ELECTRICAL LAYOUT

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the general structure of electric system in
residential/commercial installation such as the service entrance,
electric service metering, grounding and ground fault, circuit safe
load, sizing of conductor wires, conduits, overcurrent protective
device, and the like
2. Identify various electrical symbols used in an electrical layout
3. Construct a basic/simple lighting and power layout for
residential/commercial wiring installations

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Residential and Commercial General Structure of Electric System

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SERVICE PANEL BOARD
▪ It is a single panel that includes automatic overcurrent
devices used for the protection of light, heat, or power
circuits.
▪ It is designed to be placed in a cabinet located in or on a
wall, partition, or other support.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

 S S
C C

CKT1
C C CKT2

CKT3 CKT3
C

CKT4

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Residential and Commercial General Parts of Electric System
Service Entrance

▪ It is a service conductors and equipment for delivering

electric energy from the service electric utility to the wiring
system of the premises served.

▪ Overhead Service

▪ This is most often installed in residential wiring.

▪ It is less expensive and takes less time to install.
▪ Less work in times of trouble and repair

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Residential and Commercial General Parts of Electric System
Service Entrance
▪ Underground Service

▪ This is most often installed only as an

alternative to an overhead service.
▪ This type of service is more attractive
and worth the extra cost and time for the
installation.
▪ If a problem arises, the repair procedure
requires digging of the ground which is
more costly than treating the overhead
service.
EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Residential Service Entrance Requirements (from NEC*)
Only power conductors can be attached to the
service mast. Cable television wiring or
telephone wiring to be attached to the service
mast is not allowed.

*National Electric Code (NEC) is a

document that establishes minimum
safety rules for an electrician to
follow when performing electrical
installation.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Service Metering (Watt-Hour Meters)
▪ The local electric utility meter department
usually install the meter into the meter
enclosure once the service entrance is done
and the dwelling is ready to receive electrical
power.
▪ This meter measures the amount of electrical
energy used by the dwelling’s electrical system.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

 Grounding (Neutral Conductor)
Its connection can be made at any accessible point from the load end of the service drop or
service lateral to the terminal strip to which the grounded service conductor is connected at the
service disconnecting means.

Necessity of Grounding

The grounded conductor of an AC service is

connected to a grounding electrode system to
limit the voltage to ground imposed on the
system by lightning, line surges, and
unintentional high-voltage crossovers.
To stabilize the voltage to ground during
normal operations including short circuits.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Branch Circuits
▪ The part of a distribution
system consisting of circuit
conductors, between the
final overcurrent protection
and the outlet or load
attached.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Feeders
▪ The conductors between the service equipment and the branch-
circuit overcurrent devices are called feeders

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Ground Fault (Overload, Short Circuit) Protective Devices
Fuse
▪ It is an overcurrent protection device that opens a
circuit when the fusible link is melted away by the
extreme heat caused by an overcurrent. Two types are
plug fuses and cartridge fuses.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Circuit Breaker
▪ An automatic device for stopping the
flow of current in an electric circuit as
a safety measure

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Receptacles
▪ Outlet – is the point on the wing system at which current
is taken to supply equipment.

▪ They provide ready access to the electrical system and

are defined as a contact device installed at the outlet for
the connection of an attachment plug.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Special Receptacle Types (Plugs)
For Portable Appliances
▪ These are for small appliances like
over toaster, coffee maker,
television, refrigerator, stereo
component, PC and is plug into a
15A and 20A receptacles.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Special Receptacle Types (Plugs)
For Stationary Appliances
▪ These are appliances like electric
range, clothe dryer or a room air
conditioner.
▪ They usually requires large
amounts of current and connected
to receptacles that are designed
specifically for the amperage and
voltage that these appliances need
to operate.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Switches (Snap Switch, Toggle Switch, Light Switch)
Switches are devices used to control the various
lighting outlets installed in residential and
commercial wiring.

Single-Pole Switch

The most common type of switch used in

residential wiring.
This switch is used in 120V circuits to control a
lighting outlet or outlets from only one location.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Switches (Snap Switch, Toggle Switch, Light Switch)
Double-Pole Switch

This switch is used in 240V circuits to control a

load from only one location.

It is similar in construction to a single-pole

switch but it has four terminal screws instead of
two.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

 Switches (Snap Switch, Toggle Switch, Light Switch)
Three-Way Switch
▪ These are use to control a lighting
outlet or outlets from two locations.
▪ It has three terminals.
▪ Two terminals are called the “travelers
terminals” which have the same brass
color and located directly across from
each other on opposite sides.
▪ The other screw terminal is black in
color and is called the “common
terminal”.
▪ Three-way switches must always be
installed in pairs.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Switches (Snap Switch, Toggle Switch, Light Switch)
Four-Way Switch
▪ Four-way switches are used in conjunction
with three-way switches to allow control of a
lighting outlet or outlets from more than two
locations.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Switches (Snap Switch, Toggle Switch, Light Switch)
Dimmer Switch
▪ These are used to dim or brighten the light
output of a lighting fixture

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Electrical Drawings and Symbols
An electrical drawing, a type
of technical drawing that shows
information about power, lighting,
and communication for
an engineering or
architectural project. Any electrical
working drawing consists of "lines,
symbols, dimensions, and notations to
accurately convey an engineering's
design to the workers, who install
the electrical system on the job"

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Common Architectural Symbols

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Architectural Plan

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Electrical Symbols in an Electrical Drawing
▪ The electrical drawing must contains many electrical symbols that will
show the location and type of electrical equipment required to be
installed as part of the electrical system.
▪ Electrical drawing is the most important part of the building plan for an
electrician.
▪ The American National Standard Institute (ANSI) provides the
standard electrical symbols for use in electrical drawings.
▪ However, plans may have symbols that are not standard. If this is the
case, a legend is usually included in the plans which list all the symbols
used on the building plans and what they all mean.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

 AIRCONDITIONING

C
CIRCUIT BREAKER
RANGE CONVENIENCE UNIT OUTLET
ACU
S1 SINGLE POLE SWITCH
WEATHER-PROOF LAMP SOCKET
S2 DUPLEX SWITCH
WP CONVENINCE OUTLET

S3 TRIPLEX SWITCH REFRIGERATOR OUTLET

THUMBLER SWITCH
Ref
S3W THREE WAY SWITCH CONDUIT RUN

SWP WEATHER PROOF SWITCH M SERVICE kWh METER SWITCH RUN

DUPLEX CONVENIENCE SERVICE ENTRANCE HOME RUN PANEL BOARD

OUTLET
GROUND
PANEL BOARD
ENTRANCE HEAD
SAFETY SWITCH

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL PLAN (SWITCHING LAYOUT)

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Residential Design Guidelines
1. The power for lighting is 100VA (if outlet to be served is not specified).
2. The power convenience outlet is 180VA.
3. The maximum distance between convenience outlet is 1.8m (1.5m is
preferably used).
4. Wall switches shall be located on the lock side of doors.
5. Lighting outlet shall be separated from convenience outlet to avoid
flickering of lamps.
6. Wires and conductors intended for continuous duty shall be loaded not
more than 80% of the ampacities.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Residential Design Guidelines
7. The maximum ampere rating of the branch circuit over current
protective device for lighting , small appliances load and similar branch
circuit shall be equal to the ampacity of the branch circuit conductor.
However, if there no standard size of overcurrent protective device that
corresponds to the ampacity of the branch circuit conductor, the next
higher standard size may be used.
8. The maximum ampacity of the motor branch circuit conductor shall be
125% of the full load current of the motor.
9. The maximum ampere rating of the motor branch circuit conductor
shall be the sum of the full load current of the motors in the group plus
25% of the full load current of the largest motor of all.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Commonly given size of conductor wire
AWG mm2 Ampacity
(Amp)
14 2 15
12 3.5 20
10 5.5 30
8 8 40
6 14 55
4 22 70
2 30 95
1 38 110
0 50 125

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SAMPLE ELECTRICAL PLANS

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SAMPLE ELECTRICAL PLANS

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SAMPLE ELECTRICAL PLANS

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Electrical Wiring and Layout

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL SAFETY
HAZARD

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Electric Shock
Electrical Shock is considered the biggest safety hazard
associated with doing electrical work.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Effect of Electric Shock on Human Beings
Factors that determine the seriousness of an electrical shock
▪ Path of electric current through the body
▪ Amount of current
▪ Time the current is flowing
▪ Human body’s electrical resistance

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Effect of Electric Shock on Human Beings
Stages as to the effect of a current flow through the human
body

▪ Perception – tingling (about 1mA)

▪ Let-go threshold level – (about 10mA)
▪ Non-let-go threshold level – (about 16mA)
▪ Constriction of the thoracic muscles – death by
asphyxiation and ventricular fibrillation – (about 70 to
100mA)

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Arc Blast
▪ When an arc occurs, there is a blast that causes molten metal to be
thrown through the air and unto the skin or into the eyes of an
electrical worker.
▪ The arc itself and the pieces of molten metal that it produces can
reach temperature as high as 19,000°C.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Burns
An electrical burn is sometimes a result of getting an electrical
shock.

Arc Burn
▪ This type of burn is not a result of electrical shock but
rather a result of electrical equipment malfunction and
causing extremely high temperature area around the arc.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

PERSONAL SAFETY
PROTECTION

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Flash Hoods

Rubber gloves with leather protectors and

thermally resistant gloves

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Work Clothing
When to Use Thermally Protective Work Uniforms.
Thermally protective work uniforms should be required
for all workers who are routinely exposed to the
possibility of electric arc and/or flash. This applies
especially to workers in the industries which have the
added hazard of flash fire.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Flash Suits
Using Flash Suits. Flash suits should be worn
anytime the worker works inside the flash boundary.
Flash suits should always be used in conjunction with
adequate head, eye, and hand protection. Note that all
workers in the vicinity of the arc potential should be
wearing a flash suit.

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Head and Eye Protection
Hard Hats. In addition to wearing protection from
falling objects and other blows, electrical workers
should be equipped with and should wear hard hats
that provide electrical insulating capabilities

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Rubber-Insulating Equipment
Rubber-insulating equipment includes rubber gloves,
sleeves, line hose, blankets, covers, and mats.
Employees should use such equipment when working
in an area where the hazard of electric shock exists.
This means anytime employees are working on or near
an energized, exposed conductor, they should be using
rubber-insulating equipment.

Rubber goods provide an insulating shield between the

worker and the energized conductors. This insulation
will save the workers’ lives should they accidently
contact the conductor.
EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Rubber Mats

EE104 – BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

END OF SESSION