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This publication is an essential navigation tool and practical application guide for con-
struction lawyers, consultants, employers and contractors. Dr Donald Charrett as editor
and his impressive team of expert contributors commendably achieved the aim of expertly
identifying and lucidly explaining and illustrating the applicable laws that may impact on
the operation of FIDIC contracts in Africa and the Middle East, the execution of the works
and the determination of disputes arising therefrom.
Tjaart van der Walt, Senior Counsel of the Maisels
Group of Advocates in Sandton, FCIArb, FAArb,
Construction ADR Practitioner and Vice-chair of the
Association of Arbitrators (Southern Africa)
The management of a construction contract is the management of risk. This book is essen-
tial reading for any contractor or consultant wanting to work or working in the African or
Middle East regions, to understand the commercial and legal risks that might be encoun-
tered, finding some appropriate risk responses and where additional information can be
sourced.
Ian Massey, CEng, FICE, MSAICE, Director MDA
Consulting (Pty) Ltd, FIDIC Presidents List Adjudicator
This is another valuable book in the series that FIDIC users in the international commu-
nity must have at hand. The introduction chapter at the start of this book helpfully covers
some of the most pertinent, current issues such as key construction law principles, lex
constructionis and COVID-19-related matters. The practical insight in this book gives
readers a penetrative understanding of international construction contracts in our modern
world, and good guidance on the effective use of FIDIC contracts.
Yvonne Foo, Partner, Harry Elias Partnership
A crucial compendium written by some of the most knowledgeable FIDIC practitioners.
Practical and focused on regions that are often undeservedly overlooked, this book is a
game-changer and sure to become an indispensable resource for anyone who aspires to
excel in contract administration and legal aspects of the construction sector.
Aarta Alkarimi, FCIArb, Founding Partner,
Chrysalis LLP
An important book that is sure to be welcomed by construction practitioners in Africa and
the Middle East which superbly addresses important aspects of local law in the context of
the FIDIC suite of contracts and in which the expertise of the chapter authors and editor
shines through. Recommended!
Adrian Cole, FZ LLE, Independent Arbitrator
and Mediator
 FIDIC CONTRACTS IN AFRICA AND
THE MIDDLE EAST

FIDIC contracts are the most widely used contracts for international construction around
the world and are used in many different jurisdictions, both common law and civil law. For
any construction project, the General Conditions of Contract published by FIDIC need to
be supplemented by Particular Conditions that specify the specific requirements of that
project.
FIDIC Contracts in Africa and the Middle East: A Practical Guide to Application pro-
vides readers with detailed guidance and resources for the preparation of the Particular
Conditions that will comply with the requirements of the laws that apply to the site where
the work is carried out, and for the governing law of the contract, for a number of the
jurisdictions in which FIDIC contracts are or can be used. This book closely follows the
format of The International Application of FIDIC Contracts. Each jurisdiction features an
outline of its construction industry and information on the impact of COVID-19 on both
the execution and operation of construction contracts.
This book is essential reading for construction professionals, lawyers and students of
construction law.

Dr Donald Charrett is a barrister, arbitrator, mediator, expert and dispute board member
practising in technology, engineering and construction (TEC) disputes. He is a member
of the FIDIC President’s List of Adjudicators and a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of
Arbitrators. He was named Best Construction Law Practitioner, Australia 2016 by Business
Worldwide Magazine. His legal publications include articles on expert evidence, FIDIC
contracts, dispute boards, dispute avoidance and resolution, contract risk, forensic engi-
neering, contractual lessons from past projects, design and construct contracts, quantum
meruit and solidary liability.
 PRACTICAL LEGAL GUIDES FOR CONSTRUCTION AND
TECHNOLOGY PROJECTS
Series Editor: Donald Charrett

The books in this series provide lawyers and construction professionals with the relevant
knowledge, resources and practical guidance to understand the contemporary construc-
tion industry and the law necessary to achieve successful outcomes for construction
projects. The topics covered include front-end issues such as project procurement, the
production, negotiation and administration of contracts, and the avoidance of disputes, as
well as backend issues such as taking part in, managing or resolving disputes. The series
aims to keep abreast of the technologies that have increasing impact in changing tradi-
tional ways of working, contracting and resolving disputes.

FIDIC CONTRACTS IN ASIA PACIFIC

A Practical Guide to Application
Donald Charrett

CONTRACTS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND ENGINEERING PROJECTS

Second Edition
Donald Charrett

CONTRACTS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS

An International Guide to Application
Philip Loots and Donald Charrett

FIDIC CONTRACTS IN EUROPE

A Practical Guide to Application
Donald Charrett

FIDIC CONTRACTS IN THE AMERICAS

A Practical Guide to Application
Donald Charrett

FIDIC CONTRACTS IN AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST

A Practical Guide to Application
Donald Charrett

For more information, please visit: www.routledge.com/Practical-Legal-Guides-for

-Construction-and-Technology-Projects/book-series/PLGCTP
FIDIC CONTRACTS IN AFRICA AND
THE MIDDLE EAST

A P R A C T I C A L G U I D E T O A P P L I C AT I O N

EDITED BY DONALD CHARRETT

Cover image: Donald Charrett

First published 2024

by Informa Law from Routledge
4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Informa Law from Routledge

605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158

Informa Law from Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

© 2024 selection and editorial matter, Donald Charrett; individual chapters, the contributors

The right of Donald Charrett to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for
their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by
any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying
and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used
only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 9781032074399 (hbk)

ISBN: 9781032074405 (pbk)
ISBN: 9781003206910 (ebk)

DOI: 10.4324/9781003206910

Typeset in Times New Roman

by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India
This book is dedicated with grateful thanks to my wife, Jeyami,
without whose continuing understanding of and tolerance for the time
consuming demands entailed by my writing activities, this book would
not have been possible.
 CONTENTS

List of figures xi
List of tables xii
About the editor xiii
Table of cases xiv
Table of legislation xviii
List of contributors xxx
Acknowledgements xxxviii
Foreword xl

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
Dr Donald Charrett

CHAPTER 2 THE FIDIC GOLDEN PRINCIPLES 44

Dr Donald Charrett

CHAPTER 3 PREPARATION OF PARTICULAR CONDITIONS 54

Dr Donald Charrett

CHAPTER 4 APPLYING FIDIC CONTRACTS IN ANGOLA 74

Miguel Lorena Brito and João Rocha de Almeida

CHAPTER 5 APPLYING FIDIC CONTRACTS IN EGYPT 99

Dr Mohamed S Abdel Wahab and Dr Waleed El Nemr

CHAPTER 6 APPLYING FIDIC CONTRACTS IN ETHIOPIA 141

Belachew Asteray Demiss and Zenawi Mehari Limenih

CHAPTER 7 APPLYING FIDIC CONTRACTS IN JORDAN 168

Husni Madi and Firas Malhas

CHAPTER 8 APPLYING FIDIC CONTRACTS IN KENYA 204

Barasa Ongeti

ix
 CONTENTS

CHAPTER 9 APPLYING FIDIC CONTRACTS IN NIGERIA 233

Abba Usman Jaafar, Michael Uche Ukponu and Yusuf Sulayman

CHAPTER 10 APPLYING FIDIC CONTRACTS IN SOUTH AFRICA 281

Johan Beyers

CHAPTER 11 APPLYING FIDIC CONTRACTS IN TÜRKIYE 318

S Aslı Budak and Levent Irmak

CHAPTER 12 APPLYING FIDIC CONTRACTS IN THE UNITED

ARAB EMIRATES 346
Erin Miller Rankin, Samantha Lord Hill and Jamie Calvy

CHAPTER 13 APPLYING FIDIC CONTRACTS IN ZAMBIA 378

James Banda and Johan Beyers

Glossary 423
Index 441

x
 FIGURES

1.1 Oxford Stringency Index – Zambia, Egypt, Ethiopia and Angola. 28

1.2 Oxford Stringency Index – Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa. 29
1.3 Oxford Stringency Index – Jordan, Türkiye and the UAE. 30

xi
 TA B L E S

1.1 FIDIC Conditions of Contract for contracts between Employer and Contractor 16
1.2 Order of precedence of Contract documents in the FIDIC rainbow suite 19
1.3 Country accessions to international conventions and agreements 36
1.4 Editions of FIDIC Conditions of Contract for contracts between Employer
and Contractor 43
3.1 Contract Data in 2017 Yellow Book, annotated with default provisions 70
13.1 Contractor registrations in Zambia by grade and category 390

xii
 ABOUT THE EDITOR

Dr Donald Charrett BE(Hons), LLB(Hons), MConstLaw, PhD, ProfCertArb, Dip

International Arbitration, FIEAust, FCIArb
Dr Charrett is a barrister, arbitrator, mediator, expert and dispute board member practising
in technology, engineering and construction (TEC) disputes. Prior to joining the Victorian Bar,
he worked as a solicitor at a large Australian law firm. His construction law briefs have included
litigation, mediation, expert determination, facilitation of experts’ conferences, arbitration and
membership of dispute boards. He is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators and a
member of the FIDIC President’s List of Adjudicators. He was named Best Construction Law
Practitioner, Australia 2016 by Business Worldwide Magazine. In 2019, 2020 and 2021, Who’s
Who Legal included him on their list of Thought Leaders: Construction, saying ‘Donald
Charrett is looked on with enormous favour by sources for his vast experience in construction
and engineering disputes’ and ‘Donald is an excellent and knowledgeable lawyer’.
Prior to becoming a lawyer, he worked as an engineer for over 30 years, including
12 years as a director of a consulting engineering firm. Dr Charrett’s engineering experi-
ence included computer applications, structural design, managing engineering projects,
acting as an expert witness and management roles in contract negotiation and administra-
tion, insurance, international joint ventures and corporate restructuring. From 2012 to
2014 he was the non-executive chairman of the consulting engineering company AMOG.
Dr Charrett has published widely on legal and engineering subjects and has presented
conference papers, workshops and training courses in Australia and internationally. He is
a Senior Fellow at the University of Melbourne, teaching a Master of Construction Law
subject on international construction law.
His legal publications include articles on expert evidence, FIDIC contracts, dispute
boards, dispute avoidance and resolution, contract risk, forensic engineering, contrac-
tual lessons from past projects, design and construct contracts, quantum meruit, soli-
dary liability, construction insurance, professional indemnity
insurance and reinsurance. He is the author of Contracts for
Construction and Engineering Projects; a joint author of
Contracts for Infrastructure Projects: An International Guide,
The Application of Contracts in Developing Oil and Gas
Projects and Practical Guide to Engineering and Construction
Contracts; and the editor of FIDIC Contracts in the Americas,
FIDIC Contracts in Europe, FIDIC Contracts in Asia Pacific,
The International Application of FIDIC Contracts: A Practical
Guide and Global Challenges, Shared Solutions.

xiii
 TA B L E O F C A S E S

Australia
Akai Pty Ltd v. People’s Insurance Co Limited [1996] HCA 39; (1996) 188 CLR 418.............. 10
Attorney-General of Botswana v. Aussie Diamond Products Pty Ltd (No 3) [2010]
WASC 14 .............................................................................................................................. 10
Bonython v. the Commonwealth of Australia (1950) 81 CLR 486; [1951] AC 201 .................... 10
Garsec v. His Majesty the Sultan of Brunei [2008] NSWCA 211........................................... 9–10
John Pfeiffer v. Rogerson (2000) 203 CLR 503........................................................................... 10
Mendelsohn-Zeller Inc v. T&C Providores Pty Ltd [1981] NSWLR 366 ................................... 10
Nelson v. Nelson [1995] HCA 25; (1995) 184 CLR 538 ................................................................ 8

Kenya
Euromec International Limited v. Shandong Taikai Power Engineering Company Limited
(Civil Case E527 of 2020) [2021] KEHC 93 (KLR) (Commercial and Tax)......................218
Mahan Limited v. Villa Care Limited [2021] eKLR ................................................................. 230
Mahan Limited v. Villa Care ML HC Misc. Civil App. No. 216 of 2018 [2019] eKLR ........... 222
Ministry of Environment and Forestry v. Kiarigi Building Contractors & another
[2020] eKLR............................................................................................................... 221, 222
Narok County Government v. Prime Tech Engineering Ltd [2017] eKLR ...................... 220, 222
Omar Gorhan v. Municipal Council of Malindi (Council Government of Kilifi) v.
Overlook Management Kenya Ltd [2020] eKLR .............................................................. 220
Republic v. Director General of Kenya National Highways Authority (DG) & 3
others Ex-parte Dhanjal Brothers Limited [2018] eKLR .................................................. 222
William Odhiambo Ramogi & 3 others v. Attorney General & 4 others; Muslims for Human
Rights & 2 others (Interested Parties) [2020] eKLR......................................................... 222

Malaysia
Ooi Boon Long v. Citibank NA [1984] 1 M.L.J. 222 (Malaysian Privy Council)........................ 7

Nigeria
Acmel Nigeria Limited v. FBN Plc (2014) LPELR-22444 (CA), 14–15, 26.............................. 259
Adamen Publishers (Nig.) Ltd v. Abhulimen (2016) 6 NWLR (pt. 1509) 431 (CA) ................. 278
Adetula v. Akinyosoye (2017) 16 NWLR (pt. 1592) 492 CA.................................................... 268
African Natural Resources & Mines Ltd v. SS Minerals Resources Ltd (2021) LPELR-
55151(CA) ........................................................................................................................... 261
AG Lagos State v. AG Federation & Ors. (2003) LPELR-620(SC), 187–189 ........................... 245
Ahmadu Bello University v. VTLS Inc. (2020) LPELR-52142 (CA), 12–18 ............................ 256
Alkamawa v. Bello (1998) 8 NWLR (pt. 561) 173; (1998) 6 SCNJ 127 .................................... 236
Arfo Construction Co. Ltd. v. Minister of Works & Anor (2018) LPELR-46711(CA)............. 258
Aribisala Properties Ltd. v. Adepoju (2015) LPELR-25589(CA), 33 ........................................ 258
Asaka v. Raminkura (2015) All FWLR (pt. 787) 774 (CA) ...................................................... 262
Atolagbe v. Awuni (1997) 9 NWLR (pt. 522) 536 SC............................................... 268, 269, 277
Barde v. Honourable Minister of Health & Ors (2017) LPELR-42998(CA), 17–18.................. 265

xiv
 TA B L E O F C A S E S

Beaumont Resources Limited & Anor v. DWC Drilling Limited (2017)

LPELR-42814 (CA), 49–50 ................................................................................................ 255
Bill & Brothers Ltd & Ors v. Dantata & Sawoe Construction Co. (Nig) Ltd & Ors (2015)
LPELR- 24770(CA), 10–12 ................................................................................................ 257
Confidence Insurance Ltd v. Trustees of O.S.C.E (1999) 2 NWLR (pt. 591) 373 (CA) ........... 279
Corona Schiffah R. MBH & Co. v. Emespo J. Continental Ltd (2002)
NWLR (pt. 753) 205 CA ............................................................................................ 268–269
Damac Star Properties LLC v. Profitel Limited & Anor (2020)
LPELR-50699 (CA), 44–52................................................................................................ 255
Doleman & Sons v. Ossett Corporation (1912) 3 K.B. (C.A.) 257 ............................................ 279
Dyson Tech. Ltd. v. Nulec Ind. Plc. & Registrar General of Trademarks (2017) LPELR-
50572(CA), 10–11............................................................................................................... 265
Egbe v. Adefarasin (1985) 1 NWLR (pt. 3) 549 ........................................................................ 268
Esso Petroleum and Production Nigeria Ltd & SNEPCO v. NNPC (Unreported)
Appeal No CA/A/507/2012 ................................................................................................ 265
Famfa Oil Ltd v. AG Federation & Anor (2007) LPELR-9023(CA)......................................... 261
FGN & Ors v. Zebra Energy Ltd. (2002) LPELR-3172(SC), 18 ................................................ 258
Fugro Subsea LLC v. Petrolog Limited (2021) LPELR-53133 (CA), 67–74.............................. 256
Hasting v. Nigerian Railway Corporation (1964) Lagos High Court Reports 135................... 279
Hull Blyth (Nig) Limited v. Jetmove Publishing Limited (2018)
LPELR-44115 (CA), 8–25 .................................................................................................. 256
Kano State Government & Anor v. A.S.J. Global Links (Nig.) Ltd (2017)
LPELR-46215(CA) ............................................................................................................. 246
Kano State Urban Development Board (K.S.U.D.B.) v. Fanz Construction Ltd (1990)
LPELR-1659(SC)................................................................................................................ 279
KSUDB v. Fanz Construction Ltd (1990) 4 NWLR (pt. 142) 1, 32–33 (SC) ............................ 264
Lagos State Water Corporation v. Sakamort Construction (Nig) Ltd (2011)
12 NWLR (pt. 1262) 569.............................................................................................257, 270
Lignes Aeriennes Congolaises v. Air Atlantic (Nig.) Limited (2005
) LPELR-5808 (CA), 29–37................................................................................................ 256
Majekodunmi & Anor v. National Bank of Nigeria Ltd. (1978) LPELR-1825(SC), 11 ............ 258
Mekwunye v. Imoukhuede (2019) LPELR-48996(SC) ............................................................. 246
Nasir v. Civil Service Commission, Kano (2007) 5 NWLR (pt. 1190) 253 SC........................ 268
Niger Progress Ltd v. North East Line Corporation (1989) 3 NWLR (pt. 107) 68 (SC) .......... 279
Nika Fishing Co. Limited v. Lavina Corporation (2008) LPELR-2035 (SC), 16–23 ............... 255
Obembe v. Wemabod Estates Ltd (1977) LPELR-2161(SC)...................................................... 279
Onward Enterprises Ltd v. MV ‘Matrix’ (2010) 2 NWLR (pt. 1179) 530 (CA)........................ 279
Owners of the MV ‘Arabella’ v. Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Cooperation (2008)
11 NWLR (pt. 1097) 182.................................................................................................... 268
Oyewumi v. Ogunesan (1990) LPELR-2880(SC) 46................................................................. 236
R.C. Omeaku & Sons Ltd v. Rainbownet Ltd (2014) 6 NWLR (pt. 1401) 516 ..................257, 270
Sacoil 281 (Nig) Ltd & Anor v. Transnational Corporation of Nigeria Plc (2020)
LPELR-49761(CA) 45–61 .................................................................................................. 246
Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Nigeria Ltd v. Federal Inland Revenue Service
(Unreported) Appeal No CA/A/208/2012 ......................................................................... 265
Sino-Afric Agriculture & Ind Company Ltd & Ors v. Ministry of Finance
Incorporation & Anor (2013) LPELR-22370(CA) 27–30 .................................................. 246
Sonnar (Nig) Limited & Anor v. Partnenreedri M.S Nordwind & Anor (1987)
LPELR-3494 (SC), 31................................................................................................. 255, 256
Travelport Global Distribution Systems BV v. Bellview Airlines Ltd (2012)
WL 3925856 (SDNY Sept. 10, 2012)................................................................................. 246
United World Ltd Inc. v. Mobile Telecommunications Services Ltd (1998) 10
NWLR (pt. 568) 106 (CA).................................................................................................. 264
West London Diary Society Ltd. v. Abbot (1881) 44 L.T. 376 .................................................. 279
Yinusa v. Adesubokan (1971) All NLR 227 .............................................................................. 236

xv
 TA B L E O F C A S E S

Phillippines
Lambert v. Fox 26 Phil 588 [Philippines]...................................................................................... 8

South Africa
ABSA Bank Ltd v. Fouche 2003(1) SA 176 (SCA).................................................................... 307
Bank v. Grusd (1939) TPD 286.................................................................................................. 304
Barkhuizen v. Napier (2007) (5) SA 323 (CC) .................................................................. 303, 304
Basil Read (Pty) Ltd v. Regent Devco (Pty) Ltd (unreported).................................................. 313
Beadica 231 CC and Others v. Trustees, Oregon Trust and Others 2020 (5) SA 247 (CC)...... 305
Bon Quelle (Edms) Bpk v. Munisipaliteit van Otavi (1989) (1) SA 508 (A)............................. 306
Brisley v. Drotsky 2002(4) SA 1 (SCA)..................................................................................... 304
Conradie v. Rossouw (1919) AD 279......................................................................................... 303
Cool Ideas 1186 CC v. Hubbard and Another 2014 (4) SA 474 (CC) ........................................ 289
Dalinga Beleggings (Pty) Ltd v. Antina (Pty) Ltd 1977(2) SA 56 (A).......................................316
Deloitte Haskins & Sells v. Bowthorpe Hellerman Deutsch 1991(1) SA 525 (A) .....................316
Ellerine Brothers (Pty) Ltd v. McCarthy Ltd 2014(4) SA 22 (SCA) ......................................... 309
Evins v. Shield Insurance Co Ltd 1980(2) SA 814 (A) ...............................................................316
Freeman NO and another v. Eskom Holdings Ltd [2010] JOL 25357 (GSJ)............................. 313
Goldblatt v. Freemantle (1920) AD 123..................................................................................... 303
Group Five Construction (Pty) Ltd v. Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry
(3916/05) [2010] ZAGPPHC36 ............................................................................................316
Jigger Properties CC v. Maynard NO and others (2017) (4) SA 569 (KZP) ............................. 306
McCarthy Retail Ltd v. Shortdistance Carriers CC (2010) (3) SA 482 (SCA).......................... 306
National Home Builders Registration Council and Another v. Xantha Properties
18 (Pty) Ltd 2019 (5) SA 424 (SCA) .................................................................................. 289
Nino Bonino v. De Lange (1906) TS 120 .................................................................................. 306
Novartis SA (Pty) Ltd and Another v. Maphil Trading (Pty) Ltd (2016) (1) SA 518 (SCA)..... 303
Peters, Flamman & Co v. Kokstad Municipality 1919 AD 427 ................................................ 300
Pretorius and Another v. Natal South Sea Investment Trust Ltd
(under Judicial Management) 1965(3) SA 410 (W) ........................................................... 307
QwaQwa Regeringsdiens v. Martin Harris & Seuns OVS (Edms) Bpk 2000(3)
SA 339 (SCA) 355 ...............................................................................................................316
Secure Electronics v. The City of Cape Town [2017] ZAWCHC 95..........................................316
Smith v. Mouton 1977(3) SA 9 (W) ............................................................................................316
Stefanutti Stocks (Pty) Ltd v. S8 Property (Pty) Ltd [2013] ZAGPJHC 388 ............................ 313
Stocks and Stocks (Cape) (Pty) Ltd v. Gordon and others NNO 1993(1) SA 156 (T) .............. 313
Telecordia Technologies Inc v. Telkom SA Ltd 2007(3) SA 266 (SCA) ................................... 313
Thomas Construction (Pty) Ltd (in liquidation) v. Grafton Furniture Manufacturers
(Pty) Ltd 1988(2) SA 546 (A) 563 G...................................................................................316
Thoroughbred Breeders’ Association v. Price Waterhouse 2001(4) SA 551 (A) .......................316
Trollip v. Jordaan 1961(1) SA 238 (A)........................................................................................ 307
Tubular Holdings (Pty) Ltd v. DBT Technologies (Pty) Ltd 2014(1) SA 244 (GSJ)................. 313
United Building Society v. Smookler’s Trustees and Golambick’s Trustee (1906) TS 623..... 306
Walker v. Syfront NO 1911 AD 141........................................................................................... 309
Wells v. South African Aluminite Company 1927 AD 69........................................................ 307
Wilma Petru Kooij v. Middleground Trading 251 CC and Another (1249/18) [2020]
ZASCA 45 .................................................................................................................. 299, 300

United Kingdom
Bremer Handelgesellschaft mbH v. Vanden Avenne Izegem nv [1978] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 113 .... 420
Fiona Trust & Holding Corp v. Privalov [2007] UKHL 40; [2007] All ER 951 ........................ 26
Insaat Ve Sanayi AS v. OOO Insurance Company (Enka Insaat) [2020] UKSC 38.................. 59
Power Curber International Ltd v. National Bank of Kuwait [1981] 1 WLR 1233..................... 10
Printing and Numeral Registering Co. v. Sampson (1875) L. R. 19 Eq., 462............................... 7
Vita Food Products Inc v. Unus Shipping Co Ltd [1939] AC 277............................................... 10

xvi
 TA B L E O F L E G I S L AT I O N
United Kingdom
Arbitration Act 1996 (UK)....................... 117
art 46 .................................................... 117
Bribery Act 2010 (UK) ..............................26
Housing Grants, Construction and
Regeneration Act 1996 (UK) ...............6
Human Rights Act 1998 (UK) .....................6
Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts)
Act, 1943 (UK).................................226
Zambia
Act No. 2 of 2016...................................... 381
Arbitration Act No. 19 of 2000 ....... 397, 402,
409, 415
s 10 ....................................................... 416
s 14 ....................................................... 411
s 17 ........................................ 397, 401, 416
Arbitration (Code of Conduct and
Standards) Regulations Statutory
Instrument No. 12 of 2007 ............... 416
Arbitration (Court Proceedings) Rules
Statutory Instrument No. 75
of 2001.............................................. 416
British Acts Extension Act....................... 382
Citizen Economic Empowerment Act,
No. 9 of 2006 (the CEE Act) ............ 394
s 19 ....................................................... 394
s 20 ....................................................... 394
s 21(1) ................................................... 394
s 21(2)(b)............................................... 394
Companies Act No. 10 of 2017.................420
Constitutional Court Act No. 8 of 2016 ... 382
Constitution of the Republic of Zambia
art (1).................................................... 381
art 4(3).................................................. 381
art 7 ...................................................... 381
art 119................................................... 382
art 120 .................................................. 383
art 125 .................................................. 385
art 125(3) .............................................. 385
art 128 .................................................. 386
art 128(2).............................................. 386
art 130 .................................................. 385
art 131(1)............................................... 385
art 132 .................................................. 385
art 133 ..................................................384
art 133(2) ..............................................384
art 134 ..................................................384
art 140 ..................................................384
art 141(1)(a)........................................... 386
art 141(1)(b) ......................................... 387
art 141(1)(c)........................................... 385
art 141(1)(d) .......................................... 385
art 266 .................................................. 382
xxviii
Corporate Insolvency Act No. 9
of 2017 ..............................................420
Court of Appeal Act No. 7
of 2016 ...................................... 382, 385
Employment Code Act No. 3
of 2019 ..............................................390
s 74 ............................................... 407, 419
Employment Code (Exemptions)
Regulations, Statutory
Instrument No. 48 of 2020 ............... 399
Engineering Institute of Zambia Act.
No.17 of 2010....................................390
English Law (Extent of Application) Act
s 2 ......................................................... 382
Environmental Management Act, No.
12 of 2011 ......................................... 391
Explosives Act......................................... 391
Factories Act ............................................ 391
High Court Act......................................... 382
s 13 .......................................................402
Industrial and Labour Relations
Act ............................................ 382, 390
Investment Disputes
Convention Act................................. 416
Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts)
Act ....................................................400
Law Reform (Miscellaneous
Provisions) Act
s 10(1) ...................................................420
Laws of Zambia
Chapter 25.................................... 382, 385
Chapter 27....................................382, 402
Chapter 28.................................... 382, 383
Chapter 29.................................... 382, 383
Chapter 30............................................ 398
Chapter 42 ........................................... 416
Chapter 47.................................... 382, 383
Chapter 69..................... 404, 405, 417, 418
Chapter 73............................................400
Chapter 74............................................420
Chapter 115 .......................................... 391
Chapter 207..........................................390
Chapter 269.................................. 382, 390
Chapter 276..........................................390
Chapter 438..........................................390
Chapter 441.......................................... 391
Chapter 442..........................................390
Chapter 464.......................................... 395
Limitation of Actions Act 1939 ............... 382
s 2 .........................................................420
Local Courts Acts ............................ 382, 383
s 15 ....................................................... 383
s 58(2)................................................... 383
Minimum Wages and Conditions of
Employment Act...............................390
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quoted, considers this to be the principal cause of a gathered breast;
and, as the subject is of immense importance, I cannot do better than
give it in his own words, more especially as he has the merit of
originating and of bringing the subject prominently before his
professional brethren. He says: “This (mammary abscess or gathered
breast) is another form of disease entirely referable to the cause
under consideration [fruitless sucking]. In the case last related, the
formation of mammary abscess [gathered breast] was only just
prevented by arresting any further irritation of the breast by
suckling; and since I have kept careful notes of my cases, I have
observed that in all instances of abscess there has been abundant
evidence of a demand being made upon the gland for a supply of
milk beyond that which it had the power of secreting. If the child
only has been kept to the breast, then it has suffered with disordered
bowels; but in the majority of cases an additional irritation has been
applied; the commonly-received doctrine that a turgid breast is
necessarily overloaded with milk, leads mothers and nurses to the
use of breast-pumps, exhausted bottles, or even the application of
the powerful sucking powers of the nurse herself, to relieve the
breasts of their supposed excess; and it is this extraordinary
irritation which, in the majority of cases, determines the formation of
an abscess [gathering]. Sometimes these measures are adopted to
remove the milk when a woman is not going to suckle, and then an
abscess not unfrequently is established. I have previously alluded to
the mistake into which mothers and nurses are led by the appearance
of a swollen breast; it is not evidence that the gland can secrete
freely, and it is in this turgid state that the excessive irritation tells
most severely. This hyperæmic [plethoric] condition seems to be a
step toward inflammation, and the irritation supplies that which is
wanting to complete the process. If a woman will only remove the
child from the breast directly the act of sucking produces pain, she
may be pretty sure to avoid abscess. So long as the milk can be
obtained there is no pain.” The above most valuable advice deserves
great attention, and ought to be strictly followed.
693. How is a patient to know that she is about to have a
gathered bosom?—There are two forms of gathered breast; one being
of vast and the other of trifling importance. The first, the serious one,
consists of gathering of the structure of the gland of the breast itself;
the latter, merely of the superficial part of the bosom, and ought to
be treated in the same manner as any other external gathering, with
warm poultices.
694. In the mild or superficial kind of gathered bosom, the mother
may still persevere in suckling her child, as the secreting portion of
the breast is not at all implicated in the gathering; but in the severe
form, she ought not, on any account whatever, to be allowed to do so,
but should instantly wean her child from the affected side. The
healthy breast she may still continue to nurse from.
695. The important form of a gathered breast I will now describe:
A severe gathered bosom is always ushered in with a shivering fit. Let
this fact be impressed deeply upon my reader’s mind. This shivering
is either accompanied or followed by sharp lancinating pains of the
bosom. The breast now greatly enlarges, becomes hot, and is very
painful. The milk in the affected bosom either lessens or entirely
disappears. If the child be applied to the breast (which he ought not
to be), it gives the mother intense pain. She is now feverish and ill;
she loses her strength and appetite, and is very thirsty.
696. A medical man must, at the very onset of the shivering fit, be
sent for; and he will, in the generality of instances, be able to prevent
such a painful and distressing occurrence as a gathered breast. If
twelve hours be allowed to elapse after the shivering has taken place,
the chances are that the gathering cannot altogether be prevented;
although even then it may, by judicious treatment, be materially
lessened and ameliorated.
697. We sometimes hear of a poor woman suffering dreadfully for
months, and of her having a dozen or twenty holes in her bosom!
This is generally owing to the doctor not having been sent for
immediately after the shivering; I therefore cannot too strongly
insist, under such circumstances, upon a mother obtaining prompt
assistance, not only to obviate present suffering, but, at the same
time, to prevent the function of the breast from being injured, which
it inevitably, more or less, will be, if the important form of gathering
be allowed to take place.
698. When a nursing mother feels faint, she ought immediately to
lie down and to take a little nourishment; either a crust of bread and
a draught of ale or of porter, or a glass of wine, or a cup of tea with
the yelk of an egg beaten up in it, either of which will answer the
purpose extremely well. Brandy, or any other spirit, I would not
recommend, as it will only cause, as soon as the immediate effects of
the brandy are gone off, a greater depression to ensue; not only so,
but the frequent taking of brandy might become a habit—a necessity
which would be a calamity deeply to be deplored!
699. A mother is sometimes faint from suckling her child too
often, she having him almost constantly at the bosom. So long, of
course, as she continues this foolish practice, she must expect to
suffer from faintness.
700. Aperients, etc. during suckling.—Strong purgatives, during
this period, are highly improper, as they are apt to give pain to the
infant as well as to injure the mother. If it be absolutely necessary to
give an aperient, the mildest, such as a dose of castor oil, should be
chosen.
701. If she cannot take oil, then she should apply it externally to
the bowels as a liniment, as recommended at page 144.
702. An enema, either of warm water, or of gruel, oil, and table
salt,[124] applied by means of a good self-injecting enema apparatus,
is in such a case an excellent—indeed, the very best—method of
opening the bowels, as it neither interferes with the digestion of the
mother nor of the child.
703. The less opening medicine, whatever be the kind, a mother
who is suckling takes, the better will it be both for herself and for her
babe. Even castor oil, the least objectionable, during suckling, of
aperients, if she once begin to take it regularly, the bowels will not
act without it, and a wretched state of things is established. No, if the
bowels will not act, an enema is by far the best remedy; you can
never do any harm, either to the mother or to the babe, by the
administration of an enema; it will neither induce future
constipation, nor will it interfere with the digestion of the mother,
nor with the bowels, nor with the health of the infant.
704. When a lady who is nursing is habitually costive, she ought to
eat brown instead of white-bread. This will, in the majority of cases,
enable her to do without an aperient. The brown bread may be made
by mixing one part of bran and three parts of fine wheaten flour
together, and then making it in the usual way into bread. Treacle
instead of butter on the brown bread increases its efficacy as an
aperient.
 705. Either stewed prunes or stewed French plums are an excellent
remedy to prevent constipation. The patient ought to eat, every
morning, a dozen or fifteen of them. The best way to stew either
prunes or French plums is the following: Put a pound, either of
prunes or of French plums, and two tablespoonfuls of raw sugar,
into a brown jar; cover them with water, put them into a slow oven,
and stew them for three or four hours. Both stewed rhubarb and
stewed pears often act as mild or gentle aperients. Muscatel raisins,
eaten at dessert, will oftentimes, without medicine, relieve the
bowels.
706. A Bee-master in The Times, or, as he is usually called, The
Times Bee-master, has satisfactorily proved that honey—pure honey
—is most wholesome and beneficial to the human economy. He
recommends it to be occasionally eaten in lieu of butter for breakfast.
Butter, in some localities, and in some seasons of the year, is far from
good and wholesome.
707. The Germans are in the habit of eating for breakfast and for
tea a variety of fruit jams instead of butter with their bread. Now, if
the bowels be costive, jam is an excellent substitute for butter. The
Scotch, too, scarcely ever sit down either to breakfast or tea without
there being a pot of marmalade on the tables. English ladies, in this
matter, may well take a leaf out of the books of the Germans and of
the Scotch.
708. A basinful of gruel, made either with Robinson’s Patent
Groats, or with the Derbyshire oatmeal, sweetened with brown
sugar, every night for supper will often supersede the necessity of
giving opening medicine. A tumblerful of cold spring water—cold
from the pump—taken early every morning, sometimes effectually
relieves the bowels. Coffee ought to be substituted for tea for
breakfast, as coffee frequently acts as an aperient, more especially if
the coffee be sweetened with brown sugar. A glass of sherry should
be taken every day during dinner, as, if the bowels be sluggish, it
sometimes stimulates them to action. I should strongly recommend a
patient, in such a case, to eat a great variety of food, and to let the
vegetable element predominate. Much meat encourages
constipation. Fruit—Muscatel raisins especially—farinaceous food,
coffee, and a variety of vegetables, each and all incite the bowels to
do their duty.
 709. Although a nursing mother ought, more especially if she be
costive, to take a variety of well-cooked vegetables—such as potatoes,
asparagus, broccoli, cauliflower, French beans, stewed celery, and
turnips; she should avoid eating greens, cabbages, and pickles, as
they would be likely to affect the baby, and might cause him to suffer
from gripings, pain, and “looseness” of the bowels.
710. The “wet compress” is another excellent method of opening
the bowels. The way of applying it is as follows: Fold a large napkin a
few thicknesses until it is about half a foot square; then dip it in cold
water and place it over the bowels; over which apply either oilskin or
gutta-percha skin, which should be, in order to exclude the air,
considerably larger than the folded napkin. It should be kept in its
place by means of either a bolster-case or a broad bandage, and must
be applied at bedtime, and ought to remain on for three or four
hours, or until the bowels be opened.
711. Let me again—for it cannot be too urgently insisted upon—
strongly advise a nursing mother to use every means in the way of
diet, etc., to supersede the necessity of the taking of opening
medicine, as the repetition of aperients injures, and that severely,
both mother and child. Moreover, the more opening medicine a
person swallows, the more she requires; so that if she once get into
the habit of regularly taking aperients, the bowels will not act
without them. What a miserable existence, to be always swallowing
physic!
712. If a lady, then, during the period of suckling, were to take
systematic exercise in the open air; to bustle about the house and to
attend to her household duties; if she were to drink, the moment she
awakes in the morning, a tumbler of cold water, and every day
during dinner a glass of sherry; if she were to substitute brown
bread for white bread, and coffee for tea at breakfast, and brown for
white sugar; if she were to vary her food, both animal and vegetable,
and partake plentifully of sound ripe fruit; if she were to use an
abundance of cold water to her skin; if she were, occasionally, at
bedtime, to apply a “wet compress” to her bowels, and to visit the
water-closet daily at one hour; if she were—even if the bowels were
not opened for four or five days—not to take an aperient of any kind
whatever, and avoid quacking herself with physic; in short, if she
would adopt the above safe and simple remedies, which are in the
reach of all, she would not suffer so much from costiveness, which is
frequently the bane, the misery, and the curse of her existence! But
then, to get the bowels into a proper and healthy state, it would take
both time and trouble; and how readily can a couple of pills be
swallowed, and how quickly they act, and how soon they have to be
repeated; until at length the bowels will not act at all unless goaded
into action, and the pills become a necessity! Oh, the folly and the
mischief of such a system!

WEANING.

713. There is an old saying, “that a woman should carry her child
nine months, and should suckle him nine months.” It is well known
that the first part of the old adage is correct, and experience has
proved the latter to be equally so. If a babe be weaned before he be
nine months, he loses that muscular strength which the breast-milk
alone can give; if he be suckled after he be nine months, he becomes
flabby, weak, and delicate. “It is generally recognized that the
healthiest children are those weaned at nine months complete.
Prolonged nursing hurts both child and mother; in the child, causing
a tendency to brain disease, probably through disordered digestion
and nutrition; in the mother, causing a strong tendency to deafness
and blindness. It is a very singular fact, to which it is desirable that
attention were paid, that in those districts of Scotland—viz., the
Highland and insular—where the mothers suckle their infants from
fourteen to eighteen months, deaf-dumbness and blindness prevail
to a very much larger extent among the people than in districts
where nine or ten months is the usual limit of the nursing
period.”[125]
714. The time, then, when an infant ought to be weaned.—“This, of
course, must depend upon the strength of the child, and upon the
health of the mother: nine months on an average is the proper time.
If she be delicate, it may be found necessary to wean him at six
months; or if he be weak, or laboring under any disease, it may be
well to continue suckling him for twelve months; but after that time
the breast will do him more harm than good, and will, moreover,
injure the mother’s health.”[126]
 715. If he be suckled after he be twelve months old, he is generally
pale, flabby, unhealthy, and rickety; and the mother is usually
nervous, emaciated, and hysterical. A child who is suckled beyond
the proper time, more especially if there be any predisposition,
sometimes dies either of water on the brain, or of consumption of the
lungs, or of mesenteric disease.
716. The manner in which a mother ought to act when she weans
her child.—“She must, as the word signifies, do it gradually—that is
to say, she should by degrees give him less and less of the breast, and
more and more of artificial food; she ought, at length, only to suckle
him at night; and lastly, it would be well for the mother either to
send him away, or to leave him at home, and for a few days to go
away herself.”[127]
717. “A good plan is for the nurse to have in the bed a half-pint
bottle of new milk, which, to prevent it from turning sour, has been
previously boiled, so as to give a little to the child in lieu of the
breast. The warmth of the body will keep the milk of a proper
temperature; and will supersede the use of lamps, of candle-frames,
and other troublesome contrivances.”[128]
718. If the mother be not able to leave home herself, or to send her
child from home, she ought then to let the child sleep in another
room, with some responsible person—I say responsible person, for a
baby must not be left to the tender mercies of a giggling, thoughtless
young girl.
719. If the mother, during the daytime, cannot resist having her
child in the room with her, then I should advise her to make a paste
of aloes—that is to say, let her mix a little powdered aloes with a few
drops of water, until it be of the consistence of paste—and let her
smear it on the nipple every time just before putting him to the
breast; this will be quite enough for him; and one or two aloe
applications to the nipple will make him take a disgust to the bosom,
and thus the weaning will be accomplished. A mother need not be
afraid that the aloes will injure her baby; the minute quantity he will
swallow will do no harm; for the moment he tastes it, the aloes being
extremely bitter, he will splutter it out of his mouth.
720. Another application for the nipple, to effect weaning, is
wormwood. There are two ways of applying it, either (1) by
sprinkling a very small pinch of powdered wormwood on the nipple;
or (2) by bathing the nipple with a small quantity of wormwood tea
just before applying the babe to it—either the one or the other of
these plans will make him take a dislike to the breast, and thus the
weaning will be accomplished. Wormwood is excessively bitter and
disagreeable, and a slight quantity of it on the nipple will cause an
infant to turn away from it with loathing and disgust—the
wormwood, the minute quantity he will taste, will not at all injure
him. Wormwood was in Shakspeare’s time used for the purpose of
weaning:
“And she was wean’d,—I never shall forget it—
Of all the days of the year upon that day:
For I had then laid wormwood to my dug [breast],
Sitting in the sun under the dove-house wall,
My lord and you were then at Mantua:
Nay, I do bear a brain: but, as I said,
When it did taste the wormwood on the nipple
Of my dug, and felt it bitter, pretty fool!
To see it tetchy, and fall out with the dug.”[129]

721. The best way of “drying up the milk” is to apply to each breast
soap plaster (emplastrum saponis), spread on soft pieces of wash-
leather, the shape and size of the top of a hat, with a round hole the
size of a shilling in the middle of each to admit the nipple, and with a
slit from the center to the circumference of each plaster to make a
better fit. These plasters ought to be spread by a chemist.
722. When the child is once weaned, the breasts ought not to be
drawn, as the drawing of them would cause them to secrete larger
quantities of milk; if, therefore, the bosoms be ever so full or
uncomfortable, a mother ought to leave them alone; she should wait
patiently, and the milk will gradually diminish, and will at length
disappear.
723. The drawing of the bosoms, during weaning, either by means
of a breast-pump, or by the mouth, or by other like contrivances, has
frequently caused gathered breasts. If not drawn, they scarcely, if
ever, gather.
724. The foregoing plan of “drying up the milk” will generally in
five or six days assuage the milk away; but if, at the end of three days,
the bosoms still continue full and uncomfortable, the plasters should
be removed, and the breasts ought, every four hours, to be well but
tenderly rubbed with equal parts of olive oil and of eau de Cologne;
the nurse supporting the bosom, during such friction, with her other
hand.
725. Let me impress the above important advice on a nursing
mother’s mind; it might save a great deal of after-suffering and
misery.
726. It might be well to state that, after the child has been weaned,
the milk does not always entirely leave the breast, not even for
weeks, and, in some cases, not even for months; it is not of the
slightest consequence, and requires no treatment to get rid of it.
727. A mother ought, during the period of weaning, to live
abstemiously, and should drink as little as possible. In many cases, it
is necessary to give, every morning, for two or three mornings, a few
doses of mild aperient medicine, such as either a Seidlitz powder, or
a teaspoonful of Henry’s magnesia and a teaspoonful of Epsom salts
in half a tumbler of warm water.
728. Symptoms denoting the necessity of weaning.—A mother
sometimes cannot suckle her child; the attempt bringing on a train of
symptoms somewhat similar to the following: singing in the ears;
dimness of sight; aching of the eyeballs; throbbing in the head;
nervousness; hysterics; tremblings; faintness; loss of appetite and of
flesh; fluttering and palpitation of the heart; feelings of great
exhaustion; indigestion; costiveness; sinking sensations of the
stomach; pains in the left side; great weakness and dragging pains of
the loins, which are usually increased whenever the infant is put to
the bosom; pallor of the countenance; shortness of breath; swelling
of the ankles.
729. Of course, every mother who is suffering from suckling does
not have the whole of the above long catalogue of symptoms! But if
she has three or four of the more serious of them, she ought not to
disobey the warnings, but should discontinue nursing; although it
may be necessary, if the babe himself be not old enough to wean, to
obtain a healthy wet-nurse to take her place.
730. Remember, then, that if the above warning symptoms be
disregarded, dangerous consequences, both to parent and child,
might be the result. It might either throw the mother into a
consumption, or it might bring on heart disease; and, in consequence
of his not being able to obtain sufficient or proper nourishment, it
might cause the infant to dwindle and pine away, and, eventually, to
die of water on the brain.
731. Soon after nine months’ nursing, “the monthly courses”
generally return. This is another warning that the babe ought
immediately to be weaned, as the milk will lessen both in quantity
and in nourishment, and the child in consequence will become
delicate and puny, and every day he is suckled will lose, instead of
gain, ground. I have known many children, from protracted suckling,
smaller at twelve months than they were at nine months; and well
they might be, as, after nine months, the mother’s milk usually does
them harm instead of doing them good, and thus causes them to
dwindle away.
732. At another time, although the above train of symptoms does
not occur, and notwithstanding she may be in perfect health, a
mother may not be able to suckle her baby. Such a one usually has
very small breasts, and but little milk in them, and if she endeavor to
nurse her infant, it produces a violent aching of the bosom. Should
she disregard these warnings, and should still persevere, it might
produce inflammation of the breast, which will probably end in a
gathering.
733. An obstinate sore nipple is sometimes a symptom denoting
the necessity of weaning.—When the nipples are, and,
notwithstanding judicious treatment, persistently for some time
continue, very sore, it is often an indication that a lady ought to wean
her baby. Long-continued, obstinate sore nipples frequently occur in
a delicate woman, and speak, in language unmistakable, that the
child, as far as the mother herself is concerned, must be weaned. Of
course, if the infant be not old enough to wean, when practicable a
wet-nurse ought to take the mother’s place. If the above advice were
more frequently followed than it is, gathered breasts, much suffering,
and broken health would not so frequently prevail as they now do.
734. If a mother be predisposed to consumption; if she has had
spitting of blood; if she be subject to violent palpitation of the heart;
if she be laboring under great debility and extreme delicacy of
constitution; if she has any of the above complaints or symptoms,
she ought not on any account to suckle her child, but should by all
means procure a healthy wet-nurse.
 735. Occasionally a mother suckles her infant when she is
pregnant. This is highly improper, as it not only injures her own
health, and may bring on a miscarriage, but it is also prejudicial to
the baby, and may produce a delicacy of constitution from which he
might never recover.

In conclusion, I fervently hope that this little book will, through

God’s blessing, be to my fair reader, during the whole period of her
wifehood, a friend in her need, a guide in her difficulties, and a silent
but trusty counselor in all things pertaining to her health. I sincerely
trust that it will give her as much pleasure in the reading of these
pages as it has given me in the writing of them.
 INDEX.

Ablution after labor, 245.

among the poor, 41.
manner of young wife performing, 42.
morning, 41.
in pregnancy, 124.
thorough, 41.
Abortion, 174.
the procuring of, 120.
Accoucheur, the duties of, 206.
Advice to a monthly nurse, 196.
After birth should never be brought away by nurse, 233.
After pains, 212.
Age at which menstruation commences, 105.
Age, best, to marry, 104.
Ages of mother and wet-nurse, 265.
Ailments of pregnancy, 140.
during suckling, 236.
Air, cold, the value of, 37.
pure in bedroom, 34.
Air and exercise in pregnancy, 125.
during suckling, 268.
and occupation, 126.
Ale and porter, sour, 253.
more nourishing than wine, 266.
Alcohol a deadly poison, 57.
in brandy and in wine, 57.
Aloe paste in weaning, 295.
Amusements of a young wife, 20.
Aperient pills after confinement, 241.
Aperients in pregnancy, 140.
the abuse of, 244.
before labor, 155.
immediately after, improper, 241.
during suckling, 287.
on frequent, 99.
Appetite, bad, 51.
and leanness, 54.
Applications for hair, 47.
Armstrong on ablution, 49.
Articles wanted at labor, 216.
Artificial respiration, 232.
Assisting nature, on, 209.

Bad breast, 282.

Bandage after confinement, 236.
Barley-water and new milk, 251.
Barren wives, 14.
diet of, 38.
number of, 14.
Barrenness and fashion, 68.
in higher ranks, 60.
Bathing feet, 45.
shoulders and back, 42.
whole body, 42.
Bay salt, 45.
Bearing down pains, 202.
of womb, 247.
Beauty-sleep, 72.
Bed, “the guarding of,” 218.
Bed-pan, the best kind of, 244.
Bedroom for pregnant female, 137.
ventilation of, 73.
Bedstead, a four-post, in labor, 216.
Beef-tea, how to make (note), 249.
“Being out in reckoning,” 187.
Beverage after labor, 251.
the best for young wife, 55.
for mother whose child is ill, 268.
Bidet should be regularly used, 124.
Bladder, irritability of, 164, 199.
importance of attending to, 233.
in pregnancy, 164.
sluggishness of, 164.
state of, after confinement, 239.
“Blue-stocking,” as a wife, 93.
Bosom after labor, 259.
Bowels to be opened before labor, 155.
if regular, no aperient required, 145.
Bowel complaints of pregnancy, 145.
Bowels, state of, after labor, 241.
Boy or girl?, 188.
Brandy to be in the lying-in room, 222.
on the use of, during labor, 222, 235.
Bran-bread as an aperient, 289.
Breakfast for young wife, 50.
a meager, 50.
Breast-drawer, 258.
during suckling, 260, 282.
Breast, full and uneasy, 282.
in second and in succeeding confinements, 259.
 painful during pregnancy, 162.
gathered, 282.
causes of, 283.
importance of early treatment, 286.
shivering fit in, 286.
symptoms of, 286.
two forms of, 285.
Breast-pump, ill effects of, 296.
Bringing up of girls, 96.
Bugs and fleas, 97.
Business of a wife, 90.

Calomel dangerous in pregnancy, 140.

Carbonic acid gas in crowded rooms, 33, 86.
Carpet for bath-room, 47.
Carriage exercise, on the abuse of, 29.
Castor oil, the dose and manner of administering, 141.
external use of, 144.
Caudle should be banished lying-in room, 236.
“Caul,” a child’s (note), 230.
Cause, one, of small families, 60.
“Ceasing to be unwell,” 117.
to menstruate, 115.
Champagne-cup, 63.
Change of air for delicate wife, 96.
“Change of life,” 115.
“Change of life,” great importance of not neglecting, 115.
of room after labor, 253.
Cheerful wife, 87.
Cheerfulness during labor, 220.
 and occupation, 87, 93.
Child born before arrival of medical man, 228.
should be gradually weaned, 294.
Childless house, 14.
Chimney, on stopping, 35.
Chloroform in hard and lingering labor, 225.
Chlorosis and hysteria, 113.
Circulation, languid, 30, 55.
Cleanliness of body, 41.
“Cleansings,” 245.
Clever wife a fortune, 90.
Clothing in pregnancy, 123.
after labor, 234.
during suckling, 262.
Clysters, 242, 288.
Coffee as an aperient, 142, 290.
Complexion, a fine, 25, 27.
Contentment, 87.
Cook, an idiot of a, 90.
Cookery, good and careful, 89.
Costiveness during pregnancy, 140.
a cause of hard labor, 143.
“Count,” 185.
the German method of making, 187.
a good plan to make the, 186.
Country, on living in the, 36, 137.
Cramp of the bowels, 168.
Cramps of the legs and thighs in pregnancy, 168, 203.
Creasote in toothache, 156.
“Croakers,” during labor, 190, 219.
Croquet, best of games, 85.
Crying out, when in pain, 214.
Curates’ wives, 38.

Dancing, danger of young wife, 86.

Dangers of wine-drinking, 56.
of early marriages, 104.
Daylight, importance of, 79.
Depression of spirits during suckling, 267.
Derbyshire oatmeal gruel, 143.
Dews of morning and evening, 26, 70.
Diarrhœa in pregnancy, 145.
Dietary of a young wife, 49.
pregnant female, 134.
after labor, 249.
Diet during suckling, 263.
of lying-in women, 249
of young wife, 49.
Digestion, a good, 271.
Dirt in wrong place, 132.
Difficulty of lying down in pregnancy, 138.
of making water, 223.
Dinners and tempers, 92.
Disinfectant, 129.
Dissipation and barrenness, 14.
Domette bandages, 153.
Dozing, ill effects of, 67.
Drainage, 132.
Dress for labor, 217.
for young wife, 82.
“Drying up the milk,” 296.
Duration of menstruation, 105.
Duties of a nursing mother, 255.
of a wife, 92.

Early Maturity, 106.

riser needs refreshment, 68.
rising and early to bed, 71.
a cosmetic, 70.
a duty, 71.
good effects of, 70.
Early rising rejuvenizes, 70.
Economy, domestic, 87.
Employment “nature’s doctor,” 274.
Enceinte, the origin of the word (note), 113.
Enema apparatus, 100, 197.
for costiveness, 100.
for lying-in patient, 242.
Enemata of tepid water, 152.
Ewers and basins, Liliputian, 41.
Exercise for a young wife, 23.
a necessity, 24.
before breakfast, 47.
best aperient, 144.
for the delicate, 25.
immense importance of, 23.
in close carriages, 29.
in pregnancy, 125.
during suckling, 268
fresh air and occupation during pregnancy, 126.
in open air after labor, 254.
 promotes sleep, 78.

False labor pains, 183.

Fainting in pregnancy, 165.
Faintness during suckling, 287.
“Falling of the womb,” 247.
Falling off of hair, 47.
Fashion and barrenness, 38.
Fashionable system of spending married life, 18.
Fat and pregnancy, how to distinguish between, 121.
Feet, cold, exercise the remedy for, 30.
and legs, bathing, 45.
Females who have sick pregnancies, 161.
“Female slipper,” 239.
Fire-guard on lying-in room grate, 237.
Fire, ill effects of sitting near, 27.
Flannel, 218.
next skin, 83.
Flatulence and “quickening,” 121.
Fleas and bugs, 97.
Fœtal circulation (note), 122.
Folly of shutting out light, 79.
Food, variety of, necessary, 265.
French bed-pan, 244.
cookery, 91.
plums, stewed, 289.
Friend, the choice of, during labor, 219.
Fruit useful in pregnancy, 136.