MutliDimensional array

i) Definition

It can be defined as an array of arrays

int abc [size][size] ; 2D array

float xyz [size] [size][size] ; 3D array

char a[size][size][size][size] ; 4D array

int g[size][size][size]....[size n]; nD array

ii) Declaration

one can declare N-dimensional array as follows :

data- type array-name [size1][size2][size 3]....[sizeN];

iii) Example
int a[3][4] ; // 2- D array

int b[2][3][4]; // 3-D array

size of multidimensional array is calculated by multiplying the

size of all the dimensions.
II ) Two dimensional array ( Two subscripted variable )

I) 2-d Array

i) Definition :

When an array is used to store data values(elements)

in tabulur form (table) then it called as , 2-D array.

ii) Declaration :

one can use following syntax to declare 2-d array

data-type array-name [ row ][column] ;

where ,

datatype : It is basic data type .

array -name : It is a valid name of an array .

row: This is first dimension & should be positive integer

column: This is Second dimension & should be positive

integer

iii) Example
i) int abc [3][2]; // 3*2 matrix
ii) float pqr[3][3]; // 3*3 matrix
III) accessing an array elements

i) Here, one can access an 2-d array using row index & column
index.

Consider Example ,
int a [2][3];

Memory Mapping diagram is using index

int a[0][0] = first element

Row / Column Column 0 Column 1 Column 2

Row 0 (0,0) ( 0, 1 ) ( 0, 2 )
Row 1 (1 , 0 ) (1,1) (1, 2)

In order to access data element in 1st row & 2nd column ,

a[0][1] = 1st row & 2nd column

a[0][2] = 1st row & 3rd column etc.

IV) Initialization (Passing values ) of an 2-d array

i) After declaring an 2-d array one must initialize( pass values

to) an array elements otherwise it may hold garbagevalue ( any
random value) by using one the following method :

I) compile-time initialization ( initialization method)

II) Run-time initialization

I) compile time initialization ( initialization method)

i) Just like normal variable initializtion , an 2-d array also can be
initialize at time it’s declaration .

ii) syntax
data – type array-name [x] [y] = {list of values };

iii) Example

I) int a[2][3] = { {1,2,3},{4,5,6}};

index for row : 0 to 1 & index for column : 0 to 2

a[0][0]= 1 , a[0][1] = 2 , a[0][2]=3

a[1][0]=4, a[1][1]= 5 , a[1][2]= 6
a[2][0]

Row / Column C0 C1 C2
R0 1 ( 0,0 ) 2 (0,1) 3 (0,2)
R1 4 (1,0) 5 ( 1,1) 6 (1,2)

II) int a[2][3] ={ { 1,2,3},{4,5,6} };

III) char ab[3][2] = {{‘2’, ‘w’ },{‘m’, ‘=’},{‘w’, ‘4’} };

II) run time initialization
i) Here, one can pass values to the 2-D array by scanf() which
interms demands nested for loop .

ii) This is usefull for initializing larger arrays values .

Iii) Example

#include<stdio.h>
void main( )
{
int abc[3][2];
int a,b ;
printf(“Enter values to data elements for an array abc”);
for(a=0 ; a<3;a++)
{
for(b=0;b<2;b++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&abc[a][b]); //
}
}

for(a=0;a<15;a++)
{
for(b=0;b<2;b++)
{
printf(“%d”,abc[a][b]);
}
printf(“\n”);
}
}
points to remember:
The second subscript is mandatory where as first
subscript is optional

1) int abc[3][3]; // valid

2) float xyz[][3] ; // valid

3) char pqr[][]; // invalid

Example :

1) WAP to declare an array , input & output.

2) WAP to find sum of two matrices
3) WAP to find product of two matrices
4) WAP to find transpose of a matrix
5) WAP to check given matrix is a sparse matrix
Hint: sparse matrix : the matrix that has a greater number of
zero elements than the non-zero elements.
1) WAP to declare an array , input & output

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
int abc[100][100];
int r,c;
int a,b;

printf("\n Enter the dimension i.e.row & column for an array \n");
scanf("%d%d",&r,&c);

printf("\n Enter i/p for an array abc \n");

for(a=0 ; a<r ; a++)
{
for(b=0 ; b<c ; b++)
{
scanf("%d",&abc[a][b]);
}
}

printf("\n o/p for an array abc are:\n");

for(a=0 ; a<r ; a++)

{
for(b=0 ; b<c ; b++)
{
printf("%d\t",abc[a][b]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
O/P :
Enter the dimension i.e.row & column for an array abc
2
3

Enter i/p for an array abc

11
22
33
44
55
66

o/p for an array abc are:

11 22 33
44 55 66
2) WAP to find sum of two matrices ( Addition )

case I : Matrices without dimension

// Program to perform addition of 2 matrices

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
int mat1[100][100], mat2[100][100] ,add[100][100];
int r,c; // variables representing row & column subscript
int a,b;

printf("\n Enter the dimension i.e.row & column for an array abc \n");
scanf("%d%d",&r,&c);

printf("\n Enter the i/p for 1st matrix\n");

for(a=0; a<r ;a+=1)
{
for(b=0 ;b<c ; b++)
{
scanf("%d",&mat1[a][b]);
}
}

printf("\n Enter the i/p for 2nd matrix\n");

for(a=0; a<r ;a+=1)
{
for(b=0 ;b<c ; b++)
{
scanf("%d",&mat2[a][b]);
}
}
 printf("\n I/p Matrices are :\n");

printf("\n 1st matrix \n");

for(a=0; a<r ;a+=1)
{
for(b=0 ;b<c ; b++)
{
printf("%d\t",mat1[a][b]);
}
printf("\n");
}

printf("\n2nd matrix \n");

for(a=0; a<r ;a+=1)
{
for(b=0 ;b<c ; b++)
{
printf("%d\t",mat2[a][b]);
}
printf("\n");
}

for(a=0; a<r ;a+=1)

{
for(b=0 ;b<c ; b++)
{
add[a][b] = mat1[a][b] + mat2[a][b] ;
}
printf("\n");
}
 printf("\nAddition \n");
for(a=0; a<r ;a+=1)
{
for(b=0 ;b<c ; b++)
{
printf("%d\t",add[a][b]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}

O/P :-
Enter the dimension i.e.row & column for an array abc
2
3

Enter the i/p for 1st matrix

1
2
3
4
5
6

Enter the i/p for 2nd matrix

6
5
4
3
2
1
I/p Matrices are :

1st matrix
1 2 3
4 5 6

2nd matrix
6 5 4
3 2 1

Addition
7 7 7
7 7 7

case II : Matrices with dimension

// Program to perform addition of 2 matrices 3*4

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
int mat1[3][4], mat2[3][4] ,add[3][4];
int a,b;

printf("\n Enter the i/p for 1st matrix\n");

for(a=0; a<=2 ;a+=1)
{
for(b=0 ;b<=3 ; b++)
{
scanf("%d",&mat1[a][b]);
}
}
 printf("\n Enter the i/p for 2nd matrix\n");
for(a=0; a<=2 ;a+=1)
{
for(b=0 ;b<=3 ; b++)
{
scanf("%d",&mat2[a][b]);
}
}

printf("\n I/p Matrices are :\n");

printf("\n 1st matrix \n");
for(a=0; a<=2 ;a+=1)
{
for(b=0 ;b<=3 ; b++)
{
printf("%d\t",mat1[a][b]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n2nd matrix \n");
for(a=0; a<=2 ;a+=1)
{
for(b=0 ;b<=3 ; b++)
{
printf("%d\t",mat2[a][b]);
}
printf("\n");
}

for(a=0; a<=2 ;a+=1)

{
for(b=0 ;b<=3 ; b++)
{
add[a][b] = mat1[a][b] + mat2[a][b] ;
 }
printf("\n");
}

printf("\nAddition \n");
for(a=0; a<=2 ;a+=1)
{
for(b=0 ;b<=3 ; b++)
{
printf("%d\t",add[a][b]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}

O/P :-
Enter the i/p for 1st matrix
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Enter the i/p for 2nd matrix

12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

I/p Matrices are :

1st matrix
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12

2nd matrix
12 11 10 9
8 7 6 5
4 3 2 1

Addition
13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13
13 13 13 13

Do by yourself :

WAP to perform subtraction of two matrices 3*3

3) WAP to find product of two matrices

// Multiplication of 2 d matrices

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
int mat1[100][100] , mat2[100][100] , mat[100][100]={0,0};

int r,c, a,b,k;

printf("\n Enter the value of row & column \n");

scanf("%d%d",&r,&c);

printf("\Enter the i/p for first matrix \n");

for(a=0 ; a<r ; a++ )
{
for(b=0 ; b<c; b+=1)
{
scanf("%d",&mat1[a][b]);
}
}

printf("\Enter the i/p for second matrix \n");

for(a=0 ; a<r ; a++ )
{
for(b=0 ; b<c; b+=1)
{
scanf("%d",&mat2[a][b]);
}
}
printf("\n I/p matrices are :\n");

printf("\n 1st matrix \n");

for(a=0 ; a<r ; a++ )

{
for(b=0 ; b<c; b+=1)
 {
printf("%d\t",mat1[a][b]);
}
printf("\n");
}

printf("\n 2nd matrix \n");

for(a=0 ; a<r ; a++ )

{
for(b=0 ; b<c; b+=1)
{
printf("%d\t",mat2[a][b]);
}
printf("\n");
}

for(a=0 ; a<r ; a++ )

{
for(b=0 ; b<c; b+=1)
{
for(k=0; k<c; k++)
{
mat[a][b]=mat[a][b] + mat1[a][k]*mat2[k][b] ;

}
}
}

printf("\n Multiplication :\n");

for(a=0 ; a<r ; a++ )

{
for(b=0 ; b<c; b+=1)
{
printf("%d\t",mat[a][b]);
}
 printf("\n");
}

O/P:-
Enter the value of row & column
2
2
ter the i/p for first matrix
2
3
4
5
ter the i/p for second matrix
6
7
8
9

I/p matrices are :

1st matrix
2 3
4 5

2nd matrix
6 7
8 9

Multiplication :
36 41
64 73

Do by yourself :

WAP to perform multiplication of two 3*2 matrices

4) WAP to find transpose of a matrix

// Transpose of a matrix

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int mat[100][100] , t[100][100];

int r,c, a,b,k;

printf("\n Enter the value of row & column \n");

scanf("%d%d",&r,&c);

printf("\Enter the i/p for matrix \n");

for(a=0 ; a<r ; a++ )
{
for(b=0 ; b<c; b+=1)
{
scanf("%d",&mat[a][b]);
}
}
printf("\n matrix :\n");

for(a=0 ; a<r ; a++ )

{
for(b=0 ; b<c; b+=1)
{
printf("%d\t",mat[a][b]);
}
printf("\n");
}
for(a=0; a<r ; a++ )
{
for(b=0;b<c;b++)
{
t[b][a] = mat[a][b];
}
}
 printf("\n Transpose of a matrix is :\n");
for(b=0;b<c;b++)
{
for(a=0;a<r;a++)
{
printf("\t %d",t[b][a]);
}
printf("\n");
}

O/P:-
Enter the value of row & column
2
3
enter the i/p for matrix
2
3
4
5
6
7
matrix :
2 3 4
5 6 7

Transpose of a matrix is :
2 5
3 6
4 7
Do by yourself :

WAP to calculate transpose of 3*2 matrice

5) WAP to check given matrix is a sparse matrix

// sparse matrix

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int mat[100][100] , r, c,count=0,a,b;

printf("\n Enter the rows & column for i/p matrix\n");

scanf("%d%d",&r,&c);

printf("\n Enter the i/p matrix\n");

for(a=0; a<r; a++ )

{
for(b=0; b<c; b+=1)
{
scanf("%d",&mat[a][b]);
}
}

for(a=0; a<r; a++ )

{
for(b=0; b<c; b+=1)
{
if(mat[a][b] == 0 )
count++;
}
}
if(count > (r*c)/2)
printf("\n Given matrix is sparse matrix \n");
else
printf("\n Given matrix is non-sparse matrix\n");
}
O/P:-
Enter the rows & column for i/p matrix
2
3

Enter the i/p matrix

4
5
0
60
0
0

Given matrix is non-sparse matrix