BS ARCHITECTURE 3 — AR 3134: HOUSING
BAROQUE PERIOD (1600 AD)
MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER
HOUSING, STANDARD
- A building which meets legal structural and
functional criteria as defined under BP 220
(prescribing minimum designs and standards for
socialized and economic housing)
HOUSING UNIT
- A structurally separate and independent place fo
abode which, by the way it has been
constructed, converted or arranged is intended
for habitation by one household
- Structures or parts of structures which are not
intended for habitation such as commercial,
industrial, and cultural buildings or natural and
man-mande shelters such as caves, boats,
abandoned trucks, culverts, and others, but
which are used as living quarters by households
HOUSEHOLD
- A social unit consisting of person or a group of
persons who sleep in the same housing unit and
have a common arrangement in the preparation
and consumption of food
HISTORY OF URBAN DESIGN
1. NEOLITHIC PERIOD (10,000-7,000 BC)
- Catalhuyok
- Informal design
- Population: 6,000-8,000 people
- Informal leadership
2. EGYPTIAN PERIOD (3,000-2,000 BC)
- Thebes
- Axial design
- Population: 60,000-80,000 p-eople
- Monarchy
3. MESOPOTAMIAN PERIOD (800-600 BC)
- Babylon
- Axial design; next to a river
- Population: 400,000-500,000 people
- Monarchy
4. GREEK-ROMAN PERIOD (400 BC)
- Melitus
- Grid plan; has port area
- Population: 10,000 people
- Democractic (Greece); Monarchy
(Rome)
5. MEDIEVAL PERIOD (1200 AD)
- Carcassone
- Informal design
- Population: 20,000 people
- monarchy
6. MESOAMERICAN PERIOD (1300 AD)
- Tenochtitilan
- Grid plan (4 district); built on lake
- Population: 20,000 people
- monarchy
7. INCA PERIOD (1400 AD)
- Machu Pichu
- Axial plan; built on a mountain
- Population: 300-1,000 people
- Monarchy
8. CLASSICAL CHINA (1400 AD)
- Forbidden City
- Grid plan; built on a river
- Population: 8,000-9,000 people
- Monarchy
9.
- Paris
- Grid plan; has port area
- Population: 300,000 people
- Monarchy
10. NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD (1700 AD)
- St. Petersburg
- Grid plan; built near a river
- Population: 200,000-300,000 people
- Monarchy
11. INDUSTRIAL PERIOD (1800 AD)
- London
- Radial plan; built near a river
- Population: 1,000,000 people
- Monarchy
12. MODERNIST PERIOD (1900 AD)
- New York
- Grid plan; built near a river
- Applied first city zoning ordinance
- Population: 3.4 million people
- Democracy
13. CONTEMPORARY PERIOD (2000 AD)
- Sao Paulo
- Radial + grid plan; megacity
- Population: 22.6 million people (2023)
- Democracy
LAWS OF THE INDIES (1500-1690s)
- Compilation of laws issued by the Spanish
Kingdom
- Regulated social, political, religious, and
economic life
- Book IV of the 1690 compilation described Town
Planning guidelines
THE GRID PLAN
- First appears in the city of Trier (treyr), Germany
during the Roman period (400 CE)
- Usually fortified
- Pros/Cons:
- Mobility and access
- Equitable division of land
- Environmental
responsiveness/unresponsiveness

GARDEN CITIES OF TO-MORROW (1902)
- Writted by Ebenezer Howard
- Officer of the Order of the British Empire
(1924)
- Knight Bachelor (1927)
- To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform
(1898)
- Vision of slum free cities enjoying “town” and
“country”
PHILIPPINE HISTORY OF URBAN DESIGN
1. Ancient Development
- Vernacular architecture – On Stilts
Organic (Ulila, 2021, Lantawan)
2. Pre-Colonial Period (1300-1600s)
- Two-story organic
- Load Bearing Masonry
- Post & Lintel with Non-load Bearing
Masonry
3. Early Colonial Period (1600-1800s)
- Bipartite (Bahay na Bato)
4. Industrial Period (1800-1900s)
- Concrete
5. Post-Colonial Period (1900-2000s)
- Concrete and Sustainable
6. Contemporary Period
PHILIPPINES HOUSING (2010)
- In the Philippines, less than ⅓ can afford proper
shelter. In Metro Manila alone, there are 3.7
million informal settlers
- 23% stay on government land
- 22% in private properties
- 15% in danger zones (which include
living on the streets, bridges, riversides
and along train tracks)
- 40% on infrastructure sites
- Various factors such as financing, government
policies, institutional subsidies and the
value/culture of the Filipino people contribute to
Housing Issues
HOUSING ISSUES (2010)
- The Philippines is beset with a backlog in
providing land security and housing for the por
- The two basic problems being faced by the
government in realizing successful housing
programs are
- Funding
- Availability of land
- Other issues hampering pro-poor land and
housing programs are:
- High transaction costs dues to unclear
land use policies
- Non-cooperation of land owners to
engage in Community Mortgage
Programs (CMPs)
- Misinterpretation and’or
non-implementation of Local
Government (LGU) plans
- Provision of land and housing to
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPSs)
due to natural hazards and armed
conflict
INFORMAL HOUSING AND HOMELESS (2010)
- There is an estimated 3.7 million informal
settlers in the Philippines
- In Metro Manila alone, the total backlog to
include new households has been projected to
reach close to 500,000 units
- Addressing this backlog will require about 3,000
hectares of land (30 sqkm) of land if designed to
accommodate detached housing units
- In developed (industrial) countries homeless
people ahve increased; in developing countries
the numbers of street homeless who cannot
even live in squatter areas have increased since
the end of the 1990s (no exact figure yet)
HOUSING DELIVERY SYSTEM (2010)
- A significant part of the housing sector in the
Philippines is the lack of affordability
- The fundamental solution to this problem is
again rooted in economic growth, which
provides employment and income to
households, which can then increase
affordability levels
- In the short to medium term the following can
make a significant impact:
- increasing availability of housing credit
- Financial resources
- Lowering the cost of land and housing
production
WHO ARE THE POOR FILIPINOS
- The estimated numbers of Self-Rated Poor
Families are 14 million in March 2023 and 12.9
million in December 2022.
- To arrive at the estimated numbers of Self-Rated
Poor families, the percentage of respondent
households rating themselves as poor was
applied to the Philippine Statistics Authority
medium-population projections for 2023 and
2022, respectively
PHILIPPINE HOUSING ORGANIZATIONS
1. Department of Human Settlements and Urban
Development (DHSUD)
2. National Housing Authority (NHA)
3. Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF),
Pag-IBIG (MP1 and MP2)
4. Social Security System (SSS)
5. Government Service Insurance System (GSIS)
6. Pag-IBIG Fund 1 & Pag-IBIG Fund 2
7. Private Sector Philippines – Ayaland Inc. & SM
Development Corp
8. Private Sectory Cebu – Cebu Landmasters &
GENVI Development Corp.
DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND
URBAN DEVELOPMENT (DHSUD)
- The primary government agency responsible for
the management of housing, human settlement
and urban development
- Created on February 14, 2019 by virtue of RA
11201
- The sole and main planning and policy-making,
regulatory, program coordination, and
performance monitoring entity for all housing,
human settlement and urban developmen
concerns, primarily focusing on the access to
and affordability of basic human needs
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11201 (2019)
- An Act creating the DHSUD , defining its
mandate, powers and functions, and
appropriating funds therefor
- Consolidated the functions of the Housing and
Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) and
Housing and Urban Development Coordinating
Council (HUDCC) to become the DHSUD,
except for adjudication, which is now handled by
it attached agency, the Human Settlements
Adjudication Commission (HSAC)
INSTITUTIONS (AGENCIES) UNDER THE DHSUD
1. National Housing Authority (NHA)
- acts as the country’s primary shelter
production arm
2. Home Development Mutual Fund or
Pag-IBIG Fund
- focus on national savings program and
affordable shelter financing for Filipino
workers
3. Social Housing Finance Corporation (SHFC)
- underakes social housing programs
catering to the formal and informal
settlers belonging to the low-income
bracket
4. National Home Mortgage Finance
Corporation (NHMFC)
- Ensures the availability of affordable
housing loans to finance homebuyers
through secondary market for home
mortgages
THREE DEPARTMENTS (BUREAUS) OF THE DHSUD
1. Environmental, Land Use and Urban
Planning and Development Bureau
- Performs human settlements
planning-related functions including
formulation of planning guidelines,
national urban development policies and
programs, technical assistance to
relevant stakeholders and land use
monitoring
2. Housing and Real Estate Development
Regulation Bureau
- Regulates the development of
subdivision and condominium and other
real estate projects, including the
practice of real estate service by brokers
and salespersons, through the
formulation, promulgation and
imposition and administrative fines and
penalties, pursuant to PD 957 and BP
220
3. Homeowners Association and Community
Development Bureau
- Formulates policies and programs to be
implemented by the regional offices,
monitors proper implementation of the
approved policies and programs, and
capacitates regional offices in
empowering the Homeowner’s
Associations (HoA) within their
respective jurisdictions
DHSUD MANDATE (FUNCTION)
1. Act as the primary national government entity
responsible for the management of housing,
human settlement and urban development.
2. Be the sole and main planning and
policy-making, regulatory, program coordination,
and performance monitoring entity for all
housing, human settlement and urban
development concerns, primarily focusing on the
access to and the affordability of basic human
needs. For this purpose, in accordance with
Section 25 of the Act, the following functions of
HLURB are hereby transferred to the
Department:
a. The land use planning and monitoring
function, including the imposition of
penalties for noncompliance to ensure
that LGUs will follow the planning
guidelines and implement their CLUPs
and ZOs;
b. The regulatory function, including the
formulation, promulgation, and
enforcement of rules, standards and
guidelines over subdivisions,
condominiums and similar real estate
developments, and imposition of fines
and other administrative sanctions for
violations, pursuant to PD 957, as
amended, BP 220 and other related
laws; and
c. The registration, regulation and
supervision of HOAs, including the
imposition of fines for violations,
pursuant to RA 9904, Section 26 of RA
8763 in relation to Executive Order No.
(EO) 535, series of 1979, and other
related laws; and
3. Develop and adopt a national strategy to
immediately address the provision of adequate
and affordable housing to all Filipinos, and
ensure the alignment of the policies, programs,
and projects of all its attached agencies to
facilitate the achievement of this objective
PAMBANSAND PABAHAY PARA SA PILIPINO
HOUSING (4PH) PROGRAM
- Address housing backlog of 6.5M units (2023) –
about 26M people with 4 people/housing unit
- Build 1M units/year for the next 6 years (2029)
- Philippine Population (2021 World Bank) 113.9M
People – 22.8% will be accommodated by 4PH
- Philippine Population growth rate (2021 World
Bank) = 1.5% annual change (decline)
- Policy anchors:
- Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- Philippine New Urban Agenda (PNUA)
- National Urban Development and
Housing Framework (NUDHF)
 - Resilient and Green Human Settlements
Framework
- National Resettlement Policy
Framework (NRPF)
- Gender and Development Strategic
Framework
PHILIPPINE NEW URBAN AGENDA (PNUA) 2016
- Highlights the importance of adequate shelter
- An agenda to address Adequate Shelter for All
and Sustainable Human Settlements
Development in an Urbanizing World (from the
1996 2nd World Conference on Human
Settlements / Habitat II)
- The country’s rapid urbanization pressured city
governments to provide affordable, reliable, and
quality basic urban services
NATIONAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND HOUSING
FRAMEWORK (NUDHF) 2017-2022
- The development framework for urban and
urbanizing areas aimed at achieving the
objectives of the Urban Development and
Housing Act (RA 7279)
- First crafted in 1993; addresses the need for an
overall framework for policy and strategy, based
on a clear urban development vision
- Contains a set of policy statements, strategies,
and implementation measures intended to guide
public and private sector efforts towards
sustainable urban development and housing
NUDHF SECTION 2.3.3. HOUSING OBJECTIVES
A. Develop inclusive, integrated housing
- Culturally sensitive and adhere to
appropropriate standards and design
- Addresses the needs of IPs, PWDs,
elderly, Informal Settler Families (ISFs),
etc.
- Mixed income housing is encouraged to
promote inclusive communities
B. Operationalize the National Informal
Settlements Upgrading Strategy
- Rights-based instruments (RBIs) are
recognized as secure tenure
instruments and collateral substitutes
- Provide security of tenure for urban
settlers, both formal and informal
C. Improve affordability of housing programs
and projects
- Fully integrate sustainable livelihood
and employment into the housing
process
- Implement an integrated housing
strategy requiring the collaboration of
shelter, economic, and social welfare
agencies beyond their current or
traditional mandates
D. Promote resilient housing
- Adopt appropriate housing standards or
building codes, technologies, and
innovations, incorporating conditions for
resilience and resource efficiency
- Retrofitting existing housing structures
on climate change vulnerability and
disaster risk
E. Enforce the balanced housing provision of
the UDHA (RA 7279)
- Requires owners and developers of
proposed subdivision and condominium
projects to develop an area for
socialized housing equivalent to at least
15% of the total subdivision area or total
subdivision project cost and at least 5%
of the condominium area of project cost
F. Update appropriate housing unit size
requirements based on local context
- Consider various factors such as
location, culture, economic linkages,
and livelihood opportunities
- People-centered planning processes
can address this gap and allow
stakeholders to determine appropriate
unit sizes
G. Make land available and accessible for
housing
- Address physical and artificial shortage
of land for development:
- Unlocking unused or underused
government-owned land
- Land pooling/readjustment
- Land banking
- Land cost adjustment for
affordable housing
- Reducing land speculation
through fiscal measures
- Making land information
accessible to the land market
H. Promote local shelter planning to encourage
broad-based participation and ensure
implementation of housing and land
strategies
- LGUs determine housing needs,
conduct inventory of resources, identify
priority housing programmes and
projects, and initiate needed
partnerships for housing projects
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10884
- Requires owners and developers of proposed
subdivision and condominium projects to
develop an area for socialized housing
equivalent to at least 15% of the total
subdivision area or total subdivision project cost
and at least 5% of the condominium area of
project cost