hd,fhka úhoï fldg wx. iïmQ¾K ld¾hd,hla wm fj; ,nd fok ,§'
.re ud,ska meúos fidfydhqßh tu bvfï ksjdi 08 la i`oyd tu ck;djg
uqo,a ,nd fok ,§' iqkdñ ld, iSudfõ .re ud,ska meúos fidfydhqßh uyk
hka;% 200 la ,nd §ug lghq;= l<d h' ±,a mka;dre" Tre" uq¿;eka f.hs
WmlrK ,nd fokakg lghq;= l<d h' iqkdñfhka miqj 2022 jir olajdu
wm ixúOdkhg ó.uqj cd;sl ld¾hd,fhka ,nd fok ,o mqyqKq jevigyka"
.xj;=frka yd fldfrdakd ffjrifhka mSvdjg m;a ck;djg úh<s wdydr ,nd
.ekSug ,nd fok ,o uqo,a ms<sn`oj f.!rjfhka isysm;a lrk w;r rela
frdamK jevigyka i`oyd o mßir jevigyka i`oyd o wm ixúOdkh fj;
,nd ÿka uqo,a yd WmlrK iïnkaOfhka wmf.a lD;fõÈ;ajh m, lr isáuq'
1997 j¾Ifha isg 2022 j¾Ih olajd wm fj; ,nd fok ish¨u foa ms<sn`oj wm
ixúOdkhla f,i ksy;udks wdvïnrhla we;' tajdf.au ifydaor ixúOdkj,
ish¨u ld¾hh i`oyd wm ixúOdkfha o iyfhda.h ,nd fok ,§' wm fuf;la
wd .uka u`. iqkaor yd lgql w;a±lsïj,ska f.jqK o tajd W.;a mdvï f,i
ie,ls,a,g .ksñka bÈßhg md k.kafkñ'

fï olajd wm ixúOdkh isÿ lr we;s ls%hdldrlï

1. f.j;= j.d i`oyd .ïudk ;=kla mqyqKqj yd îc ,nd §u'

2. wdmod l<ukdlrK jevigykg ;reK <uqka fhduq lsÍu'

3. iEu uilg <ud iudc /iaùï meje;aùu' ^ìysir" ihqr" ;re w;ßka t<sh
n,uq" uq;=yr" .fõIs ;reK yuqj&
• 174 •
 4. n,mEï jevigykaj,g iïnkaO ùu'
5. ëjr m%;sm;a;sh i`oyd ck;dj /ia lr ±kqu ,nd §u'
6. bvï whs;sh iïnkaO ck;djg oekqu ,nd §u'
7. li, l<ukdlrKh ms<sn`oj ±kqu ,nd §u'
cd, .; ù isÿ l< fmdÿ ld¾hh
1. cd;sl ld¾hd,h u`.k
s a mj;ajk ,o n,mEï jevigykaj,g iyNd.s ùu'
2. uehs /<sj,g iïnkaO ùu'
3. wdmod l<ukdlrKh mqyqKq .ïudk foll ck;dj fj; ,nd §u'
4. .xj;=frka mSvdjg m;a l¿;r iy mhd., ck;djg úh<s wdydr ,nd
§u'
5. Èia;s%lalfha jev lrk ck;djf.a m%Yak iy .eg¨j,g úi`ÿï fiùug
ueÈy;a ùu'
li< l<ukdlrKh ksid isÿ jq fjki
1. li, l<ukdlrK mqyqKqj ,nd .;a .ïudk 06 l ck;dj bj; Æ
fmd,s;ska" fnda;,a jeks foa fjka fldg ;eîu yd tajd fnda. j.d lghq;=
i`oyd fhdod .ekSu'
2. f.j;a; fjkodg jvd mú;%j ;nd .ekSu'
3. fmd,a lgq yd ldnksl fmdfydr iE§ug bj; ,k øjH Wmfhda.s lr
.ekSu'
4. f.j;= j.d lsÍu u`.ska ji úfika f;dr wdydr ,nd .ekSug yels ùu'
5. ù f.dú;ekg fhduq ùu'
wmf.a Yla;Ska
1. .ïudk 09 ldka;d yd msßñ idudðlhska iu`. lKavdhï .; ùu'
2. m%dfoaYSh lñgq meje;aùu'
3. m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd, fofla iyfhda.h ,nd §u'
4. ;reK yd <ud idudðlhskaf.a iyNd.s;ajh
5. wd.ñl ia:dkj, yd mdi,aj, iyfhda.h ,eîu'
• 175 •
wm ,nd .;a ch.%yK

1' 2006 jif¾ isxy.u Èßh ldka;d lKavdhfï ldka;djka 10 fokdf.a

ueÈy;a ùu u; cd;sl ld¾hd,hg lrk ,o b,a,Su ksid rcfhka ,nd
§ug wlue;s jq úÿ,sh .ïudkhg ,nd .ekSug tu ldka;d msßig yels
jQy'

2' 2016 fírej, urlaldj,a j;a; ud¾.fha fomi we;s fj,ahdfha wmøjH
±óu ksid u`.Skag jk mSvdjg tfrysj ,sms .Kkdjla 2017 jif¾ jk
;=re idka; wdkd lKavdhfï iu`. isák ldka;djka fírej, k.r
iNdjg ±ófï m%;sM,hla f,i 2017 foieïn¾ 10 jk È kth k;r lr
±óu Tjqka ,o chls'

3' 2010 jif¾ isg jir .Kkdjlau iEu rchlau mhd., úydr lkao
tluq;= ldka;d lKavdhu ´,kao we, msgdr hEu ksidu ksjdi hg úu
ms<sn`oj n,mEï ,sms ±ófï m%;sM,h f,i Tjqka ,nd .;a ch.%yKhla
f,i 2017 jif¾ we, ms<silr lr fok ,§'

4' 2018 jif¾ ,nd fok ,o li, l<ukdlrKh mqyqKqj ,o .ïudk 06 ka

03 l ldka;djka 05 fofkl= f.j;= wdrïN lsÍu'

ã' ã' tka' ouhka;s fukúh

l¿;r Èia;%sla iïnkaêldßld

cqfia msh .ïudkfha 2004 foieïn¾ ui 26 iqkdñh jHikfhka ydksjq ëjr fndaÜgq
i`oyd kj fndaÜgq ,nd §u
• 176 •
isxy.u bvu .ekSfuka miq y¾uka l=udr uy;d iy .S;d ,lañKs uy;añh
ck;dj weu;Su

2005 jif¾§ isxy.u iqkdñ .ïudkh msysgqùu

• 177 •
2006 jif¾ § Èh;a l< isxy.u rela frdamK jevigyk

2005 jif¾§ ëjr Èkh fírej,§ ieuÍu

• 178 •
YS% úuqla;s ëjr ldka;d ixúOdkh" ó.uqj

YS% úuqla;s ëjr ldka;d ixúOdkh ëjr ldka;djka mokï lr.;a cd;sl
ëjr iyfhd.s;d jHdmdrh yd iïnkaO m%cd ixúOdkhls' jir 2000 § muK
uqkaklalr ëjr .ïudkhl nyqÈk ëjrhska msßila uy uqyqfoa /lshdfõ
ksr;j isá wjia:djl bkaÈhdkq uqyqÿ iSudj W,a,x>Kh lsÍfï jrog Tjqka
ish¨ fokd bkaÈhdkq yuqodj úiska w;awvx.=jg m;a úh' ta iu`.u fuu
ëjrhskaf.a mjq,aj, idudðlhska tu ëjr msßi läkñka ksoyia lr .ekSu
i`oyd wod< j.lsj hq;= ks,OdÍka iu`. idlÉPd l< o thska lsisÿ úi`ÿula
fkd,enqKq ;ek Tjqka b;du;a wirK ;;a;ajhg m;a jQy" tjeks wjia:djl
YS% ,xldjg meñfKk .re f;dauia fldÉfÉß msh;=uka ms<sn`oj ±k.kakd
fuu ëjr ldka;djka msh;=ud yuqùug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg
meñfKkakg jQy' bkamiq cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha le`ojqïldr;=ud
jk y¾uka l=udr uy;df.a u`.fmkaùfuka tu ëjrhska ish¨ fokd ksoyia
lr .ekSug .; yels ish¨ mshjr .;a w;r wjidkfha§ ëjr wud;HdxYh
bÈßmsg ±jeka; Woaf>daIKhl mjd ksr; úh' tys idOkSh m%;sM,hla f,i
bkaÈhdkq yuqodj w;awvx.=jg m;a ish¨ ëjrhska ksoyia úh' fuu isÿùu YS%
úuqla;s ëjr ldka;d ixúOdkh ìysùug uq, msre wdrïNl wjia:dj f,i
iksgqjka fõ'

tu isÿùfuka n,.ekajq ldka;djka ëjrhskaf.a whs;sjdislï Èkd .ekSu

i`oyd tluq;=j lghq;= l< hq;= hkak woyiska oi fofkl=f.ka hq;a l=vd
lKavdhulska iqieÈ YS% úuqla;s ëjr ldka;d ixúOdkh kñka miqld,Skj
,shdmÈxÑ ù ks, jYfhka ls%hd;aul ùu wdrïN lrk ,§'

2004 j¾Ifha we;s jq iqkdñ jHikh;a iu`. ëjrhskag tu iqkdñ jHikfhka

we;s jQfha l=udkdldr n,mEula o hkak fidhd ne,Su i`oyd cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh úiska ióCIKhla Èh;a lrk ,§' fuu ióCIKh
YS% úuqla;s ëjr ldka;d ixúOdkh m%p,s; ùug lÈu wjia:djla úh' tys
m%;sM,hla f,i 1000 wdikak ëjr ldka;djka msßila wm ixúOdkh iu`.
noaOj lghq;= lr;s'

• 179 •
t;eka isg wo olajd m%Odk wxY lsysmhla hgf;a wm .uka u`. Èh;a fõ' ta
wkqj"

• m%;sm;a;s yd n,mEï jevigyka

• ldka;djka n, .ekaùu
• b;sß lsÍï yd úl,am wd¾Ól jevigyka
• ;reK yd mdrißl jevigyka
• iduh yd ikays`Èhdj
wm ixúOdkh ëjr whs;sjdislï muKla fkdj wfkl=;a flaI;%j, whs;sjdislï
W,a,x>Kh jk iEu wjia:djlu m%dfhda.slj;a" cd;slj;a lsisÿ fNaohlska
f;drj f.dvke.=kq ixúOdkhla f,i buy;a wNsudkhla wm i;=j we;'
tfukau" wúêu;a ixj¾Ok jHdmD;shla jk 2010 j¾Ifha§ ó.uqj l,mqfõ
iS-maf,ka f.dv nEug tfrysj Èh;a l< wr.,h iS.sß m¾j;hla fuka isá
Yla;su;a rchla iu`. igka fldg Èkd .;a tu whs;sh wm ixúOkh ,;a
fM;sydisl ch.%yKhls' fuu wr.,h fufyh ùug le`ojqïldr uKav,hla
isàu o wm ,;a chls'

uq¿;eka f.hs ;=< ffokslj .DyKshl f,i ksjfia ld¾hhj, muKla iSud
fkdú ldka;djkaf.a kdhl;ajh f.dvk.k wm idudÔh widOdrKlïj,g
tfrysj hqla;sh b,a,d ls%hd lsÍu .%dóh ldka;djkaf.a kdhl;ajh f.dvke.S
we;s njg lÈu ksoiqkls'

l=ßre hqoaOh fya;=fjka úm;g m;a jq ck;djg wjYH Wmldr lsÍfuka

muKla fkdj Tjqkaf.a whs;ska fjkqfjka W;=f¾ ck;djf.a .eg¨j fjkqfjka
ol=fKa ksrka;rfhkau y`v ke.Su W;=re ol=Kq ifydaor;ajhg lÈu ksoiqkls'
2019 j¾Ifha t,a, jq l=ßre mdial= fndaïn m%ydrh fya;=fjka úkdYhg
m;aùug bv ;snqKq foaÿkq k.rhla jk ó.uqj k.rfha cd;Ska iy wd.ñl
.eg¨ fya;=fjka f,a je.slsÍug bv fkd§ ldka;djka f,i iduldó mßirhla
f.dvke.Sug ldka;djka ls%hd lsÍu fya;=fjka wd.ñl iyÔjkh f,dalhg
lÈu ksoiqkla f,i iksgqyka fõ'

wmf.a cd;Ska fkdj úfoaYSh rgj, isg furgg ixl%uKh jq ck;djf.a

whs;Ska wdrCId lr Tjqkajka ukqIH;ajfha kñka wdrCId lr fifkyi ±la
ùu ;=<ska YS% ,dxlSh ck;djf.a wd.ka;=l i;aldrh o i`oyka l< hq;=h'
• 180 •
hym;a mßirhla f.dvke.Su ;=<ska fofjks fmf<a kdhl;ajhla i`oyd ;reK
jHdmdrh hgf;a ;reK ;reKshkaf.a kdhl;ajh f.dvke.Sug o Tjqkaf.a
ks¾udKYS,s;ajhg bv lvla ,nd fok lÈu fõ§ldjla ks¾udKh lsÍug wm
wu;l fkdlrhs'

;srir ëjr l¾udka;hla ëjrhskag hym;a fygla Wod lr §ug wLKavj

ls%hd lrk wmf.a ixúOdkh cd;sl muKla fkdj cd;Hka;rj o ECER –
NET, WFFP Women Working group, PANAP,AHI, UN working group, SAAPE
hkd§ cd;Hka;r ixúOdk iu`. w;aje,a ne`o .ekSug o wmf.a ls%hdldß;ajh
Yla;su;a ù we;'

újD; wd¾Ól ls%hdldß;ajfhka miqj úúO uqyqKqjßka Èh;a jk wúêu;a

ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,s ksid rfÜ iïm;a iQrd lEug úreoaOj ls%hd lrk YS% úuqla;s
ëjr ldka;d ixúOdkhfha ëjr ck;djf.a hym;a wkd.;hlg wLKavj
;u .uka u`. jHdma; lr .ksñka kj ÈYdk;shla lrd .uka lrhs'

§md iqNdIsks
iïnkaêldßld"
YS% úuqla;s ëjr ldka;d ixúOdkh" ó.uqj

• 181 •
Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" mq;a;,u

mq;a;,ï Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh wdrïN jkafka tjl mq;a;,ï

Èia;s%lalh ;=< l,mqj yd lfvd,dk mßir moaO;s úkdY lrñka we;s jq biaika
fmdl=Kq l¾udka;hg úfrdaOh olajd Èia;s%lalh ;=< we;s jq uyck úfrdaO;d
fya;=fldgf.k lfvd,dk mßir moaO;s /l .ekSfï mú;% fÉ;kdfjks' ta
i`oyd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ^tjlg ëjr iyfhda.s;d lñgqj&
u`.fmkaùu ;=< lfvd,dk mßir moaO;sh iq/lSug jkd;ú,a¨j m%foaYfhka
wdrïN lrk ,§' tysÈ fÊ' fÊ' fmf¾rd uy;d ^keiS.sh& tu m%foaYfha Ôj;a
jq mqoa.,fhl= ksid tu igkg kdhl;ajh fok ,§' tu igfka§ uy;a jq
m%h;akhla ord mßir moaO;sh /l .ekSug yels ùu mq;a;,ï Èia;s%la ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ,;a ch.%yKhla f,i i`oyka l< yel'

fÊ'fÊ'fmf¾rd uy;df.a wNdjfhka miq ã'î'b,ka.fldaka uy;d iïnkaêldrl

;k;=rg m;a ù ëjr whs;sjdislï Èkd .ekSu fjkqfjka Èia;s%lalh ;=< úúO
ls%hdud¾. Èh;a lrk ,§' tysÈ ;,ú, lmam, wäh ëjr .ïudkfha ëjr
f;dgqfmd, jHdmdßlfhl= úiska n,;aldrfhka w;am;a lr .ekSu fya;=fjka
m%foaYfha ëjrhskag kdhl;ajh foñka mq;a;,ï Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;djh
l< igfka§ wêlrK ls%hdj,shlska miq tu f;dgqfmd, kej; ëjr ck;djg
,nd .ekSug yels ùu wm ,enq ;j;a tla ch.%yKhls'

tfukau" l,amsáh wjg yd Èia;s%lalfha wfkl=;a m%foaYj, ls%hd;aul jq kS;s

úfrdaê mkak l%u keje;aùug jir .Kkdjla wm ixúOdkh igka l< nj
isysm;a lruq' tfy;a" tu mkak l%u iïmQ¾Kfhkau ls%hd;aul ùu k;r lsÍug
wfmdfydi;a jQfha tu ;ykï mkak l%shd;aul ùu miq mi foaYmd,k yia;
;sfnk nj i`oyka l< hq;=h' th wm ,enq mrdchla fkdj tu kS;s úfrdaê
mkak l%u wm Èia;s%lalfha muKla fkdj cd;sl uÜgfï foaYmd,k ;,fha o
úYd, úfrdaOhla u;= lsÍug yels úh'

tu ld,h ;=< mßirh iq/lSu yd úúO mßir ls%hdldrlïj, kshe,Sug wmg

yels jQfha tjlg ;reK jHdmdrh wm Èia;s%lalh ;=< f.dvke.s ;snQ ksidfjks'
hym;a iudchla i`oyd jk ;reK jHdmdrh tod úYd, odhl;ajhla ±lajq
w;r Èia;s%lalh ;=< úúO mßir jevigyka Èh;a úh'

ã' î' b,ka.fldaka uy;df.a yÈis wNdfjka miq j;auka iïnkaêldrl

f,dfh,a mSßia uy;d wm Èia;s%lalfha iïnkaêldrl f,i f;aß m;a jq w;r
• 182 •
fï olajd Tyq iy l,amsáh m%foaYfha fÊ'moaukdoka uy;d tlaj ëjr whs;Ska
oskd .ekSug Èia;s%lalh ;=< wo olajd lghq;= lrñka isá;s' ;jo" wd¾Ól
jYfhka mSvd úÈk ldka;djkag wd¾Ól Yla;shla ùug o iajhx /lshd i`oyd
WmlrK ,nd §ug yels ùu wm ,;a ;j;a ch.%yKhls' ta i`oyd k*ard
uy;añh iy ishdÊ uy;d kdhl;ajh fokq ,enQy'

mq;a;,ï Èia;s%lalfha lrej,.iajej m%foaYh mq;a;,ï Èia;s%la Ojr

iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iu`. noaO ù lDIsld¾ñl yd ñßÈh ëjr l¾udka;hg
kdhl;ajh fok ,§'

fujr fkdjeïn¾ 21 ëjr Èkh wm iurkq ,nkafka jir 25 l §¾> ld,hla

mq;a;,ï Èia;s%lalh ;=< ëjr whs;sh Èkd .ekSu fjkqfjka cd;sl ëjr
jHdmdrhla f.dvke.Su i`oyd ëjr ck;djg kdhl;ajh foñks' tu ld,h
;=< wm .ïudk .Kkdjl ëjr ck;djg kdhl;ajh ÿka w;r m%dfoaYSh
f,alï fldÜGdi myl wm ëjr jHdmdrhla f.dvke.Sug lghq;= l< w;r
ta i`oyd kdhl;ajh ,nd §ug fÊ'fÊ'fmf¾rd uy;d" ã' î' b,ka.fldaka
uy;d" chj;s ueKsfla uy;añh" udlia m%kdkaÿ uy;d" f,dfh,a mSßia" ,ika;
úl%ur;ak" iy rxÔ;a uy;d hk uy;au uy;aóka tlajQy' miq.sh ld,fha§
wm .ïudk /il lghq;= l< w;r j¾;udkfha§ wm ixúOdkh my;
.ïudkj, ëjr whs;Ska yd mßirh" ëjr ldka;djkaf.a wd¾Ól fjkqfjka
lghq;= lrñka isá'

nre±,afmd," m,a,sjdimamdvqj" uk,a.=kavq" ;ïnmkaks" md,ú" iskakl=vqßmamq"

fmßhl=vqßmamq" f;a;jdäh" ;s,awäh" ukav,l=v" lSßuqkao,u" wdkjdi,"
jkaksuqkao,a" fudfyd;a;=jdru" iy u,amqr hk .ïudkj, wm ixúOdkh
lghq;= lrk w;r <ud iudcfha <uqka 15 fofkl=" ;reK <uqka 29 fofkl="
ëjrhska 53 fofkl= ëjr ldka;d 163 fofkl= ls%hdldÍj lghq;= lr;s'

f,dfh,a mSÍia
fÊ' moaukdoka
iïnkaëldrl jreka

• 183 •
25 Mz;Lfhy nraw;ghl;lwpf;if
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; khtl;l uPjpahf nraw;ghlhdJ 2003k;
Mz;L kd;dhu; khtl;lj;jpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.

2007k; Mz;L ,Wjpf;fl;l Aj;j Muk;g fhyj;jpy; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G

,af;fj;jpd; jiyaPl;Lld; njd;dpyq;if kw;Wk; kd;dhu; khtl;l ,isQu;fis
,izj;J khtl;l uPjpapy; cwTg;ghy epfo;T elhj;jg;gl;lJ.

2008k; Mz;L Aj;jj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F tho;thjhuj;jpw;fhd

flw;njhopy; cgfuzq;fs; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

,lk;ngau;e;j kf;fSf;fhd kPs;FbNaw;w eltbf;iffs; ,lk;ngw;WJ. (Kryp

gpuNjr kf;fs;)

2010k; Mz;L ,yq;if ,e;jpa kPdtu;fSf;fhd Ngr;Rthu;j;ij ,e;jpahtpy;

ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. ,jpy; kd;dhu; khtl;l kPdtu;fSk; fye;J nfhz;ldu;.

kPs;FbNaw;w mOj;j nraw;ghLfs; ,lk;ngw;wJ. ,jdhy; 2009y; Ks;spf;Fsk;

jtpu;e;j Vida Krypg; gpuNjrkf;fs; kPs;FbNaw;wg;gl;ldu;.

2012k; Mz;L Mb 1k; jpfjp Ks;spf;Fs fpuhkk; jd;dpr;irahf kPs;FbNaw;wk;

nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,jd;NghJ mtu;fSf;fhd cldb mj;jpatrpag; nghUl;fs;
vkJ mikg;gpdhy; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

2013y; FLk;g jiyikj;Jtg; ngz;fSf;fhd Rkhu; 200 mq;fj;jtu;fSf;F

tho;thjhu cjtpg;nghUl;fs; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

2013y; gs;spKid 25 tPl;Lj;jpl;l kf;fSila fhzpf;fhd tof;F vkJ

mikg;gpd; cjtpAld; gjpTnra;ag;gl;lJ.

• njhlu; Nghuhl;lq;fspy; <Lgl;lik

• kPdtu;fs; njhlu;ghdJ.
• mj;jpatrpa Njitfs;
• Nghijt];J vjpu;g;G
• ngz;fs; td;Kiw
• mjpfupj;j tpiythrp
• ,aw;ifts ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghdJ

• 184 •
,t;tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf khtl;lk;> khfhzk;> Njrpa uPjpapy; Nghuhl;lq;fs;
Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;ld.

2019 ngg;utup 20y; rpyhtj;Jiw kf;fSila fhzp tpLtpg;G njhlu;ghd

njhlu; Nghuhl;lk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

mdu;j;j epthuzg; nghUl;fs; toq;fg;gl;lik. (nfhNuhdh njhw;W>

nts;sg;ngUf;F)

kf[u; ifaspg;G kw;Wk; mur mjpfhupfisr; re;jpjjy;.

 njUtpsf;F Nghlg;gl;lik

 kpd;rhu trjp nra;ag;gl;lik

 itj;jparhiyapy; rpy nraw;ghLfs; nra;ag;gl;lik.

 tPjpfs; Gduikf;fg;gl;ik.

 FbePu; trjpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lik

ngz;fs;> ,isQu;fs; kw;Wk; kPdtu;fSf;F Njitahd gapw;rpfs;

toq;fg;gl;lik

Nkw;nfhs;Sfpd;w nraw;ghLfis r%f tiyj;jsq;fs; kw;Wk; gj;jpupiffs;

%yk; gpuRupj;jik.

• Clf re;jpg;Gf;fis elhj;jpaik

• nghJ mikg;GfSld; ,ize;J khtl;l nraw;ghLfis

Kd;ndLj;jik

• mur> mur rhu;gw;w epWtdq;fSld; ,ize;J nraw;gLfpd;wik.

• ,aw;if tptrhak;> tPl;Lj;Njhl;l nraw;ghLfis Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wik.

• ,isQu;fs; %yk; khtl;l nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;Sfpd;wik.

ngdbf; F&];
kd;dhu; khtl;l ,izg;ghsu;
kd;dhu;

• 185 •
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; nts;sptpoh
aho; khtl;lj;jpy; Kjw;fl;lkhf 2002k; Mz;L PPD kf;fSld; kf;fSf;fhd
fye;Jiuahly; tiyaikg;Gld; ,ize;J fhy; gjpj;jJ. mjd; Kjy; tUif
fhyk; rkhjhd cld;gbf;if eilKiwapy; ,Ue;jJ.

mf;fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpa ,Oitkb gpur;rpidfs; cUthfp ,Ue;jJ. mjd;

fhuzkhf Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; tlgFjp kPdtu;fSld;
ciuahly;fis elhj;jpaJ. ,Nj fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,e;jpa kPdtu;fs; rhu;e;j
r%f nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSk; tlgFjp kPdtu;fis Fwpg;ghf gUj;jpj;Jiw
gpuNjrj;ij rhu;e;j kPdtu;fSld; ciuahLtjw;F Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G
,af;fk; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.

,t;thwhd xU epiyikapy; kPzL

; k; cs;ehl;L Aj;jk; njhlq;fpaJ. ,jdhy;
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs; gpd;dilT fz;lJ ,Ue;j
NghJk; Aj;j nghUshjhuj;jpw;Fs; rpf;fpa kf;fspd; Jd;g Jauq;fis njw;F
kf;fs; njupe;Jf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; Flhehl;by; ,Ue;J 15 kf;fs; gpujpepjpfis
gy yl;rk; &gha;fis nryT nra;J tpkhdk; %yk; mioj;J njw;F gpuNjr
kf;fSld; ciuahl itj;jJ tuyhw;W Kf;fpak; tha;ej
; tplakhFk;.

2009y; Aj;jk; Kbtile;j gpd; kPz;Lk; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;gpd;

Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; Ntfk; vLj;jJ Aj;jj;jpdhy; ,lk; ngau;e;j kf;fspd;
FbNaw;wj;ij typAWj;jpAk; mtu;fspd; G+u;tPf FbapUg;G epyq;fis tpLtpf;f
Ntz;Lk; vd Nfhup> ngz; jiyikj;Jt FLk;gq;fspd; ngz;fSf;F tho;thjhu
jpl;lj;ij cUthf;fp> jil nra;ag;gl;l rl;l tpNuhj kPd;gpbfis epWj;jf;
Nfhup ,e;jpa ,Oitkb kPd;gpb Kiwfis jLj;J epWj;jf;$ba jPtpukhd
nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLj;J te;jJ ,r;nraw;ghLfis aho;khtl;lj;jpy;
,aq;fp te;j fpuhkpa ciog;ghsu;fs; rq;fk; nfhs;if cld;ghl;Lld;
,ize;J Kd;ndLj;J te;jJ gpd;du; nraw;ghLfs; tsu;r;rpaile;J te;j
Gjpa fl;likg;GfSk; cUthf;fg;gl;ld.

• tlkhfhz flw;njhopyhsu; ,izak;

• khtl;l G+e;jspu; ngz;fs; mikg;G
• gpui[fs; FO
• khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;.
• khtl;l ,isQu; mikg;G

• 186 •
,t;thW ,r;nraw;ghLfs; tpuptile;J nry;fpd;wd. Aj;jj;jpy; ,lk; ngau;e;j
kf;fspd; fhzp tpLtpg;G> kPs;FbNaw;wj;ij typAWj;jp gy Nghuhl;lq;fisAk;
mjw;F tYNru;f;Fk; tifapy; Ieh kdpj cupik ,izafj;jpw;F
,g;gpur;rpidfis nfhz;L nrd;wjd; tpisthf aho; typ tlf;F kf;fspd;
9000 Vf;fu; epyq;fspy; 6000 Vf;fu; epyk; tpLtpf;fg;gl;L ,lk; ngau;e;j 10000
FLk;gq;fspy; 5000 FLk;gq;fs; tiuapy; kPs;FbNaw;wk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.
,d;Dk; 5000 FLk;gq;fs; kPs;FbNaw;wk; nra;ag;gl cs;sd. (cg FLk;gq;fs;
jtpu)

,J Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpw;F fpilj;j ngUk; ntw;wpfshFk;.

,Nj Nghd;W 3919 Vf;fu; epyj;ij tpLtpf;fTk; kpFjpahf cs;s kf;fis
kPs; FbNaw;wTk; Nfhup vkJ mikg;G nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ ,Nj Ntis
rpWkPdtu;fis ghjpf;Fk; jil nra;ag;gl;l rl;ltpNuhj kPd;gpbfis
jLj;J epWj;jTk;> ,e;jpa ,Oitkbfis jLf;ff; NfhupAk; rl;l uPjpahd
Nghuhl;lq;fis> kf;fs; tpopg;Gzu;T Vw;gLj;jp kf;fs; Nghuhl;lq;fis
njhlu;r;rpahf Kd;ndLj;J tUfpd;wJ

mj;Jld; ngz; jiyikj;Jt FLk;gq;spd; ngz;fis mikg;ghf;fp mtu;fs;

jk; cupikfis ntd;W vLf;fTk;> Njitfis ngw;Wf; nfhs;s topfhl;b
tUtJld; mtu;fspd; tho;thjhu Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F njhopy; Kaw;r;rp
jpl;lq;fisAk; epthuz gzpfisAk; toq;fp tUfpd;wJ ,e;j epthuz
gzpia vkJ khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s KO mq;fj;jtu;fSf;Fk; mt;tg;NghJ
Vw;gLk; neUf;fbapd; NghJ toq;fp tUtJ vd;gJ ghuhl;lj;jf;f tplakhFk;.

NkYk; ,isQu; nraw;ghLfs; Clhf:

• fopT Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghL

• ku eLif jpl;lk;
• gpsh];bf; ghtid njhlu;ghf kf;fs; tpopg;G+l;Lk; nraw;ghL
• rpukjhd gzpfs;
• ,d>kj ey;ypzf;f nraw;ghL

,t;thwhd nraw;ghLfSld; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; ,aw;if

tsq;fis ghJfhf;Fk; nraw;ghLfis nra;J tUfpd;wJ ,t;thW gy;NtWgl;l
nraw;ghLfs;> jpl;lq;fs; %yk; ehl;L kf;fspilNa Mo Ntu; Cd;wp gue;J
tpupe;J cyf tiyaikg;GfSld; ifNfhu;j;J gykhd mikg;ghf ,e;j

• 187 •
25tJ Mz;by; gy ntw;wpfis ngw;Wf; nfhLj;J Kd;Ndwp te;jJ rhjhuz
tplak; my;y gy Nrhjidfs; Ntjifis fle;J te;J ,e;j Mz;L
nts;sptpoh fhz;gJ vd;gJ kfpo;r;rpANk. mj;Jld; vkJ khtl;lj;jpy; Njrpa
kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; fhy; gjpj;J 20 tUlq;fis vl;bAs;sJ. ,jidAk;
ehk; nfhz;lhl cs;Nshk;. mt;tifapy; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpy;
,uz;L tpohf;fis ehk; nfhz;lhLtJ vd;gJ vkf;F ,ul;bg;G kfpo;r;pNa.

tho;f Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;

tsu;f Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;

vd;W ghuhl;b tpil ngWfpd;Nwd;.

,d;gehafk;
khtl;l ,izg;ghsu;
aho;g;ghzk;

• 188 •
 25tJ tUl tho;j;J nra;jp fpspnehr;rp khtl;lk;
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; nraw;ghlhdJ kjd;Kiwahf
2014k; Mz;L tiyg;ghL fpuhQ;rp gs;spf;Flh ehr;rpf;Flh Mfpa fphukq;fis
Nru;ej
; ngz;fisAk; kPdtu;fisAk; cs;slf;fp Njrpa kPdtxj;Jiog;G
,af;fj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghf kf;fs; kag;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
Muk;gfhyj;jpy; fpl;lj;jl;l 40 mq;fj;jtu;fisf;nfhz;L nraw;ghLfs;
,lk;ngw;wJ.2017k; Mz;L fpspnehr;rp khtl;lj;jpd; ,uizjPT fpuhkj;jpd;
nraw;ghLfs; ,uhZtf;fLg;ghl;Lf;Fs; ,Ue;jikahy; me;jf;fpuhk
kf;fs; mq;F nry;y Kbahky; NghdJ ,uizjPTf;fpuhkk; tpLtpf;fg;gl
ntz;Lk; vd kf;fNshL kf;fshf epd;W mf; fpuhkk; tpLtpf;fg;ggl;lik
NjrpakPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;f fpspnehr;rp khtl;l nraw;ghl;by;
kpfg;ngupa ntw;wpahFk; . Muk;gj;jpy; 40 ngz; mq;fj;jtu;fis
nfhz;l khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; jw;NghJ 6 fpuhkq;fs;
cs;slq;fyhf 191 ngz; mq;fj;jtu;fisf; nfhz;L khtl;l mUk;G
ngz;fs; mikg;G nraw;ghl;by; cs;sJ. fpuhk uPjpahd gpur;rpidfis
,e;j mikg;G jiyaPL nra;J ntw;wpfisf;fz;Ls;sJ. cjhuzkhf
Ntutpy; fpuhk itj;jparhiyf;F Njitahd itj;jpa cgfuzq;fis
ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jik,tiyg;ghl;L tPjpg;gpur;ridf;fhf njhlh;eJ
; k;
mSj;j nraw;gg ; hLfspy; <LgLfpd;wik,Nghijg;nghUSf;F vjpuhd
kw;Wk; kf;fspd; fhzptpLtpg;G Nghd;w kf;fs; chpikrhh; Nghuhl;lq;fis
r%f hPjpahf Kd;ndLj;J tUfpd;wJ mj;Jld; Rw;whly; kw;Wk; ew;
r%f khw;wj;Jf;fhd ,isQh; ,af;fq;fis fl;bnaOg;Gk; nraw;ghl;by;
jw;NghJ 65 ,isQh;fs; vkJ mikg;gpy; ,ize;J nraw;gLfpd;w
mNj Ntis khtl;l hPjpahfTk; Njrpa hPjpahfTk; r%f eydf;fhf
,isQh;fs; jkJ gq;fspg;gpid njhlh;rr ; pahfTk; tUfpd;wdh; ,J xU
kpf nghpa ntw;wpahFk;.

mj;Jld; kPdth;fs; fl;likg;Gk; khtl;l hPjpahf tYg;ngw;Ws;sJ

tlkhfhz flw;njhopyhsh; ,izaj;ij cUthf;Ftjpy; fpspnehr;rp
khtl;lj;jpd; mh;gzpg;G kpf Kf;fpa gq;fpid tfpj;jJ. Njrpa kPdt
xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; ,t; tUlk; jdJ 25tJ Mz;by; ntw;wpfukhf
nraw;ghl;by; fhy;gjpf;fpd;wJ ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F kf;fs; Nrit njhlu
Ntz;Lnkd khtl;lk; rhh;ghf tho;j;Jf;fis njhptpf;fpd;Nwhk;.
MWKfk; rjP];tud;
fpspnehr;rp khtl;l ,izg;ghsu; - fpspnehr;rp

• 189 •
 mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;l Rdhkp tPl;Lj;jpl;lKk;
fpuhk epiyAk;

mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; nghj;Jtpy; gpuNjrj;jpy; Rkhu; 2003k; Mz;L

khtl;l kPdt Nguit xU r%f mur rhu;g;gw;w epWtdkhf gjpT
nra;ag;gl;lJ. mjpy; KjyhtJ ,izg;ghsuhf v];. mg;Jy; [g;ghu;
vd;gtu; topelj;jp te;jhu;. mtu; topelj;jp tUk; Ntiyapy; xU rpwg;ghd
epu;thfk;> mq;fj;jtu;fs;> kPdt r%fj;Jld; kdpj cupik> tptrhak;>
$ypj;njhopyhsu;> vd Rkhu; 2000 mq;fj;Jtk; ngw;w mikg;ghf
mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; 2003y; grwpr;Nrid> ghyKid> xYtpy;> epe;jT+u;>
rha;e;jkJU> fy;Kid> kUjKid Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; vkJ nra;j
cupikfs; kWf;fg;gl;l kPdt r%fk;> tptrhak;> $ypj;njhopyhsu;
Nghd;wtu;fSf;F vkJ mikg;G Nghuhl;lk; nra;J rpy ntw;wpfisAk;
ngw;wJ.

mg;NghJ Rdhkp Nguiy 2004.12.26k; jpfjp ,yq;if jpU ehl;by; Kjy;

Kjyhf fliyr; Nru;e;j gpuNjrk;> khtl;lq;fspy; Nguiy KOikahf
fly; rhu;e;j tsq;fis nfhz;l kf;fspd; tho;thjhuk;> ,Ug;gplk;
Nghd;w mopit jhf;fp NguopitAk; capu; Nrjq;fisAk; ,of;f
itj;jJ.

mjd; gpd;du; vkJ Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; ,t;Tupik rhu;e;j

kf;fspd; eyd; fUjp me;j kf;fspd; tho;tplk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l NghJ
,j;jhyp ehl;bd; cjtpAld; Rkhu; 63 tPLfs; jw;fhypfkhf mikj;J
nghj;Jtpy; gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; mDruiz cld; grwpr;Nrid>
rpq;fGuk;> rpd;dcy;iy> rthiy> `pjhahGuk;> [yhy;jPd; rJf;fk;
Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; tho;e;J te;j tWikahd tho;tplk; ,oe;j
fpuhkq;fSf;F Gjpa Rdhkp tPl;Lj;jpl;lKk; mikj;j Gjpa fpuhkkhf
mikj;j 63 tPLfs; Rkhu; xU tPl;Lf;fhd epjp cjtp &gh. 80>000/=
ngWkjpia ed;nfhilahf toq;fpdhu;fs;. 63x 80000=50,400,000/=
ngWkjpahd epjpAjtpia ,j;jhyp ehl;L kf;fspd; ed;nfhilahf
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; ngw;W mk;ghiw khtl;l kPdt
Nguit mikg;gpd; Rdhkpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F Kjw;fl;l
eltbf;ifia nra;jdu;.

• 190 •
mjpy; gy tWikf; Nfhl;by; tho;fpd;w kPdt FLk;gk; jw;NghJ ,e;j
tPl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpy; thoe;;J mtu;fspd; kf;fSf;Fk; ,e;j tPl;il
rPjdkhf toq;fpaJ. ,d;W ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; gy r%f fy;tpkhd;fisAk;>
ey;yhrpupau;fisAk; cUthf;fpAs;sdu;. ,e;j ngUik NAFSO
epWtdj;jpw;F NrUk; vd;gij njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;tJld; jw;NghJ 63
tPLfspYk; me;j kf;fs; epue;jukhf tho;e;J tUtij ,d;W ghu;f;f
KbAk;. mjw;fhd ew;rhd;wpjOk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid fUj;jpw;
nfhz;L 25tJ cyf kPdt jpdj;jpy; ,e;j fpuhkk; rhu;ghf me;j
kf;fspd; fhnzhsp (VIDEO) gjpT Mjhukhf cs;sJ vd;gijAk;
25tJ nts;sp tpohtpy; tho;j;J nra;jpiaAk; $wpf; nfhs;tjpy; ngUk;
kfpo;r;rpia ngWfpwhu;fs;.

fye;ju; ,irBd;
mk;ghiw khtl;l ,izg;ghsu;
mk;ghiw

• 191 •
• 192 •
 ;s%l=Kdu, Èia;s%la ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha .uka u`.

2004 j¾Ihg by; § ëjr iñ;sh kñka f.dvke.=k w;r 2004 j¾Ifha
iqkdñfhka miqj ëjr iyfhda.s;d ixúOdkh f,i ls%hd;aul úh' tys
wdrïNl iïnkaêldrl f,i mS'ta'wdkkao mSßia uy;d lghq;= l<y' bka
wk;=rej ms<sfj;a ixckd fukúh miqj tï'tï'rySï uy;d" j¾;udkfha
tÉ'ví'tka' rx.kS uy;añh lghq;= lrkakSh' tys wdrïNl idudðlhska f,i
mS'ta' wdkkao mSßia uy;d" tï'iS' l=udß uy;añh" tï' tï' rySï uy;d" ,,s;d
uy;añh" Èiakd uy;añh hk uy;au uy;aóka fõ' ;s%l=Kdu,h Èia;s%la k.r
yd lvj;a k.r iNd" ia:dk jk isßud mqr" úð; mqr" iqfïO .u" fk,aika
mqr" iuqød .u hk .ïudk wdrïNl .ïudk jk w;r tys Ôj;a jk ëjr
msßia mkaodyla muK idudðlhska ù we;' ;s%l=Kdu,h Èia;s%la idudðlhska
yg iqkdñfhka miq ,nd ÿka wdOdr f,i fmÜg%,a ,dïmq 500" msg; tkaðka isú
l< fndaÜgq 72" tkaðka 75" ±,a lÜg, 75 wd§ jYfhks'

2010 j¾Ifha fkdjeïn¾ ui 21 jk f,dal ëjr Èk ieureu cd;sl uÜgfï

ieuÍu wm Èia;s%lalh ;=< isÿ l< w;r iqika; mqxÑ ks,fï ëjr weu;s
f,i tys m%Odk wdrdê;hd úh' ëjr kdhlhska 15 fofkl= i`oyd iure
;s<sK tu ieureï W;aijfha§ ,nd ÿks' m%xYfhka ,o iqkdñ wdOdr uq,a
lr.ksñka iajhx /lshd i`oyd wdOdr ,nd § we;' tu iajhx /lshd,dNSka
320 lg wdikak msßilg wdOdr ,nd ÿka w;r tu iajhx /lshd y ,nd ÿka
øjH w;r iq¿ wdydr ksIamdok hgf;a lvhmamï lÜg," l=l=¿,ka" t¿jka"
ëjr /lshdj hgf;a Tre ±,a i`oyka l< yel' fuu øjH ,nd §fuka we;s
jq hym;a n,mEuka .ïudk 14 la uq,a lr.ksñka Wohï .DyuQ,sl ldka;d
ixúOdkh 2012 j¾Ifha§ wdrïN úh' ;s%l=Kdu, Èia;s%lalh ;=< we;s ish¨
m<d;a md,k wdh;kh iïnkaO .ekSu i`oyd Èia;s%lalh ;=< 2012 j¾Ih isg
Èia;s%la mqrjeis y`v idudðl 25 la o" Èia;s%la mqrjeis lñgqfõ idudðl 25 la o
osia;s%la ldka;d lñgqfõ idudðl 25 la o Èia;s%la m%cd wNs,dis lKavdhï ^bvï
.eg¨ i`oyd ls%hd;aul flfrKs&

2017 j¾Ifha§ iudc fjkila i`oyd jq ;reK cjh f,i ;reK lKavdhï
talrdYs lrk ,§' j¾;udkfha § m%dfoaYSh iNd lsysmhl jev lghq;= isÿ l<
w;r tu m%dfoaYSh iNd yd .ïudk tys idudðl ixLHdj my; i`oyka fõ'

• 193 •
uq;a;=k.¾ - 30 ú,xl=,u - 29

lmam,a;=f¾ - 20 l,sl=xÑuf,a - 35

lru,W;a;= - 150 i,a,s - 06

k.r yd lvj;a m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih

,õf,aka - 10 ùr k.¾ - 10

wdkaoïl=,u - 21 ukhdfõ,s - 10

mqïmqyd¾ - 35 uÜflda - 27

iqfïO .u - 10 ñys`ÿ mqr - 11

l=Épfõ,s m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih

l,a,rdj - 35

l=Tremsáh - 05

tarlalKaä - 05

uq;+¾ m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih

idïmQ¾ W;=r yd kef.kysr - 20

iSokafõ,s" ikaf;daImqrï - 20

fõre.,a m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih

Wmamqrd,a - 60

lskakshd m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih

Wmamdreys - 25

wdÈ jYfhka i`oyka l< yel'

• 194 •
fï jk úg ;s%l=Kdu,h Èia;s%lalh ;=<

Èia;s%la mqrjeis lñgqj - ukakka uy;d

Èia;s%la ldka;d lñgqj - iq.=K uy;añh

Èia;s%la ;reK lñgqj - ms%hxld fukúh

Èia;s%la ëjr jD;a;Sh lñgqj - *dhsia uy;d

hk mqoa.,hkaf.a u`.fmkaùu yd kdhl;ajh hgf;;a Èia;s%lalfha mßmd,kh

lsÍug yd iyh ±laùug Èia;s%la lñgqj ls%hd;aul fõ'

fï jk úg Èia;s%lalhla f,i wm ,nd .;a ch.%yK ieflúka

• iq¿mkak ëjr .eg¨ úi`oSug W;aiy ±Íu yd ;ykï mkak l%uhg

úreoaOj kvq mejÍu i`oyd wm Èia;s%lalh iyh olajd we;'

• Èidm;s;=udg yd wdKavqldrjßhg Èia;s%lalfha fmdÿ .eg¨ bÈßm;a l<

w;r fï jk úg hym;a m%;spdr ,eî we;'

• idïmQ¾ ck;dj kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu i`oyd wm m%cd wNs,di cd,h ls%hd
lr we;'

• idudðl j¾Okh yd jevigyka i`oyd iyNd.s;ajh yd iyfhda.h b;d

m%Yia; uÜgul mj;s'

m%cd wNs,dIs cd,h iïnkaO ld¾hh

• iqfïO.u mjq,a 09 i;= bvï wdrjq,a i`oyd

• ;s%l=Kdu,h Èia;s%lalfha bvï i`oyd Tmamq yd n,m;% ms<sn`oj

• l,a,rdj .ïudkfha fudah yd l,mqj iïnkaO

• tarlalKaä .ïudkfha hqo yuqodj bvï w;am;a lr .ekSu iïnkaO

• ;reK lñgqfõ idudÔlhska ck j¾. ;=fkkau iukaú; fõ'

• 195 •
Tjqka úiska (

• ma,diaála Ndú;h wju lsÍu

• Ydl wdrCId lsÍu yd lfvd,dk me< isgqùu

• Y%uodk meje;aùu

• cd;ska w;r iyfhda.s;djh j¾Okh lsÍu

• f,a oka §fï jevigyka ls%hd;aul lsÍu

• wd.ñl W;aij i`oyd odhl;ajh ,nd §u

2021 j¾Ifha isg 2022 j¾Ih olajd wm Èia;s5lalh ;=< isÿ l< jevigyka
f,i

• f,dal wdydr Èkhg iud.dój udihla mqrd jevigyka ls%hd;aul lsÍu

• îc fnod §u

• me< isgqùu

• udOH idlÉPd meje;aùu

• ldka;djka uqyqK fok wd¾Ól yd wdydr .eg¨ iïnkaO

• ta iïnkaOj ,smshla m%dfoaYSh f,alï;=ud fj; ndr §u

• rdcH ks,OdÍka iu`. jg fïi idlÉPdjla meje;aùu

• ëjr Èk ieureï meje;aùu ^2021 fkdjeïn¾ ui&

• fjr< Ldokh ms<n`oj f;dr;=re ióCIK ^uqyqÿ fjr< wdY%s; .ïudk&

• 2022 j¾Ifha ud¾;= ui f,dal ldka;d Èk ieureï cd;sl Wf<, ;s%l=Kdu,

Èia;s%lalfha meje;aúu'

• ëjr kshuqjka ±kqj;a lsÍfï jevigyk ls%hd;aul lsÍu'

• lDIs WmfoaYk meje;aùu

• 196 •
 • îc nexl=jla uq;a;=k.¾ .%dufha ia:dms; lsÍu

• iajhx /lshd Kh lmd ±óug n, lrñka Woaf>daIK meje;aùu'

• by< .sh c, yd úÿ,s ì,am;a" N=ñf;,a ñ, by< hEu" wd¾Ól .eg¨ yd

iq¿mkak ëjr .eg¨ ;ykï ±,a wdïmkakj,g úfrdaOh f,i Woaf>daIK
meje;aùu

• k.r ie,eiau ms<sn`o m%cd mdol ióCIK ^iuqød.u .ïudkh&

tlai;a cd;skaf.a wdydr yd lDIsl¾u ixúOdkh iu`. tlaj ëjr mjq,a i`oyd
,nd ÿka uqo,a wdOdr ms<sn`oj f;dr;=re fidhd ne,Su hkdÈ jYfhka i`oyka
l< yel'

tÉ' ví,sõ' ksYdld rx.kS

iïnkaëldßld - ;%sl=Kdu, Èia;%slalh

• 197 •
 kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lk;

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fkhdJ fle;j 25 Mz;Lfshf

,yq;ifapd; ePun
; fhOk;G gpuNjrj;jpy; jdJ jiyikf; fhupahyaj;ijf;
nfhz;L ,aq;fptUk; Ntisapy; ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,yq;ifapd; gy
gpuNjrq;fis ikag;gLj;jpNa ,e;j mikg;G jdJ gzpfis nrt;tNd
nra;J tUfpd;wJ.

kf;fspd; cupikrhu; nraw;ghLfSf;fhf tpN\lkhf nrayhw;wp tUk;

Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; jkJ Ntiyj; jpl;lq;fspd; Clhf
kPdtu;fs;> ngz;fs;> ,isQu;fs;> Atjpfs; vd gy;NtW kl;lq;fspy;
jkJ gzpfis Kd;ndLj;J tUtNjhL fhy fl;lq;fSf;F Vw;w
tifapy; Njitia czu;eJ ; kf;fSf;fhfNt jkJ mu;gg; dpg;ghd
Nritfis Kd;ndLj;Jr; nrd;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

mjd; mbg;gilapNyNa Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; jdJ gzp

tp];jupg;gpw;fhd gpuNjrj;jpy; xd;whf kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy; fle;j 2007
kw;Wk; 2008 fhyg;gFjpapy; fhy;gjpj;jJ. Muk;g Ntiyf;fhd gpuNjrkhf
kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l fubadhWf; fpuhk kf;fspd; Njitfs;> cupikf;fhf
gy;NtWgl;l nraw;ghLfis Muk;gpj;J mjpy; gy tplaq;fSf;fhf
kf;fs; gapw;wg;gl;L jkJ cupikfSf;fhf jhNk Nghuhl Ntz;Lk; vd;w
tpopg;Gldhd r%fkhf fubadhW fpuhk kf;fs; kpspu;ej ; d. ,uz;L tUl
fhyq;fs; fubadhw;Wf; fpuhkj;jpw;fhfNt gzp nra;J te;j kl;lf;fsg;G
khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G mikg;G Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd;
cila topfhl;lypd; fPo; ntspf;fhfz;bg; gpuNjr fpuhk kf;fSld;
,ize;J nrayhw;wj; njhlq;fpaJ. 2008k; Mz;Lf;fhyg; gFjpapy; ,e;j
ntspfhf;fz;bf; fpuhkk; xU tdk; gue;j gFjpahfTk;> Mq;fhq;F kf;fs;
jkJ FbapUg;Gf; nfhl;by;fis mikj;Jk;> Nghf;F tuj;jpw;fhd xOq;F
mikf;fg;gl;l tPjpg;ghijfs;$l ,d;wp tho;eJ ; te;j fhyg;gFjpapdpNyNa
kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G mikg;G mf;fpuhkj;ij Nehf;fp
efu;eJ; me;j fpuhk kf;fspd; mbg;gilj; Njitfis mwpe;J fpuhk
kf;fNshL Nru;eN ; j gzpahw;wj; jPuk
; hdpj;jJ.

,e;j fpuhkj;jpy; 2008k; Mz;lstpy; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk;

kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G mikg;gpd; cjtpAld; ,f;fpuhk
kf;fSf;fhd KjyhtJ Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; ghijapid milahsg;gLj;jp
gy;NtWgl;l rpukjhdg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhz;L mk;kf;fSf;fhf ghij

• 198 •
mikj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,d;Wtiu tuyhwhf mk;kf;fs; kj;jpapy;
epiyj;jpUg;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mk;rk; vdyhk;. mNj Neuk; 14 tUl
fhykhf ,k;kf;fs; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G mikg;Gld;
njhlu;eJ ; k; gazpj;Jf; nfhz;L mtu;fsJ cupikf;fhf kw;Wk;
NjitfSf;fhd ,yf;Ffis mile;j ngUikfisf; $wp kfpo;tJ
rpwg;gk;rkhFk;.

14 tUl fhy kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G mikg;gpd;

nraw;ghLfs; rpytw;iw Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhf> tPlL ; upik> fhzpAupik>
tPlL
; j;Njhl;lk; kw;Wk; gapu;rn; ra;ifg; gapw;rpfs; vdTk;> ngz;
jiyikj;Jt FLk;gk;> kPdt FLk;gk;> tho;thjhuk;> fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;>
fhy;eil> Rw;whly;> Rw;Wr;#oy;> MNuhf;fpak;> czTg; ghJfhg;G>
jiyikj;Jtk; vd gy;NtW Nfhzq;fspy; kf;fis czu;eJ ; Nrit
nra;tJld; kw;Wk; epd;W tplhky; r%fj;jpy; ,d;W gy ngz;fis jiy
epkpu;jJ
; epl;ff;$ba epiyf;Fk; nfhz;L te;Js;sJ.

fpuhk kl;lq;fspy; ngz;fs; FOf;fis cUthf;fp mtu;fSf;fpilapyhd

tiyaikg;gpid khtl;l kl;l ngz;fs; FOthf ,izj;J khfhzkl;l
ngz;fs; tiyaikg;gpidAk; ,d;Wtiu ,aq;f itj;Jf; nfhz;L
,Uf;fpd;wJ.

2011k; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; ntspf;fhfz;b fpuhk ngz;fs; FOit

cUthf;fpaJld; mNj fhyg; gFjpapNyNa Jk;ghsr;Nriy fpuhkj;ijAk;
,izj;J nraw;gl;Lf; nfhz;L gpd;du; Gy;Ykiy> fpj;Jy;> cUfhkk;>
tbr;ry;> ru;Nthja efu;> Nfhg;ghntsp vd gy fpuhkq;fspYk; mj;NjhL
2022k; Mz;bd; ,Wjpg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J ,d;Dk; rpy fpuhkq;fis
,izj;J gzpahw;wp tUfpd;wJ. mtw;Ws; kapyk;ghntsp> ghykPdk ; L>
VwhT+u;> kQ;Qj;njhLtha;> tlf;F kw;Wk; njw;F> fhj;jhd;Fb vd fpl;lj;
jl;l 13 fpuhkq;fspy; tp];jupf;fg;gl;l gzpfis Nkw;nfhz;L nrd;Wf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

25 tUl fhyg;gFjpapy; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; kl;lf;fsg;G

khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G mikg;gpw;fhf Nritnra;tjw;nfd khtl;l
,izg;ghsu; kw;Wk; khtl;l nraw;ghl;lhsu; vd ,Utiu gzpf;- --fku;jj
; p
14 tUlq;fs; tiu ,e;j cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; eydpYk; mf;fiu
nrYj;jp mtu;fSf;Fk; rpwg;ghd nraw;ghl;il Nkw;nfhs;s mt;tg;NghJ
gy;NtWgl;l gapw;rp neupfisAk; topfhl;ly;fisAk; Njrpa kl;lk;>

• 199 •
ru;tNjr kl;lk; vd cj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; jpwd; tpUj;jpw;fhf mtutu;
jpwik rhu; nraw;ghLfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L toq;fp mtu;fis
tskhdtu;fshf cUthf;fp tpLtijAk; ,e;j mikg;G kwe;J
tpltpy;iy.

fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; jkJ Ra Njitf;fhf gzpapypUe;J

tpyfpf; nfhz;lhYk; me;j ntw;wplq;fis ,d> kj> gpuNjr NtWghLfs;
,d;wp kdpjd; vd;w uPjpapy; mtu;fsJ jFjpfSf;F Vw;wthW ,izj;Jf;
nfhz;L nraw;gl itf;fpd;wdu;.

kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lk; jkpo; kw;Wk; K];ypk; kf;fs; ,ize;J thOk;

gpuNjrq;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wikahy; ,dq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd
ey;ypzf;fj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisAk; FO r%fj;ijAk;
Nru;jJ
; Vida fyhr;rhu tpOkpaq;fSf;Fk; kjpg;gspj;J jkJ cupikrhu;
nraw;ghLfis kw;wtu;fis ghjpf;fhj tifapy; xw;Wikgl itj;J
gzp Mw;Wk; ngUik Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; Kd;ndLj;Jr;
nrd;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

fpuhkpa kl;lj;jpy; vl;lg;gl Ntz;ba jPuT ; fis cupa mjpfhupfNs>

mikg;GfNs murpay; jiyikfisNah ehb jPuT ; Ntz;b epw;ff;
$ba kf;fshf ,f;fpuhk kf;fis gl;il jPlb ; a gtsq;fshf;fpf;
nfhz;L ,Ug;gJld; khtl;l kl;lj; jPuT ; > khfhz kl;lj; jPuT
; f;fhf
Kd; Nehf;fp efu;eJ ; k; jPuT
; vl;lg;glhj tplaq;fis Njrpa kl;lj;jpw;F
nfhz;L nrd;W cupikrhu; Nghuhl;lq;fspd; %yk; $l ntw;wpia vl;l
ifNfhu;fpd;wJld; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; ru;tNjr uPjpahd
gy efu;Tfis jkJ cupa gzpapy; rpwg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gJk; ,q;F
Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;yj;jf;f tplakhfpd;wJ.

,t;thNw 25 tUlfhyq;fshf Njrpa Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis nra;J nfhz;L

25tJ tUl ntw;wpg;gbia fle;J nry;Yk; ,e;j mikg;gpd; fhuz
fu;jj
; hthf Njrpa mikg;ghsu; vd;w ehkj;Jld; jpU. `u;kd; Fkhu
mtu;fs; jdJ gzpahsu;fis rpwe;j topfhl;bahf ,Ue;J el;Gf;fye;j
gzpapy; topelhj;jp nry;tJ kl;Lky;yhky; fpuhk kl;l gadhspfSf;F
,ilapYk; xU rpwe;j cwitg; NgZk; jpwik mtUf;Fk; mtuJ rf
Copau;fSf;Fk; rpwg;gk;rk; vdyhk;.

• 200 •
,t;thW tpuptile;J nrd;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G
,af;fj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs; nkd;NkYk; gy E}uhz;Lfis jhz;bAk;
ntw;wp eil Nghl Ntz;Lk; vd;W nts;sptpoh fz;Ls;s ,d;iwa
ehspy; kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G mikg;gpd; Kd;dhy;
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; kw;Wk; ,e;ehs; cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; cl;gl 14 tUl
fhykhf vk;Kld; ,ize;J gazpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; fpuhk kf;fs;
rhu;gg
; hfTk; kdk; epiw tho;jJ
; J}tp kfpo;fpd;Nwhk;.

k. vg;. ]u;kpyh
kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;l ,izg;ghsu;
kl;lf;fsg;G

• 201 •
 mk;ghiw khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd;
nraw;ghLfs; cUthf;fk;

2003k; Mz;L njhlf;fk; mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpd; Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G

mikg;G jd;Dila kf;fs; Nritapid kPdt tptrha $ypj;
njhopyhsu;fspd; cupikAk;> ePjpiaAk;> ntd;nwLf;f jdJ ePjpAld;
$ba eLepiyahd nraw;ghLfis nra;J te;jdu;. mr;nraw;ghLfis
mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; rpy fpuhkq;fs; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ. mjpy;
Aj;jj;jpdhYk;> Rdhkp NguiyapdhYk;> ghjpf;fg;gl;l kPdtu;fs;>
fhzpapoe;j kf;fspd; njhopyhsu;fspd; eyd;fis fUj;jpy; nfhz;L
epiyahd mq;fj;Jtk; nfhz;l mq;fj;jtu;fisAk;> fpuhk jiytu;fs;>
jiytpfs;> ,isQu;fs;> Atjpfs; kw;Wk; FOf;fis xt;nthU
gpuNjrj;jpYk; mikj;jdu;. Rkhu; 2003k; Mz;L 2004k;Mz;L 2005k;
Mz;L fhyq;fspy; ghzik> nghj;Jtpy;> jpUf;Nfhtpy;> mf;fiug;gw;W
ml;lhisr;Nrid ghyKid> XYtpy;> epe;jt+u;> rha;e;jkUJ> fy;Kid>
kUjKid> fy;yhW Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fs; 2000 mq;fj;jtu;fSf;F
Nkyhdtu;fs; ,ize;J nraw;gl;L te;jdu; gpd;du; 2004k; Mz;L
Vw;gl;l Rdhkp Nguiyapdhy; 2004.12.26k; jpfj;p ,yq;if gy fly;
rhu;e;j khtl;lq;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;ld. mjpy; fpof;F khfhzKk;
KOikahf ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ. mjpy; tpNrlkhf mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy;
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; kPdtu;fSf;Fk; tptrhapfSf;F FLk;g
jiyikj;Jt ngz;fSld; fhzp njhlu;ghf nraw;gl;l fhuzj;jpdhy;
my;yJ mk;khtl;lj;jpy; Rdhkp Nguiy ghjpg;gpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
kf;fSf;F NAFSO epWtdk; Kjy; fl;l nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpia
fl;bnaOg;Gk; Nehf;fpy; kPdtu;fSf;F mk;ghiw khtl;l NAFSO tpdhy;
,e;jpa kf;fspd; rpy egu;fis tutioj;J kPd;gpb glF epiyak;
xd;wpid mikj;J Rkhu; 90 glFfs; Gjpjhf toq;fg;gl;ld. gpd;du;
75 glF ,ae;jpuk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. gpd;du; tiyfs; kw;Wk; FLk;g
jiyikj;Jt ngz;fSf;F tho;thjhu cjtp> fiutiy kPdtu;fSf;F
07 fiutiyf;F 800000 gb 07 fiutiy thq;fp nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

jpl;lq;fs;> njhopw;gapw;rp epiyaq;fs; mikj;J kPdtu;fisAk;>

tptrhapfisAk;> FLk;g jiyikj;Jt ngz;fisAk;> Aj;jj;jpdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fisAk; epiyahd mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghl;bw;F nfhz;L
te;jdu;.
• 202 •
gpd;du; ,j;jhyp epWtdj;jpdhy; kPdt> tWikahd FLk;gq;fSf;F 80
glF> 70 glF ,ae;jpuk; 100 fsg;G kPdtu;fSf;F NjdP> tiyfs;
khdpakhf toq;fg;gl;ld. 63 tPL Kjy; jlitahf vkJ mikg;gpdhy;
fl;b ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;ld. vkJ mikg;Gf;F fpilj;j
ntw;wpahf ghu;ff ; Kbe;jik> gpd;du; kPdtu;fSf;fhd cupik kWg;G>
Aj;jj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fgl;l kf;fSf;fhf tPjp Nghuhl;lq;fs;> Clf re;jpg;G>
mur jpizf;fs cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;> gpuNjr rig gpuNjr nrayhsu;>
khtl;l murhq;f mjpgu;> td[Ptuhrp jpizf;fsk;> tstpshf jpizf;fsk;
Nghd;w mur jpizf;fsq;fSf;F gpur;rpidfis kf;fs; %yk;> tl;l
Nkir fye;Jiuahly;> nra;J rpy ntw;wpfisAk; mile;Js;sd. mjid
njhlu;eJ; xYtpy; JiwKfk; mgptpUj;jpapd; jhf;fj;jpid khtl;l
kPdtu;fSf;F Njrpa kl;l kPdtu;fSf;F vLj;Jf; $wp mk;kd P tu;fspd;
ghjpg;Gf;fisAk; vLj;Jiuj;J gy kPdtu;fis xd;wpide;J Nghuhl;lk;
nra;J mt; kPdtu;fSf;F e\;l <l;il ngw;Wf; nfhLj;j ngUik NAFSO
epWtdj;ijNa rhUk;.

gpd;du; mWfk;Ng gpuNjrj;jpy; ePu; nfhOk;G kPdtu;fspy; Rkhu; 23 thbfs;

jPf;F ,iuahfp mk; kPdtu;fs; eLj;njUtpy; ,Ue;j NghJ rhjp> kjk;
ghu;f;fhJ mt; 23 kPdtu;fSf;F khtl;l murhq;f mjpgupdhy; e\;l <L
ngw;Wf; nfhLj;j ngUik NAFSO epWtdj;ijNa rhUk;

mjid njhlu;e;J mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; ,isQu;Atjpfis tYg;gLj;jp

mtu;fSf;fhd gy gapw;rpfis toq;fp mtu;fs; Clhf #oiy
fl;bnaOg;Gk; Nehf;fpy; kuf;fd;Wfs;> nghJ ,lq;fs;> ghlrhiy>
Nfhtpy; > gs;spthry;> gd;riy Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; elg;gl;L mjpy;
xl;rprd; tha;it mjpfupf;f nra;Ak; xU nraw;ghl;bfhf ,isQu;
r%fnghWg;ig mtu;fsplk; xg;gilj;jy; Nghd;w fz;ly; jhtuk;
tsu;j;jy;> mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt tpilaq;fis fz;fhzpg;G nra;Ak;
nghWg;ig mtu;fsplk; xg;gilj;jdu; gpd; mt; nraw;ghl;il ,d;W
tiuAk; nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

mNj Nghy epiykhW fhy ePjp> ,uhDtj;jpdhy; mtfupf;fg;gl;l

fhzp> fhzp jpizf;fsq;fspdhy; mtfupf;fg;gl;l fhzpfSf;fhd ePjp
Ntz;Lk; tPjpNghuhl;lk;> kw;Wk; mur mjpfhupfs;> murpay; thjpfSld;
epiyahd fye;Jiwahly; xd;wpid njhlu;r;rpahf elhj;jptUfpd;wJ.

• 203 •
mNjNghy fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; ngz;fs; cupikf;fhf ngz;fs;
rj;jptha;e;j Fuyhf ngz;fs; FOf;fs; mikf;fg;gl;L mg;
ngz;fs; FO fpuhk kl;lk;> gpuNjr kl;lk;> khfhz kl;lk;> Njrpa
kl;ltiyaikg;ghf nfhz;L ,aq;fptUkstpw;F ghupa mikg;ghf
fl;bnaOg;gp jw;NghJ mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; fpof;F #upad; ngz;fs;
mikg;g gy NritfisAk; ntw;wpfisAk; mile;Js;sd (C + k; )
Fb ePu; gpur;rpidf;F xU gpuNjruPjpahf FbePu; ngw;W nfhLj;Js;sJ.
fz;zfpGuk;> ftlhg;gpl;b> mspf;fk;ig Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fSf;F FbePu;
toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. mj;Jld; gpuNjrkl;lk; fpuhk kl;l jiytpfisAk;
NgRk; jpwd;fisAk; cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

mNj Nghy mk;ghiw khtl;lj;jpy; kPdt xj;Jiog;G mikg;Gld;

,ze;J kPdtu;fSf;fhd mbg;gil trjpfs; gapwr ; pfs;> MOik
tse;J mtu;fSf;fhd gpur;rpidfis ntspf; nfhz;L tUk; Kfkhf
gy Mu;gg ; hl;lq;fis elhj;jp gpur;rpidfSf;F jPuT ; Njb Nghuhbf;
nfhz;L ,Ug;gJld; kPdtu;fSf;fhd njhopwr ; ; rq;fj;ijAk; cUthf;fp
mtu;Sf;F ,ide;J Nghuhlf; $ba rptpy; mikg;GfiisAk;
tiyaikg;G nra;Js;sJ. mj;Jld; kPdtu;fSila mbg;gil cupikfs;
kPwg;gLfpdw; NghJ me;j ,lj;jpy; kPdtu;fSf;fhf Fuy; nfhLf;fpdw ; xU
ghupa gzpia Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; mk;ghiw khtl;lk; kPdt
xj;Jiog;Gld; Fuy; nfhLf;fpdw ; J.

mj;NjhL Fwpg;ghf fpof;fpy; jpl;lkpl;L elhj;jgLfpd;w rl;l tpNuhjkhd

kpd;gpb Kiwfs; kw;Wk; Rw;WyhJiw mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghLfis
fz;bj;J mjid Ma;T nra;J mjw;fhf Nghul;lk; nra;Ak;
mikg;ghfTk; flw;nwhopy; ePupypats mikr;R> kPd;gpb gpuNjrq;fs;>
kPdt jpizf;fsj;Jld; fye;Jiuahly; nra;Ak; mikg;ghfTk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

mJkl;Lky;yhJ Aj;jjpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F gy epthuzk;>

cjtpfs;> tho;thjhu Ra njhopy; cjtpfs; nra;jJld; ve;j ,lq;fspy;
kf;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;whu;fNsh ( ,duPjpahfNth> khjuPjpahfNth>
nkhopuPjpahfNth> xLf;fg;gLfpd;w kf;fSf;fhf njhlu;e;Jk; Fuy;
nfhLj;J tUfpd;w gf;fr;rhu;gw;w xU kf;fs; mikg;ghf fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

• 204 •
mNjhL Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fk; jd;Dila 25tJ
Mz;il epiwT nra;Ak; ,t; mikg;G njhlu;r;rpahf kf;fSf;F
Fuy; nfhLf;fNtz;Lk; vd;gjpy; ,jpy; flikGupAk; midj;J
Copau;fSf;Fk;> Njrpa mikg;ghsUf;Fk; vq;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l
fpof;F #upad; ngz;fs; mikg;G kw;Wk; khtl;l kPdt xj;Jiog;G
kw;Wk; tsu;gpiw ,isQu; mikg;G kw;Wk; Njrpa kPdt njhopw;r;
rq;fk; rhu;gpy; ey;tho;j;Jfis njuptpg;gJld; jq;fspd; gzp njhlu
,iwtd; Jid Gupa Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.

ed;wp

fye;ju; ,irBd;
mk;ghiw khtl;l ,izg;ghsu;
mk;ghiw

• 205 •
 ifydaord;aul ine`Èhdfjka tlaj wd .uka u`. ;=<ska ch.%dys
25 fjks jir iuruq - fudkrd., Èia;s%lalh

W!j fj,a,iai ldka;d ixúOdkh" iajdëk ixúOdkhla f,i mshjr

;eîu wdrïN jQfha 2002 j¾Ifha §h' fudkrd., Èia;s%lalfha je,a,jdh yd
nq;a;, m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdifha .ïudk oyhl idudðl;ajh 150 la
muK úh'

ldka;d ysxikh" ia;S% mqreI iudcNdjh" mdßißl f.dú;ek yd ne`ÿKq

mdrïmßl îc" udkj whs;Ska" bvï whs;Ska" Ôj;aùfï whs;sh yd wdydr
iqrCIs;;djh ms<sn`oj cd;sl uÜgfï úúO ixúOdk iu`. tlaj iyfhda.
fhka jev lrf.k hEfïoS 2009 jif¾§ cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh
yd m%cd wNs,dI cd,h iu`. tlaj fudkrd., Èia;s%lalfha bvï .eg¨ ms<sn`o
ióCIKhla isÿ lrk ,§'

tysÈ me,aj;a; iSks iud.u úiska Wla j.dj i`oyd f.dú ìï w;am;a lr
.ekSu ksid bvï whs;sh wysñ ùu" w,s ñksia iyÔjkh ì`o jeàu ksid
uqyqK fok .eg¨ ms<sn`o f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lr .ekSug yels úh' 2010
jif¾§ isÿ l< uyck úksYaph iNdjg tu .eg¨ bÈßm;a lsÍu;a úi`ÿï
i`oyd ls%hd;aul úh hq;af;a flfia o hkak wjfndaOùug wjia:dj Wod úh'
2012 jif¾§ îc mk;g tfrys f.dú Èkh ieuÍug odhl úh' 2017 jif¾§
me,aj;a; ckdjdij, bvï whs;sh ,nd .ekSu i`oyd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh tlaj f.dvke.=kq ls%hdldß;ajh ch.%yKh lrñka 2019 j¾Ifha§
ckdjdi 10 bvï n,m;% 86 la yd ckdjdi 14 bvï n,m;% 66 la yd ckdjdi
03 bvï n,m;% 152 la ,nd .ekSug yels úh'

2020 jif¾§ mßirh yd hym;a iudc fjkila i`oyd ;reK jHdmdrfha tlaj
mßirhg ikafõoS jq ;reK lKavdhula f.dvkef.ñka li< l<ukdlrKh"
ma,diaála fmd,s;ska Ndú;hg tfrys fjñka mßir ixrCIh i`oyd me<
frdamKh lrñka mßirh moaO;s wdrCId lsÍu i`oyd ;reK lKavdhï Wkkaÿ
úh' ;jo lKavdhï ;=< kdhl;ajh f.dvk.ñka m%foaYfha idudÔh wd¾Ól
yd foaYmd,k .eg¨ y`ÿkd.ksñka m%dfoaYSh md,k wêldßh yd iïnkaO;d
f.dvke.Su;a" f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug;a ;reK lKavdhu ,enQ ch.%yKhla
f,i fuys i`oyka l< yel'

• 206 •
li< l<ukdlrKh ;=<ska ,nd .kakd ldnksl fmfydr Ndú; lrñka ;u
ksjfia iy ixúOdkfha f.j;af;a o iduQyslj ixj¾Okh lsÍug ;reK
lKavdhï odhl jQy' wdydr iqrCIs;;djh i`oyd ñßÈh ëjr flaI;%h olajd
odhl;ajh w.hñka y`omdkd., iy w¿.,af.a ëjrhskaf.a fhdackd we;=<;a
ñßÈh ëjr flgqïm; ieliSu olajd odhl;ajh tl;= lrñka cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh 25 jir ch.%yKh lsÍug fudkrd., W!j fj,a,iai
ldka;d ixúOdkh ±lajq odhl;ajh wms fufia iksgqyka lruq'

wd¾' Ê' fma%u,;d

W!j fj,a,iai ldka;d ixúOdkh
fudkrd., Èia;s%lalh

• 207 •
 m%cd iyfhda.s;d ixiofha f;dr;=re ì`ola

we;=.,amqr Èia;s%lalfha fyakj" ul=,afmd; .%dufha ia:dms; m%cd iyfhda.s;d

ikaioh isú,a iudch wOHdmksl" wd¾Ól" idudÔh" ixialD;sl yd mdßißl
jYfhka Yla;su;a fldg Tjqka iduQysl iyÔjkfhka hq;a m%cdjla njg m;a
lsÍu yd wOHdmksl" wd¾Ól" idudÔh" mdßißl yd ixialD;sl Wreu iq/
lSu tys mrud¾: jYfhka i`oyka l< yel' fuu mrud¾: lrd <`.d ùug
wruqKq f,i isú,a idudch Yla;su;a lsÍu Wfoid mqoa., iïnkaO;d yd
ixúOdkd;aul noaO;d f.dvk.ñka ck;d ysff;Is" wOHdmksl" wd¾Ól"
iudÔh" ixialD;sl yd mdßißl jevigyka Èh;a lsÍu;a isú,a iudch
Yla;su;a lsÍug we;s mqoa., yd ixúOdkd;aul ndOl bj;a lSÍu f,i
i`oyka l< yel'

wd.u" cd;sh" l=,h fyda ia;S% mqreI fNaohlska f;drj iïm;a iudkj
fnfok hqla;s .rel yd udkj ysñlï .re lrk fi!NdH.u;a iudchla
Wod lr .ekSu o¾Yl lr .;a cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdr cd,fha
l=reKE., Èia;s%la yjq,aldr ixúOdkh jq m%cd iyfhda.s;d ikaiofha 1995
j¾Ifha iekis,s moku kñka m%úIag jq w;r th m%cd Yla;s ixúOdkh
kñka wdrïN úh' wd¾Ólfha iïnkaêldrl jYfhka wð;a rEmisxy uy;d
lghq;= isÿ l< w;r tjlg iÔjl jQfha iqo;a úl%uisxy uy;dhs' thg
2005 j¾Ifha§ iðj iïm;a chj¾Ok uy;d iÔjl ufyaIa lghq;= lsßug
tl;= úh' 2010 j¾Ifha kj iÔjl Wmq,a l=udr uy;d tl;= jq w;r" iqo;a
úl%uisxy uy;d tysÈ bj;a úh' iïnkaêldrl wð;a rEmisxy uy;d
yd ixÔj iïm;a chj¾Ok" Wmq,a l=udr hk iÔjlhska tl;= ù m%cd
iyfhda.s;d ikaioh kj udkhlg /f.k wd w;r tysÈ f.dú" ëjr"
lïlre" ldka;d" <ud" ;reK" mdßir hk wxY Tiafia úúO kj jevigyka
Èh;a lrk ,§'

by; i`oyka l< lreKq ms<sn`oj i,ld n,k úg wm úiska isÿ l<
jevigyka ;=<ska iudchg isÿjq ys;lr n,mEu ms<sn`oj i;=gq úh yels
w;r wm ixúOdkfha isák msßi fj; wmf.ka isÿ jq fiajd Tjqkaf.a
wm ixúOdkh i`oyd;a iudch rgg yd ck;djg isÿ jq fiajd o wm
fï wjia:dfõ w.h lrñka yomsß is;ska i;=gq jkafkuq' tfukau" ck;d
jHdmdrhla f,i id¾:l bÈßhg hdu i`oyd wmg úYd, Yla;shla jq cd;sl
kdhl;ajhg;a mßmd,k f,alï;=udg;a cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha

• 208 •
ld¾hxYfha ish¨u uy;a uy;aókag;a wm ixúOdkfha f.!rjkSh ia;+;sh
mqo lr isák w;r ish¨u Èia;s%la iïnkaêldrl ifydaor ifydaoßg;ago
ish¨u iÔjl iÔúldjkag o" f.dú" ëjr" lïlre ish¨ ifydaor
ifydaoßhkag o wm ixúOdkfha f.!rjkSh m%Kduh ifydaor is;ska mqolr
isákafkuq'

ish¨ wNsfhda. tlaj ch.ksuq æ f.dú" ëjr yd lïlre ck;dj Èfkajd æ

wð;a rEmisxy
iafjÉPd iïnkaëldrl
ixÔj iïm;a
iÔjl - l=reKE., Èia;%sla ixúOdkh

• 209 •
 ñßÈh ixúOdkh - fmdf<dkakrej
j¾I 2002 oS .re ud,sska meúos fidhqßh mrdl%u iuqøh iq/lSfï jHdmdrh
kñka ixúOdkhla fmdf<dkakrefú ìys lrk ,os. tla fiajlfhl=f.ka yd
iq¿ idudcsl msßilf.ka wdrïN jQ fuh 2003 jif¾oS muK ó.uqj cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha yjq,aldr ixúOdkhla f,i ,shdmosxÑ lrk
,os. bkamiq cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;dj iu. tla fjñka úúO jev lghq;=
isÿ lrñka wd .ufkaoS 2007 j¾IfhaoS ví.fÊ.iS. ufkdaÊ is,ajd uy;d fuu
ixúOdkfha fiajlfhl= f,i jev lghq;= wdrïN flreKs .bkamiq mrdl%u
iuqøh iq/lSfï jHdmdrh kñka ;snQ ku fjkia fldg ñßosh ëjr ixúOdkh
kñka wm wdh;kh kï l< w;r jeõ wdYs%; ëjr .ïudk f;dard f.k .re
ud,ska meúos fidhqßhf.a yd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha wkq oekqu
we;s j <ud iudc ;reK iñ;s yd jeäysá lKavdhï f.dvk.k ,os.

bkamiq ïßosh ixúOdkh kï jQ wdh;kfha oelau jk keKj;a .=Kj;a

nqoaêu;a iudchla lrd hk f;audj mokï fldg ,ud ;reK yd jeäysáhka
tl;= lr.ksñka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iu`. noaO ù úúO jev
lghq;= isÿ lrk ,os. kdhl;aj .=Kdx. j¾Ok jevgyka" whs;Ska oskd .ekSfï
n,mEï ls%hdj,shka" ldka;djka iún, .ekaùfï ls%hdj,shka iy Woõ Wmldr
,nd oS lKavdhï Yla;su;a lsÍu wdosh bka lsysmhls.

fufia jev lghq;= isÿ lrf.k hñka isáhoS .re ud,ska meúos fidhqßhf.a
yd ufkdaÊ is,ajd uy;df.a talu;sl ;SrKh ;=<ska ñßosh ëjr ixúOdkh
kï jQ fuu wdh;kh 2008 oS muK ñßosh ixúOdkh kñka kï fjkia fldg
idudcsl;aj j¾Okh ;=<ska jevlghq;= isÿ lrk ,os. 2012 j¾Ih jk úg
.re ud,Ska meúos fidhqßhf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka yd wkqYdil;aajfhka f.dv ke.+
ñßosh ixúOdkfha j.lSu ñßosh ixúOdk iïnkaëldrl ví.fÊ.iS. ufkdaÊ
is,ajd uy;dg ,nd fok ,os. fufia jev lghq;= isÿ lrñka isáhoS .re ud,Ska
meúos fidhqßhf.a úY%du hdu fya;=fjka ñßosh ixúOdkh bosßhg f.khdu
i`oyd thg ;j;a fiaúldjlf.a fiajh wjYHj ;snqKs. tu ksid 2013 j¾IfhaoS
ñßosh ixúOdk iðúldjla f,iska ví.ta. luKs os,arelaIs hk wh fiajhg
n`ojd .kakd ,os .

bkamiq luKs uy;añhj mqreÿ mqyqKq jev lghq;= isÿ lrñka ish¨ jev
lghq;= isÿ l< w;r 2015 j¾Ifhaos .re ud,Ska meúos fidhqßh iaÒr jYfhkau
úY%du hk ,os .
• 210 •
kuq;a t;=ñhf.a wkque;sh yd wkqYdikd mßos ufkdaÊ uy;d yd luks uy;añh
jev lghq;= isÿ l< w;r j¾;udkfhaoS;a t;=ñhf.a wdYs¾jdoh wmg ,efnkq
we;. t;=ñh l< fiajh w.h lsÍu i`oyd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djfhka
t;=ñhg Wmydr o isÿ lrk ,os .

bkamiq tod isg wo olajd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djfha Woõ Wmldr we;sj wm
osia;%slalfha úYd, oshqKqjla isÿ ù we;. fï jk úg .ïudk 08 l wmf.a <ud
iudc 08 lao, ;reK iñ;s 08 lao, jeäysá lKavdhï 20 lao jYfhka idudcsl
ù we;. l,y.,, iaj¾Kmd,s.u, f.dú.u, ëjr.u, f;damdjej, ùrfmfoi,
ne`osjej, lsßueáouk hk .ïudkj, iDcq jYfhka jeäysá idudðl
400 la o, ;reK idudðl 180 la o, <ud idudðl 300 la o jYfhka wmf.a
idudðl;ajh ,nd we;. jl% idudcsl;a iu. uq¿ idudðl;ajh 1000 blaujd
we; fï jevlghq;= i`oyd j¾:udkh jk úg cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s djh
úYd, jYfhka wmg iyfhda.h ,nd oS ;sfí. f.j;= j.d jevigyk" kdhl;aj
.=Kdx." li< l,uKdlrK" mdßißl lsh % dldrlï" wdOdr jeviigyka"
n,mEï lsh % dj,s iy úúO mqyK s hls.
q q jevigyk wdosh bka lsym

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;djh iuÕ tla ù lrk fujka jevlghq;= u`.ska wm

ixúOdkh fï jk úg úYd, oshqKqjlg m;a ù we;. fufia ksjeros oelaula
iys;j wjq 25 la fujeks w.kd fiajhla isÿ lrñka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djh
wd .ukg wm wdh;kh úiska iqNdYsxik tla lrk w;r fufia wm jeks
osia;s%lal rdYshl ñsksiqkaf.a ÿl y÷kdf.k tajdg ms,shï fhoSug orkd
jEhu wm%udKh. cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg fndfyda ld,hla fujeks
lghq;= isÿlr .ekSug Yla;shla ,efíjd ! hehs wm wdh;khla f,iska iqn
m;k w;r fï olajd wm yg oelajQ iyfhda.hg ia;+;sjka; jkafkuq.

ufkdaÊ is,ajd
iïnkaëldrl
ñßÈh ixúOdkh - fmdf<dkakrej

• 211 •
• 212 •
 NAFSO Secretarite Staff

Mr. Herman Kumara

National Convener

Mr. Pradeep Wanigasuriya Mr.A.L .Shanthikumar

Administrative Secretary Accountant

Mr. Pradeep Laksiri Fernando Mrs K. H. L. H. Perera

Coordinator Yourth and Environment Gender and Development Officer
• 213 •
 Mr. Anthoney Jesudasan Mr. A.L.A.G.C. Ambegoda
Coordinator, People to People Dialoge Program Coordinater
on Peace and Sustainable Peace and Reconciliation
Development

Mr. Priyankara Costa Mr.D.M. P Dinesh Dasanayaka

Coordinater, Praja Abhilasha Net work Assistant Accountant

Mr.E.G. Rosairo Mr. Francis Rajan

Advocacy and Policy studies Monitoring and Evalution officer

• 214 •
 Mrs.W. Sanduni Madusanka Mr. Nimal Perera
Secretary, Regional Advisory Group
Assistat Accountant (Asia & Pacific)

Mrs.Danushika Vinodani Mrs.D. Philomina

Assistant Administrative Officer
cum Programma Assistant Project Process Documenter

Mr. Nuwan Pradeep Dilshan Mrs.A. Mary

Web Administrator cum Program
Office Assistant
Assisstant

• 215 •
 Mr. L. Y. Wasantha Miss. S.Damayanthi
Coordinator of Matara Coordinator of Kaluthara

Mr.Dulip Rangawa Miss. Deepa Subashini

Coordinator of Galle Coordinator of Sri Vimukthi
Fisher Women Organization

Mr. W. I. Loyel Peris Mr. Ajith Rupasingh

Coordinator of Puttlam Coordinator of Kurunagala

• 216 •
 Mr. Benadict Croos
W.H.Nishaka Rangini Coordinator of Mannar
Coordinator of Trincomale

Mr.J.W.C.Manoj Silva Mr.Nakamuththu Inpanayakam

Coordinator of Polonnaruwa
Coordinator of Jaffna

Mr.Kalanther Issadeen Mrs. H.M.Fathima Shermila

Coordinator of Ampara Coordinator of Baticola

• 217 •
Mr. Arumukam Satheesvaran Mr.S.Pirathas
Coordinator of Kilinochchi Coordinator of Mulativu

• 218 •
 District Animetors

Miss.Thadsajini Thavachselvam, Mr s. Aralnesion Jeyarani,

Jaffna Kilinochchi

Miss. T. Jeyachiththra, jaffna Mrs. Prasanna Sujatha, Mullathive

Mrs.Magenthiran Amalajeevini,
Mr.Sanjeewa Sampath, Kurunagala
Kilinochchi
• 219 •
 Mr. Maduka Sampath, Matara A.L. Ananda Premalal, Matara

Mr.W.G. Gamage, Matara Mrs.J. Mary Priyantha, Mannar

Mr.Sahan IsanKa Gonalagoda, Matara Mr.M.M.M. Raheem, Trincomali

• 220 •
 Mr.K. Kokulan, Ampara Mrs.Nadeeka Jayamali, Galle

Mrs.Ramanathan Nirosa, Batticoloa Mr.Vincent Fernando, Negombo

Mr.N. Channa De Silva, Galle Miss. R.G. Pemalatha, Monaragala

• 221 •
Mrs. W.A. Kamani Dilrukshi, Mr. Johnpulle Padmanadan, Puttlam
Polonnaruwa

• 222 •
 foaYSh ifydaor ixúOdkj, iqNdYsxik
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg úismia
jirla msÍu ksñ;af;ka iqn me;=ï mKsúvhla
tùug ,eîu iïnkaOfhka tys Èßh ñ;=frl=
jYfhka uu i;=gg m;a jkafkñ'

ëjr iyfhda.s; jHdmdrhg w;S;h iïnkaOfhka

i;=gq ùug fndfyda lreKq mj;sk nj wms oksuq'
ëjr ckhdf.a Wkak;sh i`oyd l< fiajd muKla
fkdj" fkdfhla jHhik fya;=fldgf.k ckhd
úm;g m;a jk wjia:dj, jHdhdu m%YxikShhs'

wo rg jeà we;s ;;a;ajh ;=< l< hq;= ld¾hh uqyqK §ug Yla;sh ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg mj;sk nj uu úYajdi lrñ'

ta i`oyd wmf.a lemùu fo.=K f;.=K úh hq;= w;r wjOdku o fo.=K

f;.=K jk nj wksjd¾hhs'

wkd.; ls%hdldrlï ;=< wr.,h úiska b,a,d isá lemùu" wjxllu"

wjHdcNdjh" woDYHfhka f;dr ùu iy iudkd;au;djh t<solajk iudc
l%uhlg u`. mE§u jeks .=Kdx. wm ;=< r`ojd .ekSu wksjd¾hfhka wmg
bÈß udj;la fy<s fmfy<s lr .; yels jkafka tu`.ska muKs'

bÈßhgu chæ

isßu,a mSßia uy;d

ck;d fi!LH ikaioh
Ndrldr uKav,fha idudðl

• 223 •
 Y%S ,xldj jeks ;=kajk f,dalfha rdcHhla ;=< udkj
ysñlï wdrlaId lsÍfï ld¾hh i`oyd bÈßm;a ùu
b;du;a fjfyilr wiSre ld¾hla nj udf.a
w;aoelSu fuka u úYajdihhs' ck;djf.a miq.dñ
iudc foaYmd,k wdl,am fuka u udkj ysñlïj,g
úreoaOj lghq;= lrkq ,nk foaYmd,ksl yd
fj,`om, n,fõ.j, ueÈy;a ùu fuka u udkj
ysñlï wdrlaId lsÍug f.dvk.d we;s hdka;%Kj,
miq.dó;ajh fuhg n,mdkq ,nhs' fujeks iudchl
whs;sjdislï wdrlaIdj i`oyd bÈßm;a jk udkj ysñlï wdrlaIlhka
wmyiq;djhg ,la ùu fkdje,elaúh yels ld¾hhls'

j¾;udk Y%S ,xldj miq.sh oYl .kKdjl iudc" foaYmd,k w¾nqohl

m%;sM,hla f,ig oejeka; wd¾Ól w¾nqohl meg,S isà' w;HdjYHh øjHj,
ñ, iS>%fhka by< hdu w;HdjYHh øjH fj,`omf,a ys`.ùu ksula fkdfmfkk
fmda,sï hq.hla ks¾udKh lr we;' fuh iudcfha ish¨ ;rd;srïj,g úúO
f,i n,mdñka we;s w;r ëjr ck;dj o b;du;a nrm;, wiSre;dj,g
uqyqKmdñka isák nj meyeÈ,s lreKls' ;u Ôjk jD;a;sh isÿlr .ekSug
wjYHh bkaOk imhd .eksu i`oyd igkla lsÍug ëjrhdg isÿ ù we;s w;r
ëjr ksIamdok fj,`om, iq,N fkdùu ksid rg ;=< wdydr w¾nqohla u;=j
mj;S' wfkla w;g ëjrhd ;u Ôjk jD;a;sfhka ú;eka ùu ksid Tjqkaf.a
mjq,a o wd¾Ól w¾nqohlg f.dÿrej we;' uyd mßudK ëjr jHdmdßlhka
iy úfoaYSh ëjr iud.ï wmf.a ëjr iïm; ;ykï wdïmkak Ndú;dfjka
Wÿrdf.k hñka we;' fuu ish¨ ldrKdj,ska iq¿mkak ëjrhd wmyiq;djhg
,la ù we;' foaYmd,k ksoyiska miqj .;jQ 74 jirl md,kh ;=< isÿjQ
wufkda{ foaYmd,k ;Skaÿ u`.ska we;sjQ foaYmd,k úhjq,a" rdcHh foam,
wjNdú;d" jxpdj" ¥IKh" {d;s ix.%yh" kS;sfha wdêm;Hh ì`ojeàu wm
iudch fj,df.k we;' wo mj;sk iudc" wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k w¾nqohg
mdol ù we;af;a fuu ;;a;ajhhs' fuu ;;a;ajh fjkia lsÍu i`oyd
uE;ld,Skj werUqKq ck;d wr.,h kej;;a wmf.a wfmalaId o,ajd we;'
ixúOdkd;aul ck;dj úiska fuu crdÔ¾k jQ foaYmd,k l%uh fjkia lsÍu
i`oyd iy whs;sjdislï Èkd .ekSu i`oyd wrUk ,o wr.,h ;=,ska m%cd;ka;%
úfrdaë md,khla m,jd yeßh yels nj uE;ld,Sk foaYmd,k w;aoelSï ;=,ska
fmkakqï lr we;'

• 224 •
idudkHh uyck;dj f,i wm uqyqK md we;s fÄojdplh ch .ekSug
.e,jqïlrefjl= meñfKahehs is;hs kï th miq.sh 74 jirl uq,dfõ ;j;a
È.=jla muKs' wm ish¨ fokd tlajQ l< rdcHh f.dvkef.k w;r rdcHh
hkq wm h' wmf.a Ôú; hym;a ;;a;ajhg m;a lsÍug lem fkdjk wmf.a
whs;sjdislïj,g .re fkdlrk md,lhka iy ks,OdÍka isá kï Tjqka m,jd
yer m%cd;dka;%jdohg .re lrk md,lhka ks,OdÍka msßilf.ka hqla;
md,khla m%cd;ka;%jdoh ;=<ska f.dvk.d.ekSu wmf.a j.lSuhs' fuh isÿ
l< yelafla wm ish¨ fokd b;du;a ;SrKd;aul f,ig ixúOdkh ùfuka
nj uf.a ye`.Suhs'

kS;S{ iïm;a mqIaml=udr uy;d

Ndrldr uKav,fha idudðl

jir úismyl ld,hla mqrdjg iudch n,.kajk

wdh;khla fkdlvjd ck;dj iu`. noaOj lghq;=
lsÍu foaYmd,k iy iudc ls%hdOrfhl= f,i
ienúkau i;=gg m;a úh yels lreKls'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg th l< yels

jQfha wdrïN l< wjia:dfõ mgka u Tjqka ck;djf.a
yqiau y`ÿkdf.k isá ksid neúks' yqÿ iykdOdr
fnÈfuka fndfyda ÿr .sh udkj wNsudkh by<
;,hlg Tijd ;nk úúO ls%hdldrlï ck;djf.a
fhdackdj,g ijka foñka ls%hd;aul lsÍu ksid cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrhg YS% ,xldfõ iEu Èia;s%lalhla ;=<u jvd;a Yla;su;a f,i uxY.;
ùug yels ù ;sfí'

tfiau" fuu wdh;kfha jevigyka fufyh jk lKavdhu ;=< úoHudk jq

±ä úkh iy jD;a;SuhNdjh iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh úúO ck fldgia iu`.
noaO lrùug iu;a jq nj uu úYAjdi lrñ'

ëjr ck;djg uQ,sl;ajh foñka ls%hd;aul jqjo f.dú m%cdj iy úfYAIfhka

;reK iy ldka;d lKavdhï iu`. lghq;= lsÍug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh wu;l lf<a ke;'

• 225 •
tfiau" cd;sl iy cd;Hka;r jYfhka úúO flaI;% ms<n s `oj ióCIK iy
m¾fhaIKj, ksr; jk úúO mqo. a ,hskga iy lKavdhïj,g myiqlï
ie,iSfuka iy ìï uÜgfï mj;sk w¾nqo iy .eg¨ldÍ ;;a;j a hka cd;sl
oDIaáfldaKhlska ixjdoh lsÍu ;=<k s a iy th cd;Hka;rh iu`. .kqfokq
lsÍula olajd /f.k hdu ksid cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrh fï jk úg
cd;Hka;r ms<.s ekSug iy ms<.
s ekSug ,la ù we;s nj i`oyka lrkafka i;=áks'
jir ye;a;E y;rlg wdikak jq idïm%odhsl foaYmd,k l%ufõoh iDcqju
wNsfhda.hg ,la lrk cd;sl iy foaYmd,k .uka udj; ksh; jYfhka
yerjqï ,CIhla olajd le`ojdf.k hk nj uf.a úYajdihhs' cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg iqn me;=ï !
wreK Ydka; fkdaksia ^wYdfkda&
m%Odk iïnkaêldrl Born to Win Relationship
le`ojqïlre cfkdaodkh iudc cd,h

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha 25 jk ixj;airhg iqn me;=ï

ëjr ck;dj we;=¿ rfÜ iuia; mqrjeishkaf.a

iduh yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh fjkqfjka wLKav wr.,fha
fhfok Tn ixúOdkhg vdì`ÿ iduQyslfha iqNdYsxik
mqo lruq' flaI;% uÜgfï .eg¨j,ska Tíng f.dia
cd;sl uÜgñka yd cd;Hka;r uÜgñka o Tfí y`v
m;=rejñka Bg ,nd fok cjh" Yla;sh wm jeks
we.¿ï flaIa;%fha lïlrejkag o th úYd,
Yla;shls' cd;Hka;r iïuq;s n,d;aul lr .ekSug
wjeis miqìu ilid .ekSug iduQysl fjñka Bg
fmruqKf.k lghq;= lsÍu o wjeis fudfydf;a thg
m%uqL;d foñka lghq;= lsÍu m%YxikSh fõ' ;jÿrg;a wLKav wr.,fha
fhfoñka ñksidf.a uQ,sl whs;Ska ;yjqre lsÍug wjeis Yla;sh yd ffO¾hh
m%d¾:kd lruq'
ia;+;shs
pñ,d ;=Idß uy;añh
úOdhl wOCIl
vdì`ÿ iduQyslh

• 226 •
 wdhqfnda fõjd æ
YS% ,xldfõ fjfik ck;djf.a fmdaIK
wjYH;djh iemhS f uys ,d Wr fok jD;a ; s l hs k a
w;ßka iqúfYA I kS h l= g q ïNhla jk" —iq ¿ mka k
ëjr m%cdj˜ fjkq f jka jir 25 la mq r djg
jD;a ; S h j¾Ofhys , d" wNs f hda . meroùfuys
,d" .egq ï ks r dlrKfhys ,d iy ika y s ` Èhdj
f.dvke.Sfïys ,d fjfyi uyka is f hka È.= l<
oE;a" wo m%; s M , ord is à u m% Y xikS h' Tjq k a
fjkqfjka" Tjq k a iu`. is g .ekS u fjfyilrh'
fjfyi o uykai sh o uy;a h' tfy;a" tys m% ; s M ,h w;s uy;a h' ta " jir
25 la ;=< § wdh;kfha fuka u flaI;%h ;= < ;a is á iy j;a u fka is á k iEu
mqoa.,fhl= u fkduiqrej ±lajq fmfkk iy fkdfmfkk lemùu ks idu
h' fufia iqn m;kak g miqì u ieliq f Ka o Tn iefjdu fjfyi .ek
fkdfjfyiS tld fuka jev l< ksi d h' yeÍ n,d i;= g q úh yels " úúO
oCI;dj,ska msß ;reK mqrjeis l=gqï Nhla o rg mq r d u Tng ys ñj ;s îu
u u oE b;sx" ohdnr cd;sl ëjr iyfhda . s ; dfjks " Tng ;j;a fndfyda
wdhqfndafõjdæ

fuf,ks udfk,a fmf¾rd

wdishdkq mqj;a fiajfhys YS% ,xld jd¾;dldßKs

• 227 •
 iqnidOkh wNsnjd úuqla;sh wrUhd
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha 25 jirl .ukg iqN me;=ï

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ud y`ÿkd.kafka

§¾> l,la mqrd ëjrhska yd iïnkaO lghq;= l<
fla'tï'áhqßka fmf¾rd jk uf.a mshdf.ks' Tyq ta
ku ksrka;rfhka i`oyka l<d' uf.a mshdg udj
ëjrhska ixúOdkh lsÍfï lghq;=j,g fhduq
lr.kak f,dl= jqjudkjla ;snqKd' tfy;a ta jk
úg rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk ms<sn`o wdid;aól;djfhka
fm¿Kq ug tal reÑ jevla jqfKa keye' tfy;a tu
wdid;añl;djh iqjm;a lsÍug odhl jqfKa ir;a
msh;=ud we;=¿ ckjfndaOh;a" y¾uka fidhqrd we;=¿ cd;sl êjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh nj lsj hq;=uhs' ukaoh;a" fuu ixúOdk osú;ajh yqÿ iqn idOkh u
fkdj" ckhd mj;sk h:d¾:hg wjÈ lrñka igka lr ;u whs;sjdislï Èkd
.ekSug fmd<Tjk ksid h' fuh yqÿ iqnidOkh m%fõYh w;sl%uKh lsÍula'
ug o fm!oa.,slj ckdjfndaO flakaøh fjkqfjka Tyq yd cd;sl êjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iu`. iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lrkak isÿjqKd' we;af;ka
u fndfyda ;ekaj, jvd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ug ksoyia ;ekla
jqKd' ck;djf.a iqnisoaêh fjkqfjka wm ixúOdkh l< lsisÿ /iaùulg fyda
tl;=ùulg tys fldkafoais fyda ;yxÑ ;snqfKa keye' th wmj mQ¾Kj úYajdi
l<d' ta i`oyd fkdu`o f.!rjh yd wdorh cd;sl êjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha
y¾uka fidhqrd we;=¿ lKavdhug'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ;u rdc; chka;sh iurk fï fudfydf;a

;j;a wurKSh isÿùula uf.a u;lhg kef.kjd' tkï" mdial= Èk osjhsfka
;eka .Kkdjlg fuka u" ó.uqfõ lgqjdmsáhg t,a, jq ;%ia; m%ydrhhs' th
ijk jelSu;a iu`. u fï fjkqfjka ueÈy;aùula l< hq;=h hk is;=ú,a,;a
iu`. u ug isysm;a jQfha y¾uka fidhqrdjhs' bka blaì;sj ÿrl:kfhka
wm fndfyda úg iïnkaO jqKd' yuq ù l;d l<d' ó.uqj mqrjeis tluq;=j
werfTkafka o tys ls%hdldß;ajh f.dvkef.kafka tys m%;sM,hla yeáhg' ud
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg uf.a f.!rjdor m%Kduh mqo lrkafka ñka
u;= flfrk m%Odk ldrKdj ksid h' tkï" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh
yqÿ iqnidOkh fkdj" ck;djf.a úuqla;sh fjkqfjka ls%hdud¾. f;dark yd
ueÈy;a jk ixúOdkhla ksid h'
• 228 •
ta ksid u Ôú; ;¾ckhg ,la jq wjia:d o cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;dys kshuqjd
f,i y¾uka fidhqrdg ;snqKs' fï ish,a, ud úiska i`oyka l< iqn idOkh
w;s l%uKh l< úuqla;s ls%hdj,shg odhl ùfï m%;sM,h f,i olsu' tlS
o¾Ykfõoh ;=< cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh Ñrd;a l,la jecfòjdhs
b; is;ska m;ñ'

fla'wð;a yeâ,s fmf¾rd'

f,alï - ó.uqj l,mqj iq/lSfï ixúOdkh"
ckdjfndaO flakaøh

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha 25 ieureu i`oyd

Y%uNsudks flakaøfha WKqiqï iqn me;=ï

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ifydaor$ifydaorhsks"

YS% ,xld ck iudcfha b;du;a wdka;l s fldgila

f,i iudc widOdrKlï yd wd¾Ól f,i mSvdjg
,la jq iq¿mkak ëjr m%cdj Tnf.a b,lal lKavdhu
f,i f;dard .ekSu m%YxikSh fõ'

fudjqkfa .a iudc" wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,ksl wh;Ska

iqrCId lrñka" Tjqkg iajlSh jD;a;h
S f.!rjh ,nd
§u fjkqfjka Tn .kakd ,o" j.lSï iïNdrh yd
bgq lrkq ,enQ fufyjr wms w.h lr isáuq' rg mqrd
ish¨ Èia;l %s l
a wdjrKh lrñka uy uqyo
q " l,mq yd
wNHka;r c,dY wdYs;
% ëjr m%cdj fj; Tn isÿ lrk fiajh w;s uy;a h'

tmuKlska fkdkej;s YS% ,dxflah fmdÿ iudcfha wd¾Ól" foaYmd,ksl yd

ixialD;sl .eg¨ i`oyd ;jÿrg;a ueÈy;aj lghq;= lrñka wkqmfïh fiajhla
lsÍu fjkqfjka" cd;sl kdhl;ajh we;=¿ ieug Yla;h s yd ffO¾hh ,efíjdhs
Y%uNsudks flakø
a fha ish¨u iyDohska m%d¾:kd lruq'
Tng ch! ch! ch!
fkdfh,a ls%iaàka meúÈ fidfydhqßh
iNdm;s;=ñh
Y%udNsudks flakaøh"
fj,nv mdr" ,shkf.auq,a,'

• 229 •
 bvï yd lDIsl¾u m%;sixialrK jHdmdrh - MONLAR

1990 oYlh wdrïN jkafka iïm%odhsl md,l mx;Ska

úiska Èh;a l< wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k jevms<sfj,ska
mSvdjg m;a ol=fKa ;reKhska kj iudchla
wfmalaIdfjka isÿ l< fojeks wr.,h u¾okh
lsÍu;a iuÕh' th jir 17 la mqrd wLKavj meje;s
tlai;a cd;sl mlaIfha taldêm;s rdcH md,khl
kෂ්gdjfYaI N=la;s ú§ug isÿjQ ld, jljdkqjla o
úh' fï jljdkqj ;=< rfÜ nyq;rh;a jQ f.dú" ëjr"
j;= lïlrejka" kd.ßl me,am;ajdiSka fukau hqoaOfhka mSvd úÈñka isටි
W;=re kef.kysr Ôj;a jk ck;dj rdcH md,kfha úúO n,mEïj,g
yiqfjñka isáhy' fujeks ;;ajhla ;=<1997 j¾Ifha§ cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d
jHdmdrfha wdrïNh isÿjkafka o furg iq¿mkak ëjr l¾udka;fha fh§ isák
ëjr mjq,a fukau Tjqkaf.a iuia; whs;Ska yd ysñlï /l.ekSug kdhl;ajhla
,nd §fï uq,sl wruqK we;sjh'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrfha f.ù hñka ;sfnk jir 25 l ld,h ;=<
YS% ,xldfõ isú,a ixúOdk lafIa;%h ;=< ;SrKd;aul N+ñldjla isÿ lsÍug
yelsj ;sfí' jHdmdrhla f,i Tjqkag wêm;s foaYmd,khg;a" fjf<ofmd,
yiqrejñka isák oeවැka; iud.ïj,g;aa" ;SrK .ekSï ;=< isák rdcHh iy
ks,OdÍ ;ka;%hg wNsfhda. lsÍug yels úh'

bvï yd lDIsl¾u m%;sixialrK jHdmdrh f,i wmg o cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d

jHdmdrh iuÕ tlaj jvd ;SrKd;aul fmdÿ wjYH;d yd foaYmd,ksl fjkialï
fjkqfjka fmkSisáñka jev lsÍu iïnkaOfhka ióm w;aoelSï .kKdjla
miq.sh ld,h ;=< ,nd .; yels úh' fuys § úfYaIfhka wm olskafka cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrh W;=re kef.kysr m%foaYhkays ck;djf.a whs;Ska
fjkqfjka miq.sh oYlh ;=< ;SrKd;aul ueÈy;aùï isÿ lr we;s njhs' thska
Tjqka W;aiyd lr we;af;a W;=r yd ol=K w;r u¾okh yd iïm;a Wÿrd
.ekSu fjkqfjka n,y;aldrfhka isÿlrñka ;sfnk ueÈy;aùïj,g tfrys
ck;dj ixúOdk .; lrñka Tjqkag wjYH u.fmkaùï isÿ lsÍugh' jir
25 l ld,hla ,dxlSh iudch ;=< ck;d n,hla f.dvke.Su yd mq¿,a ck;d

• 230 •
jHdmdrhla ;=<ska ;SrKd;aul iudc mßj¾;khla wfmalaIdfjka lghq;=
lrñka isák jHdmdrhla f,i ;j ÿrg;a Tjqkaf.a ld¾hH Ndrh iudchg
wjYHj we;' tu .uk hdug Tjqka mj;sk wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k ;;a;ajh
ms<sno we;s lr f.k ;sfnk ksjerÈ oDIaÀjd§ woyi ;j ÿrg;a Yla;su;a
lr .ksñka ;SrKd;aul ueÈy;aùula isÿ lsÍu i`oyd j;auka kdhl;ajhg
fukau ld¾h uKav,h yd idudðl m%cdjg;a bvï yd lDIsl¾u m;sixialrK
jHdmdrh iqN me;=ï tla lruq'

Ñka;l rdcmlaI
fufyhqïlre
bvï yd lDIsl¾u m%;sixialrK jHdmdrh

• 231 •
bvï whs;sh i`oyd jk ck;d jHdmdrh ^PARL&
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrh ;u 25 jk ixj;airh
iurkafka" YS% ,xldj ;SrKd;aul wNsfhda. rdYshlg
uqyK
q § isák wjia:djlh' oYl .Kkdjl jerÈ wd¾Ól
m%;ms ;a;"s ¥IKhg" jxpdj yd wêm;sjdÈ foaYmd,kh
wm rg .eTqre wd.dOhla lrd /f.k hñka ;sfí'

kuq;a" fï ish¨ w¾nqo uOHfha idOdrK;ajh hd hqla;sh

Wfoid fm< .efik ck;d jHdmdr wmg wkd.;h
iïnkaO hï n,dfmdfrd;a;= iy.; ye`.Sula Woa§mkh
lr;s' jvd hym;a YS% ,xldjla f.dvke.sh yelafla
idïm%odhsl mCI foaYmd,kfhka fkdj" mßêfha isg f.dvkef.k ck n,hla
u`.ska nj uE; ld,Sk wr., jHdmdrh wmg mila lr fohs'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djh ;u wjqreÿ 25 ls%hdldß;ajh ;=<u W;aiyh ork

,oafoa ;u whs;sjdislï yd idOdrK;ajh fjkqfjka igka jÈkd ck jHdmdr
f.dvke.Su i`oyd h' bvï whs;sh i`oyd jk ck;d jHdmdrfha wdrïNl
idudÔlfhl= jk ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh hqoaOh" ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s" wd¾Ól
ie,iqï yd cd;sljd§ foaYmd,kh fya;=fjka ;u bvï yd iajNdúl iïm;a wysñ
jq ck fldgia ixúOdkh lrñka" Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdislï Wfoid fm< .eiaùu
i`oyd l< odhl;ajh w;s uy;a h' YS% ,xldfõ ish¨u ck fldgia iu`. lghq;=
lrñka" ;ukaf.a whs;sjdislï Wfoid jk fmdÿ ls%hdldß;ajhkag Tjqka f.k
taug;a" cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r ck;d jHdmdr iu`. Tjqka taldnoaO lsÍug;a cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;djh isÿ lrk ,o ld¾hh iqúfYAIs h'

j¾;udkh wd¾Ól yd wdydr w¾nqoh wmf.a wkd.; ÈYdk;sh iïnkaOfhka

;SrKd;aulj is;Sug wmg n,lr isá' úfYAIfhka u YS% ,xldfõ wdydr
ksIamdolhskaf.ka w;s nyq;rh jq iq¿ mßudK f.dùka yd ëjrhska uq,a lr .;a
kj wd¾Ól l%ufõohla f.dvke.Sug fï jvd;au iqÿiqu ld,hhs' YS% ,xldfõ
iq¿ mßudK ëjrhska we;=¿ wdydr ksIamdolhska iu`. jir 25 mqrd lghq;= l<
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djh fï mßj¾;kSh fjki Wfoid kdhl;ajh ,nd §fï
yelshdj mj;s'

jir 25 la ;=< meñKs lS¾;su;a .uka ud¾.fha bf.kSu mokï lr .ksñka"

jvd;a Yla;su;aj yd ks¾udKYS,Sj bÈßh i`oyd uqyqK §ug ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh Yla;sh ,efíjdhs m%d¾:kd lruq'
i÷ka ;=vq.,
kS;sh yd iudc Ndrh

• 232 •
 fkdksñ fufyjrla" úismia jirla" iudc fjkila" fufyjrg
me;=ula

úismia jirl fmr" ó.uqfõ wdrïN l< cd;sl ëjr

iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh fuu úismia jir ;=< meñKs
.uka u`. b;du;a lgql .ukla nj ud wuq;=fjka
lsj hq;= fkdfõ'

rdcH úiska ie,iqï iy.; f,i ck iudchg t,a,

l< wys;lr jq úúOdldr ie,iqïj,g wNsfhda. lsÍu
muKla fkdj" thg úreoaOj ck;dj ixúOdkh
lsÍfï ld¾hhfha j.lSu o" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrfha .uka uf.a tla wruqKla ùu ksidfjkau" rdcH úiska úúOdlr jq
n,mEï o Tn fj; tkakg úh'

ta ish¨ wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK foñka" wo olajdu cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;djhg

wkkH jq ßoauhlg wkqj" Tfí kdhl;ajh iy mjrd .;a iudc j.lSula
iys; Tn lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd Tfí iudc j.lSu fuf;la b;du;a id¾:lj
bgq lr we;' th wfkl=;a isú,a ixúOdkj,g o m%n, Yla;su;a iy n,mEuls'
uy mdf¾ hqla;sh fydhk ck;djg Tn uy`.= w;aje,la o úh' b;sx"

kj fhdjqka ;dreKhdg .uka lrk Tn wdh;kh

kj mkakrhlska ;j ;j;a jir .Kkdjla ish¨ ndOd chf.k
bÈßhg hEug wjYH Yla;sh iy foajdYs¾jdoh ,efíjdhs
ifydaor;ajfha udf.a me;=uhs æ

m%§md iqo¾YkS
mßmd,k f,alï
ckjfndaO flakaøh

• 233 •
úl,amks cd;sl ldka;d ixúOdkfhka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha

25 jk ixj;airh fjkqfjka iqn me;=ï

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh YS% ,xldfõ Èia;s%lal

nyq;rhl ls%hdldÍj lghq;= lrk rdcH fkdjk
ixúOdkhla f,i mqrd jir 25 la mqrd YS% ,xldfõ
ëjr m%cdjf.a iqn isoaêh fjkqfjka bgq fldg we;s
l¾;DjH w;s uy;a h' úfYAIfhka ëjr m%cdjg ìï
uÜgfï§ uqyqK fok m%dfhda.sl .eg¨j,g úi`ÿï
,nd §ug Tjqka jir .Kkdjl isg ork ,o m%h;ak
b;du;a lD;{ mQ¾jlj isysm;a lruq' úfYAIfhkau
ëjr m%cdj ixúOdkh lrñka Tjqkag myiqlrKhka i,iñka Tjqkaf.a
whs;sjdislï iqrCIs; lsÍug Tn wdh;kh iy tys ish¨ ld¾hh uKav,h
ork fjfyi w.h fldg isákafkuq' YS% ,xldfõ wdydr iqrCIs;Ndjh ;yjqre
lsÍu fjkqfjka Tn wdh;kh ìï uÜgfï m%dfhda.slj iy cd;sl uÜgfï
m%;sm;a;suh jYfhka fjkila isÿ lsÍug .;a W;aiyh ifydaor isú,a
ixúOdkhla f,i wms ÿgqfjuq'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg jir 25 la imsfrk fï fudfydf;a úl,amkS

cd;sl ldka;d ixúOdkfha ìï uÜgfï ish¨u ldka;djka Tn wdh;khg iqn
me;=ï tla lrkafkuq' Tn wdh;kh úiska f,dalh jvd hym;a ;ekla njg
m;a lsÍug .kakd ish¨ m%h;ak fjkqfjka wms Tn ish¨ fokdgu Yla;sh
ffO¾hh m%d¾:kd lrkafkuq'

p;+ fiõjkaÈ
úl,amks cd;sl ixúOdkh

• 234 •
 ifydaor;ajfhka
tlu hq.hl" tlu fijKl" tlu wruqKlska iúia;%S yd cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.S;djh .uka wdrïN lf<uq'

tys§ wm" mej;s iudc h:d¾;h" ;=<" ±ä mSvkhlg

m;a jk nyq;rhla" jrm%ido wysñj Ôj;a jk —
nj;a" w;f<diail msßila Wmßu jrm%ido" N=la;s"
úosk nj;a" uQ,slj wjfndaO lr .;af;uq' tu jgyd
.ekSug wkqj" iudc ixj¾Ok l%shdOrhska f,i"
jrm%ido wysñ" nyq;r" f.dú" ëjr" j;= lïlre
m%cdj iu`. tlaj" iudc" wd¾Ól" ixialD;sl yd
foaYmd,kslj" ±kqj;aj ixúOdkd;aul jev
ms<sfj,lg u`.fmkajkakka f,i l%shd lsÍug wm
j. n,d.;af;uq' tysoS" m%cdj" uQ,sl lr.;a iudc ixj¾Ok jev ms<sfj,la
ie,iqï fldg" l%shd;aul lsÍu" wmf.a f;dard.ekSu úh'

miqld,Skj" wm f;dard.;a flafIa;% ;=< m%cdj ±kqj;a lr" ixúOdkh lsÍfï

l%shdj,shg" jvd mq`M,a f,i ueÈy;a ùug" bv yir we;s" ksoyia udj;lg
m%úIag jQfjuq' th uy;a lgql" w;a±lSï ,nñka" úúO ÿIalr;dj,g uqyqK
foñka" meñKs .ukla ñi" frdai u,a we;srE udj;la fkdfõ'

iudch jvd hym;a lsÍfï wruqKska" ëjr m%cdj iuÕ lghq;= lrñka"
Tjqkag u.fmkajñka" wjYH ueÈy;aùï lrñka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;djh"
mqrd jir 25 la wd .uka uÕ" b;d ÿIalr jqj;a meyeÈ,s ±laula iys;
jev ms<sfj,lg" kdhl;ajh fok y¾uka l=udr ifydaorhdg úfYaI ;=;shla
msßkeóh hq;=uh' ;u lKavdhu ksis u.g fhduq lrñka" ëjr m%cdj fuka u"
W;=re kef.kysr"iy ol=fKa" m%cdj ldka;d msßñ fNaohlska f;drj" mSvdjg
m;a lrk" úúO iudc m%Yakj,g ueÈy;a ùfï" wjYH;djh jgyd.ksñka
yd ck;dj wjÈ lrñka yd Wkkaÿj we;s lrñka" .kakd jQ" iudc fjkilg
wjeis l%shdud¾."iudc ixj¾Ok l%shdldÍkaf.a l%shdldß;ajh ukdj ms<sônq
lrhs' wo jk úg" m%cd;ka;%jdoh hkak jpkj,g muKla iSud jQ lsisÿ —udkj
ysñlula ms<sn|j fkd;lk ;a;ajhlg rg weo oud we;" wOu md,lhska
rc lrk wo jeks hq.hl" cd;sl OSjr iyfhda.S;djfha l%shdldß;ajh yd
ueosy;aùu fmrg jvd Yla;su;a f,i m%dfhda.sl lsÍfï wjYH;djh oeä
f,i oefkkq we;'

• 235 •
ta i|yd osrsh yd iúh m;ñka" tu ld¾fhafhaoS" wjYH ´kEu úfgl iúia;%s
cd;sl ldka;d jHdmdrh Tn iuÕ w;aje,a ne|.ekSug iQodkï njo i|yka
lrkafkuq'

moaud mqIamldka;s
iúia;%s cd;sl ldka;d jHdmdrh

Happy 25th anniversary for National Fisheries Solidary Association

(NAFSO), from Department of Political Science, University of Kelaniya.

We are convinced that the future years of your

organization would follow with many successes, rises
and new achievements through empowering and
providing assistance for Human Rights for fisheries
communities, women and many other cores of
Human Rights in Sri Lanka. Hope to work and continue
the partnership with your organizations in the future
endeavors for our undergraduates in the scope of
Human Rights. Wishing the very best to all the members of National
Solidary Fisheries Association, including Mr. Herman Kumara (The national
convener of NAFSO).

Ms. Yamuna Mendis

Head/ Department of Political Science
Univercity of Kelaniya

• 236 •
 It is a reality in Sri Lanka, as in many developing
countries, that the small-scale fishers and fish
workers are marginalized and that their voice is
rarely heard by the Government authorities.
National Fisheries Solidarity Movement (NAFSO)
plays a significant role in organizing small-scale
fishers to raise their voices to bring attention of the
Government policy makers in the fisheries sector, to
defend their rights. NAFSO also promotes to introduce good practices to
protect coastal environments.

At the event of celebrating twenty fifth anniversary of NAFSO, it is my

great pleasure to send my heartfelt greetings. My long-term involvement
in research on small-scale fisheries (SSF) in Sri Lanka tempted me to
work closely with NAFSO for obvious reason that its genuine support
to uplift living standards of small-scale fisheries in the country is clearly
visible. In fact, since 1992, I have closely worked with SEDEC (Caritas Sri
Lanka), the foundation of NAFSO, to organize inland fisher communities
for management decision making. NAFSO's Recently, we jointly worked
for providing inputs to the preparation of the National fisheries and
Aquaculture Policy, through stakeholder consultation. As a strong believer
that needs, and aspirations of small-scale fishers must be taken into
account for defining effective management strategies for SSF, I reckon that
NAFSO plays an irreplaceable role in empowering fisher communities.
The excellent strong network that NAFSO has established throughout
the country certainly is undoubtedly the driving force for achieving its
objectives. I wish NAFSO has strength and courage to be engaged in its
endeavors in the long run.

Prof. Upali S. Amarasinghe

Senior Professor Emeritus
University of Kelaniya

• 237 •
 Fishery plays the main role of ensuring food
security of the poor in most less Developed
countries. Small scale fisheries are one of the
disorganized voiceless sectors among the other
many sources of livelihoods. National Fisheries
Solidarity Movement (NAFSO) collaboratively
work with small-scale fishers with in National and
international flatform to empowerment of fishers'
rights, optimal use of resources and provide
information to the Government for policy making and implementation.
One of outstanding activity of NAFSO was formulating shadow fisheries
policy in Sri Lanka very recently. NAFSO is celebrating it twenty fifth
anniversary with her stake holders on 20th on November, which is one day
before the World Fisheries Day, celebrating with special focus on social
protection to secure equitable blue transformation in the fisheries sector. I
firmly believe that NAFSO has adequate capacity to enhance collective
action and the participatory action research in small scale fisheries sector.
I wish NAFSO's effort on its endeavors for the development of small-scale
fishers and fisheries sector in Sri Lanka.

Prof. M. G. Kularatne
Professor in Economics
University of Kelaniya

• 238 •
 cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg úismia
jirla msÍu ksñ;af;ka iqn me;=ï f.k taug
yels ùu buy;a i;=gls' miq.sh jir oyhl
ld,h ;=< tys úúO iïuka;%K" idlÉPd iy /
iaùïj,g iyNd.s fjñka tys lghq;= iu`.
wdikakj iïnkaO ùug wmg bvla ,eìK' ta
w;a±lSu b;du;a idrj;a úh' cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh furg úúO m<d;aj,
fjfik l=vd ëjr m%Yak iïnkaOj ls%hd lsÍug
tys lghq; = iS u d fkdlf<a h' ó.uqfõ cd;Ska w;r iu.sh u;
f.dvke.= k iduh i`oyd wr.,fhys th bÈßfhkau isá ixúOdhlhd
jQf ha h' cd;s l uÜgfï wr.,j,§ jD;a; Sh iñ;s" isú,a ixúOd
iu`. th úmq , ld¾hNd¾hla bgq lf<a h'

fï ls% h dldß;a jh fo.=K f;.=K lrñka bÈßhg f.khEug B<`.

jir 25 i`oyd udf.a iq n me;=ï æ

uydpd¾h iqukisß ,shkf.a uy;d

iy-iïnkaêldrl" udlaia mdi,

• 239 •
 iqn me;=ï

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda . s ; d jHdmdrh 2004 j¾Ifha

iqk dñ jHikh;a iu`. 2009 j¾Ifha we;s jq bvï
uxfld,a, hg tfrys j mdku m;a ; = f õ we;s jq
mßir úkdYj,g tfrys yd kS ; s úfrda ê ëjr
lghq; =j,g tfrys j mdku m;a ; = f õ ck;dj
iu`. tlaj m% c djf.a whs ; S k a fjkq f jka fï jk
f;la lghq; = l< w;r Tn jHdmdrfha 25 jk
j¾Ifha ixj;a irh fjkq f jka mdku m;a ; = j
fjkqfjka cd;s l ëjr iyfhda . s ; d jHdmdrhg
yoj;skau iqn me;=ï tla lrñ'

mqxÑrd, fidauiß
cd;sl ixúOdhl
mdku m;a;=j iq/lSfï ixúOdkh" mdku

;reK jHdmdrfha iNdm;sjrhdf.a iqNdYsxikh

cd;sl ;reK jHdmdrfha iNdm;s jk ud cd;sl ëjr

iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha 25 jk ixj;airh iurk
wjia:dfõ" mßirh wdrCId lrñka mßir .eg¨j,g
ueÈy;a fjñka ta i`oyd úl,am fidhñka muKla fkdj
;reKhkag bv m%ia:dj i,id foñka ;reKhskaf.a
wdl,am" l=i,;d jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug f;da;ekakla ;kñka
Èia;s%lal 15 l ;reK cjh tlg f.dkq lrñka iuia;
rgg u wdo¾Yu;a ;reK mrmqrla f.dvke.Sug fjr ork cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d uõks Tng iod ch È.dhq'

tÈuqKs fYydka fhkql hiia Ys%

iNdm;s" mßirh yd iudc fjkila i|yd jQ ;reK jHdmdrh

• 240 •
 Greetings from Partner Organizations
From Alex. Van Arkadie, Rome

I first met my fraternal-NGO-friend, Mr. Herman Kumara, in November 1997

when employed at the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization, (FAO) Office
in Rome (1977-2006), and assigned to the HQ Fisheries Department' Meetings
Office.

            Member Countries at the 30th Session of the UN-FAO Conference

held in Rome in Nov.1999 had, —agreed to award the Margarita Lizárraga
Medal to the non-governmental organization (NGO) National Fisheries
Solidarity (NAFSO) of Sri Lanka," recommending that, —the Medal be
presented to the Head of the Delegation of Sri Lanka by the Director-General
because it has taken very practical steps to translate the Code of Conduct
for Responsible Fishing into the Sinhala language, to print it and distribute
it, and also, —organized a series of meetings in fishing communities thereby
promoting a better understanding of various aspects of the Code among
poor, small scale fishing communities. Without this work, it is highly likely
that these largely illiterate fishing communities would not have had access
to the Code", the Conference noted. (C99/Inf.10)."

As a Sri Lankan and resident in Rome since 1977, I was impressed by the foresight
which had inspired NAFSO to translate to Sinhala, print and distribute FAO's
Code among poor, small scale fishing communities surrounding the Island.

I also recall, how NAFSO volunteered to print, publish and promote Island-
wide-distribution of my Booklet on Basic Italian in English/Sinhala for Lankan
immigrants in Italy. For the Book Release event held on 31 Jan. 1999 at its'
Auditorium in Negombo, NAFSO arranged a colorful cultural ceremony graced
by, Most Rev.Dr. Oswald Gomis, Emeritus Archbishop of Colombo, Most Rev.
Dr. Kumara Illangasinghe, Emeritus Archbishop of Kurunegala, and few other
senior Clergymen of the Catholic and Anglican Church. Two distinguished Senior
Professors of the Kelaniya University and journalists representing Lankan and
Asian media were also present among dozens of other invitees.

• 241 •
To coincide with the 25th Anniversary of NAFSO, these are but a few historic
facts that I wish to place on record. May you then in the coming years harvest
abundantly from promoting advancement of all Fish Workers along the coastal
stretch of the South Asian Region and enjoy therefrom a bountiful, fulfilling, and
resourceful future.

Sincerely and Yours' Truly, Alex. Van Arkadie (writing from Rome)

My Anniversary Prayer then:

Devasiri ! Bhavatu Sabbha Mangalam !! Jayasiri Mangalam !!!

From Alternatives - CANADA

Alternatives was founded in 1994. Since then we have worked in collaboration

with many organizations in over 30 countries around the world. We share
our rights based approach to social justice and development with partner
organizations. NAFSO has been an important addition to our family of progressive
organizations and social movements. NAFSO is a people's organization
representing one of the most vulnerable sections of the society, the fishing
community of Sri Lanka. Its internationalist approach has brought it together
with many fishing community organizations around the globe. Alternatives and
NAFSO have together engaged with international organizations that challenge
the exploitative status quo and look for alternatives by pushing for systematic
and systemic changes as and when necessary. Having struggled through over
a decade of civil war, natural and political Tsunamis, the ongoing neoliberal
onslaught, we are convinced that NAFSO will continue to defend the people's
democratic rights and struggle for social justice and equitable development. We
congratulate them on their 25th anniversary!!!

• 242 •
From CAFOD - UK

NAFSO is one of CAFOD's most longstanding partners in Sri Lanka. Our

relationship goes back longer than 25 years, because we were in contact during
NAFSO's inception during which NAFSO was developing into the independent
fisher people's movement as which we hailed it when it was officially launched
in 1997.

Over all this time our partnership with NAFSO has been something we valued
very highly. The head office in Negombo became a familiar landmark for us, as
staff visits and exposures to Sri Lanka customarily included a day to call in there
for a briefing. NAFSO is not just a physical landmark but also a moral presence
in Negombo. We are thankful for the leadership role you took after the Easter
2019 bombings and all the work you do to bring together people who yearn for
peace and a Sri Lanka built on equality and diversity.

Some organisations grow tired and ‘institutionalised', but after 25 years we find
NAFSO's outlook as fresh as ever, and its flame of commitment still burning
bright. We hereby send our best wishes to NAFSO and all its local partners –
best wishes for the anniversary celebrations, and best wishes for the next 25
years!

Mary Lucas, Tory Jones and Olwen Maynard

• 243 •
We salute the National Fisheries Solidarity Movement

In recognition and respect of your 25 years as a leading movement in the struggle for
human rights of fisher people and coastal communities in Sri Lanka and globally, we
share our warm and comradely congratulations!

It has been an honour and a privilege to work with NAFSO for the past
ten years. Our collaboration on developing the Ocean Grabbing Primer
stands out as one of the most important collective achievements. This pioneering
work has set the course for movements' struggles against ocean grabbing across the
world and created new alliances with progressive movements and organisations.
As expressed by National Convener of NAFSO, Herman Kumara —the political
consciousness of fisher people is on the rise and this is of greatest importance in the
struggle against the grabbing of land and the sea". This was in the context of tourism-
driven land and ocean grabbing in Kalpitiya peninsula, Sri Lanka some ten years ago.
Today, we can proudly say the political consciousness of fisher peoples all over the
world and their resistance to ocean grabbing continue to gain strength, thanks in part
to NAFSO's internationalist approach.

Our collaboration during the last decade has been too extensive to mention all our
shared accomplishments, but a few additional moments stand out. The 6th general
assembly of the World Forum of Fisher Peoples in 2014 (where we presented the
Ocean Grabbing Primer) and the 7th general assembly co-hosted by NAFSO in Delhi
in 2017 stand out as historical moments that brought together fisher movements
and organisations from all over the world, strengthening alliances in the global fight
against ocean grabbing. TNI's publications on the UN small-scale fisheries guidelines,
climate change and the so-called blue economy all build on our collaborative work.
Finally we have enormously valued the many moments - in Sri Lanka and elsewhere
- where we have gotten to know each other and strengthened solidarity, as these are
the very foundation for our collaboration and a stronger internationalist force for a
future based on human rights, equity and peace.

We stand with you in these difficult times in Sri Lanka where the national debt default
and threats to democracy heavily impact on the lives of Sri Lankan fishers and all
other working people!
We are looking forward to continuing the struggle together with you!

• 244 •
 International Network for a Human Economy - INHE
(Asia Secretariat)
c/o ARREDS Trust, Kattalai Post Office, Krishnarayapuram Taluk, Karur District, Tamilnadu, India 639108

Telephone : +91-9677721834 Email :contact@inheasia.org

Congratulations NAFSO!
Dear Herman Kumara and the NAFSO family - Hearty Congratulations - for
your 25 years of journey in realizing human-centered development to the people
in concern.
INHE-Asia recalls the time you had initiated a brave mission. When vested interests
created a situation to divide the population with religion, region and language for
their own power and political stay, NAFSO took the bold and exemplary step of finding
new paths and creating alternatives particularly in the context of building peace,
unity, collective ownership and nurturing people-centric processes. NAFSO proved
again with their prophetic role that together as humans we can sustain any situation
by building peace in the territory through sustainable development perspectives.
You have chosen a mission impossible and you have proved it possible with your
commitment and love for humanity.

INHE-Asia is very proud and happy to celebrate with you the 25 years of struggle in
realizing your mission. NAFSO continues to prove that the human economy is the
way forward and thank you for your innovative programs that include all peoples
transcending language, age, region and religion. We have immensely learnt and we
commit to march together forward with you all. Best Wishes!

In Solidarity,
L.A. Samy – Vice President INHE International Secretariat
N.S.Babu – Executive Secretary INHE-Asia Secretari

• 245 •
 From Md. Mujibul Haque Munir, COAST Foundation, Bangladesh

Thank you, NAFSO and Herman

I have been living by the adage, —Leaders are those who make spaces for others,"
throughout my life and career as I have been working for more than 14 years to
establish myself as a leader in the field of development sector. I am fortunate to see
Herman Kumara, the national convener of the National Fisheries Solidarity Movement,
as such a leader (NAFSO).

I must first talk about Herman Kumara, who I most admire, in order to begin writing
about NAFSO. This is due to the fact that Herman was the one who originally
introduced me to NAFSO back in 2011 when we first met at a South Asia Alliance for
Poverty Eradication (SAAPE) event. Herman and NAFSO have been a very good and
active friend of COAST for a long time, especially as we have fought for the rights
of the underprivileged and marginalized, particularly the rights of the farmers and
fisherfolk in South Asia.

In their respective nations, NAFSO and COAST have both actively promoted the
public's voice as an alternative to that of the rulling classes.

As in Bangladesh, we have been attempting to mobilize the fishing

community, and NAFSO is a fantastic model in this regard, not only in
Sri Lanka but also at the world level, Herman and NAFSO have been our
rule model, mentors. I am aware that NAFSO stands in for the small-scale
fishing people by serving the needs of the inland, brackish water, and
marine fisher communities. COAST, on the other hand, works also for the
marginalized coastal population, with a concentration on women and children.

NAFSO and Herman have been taking leadership roles in several international
forums outside of Sri Lanka and even outside of the South Asian regions. The
attention of those who have a say in policy has always been drawn to Herman's
significant role. Herman, who is the NAFSO representative and has been
also leading the World Forum of Fisher Peoples (WFFP). Additionally, he was
instrumental in developing the International Guidelines for Small-Scale Fisheries
(IG-SSF).

• 246 •
I am very much inspired to know that, in 1996, the Food and Agriculture
Organization awarded the Margarrita Lizzarraga Award to NAFSO with the
appreciation of its engagement on education and mobilizations of fishers on
fisheries management with educating people on the Code of Conduct for
Responsible Fisheries (CCRF). I really feel honored that, I got opportunity in many
cases to work with NAFSO and Herman.

I chose the aforementioned quotation for Herman for a personal purpose as

well. Harmen has represented the WFFP at the IFAD's Global Farmers Forum
(FAFO). Herman resigned from that body and personally made space for me,
and pushed me there. These days, in a world that is blatantly selfish, this is
extremely difficult, but Herman has made this happened.

I am aware of the challenging periods NAFSO and Herman have been going
through. I can vividly recall the times when Herman had to hide out to avoid being
arrested since he was a vocal advocate for fishermen.

On the eve of NAFSO's 25th anniversary, we send our warmest wishes to both
Herman and NAFSO because they are both constant sources of inspiration for
us.

Md. Mujibul Haque Munir,

COAST Foundation, Bangladesh

• 247 •
 From Valery, Eileen, and the whole team of PHP

Congratulations for 25th anniversary!

As NAFSO celebrates its 25th anniversary, we at the Presbyterian Hunger Program

are proud to have collaborated with the organization for more than a decade,
and for the work and journey we have been in together. In a beautiful country
like Sri Lanka with wonderful people and world wonders, NAFSO has always
looked for ways to reveal the country's true potential, by insisting on the fact
that people should be built, lifted, equipped rather than dispossessed.

For 25 years, NAFSO has taken it upon itself to speak out for those who for too
long have not been heard or taken seriously. In doing so, it has become the
organization of the voiceless, poor, and neglected people across Sri Lanka and
the region. NAFSO's work has certainly inspired us within PHP and PCUSA.

This journey to Year 25 hasn't been easy. It has been full of challenges and
obstacles. But you made it! In this very same year when you celebrate 25
years of community building and organizing, Sri Lanka is going through a major
transition, and people were able to clearly express their voice and dreams for a
new society where they are at the center. Herman and all the team of NAFSO deserve
a giant round of applause for all your amazing work and unconditional dedication.

Wishing you many more years of unparallel success and growth. Congratulations on
this special day. Happy anniversary!!!

Valery, Eileen, and the whole team of PHP

• 248 •
 FIAN International commemorates Sri Lanka's National Fisheries Solidarity
Organization - NAFSO - on its auspicious 25th anniversary. NAFSO's enduring
commitment, support and participatory interaction with small-scale food
producers and its engagement against the destruction of natural resources and
ecosystems and the social injustice behind our food systems is outstanding. We
particularly appreciate NAFSO's expertise, mobilising power and the reliability
of our work relation.

NAFSO's key role in facilitating the engagement of Sri Lankan civil society
representatives in the United Nations system has strengthened our joint
advocacy - both nationally and internationally.

FIAN International is grateful for this work relation and is looking forward to
further collaborate with NAFSO towards the realization of the right to adequate
food and nutrition.

Sabine Pabst
Asia Coordinator
********************************
FIAN International Secretariat

• 249 •
From PAN Asia Pacific

PAN Asia Pacific (PANAP) congratulates the National Fisheries Solidarity

Movement (NAFSO) on its 25th anniversary. On this momentous event, we
salute the people behind NAFSO for their tireless work and solid determination
to assert the rights of rural communities, especially the fisherfolk and women.

NAFSO has been a strong partner of PANAP in our campaign to document,

expose, and stop land and resource grabbing in the region. Their efforts
to educate and mobilize their communities in Sri Lanka on the issues of
people's rights to land and food sovereignty are invaluable in building
a vibrant movement that challenges the dominant global system
that oppresses and exploits the poor. NAFSO has been a reliable force in
demanding accountability from corporations and political leaders for policies
and projects that violate the rights and interests of the Sri Lankan people.

PANAP looks forward to more years of working with NAFSO and their communities.
The challenges ahead may seem insurmountable amid the intensifying multiple
crises gripping the world. But we are confident that we shall prevail with
the commitment and hard work that NAFSO has displayed over the years.

Long live NAFSO! Long live international solidarity!

Arnold J.Padilla
Coordinator, Food Sovereignty Programme

PAN Asia Pacific

www.panap.net

• 250 •
Dear The National Fisheries Solidarity Organization (NAFSO), Sri Lanka

From Asian Health Institute (AHI)

We, all at AHI, like to send our warm greetings on your anniversary.
We would like to convey our great respect and appreciation
to your works towards social justice over the past 25 years.
Although Sri Lanka is still in the critical situation, we believe that the
power of a people's movement could open the path to overhaul the
nation's political system and governance model, and NAFSO plays a
significant role throughout the process. We believe such knowledge
and lessons from experiences of your organization would contribute
to and strengthen many development workers who share the vision
for the future. We look forward to working and learning together
with you in the effort of building a more solid learning community.

Sincerely yours,
Kagumi Hayashi, General Secretary
Asian Health Institute (AHI)

• 251 •
Dear NAFSO members and friends in Sri Lanka,

From Kathmandu, Nepal.

South Asia Alliance for Poverty Eradication (SAAPE) would like to

congratulate the National Fisheries Solidarity Organisation (NAFSO) on
its 25 years of journey. NAFSO has remained a vibrant social movement
and network to fight for the rights of the fisherfolk community and
marginalised groups, including internally-displaced persons, women and
youth in Sri Lanka.

SAAPE's recognition as a regional network exists because of the campaign

members in South Asian countries. NAFSO's role in organising collective
actions and coordinating campaigns in Sri Lanka as a member of the
SAAPE food sovereignty and minimum wage campaigns has contributed to
promoting and protecting people's rights to justice, equality and dignity.
Its commitment, involvement and activism on the issues of land and
sea-grabbing to empower communities for their rights based on equity,
social justice, and democracy are praiseworthy. We want to extend our
solidarity to NAFSO members' unceasing and consistent involvement in
lobbying and organising policy advocacy to defend the marginalised fisher
communities' rights and to bring just environmental practices in coastal
areas that will last forever.

A ton of congratulations to NAFSO for its long-lasting journey!

SAAPE Secretariat
Kathmandu, Nepal.

• 252 •
From SSF

The SSF Hub wants to share this statement with you in honor of NAFSO's
25th anniversary!

The SSF Hub is a proud collaborator with NAFSO. We have had the pleasure
of working together on projects in support of small-scale fishers and the
implementation of the SSF Guidelines. We are continuously impressed by the
dedication, care, and ingenuity that NAFSO always brings to their projects and
community. Congratulations on 25 years of work!

From Right to Food and Nutrition

Many thanks for extending a kind invitation to the Global Network for the Right
to Food and Nutrition to send a message in commemorating NAFSO's 25th
anniversary on World Fisheries Day.

Here is our message below:

—On behalf of the Global Network for the Right to Food and Nutrition
(GNRTFN), FIAN would like to extend our heartfelt congratulations to NAFSO's
25th Anniversary on November 21st, the World Fisheries Day. This day should
remind us of all the small-scale fishers world-wide who fight back ocean grabbing,
impacts of blue economy and related human rights abuses and violations.
NAFSO's tireless effort in contributing to the realization of the right to food and
nutrition of the marginalized groups, in particular of the fisher people, is an
encouragement for all GNRTFN members. GNRTFN expresses its best wishes to
NAFSO for additional 25+ years and look forward to continued collaboration in
making the right to food and food sovereignty a reality in Sri Lanka."

Hope this message comes in time, Herman!

With warm regards,
Yifang

• 253 •
From ESCR Net work

ESCR-Net celebrates NAFSO's 25 years of committed struggle for human

rights in Sri Lanka and globally. NAFSO has been central to building cross-
regional solidarity and guiding collective advocacy through ESCR-Net. They
have provided vital leadership in ESCR-Net's Social Movement and Economic
Policy Working Groups, as well as cross-Network advocacy to confront
dispossession, with Herman Kumara being elected by fellow members to
the Board of ESCR-Net. In these different spaces, NAFSO has encouraged
fellow movements and human rights organizations to live into robust
solidarity that recognizes that —your struggle is my struggle," grounded in
a deepening analysis of the systemic injustices and related global conditions
resisted by communities around the world, including impoverishment and
dispossession amid abundance, deepening inequality, corporate capture,
climate change and deepening repression. NAFSO has also been a champion
of grassroots women's leadership and analysis.

Their leadership in ESCR-Net has in turn been grounded in their vital work to
organize fisherfolk and their communities across Sri Lanka--advancing food
sovereignty, environmental protection and the right to livelihood of small-
scale fisherfolk, including in the face of so-called development and tourism
projects. In doing so, they have repeatedly stood with struggles for rights
to land, workers' rights, and women's rights across the country, striving to
unite resisting communities across historic divides. NAFSO has been also
been a driving force behind the World Forum of Fisher Peoples (WFFP),
another ESCR-Net member, uniting millions of fisherfolk around the world
to confront ocean grabbing, protect the livelihoods of small-scale fisherfolk
and advance environmental and climate justice. We honor and stand in
solidarity with the vision, principled struggle and leadership of NAFSO. To
many moments of celebration in the ongoing struggle to make human rights
and social justice a reality for all.

• 254 •
Special Projects:
NAFSO builds bridges for refugee empowerment
Since 2021 National Fisheries Solidarity Organization
(NAFSO) has been operating a Centre in Negombo
for Persons of Concern (PoC) as an implementing
partner of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees (UNHCR). The Centre prioritizes the
psychosocial well-being of refugees and asylum
seekers, serving as some open space for PoCs from
various faiths and backgrounds to come together
and actively engage in various activities and events,
including educational programs, awareness raising workshops, recreational
activities and skills building events.

PoCs come from various

countries such as Iran,
Afghanistan, Pakistan
Bangladesh, India, Palestine,
and Yemen. It is the fundamental
principle of international
customary, that refugees should
not be expelled or forced to
return to countries where their lives or freedom is threatened. Whilst the
refugees temporarily reside in Sri Lanka, they are not allowed to seek
employment.

Living in Sri Lanka as a refugee has never been easy. Despite the Easter Sunday
attack, COVID-19 waves had hit them badly. They are facing many challenges in
the country.

The PoC population in Sri Lanka had been affected by the Easter Sunday attack in
2019 and as a result they were in the camps for about three months. Refugees
became refugees in Sri Lanka and it took a long time to heal the wounds. Their
difficulties grew and became life-threatening with the Easter bomb blasts attacks
• 255 •
launched in the country as they were falsely accused and feared as —terrorists"
with the rise in anti-Muslim violence in the country. More than 1,100 refugees
were forced out of their home by violent mobs and continue to live in fear of
further attacks. These refugees had to resort to living in overcrowded community
centers, police station, and temporary shelters offered in goodwill. Several
programs were organized to re-integrate them with the host community to
have a peaceful life in Negombo.

Nearly 60 in the refugee community tested positive for COVID and it was
very challenging to get the government run centers support towards them to
accommodate into the quarantine process. Over 55 refugees were under house
quarantine. Some of them were sent to government run quarantine centers in
various parts of the country.

Their relatives lost jobs in other

countries due to COVID situation and
they could not receive financial
support.

The aftermath of the Easter Sunday

bombing and COVID led to the host
community showing open hostility
towards the refugees living in
Negombo. NAFSO has been implementing several programs such as awareness
programs, integrated activities, and community-integrated activities, focusing
on fostering better relationships between the two community groups as the
refugees were dependent on the hospitality of the host community to reside
safely in Negombo. Some of the host community groups that NAFSO closely
works with are Janawabodaya, Caritas- Seth Sarana, fisheries and trishaw
communities to create sensitization on the lives of the refugees. Moreover,
they also engage with local authorities such as the Grama Niladaris, Midwives,
Development officers, hospital committees to create the same sensitization in
order to carry out these programs.

• 256 •
 Financial difficulties were at
maximum for most of the families
and many families became vulnerable.
As the Sri Lankan economy is
worsening the prices of goods are
rocketing. The refugees are not
entitled to work in Sri Lanka. They
manage their day to day living with
the minimum allowance they receive
from UNHCR and the support of friends and relatives. In 2022, many families
are struggling hard to run their kitchen with the amount of support they receive.

Even under these circumstances, many activities conduct with the help of
government programs, UNHCR, civil society organizations, religious leaders
and rights defenders. The NAFSO team was able to provide diverse donations
including dry rations, relief, health, sanitary items, education materials and
stationery equipment.

Many psychosocial programs have been designed and implemented even

during hard time.

The psychosocial team has

conducted awareness sessions
such as chronic illness patients,
mental health awareness,
women empowerment,
women's hygiene, Dengu
prevention, motivational
sessions, psychosocial
wellbeing activities, counseling
sessions, yoga workshops, the
session for pregnant and lactating mothers in order to give support through
their pregnancy journey. The Psychosocial team conduct family visits to support
the members of the refugee families and attended to their health and economic
hardships that were aggravating the psychosocial conditions.

• 257 •
 The education and skill
development team support
their educational and skill
development requirements.
The team conducts regular
English, IT classes for children
and adults, electrical wiring,
international cookery, home
gardening, plumbing courses,
life- saving and first aid training.

Many refugees are unable to communicate in English and they would require
support to access public services such as police, Grama Niladari, midwives, PHI
and government hospitals. Therefore, we continue beginner, intermediate and
upper intermediate classes to improve their English.

The NAFSO team is strengthening the relationship with refugees and government
bodies. The team advocates and educates the government officials about
refugee communities and their existence in the country. As government is not
carrying out any awareness programs on refugee population to the country our
main focus is to conduct outreach sessions which will help the refugees to access
the government hospitals for health care, police to registrations, midwives to
babies' vaccination and Grama Niladari to obtain birth certificates for the new
born babies. We conduct anti Malaria and Dengue campaigns with the support
of the gov. ministry as it is a high risk for the communities.

The team conducts sensitization programs. The objective is to sensitize the

society, the challenges and life struggles of the refugees in Sri Lanka and to
search practical steps to formulate a common action plan to enhance wellbeing,
protect and safeguard the rights of the refugees.

The psychosocial officers coordinate with IOM and facilitate psychiatric sessions
at the office which benefit more refugees. After the psychiatric session,
medications have been provided to the prescribed patients.

• 258 •
 Two families were attacked
and affected during the
mob attack calamities
happened in Negombo in
May 2022. One family with
five members lost their
bicycle during the attack as
it was burned and one of
their motorbikes was
damaged. This uncertainty
situation in that specific
area has created unnecessary fear among the refugee community. Psychosocial
support was given to the affected families to ensure their mental wellbeing and
safety during the calamities. NAFSO gave financial help to repair the partially
damaged motorcycle.

With the support of UNHCR, Sri Lanka Red Cross, SAHR, Centre for Society and
Religion, Born To Win Relationships, Janavabodaya and rights defenders have
provided medical support, dry rations, school equipment for refugees etc.

Over the past few years, UNHCR has helped financially and provided guidance
to implement these programs successful. Most of the programs have been very
successful because UNHCR, NAFSO and PoCs have taken a collective effort and
a team work.

The refugee communities flee from

their country of origin when their
lives or freedom are threatened and
reside in Sri Lanka as a temporary
source of residence before being
able to resettle in another country
with the aid of UNHCR. The resettling
opportunities may take months to
several years, until then the
community has to live with limited

• 259 •
resources to meet their basic requirements. Their temporary residence in the
country has many challenges including the inability to work to earn a living
even though these adults from good educational backgrounds and skills and
children are not permitted into the government schools for free education.
Careers, education, hopes, and dreams are put on a long standstill impacting
development and independence.

NAFSO is working to facilitate engagement and improve interaction and

integration between refugees and the local community. The organization tries
to create a peaceful environment for them to live and help them in their daily
needs. The NAFSO tries to improve resilience, mental health and psychosocial
wellbeing of refugees through empowerment, social integration, and advocacy
while increasing their access to services and resources through community-led
initiatives and non-traditional awareness creation initiatives.

By: Mr.Quintus Colombage

• 260 •
 ud;r u;aiH fj<`ofmd, jHdmD;sh
iqkdñ jHihkh ëjr
l¾udka;hg w;s l< whym;a
n,mEu jpkfhka lshd úia;r
l< fkdyel' t;=<ska ëjr
l¾udka;h uq¿ukskau wl¾ukH
úh' u;aiH wiajekak i`oyd
kshñ; ñ,la fkdue;s úh'
w;rueÈ fjf<kaod wêl
,dNhla ,nñka mdßfNda.slhdg
wêl ñ,lg wf,ú flßKs' fï fya;= ksid fndfyda u;aiH wiajkq wld,fha
úkdY jQfha .nvd lsÍfï uOHia:dk fkdue;s ùu hehs i`oyka lf<d;a
ksjerÈh'

m%foaYfha u;aiH wiajkq .nvd lsÍu i`oyd Ys;d.dr myiqlï iys; .nvd
lsÍfï uOHia:dkhla cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ueÈy;a ùfuka
wdrïN l< w;r ta i`oyd uQ,H odhl;ajh ySfjdaia wdh;kh ud;r ol=fKa
ëjr ixúOdkh fj; ,nd fok ,§' u;aiH wiajkq úkdY ùu j,lajd .ksñka
ksis m%ñ;sfhka yd .=Kd;aulNdjfhka hq;a u;aiH wiajekakla mdßfNda.slhd
w;g m;a lsÍu yd idOdrK ñ,la hgf;a u;aiH wiajekak mdßfNda.slhd w;g
m;a lsÍu fuys wruqKhs' cx.u fj<`oie,a 20 muK wdrïN fldg cx.u
r:hlska fj<`oie,a fj; .=Kd;aul uiqka ,nd §ug lghq;= l< w;r ta yryd
ëjrhdg;a mdßfNda.slhdg;a idOdrKhla bgq jQy' ksIamdolhdg idOdrK
ñ,lg uiqka ,nd .; yels ùu mdrfNda.slhd fu;=<ska ,;a ch.%yKhla fia
ie,lsh yel'

fuu jHdmD;sh ëjr ck;djg fuka u mdßfNda.slhdg o we;s l< jHdmD;shla

úh' fuu jHdmD;sh ks¾udKh lrkq ,enqj;a úúO wNsfhda." ÿIalr;dj,g
uqyqK §ug isÿ úh' mj;sk fj<`o taldêldrh iu`. igka lsÍu t;rï myiq
lghq;a;la fkdjk w;r Ys;d.dr i`oyd úYd, msßjehla ±Íug isÿ ùu fuka
u úúO mdßißl yd idudÔh .eg¨ fya;=fjka fuu jHdmD;sh ;djld,slj
k;r lsÍug isÿ úh'

• 261 •
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha iDcq u`.fmkaùu hgf;a ks¾udKh
l< .S;dldr myiqlï wo jk úg Ndú;fhka f;dr ùu yd tu jHdmD;sh
;djld,slj k;r fldg we;' fuu jHdmD;sh kej; h:d;;a;ajhg m;a fldg
ëjr l¾udka;fha ÈhqKqj i`oyd fuh fhdod .; yel'

kS,neïu kS, yß; ldnksl f.dúm, - lrej,.iajej

f,dj ckdjdi we;s jQfha .x`.d ksïk wdYs;

% j h' ta
yqfola ck;djf.a uQ,ls wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug
uQ,sl jq lreK c,h jq ksid h' ñksid we;=¿
i;=kaf.a Ôj;a ùu Wfoid uQ,sl jQfha c,h jQ
neúKs' c,h f,dj uyd wk¾> jia;=j jQfha c,h
jq neúKs' fojk wjYH;dj jQfha ñksid YsIagdpdr
.; ùfuka miqj Tyqf.a ck Ôú;h mj;ajd
.ekSug wjYH jq OdkH we;=¿ lDIs YsIagdpdrfha
uQ,sl moku c,h jq ksid h' tkï nj fnda.
j.dfõ m%Odk idOlh jQ moúh iu`. ne`ÿKq
fofjks wjYH;dj c,h ùuh' w;S; f.dúhdf.a moúh c,h yd ne`ÿKq
wfkla ldrKh jQfha idu fnda.j, îch fõjd fidnd oyu yd neÿKq
lD;s%u fkdjq foaj,a úh'

j¾;udkfha wm o;a m%Odk ld¾hh jQfha f.dúhd f.dú;eka lrk njh'

fuh ixj¾ê; rgj, iud.ï f,i;a ;j;a f,ilska Ok l=fõrhka lrk
f.dú;eka wm ±l we;af;uq' wid we;af;uq' YS% ,xldj we;=¿ wdishd;sl
rgj, uyd mßudK f.dú iud.ï yd f.dùka we;s w;r nyq,j isákqfha
wlalr 1$4 isg wlalr 5 yd 10 olajd j.d lrk f.dùka h' fuysÈ uyd
mßudK f.dùka yd iud.ï wiajekak .ek is;ñka mdßfNda.slhska
ms<sn`oj fkdis;ñka nj fnda.j, weiajekafka m%udKh jeä lr .ekSu
i`oyd lD;s%u fhojqï jeä lrñka fnda. j.d lf<a h' fuu j.dj ;=<
wiajekafka m%udKd;aul nj jeä jq w;r ndysr fmkSu iqkaor úh' tkuq;a
fuu wiajekafka .=Kd;aulNdjh msßys ;snqKs' tkï tu msßySu jQfha tu
wiajekak ;=< lD;s%u lDIs ridhk tkï tu fmdfydr" lDñkdYl" j,a
kdYl" È,Sr kdYl yd wiajekak l,a ;nd .ekSu i`oyd fhdojd kùk
ridhksl øjH ksid tajd mdßfNdackh lrk <ud <mákaf.a isg jeäysáhka

• 262 •
 olajd úúO f,v frda.j,g n`ÿka ùu ksid iudch f,v ùuh' tu
ksid iudch ñksia m%cdj Wmhk Okh Tjqkaf.a uQ,sl Ôj;a ùfï wjYH;d
imqrd .ekSu fjkqjg Tjqkaf.a fi!LH wjYH;d fjkqfjka fhoùug isÿùu
ksid wdishd;sl f.dùka yd wvq wdodhï ,nk ck m%cdj È.ska È.gu
fi!LH .eg¨j,g uqyqK ÿka w;r Tjqkaf.a È<s`ÿNdjh tkï ÿmam;alug
f.dÿre ùfï bvlv by< .sfha h'

f,dj jik ish¨u f.dùka f.dú;eka lrk nj wms oksuq' tf,iu" YS%
,xldfõ lDIs ixialD;sh ^Agriculture& ;=< YS% ,dxlSh f.dùka o j.d
lrk nj wms ±lafluq' wo;a olsñka isáuq' bÈßhg;a wmg;a ¥ orejkag;a
±lSug yels yels fõhehs is;uq' YS% ,xldfõ lDIs ixialD;sh ;=< f.dv uv
f.dú;ek f,i j¾. lsÍug;a w;S;fha isg ±lsh yel' uv f.dú;efka
fhfokafka fndfyda úg ù f.dùka h' kuq;a Tjqka o h, lkakhg l=l=<ka
tkjdhehs hkqfjka f.dv ù f.dú;eka lrhs' óg wu;rj ´úá f.dú;ek"
fyaka f.dú;ek" f.j;= j.dj f,i f.dú;eka l%u lsysmhla YS% ,xldj ;=<
±lsh yelsh' f.j;a; .;a; o Wvrg f.j;a; f,i;a ixúOdkh jq f.j;=
j.d rgdjla o .d,a," uykqjr" l=reKE., yd ud;f,a Èidjkaf.a ±lsh
yelsh' w;S;fha by; f.dú;eka i`oyd lD;s%uj ksmojq fmdfydr j¾.
tkï" hQßhd" ähqfrÜ T*a fmdgEIa wd§ fmdfydr Ndú; fkdl< w;r j,a
kdYl" lDñ kdYl yd È,Sr kdYl lD;s%u Èhr fmdfydr jvd Ndú; lf<a
ke;' tu lDIs ridhk furg wdl%uKh lf<a 1972 j¾Ifha yß; úma,jhla
iu`.h' 1972 yß; úma,jhg m%:u furg jQfha fidndoyfï f.dú;ekh'
fidnd oyu ñksiqka fkdue;sj f.dú;eka lrk nj wms fkdokafkuq'
ke;akï YS% ,xldfõ jdih lrk ck;djf.ka w;f,diaila ±k isák
wmg ks.ukh l< yel' fidndoyfï f.dú;ek wm rfÜ ck;dj ±l
;sfí' tfy;a Tjqka th wjfndaO lr fkd.;af;a h' tkï jkdka;rj,
Ôjh meje;Su fidnd oyfï f.dú;ek f,i wmg y`ÿkajd Èh yelsh'
tu f.dú;efka wmQ¾j;u isxyrdch" ks,a.,a ;,dj" n,xf.dv rcjl
jkdka;rh" kdjq, l=udr., jkdka;rh" ßá., jkdka;rh yd ks,a.,
odks., jkdka;rh" fk,a,s lef,a jeks iajNdúl jkdka;rj,ska wmg
bf.k .; yelsh' tu jkdka;rj, m<;=re j¾." w, j¾. wdydrhg
.; yels u,a j¾." o¿ j¾. fndfyda úh' tjlg lD;s%u ridhksl j¾.
,nd ÿka lsisfjl= isáfha ke;' tajdg wjYH fmdaIK rih ,nd ÿkafka
fidndoyuh' fuu fidndoyfï ls%hdldß;ajh tu fidndoyfï uQ,O¾u
kùk úoHdj fkdi,ld yeÍula ke;akï wu;l l< njla wmg fmfka'

• 263 •
fidndoyu ke;akï N+ñh ;=< jQ Ôùkaf.a ls%hdldß;ajh uyd Ôùkaf.a
odhl;ajh fnda. m%cdjf.a ñY% ùu ;=<ska ks¾udKh jk fnda. úúO;ajh"
cdk úúO;ajh" fmdaIK úúO;ajh hk lrKq u; f.dvkef.k wdydr
fnda. ixialD;sh wm wu;l lr oud we;'

wm úiska wu;l l< YS% ,xldfõ merKs uq;=ka ñ;a;ka isÿ l< fidndoyfï
mdßirl f.dú;ek kej; iudc .; lsÍfï ,d cmdkh ta'tÉ'whs ^AHI&
wdh;kh yd YS% ,xldfõ cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh taldnoaOj jhT
m<df;a mq;a;,u Èia;s%lalfha lrej,.ia jej m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdifha
2000 jif¾ wdrïN l< PIADS uyck iyNd.s;aj m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok
l%ufõo f.dvke.Sfï ls%hdj,shg iu.dój" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrfha cd;sl le`ojqïldr;=uka jk y¾uka l=udr uy;df.a ixl,amhla
wkqj YS% ,xldfõ mqyqKq ixÑ;fha idudðlhskaf.a odhl;ajfhka 2002 jif¾
kS,neïu kS, yß; ldnksl f.dúm, wdrïN úh'

kS, neïn kS, yß; f.dúm, wdrïNl f;audj f,i ñksid fN!;sl
jYfhka muKla fkdj wdOHd;añl jYfhka f.dvke.Su i`oyd mqoa.,hdg
Y%oaOdj fuka u m%{dj o ,nd §u i`oyd úYajfha mj;sk idïm%odhsl
±kqu úYAjdfha mj;sk úYAjdi yd weoys,s l%u"l=i,;d tlafldg nj fnda.
j.dj i`oyd idïm%odhsl mdßißl lDIs l¾udka;h fkdj mdßißl lDIs
ld¾udka;hla ìys lsßfï,d f.dvke.=kq kS, neïu kS, yß; f.dúmf,a
wdrïNh fõ'

kS, yß; f.dúm, wdrïNfha§ mqyqKq ixúOdkh f,i lrej,.ia jej

m%foaYfha f.dùka uqyqK fok f.dú;ek wdYs%; m%Odk .eg¨ y`ÿkd.ekSu
uQ,slj isÿ lrk ,§' tysÈ f.dùka f.dú;ekg wjYH"

1. f.dú;ekg fhdod .kakd bvï kS;Hkql=, fkdùu'

2. f.dú;ekg wjYH c,h fkdue;s ùu'

3. l,g fõ,djg wjYH ;dCIKh fkdue;sùu'

4. j.d kv;a;=j" wiajkq fk,Su" miq wiajkq ieliSu iy wiajkq

wf,úh ms<sn`oj ksis l=i,;djhla yd ±kqula f.dùka i;= fkdùu'

5. wiajkq kshñ; ñ,lg wf,ú lr .ekSfï fkdyelshdj'

• 264 •
 6. fnda. j.dj i`oyd fhdok fhojqï yd Y%uh ld,h i`oyd wiajkq
wf,úfha§ ksis ñ,la fkd,eîu ksid f.dùka wirK ùu'

7. j.dj,g ks;r j,a §,Srkaf.ka yd j,a i;=kaf.ka jk ydksh'

lrej,.iajej m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdih ;=< msysá m¿.ia jej" ;ífndaj

wd§ .ïudkj, f.dú;eka lghq;= i`oyd fidndoyfï mdßißl f.dú;ek
y`ÿkajd foñka f.dv f.dú;ek uv f.dú;ek yd f.j;= j.djg flï l%u
fldïfmdaiaÜ ksIamdokh kel;a Ndú;h ñY% fnda. j.dj ldnksl lDñ
md,k l%u jeks foa ms<sn`oj lrej,.ia jej m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdifha
f.dùka" f.ú,shka" mdi,a orejka yd ks,OdÍka ±kqj;a lsÍu yd Bg wod<j
úúO lDIs ixialD;sl mqyqKq meje;aùu kS, neïu yß; ldnksl f.dúmf,a
§ isÿ lrk ,§' fuysÈ"

2004 jif¾§ kS, yß; f.dúm, u`.ska jeõ ;djq,a rCIs; ixrCIKh yd
;srir mßißl Ndú;h i`oyd m%cdj fhduq lrùu' tu jif¾§u w,s ñksia
.egqu wju lsßu i`oyd f.dú kdhlhska iu`. lghq;= lsÍu' ldnksl
f.dúhd i`oyd m%cd Yla;s ixj¾Ok moku yd wfkl=;a rdcH fkdjk
ixúOdk ±kqj;a lsÍu yd m%dfhda.sl f.j;= mdrïmßl f.dú;eka l%u
wdrïN lsÍu yd ÈhqKq lsÍu'

2005 jif¾§ ldnksl f.dú;ek mdrïmßl ù f.dú;ek f.dv ke.Su

i`oyd jeä wjOdkh fhduq lrñka ;ífndaj c,dY l<ukdlrKh lñgq
f.dvke.Su' tu jif¾§u wf.daia;= ui ;reK lñgq yd ;reK jHdmdrh
Yla;su;a lrñka ldnksl f.dú mqyqKq kS,neïu kS, yß; f.dúmf,a§
wdrïN lsÍu'

2006 jif¾§ ldnksl f.j;= lrej,.ia jej m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdifha§

Èh;a lsÍu'

2007 jif¾§ fmnrjdß ui kS, yß; Whk yryd iEu uilu ldnksl
f.dú;ek ms<sn`oj .%dóh lKavdhï ±kqj;a lsÍu yd ldnksl f.dú
tluq;=j f.dvke.Su yd Yla;su;a lsÍu' tu jif¾§ ldnksl f.dú;efka
ksIamdok wf,úie,la id,sh jej ia:dms; lsÍu'

• 265 •
tu jif¾ fkdjeïn¾ ui wdydr iqrCIs;;djh yd iaffjÍ;ajh ms<sn`oj
mQ¾j ±kqj;a lrñka bÈßfha we;s jk wdydr w¾nqohg ms<shï fh§u yd
ck;djg th ch .; yels wdlrh ms<sn`oj ±kqj;a lsÍu'

2008 jif¾§ ldnksl fj<`ofmd, f.dvke.Su i`oyd m%cd Yla;s moku

úiska ldnksl f.dú ksIamdok wf,ú ie,la újD; lsÍu yd mj;ajdf.k
hEu'

2010 jif¾§ m%;sixialrKh l< jeõj, f.dùka iu`. ldnksl f.j;=

j.d m%p,s; lsÍu"

kS, neïu kS, yß; ldnksl f.dú mqyqKq uOHia:dkfha mqyqKqj yd u`.
fmkaùu u; 2010 jir jk úg mdßißl lDIs l¾udka;fha fhÿKq f.dùka
f.ú,shka iy mdi,a orejka i`oyd ldnksl f.j;= 500 wdikak ixLHdjla
lrej,.ia jej m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdifha ;=< ;snQ w;r cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha m%dfhda.sl lDIs mqyqKq uOHia:dkh yd wdo¾Y
kS, yß; kS, neïu f.dúm, yryd mqyqKq lsÍu isÿ lrkq ,nhs' óg
wu;rj rdcH ks,OdÍka" fmr mdi,a .=rejreka" f.dùka"f.ú,shka iy
mdi,a orejka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha Èia;s%la lKavdhïj,g
o úúO wjia:dj,§ ldnksl f.dú;ek ms<sn`oj b.ekajq u`.fmkajq mqyqKq
uOHia:dkhla f,i kS, neïu kS, yß; lDIs mqyqKq uOHia:dkh fmkajd
Èh yel'

wfYdal lreKdr;ak uy;d

• 266 •
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha 25 .uka u`. ms<sn`oj ck
woyia

uu tka'ù'iqn%ukshï' W;=re m<d;a ëjrhskaf.a

tl;=fõ ysgmq iNdm;s' cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh miq.sh jir 25 mqrdjg ck;d fiajh
yd ck wr.,h bÈßhg f.k .shd' 2003
hdmkhg wdj cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh
2011 jif¾ W;=re m<d;a ëjrhskaf.a tl;=j
f.dvke.=jd' ta wkqj miq.sh jir 12 ;=< fuu
tl;=j úYd, mßj¾;khg ,la fj,d ;sfhkjd'
thg Yla;shla jQfha cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhhs' miq.sh cQ,s
ui 08 jk Èk 25 ixj;airh iur,d ;sfhkjd' wms Tjqkag yoj;ska iqn
m;kjd' 1972 isg ëjr ck;djf.a .eg¨j,g mqoa.,fhl= yeáhg udf.a
j¾Okhg cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh úYd, Yla;shla fj,d
;sfhkjd' tajdf.au W;=re m<d;a ëjr tl;=j iu`. uf.a .ukla hkakg
udj j¾Okh lr,d ;sfhkjd'

uu uqr,sorka' W;=re m<d;a êjrhkaf.a tl;=fõ

uyd iNdfõ idudðlfhl= f,i jir 08 la
mqrdjg lghq;= lrkjd' ta wkqj cd;sl êjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh tod mgka ëjrhska uqyqK
fok .eg¨ Ôjk ud¾. bka§h ëjrhskaf.a .
eg¨ we;=¿ fndfyda .eg¨j,g y`v k`.k uyd
ixúOdkhla f,i cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh lghq;= lrkjd'

uu rdcd lDDia ' uka k dru Èia ; s % l a ëjr

ix.ufha iNdm;s ' cd;s l ëjr iyfhda . s ; d
jHdmdrh miq . s h 08 fjks o d jir 25la miq
l<d' miq . s h jir 12 wmf.a .uk id¾:lj
bÈßhg hkjd' ;jÿrg;a wmg Tjqkaf.a
iyfhda.h wjYHhs'

• 267 •
 uf.a ku {dk m%ldiï wuf,dÜmjï' W;=re
m<d;a êjrhskaf.a tl;=fõ idudÔldjla'
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh miq.sh
jir 11 ;siafia W;=re m<d;a ëjrhskaf.a
tl;=j iu`. lghq;= lrkjd'

uu 2002 jif¾§ cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d

jHdmdrh iu`. tl;= ù wo jk ;=re ls%hdldßj
jev lghq;= lrhs' cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iuia; YS% ,xldj
;=< ëjrhska úfYAIfhka iq¿ mkak ëjrhska uqyqK fok .eg¨ Wfoid
úúO ls%hdldrlï Èh;a lrhs' tfiau W;=re m<df;a iq¿ ëjrhska
uqyqK fok .eg¨ úi`§u i`oyd fkdfhl=;a ls%hdldrlï ls%hd;aul
lrñka isá tla wjia:djl§ cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh úiska
2011 j¾Ifha§ W;=re m<d;a ëjrhskaf.a tl;=j ìys lrhs'

uf.a ku uoiS,ka iq.ka;s' uu W;=re m<d;a

ëjrhskaf.a tl;=fõ uq,;sõ Èia;s%la ldka;d
ksfhdaÔ;jßh f,i lghq;= lrkjd' miq.sh
jir 10 la mqrdjg wms fuu tl;=j ls%hd;aul
lrkjd' jir 25 la iurk kemafida wdh;kh
wmg Woõ l<d' wms bÈßhg;a ls%hd;aul ùu
i`oyd fuu ixúOdkh wmg Woõ l< hq;=hs'

uu ks¾u,d m%kdkaÿ' uu bkafka uqkaklalrfha'

ug ldka;djla úÈyg bÈßhg hkak Yla;sh
,enqfKa ke*afida tl yskaod ;uhs' wo uu fï
;ek bkafka ke*afida yskaod ;uhs'

• 268 •
uu mshßkd ks,ka;s' uu bkafka uqkaklrfha'
uf.a Ôú;hg f,dl=u Yla;shla jqfKa f,dl=u
Woõ lf<a ke*afida'

uu ußhfrdaia lu,d' uu bkafka uqkaklrfha'

ug nh ke;sj l;d lrkak iudchg .sys,a,d
l;d lrkak ±kqj;a ùï lf<a iajhx /lshd
mqyqKq§,d wmsj Yla;su;a lf<a ke*afida
wdh;khhs'

uf.a ku mshßkd mSßia' uu bkafka uqkaklrfha'

ëjr m%Yak .ek l;d lrkak ug Yla;shla
,enqfKa ke*afida tl ksihs'

uf.a ku ufyaIajß m%kdkaÿ' uu bkafka

uqkaklrfha' iEu fohgu bÈßm;a fjkak
Yla;shla jqfka ke*afida wdh;khhs'

• 269 •
uf.a ku ,CIsud ldu,a m%kdkaÿ' uu bkafka
uqkaklrfha' wmsg bÈßhg hkak f,dl= Yla;shla
ke*afida tl ksid wmsg ,enqKd

uf.a ku BYajß m%kdkaÿ' uu bkafka

uqkaklalrfha' yeka.s,d ysáh wmsg bÈßhg
weú,a,d l;d lrkak Yla;shla jqfKa ke*afida
wdh;kh ksihs'

uf.a ku iqis m% kdkaÿ ' uu bkafka

uq k a k la l rfha' ldka; d kdhl;ajh .ek ug
f,dl= wjfndaOhla yd Yla; sh la ,enqfKa
ke*a fida tl ksihs'

uf.a ku f.%aia ueä,avd' uu bkafka lfvd,alef,a'

ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh uf.a Èúhg
w;aje,la jqKd'

• 270 •
pkaøsld udfk,a' uu bkafka ;s%l=Kdu,fha
l,a,rdj' Èia;s%la ëjr lïlre jD;a;Sh iñ;sh
f,alï yd cd;sl ëjr jD;a;Sh iñ;s f,alï"
wfma Èia;s%lalh ;=< ;sfhk ëjr m%Yak úi`o
.kak ke*afida wdh;kh wmsg f,dl= Yla;shla
jqKd'

uf.a ku fiõñKs jkakswdrÉÑ' uu fudkrd.,

Èia;s%lalfha my< uÿrej .ïudkfha Ôj;a fjkafka'
li, l<ukdlrKh ;=<ska mdßißl f.j;a;
ks¾udKh lr .ekSug jf.au wdydr iqrCIs;;djh
f.dvke.Sug wjYH ±kqu uu ,nd.;af;a cd;sl
êjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfhka'

uu ne`ÿfKa 2009 tod boka wo olajd ,nd ÿka ±kqu

wkka;hs wm%udKhs' ëjrhd fjkqfjka Wiiau
jevigyka mj;ajmq tlu ixúOdkh fï nj ug
jegyqKd' uu bkafka ;s%l=Kdu,h iuqød.u' iqkdñ
jHikfhka wmsg f.dvla Woõ lf<a ke*afida
wdh;khhs'

uu iqrx.s jdikd' uu bkafka ud;r' 2019 j¾Ifha

cmdkh hkak wjia:djla ,enqKd' tal ug ,enqKq
ch.%yKhla f,i uu olskjd' ta ;=<ska uu úYd,
w;a±lSï iuqodhla ,nd .;a;d' wfma .%dufha
ldka;djkag ta w;a±lSï ,nd ÿkakd' cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh uf.a
jHdmdrj,g f.dvla Woõ l<d'

• 271 •
uu ,ix.d i`oñKs' ol=fKa ëjr ixúOdkh .d,a,
Èia;s%lalh' mßirh yd iudc fjkila i`oyd jq
;reK jHdmdrfha idudÔldjla' uf.a Ôú;hg
f,dl= w;a±lSï m%udKhla fï yryd ,enqKd'
iudcfha Ôj;a fjk úúO mqoa.,hka iu`. jev
lrkafka fldfyduo lshk tl bf.k .;a;d' jk
úkdYh yd mßirh ¥IKhg tfrysj ls%hd lrkak
ug Yla;sh ,enqKd'

uu mqxÑrd, fidauisß' mdku m;a;=j iq/lSfï

ixúOdkfha m%Odk ixúOdhl' mdku m;a;=fõ
;sfnk bvï ëjr yd mßir fjkqfjka ueÈy;a ùï
lrkafka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhhs'

• 272 •
 iqkdñfhka miq h<s f.dvke.Sug w; ÿka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.;
s d jHdmdrh

fï jk úg iqkdñ hkak idudkH jpkhla njg m;aj ;snqK o" 2004 foieïn¾
ui 24 miqj f.ù .sh jljdkqj ;=< —iqkdñ˜ hk jpkh ck;djg f.k
ÿkafka" NS;sh okjk" wñysß ye`.suls' 2004 jif¾ foieïn¾ ui 26 fmr"
iqkdñh hkak" fmdÿ ck;dj w;r m%p,s; jkakla fkdùh' fn!oaO b;sydifha
fujeks isÿùula ms<sn`oj jd¾;djla we;s w;r" ta ms<sn`oj wjfndaOhla iys;
ck;dj iSñ; msßils'

1994 foieïn¾ 26" tkï k;a;,g miqÈk ck;dj k;a;,a WKqiqu;a iu`.
.; ld,h iSud lrñka" uyd fÄojdplhla we;s lrjñka" iqkdñ r< YS% ,xld
N+ñhg lvd jeÿKy' fuu jHikh yryd 35"000 jeä ck;djla" uy;a
fÄokSh u;lhla b;sß lrñka" wm w;ßka fjka j .shy' fuu fÄokSh isÿùu
ms<sn`oj j.lsj hq;= wxYhla ksis wjOdkhla" fkdisá nj" miqj wkdjrKh
jq lreKls' c;Hka;rfha wdh;khla fuu isÿùu ms<sn`oj f;dr;=re ;dCIK
l%ufõohla yryd yqjudre lr ;snqK o" YS% ,xldfõ tu wxYhkays lghq;=
l<" ks,OdÍka ta ms<sn`oj ksis wjOdkhla fhduq lr fkd;snqKs' ta ;;a;ajh
iod isysm;a lr ;eìh hq;= lghq;a;ls'

fuu iqkdñ fÄojdplh;a iu`. Ôú; 35"000 lg jeä msßila ñh .sh w;r"
,CI ixLHd; ck fldgila úm;g m;a jQy' 2004 fkdjeïn¾ 26" YS% ,xldj
tlu u, f.hla njg m;a jQy'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" Èia;s%lal 15 mqrd" tysÈ ls%hd;aul

ixúOdkhla f,i" we;sjq úkdYh;a" úm;g m;a ck;dj" i`oyd iyk ie,iSï
lghq;a; i`oyd wj;S¾K jQy' úfYAIfhka j.lSula iys; isú,a ixúOdkhla
f,i ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh" ixúOdkh yd noaO idudÔl ck;dj fuka u
ta wdYs%; isú,a ck;dj kej; mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍu i`oyd úYd, jevigykla
iys;j" m%n, odhl;ajhla ,nd ÿkay'

2004 foieïn¾ 26 jk Èk" c;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfhys ld¾hxY

lKavdhu yd ls%hdldÍka k;a;,a ksjdvq f.dia isá w;r fï fÄojdplh
isÿùu;a iu`." cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfhys ish¨ ls%hdldÍka we;s
jq yÈis ;;a;ajh u; ksjdvq wj,x.= lr ld¾hxYhg /ia jQy' cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh yd ióm wfkl=;a isú,a ixúOdk taldnoaOj"

• 273 •
we;s ù we;s ;;a;ajh ms<sn`oj idlÉPd lr fláld,Sk jev ms<sfj,la
f.dvk.d .;ay' tkï"

1. iqkdñfhka úm;g m;a ck;dj fj; läkñka ,nd Èh hq;= myiqlï ,nd
§u'

2. ms<silr l< yels hd;%d" wdïmkak w¨;ajeähd lrñka" ëjr ck;dj" ëjr
l¾udka;hg fhduq lsÍu yd wfkl=;a ck;dj yd Tjqka kshe¿Kq l¾udka;
fj; fhduq lsÍu'

3. uq¿ukskau úkdY jq ksjdi" hd;%d" ±,a wdïmkak fjkqjg" kj ksjdi" hd;%d

iy ±,a wdïmkak ,nd foñka" Tjqka o idudkH ;;a;ajhg m;a lsÍu'

4. m%;sm;a;s n,mEï jHdmdrh

fuu mshjr mokï lr .ksñka" m<uq mshjrfha§" úm;g m;a ck;dj i`oyd
wjYH uQ,sl øjH ,nd §u" Tjqkag ;djld,sl kjd;eka fj; fhduq lsÍu" wjYH
ffjoH myiqlï iy WmfoaYk fiajd ,nd §u isÿ úh' uQ,sl jYfhka úh<s
wdydr øjH" wdydr msiSu i`oyd jk WmlrK" ;djld,sl l+vdrï ,nd §u isÿ
lrk ,§' fuu lghq;= i`oyd Èia;s%la ls%hdldÍkaf.a mQ¾K iyfhda.h ,nd fok
,§' tfukau wfkl=;a ixúOdk" ck;d ls%hdldÍka" iafjÉPd ls%hdldÍka mQ¾K
f,i iyh jq w;r" rdcH ks,OdÍka iu`. iïnkaêlrKh mj;ajd .;ay'

fojk mshjr hgf;a mq¿,a jev fldgila i`oyd odhl jQy' úm;g m;a
ck;dj kej; ;u ksjdi fj; fhduq lsÍu" kej; ;u l¾udka;hla i`oyd
fhduq lsÍu fï yryd isÿ úh' ksjdi msßisÿ lsÍu" ëjr hd;%d w¨;ajeähd
lsÍu" kj l¾udka;hla i`oyd mqyK q j
q " ±kqu" uQ,H wdOdr ,nd §u o isÿ úh'
tfukau fuu jevms<f s j, iu`. noaOj" m%;s n,mEï lsh % dj,sh o wLKavj
isÿ úh' úfYAIfhka ck;djf.a whs;j s dislï wdrCId lsÍu i`oyd jq rcfha
j.lSu yd ueÈy;a ùu ms<n s `oj n,mEï lsh % dj,sh yryd" bÈßhgu f.k hk
,§' iqkdñh;a iu`. rch fjr< wdrCIl l,dmhla m%ldYhg m;a l< w;r
ta yryd ck;djf.a idïm%odhsl" whs;h s la jq N=l;a f
s ha ysñlu" m%fõYhg we;s
whs;hs iSud jQy' rcfha iyk jevms<f s j, meje;s wl%ñl;d fmkajd foñka"
rchg n,mEï lsÍfï lsh % dj,shla o fï w;r isÿúh'

• 274 •
ksjdi msßisÿ lsÍu" c, <sx msßisÿ lsÍu yd wirK ck;djg wjYH øjH"
WmlrK we;=¿ ksjil wjYH Wmdx. ,nd §u" i`oyd" cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh iu`. yjq,aldr ixúOdk o ueÈy;a jQy' iafjÉPdfjka bÈßm;a jq
msßia" úm;g m;a ck;djg Wmldr lsÍu i`oyd ueÈy;a jQy'

ta wkqj" hd;%d we;=¿ ëjr wdïmkak w¨;ajeähd lsÍu yd w¨;ska hd;%d

ksIamdokh i`oy ud;r" .d,a, iy wïmdr hk Èia;s%lal mokïj hd;%d
w¨;ajeähdj yd ksIamdokh i`oyd jk uOHia:dk wdrïN l<y' tysÈ uQ,sl
mshjr§ hd;%d w¨;ajeähd lsÍu isÿ l<y' wdydr msiSu i`oyd uq¿;ekaf.hs
ish¨ WmlrK m%;s,dNSkag ,nd ÿkay' ta w;r;=r ld,fha § udkisl WmfoaYk
fiajd ,nd §u" frda.S ck;dj fj; T!IO ,nd §u o isÿ úh'

úúO l¾udka; ms<sn`oj mqyqKq" Odß;d j¾Ok jevigyka" ls%hd;aul l<

w;r b;sß lsÍï ms<sn`o ±kqu ,nd §u o isÿ úh' ta wkqj wdodhï W;amdok
jevigyka" miq wiajkq ;dCIKsl mqyqKq" fj<`ofmd, f.dvke.Su" i;a;aj
md,kh" Odß;d j¾Ok jevigyka" j;= j.dj" jHjidhl;ajh ms<sn`o mqyqKq"
inka ksIamdokh" w;alï ks¾udK" n;sla l¾udka;h" frÈ ueiSu" fldaäh,a
ksIamdokh" mmvï ksIamdokh" fldyq wdYs%; ksIamdok we;=¿ úúO wdodhï
W;amdok ls%hdj,s ms<sn`oj ±kqu" mqyqKqj fuka u tajd ls%hd;aul lsÍu i`oyd
uQ,sl wdOdr o ,nd fok ,§'

2007 jir jk úg" ck;d n,mEï lsÍfï mshjr f,i" cd;sl ëjr ck;d
jHdmdrh f.dvke.Su ^NFPU& uyck ie,iqï fldñiu msysgqùu yryd mj;sk
iqkdñ mqkre;a:dmk jevms<sfj, ms<sn`o ;lafiare lsÍu" ;reK kdhl;ajh
f.dvke.Su" ia;S%ka yd mqreIhka i`oyd iudc whs;Ska ms<sn`oj n,mEï lsÍu"
;srir ëjr m%;sm;a;shla f.dvke.Su i`oyd n,mEï lsÍu" wd§ jYfhka
ueÈy;aùï úúO ÈYdk;sj,ska isÿjqKs'

tfukau f,dal ëjr ck;d iïfï,kh yryd m%xYfha meje;s COPI iuq¿fõoS"
iqkdñ úm;ska ck;dj uqod .ekSfï lsh
% dj,sh ms<n
s `oj ixjdohg .;a w;r"
cd;Hka;r f,i iqkdñ mqkre;a:dmk jevms<f
s j, ms<ns `oj wjOdkh ,nd .;ay'

kj hd;%d" tkaðka" ±,a yd ksjdi ,nd§fï jevms<sfj, hgf;a" ixúOdkfha

mj;ajdf.k .sh hd;%d bÈlsÍï uOHia:dk yd msg;ska ñ,§ .ekSu wkqj kj
tlaÈk hd;%d 450 f;dard .;a ck;dj ,nd ÿkay' tfukau tkaðka 545 o" odï
lÜg, 605 yd ud ±,a 17 ëjr ck;djg ,nd ÿkay' tfukau kj ksjdi 121
wïmdr" .d,a," ud;r yd l¿;r hk Èia;s%lal i`oyd ,nd ÿkay'
• 275 •
iqkdñfhka úm;g m;a ck;dj kej; mqkre;a:dmk lsÍu i`oyd mshjr hgf;a
ls%hd;aul l< w;r" wd¾Ól jYfhka Tijd ;eîu bka uQ,sl mshjr jq w;r"
whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka bÈßhg tk ck;dj f,i" n,i;= lsÍu i`oyd uQ,sl
mshjr .;ay' Èia;s%la ixúOdk f,i o Tjqka lemS fmfkk j¾Okhla w;am;a
lr .;a w;r" úYd, idudðlhka ixLHdjla Èia;s%la ixúOdk jgd talrdYs jQy'
tysÈ ldka;d wxYh j¾Okh jq w;r" ;reK ls%hdldß;ajh o lemS fmfkk
f,i j¾Okh jQy'

fuu ls%hdj,sfha§ wNsfhda.j,g o uqyqK ÿka w;r" uyskao rdcmCI rch 2005
;%ia;jdoh je,elaùfï mk; n,d;aul lsÍu yryd rchg n,mEï lrk
isú,a ixúOdk u¾okh lsÍu i`oyd o th Ndú; l<y' rch n,mEï lrk
isú,a ixúOdk" ck;d lKavdhï" fou< B<dï úuqla;s fldá ixúOdkfha
mCImd;s lKavdhï f,i yqjd olajñka" u¾okh i`oyd mshjr .kakd ,§'
flfia jqj;a cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh j.lSula iys; ixúOdkhla
f,i" iqkdñfhka úm;g m;a ck;dj kej; mqkre;a:dmkh i`oyd m%uqL
ld¾hNd¾hla bgq l<y'

iqkdñ jHikfhka wirKjq ck;dj i`oyd iqkdñ .ïudk bÈ lsÍu cd;sl

ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrh ,;a iqúfYAIs ch.%yKhla f,i i`oyka l< yel'
ta wkqj l¿;r Èia;l %s l
a fha yd wïmdr Èia;l%s l
a fha iqkdñ .ïudk fï w;r
iqúfYAIs ;ekla .kS' iqkdñfhka mSvdjg m;a ck;djf.a Ôjk ud¾. k.d isgù q u
i`oyd cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.; s d jHdmdrh w;ys; ÿka wdldrh my; i`oyka
PhdrEmj,ska ±lafõ'

• 276 •
iajhx /lshd i|yd mqyqKq ,nd §u fndaÜgq w¨;ajeähd lsÍu
iïnkaOfhka

miq wiajkq ;dCIKh ms<sn`oj mqyqKq ,nd §u

• 277 •
 fndaÜgq ,nd §u

ud ±,a" Tre iy ±,a ,nd §u

idudðlhska fj; Tre iy ±,a ,nd §u

• 278 •
2005k; Mz;L Rdhkp tPl;Lj;jpl;lj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l 63
tPLfspd;
jw;Nghija epiy

• 279 •
• 280 •
l¿;r osia;s%la iqkdñ .ïudkh

2004 j¾Ifha isÿjq wjikdjka; iqkdñ jHikfhka wysñ jq Ôú; yd

foam, úkdYh o furg wd¾Ólhg isÿ jq m%n, fÄojdplh fuhehs i`oyka
l< fkdyel' fï khska n,k l< iqkdñfhka isÿ jq ±jeka; úkdYh ëjr
ck;djg fuka u Tjqkaf.a Ôjk jD;a;shg o m%n, f,i n,mE w;r Tjqkaf.a
tÈfkod Ôú;hg ;¾ckhla úh' flfia fj;;a iqkdñfhka úm;g m;a ëjr
yd idudkH ck;djf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh úYd, mßydKshg ,la úh' úfYAIfhka
fjr<nv m%foaYj, msysá fndfyda há;, myiqlï iqkdñh ksid úkdY úh'
flfia fj;;a fuf,i úkdY ù .sh ëjr m%cdjf.a iïm;a yd há;, myiqlï
läkñka h<s m%;sixialrKh lsÍug iy w¨;ska we;s lsÍug cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh b;d fõ.j;aj lghq;= lr we;' iqkdñfhka úYd,
n,mEula iy ydks isÿ jq Èia;s%lalhla f,i l¿;r Èia;s%lalh y`ÿkd.ksñka
tu ck;djg iyk ie,iSug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh tjlg lghq;=
lrk ,§' úfYAIfhka iqkdñh ksid l¿;r Èia;s%lalfha ëjr .ïudk /ila
úkdYhg m;a jq w;r idudkH ck;djf.a fukau ëjr mjq,aj, lnf,ka ,smg
jegqKs' iqkdñfhka úkdY ù .sh ish ëjr l¾udka;h kej; f.dvkkajd
wl¾ukH jq ish Èúh kej; wdrïN lsÍug Tjqka yg m%:ufhka Yla;shla yd
w;aje,la iemjQfha cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhhs'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iqkdñh fya;=fjka úkdYhg m;a jq l¿;r

Èia;s%la isxy.u m%;sixialrKh lr Welcome Village f,i tu .ïudkh kï
fldg idudkH ck;djf.a w;g m;a lsÍug lghq;= i,iajk ,§' úfYAIfhka
iqkdñh ksid wj;eka jq idudkH ck;dj i`oyd ksjdi 32 bÈ fldg Tjqka
tys mÈxÑ lsÍuu cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ,;a ch.%yKhla fia
ye`Èkaúh yel' fojk iqkdñh .ïudkh f,i fyak fírej, .ïudkh bÈ
lrk ,§' wo jk úg fuu iqkdñ .ïudkfha mjq,a 08 muK isá;s' cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh úiska iqkdñfhka úm;g m;a l¿;r ck;djg
úfYAIfhka iqkdñfhka úkdY ù .sh ±,a" ëjr fndaÜgq iy ëjr wdïmkak
fuka u wekaðka iys; fndaÜgq ,nd foñka úkdY ù .sh ëjr l¾udka;h
kej; h:d ;;a;ajhg m;a lsÍug ish iyh ,nd fok ,§' ta wkqj cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh 2005 j¾Ifha fkdjeïn¾ ui 21 jk Èk f,dal ëjr Èk
ieureu l¿;r Èia;s%lalh flakaø lr.ksñka meje;aùu o fï iu.dój isÿ jq
jeo.;a isÿ úh' cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iqkdñh fya;=fjka úm;g
m;a ëjrhska muKal fkdj wOHdmkh yodrk jhfia miqjk ish¨u
• 281 •
ÿjd orejkag mdi,a WmlrK fï w;r mdi,a nE.a" fmd;a m;a" jjqp¾" ,nd ÿka
w;r .eìKs uõjreka i`oyd ish¨ ikSmdrCIl øjH Tjqka fj; imhd fokakg
lghq;= i,iajk ,§' tfukau" fuu iqkdñ .ïudk i`oyd úÿ,s myiqlï ,nd
§ug cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh lghq;= lrk ,§'

fï wdldrfhka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iqkdñh jeks iajdNdúl

wdmodj,§ ish yia;h È.= lrñka ck;dj fj; fhduq lrk ,§'

iqkdñ jHikfhka miq f.dvke.Sug w;ÿka

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh
l¿;r yd wïmdr

• 282 •
 cd;sl ldka;d iïfï,kfha iqNdYsxik
wdhqfndajka

meñKs .uka u`. úis jirla iurk cd;sl ëjr

iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg iqn Wmka Èkhla m;ñka
fufia igyka lr ;nkafkñ' jir úis myla mqrdjg
ljqre;a fkdolsk msßila fjkqfjka l< fufyh w;s
úYd,hs' tys tla u`.la jq cd;sl ëjr ldka;d
iïfï,kh yryd isÿ l< w;s uy;a h' W;=re
kef.kysr ol=K f,i tla lKavdhula f,i Èia;s%la
my<jla mqrdjg ldka;djka fjkqfjka" Tjqkag isÿ
jq widOdrK fjkqfjka fmkS isg 2014 jif¾ Wmka
cd;sl ëjr ldka;d iïfï,kh yryd fï olajd
k`.d isgjq ldka;djka w;s úYd,h' tu ldka;djka wd¾Ól" idudÔh" ixialD;s
iyd foaYdmd,ksl jYfhka n,i;= lsrSu i|yd ueosy;afjñka Tjqka Yla;su;a
tä;r ldka;djka njg m;a lrk ,§' tu ldka;djka i`oyd iudcfha wfkl=;a
ldka;djkaf.a whs;Ska fjkqfjka fmkS isàug Yla;sh imhk ,§' wd.ï" cd;s"
l=, fNaohlska f;drj isxy," uqia,Sï iy øúv ish¨ fokd wo tlg tlaj
ifydaor msßila f,i úúO jq ch.%yK ,nd we;' úfYaIfhka .%dñh uÜgfï
isg osia;%sla cd;sl iy cd;Hka;r uÜgñka l%shd;aul fjñka ldka;djka jk
wm w;r ie`.j ;snq Yla;sh u;= lrñka bÈßh o úYd, fjkilg u`. i,iñka
isá' wo wms iEu w;skau Yla;su;a' òkEu wNsfhda.hg uqyqK §ug wms iQodkï'
fï u`. wmg újr lr ÿka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg" cd;sl ëjr
ldka;d iïfï,khg fï ld¾hh bÈßhg;a lr f.k hEug Yla;sh" ffO¾hh
iy jdikdj ,efíjdhs m;ñka cd;sl ldka;d iïfï,kfha iNdm;s;=ñh f,i
fufia iqNdYsxik tl;= lrñ'

fk¿ïld ùrlafldä uy;añh

iNdm;s;=ñh
cd;sl ldka;d iïfï,kh

• 283 •
 W;=re m<d;a ldka;d iïfï,kfha iqNdYsxik

jir 30 ld,hla mej;s l=rr s e hqoO

a h wjika ùfuka
miqj ldka;djka úYd, ixLHdjla .DyuQ,l s ;ajhg
m;aj iy wj;ekaj ldka;djka idudÔh" wd¾Òl
ixialD;sl yd foaYmd,ksl jYfhka fndfyda .eg¨j,g
uqyqK oSug is¥úh' tu .eg¿ j,g úi¥ï fiùu
i|yd ldka;djka n,.ekaùu i|yd cd;sl ëjr
iyfhda.S;d jHdmdrfha ldka;d wxYh úiska
ldka;djkaf.a kdhl;ajh f.dvk.ñka wm Yla;su;a
lrkq ,enqjd ta yryd wm .%dóh uÜñka iy osia;%sla ldka;d lñgq yryd
b;du;a Yla;su;a f,i l%shd;aul fjñka rdcH ks<OdÍka iuÕ idlÉPd lrñka
ixjdo lrñka fm;aiï ,nd foñka WoafoYk jHdmdr l%shd;aul fjñka bosßhg
hEfïoS W;=re m<df;a osia;%sla 05 u ldka;d kdhsldjka talrdYS lr lKavdhula
f,i l%shd;aul úfï jeo.;alu y÷kd.ksñka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.S;d
jHdmdrfha ldka;d wxYh u.ska 2019 oS W;=re m<d;a ldka;d iïfï,kh
wdrïN lrk ,§' cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh W;=re m<d;a ldka;d
iïfï,kh yryd mSvkhg m;a jq wfmau ldka;djkaj n, .kajñka úúO
l%shdldrlï l%shd;aul lrkq ,enqjd'

ud úfYaIfhka i|yka l< hq;= lreK kï wms wdrïNfha oS 2013 j¾IfhaoS

kdhl;ajh ,o lKavdhula jYfhka ls%hd;aul jk úg uu b;d ffO¾hjka;j
uf.a woyi bÈßm;a lsÍug" wm ieuf.a whs;sh fjkqfjka y`v k.kakg
Yla;sh iemjQfha cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhhs' wo jk úg ud yg
.%dñh uÜgñka osia;%sla uÜgñka kdhl;aj f.k tajdfha ;k;=re oerSug
wjia:dj ie,iqfõ cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha ldka;d jevigyk
ud by< kekajq bKsu`.la jeks h' fuu lreKq uf.a Ôú;fha wu;l lsÍug
fkdyels úfYaI ldrKdjls' ;j;a Ñrd;a ld,hla cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d
jHdmdrh wmg bKs u`.la ù wmj Yla;su;a lr bÈßhg f.k hñka wfma
whs;Ska oskd .ekSug lghq;= lsrSug Yla;sh ffO¾hh ,efnk f,i W;=re
m<d;a ldka;d iïfï,kh yryd iqn me;=ï tla lrñ'

Ígd jika;s
W;=re m<d;a ldka;d iïfï,kh
ukakdru Èia;s%lalh

• 284 •
 kef.kysr m<d;a ldka;d iïfï,kfha iqNdYsxik

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iu`. noaO jq cd;sl

ëjr ldka;d iïfï,kfha ksfhdaÔ;hska jk wms wïmdr"
uvl,mqj yd ;s%l=Kdu,h Èia;s%la ldka;d ixúOdkj,ska
ksfhdaÔ;hska taldnoaO jq ldka;d iïfï,khla ìys lr
we;af;uq' miq.sh 2021 jif¾ kef.kysr ldka;d
iïfï,kh ìys l< wms kef.kysr m<df;a ldka;djka
uqyqK fok whs;Ska yd Ôjfkdamdhg wod< .eg¨j,g
fkdfhla mshjr Èh;a lrkafkuq' fuu ls%hdldrïj,g wmg iyh jk cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ;u 25 jk ixj;airh meñfKk fkdjeïn¾ ui
20 jk Èk iurkq ,nhs' tuksid kef.kysr m<d;a ldka;d iïfï,kfha
ksfhdað;hska jYfhka wfma iqNdYsxikh yd m%Yxidj olajk w;r ;j;a jir
.Kkdjla fuu iudcfha fldka ù Èú f.jk ck;dj fjkqfjka fiajh
id¾:lj bÈßhgu f.k hkakg Yla;sh yd ffO¾hh ,efíjdhs m%d¾:kd lruq'

cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh iu`. taldnoaO ù Ôú;h wysñ lr fkdfhla

ÿIalr;d w;aúÈk ck;djf.a ksoyi i`oyd úfYAIfhka ldka;d whs;sjdislï
fjkqfjka kef.kysr ldka;d iïfï,kh wLKavj ls%hd lruq'

iskak;ïì iS;d
kef.kysr m<d;a ldka;d iïfï,kh

• 285 •
 W;=re m<d;a ldka;d yf`vys iqNdYsxik
YS% ,xldj jeks mS;D uQ,sl iudchla ;=< f.da,SlrKh
ls%hdj,shg we;=<;ajq ixj¾Okh jk rgl iudc jHQyh
;=< ëjr" f.dú" lïlre iy ldka;d hk ish¨u lafIa;%
;=< b;du;a wdmod md;%s iy fjkia fldg ie,lSug ,la
jkafka ldka;djka h' thskq;a jir 30 l hqoaOfha úmdlh
ksid .DyuQ,sl ldka;djka njg m;a ù ;u iajNdúl
iïm;a" ;u jdiia:dk wysñ ù wd¾Ól iy idudÔh
jYfhka ì`o jegqKq ;;a;ajhlg Wreulï lshhs'
iq¿;r cd;shla ksfhdackh jk ksidu;a" .DyuQ,sl ;;a;ajh ksidu;a wirK
;;a;ajhg m;aj we;s ud jeks ldka;djkag wmf.a iudch ;=< u fjkia fldg
ie,lSug m;a lrhs'

fujeks jd;djrKhla ;=< udkj ysñlï wdrCId lsÍu i`oyd ls%hd lrk cd;sl
ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh 2002 j¾Ifha isg iq¿;r cd;Skaf.ka úfYAIfhkau
ldka;djkaf.a whs;sjdislï ms<sn`oj y`v ke`.+ w;r ±kqfuka n,.ekaùug;a"
kdhl;ajh f.k wmf.a m%Yak wmsu úi`od .ekSu i`oyd jk ls%hdj,sh Èh;a
lsÍug;a wmg úúO f;audj,ska hq;= mqyqKq ,nd fok w;r wmf.a m%Yak
wmu úi`od .ekSu i`oyd jk md¾Yjlrejkaj y`ÿkd.ekSug;a Tjqka iu`.
idlÉPd lsÍug;a" wjYH úfg§ Woaf>daIK ls%hdj,sfha ksr; ùug;a n,mEï
ldka;d lKavdhula f,i ls%hd;aul ùu i`oyd W;=re m<d;a ldka;d y`v f,i
ls%hd;aul ùug wmj Yla;su;a lrhs'

fjkiafldg ie,lSug ,la jq ud jeks .DyuQ,sl ldka;djka wo wm uqyqK fok

m%Yak wduka;%Kh lsÍug ìhlska f;drj ls%hd;aul ùug o Yla;shla we;' ta
f,i wmj Èßu;a l< cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrhg jir 25 iemsßu
wm yoj;skau iqn m;k w;r mS;D uQ,sl iudchl ldka;djkag ksis ;ek
,eîu i`oyd y`v k`.k Yla;su;a lrk wdh;kfha cd;sl le`ojqïldr;=ud
jk y¾uka l=udr uy;dg W;=re m<d;a ldka;d y`v f,i iqn m;k w;r"
fujeks kdhl;ajhla ;=< bÈßhg .uka lsÍug Yla;sh" ffO¾hh ,efíjdhs
lshd m%d¾:kd lruq'

W;=re m<d;a ldka;d y`v

Ígd jika;s uy;añh
ukakdru Èia;s%lalh

• 286 •
 Njrpa kPdt njhopw;rq;fj;jpd; ey;yhrp
25tJ cyf kPdt jpd nts;sptpoh tho;j;Jr; nra;jp
Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; 25tJ nts;sptpoh tho;j;Jr; nra;jp !

Mjk;fz;L [khy;jPd; (JP) Mfpa ehd; Njrpa kPdt

xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; mk;ghiw khtl;l kPdt
Nguitapd; Clhf kPdtu; rhu;e;j rl;l tpNuhj
kPd;gpb Kiwfs;> ePy nghUshjhuk;> ILO > ngsjPf
mgptpUj;jp jpl;lj;jpdhy; ehl;by; gy;NtW kPdtu;fspd;
cupikfs; kWf;fg;gLk; NghJ kPdt rKjhaj;jpw;fhf
gy tPjp Nghuhl;lk;> gapw;rpfs;> gy fye;Jiuahly;fs;
elhj;jp kPdtu;fSf;F njspt+l;ly; nra;Js;Nshk;.
me;j tifapy; Njrpa kPdt njhopw;rq;fj;jpid mikj;J mk;ghiw
khtl;lj;jpYk; vkJ nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLj;jdu;. mjd; gpw;ghL
Njrpa kPdt njhopw;rq;fj;jpy; Njrpa jiytd; gjtpia jw;NghJk;
tfpj;J tUfpd;Nwd;.

me;j tifapy; 25 nts;sptpohthf Njrpa kPdt xj;Jiog;G

,af;fj;jpd; cyf kPdt 25k; nts;sptpohtpy; tho;j;Jr; nra;jp
$Wtjpy; kpf kfpo;r;rpiaAk;> mjid Nghd;Wk; ,t;tikg;gpd; epu;thf
nrayhsu;. fzf;fhsu;> rfcj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; mj;Jld; Njrpa kPdt
xj;Jiog;G ,af;fj;jpd; Njrpa mikg;ghsUf;F vdJ cs;sk; fdpe;j
ey;tho;j;Jf;fs;.

Mjk;fz;L [kuy;jPd;
NjrpakPdt
njhopw;rq;fk;
Njrpa jiytu;
mk;ghiw

• 287 •
 REV. FR. THOMAS KOCHCHERY

Rev. Fr. Thomas Kochchery, CSsR, was a Catholic priest who happened to be the
founding member, first coordinator of World Forum of Fishworkers and fish harvesters,
which was established on 21st November, 1997. Fr. Thomas Kocherry, well known among
friends as Tom, is very important to us in many ways.

When 185 Sri Lankan fishermen were arrested and held in Madurai, Kochin, jails for more
than 6 months, the women in those fishers' families were totally deserted and nobody to
help them. Women approached politicians, churches, and officials without successful
answers. The women were utter helpless and nobody to support them. At that time, Fr. Tom
came to NAFSO, and we organised a meeting between women and Fr.Tom, which was the
turning point.

Fr. Tom said we can do something if the women get organized and demand effective
mediation to get released from the Indian jails. For that matter, NAFSO facilitated
organizing an agitation at the Ministry of Fisheries at Maradana. A March and agitation
was conducted, and Fr. Tom was one in the forefront among the women. Tom's mediation
was not only within the country. But, also in India through Alliance for Release of Innocent
Fishermen(ARIF).

Fr. Tom was a very strong criticizer of globalization and was strong lobbiest against it. The
campaign against WTO at USA was one of the strongest protests he engaged and shared with
WFFP in many times with interest. Fr. Tom was a mentor of NAFSO, and the loss of Tom in
May 2018 was a great loss to us. The tsunami housing scheme of Sinhagama Welcome was
a generous mediation of Fr. Tom, as he directed many funders, well-wishers, to NAFSO for
tsunami assistance. What NAFSO did was that we collected all the funds as housing funds and
spent for the construction of 35 houses there.

During NAFSO convener as the General Secretary, 2004- 2012, Fr. Tom helped us to carry
out the functions at the international secretariat and played a mentor role until he died.
So, we are grateful to Fr. Tom, as I said in many ways and praying for him an eternal life.

• 288 •
 cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh f.dvke.Sug Wrÿka mqoa.,hska

.re f;dauia fldÉfÉß msh;=ud .re ud,ska meúÈ fifydhqßh

^iaj¾.ia: ù jod<&

ud¾lia m%kdkaÿ uy;d b,x.fldka uy;d ^keiS .sh&

tA tA chj;s ueKsfla uy;añh *s,sIshka uy;d ^keiS .sh&

iqis,a m%kdkaÿ uy;d wdkkao msßia uy;d ^keiS .sh&

• 289 •
tia'tia rKfiak uy;d ^keiS .sh& fI,agka .=Kr;ak uy;d ^keiS .sh

fla'ghsgia uy;d ^keiS .sh& iskakhshd ;jr;akï uy;d

^keiS .sh&

ã {dKodi uy;d ^keiS .sh&

• 290 •
jir 25 la wm miq l< .uka uf`.ys wm ,o ch.%yKj,ska w;eUq,la
1997 j¾Ih - u¾.Ígd ,sird.d iïudkfhka msÿï ,eîu
1997 j¾Ih - f,dal ëjr ck;d ikaiofha wdrïNl idudðl ixúOdkhla
f,i
1992 j¾Ih - fifvla wdh;kfha fldgila jYfhka ls%hd;aul ùu
2001 j¾Ih - ;ykï mkak Ndú;fhka uiqka we,a,Sug úreoaO uyck
jHdmdrh
2002 j¾Ih - cd;sl ëjr m%;sm;a;sh ks¾udKfha iudrïNh
2004 j¾Ih - f,dal ëjr ck;d ikaiofha uy f,alï OQrfhka cd;sl
le`ojqïldr;=ud msÿï ,eîu
2008 j¾Ih - wdydr iaffjÍ;ajh iïudkfhka msÿï ,eîu
2010 j¾Ih - iS maf,aka jHdmD;sfhka ó.uqj l,mqj fírd .ekSfï ck
wr.,h
2011 j¾Ih - bvï whs;sh i`oyd jq ck;d ikaioh ks¾udKh
2011 j¾Ih - W;=re m<d;a ëjr ck;d tl;=j ks¾udKh
2013 j¾Ih - w;=reoykajQjka” bvï fld,a,h yd bkaÈhka fg%da,ska
ls%hdj,shg ueÈy;aùu
2014 j¾Ih - iq¿mkak ëjrhska ms<sn`o iafjÉPd u`.fmkaùï ud,dj
ks¾udKh
2016$17 j¾I - cd;sl ëjr jD;a;Sh iñ;sh msysgqùu
2018 j¾Ih - fmda¾Ü isá úfrdaê ck;d jHdmdrh msysgqùu
2018 j¾Ih - TO DO udkj ysñlï iïudkfhka msÿï ,eîu
2019 j¾Ih - UNHCR ls%hdj,shg iïnkaO ùu
2019 j¾Ih - ó.uqj mqrjeis tl;=j ks¾udKh
2023 j¾Ih - cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha 25 ixj;airh ieuÍu
2023 j¾Ih - cd;sl le`ojqïldr;=ud f,dal ëjr ck;d ikaiofha uy
f,alï OQrfhka kej;;a msÿï ,eîu

• 291 •
 1997 j¾Ih 2004 j¾Ih
u¾.Ígd ,sird.d iïudk f,dal ëjr ck;d ikaiofha uy
f,alï OQrfhka cd;sl le`ojqïldr;=ud
msoqï ,eîu

2008 j¾Ih
wdydr iaffjÍ;ajh iïudkh

• 292 •
 2018 j¾Ih
TO DO udkj ysñlï iïudk

• 293 •
• 294 •
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha m%:u fmdiagrh

• 295 •
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha m%ldYk

• 296 •
• 297 •
• 298 •
is`ÿir mqj;a m;

• 299 •
 miqjok

óg jir 25 lg fmrd;=j cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh kñka

wdrïN jq iudc fufyjrl ßÈ cqì,sh wNsudkj;aj fuf,i wms wNsudkj;a
iurkafkuq' rfÜ úúO flaI;%j, wr.," mSvdj,g ,laj isák ck;djf.a
ch.%yK fjkqfjka mq¿,a jmißhl wruqKq idCId;a lr .ekSfï,d ,o
ck;d iyNd.s;ajh w.h fldg i,luq'

fmr.ukalre jk y¾uka l=udr uy;d iu`. tod fuod ;=r w;aje,a

ne`o.;a fulS fkdlS mqoa.,hska .Kk wm%udKh' fujka jq È.= .uka u`.la
i`oyd uQ,Huh odhl;ajh ,nd ÿka foaYSh yd úfoaYSh wdh;kj, mQ¾K
iyfhda.h fuu iqúfYAIs fudfydf;a§ wu;l l< fkdyel' tu wdh;k
fuka u tjeks fiajh l< yd fiajh isÿ lrk ld¾h uKav,hg ia;+;s
mQ¾jlj isysm;a lruq'

tfukau" fuu jir 25 jirl wdj¾ckd;aul iure mqia;lh i`oyd ;u

u;l yd iqNdYsxik msßkuñka odhl jq ieug o yo msß ia;+;sh mqo lruq'
úúOdldr wNsfhda. /ila ueÈka fuu iure l,dmh uqøs;j Tn w;r f.k
taug fjfyi jq ixialdrl uKav,hg o lD;{;djh m< lr isáuq'

;jo —wd u`. fláhs - hd hq;= u`. ÿrhs˜ hkak isys ;nñka wdh;ksl ±lau
yd fufyjr fmr±ß lr .ksñka cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrfha
cd;sl ld¾h uKav,h o" yjq,aldr Èia;s%la ixúOdk yd ta yd ne`ÿKq fmdÿ
ck;d cd,fha taldnoaO .uka u`. Èfkka Èk ÈhqKq fõjdæ

;srir yd idOdrK iudchla ìysfõjd hkak wm me;=uhsæ

ÈfkaIa oikdhl
uQ,H ks,Odß
cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh

• 300 •