OPERATING SYSTEM

WEEK 4
 WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM

 An operating system (OS) is a crucial software component that serves as an intermediary

between the hardware of a computer system and the applications or software programs running
on it

1. User: This is where you, as the user, interact with software applications. You initiate
tasks by running software programs or giving commands through a user interface.
2. Software: Software represents the applications and programs you use on your
computer. These programs make your computer perform specific tasks, like browsing
the internet, editing documents, or playing games.
3. Operating System (OS): The operating system serves as a layer between software
and hardware. The OS manages hardware resources, ensures software can run
smoothly, and handles tasks like process management, memory allocation, and device
control.
4. Hardware: Hardware includes all the physical components of your computer, such as
the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices. These components
execute the instructions provided by the software, with the assistance of the operating
system.
FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM
• Provide User Interface:
Operating systems provide different types of interfaces to interact with them, depending on their design
and intended use. Here are some common interface types for operating systems

Graphical User Interface (GUI): Most modern operating systems offer a graphical user interface (GUI)
that allows users to interact with the computer using graphical elements such as icons, windows, menus,
and buttons. Examples include the Windows GUI, macOS

Command-Line Interface (CLI): A command-line interface is a text-based interface where users interact
with the operating system by typing commands. CLI is often favored by system administrators,
developers, and power users for its efficiency and scripting capabilities. Examples include the Windows
Command Prompt, macOS Terminal, and Linux Terminal.
FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Web-based Interface: Some operating systems, particularly those used in cloud computing or network
management, provide web-based interfaces that users can access through a web browser. These interfaces
allow users to manage and configure the system remotely via a web application.
Touch User Interface (TUI): Touch-based interfaces are used in operating systems designed for touch-
screen devices like smartphones and tablets. These interfaces rely on gestures, taps, and swipes to
control the device and applications. Examples include iOS for Apple devices and Android for many
smartphones and tablets.
FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

 Process Management:
The OS manages the execution of multiple processes or programs, determining which ones get to use the
CPU and for how long.
 Memory Management:
The OS allocates and deallocates memory to programs and ensures efficient use of RAM.
 File System Management:
The OS provides tools to create, read, write, and delete files and directories.
It manages permissions and access to files, ensuring data security.
FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

 Networking:
It enables computers to connect to networks and communicate with other devices, facilitating internet
access and data sharing.
 Error Handling:
The OS identifies and manages errors and exceptions to prevent system crashes and data loss.
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

1. Single-User Operating Systems:

These are designed for a single user at a time and are commonly found on personal computers. Examples include
Microsoft Windows, macOS, and various flavors of Linux.
1. Multi-User Operating Systems:
These allow multiple users to interact with the computer simultaneously. They are used in environments where several
users need access to the same computer, such as servers. Examples include various Unix and Linux distributions.
1. Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS):
RTOSs are designed for systems that require precise timing and immediate response to events. They are used in
applications like embedded systems, robotics, and industrial control systems. Examples include VxWorks and QNX
LINUX -OS
 Linux:
• Linux is like a free, open-source computer operating system.
• It's known for being secure, stable, and customizable.
• You can change how it looks and works to fit your preferences.
• It's more secure against viruses and doesn't need antivirus software.
• It's great for servers and programmers but may have fewer popular apps and games.
• You can get different "flavors" of Linux, each with its own look and features.
 Windows:
• Windows is like a paid operating system made by Microsoft.
• It's widely used, especially on personal computers.
• It has a consistent, familiar look and comes with popular apps and games.
• You may need antivirus software to stay safe.
• It's not as customizable as Linux, but it's user-friendly.
• You pay for a license to use Windows.
THANK YOU!