A Proposed Three Storey Multi Purpose Building at Brgy. Bolo Roxas City Capiz1

A PROPOSED THREE-STOREY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING AT BRGY.
BOLO, ROXAS CITY
JOHN DIEL A. ALCONES

NIEL KNOWELL A. DE FELIPE
DAISY MAE D. FUENTES
JOEZEL ROSE M. PANUNCIO
Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Engineering,

Architecture and Technology, Capiz State University,
Main Campus, Roxas City in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
JUNE 2023
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Fuentes Drive, Roxas City Capiz
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE & TECHNOLOGY
APPROVAL SHEET
Research Title: Proposed Three-Storey Multi-Purpose Building

at Brgy. Bolo, Roxas City
Researchers: John Diel A. Alcones
Niel Knowell A. De Felipe
Daisy Mae D. Fuentes
Joezel Rose M. Panuncio
Course: Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Advisory Committee:
MA CORAZON A. BARCENAS, CE, ME, LPT

Chairman Date
MA. ADELINE D. DIAZ, CE, ME

Member Date
JOEL C. VILLARUZ, CE, ME, PhD

Member Date
Recommending Approval:
ALBERTO PAULO I. CERCADO, EdD

Research Coordinator Date
Approved by:

Dean Date
Research No. _____________________
i
Republic of the Philippines
CAPIZ STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus, Fuentes Drive, Roxas City Capiz
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE & TECHNOLOGY
ACCEPTANCE SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, this
research study entitled “Proposed Three-Storey Multi-
Purpose Building at Brgy. Bolo, Roxas City”, prepared and
submitted by John Diel A. Alcones, Niel Knowell A. De
Felipe, Daisy Mae D. Fuentes and Joezel Rose M. Panuncio,
has been evaluated and recommended for final oral
examination.

Research Adviser
Approved by the Advisory and examining committee with a
grade of ______ on July 2023.
MA. ADELINE D. DIAZ, CE, MEE JOEL C. VILLARUZ, CE, MEE, PhD
Member Member
Chairman
Accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.

Dean
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This study became successful because of the help and
support of countless individuals who gave their precious
time, effort, and guidance. The researchers would like to
express their deepest gratitude, sincere respect, and
appreciation to the following persons:
Their devoted parents, for their endless emotional
and financial support, as well as their guidance and
inspiration, which enabled the researchers, get through
the challenges that they faced.
Engr. Ma. Corazon A. Barcenas, research adviser,
whose patience, direction, and wise leadership have aided
and benefitted the researchers in successfully completing
this project. Thank you so much for your unwavering
support and presence at all times.
Engr. Ma. Adeline D. Diaz, member of the advisory
committee and Program Chair of the Bachelor of Science in
Civil Engineering, for her wise and devoted counsel,
cherished direction, corrections, recommendations,
understanding, encouragement, challenges, and support in
illuminating this research.
Engr. Joel C. Villaruz, member of the advisory
committee and Dean, College of Engineering, Architecture,
and Technology, for his helpful evaluation,
modifications, and sharing of knowledge and thoughts in
iii
the structure-design process that improved the
presentation of the proposed study.
Above all, the Almighty God, who has blessed this
study from the beginning to the conclusion with His
knowledge, wisdom, direction, strength, faith, and
courage.
J. A. A.
N. A. D.
D. D. F.
J. M. P.
iv
DEDICATION
This study was conducted by the four (4) researchers
who put in their efforts and determination to make the
study successful. The researchers would like to thank
Almighty God. He is the one who gave me knowledge,
ability, and flexibility. He always guides the
researchers in the right direction, provides for their
needs, and knows what is best for them. This study is
also dedicated to the parents and families of the
researchers for their financial, moral, and undying
support and for their encouragement in making this study
possible.
The researchers would also like to express their
deepest gratitude to the faculty and staff of College of
Engineering, Architecture and Technology, most especially
to the following: Engr. Ma. Adeline D. Diaz, Engr. Ma.
Corazon A. Barcenas, Engr. Joel C. Villaruz, and Engr.
Carlo F. Cabanus who gave the researchers valuable pieces
of advice, support, considerations and additional
knowledge for the improvement of the study.
The researcher’s friends and classmates, who stood
by them, for their shared ideas, suggestions, and help,
which in any way had worked in the conduct of the study.
To all those the researchers have mentioned, this
study is appreciatively and enthusiastically dedicated.
v
ABSTRACT
John Diel A. Alcones, Niel Knowell A. De Felipe,

Daisy Mae D. Fuentes and Joezel Rose M. Panuncio. Capiz
State University – Roxas City Campus, Roxas City, Capiz,
June 2023. “Proposed Three-Storey Multi-Purpose Building
at Brgy. Bolo, Roxas City”.
Research Adviser: Engr. Ma. Corazon A. Barcenas,CE,ME,LPT
The study of structurally analyzed and designed was
three-storey multi-purpose building conducted at Brgy.
Bolo, Roxas City.
Generally, this study aims to design a Proposed
Three-Storey Multi-Purpose Building at Brgy. Bolo, Roxas
City. Specifically, this study aims to (1) Collect data
through site analysis for the Proposed Three-Storey
Multi-Purpose Building (2) Prepare working plans (3)
Design the structure: (a) structural load analysis (b)
structural design analysis (4) Determine the estimated
total cost of the project (5) Prepare the program of
works and PERT-CPM of the project.
This study focused on the analysis of loads to be
applied to the structure as well as the design of
reinforced concrete beams, slabs, stairs, wall footing,
ramps, columns, and footing. The estimated total costs of
the project were also included in this study to determine
the total cost and duration of the project. The
preparation of the complete building plans is made
possible by using AutoCAD 2020. In designing, the beams
were tabulated with dimensions of 280 mm by 480mm. The
vi
reinforcements used were found to be 2 to 3 pieces, 2 to
4 pieces, 2 to 3 pieces, and 2 to 4 pieces of 16mm, 20mm,
25 mm, and 32 mm diameter reinforced steel bars,
respectively, and stirrups are 10 mm spaced from the
critical section of the beam. Concrete slabs were
designed into two slab systems and one-way slab systems
that resulted in slabs having a uniform thickness of 180
mm with a 12 mm diameter.
For column designs, the dimensions and reinforcement
are 0.41m x 0.41 m. Reinforced steel bars to be used will
be 8 pieces of 20 mm in diameter and 6 to 8 pieces of 28
mm in diameter. Lateral ties to be used were designed to
be 10 mm in diameter and must be spaced at 320 mm
vertically. The proposed building requires one piece of
mat footing. Footing dimensions were designed, which are
1080 m2 x 0.60m with reinforcement main bars of 32mm
diameter and spaced 200mm and 150mm of bars at short and
long directions, respectively. For stairs, the design for
the thread of the stairs was 0.25 m, the rise of the
stairs was 0.18 m, the covering of steel from the
outermost fiber of concrete was 25 mm, and the result was
16mm and 10mm for the main bars and temperature bars,
respectively. The duration of the project is 280 calendar
days, with a total construction cost of 50,526,254.31
pesos.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARIES PAGE
Title Page
Approval Sheet i
Acceptance Sheet ii
Acknowledgement iii
Dedication v
Abstract vi
Table of Contents viii
List of Tables x
List of Figures xii
List of Appendices xv
I INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1

Objectives of the Study 6
Scope and Limitation of the Study 7
Significance of the Study 7
Definition of Terms 9
II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 16
Conceptual Review 16
Foreign and Local Studies 29
III METHODOLOGY 44
Site Investigation 44
Preparation of Working Plans 46
Structural Load Analysis Procedures 47
Structural Design Analysis Procedures 53
Project Cost 65
Duration of the Project 65
viii
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
IV 67
OF DATA
Project Site Investigation 67

Working Plans for the Project 69
Structural Load Analysis 79
Structural Design Analysis 145
Project Cost Estimate 169
Program of Works and PERT/CPM 173
V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 176

Summary 176
Conclusions 178
Recommendations 180
REFERENCES 182
APPENDICES 183
CURRICULUM VITAE
ix
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
List Projected Population of Roxas

2.1 City (Philippine Statistics 18
Authority,2020) values
Amenities of the community evacuation

2.2 center. (Sphere Project International 23
Humanitarian Standards, 2018)
Dead Load and Live Load (National

3.1 Structural Code of the Philippines 45
2015)
Wind Load (National Structural Code

3.2 46
of the Philippines 2015)
Coefficient for Negative Moment in
3.3 57
Slab
Coefficient for Deadload Positive
3.4
Moment in Slabs
Coefficient for Liveload Positive
3.5
Moment in Slabs
Summary Loads for Beams & Column
4.1 82
(Frame-1)
4.2 86
(Frame-2)
4.3 90
(Frame-3)
4.4 94
(Frame-4)
4.5 98
(Frame-5)
4.6 102
(Frame-6)
4.7 106
(Frame-7)
4.8 110
(Frame-8)
x
4.9 114
(Frame-9)
4.10 118
(Frame-10)
4.11 122
(Frame-11)
4.12 126
(Frame-12)
4.13 131
(Frame-13)
4.14 136
(Frame-14)
4.15 141
(Frame-15)
4.16 144
(Frame-16)
4.17 Schedule of Ground Floor Slabs 148
4.18 Schedule of Ground Floor Column 148
4.19 Schedule of Stair 149
4.20 Schedule of Ramps 149
4.21 Schedule of Second Floor Beam 153
4.22 Schedule of Second Floor Column 154
4.23 Schedule of Second Floor Slab 154
4.24 Schedule of Third Floor Beam 158
4.25 Schedule of Third Floor Column 158
4.26 Schedule of Third Floor Slab 159
4.27 Schedule of Roof Slab Beam 162
4.28 Schedule of Roof Slab 162
4.29 Bill of Materials and Estimate 169
4.30 Summary of Project Cost and Estimate 173
xi
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
Residents who evacuated at the

1.1 Dinggoy Roxas Civic Center ahead of 3
the onslaught of Typhoon “Odette”
Houses burned down in Brgy. Culasi,

1.2 3
Roxas City
City government’s 52-bed for Covid-
1.3 4
19 asymptomatic patients
Hazard Map of Roxas City (Capiz

2.1 Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction 20
and Management Office, 2017)
Situational Report of Typhoon Paeng

2.2 (Roxas Disaster Risk Reduction and 21
Management Office,2022)
Multi-purpose at Guiuan, Eastern

2.3 35
Samar
4.1 Vicinity Map 67
4.2 Lot Plan & Site Development Plan 68
4.3 Perspective 70
4.4 Ground Floorplan 71
4.5 Second Floorplan 72
4.6 Third Floorplan 73
4.7 Rooftop Floorplan 74
4.8 Front Elevation 75
4.9 Rear Elevation 76
4.10 Right Elevation 77
4.11 Left Elevation 78
4.12 Isometric Frame 79
4.13 Frame 1 Lateral Load Analysis 81
4.14 Frame 1 Vertical Load Analysis 81
xii
4.45 Foundation Plan 146
4.46 First Floor Framing Plan (Slab) 147
4.47 Second Floor Framing Plan (Beam) 151
4.48 Second Floor Framing Plan (Slab) 152
4.49 Third Floor Framing Plan (Beam) 156
4.50 Third Floor Framing Plan (Slab) 157
4.51 Rooftop Framing Plan (Beam) 161
4.52 Rooftop Framing Plan (Slab) 162
4.53 Detailed Design of Beam (RB-1) 164
4.54 Detailed Design of Slab (S-1) 165
4.55 Detailed Design of Column (C-1) 166
Elevation of Column-Footing (F1-C1,
4.56 166
C3, C5)
xiii
4.57 Typical Raft Footing 167
4.58 Raft Footing Detailed Section 168
4.59 Network Diagram 174
4.60 S-Curve 175
xiv
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix PAGE
A Gantt Chart 189
B Project Description 190
C Working Plans 191
D Structural Load Analysis 224
E Structural Design Analysis 247
F Project Cost and Estimate 280
xv
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Multi-purpose buildings are essential in every
municipality for the reason that it provides the people
in a community with a conducive and more comfortable
venue for social and public events. This will also serve
as a place for education, livelihood projects and other
recreational activities. More so, will serve as temporary
shelter for our people in times of disasters, calamities,
pandemics and other emergency situations. (UNICEF)
One of the environmental problems that the world is
facing currently is climate change. As stated in
Integrated Disaster Science and Management: Global Case
Studies in Mitigation and Recovery published in 2018,
“anthropogenic climate change is contributing to stronger
typhoons due to higher sea surface temperatures and
higher subsurface sea temperatures which removes the
natural buffer on typhoon strength that colder water from
below the ocean’s surface causes. Sea-level rise
resulting from climate change will also worsen the
effects of these strong typhoons. The Philippines is
becoming more vulnerable to stronger cyclones with its
rapidly growing population.” (UNDRR, 2022)
1
2
The City of Roxas is one of the areas in Capiz where
the frequency of flooding and landslides triggered by
typhoons is high. Given that the Philippines suffers from
an average of 20 tropical cyclones annually, with about
50% crossing the country and hitting the greater Visayas
group of islands, including Region VI (UNDRR, 2022), and
considering the effect of climate change in the formation
of stronger typhoons, it is important that an evacuation
center that could protect the lives of the people in
Roxas City be constructed.
At the time that this study was being devised, there
was no functioning facility dedicated as an evacuation
center in Roxas City.
Based on the records obtained from the Roxas City
DRRMO (2021), a total of 213 families composed of 713
individuals moved to covered courts and schools in
classrooms to serve as evacuation shelters on December
15, 2021 as shown in figure 1.1.
Another instance is a human-induced disaster in
Brgy. Culasi last February 21, 2019. Figure 1.2 shows a
fire incident that caused a total of 54 families and
forty-three residential houses to burned down. Four
Families or 16 persons took temporary shelter at their
Barangay Hall while 50 Families or 256 persons have
temporarily stayed with their relatives and/or friends.
(DSWD DROMIC Terminal Report, 2019)

3
Figure 1.1. Residents who evacuated at the Dinggoy Roxas

Civic Center ahead of the onslaught of Typhoon “Odette”.
(Photo from Ronnie Dadivas Facebook/Manila Bulletin)
Figure 1.2. Houses burned down in Brgy. Culasi, Roxas

City. (Photo from RMN Roxas News Team)
4
Additionally, during the outbreak of the COVID-19
pandemic, which started in the year 2020, the facility
called "Capiz Kabalaka Isolation Facility," which used to
be a basketball court and venue for cultural shows as
well as other indoor activities, was utilized as a
quarantine area for COVID-19 asymptomatic patients in
August 2020. It was established as a support facility for
the local government units that could accommodate the
cases at their level.
Figure 1.3. City government’s 52-bed for Covid-19

asymptomatic patients. (Photo from Roxas City, Capiz PIA)
A provision stated in the Local Government Code of
1991, oftentimes referred to as Republic Act (R.A.) 7160,
states that Local Government Units, specifically the
governing body for each province, are mandated to provide

5
emergency shelter to families affected by natural or man-
made disasters. This provision heightens the need for the
construction of an evacuation center in Roxas City.
Also, the covered courts and schools designated as
evacuation shelters are deficient in safety since these
facilities are not designed to be used during calamities
and have deteriorated after more than 30 to 50 years
since their establishment.
The proposed location for the evacuation center,
which was given by Roxas City Hall, is located in
Barangay Bolo, Roxas City. Through the site investigation
done by the researchers, it was concluded that the site
was appropriate for the planned building.
The researchers considered the usability of the
building and concluded that to maximize the usefulness of
the proposed building, it would be better to design it as
a multi-purpose building with the intention that the
building could still be utilized even without emergency
situations. This conclusion was also made upon the
recommendation of Engr. Diaz.
The multi-purpose building will cater to more
communal activities as compared to the common designs of
multi-purpose buildings constructed around Capiz. It is a
multi-purpose facility that can attract more users and
create a higher utilization rate by holding a wider range
of activities and events. In addition, LGUs can generate

6
income by renting out the facility to host various
events.
Building a dedicated multi-purpose building that
have basic facilities and adequate emergency supplies,
such as water, medicine and relief goods is necessary so
that the residents of Roxas City will no longer overcrowd
in covered courts and schools. It does not only provide
safety from the elements but also adds to the social
cohesion of the community by acting as a multi-purpose
center on a daily basis. (UNICEF, 2016)
Recognizing the vulnerability and susceptibility of
the city from the impacts of natural or human-induced
hazards as stated above, along with the lack of an
appropriate place to hold events in the city, the
researchers proposed a Three-Storey Multi-Purpose
Building at Brgy. Bolo, Roxas City.
Objectives of the Study
Generally, this study intends to construct a Three-
Storey Multi-purpose Building at Brgy. Bolo, Roxas City.
Specifically, this study aims to:
1. Collect data through site analysis.
2. Prepare working plans
3. Design the structure: (a) structural load
analysis (b) structural design analysis
4. Determine the estimated total cost

7
5. Prepare the program of works and PERT-CPM of the
project.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study comprises the planning and designing of
the three-storey multi-purpose building in Barangay Bolo,
Roxas City, with the application of the building design
guidelines.
This study encompasses the site development plan,
working plans, cost or estimate of the project,
construction activities, and the PERT/CPM of the project.
The Multi-Purpose Building will be designed to be
used as an evacuation center, a training center for
livelihood programs, and a venue for events such as
medical missions and seminars.
Significance of the Study
Generally, the goal of this research was to develop
and design a three-storey multipurpose building that
would fulfill the needs of the residents of Roxas City,
especially during calamities. Researchers significantly
conducted this study specifically for the benefit of the
following:
8
A. Residents
a. Students/Trainees - With a facility made to
cater to the needs of effective learning,
students and trainees would be able to have a
more learning-oriented environment.
b. Evacuees – The building may also be used to
help evacuees during natural disasters such as
typhoons, floods, fires, and other emergency
situations. The construction would most likely
prioritize accommodating PWDs (Persons with
Disabilities). It may provide temporary refuge
and housing for people whose lives are in
danger.
c. Local Government Units (LGUs) - The structure
may be used for educational-related grants and
government initiatives. It may also be used to
hold seminars and meetings. The people would be
assured of their welfare since it would be
designed with utmost caution. Necessities will
also be provided easily to the people due to
their close proximity to the authorities.
d. Medical Practitioners – The building capacity
of the structures will be a great help to
medical practitioners who are assisting people
with illness since they will be able to provide
medical treatment to them. The immediate

9
response of first aid will reduce the number of
deaths caused by disasters and tragedies.
e. Future Researchers - This study can potentially
serve as a reference to incoming researchers in
designing a multi-purpose building.
B. Roxas City as a whole
Furthermore, if the Capiz State University Main
Campus accepts the researchers' project study proposal,
the impending dilemma caused by the lack of local
preparedness during calamities or disasters would be
solved. It is necessary for the residents of Roxas City
to ensure their safety and provide them with a minimum
standard of living and care for the duration of their
stay in the planned multi-purpose building. The
researchers also recommend this three-story multipurpose
structure because it will add to the social cohesion of
the community by acting as a multipurpose center on a
daily basis.
Definition of Terms
For better understanding of the study, the following
terms were conceptually and operationally defined.
Multi-Purpose Buildings are often used to provide
educational and social services to the communities, and
as venues for various activities such as medical and
dental missions, seminars, mass vaccination sites,
temporary shelter for those evacuated from their houses

10
as a result of a disaster, and other social activities
(Tecson, et. al., 2022).
In this study, it refers to a structure that would
serve as an evacuation center during calamities and times
without disaster, a training center for livelihood
programs, and a venue for events such as medical missions
and seminars.
Persons with disabilities (PWDs), according the UN
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,
include those who have long-term physical, mental,
intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction
with various barriers may hinder their full and effective
participation in society on an equal basis with others
(DOH).
In this study, this refers to the people with
disability in Roxas City, Capiz.
Resident is someone who lives somewhere particular,
or a doctor-in-training who takes care of the patients at
a hospital under the supervision of other doctors
(Vocabulary, 2023).
In this study, this refers to a citizen living in
Roxas City, Capiz.
Evacuee - someone who is evacuated from a dangerous
place. (Cambridge Dictionary, 2023)

11
In this study, this refers to a person who needs a
temporary shelter because of an impending or a disaster
that has occurred.
Natural disasters include all types of severe
weather, which have the potential to pose a significant
threat to human health and safety, property, critical
infrastructure, and homeland security. Natural disasters
occur both seasonally and without warning, subjecting the
nation to frequent periods of insecurity, disruption, and
economic loss. These resources serve to prepare IHEs for
a variety of natural disasters, including winter storms,
floods, tornados, hurricanes, wildfires, earthquakes, or
any combination thereof (DHS.gov, 2022).
In this study, this refers to catastrophes caused by
any of Earth's natural phenomena.
Human-induced hazards are those resulting from
modifications of natural processes in the Earth's system
caused by human activities that accelerate/aggravate the
damage potential (e.g., land degradation, landslides, and
forest fires) (Jigyasu, et. al., 2021).
In this study, it refers to disasters caused by
human negligence.
Asymptomatic Patients - People who are asymptomatic
show no signs or symptoms of an illness or disease, but
can still transmit the virus that causes the disease to
others (Ames, et. al., 2021).

12
In this study, it refers to the people who has a
Covid-19 but doesn’t show any sign of symptoms.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious
disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people
infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate
respiratory illness and recover without requiring special
treatment. However, some will become seriously ill and
require medical attention (WHO, 2023).
In this study, it refers to the disease or illness
that caused a pandemic and spread all throughout the
globe.
Portal method is based on the assumption that, for
each storey of the frame, the interior columns will take
twice as much shear force as the exterior columns
(Erochko, 2020).
In this study, it refers to the procedure utilized
in each frame structure's lateral load analysis.
Structural Analysis is the prediction of the
performance of a given structure under prescribed loads
and/or other external effects, such as support movements
and temperature changes (De Justo, et. al., 2016).
In this study, it refers to the method used to
calculate the quantity of stresses or stress resultants
induced by a particular loading situation, such as axial
forces, shear forces, bending moments, deflections, and
support responses.
13
Structural Design is a method or tool by which we
find out safe and economical specifications of a
structure or a member of the structure sufficient to
carry the load (www.civilsimplified.com).
In this study, it refers to the approach used to
determine cross-sectional dimensions, material grade, and
the quantity of reinforcement required to withstand the
internal stresses determined by structural analysis.
Dead Loads (DL) - The structure first of all carries
the dead load, which includes its own weight, the weight
of any permanent non-structural partitions, built-in
cupboards, floor surfacing materials and other finishes.
It can be worked out precisely from the known weights of
the materials and the dimensions on the working drawings
(www.boeingconsult.com).
In this study, this refers to the weight of
structural members such as beams, columns, girders, and
so on, and is likewise based on the 2015 National
Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP).
Live Loads (LL) - All the movable objects in a
building such as people, desks, cupboards and filing
cabinets produce an imposed load on the structure. This
loading may come and go with the result that its
intensity will vary considerably (www.boeingconsult.com).
In this study, it refers to the load generated by
the use and occupancy of a multi-purpose building

14
structure in accordance with the National Structural Code
of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015.
Wind load is the load, in pounds per square foot,
placed on the exterior of a structure by wind. This will
depend on: The angle at which the wind strikes the
structure (campus.extension.org).
In this study, it refers to the load generated by
winds to the multi-purpose building structure in
accordance with the National Structural Code of the
Philippines (NSCP) 2015.
National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP)
is a code that establishes minimum requirements for
structural systems using prescriptive and performance-
based provisions (NSCP, 2015).
In this study, this code is used as reference in
getting the minimum loads of the structure.
National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) is
the policy or provision of the state to safeguard life,
health, property, and public welfare, consistent with the
principles of sound environmental management and control;
and to this end, make it the purpose of this code to
provide for all buildings and structures, a framework of
minimum standards and requirements to regulate and
control their location, site, design quality of
materials, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance
(NBCP, 2010).
15
In this study, operational definition is the same
with conceptual definition.
PERT/CPM (Program Evaluation Review Technique/
Critical Path Method) is a control tool for defining the
parts of construction job and then putting them together
in a network form. It serves the project manager to see
the whole picture of the entire job. (Fajardo, 2000)
In this study, it refers to the method used to
calculate the duration of the project as well as the
activity that falls inside the critical route.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter provides related literature and studies
taken from different sources that are related to the
present study.
Functions of a Multi-purpose Building:
1. Evacuation Center
A. The Philippine's Risk Profile
One of the nations with the highest risk of natural
disasters is the Philippines. Its islands frequently
experience floods, typhoons, landslides, earthquakes,
volcanoes, and droughts due to its location at the
boundary of major tectonic plates and at the center of a
typhoon belt. Undoubtedly, floods and storms have been
the threats that most frequently occur. The nation must
embrace disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) and
climate change adaptation due to the increased frequency,
intensity, and variability of hydro-meteorological
disasters (CCA). Increases in levels of vulnerability
especially in areas affected by internal disputes need
attention in order to reduce losses of human lives,
property, crops, information, natural resources, and
other assets in all parts of the country (NDRRMP, 2011).
Hazards turn into disasters when people, resources,
and other components are exposed to risks, and
16
17
the capacity to cope with the effects are insufficient.
People who experience poverty and poor socioeconomic
situations are the most vulnerable during disasters. Some
regions of the nation are more susceptible to certain
dangers than others since they are exposed to more
hazards. The Philippines is one of the nations where a
sizable portion of the population lives in disaster-prone
areas, according to a 2005 analysis of natural disaster
hotspots by the Hazard Management Unit of the World Bank.
The Philippines is also the third-most disaster-risk
country in the world, according to the 2011 World Risk
Report from the United Nations University and the
Institute of Environment and Human Security, which
examines four aspects of risk such as exposure,
susceptibility, coping, and adaptive capacity (NDRRMP,
2011).
B. Profile of Roxas City
Roxas City, formerly known as Capiz, is a coastal
component city in the province of Capiz. It serves as the
provincial capital. The city has a land area of 95.07
square kilometers or 36.71 square miles which constitutes
3.66% of Capiz's total area. It has a total of 47
barangays and this represented 22.27% of the total
population of Capiz province, or 2.25% of the overall
population of the Western Visayas region. Based on these
figures, the population density is computed at 1,886

18
inhabitants per square kilometer or 4,884 inhabitants per
square mile.
Based on the 2020 Census, the City has a population
of 179,292 people. The table that follows illustrates the
population of Roxas City that grew from 21,472 in 1903 to
179,292 in 2020, an increase of 157,820 people over the
course of 117 years. The latest census figures in 2020
denote a positive growth rate of 1.51%, or an increase of
12,289 people, from the previous population of 167,003 in
2015.
Census date Population Growth rate
1903 Mar 2 21,472 –
1918 Dec 31 22,022 0.16%
1939 Jan 1 29,021 1.39%
1948 Oct 1 32,353 1.12%
1960 Feb 15 49,326 3.78%
1970 May 6 67,648 3.14%
1975 May 1 71,305 1.06%
1980 May 1 81,183 2.63%
1990 May 1 103,171 2.43%
1995 Sep 1 118,715 2.66%
2000 May 1 126,352 1.35%
2007 Aug 1 147,738 2.18%
2010 May 1 156,197 2.05%

19
2015 Aug 1 167,003 1.28%
2020 May 1 179,292 1.51%
Table 2.1. Projected Population of Roxas

City (Philippine Statistics Authority,
2020).
Roxas City is one of the areas in Capiz where the
frequency of flooding and landslides triggered by
typhoons are high given that the Philippines suffers from
an average of 20 tropical cyclones annually with about
50% crossing the country and hitting the greater Visayas
group of island including Region VI. The City experiences
extreme seasonal variation in monthly rainfall which
sometimes leads to flash floods that destroy significant
areas of agricultural crops. The month with the most rain
is October, with an average rainfall of 8.9 inches while
the month with the least rain is March, with an average
rainfall of 1.6 inches. The peak of the typhoon season
is usually in July through October. Figure 2.1 is a
depiction of the areas in Roxas City that is considered
hazardous in times of floods. (PAGASA, 2023)

20
HAZARD MAP OF ROXAS CITY

PROVINCE OF CAPIZ
Figure 2.1. Hazard Map of Roxas City (Capiz

Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Office, 2017)
21
As shown by the Hazard Map, Roxas City does have its
share of flood waters in barangay Dumulog, Cogon, Bato
Gabuan, Mongpong, Libas, Barra, Banica, Bolo, Bato, Tiza,
Dayao, Baybay, Punta Tabuc, and Adlawan. Figure 2.2 shows
the Situational Report of the recent typhoon “Paeng” that
struck the City last November 05, 2022. According to the
data gathered by the Roxas DRRMO there were several
barangays which were not flood-proned but were flooded in
this recent typhoon. In result, they are conducting an
ongoing tests and investigation on the addition of flood
prone areas in Roxas City.
Figure 2.2. Situational Report of Typhoon Paeng

(Roxas Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office,
2022)
22
C. Emergency Shelters
Many people's homes are destroyed in disasters; most
are flattened to the ground. Victims can find some solace
and protection in temporary shelters, which are also
often referred to as evacuation centers. It serves as
both a temporary "home" for individuals and a secure
haven for sources of income and priceless items to flee
to during calamities. During calamities, the provision of
sufficient temporary shelters is of utmost significance
and must be taken into account. When planning, siting,
building, removing, or storing temporary shelter, several
considerations must be taken into account (NDRRMP, 2011).
D. Physical amenities of an Evacuation Center
In 2014, the Philippine government, through the
DSWD, instituted Joint Memorandum Circular No. 1 series
of 2013, Guidelines on Evacuation Centre Coordination and
Management, based on the principles of The Sphere
Project. The design of a community evacuation center
should include inputs from The Sphere Project
International Humanitarian Standards, the DSWD Guidelines
on Evacuation Centre Coordination and Management, and the
natural environment, climate, hazards, local cultural
practices, community demographics and capacity of the
existing community. Below are the following parameters

23
that defined the building performance and amenities of a
community evacuation center.
EXTENDED DISPLACEMENT
DISASTER EVENT
(>72 hours)
(<72 hours)
The center provides life- The center provides
saving shelter: temporary accommodation:
1.5 s.qm covered area per 3.5 s.qm covered area per
person person
1/50 latrines per person 1/20 latrines per person
3 liters drinking water 3 liters drinking water
per person per day per person per day
12 liters water for 40 liters water for
domestic use per person domestic use per person.
per day.
Table 2.2. Amenities of the community evacuation

center. (Sphere Project International Humanitarian
Standards, 2018).
Careful selection of an evacuation center site and
management of the center is necessary. The information
below provides guidance for adequate planned facilities
of an emergency center based on the Joint Memorandum
Circular No. 1 series of 2013.

24
 Location
Accessibility of the location is also important it
should be near to hospitals and water district of the
City. There should be no nearby large trees, structures
or stores that use hazardous materials or high voltage
power lines. Evacuees should be accommodated near to
their homes. If the nature of the emergency is such that
the evacuation site is likely to be affected (e.g. power,
water and/or sanitation failures) then it is preferable
to move people to a site of safety.
 Areas required
The center may require:
1. Administration/ staff area
2. Registration Area
3. Mud/disinfecting area
4. Storage Area
5. Sleeping area (including “addresses” within the
sleeping area so that the evacuees can be easily
located for follow up of social or medical
issues).
6. Eating area
7. Shower and toilet facilities.
8. Kitchen/food preparation area
9. Hand washing stations
10. Rubbish collection area
11. Command centers

25
12. Couple room
13. Clinic area
14. Breastfeeding room
15. Isolation area for potentially infectious
people
16. Laundry
17. Child - Friendly Spaces (CFS)
18. Crèche
19. Special purpose areas (e.g. depending on the
population, a prayer area)
20. Pet holding area
2. Government Programs
The Philippine Government conducts different
programs to improve the quality of life of the Filipinos.
Some of these programs are Sustainable Livelihood
Programs, Malnutrition Reduction Program, and Residential
Care Facilities. (DSWD)
The Sustainable Livelihoods Program (SLP) is a
capacity-building program of the Department of Social
Welfare and Development (DSWD) that provides
opportunities to improve the productivity of poor,
vulnerable and marginalized communities in order to
improve their socioeconomic well-being. The program aims
to enhance human wealth through Tech-Voc and life skills
training, enrich natural assets that protect and
contribute in community livelihoods, and increase social

26
wealth through membership and networking in SLP
associations. Its purpose is to establish or acquire
tangible assets for living. Under the SLP, beneficiaries
have the opportunity to enroll in either the micro-
enterprise development track or the employment
facilitation track after participating in social
preparation and development activities. (NEDA, 2019)
Administered by the Department of Science and
Technology - Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-
FNRI), the Malnutrition Reduction Program (MRP) is an
extension of the statewide strategy DOST PINOY (Package
for Improved Infant Nutrition). The MRP included direct
feeding of rice-mongo-based complementary diet to 6
months to below 3 years old children and nutrition
education to the mother/caregiver.
Regional Rehabilitation Center for Youth (RRCY) is
residential facilities for children between the ages of
15 and 18 who are in trouble with the law. It provides
24-hour individual and group care, treatment and
rehabilitation services under the guidance of trained
staff, and residents receive care in a structured
therapeutic environment.
3. Training Center
The common goals of Community Learning Centers are
to empower local residents to become self-reliant, to

27
improve the quality of life of citizens, to promote
community development, and to recognize and address the
diverse needs of communities. In Kazakhstan, CLCs are
established in some disadvantaged areas. Their evaluation
has reported positive impacts in different areas. Most
importantly, it was empowering individuals. Unemployment
rates are falling as people use their new skills to find
jobs or start their own businesses in all districts where
CLCs operate. CLCs were also improving entrepreneurship
skills in the community since training has helped
increase the efficiency of local industries. For example,
in the Amanbokter district, training in cheese making has
helped transform the ailing rural dairy industry into a
profitable activity that produces a valuable end product
that can be sold in local markets. Several CLCs have
programs to promote tolerance of locals towards other
nationalities and ethnic groups, which leads to more
peaceful coexistence. Additionally, the empowerment of
many women through CLC training has created a more modern
attitude towards gender equality. (UNESCO,2016)
4. Medical Missions and health programs
“A lack of health literacy can affect not just a
patient’s personal health, but also the public’s overall
health. The COVID-19 is a perfect example of how
important health is. The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed
how inadequate health literacy heightens health

28
inequities faced by individuals, especially the minority
and disadvantaged groups. Nonetheless, the number of
health professionals and non-government organizations’
medical mission efforts has increased.” (CHILDHOPE
Philippines)
Both public and private institutions undertake
medical missions to help the less fortunate in attending
to their health needs. During medical missions, different
services are provided such as medical consultations,
basic laboratory tests and dental check-ups, as well as
proper and complete dosage of medicines. It is important
to consider the safety of the volunteers and the people
who will receive their help.
Case Study
A. Foreign Studies
i. Learning from Mega disasters: Lessons from the
Great East Japan Earthquake
Findings
After the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), nearly
2,500 evacuation centers were established in the
disaster-affected Tohoku region; additional centers were
also located outside of Tohoku. At peak occupancy, more
than 470,000 people were staying at these centers. Most
facilities, such as schools and community centers, were

29
publicly owned and had been designated as evacuation
centers even before the GEJE. Right after the GEJE,
several private facilities such as hotels and temples
were also enlisted as the need for centers far exceeded
expectations; also, a number of evacuees stayed with
their relatives or friends. Evacuees gradually moved out
of the centers as the construction of transition shelters
progressed. Within four months after the disaster, about
75 percent of evacuation centers were closed, although
some centers in Tohoku stayed open if nine months.
Not enough supplies. Given the magnitude of the
disaster and the number of evacuees, most evacuation
facilities lacked enough supplies of food, water,
clothes, and blankets. In the first days and weeks
following the disaster, transporting these essentials to
the centers was hampered by damaged roads and a shortage
of vehicles and fuel.
Lack of water and power. Furthermore, water and
power supply systems were damaged in most of the
disaster-affected areas, and in some places were not
restored even after one month. These problems made life
miserable for the evacuees
Gender sensitivity. One of the problems cited at
many of the centers was a lack of gender sensitivity.
There simply was not enough privacy for anyone,

30
particularly not for female evacuees—many did not have
private spaces where they could change their clothes or
breast-feed their babies. Many centers eventually
installed partitions, but it was often too late
Welfare shelters for those with special need. Many
experts have pointed out that evacuees tend to suffer
from tremendous stress, especially children, and
therefore need special mental health care and counseling
services as evacuation periods extend. But the
availability of such services varied from center to
center.
Among the numerous lessons learned over the past
decade of GEJE reconstruction and analysis, They
highlighted three common themes that have emerged
repeatedly through the examples of good practices
gathered across various sectors. First is the importance
of planning. Even though disasters will always be
unexpected, if not unprecedented, planning for disasters
has benefits both before and after they occur. Second is
that resilience is strengthened when it is shared. After
a decade since GEJE, to strengthen the resilience of
infrastructure, preparedness, and finance for the next
disaster, throughout Japan national and local
governments, infrastructure developers and operators,
businesses and industries, communities and households are

31
building back better systems by prearranging mechanisms
for risk reduction, response and continuity through
collaboration and mutual support. Third is that
resilience is an iterative process. Many adaptations
were made to the policy and regulatory frameworks after
the GEJE. Many past disasters show that resilience is an
interactive process that needs to be adjusted and
sustained over time, especially before a disaster
strikes.
B. Local Studies
i. Building Safe Spaces For The Community
A Practical Guide for Constructing Disaster-Resilient
Community Centers in the Philippines
Background
In 2014, IOM or International Organization for
Migration conducted an assessment on the usability of
evacuation centres in Eastern Samar after Typhoon Haiyan.
The assessment evaluated 634 evacuation centres located
in 10 of the hardest hit municipalities. The results
showed that of the 634 designated evacuation centres,
only 8 per cent were deemed usable; and of the 92 per
cent assessed as unusable, 26 per cent were destroyed and
66 per cent severely damaged. The catastrophic damage to
these evacuation centres caused numerous deaths and
injuries due to the combination of substandard
construction, extreme winds and storm surges. The

32
assessment stressed the urgent need to construct or
rehabilitate safer and stronger evacuation centres in
Eastern Samar in accordance with international and
national engineering guidelines (IOM, 2014).
In 2015, IOM and UNICEF published a set of
guidelines e to enhance the network of evacuation centres
in Eastern Samar and supported the construction of two
fit-for-purpose evacuation centres that will act as
protective shelters from natural hazards such as floods,
typhoons and earthquakes, and, alternatively, when not in
use as evacuation centres - as multi-purpose centres for
community-based activities. This publication emphasizes
the necessary processes, tips, tools and lessons learnt
during project implementation - from initiation and
planning, to design and construction, and finally
sustainable operation and maintenance of the building. It
serves as a practical guide for agencies and
organizations that would like to learn from and/or
replicate the project’s good practices.
What to consider when selecting a project site:
1. Is it close to the home site of vulnerable
communities?
2. Is the route going to the site safe?
3. Is it accessible to people (including those with
special needs such as children, pregnant women, the

33
elderly and persons with disability), public
transport, trucks and other vehicles?
4. Is the site free from secondary hazards
(flooding, landslide,
erosion, earthquake) in accordance with the multi-
hazard mapping/ hazard assessment?
5. Is the site feasible for income-generating
opportunities to support maintenance costs?
What to consider when designing the building?
• Cost efficiency of construction and operation
• Integration of local architectural design
• Short time frame for construction
• Adherence to minimum standards for short-term
relief response
• Dual functionality as evacuation shelter and
community center
• Ease in maintenance and high durability
• Aid to local community livelihoods
• Potential installation of rainwater tanks and
integrated solar power systems for self sufficiency
• Provision for site enhancements such as parking,
children’s playground and space for tents
• Opportunity for public awareness on local DRR
initiatives.
34
Design Specifications
- Location: Guiuan, Eastern Samar
- Structural Load: Wind - Category 5 Typhoon
- Earthquake Magnitude 8 (>8 km from seismic source)
- Building Life Span: Up to 50 years
- Gross Floor Area: 750 sq.m
- Capacity: 350+ persons Duration: 9 months
Figure 2.3. Multi-Purpose at Guiuan,

Eastern Samar
35
Open Floor Plan
For multi-purpose functions during normal times and
emergency:
Strong Sightlines throughout the open plan to
improve passive surveillance and security and mitigate
gender-based violence and bullying.
Wash Facilities adhere to the minimum standards in
humanitarian response and consider local needs and
customs.
Corrugated Galvanized Iron (CGI) Roofing on steel
structure with additional wire mesh layer protects from
damages caused by flying debris. It has framing and
fixing details to endure sustained wind speeds up to 300
kph.
Parapet Wall and reinforced roof fixings protect
roof from strong winds and mitigate wind uplift.
Stairs and Perimeter Circulation facilitate many
people entering and exiting the building rapidly and
provide a buffer to the interior of the building.
Ramps and Handrails improve accessibility for people
with special needs including children, the elderly and
persons with disability.

36
Upper Level Floor Plan
 Lightweight privacy partitions (depicted by dashes)
can be fabricated to create smaller sections for
breastfeeding, child-friendly spaces and as private
accommodations for vulnerable families during
evacuation and extended displacement. During normal
times, partitions can be assembled to make meeting
rooms or spaces for simultaneous activities.
 Generously proportioned ramp and stairs allow many
people to rapidly and safely enter and exit the
building.
 Balcony over main entrance for socializing and civic
presence.
Lower Level Floor Plan
 Covered main entrance for socializing (with space for
evacuee registration and information/notice boards).
 Storeroom for bulk storage of emergency response
supplies.
 Ventilated room for emergency generator and fuel
storage.
37
ii. Proposed Two-Storey Multi-Purpose Green Building at
Brgy. Bagong Pook, Malvar Batangas
The office of the barangay in Bagong Pook, Malvar,
Batangas, wished to build an eco-friendly multi-purpose
building. This will be a two-storey building with eco-
friendly innovations. Ensuring near 100% efficiency of
the green design requires extensive consideration of the
design of environmentally friendly structures. The main
objectives of green design are to be environmentally
friendly, resource efficient, and utilize renewable
resources. The proponents looked for the most effective
and efficient designs to follow the eco-friendly plan for
the project without compromising people's safety. In
designing this project, a group of civil engineering
students sought to come up with an environmentally
friendly building intended for a variety of purposes,
which includes serving as a venue for different
activities, a place for public and private meetings, and
an evacuation center. The proposed project design was
estimated to cost Php 2,848,567.69 and can be completed
within 162 days.

38
Codes and Laws
i. National building code of the Philippines (PD 1096)
Section 707. Maximum Height of Buildings
Table VII.2. Building Height Limit (BHL) by Type of
Use or Occupancy
Institutional
15.00 meters (or must follow the duly approved BHL
in the major zone it is part of)
Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading/Unloading
Space Requirements
a. The parking slot, parking area and
loading/unloading space requirements listed
hereafter are generally the minimum off-street cum
on-site requirements for specific uses/occupancies
for buildings/structures, i.e., all to be located
outside of the road right-of-way (RROW).
b. The size of an average automobile (car) parking
slot must be computed at 2.50 meters by 5.00 meters
for perpendicular or diagonal parking and at
2.15 Meters by 6.00 meters for parallel parking. A
standard truck or bus parking/loading slot must be
computed at a minimum of 3.60 meters by 12.00
meters.
39
Section 805. Ceiling Heights
a. Habitable rooms with natural ventilation shall
have a ceiling height not less than 2.70 meters
b. Habitable rooms with artificial ventilation
shall have ceiling heights not less than 2.40 meters
measure from the floor to the ceiling.
ii. BP 344 the accessibility Law
WALKWAYS + PASSAGES
• Walkways should be kept as level as possible and
provided with slip-resistant material.
• Maximum gradient: 1:20
• Maximum cross gradient: 1:100
• Minimum width: 1.20 m
• Minimum walkway headroom: 2.00 m HANDRAILS
• Handrails shall be installed at 0.90 m and 0.70 m
above steps or ramps.
• For protection at great heights, they may be
installed at 1.0 m to 1.06 m.
• A 0.30 m long extension of the handrail should be
provided at the start and end of ramps and stairs.
RAMPS
• Changes in level require a ramp except when served
by a dropped curb, an elevator or other mechanical
device
• Minimum clear width of ramps: 1.20 m.
• Maximum gradient of ramps: 1:12 DOORS

40
• All doors shall have a minimum clear width of 0.80 m
• Doorknobs and other hardware should be located
between 0.82 m. and 1.06 m. above the floor; 0.90 is
preferred
iii. DILG memorandum Circular no. 122 series of 2018
5. Policy Content
5.1 establishment of resilient evacuation center:
5.1.2 Minimum design Requirements:
5.1.2.2 It shall be designed in such way that good
fresh air ventilation and high levels of natural
light are ensured upon operation;
5.1.2.3 It shall allow for the installation of
temporary partitions within the facility as a means
of maintaining the privacy of evacuees;
5.1.2.4. It shall have, at the minimum, the
following basic features:
5.1.2.4.1 DRMM and/or Camp Management Desk or
Office;
5.1.2.4.2 Separate toilet and bathing facilities.
Ratio 1:20 persons
5.1.2.4.3 At least one toilet per evacuation center
for PWDs
5.1.2.4.4 An average space allocation of 1.33 sq. m
per person for shelter and accommodation.
5.1.2.4.5 Breastfeeding are/ lactation station;

41
5.1.2.4.6 Other facilities and physical provisions
that will help guarantee human living conditions of
evacuees. Such physical provisions include but not
limit to ramps, childcare area and healthcare
facilities
5.1.2.4.7 Rainwater harvesting and collecting
facilities
5.1.2.4.8 other standards and facilities prescribed
in DSWD-DILG- DOH-DepEd joint memorandum circular
no. 1 series of 2013, entitled “guidelines on
evacuation center coordination and management” (e.g.
community kitchen, solid waste, disposal facilities,
laundry spaces etc.) should also be considered in
the building’s design, provided that spatial (i.e.
land area, floor area), demographic (i.e. number and
type of possible users/evacuees), and resource-
related factors are taken into account.

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methods used in analyzing
and designing the structure. It describes the processes
and procedures used to investigate the loads applied
vertically and horizontally and deals with the empirical
formula that was used to design the proposed three-storey
multi-purpose building in Barangay Bolo, Roxas City.
Also, comprises the design criteria, design and
preparation of plans, structural analysis, structural
design, cost analysis, and duration of the project. In
preparing the building plans of the conceptualized
facility, multiple engineering applications have been
utilized, along with the knowledge of the researchers and
the standards and specifications set forth by the
National Building Code of the Philippines (NSCP), in
designing safe multipurpose buildings.
Site Investigation
The researchers gathered a technical description of
the lot title from the Land Registration Authority, or
Registrar of Deeds, in Barangay Bolo, Roxas City. After
the data were gathered, the researcher visited to check
if the area was suitable for construction.
42
43
In order to begin the planning stage, the
researchers conducted a site visit to identify the
situation of the location and its vicinity. Also to
decipher the appropriate spot where to construct the
building. The establishment of a multi-purpose building
is expected to be built within Barangay Bolo. In
addition, the building will be constructed on a lot with
an area of approximately 5,000 square meters.
Soil Characteristics and Condition
Based from the Soil Map of Roxas City, the site is
specified as Clay-Adobe. The unit weight of soil is 22.22
Kilo-Newton per cubic meter (KN/ ), angle of internal
friction is , @ rest pressure coefficient is 0.40, and a
soil pressure of 100 .44 Kilo-Newton per square meter
(KN/ ) at 1.80-meterdepth. (City Planning Office, 2022)
Dead Load and Live Load
LIVE DEAD
USE OR LOAD COMPONENTS LOAD
OCCUPANCY (KPa) (KPa)
ROOFING
THEATER, 7.2 STONE CONCRETE 0.023
ASSEMBLY AREAS ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL 0.20
AND AUDITORIUM DUCT ALLOWANCE
3RD FLOOR
SOLID FLAT TILE 1.10
2ND FLOOR
44
GROUND FLOOR
WHEELCHAIR RAMP 4.8
TABLE 3.1. (National Structural Code of the Philippines-
2015)
Wind Load
MAIN WIND FORCE RESISTING SYSTEM

STRUCTURAL TYPE
(MWFRS)
ZONE 2 PROVINCE OF CAPIZ
ZONE
BASIC WIND SPEED
CLASSIFICATION 260 kph
(V)
STANDARD
OCCUPANCY CATEGORY I
OCCUPANCY
GUST EFFECT FACTOR G 0.85
TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR Kst 1.0
WIND DRECTIONALITY
Kd 0.85
FACTOR
OVERHANG PRESSURE Cp 0.80
EXPOSURE B
TERRAIN EXPOSURE
α 7.0
CONSTANT
Zg 365.76
INTERNAL PRESSURE +0.18
ENCLOSED BUILDING
COEFFICIENTS (Cpi) -0.18
WALL PRESSURE WINDWARD WALL +0.80
COEFFICIENTS (Cpf) LEEWARD WALL -0.30
TABLE 3.2. (National Structural Code of the Philippines-
2015).
Preparation of Working Plans
In creating the working plans, the researchers used
two pieces of software that enabled the plans to be more
accurate and understandable. These programs were AutoCAD
and Sketch Up.

45
Structural Load Analysis Procedures
The structural load analyses used in this project
were the vertical method and the portal method, which
determined the loads that the structure could well resist
through time.
Analysis of Lateral Loads – Wind

Load Analysis for Walls
The following are the steps in determining the
values of lateral loads due to wind load in walls.
1. The basic wind speed V and wind directionality factor
Kd were determined in accordance with in accordance
with Section 207.5.4 and Table 207-2,respectively.
2. An importance factor Iw was determined in accordance
with Section 207.5.5 for Table 207-3 based on the
building and structure categories listed in Table 103-n
exposure category, and a velocity exposure coefficient
KzorKh, as applicable, was determined for each wind
direction in accordance with Section 207.5.6.6 (refer
to Table 207-4 of NSCP.)
3. A topographic factor Kht was determined in accordance
with Section 207.5.7. and the gust effect factor G or
Gf was determined in accordance with Section 207.5.8
4. An enclosure classification was determined in
accordance with Section 207.5.9.and Internal pressure
coefficient GCpiwas determined in accordance with
Section 207.5.11.1.
46
5. External pressure coefficients, Cp or GCpfs or force
coefficients, were determined in accordance with
Section 207.5.11.2 or 207.5.11.3, respectively.
6. Velocity pressure qz or qh, as applicable, shall be
determined in accordance with section 207.5.10 and
designed wind load P or F was determined in accordance
with Sections 207.5.12, 207.5.13, 207.5.14, and
207.5.15 as applicable(Kassimali, 2011).
Analysis of Lateral Loads

Using Portal Method
values of lateral loads using portal method.
1. Draw a sketch of the simplified frame obtained by
inserting an internal hinge at the midpoint of each
member of the given frame.
2. Determining column shears. For each story in the frame:
a. Pass a horizontal section through all the columns of
the story, cutting the frame into two portions.
b. Assuming that the shears in interior columns are
twice as much as in exterior columns, determine the
column shears by applying the equation of horizontal
equilibrium ( to the free body of the upper
portion of the frame.
3. Draw free-body diagrams of all the members and joints
of the frame, showing the external loads and the column
end shears computed in the previous step.

47
4. Determine column moments. Determine moments at the
ends of each column by applying the equations of
condition that the bending moment is zero at the
column's midpoint height where an inflection point
(internal hinge) has been assumed. As shown in Fig.
3.1(a), by applying the equations of condition,
Figure 3.1. (End forces and moments of columns and

girders)
and to the free body of a column of
height h, we find that the moments at the two ends of
the column are clockwise or both are counter
clockwise). The magnitude of the column end moments
(MC) is equal to the magnitude of the column shears
(SC) times half the column height; that is, Determine
end moments for all the columns of the frame. MC = SC ( ).
5. Determining girder axial forces, moments, and shears.
Proceeding from the top story of the frame to the
bottom, compute axial forces, moments, and shears at

48
the ends of the girders of each successive story by
starting at the far left joint of the story and working
across to the right, as follows:
a. Apply the equilibrium equations, ( and
( , to the free body of the joint under
consideration to compute the axial force and
moment, respectively, at the left (adjoining) end
of the girder on the right side of the joint.
b. Considering the free body of the girder, determine
the shear at the girder’s left end by dividing the
girder moment by half the girder length (see Fig.
1(b)); that is, based on the condition that the
bending moment at the girder midpoint is zero. Sg =
c. By applying the equilibrium equations,
( and ( to the free body of
the girder, determining the axial force, shear, and
moment, respectively, at the right end. As shown in
Fig. 1(b), the axial forces and shears at the ends
of the girder must be equal but opposite, whereas
the two end moments must be equal to each other in
both magnitude and direction.
d. Select the joint to the right of the girder
considered previously, and repeat steps 5(a)
through 5(c) until the axial forces, moments, and

49
shears in all the girders of the story have been
determined. The equilibrium equations and
for the right end joint have not been
utilized so far, so these equations can be used to
check the calculations.
e. Starting at the far left joint of the story below
the one considered previously, repeat steps 5(a)
through 5(d) until the axial forces, moments, and
shears in all of the girders of the frame have been
determined.
f. Determining column axial forces. Starting at the
top story, apply the equilibrium equation
successively to the free body of each joint to
determine the axial forces in the columns of the
story. Repeat the procedure for each successive
story, working from top to bottom, until the axial
forces in all the columns of the frame have been
determined.
g. Realizing that the forces and moments at the lower
ends of the bottom-storey columns representing the
support reactions and using the three equilibrium
equations of the entire frame to check the
calculations. If the analysis has been performed
correctly, then these equilibrium equations must be
satisfied (Kassimali, 2011).

50
Analysis of Vertical Loads
The moment distribution method of a rectangular
frame subjected to vertical loads the following steps are
made for each beam of the frame:
1. Calculate the fixed-end moments for members,
assuming that the joints are clamped against
rotation.
2. Calculate the distribution factor for each of the
members connected at the joint
3. Calculate the unbalanced moment at each joint and
distribute the same to the ends of members connected
at that joint.
4. Carry over one-half of the distributed moment to the
other ends of members.
5. Add or subtract these latter moments (moments
obtained in steps three and four) to or from the
original fixed-end moments.
6. Apply the determined end moments at the joints of
the given structure.
7. Draw the free-body diagram of each span of the given
beam, showing the loads and moments at the joints
obtained by the moment distribution method.
8. Determine the support reactions for each span.

51
9. Compute and construct the shearing force and bending
moment diagrams for each span.
10. Draw one bending moment and one shearing force
diagram for the given beam by combining the diagrams
in step 9.
Structural Design Analysis Procedures
The following were structural designs that were in
this project are Design of Beam, Design of Slab, Design
of Column, Design of Wall Footing, Design of Stair and
Design of Footing.
Design of Reinforced Concrete

Beams
required dimension of beam and reinforcement.
1. Determine the factored shear, axial load and moment
that the beam will carry obtained from the vertical and
portal method analysis.
2. Solve ρmaxandρmin: ρmax= 0.75 ; ρmin=
where:
3. Assume ρ.Ρ =
4. Compute value for ω.
5. Solve for trial bd. Mu = ϕfc’bd2ω(1 – 0.59ω)

52
where: b = ½d to 2/3d ; ϕ = 0.90
6. Check actual beam weight: actual Beam. Wt< assumed
Beam. Wt
7. Check for ρmin= and use the proper value for ρ.
8. Determine required steel reinforcement. (As = ρbd)
9. Compute the area of the reinforcing bar
where: ϕ= diameter of bar
10. Compute for the number of bars and (actual) As:
N = ; (actual) As = N(Ao)
11. Check for actual ρ and compare to the ρmin and ρmax:
(actual) ρ =
Design of Stirrups for Beams
required dimension of beam and reinforcement.
1. Calculate the factored shear force Vu at critical
sections, or at any section you want the spacing to be
determined. Critical section at distance “d” from
support:
Vu = Vmax – wud
2. Solve for Vc where beam is subjected to a compressive
force, moment and shear Vc=
3. Check if stirrups are necessary.

53
If Vu>ϕV Stirrups are necessary,
proceed to step 5
If Vu<ϕVc ;but> ½ ϕVc Proceed to step 7
If Vu< ½ ϕVc Stirrups are not needed
where: ф = 0.75
4. Calculate the shear strength Vs to be provided by the
stirrup. Vn= Vu/ф ; Vs= Vn – Vc ;
If Vs< , proceed to step 6
If Vs> , adjust beam size
5. Spacing of stirrups s=
where: Av = 2Ab for U stirrups If s < 25mm, increase
value of Av by either using a bigger bar size or adding
more shear area. Maximum spacing, smax:
If >Vs ; smax= d/2 or 600 mm
If <Vs ; smax= d/4 or 300 mm
(Use least value of smax)
6. If Vu<фVc but Vu> ½ фVc: Minimum area of stirrup,Avmin=
0.062 but shall not be less than where s= d/2
or 600 mm, whichever is smaller (McCormac, J.C. and
R.H. Brown, 2013).
Design of One-Way Slab

54
required dimension of slab and reinforcement.
1. Determine the value of the dead load and live load that
the slab could carry.
2. Determine the type of slab from the formula
LS/LL< 0.50 (One way slab)
where: LL = long span LS= short span
3. Determine the required slab thickness:
for simply supported, for one
end condition, for both end condition
for cantilever section
4. Compute the ultimate load (1.2DL + 1.6LL)
5. Compute the moment
6. Determine the ω using the formula;Mu= фfc’bd2ω( 1 –
0.59ω)
7. Determine the steel ratio, ρmin=
8. Check for ρmin= and ρmax= 0.7ρb
9. Compute the required reinforcement, (As = ρbd)
10. Determine the spacing of main bars =
11. Compute the temperature bars, As = 0.0018bt
12. Determine the spacing of temperature bars =
Design of Two-Way Slab

55
(Coefficient Method)
required dimension of slab and reinforcement.
1. Determine the values of the dead load and live load
that the slab will carry.
2. Determine the type of slab from the formula:
LS/LL> 0.50 (Two way slab)
where: LL = long span LS= short span
3. Determine required slab thickness. h =
Use: h = design thickness
4. Compute: [Weight of slab = wc(h)]
5. Considering 1-m strip; b = 1 m, compute the ultimate
dead load and ultimate live load from the formula:
DLu= 1.2DL and LLu= 1.6LL
6. Compute the ultimate load: (wu= DLu + LLu)
7. Determine the Moment Coefficient. Case type is
identified from end conditions. Using the value of ‘m’
corresponding moment coefficients are obtained for
respective ‘case type’ as shown in Table 3.3, 3.4 and
3.5. m = LS/LL (Two – way slab)Caneg and Cbneg are
obtained from
56
Table 3.3(Coefficient for Negative Moment in Slab)
Table 3.4. (Coefficient for Dead Load Positive Moment in

Slabs)
Ca LL and Cb LL are obtained from

57
Table 3.5. (Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment in

Slabs)
where:
Ca= along short direction Cb= along long direction
8. Calculation of Moment
Negative Moment at Continuous Edge
Ma = Caneg(wu)(LS)2 ; Mb = Cbneg(wu)(LL)2
Positive Moment along Short Direction
MS DL= CaDL(DLu)(LS)2 ;MS LL= Ca LL(LLu)(LS)

2 MTS= MS DL + MS
LL
Positive Moment along Long Direction
ML DL= CbDL(DLu)(LL)2 ; ML LL= Cb LL(LLu)(LL)

2 MTS= ML DL + ML
LL
9. Determine ω from the formula: Mu= фfc’bd2ω( 1 –
0.59ω)
10. Determine the steel ratio.

58
11. Check for ρmin= and use the proper value for ρ.
12. Determine required steel reinforcement. (As = ρbd)
13. Compute for the spacing of main bars:
where: ϕ= diameter of main bar, b = 1m length of
stairs
14. Spacing limits for Slab Reinforcement
1.) s>h ; 2.) s< 3h ; 3.) s< 450 ;
(Use the least value of design spacing)
15. Check for shear:
Vu = wuLL/2 <фVc ; фVc= 1/6ф bd
16. Determine area of temperature bars.(As= 0.002bd)
17. Compute for the spacing of temperature bars:
18. Check for spacing limits of temperature bar
reinforcement. s < 5h (McCormac, J.C. and R.H. Brown,
2013).
Design of Stairs
required dimension of stair and reinforcement.
1. Assume the thread of the stair (T) and determine the
Rise and cover. Determine the loadings that the stair
will carry.
2. Determine ω from the formula: M = фfc’bd2ω( 1 –
0.59ω)
59
3. Determine the steel ratio. , Check for ρmin=
and use the proper value for ρ., Determine required
steel reinforcement. (As = ρbd)
4. Compute for the spacing of main bars:
where: ϕ = diameter of main bars ; b=1m length of
stairs
5. Determine area of temperature bars.(As= 0.002bd)
6. Compute for the spacing of temperature bars

(McCormac, J.C. and R.H. Brown, 2013).
Axially Loaded Column

(Square Tied Column)
required dimension of column and reinforcement.
1. Determine the factored shear, axial load and moment
that the column will carry obtained from the vertical
and portal method analysis.
2. Solve for Ag and dimension of column:
Ag = ; h =
3. Solve for the eccentricity of the column using the
formula: eactual =
where: Pu= factored axial load, Mu= factored moment

60
where: e(allowable)=0.10h for column with small
eccentricity
if: e(actual) > e(allowable); therefore, column has large
eccentricity
4. Assume the value of from 0.01-0.08 value.
5. Solve the required area of steel: As= ρh2
6. Compute the area of the reinforcing bar:
7. Compute for the number of bars and (actual) As: N= ;
8. Vertical spacing of ties shall be the smallest of the
following:
a.) 16 x db (db, longitudinal bar diameter)
b.) 48 x tie diameter c.) Least dimension of the
column(McCormac, J.C. and R.H. Brown, 2013).
Design of Mat Footing

(Conventional Method)
The conventional rigid method of mat foundation
design can be explained step by step with reference to
the Figure shown below:
Step 1: Determine the resultant load and the location of
the mat centroided: 𝑄 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + ⋯ + 𝑄3
x̅ = 𝐵/2; Ȳ = 𝐿/2
Step 2: Determine the load eccentricities, ex and ey, in
the x and y directions. They can be determined
by using (X’, Y’) coordinates: 𝑄 𝑋′ = 𝑄1𝑋′ 1 +
𝑄2𝑋′ 2 + 𝑄3𝑋′ 3 + ⋯ 𝑥 = 𝑋 ′ − 𝑋̅
61
𝑄 𝑌′ = 𝑄1𝑌′ 1 + 𝑄2𝑌′ 2 + 𝑄3𝑌′ 3 + ⋯
𝑒𝑦 = 𝑌 ′ − Ȳ
Figure 3.2. (Mat Footing Eccentric Location)
Step 3: Determine the pressure on the soil, q, below the
mat at points A, B, C, D, … by using the
equation:
Where: A = BL
Ix = BL3/12 = moment of inertia about the x-axis
Iy = LB3 /12 = moment of inertia about the y-axis
Mx = Q X ey = moment of the column loads about
the x-axis My = Q X ex = moment of the column
loads about the y-axis

62
Step 4: Compare the values of the soil pressures
determined in Step 3 with the net allowable soil
pressure to determine whether 𝑞 ≤ 𝑞𝑎𝑙(𝑛𝑒𝑡) .
Step 5: Divide the mat into several strips in the x and y
directions. (See the previous Figure). Let the
width of any strip be 𝐵1.
Step 6: For example, the average soil pressure of the
bottom strip in the x direction of the previous
Figure (a) is: 𝑞𝑎𝑣 = (𝑞𝐼 + 𝑞𝐹)/2 The total soil
reaction is equal to qavB1B and the total column
load on the strip is expressed as 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3 +
𝑄4.
Note that: 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3 + 𝑄4 = qavB1B
because the shear between the adjacent strips
has not been taken into account. For this
reason, the soil reaction and the column loads
need to be adjusted, or: 𝑄(𝑎𝑣) = [qavB1B + (𝑄1 +
𝑄2 + 𝑄3 + 𝑄4 )]/2
𝑞𝑎(𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑) = qav ( 𝑄𝑖(𝑎𝑣) qavB1B )
Step 7: Calculate the modified column loads FQ1, FQ2,
FQ3, and FQ4.
𝐹 = 𝑄(𝑎𝑣) 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3 + 𝑄4 = 𝑄𝑖(𝑎𝑣) 𝑄
where F = column load modification factor
𝐹𝑄𝑖 = 𝐹×𝑄𝑖 = (𝑄𝑖(𝑎𝑣)/𝑄)×𝑄𝑖

63
Step 9: Design (i.e. check punching shear and determine
the required area of reinforcing steel bars) the
strip for the maximum shear and the maximum
moment using any adopted code version (i.g. ACI
Code 318, in any version, is highly
recommended)(Y. Almadhoun, 2013).
Project Cost
The technique used in estimating the total cost of
the project is based on the systems and practices used by
B. Fajardo (2000).
Duration of the Project
The schedule of works, PERT-CPM, and S-Curve were
the methods used in determining the duration of the
project. The Critical Path Method (CPM) network diagram
defined the activities and sequencing of activities
performed to undertake the project; however, the foreseen
time that is required to complete each activity must be
strong-minded in order to schedule the entire mission.
Allocating Duration of
the Activity
Using the PERT – CPM Method, the duration of the
activity was computed. The PERT method used an arrow
network diagram to show the coherent categorization of
activities in a project. In a PERT diagram, activities
were represented by arrows with circles at each end of
the arrow. The circles are called events that embody an

64
instant in time. The circle at the beginning of the
activity denotes the start of an activity, and the circle
at the end of the arrow represents the finish of the
bustle.
Figure 3.3. (Network Diagram)

CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the analysis, presentation and
interpretation of data gathered.
Project Site Investigation
The appropriate site for the proposed three storey
Multi-purpose building at Brgy.Bolo, Roxas City.
Figure 4.1. Vicinity Map
65
66
Figure 4.2. Lot Plan & Site Development Plan
Figure 4.1. Vicinity Map

67
Working Plans for the Project
A working or building plan is a set of working
drawings that define all the construction specifications
of a structure. The preparation of the building plan is
made possible using AutoCAD 2017. The working plan of the
project includes Perspective, Ground Floor Plan, second
floor plan, Third Floor Plan, Front Elevation, Rear
Elevation, Right Side elevation, and Left Side elevation.

Figure 4.3.Perspective
68
Figure 4.4. First Floorplan
69
Figure 4.5. Second Floorplan
70
Figure 4.6. Third Floorplan
71
Figure 4.8. Roof Floorplan
Figure 4.7. Rooftop Floorplan
72
Figure 4.8. Front Elevation
73
Figure 4.9.Rear Elevation
74
Figure 4.10.Right Side Elevation
75
Figure 4.11.Left Side Elevation
76
Structural Load Analysis
Frames
Figure 4.12. Isometric Frame
77
78
Figure 4.12 shows the isometric frame that serves as
the three-dimensional view and skeleton system of the
Three Storey Multi-Purpose Building at Brgy. Bolo, Roxas
City, (see figure 4.11).
Figures 4.13 and 4.14 show the analysis of lateral
load and vertical load in frame 1 due to wind load, dead
load, and live load that act through the wall of the
structure, respectively (see figure 4.13 & 4.14).
Further, Table 4.1 shows the summary of loads for
beam and column in frame 1. It also shows the result of
shear, axial, and moment due to vertical load and lateral
load by summing the load in each member, which serves as
the total load prior to the beam and column (see table
4.1).
79
Figure 4.13. Frame 1 Lateral Load Analysis
Figure 4.14. Frame 1 Vertical Load Analysis

Table 4.1. Summary Loads for Beams & Column (Frame-1)
FRAME 1 Lateral Loads Vertical Loads Total Loads
Member Shear Axial Moment Shear Axial Moment M.Midspan Shear Axial Moment
BEAM
YZ 5.14 -15.41 -0.76 131.18 0.00 32.32 16.17 131.18 -15.41 31.56
ZA' 7.70 -13.04 -0.76 138.83 0.00 35.18 19.13 138.83 -13.04 34.42
A'B' 5.14 -10.67 -0.76 89.49 0.00 26.56 -4.00 89.49 -10.67 25.80
B'C' 5.14 -8.30 -0.76 133.09 0.00 25.80 22.75 133.09 -8.30 25.03
C'D' 7.70 -5.93 -0.76 140.49 0.00 36.98 18.63 140.49 -5.93 36.22
D'E' 5.14 -3.56 -0.76 88.72 0.00 25.88 -3.70 88.72 -3.56 25.12
E'F' 5.14 -1.19 -0.76 125.71 0.00 25.89 31.77 125.71 -1.19 25.12
QR 2.03 -13.20 -3.05 141.02 0.00 33.77 23.60 155.20 -13.20 30.72
RS 3.05 -11.17 -3.05 145.03 0.00 36.75 27.50 164.26 -11.17 33.70
ST 2.03 -9.14 -3.05 93.49 0.00 27.75 -1.05 105.88 -9.14 24.70
TU 2.03 -7.11 -3.05 146.82 0.00 26.95 30.49 157.46 -7.11 23.90
UV 3.05 -5.08 -3.05 146.76 0.00 38.63 27.17 166.21 -5.08 35.58
VW 2.03 -3.05 -3.05 92.69 0.00 27.03 -0.79 104.97 -3.05 23.99
WX 2.03 -1.02 -3.05 131.32 0.00 27.04 41.17 148.72 -1.02 23.99
IJ 0.51 -6.60 -7.70 141.02 0.00 33.77 23.60 155.20 -6.60 26.06
JK 0.76 -5.59 -7.70 145.03 0.00 36.75 27.50 164.26 -5.59 29.05
KL 0.51 -4.57 -7.70 93.49 0.00 27.75 -1.05 105.88 -4.57 20.04
LM 0.51 -3.56 -7.70 146.82 0.00 26.95 30.49 157.46 -3.56 19.24
MN 0.76 -2.54 -7.70 146.76 0.00 38.63 27.17 166.21 -2.54 30.93
NO 0.51 -1.52 -7.70 92.69 0.00 27.03 -0.79 104.97 -1.52 19.33
OP 0.51 -0.51 -7.70 131.32 0.00 27.04 41.17 148.72 -0.51 19.34
80
COLUMN
AI 7.67 2.71 5.42 0.00 65.59 99.86 0.00 7.67 68.30 105.27
IQ 2.54 1.52 2.29 0.00 136.91 66.09 0.00 2.54 138.44 68.38
QY 0.51 0.51 0.76 0.00 108.42 32.32 0.00 0.51 108.92 33.09
BJ 3.84 5.42 10.83 0.00 110.52 0.00 0.00 3.84 115.94 10.83
JR 1.27 3.05 4.57 0.00 140.52 0.00 0.00 1.27 143.56 4.57
RZ 0.25 1.02 1.52 0.00 88.73 0.00 0.00 0.25 89.74 1.52
CK -3.84 5.42 10.83 0.00 107.22 0.00 0.00 -3.84 112.64 10.83
KS -1.27 3.05 4.57 0.00 39.93 0.00 0.00 -1.27 42.97 4.57
SA' -0.25 1.02 1.52 0.00 77.60 0.00 0.00 -0.25 78.62 1.52
DL 0.00 5.42 10.83 0.00 161.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 167.40 10.83
LT 0.00 3.05 4.57 0.00 128.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 131.32 4.57
TB' 0.00 1.02 1.52 0.00 130.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 131.78 1.52
EM 3.84 5.42 10.83 0.00 166.25 0.00 0.00 3.84 171.66 10.83
MU 1.27 3.05 4.57 0.00 104.98 0.00 0.00 1.27 108.02 4.57
UC' 0.25 1.02 1.52 0.00 126.85 0.00 0.00 0.25 127.87 1.52
FN -3.84 5.42 10.83 0.00 47.24 0.00 0.00 -3.84 52.65 10.83
NV -1.27 3.05 4.57 0.00 77.60 0.00 0.00 -1.27 80.65 4.57
VD' -0.25 1.02 1.52 0.00 161.98 0.00 0.00 -0.25 163.00 1.52
GO 0.00 5.42 10.83 0.00 128.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 133.69 10.83
OW 0.00 3.05 4.57 0.00 130.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 133.81 4.57
WE' 0.00 1.02 1.52 0.00 166.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 167.26 1.52
HP -7.67 2.71 5.42 0.00 104.98 -114.17 0.00 -7.67 107.68 -108.76
PX -2.54 1.52 2.29 0.00 126.85 -75.57 0.00 -2.54 128.38 -73.28
XF' -0.51 0.51 0.76 0.00 47.24 -36.96 0.00 -0.51 47.75 -36.20
81
82
structure, respectively (see Figures 4.15 and 4.16).
Further, Table 4.2 shows the summary of loads for beam
and column in frame 2. It also shows the result of shear,
axial, and moment due to vertical load and lateral load
by summing the load in each member, which serves as the
total load prior to beam and column (see table 4.2).

83


BEAM
YZ 1.02 -13.20 -1.52 155.20 0.00 38.24 19.13 142.00 1.02 36.72
ZA' 1.52 -11.17 -1.52 164.26 0.00 41.62 22.63 153.08 1.52 40.10
A'B' 1.02 -9.14 -1.52 105.88 0.00 31.43 -4.73 96.74 1.02 29.90
B'C' 1.02 -7.11 -1.52 157.46 0.00 30.52 26.92 150.35 1.02 28.99
C'D' 1.52 -5.08 -1.52 166.21 0.00 43.75 22.04 161.14 1.52 42.23
D'E' 1.02 -3.05 -1.52 104.97 0.00 30.62 -4.38 101.92 1.02 29.09
E'F' 1.02 -1.02 -1.52 148.72 0.00 30.63 37.59 147.71 1.02 29.10
QR 4.06 -26.41 -6.09 328.23 0.00 80.88 40.45 301.82 4.06 74.78
RS 6.09 -22.35 -6.09 347.37 0.00 88.02 47.86 325.02 6.09 81.93
ST 4.06 -18.28 -6.09 223.91 0.00 66.46 -10.00 205.63 4.06 60.36
TU 4.06 -14.22 -6.09 332.99 0.00 64.54 56.93 318.77 4.06 58.45
UV 6.09 -10.16 -6.09 351.51 0.00 92.53 46.62 341.35 6.09 86.43
VW 4.06 -6.09 -6.09 221.99 0.00 64.75 -9.25 215.90 4.06 58.66
WX 4.06 -2.03 -6.09 314.52 0.00 64.77 79.49 312.49 4.06 58.67
IJ 10.27 -30.81 -15.41 328.23 0.00 80.88 40.45 297.42 10.27 65.47
JK 15.41 -26.07 -15.41 347.37 0.00 88.02 47.86 321.30 15.41 72.62
KL 10.27 -21.33 -15.41 223.91 0.00 66.46 -10.00 202.58 10.27 51.05
LM 10.27 -16.59 -15.41 332.99 0.00 64.54 56.93 316.40 10.27 49.14
MN 15.41 -11.85 -15.41 351.51 0.00 92.53 46.62 339.66 15.41 77.12
NO 10.27 -7.11 -15.41 221.99 0.00 64.75 -9.25 214.88 10.27 49.34
OP 10.27 -2.37 -15.41 314.52 0.00 64.77 79.49 312.15 10.27 49.36
84
COLUMN
AI 5.42 15.35 10.83 0.00 480.63 236.86 0.00 5.42 495.98 247.69
IQ 3.05 5.08 4.57 0.00 316.52 155.98 0.00 3.05 321.59 160.55
QY 1.02 1.02 1.52 0.00 152.40 75.11 0.00 1.02 153.42 76.63
BJ 10.83 7.67 21.67 0.00 1003.24 0.00 0.00 10.83 1010.91 21.67
JR 6.09 2.54 9.14 0.00 660.68 0.00 0.00 6.09 663.22 9.14
RZ 2.03 0.51 3.05 0.00 318.12 0.00 0.00 2.03 318.63 3.05
CK 10.83 -7.67 21.67 0.00 794.43 0.00 0.00 10.83 786.76 21.67
KS 6.09 -2.54 9.14 0.00 523.17 0.00 0.00 6.09 520.63 9.14
SA' 2.03 -0.51 3.05 0.00 251.91 0.00 0.00 2.03 251.40 3.05
DL 10.83 0.00 21.67 0.00 782.54 0.00 0.00 10.83 782.54 21.67
LT 6.09 0.00 9.14 0.00 515.34 0.00 0.00 6.09 515.34 9.14
TB' 2.03 0.00 3.05 0.00 248.14 0.00 0.00 2.03 248.14 3.05
EM 10.83 7.67 21.67 0.00 1029.65 0.00 0.00 10.83 1037.32 21.67
MU 6.09 2.54 9.14 0.00 678.07 0.00 0.00 6.09 680.61 9.14
UC' 2.03 0.51 3.05 0.00 326.49 0.00 0.00 2.03 327.00 3.05
FN 10.83 -7.67 21.67 0.00 785.53 0.00 0.00 10.83 777.85 21.67
NV 6.09 -2.54 9.14 0.00 517.31 0.00 0.00 6.09 514.77 9.14
VD' 2.03 -0.51 3.05 0.00 249.08 0.00 0.00 2.03 248.58 3.05
GO 10.83 0.00 21.67 0.00 785.66 0.00 0.00 10.83 785.66 21.67
OW 6.09 0.00 9.14 0.00 517.39 0.00 0.00 6.09 517.39 9.14
WE' 2.03 0.00 3.05 0.00 249.13 0.00 0.00 2.03 249.13 3.05
HP 5.42 -15.35 10.83 0.00 514.65 -270.82 0.00 5.42 499.30 -259.98
PX 3.05 -5.08 4.57 0.00 338.92 -178.34 0.00 3.05 333.84 -173.77
XF' 1.02 -1.02 1.52 0.00 163.19 -85.87 0.00 1.02 162.17 -84.35
85
86
the total load prior to beam and column (see table 4.3).

87

BEAM
YZ 0.42 -5.50 -0.63 130.27 0.00 64.20 32.11 130.69 -5.50 63.56
ZA' 0.63 -4.66 -0.63 137.87 0.00 69.87 37.99 138.50 -4.66 69.24
A'B' 0.42 -3.81 -0.63 88.87 0.00 52.75 -7.94 89.29 -3.81 52.12
B'C' 0.42 -2.96 -0.63 132.16 0.00 51.23 45.19 132.59 -2.96 50.60
C'D' 0.63 -2.12 -0.63 139.51 0.00 73.45 37.01 140.15 -2.12 72.81
D'E' 0.42 -1.27 -0.63 88.11 0.00 51.40 -7.35 88.53 -1.27 50.76
E'F' 0.42 -0.42 -0.63 79.30 0.00 51.41 63.10 79.72 -0.42 50.78
QR 1.69 -11.00 -2.54 140.03 0.00 69.01 34.51 141.72 -11.00 66.47
RS 2.54 -9.31 -2.54 148.20 0.00 75.11 40.84 150.73 -9.31 72.57
ST 1.69 -7.62 -2.54 95.53 0.00 56.71 -8.53 97.22 -7.62 54.17
TU 1.69 -5.93 -2.54 142.06 0.00 55.07 48.57 143.75 -5.93 52.53
UV 2.54 -4.23 -2.54 149.96 0.00 78.95 39.78 152.50 -4.23 76.41
VW 1.69 -2.54 -2.54 94.71 0.00 55.25 -7.90 96.40 -2.54 52.71
WX 1.69 -0.85 -2.54 85.24 0.00 55.26 67.82 86.93 -0.85 52.72
IJ 4.28 -12.84 -6.42 140.03 0.00 69.01 34.51 144.31 -12.84 62.59
JK 6.42 -10.86 -6.42 148.20 0.00 75.11 40.84 154.61 -10.86 68.69
KL 4.28 -8.89 -6.42 95.53 0.00 56.71 -8.53 99.81 -8.89 50.29
LM 4.28 -6.91 -6.42 142.06 0.00 55.07 48.57 146.34 -6.91 48.65
MN 6.42 -4.94 -6.42 149.96 0.00 78.95 39.78 156.38 -4.94 72.53
NO 4.28 -2.96 -6.42 94.71 0.00 55.25 -7.90 98.99 -2.96 48.83
OP 4.28 -0.99 -6.42 85.24 0.00 55.26 67.82 89.52 -0.99 48.85
88
COLUMN
AI 2.26 6.40 4.51 0.00 410.33 202.21 0.00 2.26 416.73 206.73
IQ 1.27 2.12 1.90 0.00 270.30 133.21 0.00 1.27 272.42 135.11
QY 0.42 0.42 0.63 0.00 130.27 64.20 0.00 0.42 130.69 64.83
BJ 4.51 3.20 9.03 0.00 856.50 0.00 0.00 4.51 859.70 9.03
JR 2.54 1.06 3.81 0.00 564.21 0.00 0.00 2.54 565.27 3.81
RZ 0.85 0.21 1.27 0.00 271.92 0.00 0.00 0.85 272.13 1.27
CK 4.51 -3.20 9.03 0.00 678.24 0.00 0.00 4.51 675.04 9.03
KS 2.54 -1.06 3.81 0.00 446.78 0.00 0.00 2.54 445.72 3.81
SA' 0.85 -0.21 1.27 0.00 215.33 0.00 0.00 0.85 215.11 1.27
DL 4.51 0.00 9.03 0.00 668.09 0.00 0.00 4.51 668.09 9.03
LT 2.54 0.00 3.81 0.00 440.09 0.00 0.00 2.54 440.09 3.81
TB' 0.85 0.00 1.27 0.00 212.10 0.00 0.00 0.85 212.10 1.27
EM 4.51 3.20 9.03 0.00 879.05 0.00 0.00 4.51 882.25 9.03
MU 2.54 1.06 3.81 0.00 579.07 0.00 0.00 2.54 580.12 3.81
UC' 0.85 0.21 1.27 0.00 279.08 0.00 0.00 0.85 279.29 1.27
FN 4.51 -3.20 9.03 0.00 670.64 0.00 0.00 4.51 667.44 9.03
NV 2.54 -1.06 3.81 0.00 441.77 0.00 0.00 2.54 440.72 3.81
VD' 0.85 -0.21 1.27 0.00 212.91 0.00 0.00 0.85 212.70 1.27
GO 4.51 0.00 9.03 0.00 670.75 0.00 0.00 4.51 670.75 9.03
OW 2.54 0.00 3.81 0.00 441.85 0.00 0.00 2.54 441.85 3.81
WE' 0.85 0.00 1.27 0.00 212.95 0.00 0.00 0.85 212.95 1.27
HP 2.26 -6.40 4.51 0.00 439.37 -231.21 0.00 2.26 432.98 -226.69
PX 1.27 -2.12 1.90 0.00 289.43 -152.30 0.00 1.27 287.32 -150.40
XF' 0.42 -0.42 0.63 0.00 139.49 -73.40 0.00 0.42 139.07 -72.77
89
90
structure, respectively (see figure 4.19& 4.20).
4.4).

91

BEAM
YZ 0.59 -7.70 -0.89 49.80 0.00 12.85 6.46 50.39 -7.70 11.97
ZA' 0.89 -6.52 -0.89 43.19 0.00 10.39 4.13 44.07 -6.52 9.50
A'B' 0.59 -5.33 -0.89 130.66 0.00 17.84 14.76 131.26 -5.33 16.95
B'C' 0.59 -4.15 -0.89 111.60 0.00 18.11 24.67 112.19 -4.15 17.22
C'D' 0.89 -2.96 -0.89 110.23 0.00 10.85 29.98 111.12 -2.96 9.96
D'E' 0.59 -1.78 -0.89 130.94 0.00 12.90 19.96 131.53 -1.78 12.01
E'F' 0.59 -0.59 -0.89 28.89 0.00 11.91 10.58 29.48 -0.59 11.02
QR 2.37 -15.41 -3.56 50.08 0.00 12.51 6.25 52.45 -15.41 8.96
RS 3.56 -13.04 -3.56 50.30 0.00 12.59 6.34 53.86 -13.04 9.04
ST 2.37 -10.67 -3.56 101.40 0.00 12.34 7.29 103.77 -10.67 8.78
TU 2.37 -8.30 -3.56 196.61 0.00 41.87 30.43 198.98 -8.30 38.32
UV 3.56 -5.93 -3.56 206.40 0.00 53.54 27.72 209.95 -5.93 49.98
VW 2.37 -3.56 -3.56 130.94 0.00 38.86 -1.83 133.31 -3.56 35.30
WX 2.37 -1.19 -3.56 30.08 0.00 8.50 12.42 32.45 -1.19 4.94
IJ 5.99 -17.97 -8.99 50.08 0.00 12.51 6.25 56.07 -17.97 3.53
JK 8.99 -15.21 -8.99 50.30 0.00 12.59 6.34 59.29 -15.21 3.60
KL 5.99 -12.44 -8.99 101.40 0.00 12.34 7.29 107.39 -12.44 3.35
LM 5.99 -9.68 -8.99 196.61 0.00 41.87 30.43 202.60 -9.68 32.88
MN 8.99 -6.91 -8.99 206.40 0.00 53.54 27.72 215.39 -6.91 44.55
NO 5.99 -4.15 -8.99 130.94 0.00 38.86 -1.83 136.93 -4.15 29.87
OP 5.99 -1.38 -8.99 30.08 0.00 8.50 12.42 36.07 -1.38 -0.49
92
COLUMN
AI 3.16 8.95 6.32 0.00 74.98 37.88 0.00 3.16 83.93 44.20
IQ 1.78 2.96 2.67 0.00 49.94 25.37 0.00 1.78 52.90 28.03
QY 0.59 0.59 0.89 0.00 24.90 12.85 0.00 0.59 25.49 13.74
BJ 6.32 4.48 12.64 0.00 145.33 0.00 0.00 6.32 149.81 12.64
JR 3.56 1.48 5.33 0.00 95.09 0.00 0.00 3.56 96.57 5.33
RZ 1.19 0.30 1.78 0.00 44.85 0.00 0.00 1.19 45.14 1.78
CK 6.32 -4.48 12.64 0.00 243.26 0.00 0.00 6.32 238.78 12.64
KS 3.56 -1.48 5.33 0.00 167.58 0.00 0.00 3.56 166.09 5.33
SA' 1.19 -0.30 1.78 0.00 91.89 0.00 0.00 1.19 91.60 1.78
DL 6.32 0.00 12.64 0.00 473.13 0.00 0.00 6.32 473.13 12.64
LT 3.56 0.00 5.33 0.00 298.47 0.00 0.00 3.56 298.47 5.33
TB' 1.19 0.00 1.78 0.00 123.82 0.00 0.00 1.19 123.82 1.78
EM 6.32 4.48 12.64 0.00 519.29 0.00 0.00 6.32 523.76 12.64
MU 3.56 1.48 5.33 0.00 313.89 0.00 0.00 3.56 315.37 5.33
UC' 1.19 0.30 1.78 0.00 108.50 0.00 0.00 1.19 108.79 1.78
FN 6.32 -4.48 12.64 0.00 470.57 0.00 0.00 6.32 466.09 12.64
NV 3.56 -1.48 5.33 0.00 296.51 0.00 0.00 3.56 295.02 5.33
VD' 1.19 -0.30 1.78 0.00 122.45 0.00 0.00 1.19 122.15 1.78
GO 6.32 0.00 12.64 0.00 235.66 0.00 0.00 6.32 235.66 12.64
OW 3.56 0.00 5.33 0.00 162.32 0.00 0.00 3.56 162.32 5.33
WE' 1.19 0.00 1.78 0.00 88.99 0.00 0.00 1.19 88.99 1.78
HP 3.16 -8.95 6.32 0.00 78.30 -41.19 0.00 3.16 69.35 -34.87
PX 1.78 -2.96 2.67 0.00 51.22 -26.65 0.00 1.78 48.26 -23.98
XF' 0.59 -0.59 0.89 0.00 24.14 -12.10 0.00 0.59 23.55 -11.21
93
94
4.5).

95

BEAM
PQ 2.22 -7.70 -0.89 79.01 0.00 9.14 5.99 81.23 -7.70 8.25
QR 1.48 -6.52 -0.89 149.43 0.00 33.33 20.76 150.91 -6.52 32.44
RS 1.48 -5.33 -0.89 160.18 0.00 41.39 20.76 161.66 -5.33 40.50
ST 2.22 -4.15 -0.89 103.20 0.00 33.33 -4.10 105.42 -4.15 32.44
KL 8.89 -2.96 -0.89 142.12 0.00 16.44 10.77 151.01 -2.96 15.55
LM 5.93 -1.78 -0.89 268.77 0.00 59.94 37.35 274.70 -1.78 59.05
MN 5.93 -0.59 -0.89 288.11 0.00 74.44 37.35 294.03 -0.59 73.56
NO 8.89 -15.41 -3.56 142.12 0.00 59.94 -7.38 151.01 -15.41 56.39
FG 22.47 -13.04 -3.56 142.12 0.00 16.44 10.77 164.59 -13.04 12.88
GH 14.98 -10.67 -3.56 268.77 0.00 59.94 37.35 283.75 -10.67 56.39
HI 14.98 -8.30 -3.56 288.11 0.00 74.44 37.35 303.08 -8.30 70.89
IJ 22.47 -5.93 -3.56 142.12 0.00 59.94 -7.38 164.59 -5.93 56.39
96
COLUMN
AF 7.90 33.58 15.80 0.00 181.63 42.01 0.00 7.90 215.20 57.81
FK 4.44 11.11 6.67 0.00 110.57 25.57 0.00 4.44 121.68 32.24
KP 1.48 2.22 2.22 0.00 39.51 9.14 0.00 1.48 41.73 11.36
BG 15.80 -11.19 31.60 0.00 636.31 0.00 0.00 15.80 625.12 31.60
GL 8.89 -3.70 13.33 0.00 387.36 0.00 0.00 8.89 383.65 13.33
LQ 2.96 -0.74 4.44 0.00 138.41 0.00 0.00 2.96 137.67 4.44
CH 15.80 0.00 31.60 0.00 736.39 0.00 0.00 15.80 736.39 31.60
HM 8.89 0.00 13.33 0.00 448.28 0.00 0.00 8.89 448.28 13.33
MR 2.96 0.00 4.44 0.00 160.18 0.00 0.00 2.96 160.18 4.44
DI 15.80 11.19 31.60 0.00 636.31 0.00 0.00 15.80 647.50 31.60
IN 8.89 3.70 13.33 0.00 387.36 0.00 0.00 8.89 391.06 13.33
NS 2.96 0.74 4.44 0.00 138.41 0.00 0.00 2.96 139.15 4.44
EJ 7.90 -33.58 15.80 0.00 181.63 -42.01 0.00 7.90 148.05 -26.21
JO 4.44 -11.11 6.67 0.00 110.57 -25.57 0.00 4.44 99.46 -18.91
OT 1.48 -2.22 2.22 0.00 39.51 -9.14 0.00 1.48 37.28 -6.92
97
98
4.6).

99

BEAM
QR 0.59 -7.70 -0.89 50.08 0.00 12.51 6.25 50.67 -7.70 11.62
RS 0.89 -6.52 -0.89 50.30 0.00 12.59 6.34 51.19 -6.52 11.70
ST 0.59 -5.33 -0.89 101.40 0.00 12.34 7.29 102.00 -5.33 11.45
TU 0.59 -4.15 -0.89 196.61 0.00 41.87 30.43 197.21 -4.15 40.98
UV 0.89 -2.96 -0.89 206.40 0.00 53.54 27.72 207.29 -2.96 52.65
VW 0.59 -1.78 -0.89 130.94 0.00 38.86 -1.83 131.53 -1.78 37.97
WX 0.59 -0.59 -0.89 30.08 0.00 8.50 12.42 30.67 -0.59 7.61
IJ 3.23 -17.97 -4.84 50.08 0.00 12.51 6.25 53.31 -17.97 7.67
JK 4.84 -15.21 -4.84 50.30 0.00 12.59 6.34 55.14 -15.21 7.75
KL 3.23 -12.44 -4.84 101.40 0.00 12.34 7.29 104.63 -12.44 7.50
LM 3.23 -9.68 -4.84 196.61 0.00 41.87 30.43 199.84 -9.68 37.03
MN 4.84 -6.91 -4.84 206.40 0.00 53.54 27.72 211.24 -6.91 48.70
NO 3.23 -4.15 -4.84 130.94 0.00 38.86 -1.83 134.16 -4.15 34.02
OP 3.23 -1.38 -4.84 30.08 0.00 8.50 12.42 33.31 -1.38 3.66
100
COLUMN
IQ 0.59 0.59 0.89 0.00 91.89 25.02 0.00 1.98 95.71 28.97
AI 1.98 3.82 3.95 0.00 473.13 12.51 0.00 0.59 473.72 13.40
BJ 3.95 1.91 7.90 0.00 298.47 0.00 0.00 3.95 300.38 7.90
JR 1.19 0.30 1.78 0.00 123.82 0.00 0.00 1.19 124.12 1.78
CK 3.95 -1.91 7.90 0.00 519.29 0.00 0.00 3.95 517.38 7.90
KS 1.19 -0.30 1.78 0.00 313.89 0.00 0.00 1.19 313.60 1.78
DL 3.95 0.00 7.90 0.00 108.50 0.00 0.00 3.95 108.50 7.90
LT 1.19 0.00 1.78 0.00 470.57 0.00 0.00 1.19 470.57 1.78
EM 3.95 1.91 7.90 0.00 296.51 0.00 0.00 3.95 298.41 7.90
MU 1.19 0.30 1.78 0.00 122.45 0.00 0.00 1.19 122.74 1.78
FN 3.95 -1.91 7.90 0.00 235.66 0.00 0.00 3.95 233.75 7.90
NV 1.19 -0.30 1.78 0.00 162.32 0.00 0.00 1.19 162.03 1.78
GO 3.95 0.00 7.90 0.00 88.99 0.00 0.00 3.95 88.99 7.90
OW 1.19 0.00 1.78 0.00 78.30 0.00 0.00 1.19 78.30 -23.25
HP 1.98 -3.82 3.95 0.00 51.22 -25.02 0.00 1.98 47.40 -8.56
PX 0.59 -0.59 0.89 0.00 24.14 -12.51 0.00 0.59 23.55 -11.62
101
102
4.7).

103


BEAM
QR 0.68 -8.80 -1.02 140.03 0.00 34.50 17.26 140.71 -8.80 33.49
RS 1.02 -7.45 -1.02 148.20 0.00 37.55 20.42 149.21 -7.45 36.54
ST 0.68 -6.09 -1.02 95.53 0.00 28.35 -4.26 96.20 -6.09 27.34
TU 0.68 -4.74 -1.02 142.06 0.00 27.53 24.29 142.74 -4.74 26.52
UV 1.02 -3.39 -1.02 149.96 0.00 39.48 19.89 150.98 -3.39 38.46
VW 0.68 -2.03 -1.02 94.71 0.00 27.62 -3.95 95.39 -2.03 26.61
WX 0.68 -0.68 -1.02 85.24 0.00 27.63 33.91 85.91 -0.68 26.62
IJ 3.69 -20.54 -5.53 140.03 0.00 34.50 17.26 143.72 -20.54 28.97
JK 5.53 -17.38 -5.53 148.20 0.00 37.55 20.42 153.73 -17.38 32.02
KL 3.69 -14.22 -5.53 95.53 0.00 28.35 -4.26 99.21 -14.22 22.82
LM 3.69 -11.06 -5.53 142.06 0.00 27.53 24.29 145.75 -11.06 22.00
MN 5.53 -7.90 -5.53 149.96 0.00 39.48 19.89 155.49 -7.90 33.95
NO 3.69 -4.74 -5.53 94.71 0.00 27.62 -3.95 98.39 -4.74 22.09
OP 3.69 -1.58 -5.53 85.24 0.00 27.63 33.91 88.92 -1.58 22.10
104
COLUMN
AI 2.26 4.36 4.51 0.00 334.04 69.01 0.00 2.26 112.03 73.52
IQ 0.68 0.68 1.02 0.00 107.66 34.50 0.00 0.68 334.72 35.52
BJ 4.51 2.18 9.03 0.00 220.05 0.00 0.00 4.51 222.23 9.03
JR 1.35 0.34 2.03 0.00 106.05 0.00 0.00 1.35 106.39 2.03
CK 4.51 -2.18 9.03 0.00 439.53 0.00 0.00 4.51 437.34 9.03
KS 1.35 -0.34 2.03 0.00 289.53 0.00 0.00 1.35 289.19 2.03
DL 4.51 0.00 9.03 0.00 139.54 0.00 0.00 4.51 139.54 9.03
LT 1.35 0.00 2.03 0.00 335.32 0.00 0.00 1.35 335.32 2.03
EM 4.51 2.18 9.03 0.00 220.89 0.00 0.00 4.51 223.07 9.03
MU 1.35 0.34 2.03 0.00 106.46 0.00 0.00 1.35 106.79 2.03
FN 4.51 -2.18 9.03 0.00 335.37 0.00 0.00 4.51 333.19 9.03
NV 1.35 -0.34 2.03 0.00 220.92 0.00 0.00 1.35 220.58 2.03
GO 4.51 0.00 9.03 0.00 106.47 0.00 0.00 4.51 106.47 9.03
OW 1.35 0.00 2.03 0.00 219.69 0.00 0.00 1.35 219.69 -66.98
HP 2.26 -4.36 4.51 0.00 144.72 -69.01 0.00 2.26 140.35 29.99
PX 0.68 -0.68 1.02 0.00 69.75 -34.50 0.00 0.68 69.07 -33.49
105
106
structure, respectively (see figure 4.27& 4.28).
load by summing the load in each member; this serves as

107


BEAM
QR 0.51 -6.60 -0.76 141.02 0.00 33.77 16.89 141.53 -6.60 33.00
RS 0.76 -5.59 -0.76 145.03 0.00 36.75 19.98 145.79 -5.59 35.99
ST 0.51 -4.57 -0.76 93.49 0.00 27.75 -4.17 93.99 -4.57 26.99
TU 0.51 -3.56 -0.76 146.82 0.00 26.95 23.77 147.33 -3.56 26.18
UV 0.76 -2.54 -0.76 146.76 0.00 38.63 19.46 147.52 -2.54 37.87
VW 0.51 -1.52 -0.76 92.69 0.00 27.03 -3.86 93.20 -1.52 26.27
WX 0.51 -0.51 -0.76 131.32 0.00 27.04 33.19 131.83 -0.51 26.28
IJ 2.77 -15.41 -4.15 141.02 0.00 33.77 16.89 143.79 -15.41 29.62
JK 4.15 -13.04 -4.15 145.03 0.00 36.75 19.98 149.18 -13.04 32.60
KL 2.77 -10.67 -4.15 93.49 0.00 27.75 -4.17 96.25 -10.67 23.60
LM 2.77 -8.30 -4.15 146.82 0.00 26.95 23.77 149.59 -8.30 22.80
MN 4.15 -5.93 -4.15 146.76 0.00 38.63 19.46 150.91 -5.93 34.48
NO 2.77 -3.56 -4.15 92.69 0.00 27.03 -3.86 95.46 -3.56 22.89
OP 2.77 -1.19 -4.15 131.32 0.00 27.04 33.19 134.08 -1.19 22.89
108
COLUMN
AI 1.69 3.27 3.39 0.00 329.91 161.75 0.00 0.51 108.92 162.51
IQ 0.51 0.51 0.76 0.00 108.42 80.88 0.00 1.69 333.19 84.26
BJ 3.39 1.64 6.77 0.00 218.35 0.00 0.00 3.39 219.99 6.77
JR 1.02 0.25 1.52 0.00 106.79 0.00 0.00 1.02 107.05 1.52
CK 3.39 -1.64 6.77 0.00 434.09 0.00 0.00 3.39 432.46 6.77
KS 1.02 -0.25 1.52 0.00 287.31 0.00 0.00 1.02 287.05 1.52
DL 3.39 0.00 6.77 0.00 140.52 0.00 0.00 3.39 140.52 6.77
LT 1.02 0.00 1.52 0.00 331.17 0.00 0.00 1.02 331.17 1.52
EM 3.39 1.64 6.77 0.00 219.19 0.00 0.00 3.39 220.82 6.77
MU 1.02 0.25 1.52 0.00 107.20 0.00 0.00 1.02 107.46 1.52
FN 3.39 -1.64 6.77 0.00 331.23 0.00 0.00 3.39 329.59 6.77
NV 1.02 -0.25 1.52 0.00 219.22 0.00 0.00 1.02 218.97 1.52
GO 3.39 0.00 6.77 0.00 107.22 0.00 0.00 3.39 107.22 6.77
OW 1.02 0.00 1.52 0.00 216.97 0.00 0.00 1.02 216.97 163.28
HP 1.69 -3.27 3.39 0.00 143.60 -161.75 0.00 1.69 140.33 84.26
PX 0.51 -0.51 0.76 0.00 70.23 -80.88 0.00 0.51 69.73 81.64
109
110
4.9).

111


BEAM
QR 0.51 -6.60 -0.76 141.02 0.00 33.77 16.89 141.52 -6.60 33.00
RS 0.76 -5.59 -0.76 145.03 0.00 36.75 19.98 145.79 -5.59 35.99
ST 0.51 -4.57 -0.76 93.49 0.00 27.75 -4.17 93.99 -4.57 26.99
TU 0.51 -3.56 -0.76 146.82 0.00 26.95 23.77 147.33 -3.56 26.18
UV 0.76 -2.54 -0.76 146.76 0.00 38.63 19.46 147.52 -2.54 37.87
VW 0.51 -1.52 -0.76 92.69 0.00 27.03 -3.86 93.20 -1.52 26.27
WX 0.51 -0.51 -0.76 131.32 0.00 27.04 33.19 131.82 -0.51 26.28
IJ 2.77 -15.41 -4.15 141.02 0.00 33.77 16.89 143.78 -15.41 29.62
JK 4.15 -13.04 -4.15 145.03 0.00 36.75 19.98 149.18 -13.04 32.60
KL 2.77 -10.67 -4.15 93.49 0.00 27.75 -4.17 96.25 -10.67 23.60
LM 2.77 -8.30 -4.15 146.82 0.00 26.95 23.77 149.58 -8.30 22.80
MN 4.15 -5.93 -4.15 146.76 0.00 38.63 19.46 150.91 -5.93 34.48
NO 2.77 -3.56 -4.15 92.69 0.00 27.03 -3.86 95.46 -3.56 22.89
OP 2.77 -1.19 -4.15 131.32 0.00 27.04 33.19 134.08 -1.19 22.89
112
COLUMN
IQ 0.51 0.51 0.76 0.00 108.42 67.53 0.00 0.51 108.92 68.30
AI 1.69 3.27 3.39 0.00 329.91 33.77 0.00 1.69 333.19 37.15
BJ 3.39 1.64 6.77 0.00 218.35 0.00 0.00 3.39 219.99 6.77
JR 1.02 0.25 1.52 0.00 106.79 0.00 0.00 1.02 107.05 1.52
CK 3.39 -1.64 6.77 0.00 434.09 0.00 0.00 3.39 432.46 6.77
KS 1.02 -0.25 1.52 0.00 287.31 0.00 0.00 1.02 287.05 1.52
DL 3.39 0.00 6.77 0.00 140.52 0.00 0.00 3.39 140.52 6.77
LT 1.02 0.00 1.52 0.00 331.17 0.00 0.00 1.02 331.17 1.52
EM 3.39 1.64 6.77 0.00 219.19 0.00 0.00 3.39 220.82 6.77
MU 1.02 0.25 1.52 0.00 107.20 0.00 0.00 1.02 107.46 1.52
FN 3.39 -1.64 6.77 0.00 331.23 0.00 0.00 3.39 329.59 6.77
NV 1.02 -0.25 1.52 0.00 219.22 0.00 0.00 1.02 218.97 1.52
GO 3.39 0.00 6.77 0.00 107.22 0.00 0.00 3.39 107.22 6.77
OW 1.02 0.00 1.52 0.00 216.97 0.00 0.00 1.02 216.97 69.06
HP 1.69 -3.27 3.39 0.00 143.60 -67.53 0.00 1.69 140.33 37.15
PX 0.51 -0.51 0.76 0.00 70.23 -33.77 0.00 0.51 69.73 34.53
113
114

115


BEAM
PQ 0.22 -3.11 -0.67 139.30 0.00 69.91 34.96 139.52 -3.11 69.25
QR 0.22 -2.22 -0.67 137.18 0.00 68.32 33.38 137.40 -2.22 67.66
RS 0.22 -1.33 -0.67 144.62 0.00 73.11 39.93 144.84 -1.33 72.44
ST 0.67 -0.44 -0.67 85.61 0.00 55.56 -15.95 86.28 -0.44 54.89
KL 0.89 -6.22 -2.67 170.02 0.00 85.34 42.67 170.91 -6.22 82.67
LM 0.89 -4.44 -2.67 167.38 0.00 83.36 40.70 168.27 -4.44 80.70
MN 0.89 -2.67 -2.67 176.64 0.00 89.31 48.85 177.52 -2.67 86.65
NO 2.67 -0.89 -2.67 94.06 0.00 67.50 -21.65 96.72 -0.89 64.84
FG 2.25 -7.26 -6.74 170.02 0.00 85.34 42.67 172.27 -7.26 78.60
GH 2.25 -5.18 -6.74 167.38 0.00 83.36 40.70 169.63 -5.18 76.62
HI 2.25 -3.11 -6.74 176.64 0.00 89.31 48.85 178.88 -3.11 82.57
IJ 6.74 -1.04 -6.74 94.06 0.00 67.50 -21.65 100.80 -1.04 60.76
116
COLUMN
AF 2.37 3.36 4.74 0.00 239.68 240.59 0.00 2.37 243.03 245.33
FK 1.33 1.11 2.00 0.00 154.66 155.25 0.00 1.33 155.77 157.25
KP 0.44 0.22 0.67 0.00 69.65 69.91 0.00 0.44 69.87 70.58
BG 4.74 0.00 9.48 0.00 473.80 0.00 0.00 4.74 473.80 9.48
GL 2.67 0.00 4.00 0.00 305.76 0.00 0.00 2.67 305.76 4.00
LQ 0.89 0.00 1.33 0.00 137.71 0.00 0.00 0.89 137.71 1.33
CH 4.74 0.00 9.48 0.00 490.48 0.00 0.00 4.74 490.48 9.48
HM 2.67 0.00 4.00 0.00 316.49 0.00 0.00 2.67 316.49 4.00
MR 0.89 0.00 1.33 0.00 142.49 0.00 0.00 0.89 142.49 1.33
DI 4.74 6.72 9.48 0.00 365.42 0.00 0.00 4.74 372.14 9.48
IN 2.67 2.22 4.00 0.00 237.34 0.00 0.00 2.67 239.56 4.00
NS 0.89 0.44 1.33 0.00 109.27 0.00 0.00 0.89 109.71 1.33
EJ 2.37 -10.07 4.74 0.00 5.87 59.58 0.00 2.37 -4.20 64.32
JO 1.33 -3.33 2.00 0.00 4.66 37.89 0.00 1.33 1.33 39.89
OT 0.44 -0.67 0.67 0.00 3.45 16.21 0.00 0.44 2.79 16.88
117
118
Further, Table 4.11 shows the summary of load for
4.11).

119


BEAM
PQ 0.44 -6.22 -1.33 316.12 0.00 158.65 79.34 316.56 -6.22 157.32
QR 0.44 -4.44 -1.33 311.30 0.00 155.05 75.74 311.74 -4.44 153.71
RS 0.44 -2.67 -1.33 328.19 0.00 165.91 90.61 328.63 -2.67 164.57
ST 1.33 -0.89 -1.33 194.27 0.00 126.08 -36.20 195.60 -0.89 124.75
KL 1.78 -12.44 -5.33 339.97 0.00 170.62 85.33 341.75 -12.44 165.29
LM 1.78 -8.89 -5.33 334.78 0.00 166.74 81.46 336.56 -8.89 161.41
MN 1.78 -5.33 -5.33 352.95 0.00 178.42 97.45 354.73 -5.33 173.09
NO 5.33 -1.78 -5.33 208.93 0.00 135.60 -38.93 214.26 -1.78 130.26
FG 4.49 -14.52 -13.48 339.97 0.00 170.62 85.33 344.46 -14.52 157.14
GH 4.49 -10.37 -13.48 334.78 0.00 166.74 81.46 339.28 -10.37 153.27
HI 4.49 -6.22 -13.48 352.95 0.00 178.42 97.45 357.44 -6.22 164.94
IJ 13.48 -2.07 -13.48 208.93 0.00 135.60 -38.93 222.41 -2.07 122.12
120
COLUMN
AF 4.74 6.72 9.48 0.00 498.03 499.90 0.00 4.74 504.74 509.38
FK 2.67 2.22 4.00 0.00 328.04 329.28 0.00 2.67 330.26 333.28
KP 0.89 0.44 1.33 0.00 158.06 158.65 0.00 0.89 158.50 159.99
BG 9.48 0.00 18.96 0.00 984.67 0.00 0.00 9.48 984.67 18.96
GL 5.33 0.00 8.00 0.00 648.59 0.00 0.00 5.33 648.59 8.00
LQ 1.78 0.00 2.67 0.00 312.50 0.00 0.00 1.78 312.50 2.67
CH 9.48 0.00 18.96 0.00 1018.88 0.00 0.00 9.48 1018.88 18.96
HM 5.33 0.00 8.00 0.00 671.12 0.00 0.00 5.33 671.12 8.00
MR 1.78 0.00 2.67 0.00 323.36 0.00 0.00 1.78 323.36 2.67
DI 9.48 13.43 18.96 0.00 781.28 0.00 0.00 9.48 794.71 18.96
IN 5.33 4.44 8.00 0.00 514.62 0.00 0.00 5.33 519.06 8.00
NS 1.78 0.89 2.67 0.00 247.96 0.00 0.00 1.78 248.84 2.67
EJ 4.74 -20.15 9.48 0.00 24.69 115.90 0.00 4.74 4.55 125.38
JO 2.67 -6.67 4.00 0.00 16.26 76.34 0.00 2.67 9.60 80.34
OT 0.89 -1.33 1.33 0.00 7.84 36.78 0.00 0.89 6.50 38.12
121
122
4.12).
123
FRAME
12 Lateral Loads Vertical Loads Total Loads
BEAM
K'L' 0.14 -3.59 -0.41 341.15 0.00 266.71 246.86 341.29 -3.59 266.29
L'M' 0.14 -3.04 -0.41 336.20 0.00 259.38 239.39 336.34 -3.04 258.97
M'N' 0.14 -2.49 -0.41 353.68 0.00 281.76 270.22 353.82 -2.49 281.35
N'O' 0.41 -1.94 -0.41 199.10 0.00 199.26 -24.34 199.51 -1.94 198.85
O'P' 0.17 -1.38 -0.41 90.45 0.00 27.69 74.18 90.62 -1.38 27.27
P'Q' 0.17 -0.83 -0.41 103.07 0.00 77.39 54.89 103.24 -0.83 76.97
Q'R' 0.17 -0.28 -0.41 99.53 0.00 63.99 59.35 99.69 -0.28 63.58
YZ 0.35 -5.23 -1.04 341.24 0.00 286.68 227.15 341.59 -5.23 285.63
ZA' 0.35 -4.94 -1.04 335.93 0.00 278.82 219.14 336.28 -4.94 277.78
A'B' 0.35 -4.65 -1.04 354.69 0.00 302.84 252.29 355.04 -4.65 301.79
B'C' 1.04 -4.37 -1.04 205.83 0.00 214.29 -27.34 206.88 -4.37 213.25
C'D' 0.42 -4.08 -1.04 90.69 0.00 29.25 73.16 91.11 -4.08 28.20
D'E' 0.42 -3.79 -1.04 100.39 0.00 77.76 47.73 100.81 -3.79 76.72
E'F' 0.42 -3.50 -1.04 110.09 0.00 77.76 73.16 110.51 -3.50 76.72
F'G' 0.63 -2.94 -0.63 20.79 0.00 29.25 -27.34 21.42 -2.94 28.62
G'H' 0.21 -2.10 -0.63 325.17 0.00 214.29 252.29 325.38 -2.10 213.66
H'I' 0.21 -1.26 -0.63 343.93 0.00 302.84 219.14 344.14 -1.26 302.21
I'J' 0.21 -0.42 -0.63 338.62 0.00 278.82 227.15 338.83 -0.42 278.19
124
MN 0.67 -5.60 -2.00 341.24 0.00 286.68 227.15 341.91 -5.60 284.67
NO 0.67 -5.07 -2.00 335.93 0.00 278.82 219.14 336.60 -5.07 276.82
OP 0.67 -4.54 -2.00 354.69 0.00 302.84 252.29 355.36 -4.54 300.83
PQ 2.00 -4.00 -2.00 205.83 0.00 214.29 -27.34 207.84 -4.00 212.29
QR 0.80 -3.47 -2.00 90.69 0.00 29.25 73.16 91.49 -3.47 27.24
RS 0.80 -2.94 -2.00 100.39 0.00 77.76 47.73 101.19 -2.94 75.76
ST 0.80 -2.40 -2.00 110.09 0.00 77.76 73.16 110.89 -2.40 75.76
TU 2.00 -1.87 -2.00 20.79 0.00 29.25 -27.34 22.79 -1.87 27.24
UV 0.67 -1.33 -2.00 325.17 0.00 214.29 252.29 325.84 -1.33 212.29
VW 0.67 -0.80 -2.00 343.93 0.00 302.84 219.14 344.60 -0.80 300.83
WX 0.67 -0.27 -2.00 338.62 0.00 278.82 227.15 339.29 -0.27 276.82
COLUMN
AM 0.69 1.15 1.37 0.00 835.19 840.06 0.00 0.69 836.34 841.44
MY 0.42 0.49 0.63 0.00 549.76 553.39 0.00 0.42 550.24 554.02
YK' 0.28 0.14 0.41 0.00 264.32 266.71 0.00 0.28 264.46 267.12
BN 1.37 0.00 2.75 0.00 1649.57 0.00 0.00 1.37 1649.57 2.75
NZ 0.84 0.00 1.26 0.00 1086.63 0.00 0.00 0.84 1086.63 1.26
ZL' 0.55 0.00 0.83 0.00 523.70 0.00 0.00 0.55 523.70 0.83
CO 1.37 0.00 2.75 0.00 1720.15 0.00 0.00 1.37 1720.15 2.75
OA' 0.84 0.00 1.26 0.00 1133.14 0.00 0.00 0.84 1133.14 1.26
A'M' 0.55 0.00 0.83 0.00 546.13 0.00 0.00 0.55 546.13 0.83
DP 1.37 2.31 2.75 0.00 1337.66 0.00 0.00 1.37 1339.97 2.75
125
PB' 0.84 0.97 1.26 0.00 881.07 0.00 0.00 0.84 882.04 1.26
B'N' 0.55 0.28 0.83 0.00 424.47 0.00 0.00 0.55 424.75 0.83
EQ 1.37 -2.08 2.75 0.00 224.71 0.00 0.00 1.37 222.63 2.75
QC' 0.84 -0.88 1.26 0.00 148.67 0.00 0.00 0.84 147.80 1.26
C'O' 0.55 -0.25 0.83 0.00 72.63 0.00 0.00 0.55 72.38 0.83
FR 1.37 0.00 2.75 0.00 526.75 0.00 0.00 1.37 526.75 2.75
RD' 0.84 0.00 1.26 0.00 349.94 0.00 0.00 0.84 349.94 1.26
D'P' 0.55 0.00 0.83 0.00 173.13 0.00 0.00 0.55 173.13 0.83
GS 1.37 0.00 2.75 0.00 510.59 0.00 0.00 1.37 510.59 2.75
SE' 0.84 0.00 1.26 0.00 333.78 0.00 0.00 0.84 333.78 1.26
E'Q' 0.55 0.00 0.83 0.00 156.97 0.00 0.00 0.55 156.97 0.83
HT 1.37 1.25 2.75 0.00 233.19 -68.30 0.00 1.37 234.44 -65.55
TF' 0.84 0.05 1.26 0.00 157.16 -68.30 0.00 0.84 157.20 -67.04
F'R' 0.28 -0.17 0.41 0.00 81.12 -68.30 0.00 0.28 80.95 -67.89
IU 1.37 -1.76 2.75 0.00 913.19 0.00 0.00 1.37 911.44 2.75
UG' 0.84 -0.42 1.26 0.00 456.60 0.00 0.00 0.84 456.18 1.26
JV 1.37 0.00 2.75 0.00 1174.02 0.00 0.00 1.37 1174.02 2.75
VH' 0.84 0.00 1.26 0.00 587.01 0.00 0.00 0.84 587.01 1.26
KW 1.37 0.00 2.75 0.00 1125.88 0.00 0.00 1.37 1125.88 2.75
WI' 0.84 0.00 1.26 0.00 562.94 0.00 0.00 0.84 562.94 1.26
LX 0.69 -0.88 1.37 0.00 570.87 -573.36 0.00 0.69 569.99 -571.98
XJ' 0.42 -0.21 0.63 0.00 285.43 -286.68 0.00 0.42 285.22 -286.05
126
127
128

BEAM
K'L' 0.14 -3.56 -0.41 265.75 0.00 133.56 66.83 265.89 -3.56 133.15
L'M' 0.14 -3.01 -0.41 259.96 0.00 129.28 62.46 260.09 -3.01 128.87
M'N' 0.14 -2.46 -0.41 280.45 0.00 142.39 80.78 280.59 -2.46 141.98
N'O' 0.41 -1.92 -0.41 127.73 0.00 94.01 -47.72 128.14 -1.92 93.60
O'P' 0.16 -1.37 -0.41 201.30 0.00 54.39 60.60 201.47 -1.37 53.98
P'Q' 0.16 -0.82 -0.41 225.40 0.00 101.80 42.35 225.56 -0.82 101.39
Q'R' 0.16 -0.27 -0.41 218.60 0.00 88.98 46.61 218.77 -0.27 88.57
YZ 0.36 -5.90 -1.09 285.66 0.00 143.56 71.84 286.02 -5.90 142.48
ZA' 0.36 -5.55 -1.09 279.42 0.00 138.96 67.13 279.78 -5.55 137.88
A'B' 0.36 -5.20 -1.09 301.51 0.00 153.08 86.89 301.87 -5.20 152.00
B'C' 1.09 -4.84 -1.09 136.14 0.00 100.92 -52.00 137.23 -4.84 99.84
C'D' 0.43 -4.49 -1.09 217.97 0.00 59.49 65.92 218.40 -4.49 58.41
D'E' 0.43 -4.13 -1.09 236.77 0.00 106.50 41.48 237.20 -4.13 105.42
E'F' 0.43 -3.78 -1.09 255.57 0.00 106.50 65.92 256.01 -3.78 105.42
F'G' 0.68 -3.15 -0.68 53.28 0.00 59.49 -52.00 53.95 -3.15 58.82
G'H' 0.23 -2.25 -0.68 266.74 0.00 100.92 86.89 266.96 -2.25 100.25
H'I' 0.23 -1.35 -0.68 288.83 0.00 153.08 67.13 289.06 -1.35 152.41
I'J' 0.23 -0.45 -0.68 282.59 0.00 138.96 71.84 282.82 -0.45 138.29
MN 0.73 -6.52 -2.20 285.66 0.00 143.56 71.84 286.39 -6.52 141.37
129
NO 0.73 -5.90 -2.20 279.42 0.00 138.96 67.13 280.15 -5.90 136.76
OP 0.73 -5.28 -2.20 301.51 0.00 153.08 86.89 302.24 -5.28 150.88
PQ 2.20 -4.66 -2.20 136.14 0.00 100.92 -52.00 138.34 -4.66 98.73
QR 0.88 -4.04 -2.20 217.97 0.00 59.49 65.92 218.85 -4.04 57.29
RS 0.88 -3.42 -2.20 236.77 0.00 106.50 41.48 237.65 -3.42 104.30
ST 0.88 -2.79 -2.20 255.57 0.00 106.50 65.92 256.45 -2.79 104.30
TU 2.20 -2.17 -2.20 53.28 0.00 59.49 -52.00 55.47 -2.17 57.29
UV 0.73 -1.55 -2.20 266.74 0.00 100.92 86.89 267.47 -1.55 98.73
VW 0.73 -0.93 -2.20 288.83 0.00 153.08 67.13 289.56 -0.93 150.88
WX 0.73 -0.31 -2.20 282.59 0.00 138.96 71.84 283.32 -0.31 136.76
COLUMN
AM 0.76 1.23 1.52 0.00 417.82 420.68 0.00 0.76 419.05 422.21
MY 0.45 0.50 0.68 0.00 274.99 277.12 0.00 0.45 275.49 277.80
YK' 0.27 0.14 0.41 0.00 132.16 133.56 0.00 0.27 132.30 133.97
BN 1.52 0.00 3.04 0.00 823.44 0.00 0.00 1.52 823.44 3.04
NZ 0.90 0.00 1.35 0.00 542.43 0.00 0.00 0.90 542.43 1.35
ZL' 0.55 0.00 0.82 0.00 261.43 0.00 0.00 0.55 261.43 0.82
CO 1.52 0.00 3.04 0.00 864.91 0.00 0.00 1.52 864.91 3.04
OA' 0.90 0.00 1.35 0.00 569.74 0.00 0.00 0.90 569.74 1.35
A'M' 0.55 0.00 0.82 0.00 274.57 0.00 0.00 0.55 274.57 0.82
DP 1.52 2.46 3.04 0.00 590.84 0.00 0.00 1.52 593.31 3.04
PB' 0.90 1.00 1.35 0.00 389.40 0.00 0.00 0.90 390.40 1.35
130
B'N' 0.55 0.27 0.82 0.00 187.96 0.00 0.00 0.55 188.24 0.82
EQ 1.52 -2.22 3.04 0.00 396.14 0.00 0.00 1.52 393.92 3.04
QC' 0.90 -0.90 1.35 0.00 260.52 0.00 0.00 0.90 259.62 1.35
C'O' 0.55 -0.25 0.82 0.00 124.90 0.00 0.00 0.55 124.65 0.82
FR 1.52 0.00 3.04 0.00 724.66 0.00 0.00 1.52 724.66 3.04
RD' 0.90 0.00 1.35 0.00 478.49 0.00 0.00 0.90 478.49 1.35
D'P' 0.55 0.00 0.82 0.00 232.32 0.00 0.00 0.55 232.32 0.82
GS 1.52 0.00 3.04 0.00 709.22 0.00 0.00 1.52 709.22 3.04
SE' 0.90 0.00 1.35 0.00 463.05 0.00 0.00 0.90 463.05 1.35
E'Q' 0.55 0.00 0.82 0.00 216.87 0.00 0.00 0.55 216.87 0.82
HT 1.52 1.40 3.04 0.00 382.21 -93.15 0.00 1.52 383.61 -90.10
TF' 0.90 0.08 1.35 0.00 246.59 -93.15 0.00 0.90 246.67 -91.79
F'R' 0.27 -0.16 0.41 0.00 110.97 -93.15 0.00 0.27 110.80 -92.73
IU 1.52 -1.92 3.04 0.00 402.88 0.00 0.00 1.52 400.96 3.04
UG' 0.90 -0.45 1.35 0.00 201.44 0.00 0.00 0.90 200.99 1.35
JV 1.52 0.00 3.04 0.00 590.34 0.00 0.00 1.52 590.34 3.04
VH' 0.90 0.00 1.35 0.00 295.17 0.00 0.00 0.90 295.17 1.35
KW 1.52 0.00 3.04 0.00 562.01 0.00 0.00 1.52 562.01 3.04
WI' 0.90 0.00 1.35 0.00 281.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 281.00 1.35
LX 0.76 -0.96 1.52 0.00 285.66 -287.13 0.00 0.76 284.70 -285.60
XJ' 0.45 -0.23 0.68 0.00 142.83 -143.56 0.00 0.45 142.60 -142.89
131
132
Further, Table 4.14 shows the summary of load for

133

BEAM
K'L' 0.25 -6.60 -0.76 316.61 0.00 159.12 79.62 316.87 -6.60 158.36
L'M' 0.25 -5.59 -0.76 309.71 0.00 154.03 74.42 309.96 -5.59 153.26
M'N' 0.25 -4.57 -0.76 334.13 0.00 169.64 96.24 334.38 -4.57 168.88
N'O' 0.76 -3.56 -0.76 152.18 0.00 112.00 -56.85 152.94 -3.56 111.24
O'P' 0.30 -2.54 -0.76 239.83 0.00 64.80 72.19 240.14 -2.54 64.03
P'Q' 0.30 -1.52 -0.76 268.54 0.00 121.29 50.46 268.84 -1.52 120.53
Q'R' 0.30 -0.51 -0.76 260.44 0.00 106.01 55.54 260.75 -0.51 105.25
YZ 0.74 -13.76 -2.22 340.50 0.00 171.13 85.63 341.24 -13.76 168.91
ZA' 0.74 -12.83 -2.22 333.06 0.00 165.64 80.02 333.80 -12.83 163.43
A'B' 0.74 -11.91 -2.22 359.40 0.00 182.47 103.57 360.14 -11.91 180.26
B'C' 2.22 -10.99 -2.22 162.28 0.00 120.30 -61.98 164.50 -10.99 118.09
C'D' 0.89 -10.06 -2.22 259.82 0.00 70.91 78.57 260.70 -10.06 68.70
D'E' 0.89 -9.14 -2.22 282.23 0.00 126.95 49.44 283.12 -9.14 124.73
E'F' 0.89 -8.22 -2.22 304.64 0.00 126.95 78.57 305.53 -8.22 124.73
F'G' 1.45 -6.79 -1.45 63.50 0.00 70.91 -61.98 64.96 -6.79 69.46
G'H' 0.48 -4.85 -1.45 317.95 0.00 120.30 103.57 318.44 -4.85 118.85
H'I' 0.48 -2.91 -1.45 344.29 0.00 182.47 80.02 344.77 -2.91 181.02
I'J' 0.48 -0.97 -1.45 336.85 0.00 165.64 85.63 337.33 -0.97 164.19
MN 1.63 -15.84 -4.90 340.50 0.00 171.13 85.63 342.14 -15.84 166.22
NO 1.63 -14.33 -4.90 333.06 0.00 165.64 80.02 334.70 -14.33 160.74
134
OP 1.63 -12.82 -4.90 359.40 0.00 182.47 103.57 361.03 -12.82 177.57
PQ 4.90 -11.31 -4.90 162.28 0.00 120.30 -61.98 167.18 -11.31 115.40
QR 1.96 -9.80 -4.90 259.82 0.00 70.91 78.57 261.78 -9.80 66.01
RS 1.96 -8.30 -4.90 282.23 0.00 126.95 49.44 284.19 -8.30 122.05
ST 1.96 -6.79 -4.90 304.64 0.00 126.95 78.57 306.60 -6.79 122.05
TU 4.90 -5.28 -4.90 63.50 0.00 70.91 -61.98 68.41 -5.28 66.01
UV 1.63 -3.77 -4.90 317.95 0.00 120.30 103.57 319.59 -3.77 115.40
VW 1.63 -2.26 -4.90 344.29 0.00 182.47 80.02 345.92 -2.26 177.57
WX 1.63 -0.75 -4.90 336.85 0.00 165.64 85.63 338.48 -0.75 160.74
COLUMN
AM 1.72 2.63 3.45 0.00 497.96 501.37 0.00 1.72 500.59 504.82
MY 0.97 0.99 1.45 0.00 327.71 330.25 0.00 0.97 328.70 331.70
YK' 0.51 0.25 0.76 0.00 157.46 159.12 0.00 0.51 157.71 159.88
BN 3.45 0.00 6.89 0.00 981.38 0.00 0.00 3.45 981.38 6.89
NZ 1.94 0.00 2.91 0.00 646.42 0.00 0.00 1.94 646.42 2.91
ZL' 1.02 0.00 1.52 0.00 311.46 0.00 0.00 1.02 311.46 1.52
CO 3.45 0.00 6.89 0.00 1030.81 0.00 0.00 3.45 1030.81 6.89
OA' 1.94 0.00 2.91 0.00 678.97 0.00 0.00 1.94 678.97 2.91
A'M' 1.02 0.00 1.52 0.00 327.12 0.00 0.00 1.02 327.12 1.52
DP 3.45 5.25 6.89 0.00 704.17 0.00 0.00 3.45 709.42 6.89
PB' 1.94 1.99 2.91 0.00 464.05 0.00 0.00 1.94 466.04 2.91
B'N' 1.02 0.51 1.52 0.00 223.94 0.00 0.00 1.02 224.45 1.52
EQ 3.45 -4.73 6.89 0.00 472.12 0.00 0.00 3.45 467.39 6.89
QC' 1.94 -1.79 2.91 0.00 310.46 0.00 0.00 1.94 308.67 2.91
C'O' 1.02 -0.46 1.52 0.00 148.80 0.00 0.00 1.02 148.34 1.52
135
FR 3.45 0.00 6.89 0.00 863.66 0.00 0.00 3.45 863.66 6.89
RD' 1.94 0.00 2.91 0.00 570.22 0.00 0.00 1.94 570.22 2.91
D'P' 1.02 0.00 1.52 0.00 276.78 0.00 0.00 1.02 276.78 1.52
GS 3.45 0.00 6.89 0.00 845.25 0.00 0.00 3.45 845.25 6.89
SE' 1.94 0.00 2.91 0.00 551.82 0.00 0.00 1.94 551.82 2.91
E'Q' 1.02 0.00 1.52 0.00 258.38 0.00 0.00 1.02 258.38 1.52
HT 3.45 3.20 6.89 0.00 455.53 -110.97 0.00 3.45 458.73 -104.08
TF' 1.94 0.26 2.91 0.00 293.87 -110.97 0.00 1.94 294.13 -108.06
F'R' 0.51 -0.30 0.76 0.00 132.21 -110.97 0.00 0.51 131.90 -110.21
IU 3.45 -4.24 6.89 0.00 480.23 0.00 0.00 3.45 475.99 6.89
UG' 1.94 -0.97 2.91 0.00 240.12 0.00 0.00 1.94 239.15 2.91
JV 3.45 0.00 6.89 0.00 703.68 0.00 0.00 3.45 703.68 6.89
VH' 1.94 0.00 2.91 0.00 351.84 0.00 0.00 1.94 351.84 2.91
KW 3.45 0.00 6.89 0.00 669.91 0.00 0.00 3.45 669.91 6.89
WI' 1.94 0.00 2.91 0.00 334.96 0.00 0.00 1.94 334.96 2.91
LX 1.72 -2.12 3.45 0.00 340.50 -342.25 0.00 1.72 338.38 -338.81
XJ' 0.97 -0.48 1.45 0.00 170.25 -171.13 0.00 0.97 169.77 -169.67
136
137

138

FRAME
15 Lateral Loads Vertical Loads Total Loads
BEAM
KL 0.22 -3.11 -0.67 94.06 0.00 21.68 -21.65 94.28 -3.11 21.02
LM 0.22 -2.22 -0.67 176.64 0.00 67.50 48.85 176.86 -2.22 66.84
MN 0.22 -1.33 -0.67 167.38 0.00 89.31 40.70 167.61 -1.33 88.65
NO 0.67 -0.44 -0.67 170.02 0.00 83.36 42.67 170.69 -0.44 82.70
FG 1.21 -7.26 -3.63 94.06 0.00 21.68 -21.65 95.27 -7.26 18.06
GH 1.21 -5.18 -3.63 176.64 0.00 67.50 48.85 177.85 -5.18 63.88
HI 1.21 -3.11 -3.63 167.38 0.00 89.31 40.70 168.59 -3.11 85.68
IJ 3.63 -1.04 -3.63 170.02 0.00 83.36 42.67 173.65 -1.04 79.74
COLUMN
AF 1.48 1.43 2.96 0.00 3.45 16.21 0.00 1.48 4.89 19.17
FK 0.44 0.22 0.67 0.00 109.27 37.89 0.00 0.44 109.49 38.56
BG 2.96 0.00 5.93 0.00 142.49 59.58 0.00 2.96 142.49 65.50
GL 0.89 0.00 1.33 0.00 137.71 0.00 0.00 0.89 137.71 1.33
CH 2.96 0.00 5.93 0.00 69.65 0.00 0.00 2.96 69.65 5.93
HM 0.89 0.00 1.33 0.00 4.66 0.00 0.00 0.89 4.66 1.33
DI 2.96 2.86 5.93 0.00 237.34 0.00 0.00 2.96 240.21 5.93
IN 0.89 0.44 1.33 0.00 316.49 69.91 0.00 0.89 316.93 71.25
EJ 1.48 -4.30 2.96 0.00 305.76 155.25 0.00 1.48 301.46 158.22
JO 0.44 -0.67 0.67 0.00 154.66 240.59 0.00 0.44 154.00 241.26
139
140

141


BEAM
KL 0.44 -6.22 -1.33 16.85 0.00 39.56 -38.93 17.30 -6.22 38.23
LM 0.44 -4.44 -1.33 324.40 0.00 135.60 97.45 324.84 -4.44 134.26
MN 0.44 -2.67 -1.33 342.57 0.00 178.42 81.46 343.01 -2.67 177.09
NO 1.33 -0.89 -1.33 337.38 0.00 166.74 85.33 338.72 -0.89 165.41
FG 2.42 -14.52 -7.26 16.85 0.00 39.56 -38.93 19.27 -14.52 32.30
GH 2.42 -10.37 -7.26 324.40 0.00 135.60 97.45 326.82 -10.37 128.34
HI 2.42 -6.22 -7.26 342.57 0.00 178.42 81.46 344.99 -6.22 171.17
IJ 7.26 -2.07 -7.26 337.38 0.00 166.74 85.33 344.64 -2.07 159.49
COLUMN
AF 2.96 2.86 5.93 0.00 7.84 36.78 0.00 2.96 10.70 42.71
FK 0.89 0.44 1.33 0.00 247.96 76.34 0.00 0.89 248.40 77.68
BG 5.93 0.00 11.85 0.00 323.36 115.90 0.00 5.93 323.36 127.75
GL 1.78 0.00 2.67 0.00 312.50 0.00 0.00 1.78 312.50 2.67
CH 5.93 0.00 11.85 0.00 158.06 0.00 0.00 5.93 158.06 11.85
HM 1.78 0.00 2.67 0.00 16.26 0.00 0.00 1.78 16.26 2.67
DI 5.93 5.73 11.85 0.00 514.62 0.00 0.00 5.93 520.35 11.85
IN 1.78 0.89 2.67 0.00 671.12 158.65 0.00 1.78 672.01 161.32
EJ 2.96 -8.59 5.93 0.00 648.59 329.28 0.00 2.96 639.99 335.20
JO 0.89 -1.33 1.33 0.00 328.04 499.90 0.00 0.89 326.71 501.23
142
143
Structural Design Analysis
This shows the result of the structural members
of the building. Figures 4.45 and 4.46, First Floor
Framing Plan, have the viewpoint schedule. All results
are tabulated in Table 4.17, Schedule of Slabs, Table
4.18, Schedule of Columns, Table 4.19, Schedule of
Stairs, and Table 4.20, Schedule of Ramps. The
reinforcement used for designing the beams and slabs is
12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 25mm, and 32mm.
Also, the types of designs used in slabs are two-way
slabs and one-way slabs. Then, the thickness of the slab
is 180mm. It has been designed in accordance with the
design of the slab; the dimension of the beam is 280mm by
480mm, and the column sizes for square tie are 330mm by
410mmx410mm. (see Figure 4.45 & 4.46 and Table 4.17,
4.18, 4.19, 4.20).
The type of method used in raft footing is
conventional. Then, the thickness of the raft footing is
600mm. It has been designed in accordance with the design
of raft footings. The area of the raft footing is 1080mm
square. meters. The reinforcement that was used for
designing the raft footing is 32mm in diameter at 150mm
and 200mm spacing along the short and long directions,
respectively.
Figure 4.45. Foundation Plan
144
Figure 4.46. First Floor Framing Plan 145
Table 4.17. Schedule of Ground Floor Slabs
DIMENSION (mm) SHORT DIRECTION LONG DIRECTION
TYPE
MARK OF RSB SPACING SPACING @ SPACING @ SPACING @
Length Width Height
SLABS @ MIDDLE COLUMN MIDDLE COLUMN
(Lb) (L) (t)
STRIP STRIP STRIP STRIP
RS-1 6000mm 3000mm 180mm T.W.S 12mm 140mm 140mm
RS-2 6000mm 3000mm 180mm T.W.S 12mm 140mm 130mm 140mm
RS-5 5000mm 2000mm 180mm O.W.S 12mm 140mm 200mm
Table 4.18. Schedule of Ground Floor Column

NO.OF RSB@ Spacing
MARK LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT RSB OF
BARS@MAIN LATERAL @LATERAL
(SQUARE TIED) (L) (b) (h) MAIN BARS
BARS TIES TIES
C5 340mm 340mm 6000mm 20mm 8pcs 10mm 320mm
146
Table 4.19 Schedule of Stair
RSB OF RSB OF
MARK LENGTH (L) WIDTH (B) HEIGHT (h)
MAIN BARS TEMPERATURE BARS
SW-1 2000mm 3000mm 180mm 16mm 10mm
SW-2 1750mm 3000mm 180mm 16mm 10mm
SW-3 1000mm 3000mm 18mm 16mm 10mm
Table 4.20 Schedule of Ramps

RSB OF RSB OF
MARK LENGTH (L) WIDTH (B) HEIGHT (h)
MAIN BARS TEMPERATURE BARS
RS-1 6000mm 1800mm 500mm 16mm 10mm
RS-2 12000mm 1800mm 1000mm 16mm 10mm
147
148
Figures 4.47 and 4.48, Second Floor Framing Plan,
have the viewpoint schedule. All results are tabulated in
Table 4.21, Schedule of Beam, Table 4.22, Schedule of
Column, and Table 4.23, Schedule of Slabs. The
reinforcement that was used for designing the beam and
slabs is 10mm, 16mm, 20mm, 25mm, and 32mm.
design of the slab. The dimension of the beam is 280 mm
by 480 mm, and the column sizes for square tie are 330 mm
by 340mmx340mm. (see Figure 4.49 & 4.50 and Table 4.21,
4.22 & 4.23).

Figure 4.47. Second Floor Framing Plan (Beam)
149
Figure 4.48. Second Floor Framing Plan (Slab)
150
Table 4.21. Schedule of Second Floor Beam
LENGTH( WIDTH HEIGHT RSB&NO.OF RSB&NO.OF
MARK RSB&SPACING OF STIRRUPS
L) (b) (h) BARS@SUPPORT BARS@MIDSPAN
10ømm -1@50mm, 5@160mm,
RB-1 3000mm 280mm 480mm 4pcs-22ømm 2pcs-22ømm
REST@200mm
RB-2 6000mm 280mm 480mm 4pcs-22ømm 2pcs-22ømm 10ømm -1@50, REST@200mm
4pcs-32ømm
10ømm -1@50, 10@180mm,
RB-3 6000mm 280mm 480mm @top 4pcs-25ømm
REST@200mm
2pcs-16ømm
@bottom
RB-4 3000mm 200mm 250mm 2pcs-20ømm 3pcs-20ømm 10ømm -1@50, REST@100mm
151
Table 4.22. Schedule of Second Floor Column
NO.OF RSB@ SPACING
MARK LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT RSB OF
BARS@MAIN LATERAL @LATERAL
(SQUARE TIED) (L) (b) (h) MAIN BARS
BARS TIES TIES
Table 4.23. Schedule of Second Floor Slab

TYPE
MARK OF RSB SPACING SPACING @ SPACING @ SPACING @
Length Width Height
SLABS @ MIDDLE COLUMN MIDDLE COLUMN
(Lb) (L) (t)
STRIP STRIP STRIP STRIP
152
153
Figures 4.49 and 4.50, Third Floor Framing Plan,
have the viewpoint schedule. All results are tabulated in
Table 4.24, Schedule of Beam, Table 4.25, Schedule of
Column, and Table 4.26, Schedule of Slabs. The
reinforcement that was used for designing the beam and
slabs is 10mm, 16mm, 20mm, 25mm, and 32mm.
design of the slab. The dimension of the beam is 280mm by
480mm, and the column sizes for square tie are 330 mm by
340mmx340mm. (see Figure 4.49 & 4.50 and Table 4.24, 4.25
& 4.26).
Figure 4.49. Third Floor Framing Plan (Beam)
154
Figure 4.50. Third Floor Framing Plan (Slab)
155
Table 4.24. Schedule of Third Floor Beam
LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT RSB&NO.OF RSB&NO.OF

(L) (b) (h) BARS@SUPPORT BARS@MIDSPAN
10ømm -1@50mm, 5@160mm,
2RB-1 3000mm 280mm 480mm 4pcs-22ømm 2pcs-22ømm
REST@200mm
2RB-2 6000mm 280mm 480mm 4pcs-22ømm 2pcs-22ømm 10ømm -1@50, REST@200mm
4pcs-32ømm
10ømm -1@50, 10@180mm,
2RB-3 6000mm 280mm 480mm @top 4pcs-25ømm
REST@200mm
2pcs-16ømm
@bottom
Table 4.25. Schedule of Third Floor Column

NO.OF
MARK LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT RSB OF RSB@ SPACING
BARS@MAIN
(SQUARE TIED) (L) (b) (h) MAIN BARS LATERAL TIES @LATERAL TIES
BARS
156
Table 4.26.Schedule of Third Floor Slab
TYPE SPACING
MARK OF RSB SPACING @ SPACING @ SPACING @
Length Width Height @
SLABS COLUMN MIDDLE COLUMN
(Lb) (L) (t) MIDDLE
STRIP STRIP STRIP
STRIP
157
158
In Figures 4.51 and 4.52, the roof slab framing plan
has the perspective schedule of beam and slab. The data
were computed and tabulated in Table 4.27, Schedule of
Roof Slab Beam, and Table 4.28, Schedule of Roof Slab.
The reinforcement used for designing the beams and slabs
is 12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 25mm, and 32mm.
The thickness of the slab is 180 mm; it has been
designed in accordance with the design of the slab, and
the dimensions of the beam are 280mm by 480mm (see Figure
4.51 & Figure 4.52 and Table 4.27 & 4.28).

159
Figure 4.51. Rooftop Framing Plan (Beam)
160
Figure 4.52. Rooftop Framing Plan (Slab)
Table 4.27. Schedule of Roof Slab Beam
LENGTH WIDTH HEIGHT RSB&NO.OF RSB&NO.OF
(L) (b) (h) BARS@SUPPORT BARS@MIDSPAN
10ømm -1@50mm, 5@160mm,
3RB-1 3000mm 280mm 480mm 4pcs-22ømm 2pcs-22ømm
REST@200mm
4pcs-32ømm
10ømm -1@50, 10@180mm,
3RB-3 6000mm 280mm 480mm @top 4pcs-25ømm
REST@200mm
2pcs-16ømm
@bottom
Table 4.28. Schedule of Roof Slab

TYPE SPACING
MARK OF RSB SPACING @ SPACING @ SPACING @
Length Width Height @
SLABS COLUMN MIDDLE COLUMN
(Lb) (L) (t) MIDDLE
STRIP STRIP STRIP
STRIP
161
Figure 4.53. Detailed Design of Beam (RB-1)
162
Figure 4.54. Detailed Design of Slab (S-1)
163
Figure 4.55. Detailed Design
of Column (C-1)
Figure 4.56. Elevation of Column-Footing

(F1-C1, C3, C5)
164
Figure 4.57. Typical Raft Footing
165
Figure 4.58. Raft Footing Detailed Section
166
167
Project Cost and Estimate

The technique used in estimating the total cost of
the project is based on the systems and practices used by
B. Fajardo, 2000.
Table 4.29 shows the bill of materials and estimates
of the three-storey multi-purpose building.
Table 4.29. Bill of Materials and Estimates

I-EARTHWORKS
Unit
Quantity Units Description Total Cost
Price
cu.
2268 Backfill 285 ₱646,380.00
m.
cu.
1080 Excavation 390 ₱421,200.00
m.
cu.
21.6 Gravel Bedding 1050 ₱22,680.00
m.
Labor ₱436,104.00
Contingency ₱152,636.40
SUBTOTAL ₱1,679,000.40
II-CONCRETE & STEEL WORKS

Unit
Price
993 cu m. Sand 900 ₱893,561.49
3864 cu m. Gravel 1050 ₱4,056,763.62

Portland
17386 bags 225 ₱3,911,879.21
Cement
16542 kg 10mm Ø Bar 55 ₱909,789.53
24433 kg 12mm Ø Bar 55 ₱1,343,799.60
12500 kg 16mm Ø Bar 55 ₱687,522.00
1243 kg 20mm Ø Bar 55 ₱68,376.00
67903 kg 25mm Ø Bar 55 ₱3,734,689.20
38280 kg 28mm Ø Bar 55 ₱2,105,400.00
30760 kg 30mm Ø Bar 55 ₱1,691,797.80

168
20468 kg 32mm Ø Bar 55 ₱1,125,730.47
2723 kg #16 G.I. Wires 60 ₱163,352.00
Labor ₱8,277,064.36
Contingency ₱2,896,972.53
SUBTOTAL ₱31,866,697.80
III-MASONRY WORKS
Unit
Price
16996 pcs #4 C.H.B. 14 ₱237,938.61
19225 pcs #6 C.H.B. 20 ₱384,503.20
Portland
6508 bags Cement 225 ₱1,464,333.49
cu.
231 m. Sand 900 ₱207,594.79
19574 kg 16mm Ø Bar 55 ₱1,076,596.37
Labor ₱917,748.03
SUBTOTAL ₱4,717,585.94
IV-FORMWORKS
Unit
Price
339 sheets 4' x 8' Plywood 381 ₱129,159.00
2" x 3" x 8'
2445 kg Lumber 130 ₱317,850.00
43.4 kg #2 1/2 CWNails 140 ₱6,076.00
#1 Finishing
32.4 kg Nails 158 ₱5,119.20
Labor ₱183,281.68
SUBTOTAL ₱705,634.47
169
V-DOORS AND WINDOWS

Unit
Price
Aluminum
2 Double Door 25,666.20 ₱51,332.40
Aluminum
16 Single Door 24,700.00 ₱395,200.00
Aluminum
3 Sliding Door 21,388.50 ₱64,165.50
Flush Hollow
47 Core Door 1,461.60 ₱68,695.20
Aluminum
5 Railing Door 3,120.00 ₱15,600.00
10 PVC Door 3,200.00 ₱32,000.00
Wooden HDF
14 Double Door 18,061.60 ₱252,862.40
1 Roof Hatch 8,076.00 ₱8,076.00
Sliding W/
9 Fixed Window 13020 ₱117,180.00
Sliding W/
10 Fixed Window 8970 ₱89,700.00
Sliding W/
16 Fixed Window 4485 ₱71,760.00
Sliding W/
19 Fixed Window 8220 ₱156,180.00
Sliding
12 Window 6900 ₱82,800.00
Sliding
16 Window 3450 ₱55,200.00
Awning Steel
30 Type Window 2208 ₱66,240.00
Awning Steel
15 Type Window 1555.2 ₱23,328.00
Awning Steel
9 Type Window 691.2 ₱6,220.80
Labor ₱622,616.12
SUBTOTAL ₱2,397,072.06
VI-PAINTING WORKS
Unit
Price
617.5924 gal. Acrylic 1000 ₱617,592.40
ConcreteSealer
502.3715 gal. Acrylic Latex 1000 ₱502,371.55
Paint
447.9856 gal. Neutralizer 1000 ₱447,985.58
Labor ₱627,179.81
170
SUBTOTAL ₱2,414,642.27
VII-SCAFFOLDINGS
Unit
Price
2" x 3" x 8'
8480 pcs Lumber 130 ₱1,102,400.00
263 kg #4 CWNails 130 ₱34,190.00
Labor 454636
SUBTOTAL ₱1,591,226.00
VIII-TILE WORKS
Unit
Price
196.044 bags Cement Mortar 225 ₱44,109.89
1139.791 kg. White Cement 85 ₱96,882.19
6x6 Ceramic
5609.608 pcs. Tile 150 ₱841,441.25
3x3 Ceramic
3012.467 pcs. Tile 35 ₱105,436.33
Labor ₱435,147.87
SUBTOTAL ₱1,675,319.29
IX-CEILING
Unit
Price
728.9987 Cement Board 500 ₱364,499.33
150.0667 Wall Angle 50 ₱7,503.33
2223.2 Metal Furring 120 ₱266,784.00
Carrying
239.1 Channel 115 ₱27,496.50
Labor ₱266,513.27
SUBTOTAL ₱1,026,076.08
X GENERAL
Lumpsum ₱220,000.00
REQUIREMENTS
XI MOBILIZATION Lumpsum ₱16,500.00
XII STEEL MATTING Lumpsum ₱550,000.00
XIII ELECTRICAL Lumpsum ₱550,000.00
XIV PLUMBING Lumpsum ₱550,000.00
XV DEMOBILIZATION Lumpsum ₱16,500.00
XVI PROJECT
Lumpsum ₱550,000.00
CLOSEOUT
SUBTOTAL ₱2,453,000.00
171
TOTAL OVERALL COST ₱50,526,254.31

Table 4.30 shows the total cost of the project is
Php. 50,526,254.31pesos. This amount includes the 40%
labor cost.
Table 4.30.Summary of Project Cost and Estimate

Item Description Sub Total (Php.)
A - MOBILIZATION ₱16,500.00
B - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ₱220,000.00
C - EARTHWORKS ₱1,679,000.40
D - FOOTING ₱ 13,888,716.07
E - STEEL WORKS, CONCRETE, FORMWORKS,
& SCAFFOLDING ₱20,274,842.20
F – MASONRY WORK ₱4,717,585.94
G – ELECRICAL AND PLUMBING ₱1,100,000.00
H – STEEL MATTING ₱550,000.00
I – TILE WORK ₱1,675,319.29
J – DOORS AND WINDOWS ₱2,397,072.06
K - CEILING ₱1,026,076.08
L – PAINTING WORKS ₱2,414,642.27
M - DEMOLIZATION ₱566,500.00
TOTAL PROJECT COST ₱50,526,254.31
Program of Works/PERT-CPM
The duration of the activity was computed using the
PERT/CPM Method. The PERT method was used to apply an
arrow network diagram to show the coherent categorization
of activities in a project. This includes the network
diagram and the S-Curve of the project.
Duration of the Project
The figures that follow show the duration and the S-
Curve of the project. Figure 4.59 is a representation of

172
activities in the construction of a three-storey Multi-
Purpose Building in a network diagram. Also, it shows
activities that lie in the critical path, A-B-C-D-D-F-I-
K-L-M, with a total project duration of 40 working weeks.
In Figure 4.31, the quarterly material cost of the
project is determined with the help of the S-curve. (See
the larger figure attached)
Figure 4.59. Network Diagram

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
100
90
80 A B C D F J K L M
70
60
50 E G
40
30
20 S H
10
0 0 7.57% 27.48% 54.85% 77.33% 88.10% 93.46% 97.23%
7.57% 19.91% 27.37% 22.49% 10.77% 5.35% 3.77% 2.77%
7.57% 27.48% 54.85% 77.33% 88.10% 93.46% 97.23% 100.00%
Figure 4.60. S-Curve
173
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
Generally, this study aims to design a Proposed Three-
Storey Multi-Purpose Building at Brgy. Bolo, Roxas City.
Specifically, this study aims to (1) Collect data through site
analysis for the Proposed Three-Storey Multi-Purpose Building;
(2) Prepare working plans; (3) Design the structure: (a)
structural load analysis; (b) structural design analysis; (4)
Determine the estimated total cost of the project (5) Prepare
the program of works and PERT-CPM of the project.
This study focused on the analysis of loads to be applied
to the structure as well as the design of reinforced concrete
beams, slabs, stairs, wall footing, ramps, columns, and
footing. The estimated total costs of the project were also
included in this study to determine the total cost and duration
of the project.
The preparation of the building plans, which was
originally started by the researchers, will be completed by
means of their imagination, knowledge, and ideas based on the
Building Plan Specifications and Standards by using AutoCAD
2020.
The structural load analysis used in this project in order
to determine the loads that the structure can resist through
174
175
time was the portal method and moment distribution method. The
Structural Design analyses used in this project were to design
two–way slabs, singly reinforced beams, eccentrically loaded
columns, and foundations that the structure could withstand
through the ages.
The proposed building will require 466 pieces of beams.
In designing the beams it was computed that the beam dimension
was 280mmx 480mm.The reinforcements used was found out to be 2
to 3pieces, 2 to 4 pieces, 2 to 3 pieces & 2 to 4 pieces of
16mm, 20mm, 25mm, 32 diameter of reinforced steel bars
respectively and stirrups is 10 mm spaced from the critical
section of the beam (See Table 4.17, 4.19, 4.22 Schedule of
Beams).
Concrete slabs were designed into a two-way slab system
that resulted in a uniform thickness of 180 mm with a 12 mm
diameter that varied in spacing at the continuous edge,
midspan, and discontinuous edges of the concrete slab (See
Table 4.18, 4.21, 4.24, 4.25 Schedule of Slabs).
There were 250 pieces of columns to be constructed in
the proposed building. These columns were designed to resist
the loads applied to the structure. For the design of square-
tied columns, which are 0.41m x 0.41m in dimensions. Reinforced
steel bars to be used will be 8 pieces of 20 mm in diameter and
6 to 8 pieces of 28 mm in diameter. Lateral ties to be used

176
were designed to be 10 mm in diameter and must be spaced at 320
mm vertically (See Table 4.20, 4.23 Schedule of Columns).
The proposed building requires one piece of mat footing.
Footing dimensions were designed, which are 1080 m2 x 0.60m
with reinforcement main bars of 32mm diameter and spaced 200mm
and 150mm of bars at short and long directions, respectively.
For stairs, the design for the thread of the stairs was
0.25 m, the rise of the stairs was 0.18 m, the covering of
steel from the outermost fiber of concrete was 25 mm, and the
result was 16mm and 10mm for the main bars and temperature
bars, respectively. (See Table 4.28 & Table 4.29 Schedule of
Stair).
The site location of the proposed project is at Brgy.
Bolo, Roxas City, Capiz, the site is specified as Clay-Adobe.
The unit weight of soil is 22.22 Kilo-Newton per cubic meter
(KN/ ), angle of internal friction is , @ rest pressure
coefficient is 0.40at 1.80 meter depth. The duration of the
project is 280 days with a total construction cost of
50,526,254.31pesos. This is due to the project’s bill of
materials with 40% labor cost of every construction activities.

177
Conclusions
The proposed study of Three Storey Multi-Purpose Building
at Brgy. Bolo, Roxas City, Capiz was originally proposed study
of the researchers. Based on the result of the study, the
researchers concluded the following: (1) the working plans of
the proposed project were made and completed based on the
Building Plan Specifications and Standards by using AutoCAD
2020 for 2D modeling and Sketch Up 2022 for 3D modeling; (2)
the analysis of the structure was based on the structural
analysis by Asslam Kassimali for the procedure of analysis of
lateral load& vertical load;(3) the design of the structural
member of Three-Storey Multi-purpose Building considered the
Design of Reinforced Concrete by Jack C. McCormac and Russell
H.Brown and Structural Steel Design by Jack C. McCormac and
Stephen F. Csernak. For reinforced concrete, the designed
procedure was very useful for designing the dimension and
reinforcement of beams, columns, slabs, stairways, mat footings
and columns. (4) the researchers had estimated the total
project cost of 50,526,254.31pesos. The estimate of the
proposed building was based on the Simplified Construction
Estimate by Max B. Fajardo Jr., (5) For the preparation of
program of work, it was based through the material bill of
estimated cost that serve for their accommodated working price
for particular area of work and the distribution of flow for
the works would made the network diagram for distinguished the
178
critical path of the work that would not be delayed. The
researchers concluded that the structure would be completed
after 280 working days.
Recommendations
Based on the result of the analysis, design, and estimates
of the proposed project, the researchers arrived at the
following recommendations:
1. For the supplementary study, future researchers must provide
plumbing design for sanitation as well as electrical design
for the safety of the occupants of the multi-purpose
building.
2. For future researchers who will adopt this study as one of
their references, the researchers recommend adding a
computation of earthquake load analysis to the design of the
structure.
3. For the LGU of Roxas City, the researchers recommend that
this Proposed Three-Storey Multi-Purpose Building at Brgy.
Bolo and Roxas City must be implemented to provide safe
emergency shelter before or during a disaster, to provide
social services to the communities, and as venues for various
activities such as medical and dental missions, seminars,
mass vaccination sites, sports, and other social activities.

179
4. For Future Evacuees, we may recommend that the rooms be
divided with movable partitions that slide or fold into
pockets in the walls to provide privacy and comfort.
5. For Future Students and Trainees, the lecture-style rooms may
also be equipped with partitions to create smaller venues.
They may also provide learning and engagement tools to enable
students to absorb course content, and practice new skills in
a clear and enjoyable manner.
6. For Future Medical Practitioners, the space must be
organized, and maintained to allow for privacy and facilitate
the provision of quality services. Facilities must also have
adequate stocks of medicines, supplies, and equipment.

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Bobadilla, R. M. (2019, October 2). Design and
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APPENDICES
186
187
APPENDIX A
Gantt Chart
This table includes the activities and duration done
by the researchers in conducting the entire study.
Months
Activities 2022 2023
Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June
Collection
of
materials,
library
research,
and online
research
Oral defense
of title and
objectives
Gathering of
data
Start of
structural
analysis and
design
computations
Pre-oral
defense
Final
Packaging
Final oral
defense
Finalization
of the study
188
APPENDIX B
Project Description
A proposed three storey multi-purpose building is
located Barangay Bolo, Roxas City, Capiz with an area of
1080 square meters. The building is structurally comprises
of 466 pieces of beams, 250 pieces of tied columns, 1 piece
of mat footings and a stair that are made of reinforced
concrete. The three storey multi-purpose building can
accommodate more or less 1000 persons. The three storey
multi-purpose building is plastered in both sides of its
CHB walls and is painted with distinguished colors to
emphasize its appearance, and it uses stone concrete and
flat tile as its floor material and is used in every floor
levels of the building including its ramp. The building has
a space provided for a 3m X 3m elevator and a 6m x 6m
comfort room with 5 pieces of 4.3m x 1.2m size of sliding
glass aluminium window located at every floor of the
building.
The preparation of the building plans was started
originally by the researchers to be completed by means of
knowledge and ideas of researchers based on the Building
Plan Specifications and Standards by using AutoCAD 2020.
190
APPENDIX C
Working Plans
PERSPECTIVE
NOT TO SCALE 189
SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
NOT TO SCALE `
190
191
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
192
SECOND FLOOR PLAN 193
THIRD FLOOR PLAN
194
ROOFTOP FLOOR PLAN
195
FRONT ELEVATION
196
REAR ELEVATION
197
LEFT SIDE ELEVATION
198
RIGHT SIDE ELEVATION
199
FOUNDATION PLAN
200
FIRST FLOOR FRAMING PLAN
201
202
SECOND FLOOR FRAMING PLAN (SLAB)
SECOND FLOOR FRAMING PLAN (BEAM)
203
THIRD FLOOR FRAMING PLAN (BEAM)
204
THIRD FLOOR FRAMING PLAN (SLAB)
205
ROOF SLAB FRAMING PLAN (BEAM)
206
ROOF SLAB FRAMING PLAN (SLAB)
DETAIL OF BEAM (RB-1)
207
DETAIL OF SLAB (S-1)
208
DETAILED DESIGN OF COLUMN (C-1)
ELEVATION OF COLUMN-FOOTING(F1-C1,C3,C5)
209
TYPCAL RAFT FOOTING
210
RAFT FOOTING DETAILED SECTION
211
DETAIL OF STAIR
212
213
214
10mmꬾ HORIZONTAL
BARS
SPACED @ 230 MM O.C
16mmꬾ VERTICAL
ELEVATION OF STAIR BARS
SPACED @ 210 MM
O.C
16mmꬾ VERTICAL BARS

SPACED @ 210 MM O.C
10mmꬾ HORIZONTAL BARS

SPACED @ 230 MM O.C
PLAN OF STAIR
215
216
217
218
219
220
APPENDIX D
Structural Load Analysis
The structural codes used in the design of
three-storey Parking building for Capiz State University
stakeholders conformed to the National Structural Code of
the Philippines (NSCP) 2015 Volume 1 (Buildings and other
Vertical Structures) and to the American Concrete
Institute (ACI) Code for Buildings. Minimum design loads
are considered based from the NSCP 2015.
Computation for wind load:
A. FOR WALL
Computation:
ZB= 4+3+3=10m
221
222
From Figure 207A.5-1C, Basic Wind speed for Occupancy
Category I Buildings and Other Structures.
V=260kph or 72.22 m/s
From table 207A.9-1, Terrain Exposure Constants
Exposure category: Exposure B (wooden Areas)
From table 207A.6-1 Wind Directionality Factor.
Kd= 0.85(main wind force resisting system)
From Section 207A.8.2, Topographic Factor.
Kzt=1.0(site condition & locations do not meet all the
condition)
Occupancy category: Category I (for standard occupancy)
Equation velocity pressure exposure coefficient
For
Velocity pressure:
From section 207C.4.1
P=qh(GCpf-GCpi)
From section 207A.9.1, Gust effect factor.
G=0.85
223
From figure 207B.4-1 (external pressure coefficient, Cp on
walls, partially enclosed building for all heights Main
Wind Force Resisting System).
Windward wall (Cp) = 0.80 Leeward Wall (Cp) =-0.03
From Table 207A.11-1 internal pressure coefficient for
partially enclosed buildings.
GCpi= +0.55 and -0.55
Wind Pressure:
For windward and leeward ZB:
Note: Negative sign signify pressure away from the
surface.
Based on section 207B.4.7, the wind load to be used in
the design of MWFRS for an enclosed or partially enclosed
building shall not be less than 0.77kpa multiplied by the
wall area of the building.
.: Used 3.35kpa the design wind load on frame 1 to 16.

224
Analysis of Lateral Loads – Portal Method
At Frame 1
a a
b b
c c
Tributary Wall Area for Frame-1
COMPUTATION:
Wind Load Design = 3.35 KPa
Tributary Area:
A1= (3/2) (3/2) = 3m2
A2= (3/2) (3) = 4.5m2
A3= (3/2) ((3/2) + (4/2)) = 5.25m2
P1= (3.35KPa) (3m2) = 10.05KN
P2= (3.35KPa) (4.5m2) = 15.08KN

225
P3= (3.35KPa) (5.25m2) = 17.59KN
Section a-
a
S1 2S1 2S1 2S1 2S1 S1
2S1 2S1
[Fh=0]
10.05-14S1=0 S1=0.7179KN
Section b-
2S1 2S1
b
S1 2S1 2S1 2S1 2S1 2S1 2S1 S1
[FH=0]
10.05+15.08-14S2=0 S2=1.795KN
Section c-c
S1 2S1 2S1 2S1 2S1 2S1 2S1 S1

226
[FH=0]
10.05+15.08+17.59-14S3=0 S3=3.05KN
Isolated Frame Used Analysis Of Portal Method:
227
228
The Wind Load Design of 3.35Kpa, acting on one of the
member of the structure its result are tabulated in summary
of table for frame-1 the member of frame that resist the
biggest load and moment distribute are the member of beam
FG, GH, HI and IJ, also in the column member the load that
resist the great capacity are members GB, HC, and ID.
Analysis of Vertical Loads
At Frame 1
Computation:
For Roof Slab:
Dead loads
a. Stone concrete = 0.023KPa
b. electrical & mechanical= 0.20KPa
duct allowance
c. solid flat tile = 1.1KPa
1.243KPa
Live Loads
229
a. Roof Slab(theater,
assembly areas and auditorium) = 7.2KPa
Other Loads
Weight of the slab=(23.54KN/m3)(0.18m)=4.24KN/m2
Weight of the beam=(23.54KN/m3)(0.28m)(0.48m)= 3.16KN/m
For 2nd Floor & 3rd Floor

Dead loads:
a. Stone concrete = 0.023KPa
b. electrical & mechanical= 0.20KPa
duct allowance
c. solid flat tile = 1.1KPa
1.343KPa
Live Loads:
A. Roof Slab(theater,
assembly areas and auditorium) = 7.2KPa
Other loads:
Weight of the wall=(21.2KN/m3)(0.15m)(3m)= 9.54KN/m
Weight of the slab=(23.54KN/m3)(0.18m)=4.24KN/m2
Weight of the beam=(23.54KN/m3)(0.28m)(0.48m)= 3.16KN/m
A. For W1:
Dead loads = 4.24KN/m2+ 1.243KN/m2= 5.48KN/m2
DL= (5.48KN/m2)(3/2 m)+ 3.16KN/m
DL= 11.38 KN/m
Live load = 7.2KPa
LL= (7.2KPa) (3/2) m
LL= 10.8 KN/m
W1= 1.2DL + 1.6LL
W1= 1.2(11.38) + 1.6(10.8)
W1= 31KN/m
230
B. For W2:
Dead loads = 4.24KN/m2 + 1.243KN/m2 = 5.48 KN/m2
DL= (5.48KN/m2) (3/2 m)= 8.22 KN/m
DL= (8.22) + (9.54) + (3.16)
DL= 20.92 KN/m
Live load = 7.2KPa
LL= (7.2KPa) (3/2) m
LL= 10.8 KN/m
W2= 1.2DL + 1.6LL
W2= 1.2(20.92) + 1.6(10.8)
W2= 42.38 KN/m
By moment distribution method:
FEM= WL2/12
JOINT MEMBER D.F. FEM

Y YZ 0 23.3
Z ZY 0.5 -23.3
ZA’ 0.5 23.3
A’ A’Z 0.4 -23.3
A’B’ 0.6 10.36
B’ B’A’ 0.6 -10.36
B’C’ 0.4 23.3
C’ C’B’ 0.5 -23.3
C’D’ 0.5 23.3
D’ D’C’ 0.4 -23.3
D’E’ 0.6 10.36
E’ E’D’ 0.6 -10.36
E’F’ 0.4 23.3
F’ F’E’ 0 -23.3
K = I/L
ƩK = K1+K2
DF= K / ƩK
231
MEMBER K ƩK DF
YZ I/3 I/3+∞ 0
ZY I/3 0.5
2I/3
ZA' I/3 0.5
A'Z I/3 0.4
5I/6
A'B' I/2 0.6
B'A' I/2 0.6
5I/6
B'C' I/3 0.4
C'B' I/3 0.5
2I/3
C'D' I/3 0.5
D'C' I/3 0.4
5I/6
D'E' I/2 0.6
E'D' I/2 0.6
5I/6
E'F' I/3 0.4
F'E' I/3 I/3+∞ 0
Moment Distribution of frame bay 1:
JOINT A B C D E F G H
MEMBER AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED EF FD FG GF GH HG
D.F. 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.00
FEM 23.30 -23.30 23.30 -23.30 10.36 -10.36 23.30 -23.30 23.30 -23.30 10.36 -10.36 23.30 -23.30
0.00 0.00 5.18 7.76 -7.76 -5.18 0.00 0.00 5.18 7.76 -7.76 -5.18
0.00 0.00 2.59 0.00 -3.88 3.88 0.00 -2.59 2.59 0.00 -3.88 3.88 0.00 -2.59
-1.29 -1.29 1.55 2.33 -2.33 -1.55 0.00 0.00 1.55 2.33 -2.33 -1.55
-0.65 0.00 0.78 -0.65 -1.16 1.16 0.00 -0.78 0.78 0.00 -1.16 1.16 0.00 -0.78
-0.39 -0.39 0.72 1.09 -0.70 -0.47 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.70 -0.70 -0.47
-0.19 0.00 0.36 -0.19 -0.35 0.54 0.00 -0.23 0.23 0.00 -0.35 0.35 0.00 -0.23
-0.18 -0.18 0.22 0.33 -0.33 -0.22 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.21 -0.21 -0.14
-0.09 0.00 0.11 -0.09 -0.16 0.16 0.00 -0.11 0.07 0.00 -0.10 0.10 0.00 -0.07
-0.05 -0.05 0.10 0.15 -0.10 -0.07 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06 -0.06 -0.04
-0.03 0.00 0.05 -0.03 -0.05 0.08 0.01 -0.03 0.02 0.01 -0.03 0.03 0.00 -0.02
-0.03 -0.03 0.03 0.05 -0.05 -0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.02 -0.01
-0.01 0.00 0.02 -0.01 -0.03 0.02 0.00 -0.02 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.00 -0.01
-0.01 -0.01 0.02 0.02 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SUM 22.33 -25.25 25.25 -16.45 16.45 -15.79 15.79 -27.02 27.02 -15.90 15.90 -15.91 15.91 -26.99
232
233
A. Beam
For member YZ W1
Y Z
3.0
My= 22.33KN.m
Mz= -25.25KN.m
ƩMz= 0 clockwise positive
3Ry= 22.33 + 31.07(3)(1.5) – 25.25
Ry= 45.62KN
Rz= 47.57KN
Midspan moment=45.62(1.47)(0.50)-
22.33
Midspan moment= 11.17KN.m
For member ZA’ W1

Z A’
MZ= 25.25KN.m 3.0
MA’= -16.45KN.m
ƩMA’= 0 clockwise positive
3RZ= 25.35 + 31.07(3)(1.5) –
16.45
RZ= 49.53KN
RA’= 43.66KN
Midspan moment= 49.53(1.59)(0.5)-
25.25
234
= 14.23KN.m
For member A’B’
MA’= 16.45KN.m
MB’= -15.79KN.m
ƩMB’= 0 clockwise positive
3RA’= 16.45 + 31.07(2)(1) – 15.79
RA’= 31.40KN
RB’= 30.73KN
Midspan moment= 31.40(1.01)(0.50)-16.45
= -0.59KN.m
For member B’C’
MB’= 15.79KN.m
MC’= -27.02KN.m
ƩMC’= 0 clockwise positive
3RB’= 15.79 + 31.07(3)(1.5) – 27.02
RB’= 46.60KN
RC’= 50.34KN
Midspan moment= 46.60(1.44)(0.50)-15.79
= 17.81KN.m
For member C’D’
MC’= 27.02KN.m
MD’= -15.90KN.m
ƩMD’= 0 clockwise positive
3RC’= 27.02 + 310.7(3)(1.5) – 15.90

235
RC’= 50.30KN
RD’= 42.89KN
Midspan moment= 50.30(1.63)(0.50)-27.02
= 13.71KN.m
For member D’E’
MD’= 15.90KN.m
ME’= -15.91KN.m
ƩME’= 0 clockwise positive
3RD’= 15.90 + 31.07(2)(1.0) – 15.91
RD’= 31.07KN
RE’= 31.07KN
Midspan moment= 31.07(1.0)(0.50)-15.90
= -0.37KN.m
For member E’F’
ME’= 15.91KN.m
MF’= -26.99KN.m
ƩMF’= 0 clockwise positive
3RE’= 15.91 + 31.07(3)(1.5) – 26.99
RE’= 42.90KN
RF’= 27.96KN
Midspan moment= 42.90(1.82)(0.50)-15.91
= 23.05KN.m
236
Frame bay 2 & 3:
FEM= WL2/12
JOINT MEMBER D.F. FEM

Q QR 0 31.79
R RQ 0.5 -31.79
RS 0.5 31.79
S SR 0.4 -31.79
ST 0.6 14.13
T TS 0.6 -14.13
TU 0.4 31.79
U UT 0.5 -31.79
UV 0.5 31.79
V VU 0.4 -31.79
VW 0.6 14.13
W WV 0.6 -14.13
WX 0.4 31.79
X XW 0 -31.79
K = I/L
ƩK = K1+K2
DF= K / ƩK
MEMBER K ƩK DF
YZ I/3 I/3+∞ 0
ZY I/3 0.5
2I/3
ZA' I/3 0.5
A'Z I/3 0.4
5I/6
A'B' I/2 0.6
B'A' I/2 0.6
5I/6
B'C' I/3 0.4
C'B' I/3 0.5
2I/3
C'D' I/3 0.5
D'C' I/3 0.4
5I/6
D'E' I/2 0.6
E'D' I/2 0.6
5I/6
E'F' I/3 0.4
F'E' I/3 I/3+∞ 0
Moment Distribution of frame bay 2 & 3:
JOINT Q R S T U V W X
MEMBER QR RQ RS SR ST' TS TU UT UV VU VW WV WX XW
D.F. 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.60 0.60 0.40 0.00
FEM 31.79 -31.79 31.79 -31.79 14.13 -14.13 31.79 -31.79 31.79 -31.79 14.13 -14.13 31.79 -31.79
0.00 0.00 4.42 13.25 -13.25 -4.42 0.00 0.00 4.42 13.25 -13.25 -4.42
0.00 0.00 2.21 0.00 -6.62 6.62 0.00 -2.21 2.21 0.00 -6.62 6.62 0.00 -2.21
-1.10 -1.10 1.66 4.97 -4.97 -1.66 0.00 0.00 1.66 4.97 -4.97 -1.66
-0.55 0.00 0.83 -0.55 -2.48 2.48 0.00 -0.83 0.83 0.00 -2.48 2.48 0.00 -0.83
-0.41 -0.41 0.76 2.28 -1.86 -0.62 0.00 0.00 0.62 1.86 -1.86 -0.62
-0.21 0.00 0.38 -0.21 -0.93 1.14 0.00 -0.31 0.31 0.00 -0.93 0.93 0.00 -0.31
-0.19 -0.19 0.28 0.85 -0.85 -0.28 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.70 -0.70 -0.23
-0.09 0.00 0.14 -0.09 -0.43 0.43 0.00 -0.14 0.12 0.00 -0.35 0.35 0.00 -0.12
-0.07 -0.07 0.13 0.39 -0.32 -0.11 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.26 -0.26 -0.09
-0.04 0.00 0.07 -0.04 -0.16 0.20 0.01 -0.05 0.04 0.01 -0.13 0.13 0.00 -0.04
SUM -0.03 -0.03 0.05 0.15 -0.15 -0.05 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.09 -0.10 -0.03
30.88 -33.61 33.61 -25.38 25.38 -24.65 24.65 -35.33 35.33 -24.73 24.73 -24.73 24.73 -35.31
237
238
A. Beam
For member QR W1
Q R
3.0
MQ= 30.88KN.m
MR= -33.61KN.m
ƩMR= 0 clockwise positive
3RQ= 30.88 + 42.38(3)(1.5) – 33.61
RQ= 62.66KN
RR= 64.48KN
Midspan moment=62.66(1.48)(0.50)-
30.88
Midspan moment= 15.44KN.m
For member RS W1
R S
MR= 33.61KN.m 3.0
MS= -25.38KN.m
ƩMS= 0 clockwise positive
3RR= 33.61 + 42.38(3)(1.5) –
25.38
RR= 66.31KN
RS= 60.83KN
Midspan moment= 66.31(1.56)(0.5)-
33.61
= 18.27KN.m
239
For member ST
MS= 25.38KN.m
MT= -24.65KN.m
ƩMT= 0 clockwise positive
3RS= 25.38 + 42.38(2)(1) – 24.65
RS= 42.75KN
RT= 42.01KN
Midspan moment= 42.75(1.01)(0.50)-25.38
= -3.82KN.m
For member TU
MT= 24.65KN.m
MU= -35.33KN.m
ƩMU= 0 clockwise positive
3RT= 24.65 + 42.38(3)(1.5) – 35.33
RT= 63.57KN
RU= 67.13KN
Midspan moment= 63.57(1.46)(0.50)-24.65
= 21.73KN.m
For member UV
MU= 35.33KN.m
MV= -24.73KN.m
ƩMV= 0 clockwise positive
3RU= 35.33 + 42.38(3)(1.5) – 24.73
RU= 67.11KN
240
RV= 60.03KN
Midspan moment= 67.11(1.63)(0.50)-35.33
= 17.79KN.m
For member VW
MV= 24.73KN.m
MW= -24.73KN.m
ƩMW= 0 clockwise positive
3RV= 24.73 + 31.07(2)(1.0) – 24.73
RV= 42.38KN
RW= 42.38KN
Midspan moment= 42.38(1.0)(0.50)-24.73
= -3.54KN.m
For member WX
MW= 24.73KN.m
MX= -35.31KN.m
ƩMX= 0 clockwise positive
3RW= 24.73 + 42.38(3)(1.5) – 35.31
RW= 60.04KN
RX= 38.14KN
Midspan moment= 60.04(1.83)(0.50)-24.73
= 30.34KN.m
B. Column
241
For member YQ
Moment= 22.33KN.m
Shear=0
Axial= 45.62 KN
For member QI
Moment= 30.88 + 22.33= 53.21 KN.m
Shear=0
Axial= 45.62 + 62.66 = 108.28 KN
For member IA
Moment= 30.88 + 53.21= 84.01 KN.m
Shear=0
Axial= 108.28 + 62.66 = 170.94 KN
Load Transfer for Column
For member QY(F-1)& KP(F-10)
Moment=moment (PK DUE TO WIND LOAD) +Moment (MI DUE TO WIND LOAD)+
moment (PK DUE TO DL+LL) +Moment (MI DUE TO DL+LL)
= (0.76) + (0.67) +(22.33) + (30.88)
Moment= 54.64 KN.M
Shear=Shear (PK DUE TO WIND LOAD) +Shear (MI DUE TO WIND LOAD)+
Shear (PK DUE TO DL+LL) +Shear (MI DUE TO DL+LL)
=0.51+0.44+0+0
Shear= 0.91 KN
Axial=Axial (PK DUE TO WIND LOAD) +Axial (MI DUE TO WIND LOAD)+
242
Axial (PK DUE TO DL+LL) +Axial (MI DUE TO DL+LL)
= (0.51) + (0.22) + (45.62) + (62.66)
Axial=109.01 KN
APPENDIX E
Structural Design Analysis
The design of structural member of A Proposed Three Storey
Multi-purpose Building for Roxas City, Capiz is based on the
Concrete Reinforced Design and Steel Design.
Design of Slabs
For Roof Slab
a. Slab – 1
L2/L1 = 3 m/6 m = 0.50 ≤ 0.50 (two-way slab)
t = L/180 = [(3 + 6)(2)(1000)]/180 = 100 mm
b. Slab – 2
c. L2/L1 = 3 m/6 m = 0.50 ≤ 0.50 (two-way slab)
t = L/180 = [(3 + 6)(2)(1000)]/180 = 100 mm
d. Slab – 3
L2/L1 = 2 m/3 m = 0.89 > 0.50 (two-way slab)
t = perimeter/180 = [(2 + 3)(2)(1000)]/180 = 55.56 mm
e. Slab – 4
L2/L1 = 3 m/5 m = 0.6 < 0.50 (two-way slab)
t = L/28(0.40+Fy/700) = 3000/28(0.40+350/700) = 96.43 mm
f. Slab – 5
L2/L1 = 2 m/ 5 m = 0.4 < 0.50 (one-way slab)
t = L/28(0.40+Fy/700) = [5000/28(0.40+276/700) = 141.84 mm
g. Slab – 6
L2/L1 = 2 m/6 m = 0.33 < 0.50 (one-way slab)
243
244
t = L/28(0.40+Fy/700) = 6000/28(0.40+276/700) = 170.20 mm
For 2nd& 3rd Floor Slab
h. Slab – 1
L2/L1 = 3 m/6 m = 0.50 ≤ 0.50 (two-way slab)
t = L/180 = [(3 + 6)(2)(1000)]/180 = 100 mm
i. Slab – 2
j. L2/L1 = 3 m/6 m = 0.50 ≤ 0.50 (two-way slab)
t = L/180 = [(3 + 6)(2)(1000)]/180 = 100 mm
k. Slab – 3
L2/L1 = 2 m/3 m = 0.89 > 0.50 (two-way slab)
t = perimeter/180 = [(2 + 3)(2)(1000)]/180 = 55.56 mm
l. Slab – 4
L2/L1 = 3 m/5 m = 0.6 < 0.50 (two-way slab)
t = L/28(0.40+Fy/700) = 3000/28(0.40+350/700) = 96.43 mm
m. Slab – 5
L2/L1 = 2 m/ 5 m = 0.4 < 0.50 (one-way slab)
t = L/28(0.40+Fy/700) = [5000/28(0.40+276/700) = 141.84 mm
n. Slab – 6
L2/L1 = 2 m/6 m = 0.33 < 0.50 (one-way slab)
t = L/28(0.40+Fy/700) = 6000/28(0.40+276/700) = 170.20 mm
.̇
. Adopt 170.20 mm say 180 mm thickness of slab
In the design of slabs, two-way behavior will be analyzed.
Using ACI Moment Coefficient Method, the design of some typical
slabs will make the design conservative and economical. The
slab-on-grade (first/ground floor slab) will not be shown here

245
since it carries only compressive stresses. The procedure used
is based on fundamentals of reinforced concrete design.
Design of Slabs (S1-RS)
Two-way Slab
DATA:
ALLOWABLE
ROOF SLAB DIMENSION(mm)
STRESS(Mpa)
Width Height
MARK Length(Lb) fc' fy
(Ls) (t)
S-2 6000mm 3000mm 180mm 20.7Mpa 276Mpa
Effective
Clear Cover Depth Dead Load Live Load
(mm)
RSB
25 155mm 5.5kpa 7.2kpa 12mm
COMPUTATION:
FOR BOTH END CONTINUOUS:
a. Coefficients for negative moments in slabs
ROOF SLABS(S-2)
W=1.2DL+1.6LL KPa 18.12
W=(CONSIDER 1m Strip)KN/m 18.12
RATIO: m=Ls/Lb 0.5
USED: m(ratio) 0.5
CASE: 4
Cs 0.094 cb 0.006
1. W=Total Uniform DL+LL

Maneg=CanegWuLs2 15.33
Mapos=CaposWuLs2 22.18
Along Short Direction:

2. Column Strip:
Mu= Maneg 15.33
Mu=fc'bd^2(2); w= 0.035
fc'/fy 0.0026
max=0.75b 0.027836
min=1.4/fy 0.005072
max>>min; used  0.005072
246
As=bd (mm2) 786.2319

Ad=(p/4)(d^2) (mm2) 113.0973
SPACING=Ad(1000)/As 142.8571
.ADOPT
.̇ SPACING @ COLUMN STRIP 140mm
3. Middle Strip:
Mu= Mapos 22.18
Mu=fc'bd^2(2); w=? 0.0511
fc'/fy 0.00383
max=0.75b 0.027836
min=1.4/fy 0.005072
max>>min; used  0.005072
As=bd (mm2) 786.2319
Ad=(/4)(d^2) (mm2) 113.0973
SPACING=Ad(1000)/As 142.8571
.̇
. ADOPT SPACING @ MIDDLE STRIP 140mm
W=Total Uniform DL+LL

Mbneg=CbnegWuLs2 3.91
Mbpos=CbposWuLs2 5.87
Along long Direction:

2.Column Strip:
Mu= Mbneg 3.91
Mu=fc'bd^2(-0.592); w 0.008781
=fc'/fy 0.000659
max=0.75b 0.027836
min=1.4/fy 0.005072
max>>min; used 0.005072
As=rbd (mm^2) 786.2319
Ad=(/4)(d2) (mm^2) 113.0973
SPACING=Ad(1000)/As 142.8571
.ADOPT
.̇ SPACING @ CUT BARS 140mm
3.Column Strip:
Mu= Mbpos 5.87
Mu=fc'bd^2(-0.592); w 0.013218
247
=fc'/fy 0.000991
max=0.75b 0.027836
min=1.4/fy 0.005072
max>>min; used 0.005072
As=rbd (mm^2) 786.2319
Ad=(/4)(d2) (mm^2) 113.0973
SPACING=Ad(1000)/As 142.8571
.ADOPT
.̇ SPACING @ MAIN BARS 140mm
Design of Slabs (S5-RS)
One-way slab
ALLOWABLE
ROOF SLAB DIMENSION(mm)
STRESS(Mpa)
Width Height
MARK Length(Lb) fc' fy
(Ls) (t)
S-2 5000mm 3000mm 180mm 20.7Mpa 276Mpa
Effective
Clear Cover Depth Dead Load Live Load
(mm)
RSB
25 155mm 5.5kpa 7.2kpa 12mm
COMPUTATION:
FOR BOTH END CONTINUOUS:
T = L/28(0.40+Fy/700) 141.84
USED: thickness of slabs(t) 180
W = 1.2DL + 1.6LL Kpa 18.12
W = (CONSIDER 1m Strip)KN/m 18.12
Mu =(WuL )/28
2 16.18
Mu = φfc'bd^2(ω-0.59ω ); w= 2 0.036955
ρ = ωfc'/fy 0.004742
ρmax = 0.75ρb 0.00277
ρmin = 1.4/fy 0.005072
ρmax>ρ>ρmin; used ρ 0.005072
As = ρbd (mm^2) 786.2319
Ad=(π/4)(d ) 2 (mm^2) 113.0973
SPACING = Ad(1000)/As 142.8571
.ADOPT SPACING @ MAIN BARS
.̇ 140mm
For Temperature Bars:

As = 0.0018bt 324
248
Ad = (π/4)(d ) (mm^2)
2 78.54
SPACING = Ad(1000)/As 242.41
.ADOPT SPACING @ TEMPERATURE BARS
.̇ 200mm
Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams
DATA:
f'c Effective
(Mpa) fy (Mpa) φ covering (mm)
28 400 0.9 40+dia./2
Mmax at support Mmax at midspan d
beam
(kN-m) (kN-m) b (mm) (mm)
B-1 185.06 93.24 280 429
B-2 178.62 97.7 280 429
CALCULATION:
3RB-1 3RB-1 3RB-1 3RB-1 3RB-1 3RB-1 3RB-1
2B-1 2B-1 2B-1 2B-1 2B-1 2B-1 2B-1
B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1
Figure for Frame-1
CALCULATION:
3RB-1
A. Reinforcement at the support
Mu=Mn(KN.m) 185.06
Mu = fc’bd2(-0.592); 0.15706
249
= fc'/fy 0.01099

max = 0.75b 0.0228
min= 1.4/fy 0.0035
max>>min; used  0.01099
As = bd (mm2) 1320.62
Ad =(/4)(d2) (mm2) 380.13
No. of Bars = As/Ad 3.474
.̇
.ADOPT NO. OF BARS. @ SUPPORT 4 pcs
B. Reinforcement at the midspan

Mu = Mn(KN.m) 93.24
Mu = fc’bd2 (-0.592); w= 0.07513
= fc'/fy 0.00526
max = 0.75b 0.0228
min= 1.4/fy 0.0035
max>>min; used  0.00526
As = bd (mm2) 631.83
Ad = (/4)(d2) (mm2) 380.13
No. of Bars = As/Ad 1.66
.̇
.ADOPT NO. OF BARS. @ MIDSPAN 2 pcs
C. Design of Stirrups:
Ru 351.51
Vc= bd (KN) 108.05

Vc (KN) 91.85
Vc/2 (KN) 45.92
Vu=Ru-Wud 256.23
Vu>Vc (KN) .̇
.NEED TO DESIGN STIRRUPS
Vs=Vu/-Vc 193.40
bd>Vs 423.74
>Smax
S=(Av fy d)/Vs 139 maximum
spacing
Vs< bd 211.87
.̇
.Smax=d/2 214.5
x1 1.11 x2 1.30
250
Vu 218.26 >Vc/2 Vu 173.84 >Vc/2

Vs 126.41 Vs 81.99
S 213 >214.5mm S 328 >214.5mm
CALCULATION:
3RB-2
A. Reinforcement at the support
Mu = Mn(KN.m) 178.62
Mu = fc’bd2(-0.592);= 0.15218
= fc'/fy 0.01065
max= 0.75b 0.0228
min= 1.4/fy 0.0035
max>>min; used  0.01065
As = bd (mm2) 1274.81
Ad = (/4)(d2) (mm2) 380.13
No. of Bars =As/Ad 3.35
.̇
.ADOPT NO. OF BARS. @ SUPPORT 4 pcs
B. Reinforcement at the midspan

Mu = Mn(KN.m) 97.7
Mu = fc’bd2(-0.592); = 0.07891
= fc'/fy 0.00552
max= 0.75b 0.0228
min= 1.4/fy 0.0035
max>>min; used  0.00552
As = bd (mm2) 663.06
Ad = (/4)(d2)(mm2) 380.13
No. of Bars=As/Ad 1.74
.̇
.ADPOT NO. OF BARS. @ MIDSPAN 2 pcs
C. Design of Stirrups:
Ru 176.64
Vc = bd (KN) 108.05
Vc (KN) 91.85
Vc/2 (KN) 45.82
Vu = Ru-Wud 162.57
Vu>Vc (KN) .̇
.NEED TO DESIGN STIRRUPS
Vs = Vu/-Vc 83.21
251
bd>Vs 423.74
S = (Av fy d)/Vs 323
maximum spacing
Vs< bd 211.38
.̇
.Smax=d/2 214.5
x1 1.44 x2 2.22
Vu 143.85 >Vc/2 Vu 120.90 >Vc/2
Vs 52.00 Vs 29.05
S 518 >214.5mm S 927 >214.5mm
Design of Columns (Square Tied Columns)
DATA FOR C1:

Mark Shear Axial Moment
C1 0.95 445.06 103.67
C3 3.87 1117.68 225.63
C5 10.04 1795.16 350.60
COVERING 60  0.65
fc'=28 MPa ASSUMED pg =0.02 Fy= 400 MPa
C-1 C-1 C-1 C-1 C-1 C-1 C-1 C-1
C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3
C-5 C-5 C-5 C-5 C-5 C-5 C-5 C-5
Figure for Frame 1

252
Computation:
For Column (C1)square tied column
Area required:
Pu
445.06
Ag=Pu/(0.80[0.85fc’(1-pg)+fypg] 26978.86
(h^2)=Ag
164.25
Note: consider the beam dimension 280mm

.:Adopt Dimension 330mm x 330mm
Computation:
For Column-1
RSB@ LONGITUDINAL 20
RSB@ LATERAL TIES 10
1.Longitudinal Bars
Mu=Mn 165.58
Pu=Pn 445.06
e(actual)=Mu/Pn 241.826
e/h 0.82221
e(allowable)=0.10h 0.033
Column having large eccentricity e(actual) >e(allowable)
Solving for reinforcements:
ρg 0.02
As=ρgh2 2178
Ad=(∏/4)(d2) 314.16
.:ADOPT NO. OF BARS 8pcs
2.Lateral Ties
253
a. 16 diameter of Bars 320

b. 48 diameter of Ties 480
c. Minimum Dimension 340
.:used least value of spacing
ADOPT SPACING OF BARS 320
Computation:
Area required:
Pu 1117.68
Ag=Pu/(0.80[0.85fc’(1-pg)+fypg]
110210.69
(h^2)=Ag
331.97996
1.Longitudinal Bars
Mu=Mn 225.63
Pu=Pn 1117.68
e/h 0.397

Ρg 0.02
As=ρgh2 2312
Ad=(∏/4)(d2) 314.16
2.Lateral Ties
254
Computation:
Area required:
Pu 1795.16
Ag=Pu/(0.80[0.85fc’(1-pg)+fypg] 68617.79
(h^2)=Ag
261.95
1.Longitudinal Bars
Mu=Mn 350.60
Pu=Pn 1795.16
e/h 0.37337

Ρg 0.02
As=ρgh2 2312
Ad=(∏/4)(d2) 314.16
2.Lateral Ties
Design of Mat Footing Subject to Axial Load
Data:
fc'=21Mpa k=0.378 Length = 57.00

fs=138Mpa j=0.874 Width = 21.00
v=1530kpa qa=250kpa
255
Q= ΣQ 105735.24 kN
x'= 28.5 m
y'= 10.5m
x̅= 25.60 m
ȳ= 9.45 m
ex= x'- 2.8990 m
ey= y'-ȳ 1.0499 m
A= 1080 m²
Ix= 42342 mm⁴
Iy= 35829 mm⁴
Mx= Qey 111014.1426 kN.m
My=Qex 306528.9553 kN.m
Pressure at any point:
fA= 358.08 kN/m²

fB= 308.27 kN/m²
fC= 306.75 kN/m²
fD= 256.94 kN/m²
fE= 255.42 kN/m²
fF= 205.60 kN/m²
fG= 204.09 kN/m²
fH= 154.27 kN/m²
fI= 186.98 kN/m²
fJ= 137.16 kN/m²
256
fK= 144.20 kN/m²

fL= 94.38 kN/m²
Design “d” in punching shear:
3000m
410mm
3000m
x410mm
Considering maximum axial load = 2753.94 kN
Bo= 4(d+0.41) = 2.04 + 4d
v= Pu/Bod
d= 0.50m
C= 0.10m
D= 0.60m
y
A C E G I
x x
L
B D F H J
y
257
average stress (q)= (qa + qb)/2
qAB= 333.17 kN/m²
qCD= 281.84 kN/m²
qEF= 230.51 kN/m²
qGH= 179.18 kN/m²
qIJ= 162.07 kN/m²
qKL= 119.29 kN/m²
M=QL²/10
MAB= 299.86 kN.m
MCD= 253.66 kN.m
MEF= 207.46 kN.m
MGH= 161.26 kN.m
MIJ= 145.86 kN.m
MKL= 107.36 kN.m
Steel Area Requirements: M/fsjd
Along Vertical Direction:
for strip AB= 2437.38 mm²
CD= 2061.86 mm²
EF= 1686.33 mm²
GH= 1310.80 mm²
IJ= 1185.63 mm²
KL= 872.69 mm²
using 32mm dia. Bar

A32=804.25mm²
spacing= 329.96 mm
say 325.00 mm
note: use 32mm dia. Bars @ 325mm O.C spacing run 50% of steel
continuous both bottom and top length of mat.

258
Along Horizontal Direction:
M= 536.81 kN.m using 32mm dia.

As= 4363.46 mm² L=6m
spacing= 184.31 mm 184 mm
V= 648.00 m³
W= 15253.92 kN
total load= 120989.16 kN
actual soil pressure:
= 112.03 kpa >250kpa :Safe
Therefore, use: 1080m² x 0.60m mat foundation.
Design of Stair:
For 1st Floor to 2nd Floor Stairs
T = 0.25 m = 9.84 in
Rise = 3.30 m;
Cover = 25 mm
Allowable stresses:
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa
fy = 414 Mpa
Figure:
259
Loadings:
a.) Dead load
Wt. of concrete = 23.54
b.) Live load = 7.2 KPa
Computation:
2R + T = 24”
2R + (9.84) = 24” ;R = 7.08” or 179.83mm say 180 mm.
No. of steps = = = 18.33say 18 steps.
Required Effective depth of slab =
Let: L = 4.5 m (use longest length)
Minimum thickness of slab =
Effective depth: d = 230 – 35 = 195 mm
For Main bars use: 16 mm
Let: n= no. of steps of the stairs;
T = 250 mm s = 195 + 25 = 220 mm

260
Normal dimension of the rise and thread (run)
Note: Relation between rise and thread
1.) R + T 430
180 + 250 = 430 (OK)
2.) 2R + T 635
2(180) + 250 = 610 < 635 (OK)
3.) RT 48400
(180)(250) = 45000 < 48400 (OK)
4.) R 200
180 < 200 (OK)
5.) T = 225 mm to 300 mm
T= 250 > 225; 250 < 300 (OK)
Consider 1 meter width of slab perpendicular to the paper
weight of slab along a horizontal surface:
= 6381.49 N/m or 6.38 KN/m
Weight of steps:
2118 N/m or 2.12 KN/m
Total load for stair slab:
W= 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2 (6.38 + 2.12) + 1.6(7.2)
W= 21.72 KN/m
M= = = N–mm
261
ф= 0.90
Mu=φfc’ (ω-0.59ω2); w= 0.086126
ρ=ωfc'/fy 0.004306
ρmin=1.4/fy 0.003382
ρ>ρmin .:Use ρ
As=ρbd (mm2) 818.20
Spacing=((π/4)(d2)(1000)/As (mm) 250
Temperature bars:
As=0.0018bt (mm) 342
(π/4)(d2)(1000/S)=As (mm) 230
(Detail of reinforcement )
16 mm MAIN BARS @ 250 mm O.C
10 mm TEMPERATURE BARS @ 230

mm O.C
SW-2: 2ndto 3rdfloor, 3rdfloor to Roof deck
Data:
T = 0.25 m = 9.84 in
Rise = 3.00 m;
262
Cover = 25 mm
Allowable stresses:
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa
fy = 414 Mpa
Figure:
Loadings:
c.) Dead load
d.) Live load = 7.2 KPa
Computation:
2R+T = 24”
2R + (9.84) = 24” ;R = 7.08” or 179.83mm say 180 mm.
No. of steps = = = 16.66 say16 steps.

263
Let: L = 4.5 m (use longest length)
T = 250 mm s = 195 + 25 = 220 mm
6.) R + T 430
180 + 250 = 430 (OK)
7.) 2R + T 635
2(180) + 250 = 610 < 635 (OK)
8.) RT 48400
(180)(250) = 45000 < 48400 (OK)
9.) R 200
264
180 < 200 (OK)
10.) T = 225 mm to 300 mm
T= 250 > 225; 250 < 300 (OK)
= 6381.49 N/m or 6.38 KN/m
Weight of steps:
2118 N/m or 2.12 KN/m
W= 1.2DL + 1.6LL= 1.2 (6.38 + 2.12) + 1.6(7.2)
W= 21.72 KN/m
M= = = N–mm
ф= 0.90
Mu=φfc’ (ω-0.59ω2); w= 0.086126
ρ=ωfc'/fy 0.004306
ρmin=1.4/fy 0.003382
ρ>ρmin .:Use ρ
As=ρbd (mm2) 818.20
Spacing=((π/4)(d2)(1000)/As (mm) 250
Temperature bars:
As=0.0018bt (mm) 342
(π/4)(d2)(1000/S)=As (mm) 230

265
16 mm MAIN BARS @ 250 mm O.C
10 mm TEMPERATURE BARS @ 230

mm O.C
SW-3:
Data:
T = 0.25 m = 9.84 in
Rise = 1.00 m;
Cover = 25 mm
Allowable stresses:
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa
fy= 414 Mpa

266
Figure:
Loadings:
e.) Dead load
f.) Live load = 7.2 KPa
Computation:
2R + T = 24”
2R + (9.84) = 24”; R = 7.08” or 179.83mm say 180 mm.
No. of steps = = = 5.55 = 5 steps.
Let: L = 1m (use longest length)

267
T = 250 mm s = 115 + 25 = 140 mm
11.) R + T 430
180 + 250 = 430 (OK)
12.) 2R + T 635
2(180) + 250 = 610 < 635 (OK)
13.) RT 48400
(180)(250) = 45000 < 48400 (OK)
14.) R 200
180 < 200 (OK)
15.) T = 225 mm to 300 mm
T= 250 > 225; 250 < 300 (OK)

268
= 4060.95 N/m or 4.61 KN/m
Weight of steps:
2118 N/m or 2.12 KN/m
W = 1.2DL + 1.6LL = 1.2(4.61 + 2.12) + 1.6(7.2)
W= 19.60 KN/m
M= = = N–mm
ф= 0.90
Mu=φfc’ (ω-0.59ω2); w= 0.01000
ρ=ωfc'/fy 0.00050
ρmin=1.4/fy 0.00338
ρ<ρmin .:Use ρmin
As=ρbd (mm2) 388.7
Spacing=((π/4)(d2)(1000)/As (mm) 520
Temperature bars:
As=0.0018bt (mm) 207
(π/4)(d2)(1000/S)=As (mm) 380
16 mm MAIN BARS @ 520

mm O.C
10 mm TEMPERATURE BARS @ 380 mm
O.C
269
Design of Ramp
RS-1:
Data:
L = 6m
Rise = 0.5m
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa
n = 9
fy = 414 Mpa
fs = 248 Mpa
Dead load = 23.54
Live load = 7.2
Figure:
Computation:
Required effective depth:

270
Assume as simply supported
Minimum t =
Considering one meter strip of slab:
Dead load = (0.300)(1)(23.54)= 7.06 kN/m
Live load = 7.2 Kn/m
W = (1.2)7.06 + (1.6)7.2 = 19.99 Kn/m
t= 300mm
d = 300-25 = 275 mm > 153.26 o.k
Spacing of Main Reinforced:
Steel Area:
As =
271
54.47 kN
2.88 > 0.483 MPa (o.k)
Spacing of temperature bars:
Use 300 mm thick slab with 16 mm bars
Spaced at 130 mm on centers.
Temperature bars
272
As= 0.0018bt = 0.0018(1000)(275)= 495
RS-2:
Data:
L = 12m
Rise = 1m
fc’ = 20.7 Mpa
n = 9
fy = 414 Mpa
fs = 248.4Mpa
Dead load = 23.54
Live load = 7.2
Figure:
Computation:
Required effective depth:
Assume as simply supported

273
Minimum t =
Considering one meter strip of slab:
Dead load = (0.600)(1)(23.54)= 14.12 kN/m
Live load = 7.2 Kn/m
W = (1.2)14.12 + (1.6)7.2 = 28.46 Kn/m
t= 600mm
d = 600-25 = 575 mm > 365o.k
Spacing of Main Reinforced:
Steel Area:
As =
274
54.40kN
2.88 > 0.34MPa (o.k)
Spacing of temperature bars:
Use 600 mm thick slab with 16 mm bars
Spaced at 50 mm on centers.
Temperature bars
As= 0.0018bt = 0.0018(1000)(575)= 1035

275
APPENDIX 6
Project Cost and Estimate
Estimating the total cost of the project is based on
the methods and processes used by Max B. Fajardo.
(Simplified Construction estimate 2000 edition by Max B.
Fajardo Jr.)
Bill Of Materials And Estimates

Three Storey Multi-purpose Building
I-EARTHWORKS
Unit
Price
cu.
2268 Backfill 285 ₱646,380.00
m.
cu.
1080 Excavation 390 ₱421,200.00
m.
cu. Gravel
21.6 1050 ₱22,680.00
m. Bedding
Labor ₱436,104.00
SUBTOTAL ₱1,679,000.40
II-CONCRETE & STEEL WORKS

Unit
Price
993 cu m. Sand 900 ₱893,561.49
3864 cu m. Gravel 1050 ₱4,056,763.62

Portland
17386 bags 225 ₱3,911,879.21
Cement
16542 kg 10mm Ø Bar 55 ₱909,789.53
276
277
24433 kg 12mm Ø Bar 55 ₱1,343,799.60
12500 kg 16mm Ø Bar 55 ₱687,522.00
1243 kg 20mm Ø Bar 55 ₱68,376.00
67903 kg 25mm Ø Bar 55 ₱3,734,689.20
38280 kg 28mm Ø Bar 55 ₱2,105,400.00
30760 kg 30mm Ø Bar 55 ₱1,691,797.80
20468 kg 32mm Ø Bar 55 ₱1,125,730.47

#16 G.I.
2723 kg 60 ₱163,352.00
Wires
Labor ₱8,277,064.36
Contingency ₱2,896,972.53
SUBTOTAL ₱31,866,697.80
III-MASONRY WORKS
Unit
Price
16996 pcs #4 C.H.B. 14 ₱237,938.61
19225 pcs #6 C.H.B. 20 ₱384,503.20
Portland
6508 bags Cement 225 ₱1,464,333.49
cu.
231 m. Sand 900 ₱207,594.79
19574 kg 16mm Ø Bar 55 ₱1,076,596.37
Labor ₱917,748.03
SUBTOTAL ₱4,717,585.94
IV-FORMWORKS
Unit
Price
4' x 8'
339 sheets Plywood 381 ₱129,159.00
2" x 3" x 8'
2445 kg Lumber 130 ₱317,850.00
278
43.4 kg #2 1/2 CWNails 140 ₱6,076.00

#1 Finishing
32.4 kg Nails 158 ₱5,119.20
Labor ₱183,281.68
SUBTOTAL ₱705,634.47
V-DOORS AND WINDOWS

Unit
Price
Aluminum
2 Double Door 25,666.20 ₱51,332.40
Aluminum
16 Single Door 24,700.00 ₱395,200.00
Aluminum
3 Sliding Door 21,388.50 ₱64,165.50
Flush Hollow
47 Core Door 1,461.60 ₱68,695.20
Aluminum
5 Railing Door 3,120.00 ₱15,600.00
10 PVC Door 3,200.00 ₱32,000.00
Wooden HDF
14 Double Door 18,061.60 ₱252,862.40
1 Roof Hatch 8,076.00 ₱8,076.00
Sliding W/
9 Fixed Window 13020 ₱117,180.00
Sliding W/
10 Fixed Window 8970 ₱89,700.00
Sliding W/
16 Fixed Window 4485 ₱71,760.00
Sliding W/
19 Fixed Window 8220 ₱156,180.00
Sliding
12 Window 6900 ₱82,800.00
Sliding
16 Window 3450 ₱55,200.00
Awning Steel
30 Type Window 2208 ₱66,240.00
Awning Steel
15 Type Window 1555.2 ₱23,328.00
Awning Steel
9 Type Window 691.2 ₱6,220.80
Labor ₱622,616.12
SUBTOTAL ₱2,397,072.06
279
VI-PAINTING WORKS
Unit
Price
617.5924 gal. Acrylic 1000 ₱617,592.40
ConcreteSealer
502.3715 gal. Acrylic Latex 1000 ₱502,371.55
Paint
447.9856 gal. Neutralizer 1000 ₱447,985.58
Labor ₱627,179.81
SUBTOTAL ₱2,414,642.27
VII-SCAFFOLDINGS
Unit
Price
2" x 3" x 8'
8480 pcs Lumber 130 ₱1,102,400.00
263 kg #4 CWNails 130 ₱34,190.00
Labor 454636
SUBTOTAL ₱1,591,226.00
VIII-TILE WORKS
Unit
Price
196.044 bags Cement Mortar 225 ₱44,109.89
1139.791 kg. White Cement 85 ₱96,882.19
6x6 Ceramic
5609.608 pcs. Tile 150 ₱841,441.25
3x3 Ceramic
3012.467 pcs. Tile 35 ₱105,436.33
Labor ₱435,147.87
SUBTOTAL ₱1,675,319.29
IX-CEILING
Unit
Price
728.9987 Cement Board 500 ₱364,499.33
150.0667 Wall Angle 50 ₱7,503.33
280
2223.2 Metal Furring 120 ₱266,784.00

Carrying
239.1 Channel 115 ₱27,496.50
Labor ₱266,513.27
SUBTOTAL ₱1,026,076.08
X GENERAL
Lumpsum ₱220,000.00
REQUIREMENTS
XI MOBILIZATION Lumpsum ₱16,500.00
XII STEEL MATTING Lumpsum ₱550,000.00
XIII ELECTRICAL Lumpsum ₱550,000.00
XIV PLUMBING Lumpsum ₱550,000.00
XV DEMOBILIZATION Lumpsum ₱16,500.00
XVI PROJECT
Lumpsum ₱550,000.00
CLOSEOUT
SUBTOTAL ₱2,453,000.00
TOTAL OVERALL COST ₱50,526,254.31
Calculation of Duration for Each Activities

Most
Optimistic Pessimistic
Activities Likely Duration
Time Time
Time
Clearing and grubbing 1 3 5 3
Temporary facilities,
waterline &powerline 1 3 5 3
Layout 1 2 3 2
Excavation 3 6 9 6
Fabrication of steel
for footing, column &
wall footing 3 4 5 4
Fabrication of forms
for column 1 3 5 3
Installation of steel
for footing and
column 3 4 5 4
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: JOHN DIEL A. ALCONES

Address: Bry. Dumolog,
Roxas City, Capiz
Contact No.: 09384251100
Email Address: ajohndiel@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Nickname: Diel
Sex: Male
Civil Status: Single
Age: 22 yrs. old.
Height: 5’4’’
Weight: 48 kg.
Birth date: September 05, 2000
Religion: Born Again Christian
Father’s Name: Danny A. Alcones
Mother’s Name: Ma. Luz A. Alcones
Siblings: Danluis A. Alcones
Donard A. Alcones
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
TERTIARY Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Capiz State University, Main Campus
Fuentes Drive, Roxas City, Capiz
2023
SECONDARY Colegio de la Purisima Concepcion

Boulevard, Roxas City, Capiz
2019
ELEMENTARY Domulog Elementary School

Domulog, Roxas City, Capiz
2013
SKILLS
 Computer literate (Microsoft Word, Excel, Power
Point)
 Proficient in Computer Aided Design (CAD)
 Graphic design
 Sketching and painting
SPORTS AND HOBBIES
 Drawing and painting
 Playing instruments
ACHIEVEMENTS/SEMINARS/TRAININGS/ORGANIZATION
 Quiz Bowl Champion (2020)
 MTAP Bronze Medal Division Level (2014)
 With Honor, Senior High School
 Salutatorian, Junior High School
 Kabscout Member (2006 – 2009)
 Boyscout Member (2009 – 2012)
 Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers Member
(2019-2023)
PHILOSOPHY
“Let your footstep leave a mark.”
JOHN DIEL A. ALCONES

Signature over Printed Name
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: NIEL KNOWELL A.

DE FELIPE
Address: Bry. Mongpong,
Roxas City, Capiz
Contact No.: 09300746908
Email Address: nielknowelldefelipe@gmail.com
Nickname: N/A
Sex: Male
Age: 22 yrs. old.
Height: 5’8’’
Weight: 68 kg.
Birth date: November 13, 2000
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Noel C. De Felipe
Mother’s Name: Iyren A. De Felipe
Siblings: Nicole A. De Felipe
Jemwell A. De Felipe
Jerick A. De Felipe

2023
SECONDARY Colegio de la Purisima Concepcion

Boulevard, Roxas City, Capiz
2019
ELEMENTARY President Manuel A. Roxas Memorial School

South
Tanque, Roxas City, Capiz
2013
SKILLS
 Computer Literate (Microsoft Word, Excel, Power
Point)
 Proficient in Computer Aided Design (CAD), and
 Sketch Up (SKP)
SPORTS AND HOBBIES
 Playing Basketball, and Chess
 Watching movies and internet surfing
 Playing online games
 With Honor, Senior High School (2018 – 2019)
 Champion and MVP during National Private Schools
Athletic Association Meet at Iba, Zambales (2017)
 Athletics Varsity Player, High School (2015 -2019)
 Children of Mary, High School (2013 – 2017)
 Altar Server, High School (2013 – 2019)
 Supreme Student Pastoral Council, High School (2017-
2019)
 Leadership Seminar, High School (2017)
(2019-2023)
PHILOSOPHY
“The road to success and the road to failure

are almost exactly the same.”
– Colin R. Davis
NIEL KNOWELL A. DE FELIPE

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: DAISY MAE D. FUENTES

Address: Blk. 1 Lot 4 Mendoza
Urban, Roxas City, Capiz
Contact No.: 09163874641
Email Address: daisyyyfuentes19@gmail.com
Nickname: Daisy
Sex: Female
Age: 22 yrs. old.
Height: 5’3’’
Weight: 48 kg.
Birth date: May 19, 2001
Father’s Name: Jonathan A. Fuentes
Mother’s Name: Mery Jean-Jean D. Fuentes
Siblings: Shania Marie D. Fuentes
Julia Stephan D. Fuentes

2023
SECONDARY Capiz State University, Main Campus

2019
ELEMENTARY Filamer Christian University

Roxas Avenue, Roxas City, Capiz
2013
SKILLS
 Drawing and capable of using Photoshop
 Proficient in Computer Aided Design (CAD)
 Computer Literate (Microsoft Word, Excel, Power
Point)
SPORTS AND HOBBIES
 Playing Basketball, and Chess
 Watching movies and internet surfing
 Playing online games
 With Honor, Senior High School (2018 – 2019)
 Girl’s Scout Member (2009-2017)
 Science Club Mmber (2014 – 2017)
 Altar Server, High School (2013 – 2019)
 Red Cross Member (2016 – 2017)
(2019-2023)
PHILOSOPHY
“Failure is just a step to success.”
DAISY MAE D. FUENTES

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: JOEZEL ROSE M. PANUNCIO

Address: Jaena Norte,
Jamindan,Capiz
Contact No.: 09167758263
Email Address: joezpanuncio@gmail.com
Nickname: Inday
Sex: Female
Age: 22 yrs. old.
Height: 5’3’’
Weight: 43 kg.
Birth date: December 20, 2000
Father’s Name: Jose Ruel V. Panuncio
Mother’s Name: Elizabeth M. Panuncio
Siblings: Joebet M. Panuncio
Cyron Jade M. Panuncio
Francisderyl M. Panuncio
EDUCATIONALATTAINMENT

2023
SECONDARY Jamindan National High School

Poblacion, Jamindan, Capiz
2019
ELEMENTARY Camp Jamindan Elementary School

Jaena Norte, Jamindan, Capiz
2013
SKILLS
 Computer Literate (Microsoft Word, Excel,
PowerPoint, etc.)
 Proficient in Computer Aided Design(2D)
 Proficient in 3D rendering using SketchUp
SPORTS AND HOBBIES
 Watching anime and movies

 Reading various books and manga
 Singing and playing guitar
 Playing badminton and chess
 6th Honorable Mention, Elementary School Level (2012-
2013)
 With High Honor, Junior High School Level (2016-
2017)
 With High Honor, Senior High School Level (2018-
2019)
 Consistent MTAP 2nd and 3rd Placer, Division Level
(2013-2016)
 Champion, Math Quiz Bee, Division Level (2018-2019)
 Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Scholar
(2019-2023)
(2019-2023)
 Participant, Application of Building Information
Modeling Technology Open Course by SEAMEO Technical
Education Development (August 30, 2022)
PHILOSOPHY
“The only person you are destined to become

is the person you decide to be.”
– Ralph Waldo Emerson
JOEZEL ROSE M. PANUNCIO


A Proposed Three Storey Multi Purpose Building at Brgy. Bolo Roxas City Capiz1

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A PROPOSED THREE-STOREY MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING AT BRGY.

BOLO, ROXAS CITY

JOHN DIEL A. ALCONES

Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Engineering,

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE & TECHNOLOGY

Research Title: Proposed Three-Storey Multi-Purpose Building

MA CORAZON A. BARCENAS, CE, ME, LPT

MA. ADELINE D. DIAZ, CE, ME

JOEL C. VILLARUZ, CE, ME, PhD

ALBERTO PAULO I. CERCADO, EdD

JOEL C. VILLARUZ, CE, ME, PhD

Research No. _____________________

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE & TECHNOLOGY

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

MA CORAZON A. BARCENAS, CE, ME, LPT

JOEL C. VILLARUZ, CE, ME, PhD

This study became successful because of the help and

support of countless individuals who gave their precious

time, effort, and guidance. The researchers would like to

express their deepest gratitude, sincere respect, and

appreciation to the following persons:

Their devoted parents, for their endless emotional

and financial support, as well as their guidance and

inspiration, which enabled the researchers, get through

the challenges that they faced.

Engr. Ma. Corazon A. Barcenas, research adviser,

whose patience, direction, and wise leadership have aided

and benefitted the researchers in successfully completing

this project. Thank you so much for your unwavering

support and presence at all times.

Engr. Ma. Adeline D. Diaz, member of the advisory

committee and Program Chair of the Bachelor of Science in

Civil Engineering, for her wise and devoted counsel,

cherished direction, corrections, recommendations,

understanding, encouragement, challenges, and support in

illuminating this research.

Engr. Joel C. Villaruz, member of the advisory

committee and Dean, College of Engineering, Architecture,

and Technology, for his helpful evaluation,

modifications, and sharing of knowledge and thoughts in

presentation of the proposed study.

Above all, the Almighty God, who has blessed this

study from the beginning to the conclusion with His

knowledge, wisdom, direction, strength, faith, and

This study was conducted by the four (4) researchers

who put in their efforts and determination to make the

study successful. The researchers would like to thank

Almighty God. He is the one who gave me knowledge,

ability, and flexibility. He always guides the

researchers in the right direction, provides for their

needs, and knows what is best for them. This study is

also dedicated to the parents and families of the

researchers for their financial, moral, and undying

support and for their encouragement in making this study

The researchers would also like to express their

deepest gratitude to the faculty and staff of College of

Engineering, Architecture and Technology, most especially

to the following: Engr. Ma. Adeline D. Diaz, Engr. Ma.

Corazon A. Barcenas, Engr. Joel C. Villaruz, and Engr.

Carlo F. Cabanus who gave the researchers valuable pieces

of advice, support, considerations and additional

knowledge for the improvement of the study.

The researcher’s friends and classmates, who stood