ENG.

Salma Hamdy
 Electrical
Machines

Motors Generators

AC DC AC DC
Motors Motors Generators Generators
Force  Magnetic Field

Current
 Electrical
Motors

AC DC
Motors Motors

Induction Synchronous
motors motors
Self-excited
Separately excited

Squirrel Cage Slip Rings

DC
DC
Series DC Compound
Shunt
Motors Motor
Motors

Differential Cumulative
compound compound
motor motor
 LEC 1
 The basic working principle of a DC motor

“whenever a current carrying conductor is

placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a
mechanical force".
Torque, Speed & Current Equation of DC Motors

Power in Armature = Gross Armature Torque × ω

Ta ∝ ɸ.Ia N ∝ Eb/ɸ
DC Series Motor
In this type, field winding is connected in series
with the armature winding. Therefore, the field
winding carries whole of the load current
(armature current). That is why series winding
is designed with few turns of thick wire and the
resistance is kept very low (about 0.5 Ohm).

 Characteristics Of DC Series Motors

Torque Vs. Armature Current (Ta-Ia)
Ta ∝ ɸ.Ia Ia = If Ta α Ia2
Speed Vs. Armature Current (N-Ia)
Eb is small and it may be
N ∝ Eb/ɸ neglected
N ∝ 1/ɸ

Speed Vs.Torque (N-Ta)

when speed is high, torque is
low and vice versa
DC Shunt Motor
Here, field winding is connected in parallel with
the armature winding. Hence, the full voltage is
applied across the field winding. Shunt winding
is made with a large number of turns and the
resistance.
 Characteristics Of DC Shunt Motors
Torque Vs. Armature Current (Ta-Ia)
Ta ∝ ɸ.Ia we can assume the field
Ta α Ia
flux ɸ to be constant
Speed Vs. Armature Current (N-Ia)
N ∝ Eb/ɸ flux ɸ is assumed to be constant Eb almost constant

the speed decreases only by 5 to 15% of full load speed. Therefore,

a shunt motor can be assumed as a constant speed motor.

Speed Vs.Torque (N-Ta)

DC Compound Motor
• In this type, there are two sets of field winding. One is connected in series and
the other is connected in parallel with the armature winding.

• In a compound motor, if series and shunt windings are connected such that
series flux is in direction as that of the shunt flux then the motor is said to be
cumulatively compounded. And if the series flux is opposite to the direction of
the shunt flux, then the motor is said to be differentially compounded.

(a) Cumulative compound motor

Cumulative compound motors are used where

series characteristics are required but the load is
likely to be removed completely. Series winding
takes care of the heavy load, whereas the shunt
winding prevents the motor from running at
dangerously high speed when the load is suddenly
removed. These motors have generally employed
a flywheel, where sudden and temporary loads are
applied like in rolling mills.
(b) Differential compound motor

Since in differential field motors, series flux

opposes shunt flux, the total flux decreases with
increase in load. Due to this, the speed remains
almost constant or even it may increase slightly
with increase in load (N ∝ Eb/ɸ). Differential
compound motors are not commonly used, but
they find limited applications in experimental and
research work.
 Characteristics Of DC Compound Motors

Speed Vs. Armature Current (N-Ia)

Torque Vs. Armature Current (Ta-Ia)

Speed Vs.Torque (N-Ta)