THE MÛMAKANRIL

This is easy....

The problem is the that Tolkien used the Terms swarthy Men (Ancestors of
the Daen and Haradrim) and on the other hand Swertings (=Black Men)

at first the Swerting People came from the east and lived in the
Haradwaith...

Then the Arhûnerim and Harnerim came... they were swarthy , but not
black, the Arhûnerim (Daen and Easterlings, together with the Druedain)
went north, the Harnerim stayed in the Haradwaith and drove away the
Swertings (Mornatani) or mixed with them.

>
> Of the Swertings who migrated into the northwest of Middle-earth, some (the
> Daen) followed the Drughu to the north, while others (the ancestors of the
> Haruze) came as hunters and gatherers into Haradwaith. The ancestors of the
> Haruze drove away the Swertings. In Far Harad the peoples mixed, but most of
> the Swertings crossed the Sindori and settled in the Ûrdor and the Hyarnustar.

I thaught Sindori would only be the name for the western Mountain Chain,
the Mountains going East-West should be called the Ered Laranor

The line ... but some repenting , retourned to worship the ûmala
... this should be changed to .... worship the Valar because Ûmala is a
Mûmakanda Term and wasn´t
known to the Black Men of the first Age.

The line the of the swertings, some (the Daen) .... is wrong.
The Daen were no Swertings, they were Swarthy Men . Swertings should
be replaced by swarthy men in this line...

Spirit-Sea ... Yes! The Mûmakanda Term for it is Ûmala-Aka, it doesn´t

mean Valinor, but the Spirit-World (the same in which the Nazgûl
existed)

Hagril and Anû Lôril , in the text from Hands of the Healer, you´d send
me the singular forms are Hagar and Anû Lôar.

Maybe I should explain the situation with the Swertings and swarthy Men
in the Haradwaith...

It´s Probably because of my lack of Experiance with the English

language....

Well Ok. I thought Mornatani wasn´t a good Choice for the Group of
peoples also called the Black Men.
In the part in The Lord of the Rings in which Sam and Frodo see the
Mûmak, the Big black man on the Mûmak is called a swerting ( probably
the Southron command was composed of both, red-clad Haradrim, maybe from
Sîrayn, and Mûmakanian Warriors, who Rode the Mûmaks)
So I said in the first Age, the first Humans that came to the Harad were
Drûghic peoples (ancestors of the Yatali-Gan, Honnin, Drúedain, Beffraen
and Chialla) , then the First Swertings came, from lands east of the
Ered Harmal, (Ancestors of the Mûmakani, Tuktani,Sâre, Drel, Pel, Adena,
Sederi and sharaeki) ; they hunted the Drûghu , who split into different
groups, the Yatali-Gan crossed the Ered Laranor and went to the jungles
of the utter south, the Chialla and Honnin were hunted down and only
small groups survived in the Sûza-Sumar and the last Desert , and the
Ancestors of the Drúedain and Beffraen went north to Gondor....

Then other Mannish people came through the Gap of Khand... The People
the Elves of beleriand called Swarthy Men, because they had Brown
Complexion, of those the Daen moved to Gondor and Eriador and some went
with a group of Arhûnerim (Easterlings) to Beleriand were they were
known as the People of Bor (Swarthy Men)
and the People of Ulfang (Easterlings , with yellow skin! you can read
this in the lays of Beleriand)

The other group of swarthy Men were the Peoples later called the
Haradrim (Ancestors of the Harûze, Aytem, Bozishnarod and Narodbrijit)

They stayed in the Haradwaith which was more fertile at the time and
drove away the Swertings, who fled south.

in Far Harad the peoples Mixed up (The Danak, Sîranians and

Covshek-Pust).

This of course is only my interpretation of things, which I read in The

Silmarillion, The Lays of Beleriand, The lost Stories and heard from
people who have Hands of the Healer and Lords of Middle-Earth, but it
seemed very logic and nice to me, so I added it to my Mûmakan text.

Christian Haas: (haas-freudenberg@t-online.de)

The Mûmakanril (sing. Mûmakanar) are a barbaric tribal people of Swertings in the far Ûrdor of the Utter South
of Middle-earth. In the Second Age, their leader, Jí Indûr, united the different tribes and formed the kingdom of
Mûmakan. For a time, the Mûmakanril ruled the entirety of the Farthest South beside the Khâradûnê peninsula at its
western coast, but soon thereafter were forced back by the Númenóreans, who at that time founded colonies in the
Khâradûnê peninsula. The Mûmakanril are warlike jungle and savanna-dwellers, known especially for their (to
them holy) war-elephants (mûmakil; sing. mûmak) and their worship of the Dark Lord, whom they call Mûdhala.
This account of the land of Mûmakan and its history derives from the Parma Hyarmenórion of Haerangil of
Pelargir, a Dúnadan who had traveled the Harad in the Third Age. Being a learned sage, Haerangil used the ancient
Quenya terms Hyarnustar and Ûrdor for the two regions called by the indigenous Black Númenóreans Khâradûnê
(Ad. "Southwest") and Ûrêzâin (Ad. "Sunlands"). Haerangil left Gondor as a very young man around ca. TA 2970
and probably returned at the beginning of the Fourth Age. The Parma Hyarmenórion was perhaps written in the
years ca. FA 10-20.

PHYSICAL CHARACTER
Build: The Mûmakanril belong to the tallest peoples of the Swertings. They are very athletic and robust. The
common weight for men is ca. 243 lbs, for women ca. 232 lbs.
Coloring: Mûmakanril have dark black skin and black hair.
Endurance: Considerable. Mûmakanian warriors can run mile after mile without getting exhausted.
Height: men 6'6", women 6'.
Lifespan: Short (40-60 years).
Resistance: +10 bonus against heat/fire attacks; -10 against cold/ice attacks.
Special Abilities: None.

CULTURE
Clothing & Decoration: Mûmakanril like to wear leopard and lion-skins. (The skin must always come from an
animal killed directly by the wearer.) In general, the Mûmakanril consider too many clothes impractical for the
wilderness. In all cases—men as well as women—they like to wear many amulets and charms, which often are
said to have magical qualities and for which their mûmathûmril get well paid. Mûmakanril have also a definite
liking for gold and bronze jewelry.
Fears & Inabilities: Mûmakanril fear spirits of the dead and most sorts of sorcery.
Lifestyle: The Mûmakanril have a military order. Tribal life is ruled by a warrior-caste and tribal priests (the
mûmathûmril). Every Mûmakanar has a place in the tribal community. In case of death or elevation in status, the
vacant role will be properly assumed by another.
Marriage Pattern: Different from tribe to tribe. In some tribes, women have no rights and might be given as gifts,
sold or even "lent out;" in other tribes, men and women cohabitate by free choice for a time without strong ties. In
these tribes, women might attain positions of great power. Children grow up in separated groups.
Religion: The Mûmakanril worship a great number of gods and spirits. Besides the Ûmala (the mighty spirits, which
correspond to the Valar and Maiar), spirits of mighty warriors, great chieftains and wise priests are also
worshipped. The mightiest deities are Mûdhala (god of darkness, the tribal deity of Mûmakan), Kadû-baka (god of
death), Lakabah (god of the great jungles) and Akawa (god of water). Religious life in the tribes is controlled by a
priestly caste, the mûmathûmril, which takes care of magic rituals, conjures living corpses and performs the
sometimes bloody sacrifices.

OTHER FACTORS
Demeanor: Cool and vigilant, but sometimes surprising wild or joyful; warlike and keen for singing; filled with a
strong code of honor based on valor and tests of courage.
Language: Initially, Mûmakanda (5), Tuktanic (4) and Sâric (4); far-traveled tribesmen are also able to speak
Ûsakanic (4); later, Apysanic (3), Kiranic (3), Chailuk (2) or Vulman (2) might be learned.
Prejudices: Because of their superstitious demeanor, the Mûmakanril fear Elves and Yatali-gan. They hate Black
Númenóreans. Very often there are terrible feuds between the different tribes.
Restrictions on Professions: No Wizards; Bards are rare.

OUTFITTING OPTIONS
Weapons: Dagger, scimitar, spear, club, mace, fighting staff (RMSS: blowpipe, boomerang, harpoon, fishing spear).
Armor: None, or leather.
Clothing: Loincloth or similar covering made of lion or leopard-skin, fixed over one shoulder; head-covering made
from an animal head; mûmathûmril wear masks made from wood or animal skulls; no footwear except light
leather sandals; amulets, rings (for arms, neck, ears and nose); body painting.

BACKGROUND OPTIONS
Special Abilities: 91-95 replace with secret Mûratha drum-language.
Special Items: Mainly religious artifacts, crafted by mûmathûmril (shrunken heads, amulets, weapons, magic
stones, bottles, arm-rings, animal masks); Essence magic is rare.
Additional Money: Arm or neck-rings of gold; skins from wild animals; herbs or poisons.
Hobbies: Main Skills: Maneuvers Without Armor, Staff Weapons, Thrown/Missile Weapons, Riding, Tracking,
Magic Abilities, Ambushing, Sneaking/Stealth, Disarm Traps, Perception, Spell Lists; Additional Skills: Food
Gathering, Sky Lore, Rowing, Beastmastery, Cave Lore, Acrobatics; Artistic Skills: Drumming, Storytelling,
Singing; Athletic Skills: Running, Jumping; Crafting Skills: Bone-carving, Leatherwork, Arrow-making;
Influence Skills: Estimating; Lore Skills: Animal Lore, Dark Cults, Plant Lore, Ûmala Lore.
Increasing Skills: All skills may be increased.
Additional Languages: Khâradûnaic (2), Haradic (2), Adûnaic (3) or Zimrathânian (3).

HISTORY
THE ELDER DAYS
In the Elder Days, the Far Ûrdor in the Utter South were still wild and empty. The Ûrdor were separated from the
Hyarnustar by the ancient Sindori (Q. "Grey Mountains"); east of the Ûrdor there was not yet an Inner Sea. In the
woods already lived the first animals, and many Maiar walked the lands. The Valar Oromë, Nessa and Yavanna
made the wondrous dark woods which covered almost all the South until the Ages of the Sun. With the help of Eru,
Yavanna made many animals to dwell in the great woods. Aulë let spread hills, and between the Sindori in the west
and the Ered Harmal in the east, he raised the Sindori. The lamp Ormal illuminated the land, and the land was at
peace.
When Melkor returned to Arda, he sent out many Balrogs into the farthest South. He poisoned Ulmo's rivers and
perverted animals into gruesome beasts, which roamed the dark woods of the south and hunted the creatures of the
Valar. Then the Balrogs attacked the Valar. In a great earthquake, Melkor destroyed the mountain Ormal, which rose
in the eastern part of Haradwaith, where the Ered Harmal stood. This was separated from the main continental
landmass and was later called Morinórë. Where the mountain had once stood, a great flood broke in and created the
Inner Sea.

THE FIRST AGE

At the beginning of the First Age of the Sun, the first Elves came to the Haradwaith, Dark Elves who had fled
from wars with Men into the dark woods of the South. One of these clans, the Kinn-lai, crossed the Sindori and
wandered into the Ûrdor; another clan, the Cuind, pressed on into Khâradûnê.
Drûgic peoples wandered into the South from Palisor in central Middle-earth. Soon after, the first Swertings
followed from the south of Palisor, fleeing from the Orcs. At first these Men had allied with the Orcs against the
Elves, because of the lies of the Maia Fankil; but later the Orcs made war against them, pursuing their former allies.
Corrupted by Fankil's lies, these Men first lived in the savannas and semi-deserts of Haradwaith. The Swertings
began to drive out the Drûgic peoples. Most of these moved north, but others hid in secret places or crossed the
Sindori.
Different peoples began to form who took Melkor to be their god. Many followed him, but some, repenting,
returned to the worship of the Ûmala. One of these peoples crossed the Sindori and became friends with a tribe of
Kinn-lai, and from this friendship (it is said) sprang unions between Elf and Man. This was the beginning of the
Kirani.
Of the Swertings who migrated into the northwest of Middle-earth, some (the Daen) followed the Drughu to the
north, while others (the ancestors of the Haruze) came as hunters and gatherers into Haradwaith. The ancestors of
the Haruze drove away the Swertings. In Far Harad the peoples mixed, but most of the Swertings crossed the Sindori
and settled in the Ûrdor and the Hyarnustar.
The Dark Elves hid from Men in the dense jungles, and the ancestors of the Mûmakanril, Tuktanîr, Sâre, Drel, Pel,
Adena, Shraeki and Sederi formed from different Swerting tribes.
At the end of the First Age, Angband was destroyed. The western part of the Hyarnustar was flooded and the
Sindori were shattered by earthquakes. To the south of the Ûrdor, the Bay of Ûsakan broke out, and the eastern part
of the Ûrdor broke off and became the Dark Isles, which lie in the Inner Sea between Middle-earth and Morinórë.

THE SECOND AGE

The peoples of the Utter South had now formed. The Adena and Drel dwelt in the Hyarnustar, still separated from
the Ûrdor by an arm of the Sindori. Between the Yellow Mountains and the Bay of Ûsakan lived the Pel, Sederi and
Shraeki. In the deep woods lived the Kinn-lai and the Kirani. The last of the Drûgic tribes of the Utter South were
the Yatali-gan. East of the Bay of Ûsakan were the Mûmakanril. The Tuktanîr and Sâre lived on the Dark Isles.
The Númenóreans began to visit the coasts of Middle-earth, bringing agriculture and metallurgy to the people of
Haradwaith. The Mûmakanril became a warrior-culture, and under the rule of Indûr Dawndeath they conquered the
Ûrdor and the people of the Hyarnustar.
The Númenóreans meanwhile founded the colonies Khâradûnê (Hyarnustar), Elorna and Zimrathâni (Mírenor) in
the Hyarnustar peninsula of the Yellow Mountains (also collectively named Khâradûnê). This led to many conflicts
with the Mûmakanril, who were forced back and had to give up their lands west of the Yellow Mountains.
Worshipped by the Mûmakanril as a deity, Jí Indûr suddenly vanished and the powerful realm he founded broke
down. The Númenóreans began to settle colonists in Ûrdor: the Hathorians, whose ancestors were deported
Northmen from Eriador. These became an important people.
Many centuries later, under the tutelage of Sauron, the Númenóreans began to worship Melkor, and Eru destroyed
Númenor. The surviving Númenóreans in Hyarnustar began to transform their colonies into kingdoms, each ruler
claiming to be Ar-Pharazôn's rightful heir. The natives began to rebel against their Númenórean oppressors, and
many wars arose among these Black Númenórean kings. Hyarnustar was in anarchistic conditions with aristocrats,
corsairs, mercenaries and religious fanatics competing for power.
In the Inner Sea, the Easterling Vulmaw people became the rulers of the Dark Isles, and a mighty mercantile and
military force emerged that had relations with the Swertings of Mûmakan, the people of Sîrayn, the peoples from
north of the Bay of Ormal, and the black Easterlings of Lochas Drûs.

THE THIRD AGE

Under the rule of the Sauronians, a federation of city-states was formed in Hyarnustar. Númenórean blood faded
from the common people and remained pure only among the aristocracy. The commonners consisted mostly of
Swertings or mixed folk. The Apysanic language of Sîrayn became the common speech in Hyarnustar.
The Mûmakanril began to spread throughout the Yellow Mountains, making peace with the Black Númenóreans.
Their attempts to cross the mountains led to defeat in battle against the Danak and Sîranians, although the kings of
Mûmakan later offered the services of their warriors and mûmakil in the hosts of Sîrayn.
At the time of the War of the Ring, the Sîranians together with the Mûmakanril conquered Near Harad.
Mûmakanian troops, in service of the lords of Sîrayn, took part at the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.

THE LAND
The Mûmakan has a very hot climate, great stretches of it being covered with jungle, especially the coastal areas.
The principal rainforests are the Amba Bandani and the Amba Mûdaka. In its central regions the Mûmakan is
covered with vast savannas, where the nomadic Mûmakanian tribes live, while the tribes of the jungles and coasts
mostly live in circular settlements.
There are several realms in the Mûmakan. The original Mûmakanian lands are the Ûbur Bandani, Kann Shamûrda
and the Ûskamakan. These lands are under the rule of the Mûmakanian kings, but there are several realms inhabited
by peoples other than the Mûmakanril. These are Hathor in northern Mûmakan, inhabited by a warlike people of
Adanic origin; the Kirani-lâr, republic of the Kirani beside Koros Bay; there is also the mysterious realm of Ardor in
southern Mûmakan, inhabited by hostile Elves who vigilantly watch their borders.

GREATER SETTLEMENTS
Ambadar—a great jungle-city on the southwesternmost half-island set in the western Bandani hills. Ambadar is a
center of the Mûmakanian warrior-caste.
Ambûrak—a mighty island-fortress set on a small isle in Dûshera Bay.
Amûdak—an important city on the shores of Lake Mûda in the Shamûrda swamplands of central Mûmakan.
Mûmarak—capital of Mûmakan, Mûmarak is a large cave-system in the Kamûdu hills in the southeastern half-
island. Mûmarak is the seat of power of the Mûmakanian kings.
Nûlakad—a great city in the northeast of Mûmakan. The Mûmakanril here live off fishing and boat-building, and
have many contacts with Tuktanic tribes and the Vulmaw Easterlings.
Pharabâs—a Númenórean colony set in a secure bay along the southwesternmost part of Mûmakan. Its original
settlers were survivors of a Númenórean shipwreck who befriended the peaceful Okama and Sûmani tribes, and
built Pharabâs (Ad. "Golden Place") in the style of a Númenórean colonial settlement. It as a wonder that
Pharabâs survived, lying only hundred miles southwest of the Mûmakanian capital. But Pharabâs still exists in the
Third Age, even though the true Númenóreans dwindled and most of its citizens are Mûmakanril. Pharabâs and
the native villages allied to it are the only democratic community of the Utter South, for Pharabâs is ruled by a
council of wisemen chosen by its people. The city has developed into a formidable trading power, thanks to its
good relations with Vulman merchants. Mûmarak tolerates the existence of Pharabâs because it too profits from
commerce with the Vulmaw.
Ûmakad—the religious center of Mûmakan, this temple contains a great, partly subterranean, fortress, which
includes a spectacular tomb complex. Ûmakad lies in the dense Mûdaka jungle of central Mûmakan.

OTHER SETTLEMENTS
NEAR MÛLAMBUR
Tûrmunad

IN DÛSHERA
Dalrûk
Elemad
Marados
Mershanda
Râmek
Shendal

IN MÛMAKAN
Batamak
Batumû
Bûrmudas
Dûrdamal
Dûrlam
Inkhamad
Inshamak
Isarak
Isamal
Kôs
Mamûri
Marûd
Mîrak
Mîrdamas
Mûru
Ôgamad
Oskanda
Siska
Sirûl
Ûskanda

RELIGION
DEITIES
The Mûmakanril worship a large number of powerful Ûmala (M. "Spirits"). The greater of these correspond to the
Valar and Maiar, but many Ûmala are identified with great heroes or kings. Belief in reincarnation also forms a part
of Ûmalaism. A Mûmakanar who has become an Ûmala is thought capable of gathering power with the help of his
believers to be reborn. The author of this idea was the great Mûmakanian king Jí Indûr, who claimed to be the
reincarnation of Hagama, one of the mightier Mûmakanian deities.

Akawa—god of water. He is the ruler of rivers and ocean. The great whales sometimes seen off the southern coasts
are regarded as his holy animals. For this reason, the Mûmakanril (apart from the fanatical adherants of Mûdhala)
never hunt whales. Akawa's artifact is a magical bottle.
Akûnar—neither evil nor good, Akûnar is the spirit of uncontrolled rage. Next to Mûbada, Akûnar is the main spirit
of the warrior-caste.
Ahsûli—sister of Kadû-baka, Ahsûli is the never dying spirit of wisdom and pity.
Badagi—Akûnar's cruel sister, Badagi is the spirit of blood. Like Akûnar, she is regarded as being neither evil nor
good. Her holy animal is the lion.
Hagama—Lord of the Clouds, Hagama is the brother of Makûma, god of the underworld. Hagama was originally
the prrincipal deity of the Mûmakanril. When Jí Indûr first united the tribes, he accepted Hagama's supremacy,
giving the desperate tribes peace. Indûr later became a cruel and mysterious man, performing strange rites which
he calaimed gave him the power to "dive into the Spirit-sea" (as the Mûmakanril call the other world). He then
claimed to be the incarnation of Hagama, but began destroying Hagama's cult and establishing Makûma in his
place. After Indûr's disappearance, the priests of Makûma, claiming to be the rightful heirs to Hagama's legacy,
established the twin-kings as Makûma's servants to rule the Mûmakan.
Kadû-baka—god of death, the Mûmakanril fear Kadû-baka's power, for he is cruel and ungracious. The
mûmathûmril, when they create living death, offer sacrifice to Kadû-baka to cool his rage about the act. Kadû-
baka's ritual artifact is a kind of sarcophagus, the baka-mûmasa.
Lakabah—god of journeys and the jungle, Lakabah made the great woods of Mûmakan. He is the Ûmala most
often worshipped by hunters.
Makûma—brother to Hagama and destroyer of Mankind, Makûma gives those who follow him unbelievable
powers and destroys those who withstand him. The mûmathûmril believe that Makûma will one day be
reincarnated and then destroy the world. He is the most feared among the Ûmala.
Mamûli—goddess of the earth, she is the bringer of spring. Mamûli's symbol is a stone-amulet, the badûna.
Mûbadahr—god of war, Mûbadahr is also called the lord of destruction. A servant of Makûma, he is the spirit of
unbridled terror and rampant destruction. No Ûmala, except of Makûma himself, is as cruel as Mûbadahr. He is
the main Ûmala of the warrior caste. Mûbadha's artifact is a ritual whip called the khâsh-mûbadha or khâsh-
famûth. It is used for strangling sacrificial victims. Because of this symbol, Haerangil believes Mûbadahr to
correspond with Gothmog the Balrog.
Mûdhala—god of darkness, Mûdhala is believed to see everything. In some tales he is the son of Makûma, in others
his servant. Either way, Mûdhala is seen as an incarnation of Makûna's power. Mûdhala lives at the center of the
earth, enforcing Makûna's will. The power of the mûmathûmril is said to derive from their worship of this spirit.
Most of Mûdhala's adherents believe that their worship justifies any action, so long as they obey his rules.
Mûdhala's artifact is a ritual dagger called masah-mûdhala, used to cut out the heart of a sacrificial victim.
Nûba-baka—god of visions, Nûba-baka is Kadû-baka's more benign brother. The mûmathûmril often ingest toxic
herbs and play drums to commune with Nûba-baka and receive visions of the future.

RELIGIOUS PRACTICES
The term mûmathûmril (sing. mûmathûmûr) is used generally of all priests who serve the Ûmala. The head of all
mûmathûmril is the makûbar, who serves also as councellor to the Mûmakanian kings. Mûmathûmril fall into two
categories: hagril and anû lôril.
Hagril (sing. Hagûr?) represent the more powerful mûmathûmril. They are the priests of the tribes and often
leaders of sects. They care for the temples of larger settlements, officiate at sacrifices and are counsellors of the
chieftains. Anû lôril (sing. anu lôr?) are more often priests of smaller villages, hermits, conjurers and healers of
nomadic tribes or servants of hagril. Some anû lôril contend against the strict worship of Makûma, seeing
themselves as neutral beings who serve neither the good nor the evil Ûmala, but who sometimes conjure an evil
power to do good things or a good power to visit misfortune upon others. However both hagril and anû lôril belong
to the same caste, so that simple classification is often difficult.
Another function of the mûmathûmril is to brew strange potions and enchantments called mûgri (mostly love
charms or banes). A mûgri might be a draught of strength or a bag filled with magical ingredients which must be
buried near the hut of its intended target. Not all mûgri prove efficacious, but their use is widespread—even in
Hyarnustar, especially in the Númenórean colonial cities, where witches and hags supply their customers with their
daily dose of magic, especially among the slaves and lower classes, just as the wizards do among agricultural
villages and nomad camps of the Drel and Pel.
Every Mûmakanian tribe has his own spirit, its patron deity. Hagama was Jí Indûr's tribal Ûmala; the tribes that
later became the rulers of Mûmakan had Makûma or Mûdhala as their Ûmala. Coastal tribes tend to have Akawa as
tribal Ûmala, hunting tribes naturally favor Lakabah. The more aggressive tribes always choose evil spirits such as
Mûdhala or even Makûma. The priests of these Ûmala wield greater power than chieftains. In fact, Mûmakanian
kings very often only hold military power, while political decisions lie in the hands of the head priest, the makûbar.
The Mûmakanril entreat the Ûmala through rituals conducted by the mûmathûmril caste. Most rituals are more or
less private affairs. (Public rituals are held only to mark special occasions, such as the nomination of a new king or
the offering of human sacrifices before a war and following a victory.) A family or individual seek the favor of the
Ûmala through a mûmathûmur, who in turn asks the head priest for permission to hold a ritual in the presence of the
applicant and a number of witnesses/helpers.
The mûmathûmur tries to reach the spirit threough trance and various magical dances, supported by magical
drums and several assistants. Sacrifices can take the form of fruits, animals and, more seldomly, humans. The
mûmathûmur enters into a state of possession by the Ûmala or receives a vision. There are also recognized means
for the Ûmala to indicate rejection of a bequest. Regardless of the success or failure of the ceremony, the
mûmathûmur is entitled to compensation by the party who requested the ritual.
It sometimes happens that a mûmathûmur, seeking communion with a peaceful spirit, like Masûli or Nûba-baka, is
suddenly possessed by a more dangerous spirit, like Mûbada or even Makûma. Such incidents can prove deadly for
the tribe and the mûmathumur. At times an inexperienced mûmathûmur dies, overpowered by the supernatural
power of the deity. In other cases the spirit may demand a price for the release of its victim, often a human sacrifice
or special offering.
 Several important artifacts and components always attend Mûmakanian ritual. Each Ûmala is identified by its own
artifact, which is used by mûmathûmril to assist in contacting the deity. Each tribe likewise has its own unique totem
(called a famû) which displays a special arrangement of magical signs, often related to the symbol of the tribe's
Ûmala. A representation of this Ûmala is often carved into the tribe's mirta-badûn, a ritual pillar to which sacrificial
victims are tied. A mirta-badûn is also found in the ritual chamber of great city temples, even when these possess
more elaborate altars.
Another important ritual item, used to support both the trances of the mûmathûmril and the dances of the warrior
caste, are the magical drums called mûrathil (sing. mûratha). Those skilled in the use of these drums, the rathamûril
(sing. rathamûrar) enjoy a special position in their tribe. The rathamûril are learned in both Mûratha (the secret
drum-language) as well as in the lore, history and magical songs of their tribe.

NEIGHBORING PEOPLES
HATHORIANS
The Men of Hathor are an enigmatic people. Situated in western Mûmakan, the Hathorians are clearly of Adanic
origin, Eriadorians who where settled in the Utter South by the Númenóreans. The Hathorians are tall and have fair
hair and blue eyes. They are a warlike people, but have a strong sense of justice. Terrible feuds have arisen between
them and the Mûmakanril, who often raid their borders and enslave their women and children. But even in the early
Second Age, when the Mûmakanril ruled all lands of the Utter South, the Hathorians kept their strong will to
independence, and siezed the first opportunity to expell their opressors from their land. Since then, the Hathorians
have never known peace for any great length of time.

KINN-LAI
The Kinn-lai are an Avarin tribe, akin to the Cuind of the Hyarnustar peninsula and the tribes of the Last Desert. A
tall and fair people, the skin of the Kinn-lai has darkened somewhat more than that of the Eldar, and they mostly
have dark brown hair and light green eyes. They are descendants of Dark Elves who escaped from wars against Orcs
and Men in Palisor in the First Age. The Kinn-lai have close contact with the Kirani, one of the more civilized
Swerting peoples of the Ûrdor, and also have relations with the secret Elven realm of Ardor. The Kinn-lai's mother
tongue is Kinnain.

KIRANI
The inhabitants of Kirani-lâr, the densly settled lands of Koros Bay in eastern Mûmakan. They are a tall, slim
people with deep black skin and noble faces. Some believe that the Kirani of the distant past married Elves of the
Kinn-lai. Be this true or not, the contemporary Kirani have strong relations with the Kinn-lai and there are many
settlements in which both, Men and Elves, live in peace together. In origin, the Kirani were a reclusive jungle tribe
without great knowledge, but their contact with the (by the standarts of lesser Men) wise and gifted Kinn-lai have
brought them a great amount of power. In the Third Age, Kirani-lâr is a wealthy state, profiting from its position
betwen the Númenórean colonies of the Hyarnustar peninsula in the west and the Vulman cities on the Dark Isles in
the east. Kirani-lâr is known not only for its intellectual and merchantile power but also for its great fleet and well-
armed warriors.

SHARAEKI
The Sharaeki are the main inhabitants of the Dûshera hills. Small by Swerting standards, the Sharaeki are also one
of the poorest peoples of the Ûrdor. They are said to have been a once powerful and rich people, but the last
remnants of their kingdom were destroyed by the Mûmakanril in the Second Age. Since then, the Sharaeki have
always been a scattered, tribal people without united leadership or a real state. The solitary tribes are farm, herd or
hunt in the Elrash Mâr or the jungles and swamplands of Dûshera. The western tribes live in constant fear of
Mûmakanian warbands, who sometimes wander the foothills of the Yellow Mountains, rading Hathor and Kirani-lâr.

TUKTANI
The Tuktanîr (sing. Tuktanar, from the Tuktanian word tuktar, meaning "warrior") are a group of Swerting tribes
living on the Dark Isles and along the coasts of Mûmakan and Gan. There are great differences between the different
tribes. Lacking any shared religious tradition, the only thing holding them together is their language. Tuktanian
tribes are often warlike cannibals and headhunters. Some have no permanent home, but travel on their longboats
from island to island, raiding villages of the coastal tribes or hunting for wild animals. Terrible feuds often rage
between different tribes.
 The Tuktanîr are distantly akin to the Mûmakanril and Sâre. Like them, the Tuktanîr are tall and have dark brown
(almost black) skin and black eyes. But the Tuktanîr are slimmer and less stout, and tend to have bony faces and
strong muscles. Some of their tribes shave their heads, while others prefer to wear their curly hair in huge, red-dyed
locks. The Tuktanian tribes of northeastern Mûmakan are more peaceful than their nomadic kindred in the Dark
Isles. They live in fortified forest villages as hunters and fishers, and often trade with the Mûmakanril and the
Vulmaw Easterlings.

VULMAW
The Vulmaw are one of the peoples known as the Black Easterlings. They uphold a mighty warrior culture and
rule the Inner Sea. Their settlements range from the Dark Isles to Codya and the farthest East. Once a mighty sea-
kingdom, many Vulman colonies have since become independent, developing into powerful city-states. However,
the original Vulman realm and the fleets of Cuivac Vulmaw remain formidible. The Vulmaw are not only fierce sea-
warriors but also clever merchants, the wealthier among whom reside in the coastal settlements of Mûmakan. The
city of Pharabâs profits especially well from trade with the Vulmaw.
The Vulmaw are mostly small and stout and of reddish to yellow skin. They shave some parts of their hair and
wear the other parts long and often forked. Men often grow thin but very long beards; the women often paint their
eyelids in strong colors. The native tongue of the Vulmaw is Vulman, but most of them have also learned the
common languages of commerce—Apysanic, Chyan, Lôchan, Ibavar and Mûmakanda.

YATALI-GAN
The Yatali-gan are descended from the Drûgic tribes who migrated into the Harad in the First Age, when their
kinsmen pressed northward into Gondor and Eriador. While numerous, their tribes live scattered in small groups in
the deep forests of the Ûrdor and the Hyarnustar peninsula. The only greater community of tribes occupies the
forests and hills of Dûshera. The Yatali-gan and Mûmakanril have been enemies for a millennium, since the
Mûmakanril hunted them like animals. There are some smaller Yatali tribes in the deeper jungles of northwestern
Mûmakan, but they always live in fear of Mûmakanian hunting-raids.
The Yatali-gan have darker skin and curlier hair than their northerly cousins. They paint themselves with magic
symbols and some even have tatoos which are said to render them invisible in the deep jungles. All of the Yatali-gan
speak the ancient Drûgic tongue Chailuk, which few of other Men ever have learned.
All the Yatali-gan are said to be led by the mysterious Taghi-nûgh. It is not quite certain who the Taghi-nûgh really
is. In some legends he is said to be the spirit of the chieftain who led the Yatali into the Utter South, while other
stories make him an immortal being who haunts the deepest jungle of the Harad. However, the Yatali-gan
themselves always talk about Taghi-nûgh as if he were a living person. The Yatali say that Taghi-nûgh is two
thousand years old (an impossible age for any Man, and unreachable for the short-lived Yatali). This has led some to
believe that Taghi-nûgh is in fact a Maia-spirit or one of the Avari, but the Yatali have ever denied this, asserting that
Taghi-nûgh is one of their own.

Ahsûli—the goddess of wisdom

Akûnar—the god of rage
Akûnu—a Mûmakanian war-mace
Amba Bandani—a jungle in southwestern Mûmakan
Amba Mûdaka—a jungle in central Mûmakan
Badagi—The Blood Goddess
Badamûrath—The Mûmakaniann Drummers
Badûna—a Stone Amulet. Artifact of the Earth Goddess
Bandani—one of the greater Tribes. Rules The Bandani Peninsula in West Mûmakan
Îsa Sîrmak—a gulf in Eastern Mûmakan
Jí Indûr—Mûmakaniann King and believed to be the reincarnated Sky-God
Jí Shidûr—King of Mûmakan at 2915 and 3019
Jí Ûkan—King of Mûmakan at 2915
Kadû Mûmasah—A Symbolic Sarkophag. Artifact of the Dead God
Kadû-Baka—The God of Dead
Kafûru- Temple
Kamak—Great Hero of the Mûmakaniann Warrior Caste at 2915
Kan-Sharmûrda—a Region in central Mûmakan known for it's great Lakes and Swamplands
Khâsh-Famûth—a Magical Whip. Artifact of the War-God
Kûnad—a Mûmakanian scimitar
Lakabáh—The God of the Jungles
Mabak—a Mûmakanian Spear
Makai Bandani—Hills on the Southwestern Peninsula of Mûmakan
Makai Kamûdu—a Chain of Hills in southeastern Mûmakan
Makai Kamûdu—Hills in Southeast Mûmakan
Makûbar—a Mûmakaniann High-Priest. The Head of the mûmathûmril Caste
Makûma—The God of Evil
Mamûli—The Earth Goddess
Marûbur- a small Island in the Bay of Marû
Marûsir—a Bay in Southeastern Mûmakan
Masah-Mûdhala—a Ritual Dagger. Artifact of the God of Darkness
Mersha Makai—the Great Hills in the Mersha Peninsular in southern Dûshera
Mersha Ûbur—the southern Peninsula of Dûshera
Mershamakai—a Hill Chain in Southern Dûshera
Mîmakai- Hills in western Mûmakan
Mîrtha-Badûn—a totem-Pillar
Mûbadhar- The Mûmakaniann War-God
Mûdhala—The Mûmakaniann God of Darkness
Mûgri- a special kind of Spell used to influence Persons or Things. Often in Form of Artifacts or Charms
Mûkamal—a Magic Bottle filled with enchanted Water. Artifact of the Water God
Mûlambur-a large Isle south of Dûshera
Mûmarak—The Former Capital of Mûmakan
Mûrami—a great Tribe in central Mûmakan
Mûratha- a secret Language consisting of Drum beats
Mûsir Ûsakan—The Bay of Ûsakan
Nûba-Baka -The God of Sleep
Okama—one of the tribes of southeastern Mûmakan. Many of them live in Pharabâs
mûrathil (sing. mûratha)—Magic Drums
Sîr Dûrla—a small Bay in south Mûmakan
Sîr Sûmani—a bay in Southeastern Mûmakan
Sîr Ûskad—a bay in east Mûmakan
Sûmani—a Mûmakanian tribe allied to the city of Pharabâs
Tamlah—an ominous Fire Spirit in the utter south ( He is said to live somewhere in the Sindori)
Teka Fadûr—The Teka ("Wise one ") of Pharabâs at 2890 TA
Theri-Andavi—a legendary Water Spirit ( She is a servant of Ulmo and wanders the coasts of the Haragaer)
Tûru Makûbar—High Priest of Mûmarak at 2915
Ûbur Bandani—the Southwestern Peninsula of Mûmakan
Ûbur Ûskad—a Peninsula in Eastern Mûmakan
Ûghi-Mandanû—a mysterious Wood -Spirit in Dûshera ( He Looks like a Moss covered Golem!)
Ûkawa—The Water-God
Ûmala- a powerful Spirit (Ainu). Sometimes also used on Spirits of dead Personalities
Ûnadbûr-an Island west of Mûlambur
Ûsir Dûshera—The Dûshera Bay
Ûsir Inkam—a bay in South Mûmakan
Ûskama—the Ruling Tribe of Mûmakan. They have their seat at Mûmarak
Ûskamakan—The Southeastern Part of Mûmakan
Vulmaw—a Black Easterling People on the Black Isles.