Implementaion low-cost and efficient

Ventilator using arduino

A Mini Project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for
the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by
G. CHAITANYA 20341A0450
D. NIRAJA ADITHYA 20341A0440
D.RAKESH 20341A0435
G. VASU DEVA NAIDU 20341A0452
B. ABHIRAM NAIK 20341A0422

Under the guidance of

Mr.D.SRINIVAS RAO
Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE

GMR Institute of Technology

An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to JNTUK, KAKINADA
(Accredited by NBA, NAAC with ‘A’ Grade & ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution)
GMR Nagar, Rajam – 532127, Andhra Pradesh, India April 2023

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 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the study report entitled “Implementaion low-cost and efficient Ventilator
using arduino” submitted by G. CHAITANYA (20341A0450), D. NIRAJA ADITHYA
(20341A0440), D. RAKESH (20341A0441), B. ABHIRAM NAIK (20341A0422), G. VASU
DEVA NAIDU (20341A0448) has been carried out in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering of
GMRIT, Rajam affiliated to JNTUK, KAKINADA.

Signature of Supervisor Signature of HOD

Mr . D .Srinivas Rao Dr. V. Jagan Naveen
Assistant Professor professor & Head
Department of ECE Department of ECE
GMRIT, Rajam. GMRIT, Rajam.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT 6

1. INTRODUCTION 7

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 9

3. METHODOLOGY 13

4. RESULTS & DISSCUSSIONS 24

5. CONCLUSION & FUTURECOPE 25

REFERENCES 26

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Name of the Figure Page No.

1.1 State wise bore well accidents 8

2.1 Block Diagram of the designed system Reference 1 9

2.2 Previous Existing Method of Reference 1 10

2.3 Functional Block Diagram of Reference 2 11

2.4 Block Diagram of Functional units of Reference 3 12

3.1 Arduino UNO 13

3.2 Ultrasonic Sensor 14

3.3 Servo Motor 15

3.4 Potentiometer 16

3.5 Robotic Arm 17

3.6 WEB Camera 17

3.7 Connecting Wires 18

3.8 Arduino IDE software 19

3.9 Block Diagram 22

3.10 Circuit Diagram 23

4.1 Output of the System 24

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us an immense pleasure to express deep sense of gratitude to my guide Dr. D. Srinivasa
Rao, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and communication Engineering and to my
Coordinators Dr. D. Srinivasa Rao, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and
communication Engineering, Mr. P. V. Murali Krishna, Assistant Professor, Department of
Electronics and communication Engineering of whole hearted and invaluable guidance throughout
the mini project. Without their sustained and sincere effort, this mini project would not have taken
this shape. They encouraged and helped us to overcome various difficulties that we have faced at
various stages of term paper.

I would like to sincerely thank our Head of the department Dr. V. Jagan Naveen, for providing all
the necessary facilities that led to the successful completion of our mini project. I am also thankful
to our Associate Dean-Academics Dr. M. V. Nageswara Rao and Associate Dean Student affairs
Dr. G. Sasi Kumar for their great support to us in completing the mini project.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank our beloved Principal Dr. C.L.V.R.S.V. Prasad, for
providing all the necessary facilities and a great support to us in completing the mini project.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank our beloved Director Dr. J. Girish, for providing all the
necessary facilities and a great support to us in completing the mini project.

I would like to thank all the faculty members and the non-teaching staff of the Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering for their direct or indirect support for helping us in
completion of this mini project. Finally, I would like to thank all of our friends and family
members for their continuous help and encouragement.

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 ABSTRACT

This paper describes the design and prototyping of a low-cost portable mechanical ventilator for use in mass
casualty cases and resource-poor environments. The ventilator delivers breaths by compressing a conventional
ambu bag with a pivoting cam arm, eliminating the need for a human operator for the ambu bag.

Through this prototype, the strategy of automated ambu bag compression is proven to be a viable option to
achieve low-cost, low-power portable ventilator technology that provides essential ventilator features at a
fraction of the cost of existing technology.

The cost of the materials for the system is under 3100, which makes it affordable for replication by makers
around the world. The device provides a controlled breathing mode with tidal volumes from 100 to 800 mL,
breathing rates from 5 to 40 breaths/minute, and inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio from 1:1 to 1:4.

The system is designed for reliability and scalability of measurement circuits through the use of the serial
peripheral interface and has the ability to connect additional hardware due to the object-oriented algorithmic
approach. Experimental results after testing on an artificial lung for peak inspiratory pressure (PIP),
respiratory rate (RR), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), tidal volume, proximal pressure, and lung
pressure demonstrate repeatability and accuracy exceeding human capabilities in BVM-based manual
ventilation. Future work is necessary to further develop and test the system to make it acceptable for
deployment outside of emergencies such as with COVID-19 pandemic in clinical environments, however, the
nature of the design is such that desired features are relatively easy to add using protocols and parametric
design files provided.

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 1. INTRODUCTION

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented demand for medical equipment, including
ventilators, which are essential for treating patients with severe respiratory failure. However, the high
cost of conventional ventilators and the limited availability of these devices have created a significant
challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. In response to this challenge, many individuals and
organizations have come together to develop low-cost and open-source ventilators that can be easily
manufactured and assembled using readily available materials and electronic components .

The implementation of low-cost and open-source ventilators involves designing and building
ventilators that are accessible to everyone, including healthcare providers in low-resource settings.
The open-source approach allows for collaboration and improvement among a community of
designers and engineers, resulting in ventilators that are safe, effective, and easy to use. Additionally,
these ventilators can be produced quickly, which is essential during a pandemic or other emergency
situations.

The goal of this approach is to provide an alternative to conventional ventilators that is more
affordable and accessible, enabling more people to receive respiratory support when they need it
most. By leveraging the power of technology and collaboration, the implementation of low-cost and
open-source ventilators has the potential to save lives and improve healthcare outcomes around the
world.

Overall, the implementation of low-cost and efficient ventilators has the potential to revolutionize the
way we approach respiratory support, making it more accessible, efficient, and affordable for
everyone who needs it.

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Our system makes use of blood oxygen sensor along with sensitive pressure sensor to monitor the
necessary vitals of the patient and display on a mini screen. Also an emergency buzzer alert is fitted in
the system to sound an alert as soon as any anomaly is detected.

The entire system is driven by arduino controller to achieve desired results and to assist patients in
COVID pandemic and other emergency situations.Human lungs use lungs for respiration. They use
push mechanism in each breath.Inhalation and exhalation process takes place.

The ventilator here we design is to help people during Covid situation. It is very cheap and affordable.
When people suffer from lungs or breathing problem this can be used for emergency situation. Motor
mechanism is used to push the air bag. When oxygen level counts are low this mechanism can be
performed. Small screen is used to display the oxygen levels. The entire system is driven by an
arduino microcontroller. And a buzzer is fitted to detect any low levels of oxygen count.

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 2.LITERATURE SURVEY

[1] Alamurugan, C. R., Kasthuri, A., Malathi, E., Dharanidharan, S.,

Hariharan, D., Kishore, B. V., & Venkadesh, T. (2021). Design of Ventilator Using Arduino for
Covid Pandemic. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 14530-14533.

Coronavirus, a dangerous disease caused by a virus which got spread two years back, made our lives
up and down. Many people died because of this virus due to lack of medicinal facilities. It infects our
respiratory system also. It is very difficult to breathe. Incase if a patient suffers from respiratory
failure mechanical ventilators are needed.

Ventilator is a medical device used for the breathing process. Ventilators are needed to treat influenza
and coronavirus and people in intensive care units (ICU). Before Covid times only people in intensive
care units used ventilators but after a heavy spread of corona demand for ventilators increased.
Ventilator helps in pumping air into the lungs. People with coronavirus need a ventilator because they
feel difficulty in breathing or they do not have sufficient oxygen levels. Whereas due to the heavy
spread of corona there is a shortage of ventilators. There is a lack of ventilators for many medical
units.This is not necessary. Some countries developed ventilators which are dangerous for human
lives which are small in volume.

Yet this reliable and affordable DIY ventilator during Covid pandemic times. After designing this
model these models are distributed and on the web so that others can also use it and design their own
ventilator, even at the small scale.

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 Fig 2.1 Block Diagram

The extension rectifier is used to change ac over completely to throbbing dc. Then, at that point,
capacitors go about as channel so we use capacitor for shifting. Transformer is used to supply
fixed yield voltage 5V DC. Arduino required voltage is 5V DC supply. A LCD show is utilized for
show the message and it likewise required 5V DC supply. Arduino are required three essential
need pr supply, reset circuit and oscillator unit. The ventilator we here plan and foster utilizing
arduino envelops of those prerequisites to create solid yet reasonable DIY ventilator to help in the
midst of pandemic. We here utilize a silicon ventilator sack coupled driven by DC engines with 2
side push system to push the ventilator sack. We use control for exchanging and a variable pot to
control the breath length thus the BPM an incentive for the patent.
Our framework utilizes blood oxygen sensor alongside delicate strain sensor to notice the
predetermined vitals of the patent and show on a small screen. Additionally a crisis ringer alert is
fitted inside the framework to sound a ready when any abnormality is identified. The whole
framework is driven by Arduino regulator to appreciate wanted results and to help patients in
COVID pandemic and other crisis circumstances.

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 [2] World Health Organization: Critical preparedness, readiness and response actions for COVID-
19: interim guidance, 7 March 2020.(No. WHO/COVID-19/ Community_ Actions/2020.1).

Critical preparedness, readiness and response actions for COVID-19: Interim guidance
• Reduce exposure by enabling communities to adopt risk-reducing behaviours and practice infection
prevention and control, including avoiding crowds and maintaining physical distance from others;
practicing proper hand hygiene; through at the appropriate times; the correct and rational use of masks;
and improving indoor ventilation.
• Empower communities to lead or be part of the response decision-making process by reinforcing risk
communication and community engagement approaches that can reinforce local solutions, increase
trust and social cohesion, and ultimately a reduction in the negative impacts of COVID-19.
• Counter misinformation and disinformation by managing the infodemic, communicating with,
engaging, and empowering communities, while also enriching the information eco-system online and
offline through relevant, actionable and localized guidance that communicates, and by communicating
risks and science for specific target populations, as needed.
• Protect the vulnerable through vaccination, ensuring vaccine deployment readiness in all countries
and all populations, by communicating, implementing, and monitoring COVID-19 vaccination
campaigns, by engaging health workers, and by building vaccine acceptance and demand based on
priority groups, taking into account gender and equity perspectives to leave no one behind.
• Reduce mortality and morbidity from all causes by ensuring that patients with COVID-19 are
diagnosed early and given quality care and treated in a COVID-19 Care pathway with access to
corticosteroids and oxygen for patients with severe disease; that health systems can surge to maintain
and meet the increasing demand for both COVID-19 care and other essential health services; that core
health systems are strengthened; that demand-side barriers to care are addressed; and by ensuring that
all priority groups in every country are vaccinated.
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 • Suppress transmission through rollout of equitable COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination, through the
implementation of recommended effective and evidence-based public health and social measures, and
infection prevention and control measures, including detecting and testing suspected cases;
investigating clusters of cases; tracing contacts;
• Accelerate equitable access to new COVID-19 tools including vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutics,
and support safe and rational allocation and implementation in all countries.

[3] N. Bourbakis and I. Papadakis-Ktistakis ATRC, “Design Ground Bio-inspired Micro-System

Structure for Detecting Humans in disastrous region”. Wright State University, Dayton, OH 4543 and
Technical University of Crete, Greece.10thJune,2017.

This paper presents a proactive approach to prevent child fatalities at the umpteen open uncapped
borewells in India, which is based on communications using Infra-Red signals. When the IR signal,
placed two inches diametrically under the ground surface of bore-well, breaks due to any obstructing
object, a buzzer starts sounding as an alert and at the same time, a stake that is kept a few feet lower
in the bore-well closes the bore in order to prevent the object from falling deeper into the well. The

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solution presented in this paper is a simple and yet easily scalable and highly cost-effective solution
utilizing the proven technology of Infra-red Signalling.

N. Bourbakis and I. Papadakis- Ktistakis describes design of two complementary role to existing
larger systemic structures, which mainly perform different rescue tasks. Here the micro-system,
called This as, is under development by a research team consisted of researchers from the ATRC-
WSU (microdesign, software), the Ohio State University (micro-antennas). micro-systemic structures
in an effort for assisting the detection of human under debris and rescue them. These microstructures
will play.

Fig 2.4 Block Diagram of Functional units

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 visualizing through camera A/V output. Child live position is captured through camera and
communication is done with the child with the help of mic and an operational amplifier 7805. The
harness of the system used in two arms is very soft so that it does not hurt the child while gripping.
The system is rotated using DC motor according to the child position the child is gripped from
suitable position and then the system is taken out from the Borewells by pulling the rope. Hence, the
child can be safely taken out from the Borewells using this mechanism.
3. METHODOLOGY

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

1. Arduino UNO
2. DC motor
3. DHT11 sensor
4. Potentiometer
5. MAX30100 sensor
6. AMBU Bag
7. Connecting wires
8. Oxygen Bottle
9. LCD Display

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION:

1) Arduino UNO:
Fig 3.1 shows the Arduino UNO:

Fig 3.1 Arduino UNO

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATMega328P
microcontroller. The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that
may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits .The board has 14 digital

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 I/O pins (six capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino
IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be powered by the
USB cable or by an external 9-volt battery, though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts.
Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of both
a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of
software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write
and upload computer code to the physical board.
Arduino Pin Description:

Vin: This is the input voltage pin of the Arduino board used to provide input supply from an external
power source.
5V: This pin of the Arduino board is used as a regulated power supply voltage and it is used to give
supply to the board as well as onboard components.
3.3V: This pin of the board is used to provide a supply of 3.3V which is generated from a voltage
regulator on the board
GND: This pin of the board is used to ground the Arduino board.
Reset: This pin of the board is used to reset the microcontroller. It is used to Resets the
microcontroller. Analog Pins: The pins A0 to A5 are used as an analog input and it is in the range
of 0-5V or other devices. The transmitter pin number 1 and receiver pin number 0 is used to
transmit and receive the data resp. External Interrupt Pins: This pin of the Arduino board is used
to produce the External interrupt and it is done by pin numbers 2 and 3.

2) DC motor:
Fig 3.2 shows the DC motor:

Fig 3.2 DC motor

A DC motor is defined as a class of electrical motors that convert direct current electrical energy into
mechanical energy

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 DC motors are electric motors that are powered by direct current (DC), such as from a battery or DC
power supply. Their commutation can be brushed or brushless. The speed of a brushed DC motor can
be controlled by changing the voltage alone. By contrast, an AC motor is powered by alternating
current (AC) which is defined by both a voltage and a frequency. Consequently, motors that are
powered by AC require a change in frequency to change speed, involving more complex and costly
speed control. This makes DC motors better suited for equipment ranging from 12VDC systems in
automobiles to conveyor motors, both which require fine speed control for a range of speeds above
and below the rated speeds.

Features of the DC motor are:

• Steady rotation characteristics with respect to voltage
• Ability to use portable power supplies
• Low cost

3) DHT11 sensor:
Fig 3.3 shows the DHT11 sensor:

Fig 3.3 DHT11 sensor

The DHT11 is a commonly used Temperature and humidity sensor that comes with a dedicated NTC
to measure temperature and an 8-bit microcontroller to output the values of temperature and humidity
as serial data.

Pin Description:
Pin Number 1 : VCC connected to positive power supply 5V.
Pin Number 2: DATA outputs both temperature and humidity through serial data
Pin Number 3: NC not connected.
Pin Number 4: GND connected to Ground.
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 Features of the DHT11 sensor are:

 Operating Voltage: 3.5V to 5.5V

 Operating current: 0.3mA (measuring) 60uA (standby)
 Output: Serial data
 Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C
 Humidity Range: 20% to 90%
 Accuracy: ±1°C and ±1%

4) Potentiometer:
Fig 3.4 shows the Potentiometer:

Fig 3.4 shows the Potentiometer

A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable
Voltage divider. If only two terminals are used one end and wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or
rheostat. The measuring instrument called potentiometer is essentially a voltage divider used for
measuring electric potential, the component is an implementation of the same principle, hence its
name. Potentiometer are commonly used to control electrical devices such as volume controls on
audio equipment.
Pin Description:
Two terminals are connected to a resistive element.
One terminal is connected to an adjustable wiper.

5) MAX30100 sensor:
Fig 3.5 shows the MAX30100 sensor:

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 Fig 3.5 MAX30100 sensor
The MAX30100 sensor is used as both a heart rate monitor and a pulse oximeter. These features are enabled
by the construction of this sensor which consists of two LEDs, a photodetector, optimized optics, and low
noise signal processing components. It is easily used with microcontrollers such as Arduino, ESP32,

NodeMCU, etc. to build an efficient heartbeat . As you may notice the MAX30100 IC lies at the center of the
module. It consists of two different types of LEDs on the right hand side. There is one Red LED and one IR
LED. On the left hand side you can view the photodetector. Blood oxygen saturation and heart rate are found
using these these two key features. We will later learn how the sensor actually works to obtain the BPM and
SPO2.

Features of MAX30100 sensor:

Operating Voltage 1.8V to 3.3V

Input Current 20mA

Temperature Range -40˚C to +85˚C

Temperature Accuracy ±1˚C

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ADC Resolution 14 bits

IR LED peak wavelength 870-900nm

Red LED peak wavelength 650-670nm

6) AMBU Bag:

Fig 3.6 shows the AMBU Bag:

Fig 3.6 AMBU Bag

A bag valve mask (BVM), sometimes known by the proprietary name Ambu bag or generically as
a manual resuscitator or "self-inflating bag", is a hand-held device commonly used to provide
positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately. The
device is a required part of rescuiation kits for trained professionals in out-of-hospital settings (such
as ambulance crews) and is also frequently used in hospitals as part of standard equipment found on
a crash cart, in emergency rooms or other critical care settings.

7) Connecting Wires:

Fig 3.7 shows the Connecting wires:

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 Fig 3.7 Connecting Wires

connecting wire allows travels the electric current from one point to another point without
resistivity. Because electricity needs a medium to go through, connecting wires enables an
electrical current to move from one point on a circuit to another. Copper or aluminium are the two
most common materials used to make wiring for electronics and computers. Both copper and
electricity conduct well. Although silver is much more expensive, it has a higher conductivity.
The wire in a fundamental circuit originates from one terminal of a power supply, such as a
battery. The switch that determines whether the circuit is open or closed is connected to it after
that. An electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or
sometimes without them - simply "tinned") is known as a jump wire (also known as a jumper,
jumper wire, or DuPont wire), and it is typically used to connect the parts of a breadboard or other
prototype or test circuit internally or with other pieces of machinery or components without
soldering.

8)Oxygen Bottle:
Fig 3.8 shows the Oxygen Bottle:

Fig 3.8 Oxygen Bottle

9)LCD Display:
Fig 3.8 shows the LCD Display:

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 Fig 3.8 LCD Display

The term LCD stands for Liquid Crystal display. It is one kind of electronic display module used
in an extensive range of applications like various circuits & devices like mobile phones,
calculators, computers, TV sets, etc. These displays are mainly preferred for multi-segment light
emitting diodes and seven segments. The main benefits of using this module are inexpensive;
simply programmable, animations, and there are no limitations for displaying custom characters,
special and even animations, etc.
16×2 LCD is named so because; it has 16 Columns and 2 Rows. There are a lot of combinations
available like, 8×1, 8×2, 10×2, 16×1, etc. but the most used one is the 16×2 LCD. So, it will have
(16×2=32) 32 characters in total and each character will be made of 5×8 Pixel Dots.
Pin Description:

Pin Pin Name: Description

No:

1 Vss (Ground) Ground pin connected to system ground

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2 Vdd (+5 Volt) Powers the LCD with +5V (4.7V – 5.3V)

3 VE (Contrast Decides the contrast level of display. Grounded to get maximum contrast.
V)

4 Register Select Connected to Microcontroller to shift between command/data register

5 Read/Write Used to read or write data. Normally grounded to write data to LCD

6 Enable Connected to Microcontroller Pin and toggled between 1 and 0 for data
acknowledgement

7 Data Pin 0 Data pins 0 to 7 forms a 8-bit data line. They can be connected to
Microcontroller to send 8-bit data.

These LCD’s can also operate on 4-bit mode in such case Data pin 4,5,6 and 7
will be left free.

8 Data Pin 1

9 Data Pin 2

10 Data Pin 3

11 Data Pin 4

12 Data Pin 5

13 Data Pin 6

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14 Data Pin 7

15 LED Positive Backlight LED pin positive terminal

16 LED Negative Backlight LED pin negative terminal

Features of LCD Display:

 Operating Voltage is 4.7V to 5.3V

 Current consumption is 1mA without backlight
 Alphanumeric LCD display module, meaning can display alphabets and numbers
 Consists of two rows and each row can print 16 characters.
 Each character is build by a 5×8 pixel box
 Can work on both 8-bit and 4-bit mode
 It can also display any custom generated characters
 Available in Green and Blue Backlight

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:

Arduino IDE
Embedded C Programming
The proposed model can be implemented with the hardware components which are specified above.
With the help of the hardware specs, we could design and execute the prototype project. But for
the Software implementation we need an Integrated Development Environment that is ARDUINO
IDE which works on Embedded C programming Language. The Arduino code is uploaded via a
cable using the Arduino ide program, which is installed in Windows. We use the code language as
an embedded C programming language.
The Arduino IDE, which is open-source software, is depicted in FIG. 3.9 and makes it simple to
create code and upload it to the board. “Sketching” is a common term for writing a program or
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piece of code in the Arduino IDE. To upload the sketch created in the Arduino IDE software, we
must connect the Arduino board with the IDE. The sketch has the ".ino" file extension.

Fig 3.8 shows the Arduino IDE software environment:

Fig 3.8 Arduino IDE Software

PROGRAM:

#include <Servo.h>

// create a Servo object

Servo myservo;

// analog input pin for potentiometer

int potPin = A0;

int trigPin = 9; // TRIG pin int

echoPin = 8; // ECHO pin

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float duration_us, distance_cm;

void setup() {

Serial.begin (9600);

// configure the trigger pin to output mode

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
// configure the echo pin to input mode
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

// attach the servo to pin 9

myservo.attach(7);

void loop() {

// generate 10-microsecond pulse to TRIG

pin digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(trigPin,
LOW);

// measure duration of pulse from ECHO pin

duration_us = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

// calculate the distance

distance_cm = 0.017 * duration_us;

// print the value to Serial Monitor

Serial.print("distance: ");
Serial.print(distance_cm);

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 Serial.println(" cm");

delay(500);

// read the potentiometer value int

potValue = analogRead(potPin);

// map the potentiometer value from 0-1023 to 0-180 degrees

int servoPos = map(potValue, 0, 1023, 0, 160);

// move the servo to the mapped position

myservo.write(servoPos);

// wait for 15 milliseconds to allow the servo to reach its position

delay(15);

}
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

The Block Diagram of Robotic Arm for Extricate Operation in Borewell is shown in Fig 3.9:

Fig 3.9 Block diagram of Robotic Arm for Extricate Operation in Borewell

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• The proposed model can be implemented by using key elements like Arduino UNO, Servo Motor and
Robotic Arm
• The distance of the child can be detected by using Ultrasonic sensor and live condition is available in
mobile phone or computer with the help of WEB Camera.
• The pin of the Servo motor is connected to the pin A0 of the Arduino and ground pin and VCC pin
are connected to 5V and ground in the Arduino.
• The pins of the Ultrasonic sensor (TX, RX) are connected to the pin.8 and pin.9 of the Arduino and
ground pin and VCC pin are connected to 5V and ground in the Arduino.
• This is how Arduino interfaced with the Servo Motor and Ultrasonic Sensor.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

The Circuit Diagram of Robotic Arm for Extricate Operation in Borewell is shown in Fig 3.10:

Fig 3.10 Circuit diagram

WORKING:
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In the development of this project Arduino uno, Robotic arm and Servo Motor are used. Arduino
uno is used as the main controller for this project. The microcontroller on the board used is
ATmega328 which acts as a core controller. The servo motor and Arduino is interfaced by using
proper connections based on the circuit diagram. All the parts of the system are controlled
manually outside the borewell using Potentiometer. System is taken inside the borewell using
pulley and rope mechanism to reach up to the child by visualizing through WEB camera which will
be display on our computer as output. Child live position is captured through camera. The distance
of the child can also display using ultrasonic sensor. The harness of the system used in two arms is
very soft so that it does not hurt the child while gripping. The system is rotated using servo motor
according to the child position the child is gripped from suitable position and then the system is
taken out from the borewell by pulling the rope. Hence the child can be safely taken out from the
borewell using this Mechanism.

4. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

This chapter explains about the results of the proposed system:

Few tests were carried out to examine the performance of the system. The proposed system is
tested with a test object (stuff doll) and is observed the performance of the system is quite
satisfactory in rescuing operation also completed in very less time compared to traditional
methods. The prototype has been designed keeping the possible practical issues in mind. The
structure can be made strong enough to sustain all possible loads. A high-resolution camera is
used in the system to identify the position of the baby. The gripper mechanism is operated using
a switch in order to rotate the arm (to align in proper position) and to open and close the
grippers on the arm.

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 Fig 4: Output of the proposed
system

5. CONCLUSION & FUTURESCOPE

Human life is precious. Our bore well child recue system is a significant attempt to save the life of the
victim of bore well accidents. Besides this, the unique capability of climbing through vertical and
inclined pipes makes wide scope of application for this machine in manufacturing industries and other
relevant fields. In the current design of bore well child saver machine has been made to suit every
possible situation May occur in rescuing operation. Further, we would like to conclude that with the
help of our project, we would be able to rescue the child safely within short period of time.

29
 REFERENCES
[1] “Child Rescue System from Open Borewells” Nitin Agarwal1, Hitesh Singhal2, Shobhit Yadav2,
Shubham Tyagi2, Vishaldeep Pathak2, (IRJET) vol: 03, no: 04, May 2019.

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