JKDKIKE

ANP (Avcmahoa Nksam Prkotcoa)

Prkotcoa) mkikj D? mkh Dasaikjktkh Pkscah

Mcsusuh fiae <

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Hurui ^czqc PF7;>01>;0?1
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Wkkhurckh _
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yke P
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P^FG^KJ _]QMC PAHMCMCDKH P^FBA_C HA^_

PFIC]ADHCD DA_AEK]KH DAJAHDA_ SFGSKDK^]K
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 DK]K PAHGKH]K^

Pulcc syudur
Pul syudur pahuics
pahuics pkhlkt
pkhlktdkh
dkh da ekmcrk
ekmcrktt ]uekh
]uekh Skhg
Skhg Jkek
Jkek Ask,
Ask, ktks
ktks
nardke mkh ^kejkt-Hyk pahuics taike jahyaiaskcdkh tugks jktk duicke Dasaektkh
& Dasaikjktkh Darlk tapkt pkmk wkdtuhyk. Mkikj pahyusuhkh tugks ktku jktarc
chc, tcmkd samcdct ekjnktkh ykhg pahuics ekmkpc. Hkjuh pahuics jahykmkrc nkewk
daikhokrkh mkikj pahyusuhkh jktarc chc tcmkd ikch nardkt nkhtukh, mfrfhgkh mkh
ncjnchgkh radkh-radkh dkjc, saechggk dahmkik-dahmkik ykhg pahuics ekmkpc ncsk
tark
tarktk
tksc
sc.. Mkik
Mkikj
j pahy
pahyus
usuh
uhkh
kh jkdk
jkdkik
ike
e ch
chc,
c, pa
pahu
huic
icss jark
jarksk
sk jksc
jksce
e nk
nkhy
hykd
kd
dadurkhgkh
dadurkhgkh,, uhtud
uhtud ctu drctcd mkh skrkh mkrc sajuk pcekd skhgkt pahuics ekrkpdkh
majc pahyajpurhkkh pajnuktkh jkdkike chc. Mkikj pahyusuhkh jkdkike chc
pahuics jahykjpkcdkh uokpkh tarcjk dksce ykhg tkd tarechggk dapkmk radkh-
radkh ykhg taike jajnkhtu mkikj jahyaiaskcdkh pajnuktkh jkdkike chc. Naskr
ekrkpkh
ekrkpkh sajfgk
sajfgk jkdkike
jkdkike chc mkpkt narjkhbkkt tarutkjk nkgc pahuics mkh prfbasc
prfbasc
parkwkt pkmk ujujhyk.

Sfgykdkrtk, Jac >0>;

Pahuics
MKB]K^ C_C
 NKN C
PAHMKEQIQKH

K. Iktk
Iktkrr Nai
Naikd
kdkh
khg
g
Avcmkhoa Nksam Prkotcoa (ANP) jarupkdkh
jarupkdkh prfsas pahgguhkk
pahgguhkkh
h nudtc-
nudtc-
nudtc tarnkcd ykhg laiks, tagks mkh nardaschkjnuhgkh guhk pajnuktkh daputuskh
dichcd mkikj jarkwkt chmcvcmu pkscah (Hurekyktc, >0;1).
Avcmahoa
Avcmahoa Nksam Prkotcoa (ANP) daparkwktkh
daparkwktkh kmkike prfsas uhtud
jahahtudkh, jahcikc, mkh jahgkpicdkscdkh nudtc cijcke tarnkcd mkrc ictarktura
daparkwktkh jkupuh jamcs uhtud jahchgdktdkh dukictks paikykhkh pkscah.
Mahgkh dktk ikch,ANP jarupkdkh skike sktu ikhgdke ajpcrcs uhtud jahgatkeuc
iance ikhlut kpkdke suktu pahaictckh mkpkt mccjpiajahtkscdkh pkmk ikekh prkdtad
ykhg narbfdus pkmk jatfma mahgkh orctcoki techdchg mkh jahgguhkdkh mktk mkh
pahaictckh ykhg tarsamck saokrk
saok rk jkdscjki.
Dasaikjktkh pkscah (skbaty pktcaht) kmkike suktu scstaj mcjkhk rujke
skdct jajnukt ksuekh pkscah iance kjkh jaicputc ksasjah rascdf, cmahtcbcdksc
mkh pahgaifikkh
pahgaifikkh eki ykhg nareunuhg
nareunuhgkh
kh mahgkh
mahgkh rascdf pkscah, paikpfrkh
paikpfrkh mkh
khkicscss chscmah,
khkicsc chscmah, dajkjpukh
dajkjpukh naiklkr mkrc chscmah
chscmah mkh tchmkd
tchmkd ikhluthyk
ikhluthyk sartk
cjpiajahtksc
cjpiajahtksc sfiusc uhtud jajchcjkidkh
jajchcjkidkh tcjnuihyk
tcjnuihyk rascdf mkh jahoagke
jahoagke
tarlkmchyk oamark ykhg mcsankndkh fiae daskikekh kdcnkt jaikdskhkdkh suktu
tchmkdkh ktku tcmkd jahgkjnci tchmkdkh ykhg saekrushyk mckjnci (Parjahdas
Hf ;23;, >0;;).
>0;;).
Parkwkt sankgkc skike sktu dfjpfhah utkjk pajnarc paikykhkh dasaektkh
dapkmk jksykrkdkt jajcicdc parkh pahtchg
pahtchg dkrahk tardkct ikhgsuhg mahgkh
mahgkh
pajnarc ksuekh dapkmk pkscah
pk scah sasukc mahgkh
m ahgkh dajkjpukh ykhg mcjcicdc. Parkwkt
sankgkc uluhg tfjnkd skhgkt jahahtudkh pajnarckh ksuekh daparkwktkh ykhg
kjkh. Wfrim Eakite Frgkhczktcfh jaradfjahmkscdkh kgkr ksuekh daparkwktkh
ykhg kjkh
kjkh ncsk mcnarcdkh
mcnarcdkh pkmk
pkmk pkscah,
pkscah, jkdk
jkdk upkyk pahaictckh
pahaictckh mkh paharkpkh
eksci pahaictckh pariu mcikdudkh. Qpkyk paharkpkh eksci/ pahaictckh chc mcdahki
mahgkh ksuekh daparkwktkh
daparkwktkh narnkscs
narnkscs Avcmahoa Nksam Prkotcoa (ANP). ]ulukh
mkrcc pahark
mkr paharkpk
pkh
h ANHP jahgc
jahgcmahtc
mahtcbcdksc
bcdksc sfiusc mkrc pajaokekh
pajaokekh jkskike mkikj
parkwktkh sartk jajnkhtu pahuruhkh nkekyk pkmk pkscah (Kijksdkrc,
(Kij ksdkrc, >0;7).

N. ]ulukh
]ulukh
]ulukh mkrc
mkrc pahuic
pahuicskh
skh jkdkike
jkdkike chc uhtud
uhtud jahlai
jahlaiksd
ksdkh
kh mkh jajkek
jajkekjc
jc
sctuksc tahtkhg ANP (avcmahoa
(avcmahoa nksam prkotcoa) uhtud jahchgdktdkh dasaikjktkh
pkscah.

O. Jkhbkkt
;. Qhtu
htud ]cj
]cj Dasa
Dasae
ektkh
ktkh
Jkdkike
Jkdkike chc narguhk sankgkc jamck chbfr
chbfrjksc
jksc jahgahkc ANP (Avcmahoa
Nksam Prkotcoa) mkikj D? mkh dasaikjktkh pkscah.
>. Qhtud Jkekscswk
Jkdkike chc narguhk sankgkc jamck chbfrjksc sadkicgus pajnaiklkrkh
deusushyk nkgc jkekscswk dasaektkh
 NKN CC

]CHLKQKH PQ_]KDK

;. Dfhs
fhsap Nksam Avcmahoa
Avcmahoa Prkotcoa
K. Mabchcsc
Avcmahoa Nksam Prkotcoa (AN
(ANP)
P) kmkike
kmkike tchmkd
tchmkdkh
kh ykhg
ykhg taictc
taictc mkh
nartkhgguhg lkwkn mahgkh jahgguhkdkh nudtc (narnkscs nudtc) ykhg
nareunuhgkh mahgkh dakeickh dichcs mkh hcikc-hcikc pkscah uhtud jahuhtuh
pahgkjncikh daputuskh mkikj prfsas parkwktkh (]ctiar, >005). ANP
jarupkdkh skike sktu pardajnkhgkh ykhg pahtchg pkmk madkma chc uhtud
jajnkh
jajnkhtu
tu sanuke
sanuke prfbasc
prfbasc,, tarjks
tarjksud
ud damfdt
damfdtarkh
arkh,, daparkw
daparkwktk
ktkh,
h, sfscki,
sfscki,
pscdfifgc, punico eakite,
eakite, dfhsaichg mkh prfbasc dasaektkh mkh sfscki ikchhyk

(Nrcggs & ^zaphcodc, >00=4 Nrfwhsfh at ki., >00>4 _kodatt at ki., >000).
Avcmahoa Nksam Prkotcoa (ANP) daparkwktkh
daparkwktkh kmkike prfsas uhtud
uhtud
jahaht
jahahtudk
udkh,
h, jahcik
jahcikc,
c, mkh jahgkp
jahgkpicd
icdksc
kscdkh
dkh nudtc
nudtc cijcke
cijcke tarnkc
tarnkcd
d mkrc
mkrc
ictarktura
ictarktura daparkwktkh
daparkwktkh jkupuh
jkupuh jamcs uhtud
uhtud jahchgdktd
jahchgdktdkh
kh dukictks
dukictks
paikykhkh pkscah. Mahgkh dktk ikch, ANP jarupkdkh skike sktu ikhgdke
ajpcrc
ajpcrcss uhtud
uhtud jahgat
jahgatkeu
keucc iance
iance ikhlut
ikhlut kpkdke
kpkdke suktu
suktu pahaic
pahaictckh
tckh mkpkt
mkpkt
mccjpiajahtkscdkh pkmk ikekh prkdtad ykhg narbfdus pkmk jatfma mahgkh
orctcoki techdchg mkh jahgguhkdkh mktk mkh pahaictckh ykhg tarsamck saokrk
jkdscjki.

N. ]ulukh ANP
]ulukh utkjk mc cjpiajahtkscdkhhyk avcmkhoa nksam prkotcoa mc mkikj
prkdtad daparkwktkh kmkike uhtud jahchgdktdkh dukictks parkwktkh mkh
jajnar
jajnarcdk
cdkh
h eksci
eksci ykhg
ykhg tarnkcd
tarnkcd mkrc
mkrc ksuekh
ksuekh daparkw
daparkwktkh
ktkh ykhg
ykhg mcnarcd
mcnarcdkh.
kh.
_aik
_aikch
ch ctu
ctu lu
lugk
gk,, ma
mahg
hgkh
kh mcjk
mcjkds
dscj
cjki
kidkh
dkhhy
hykk du
duki
kict
ctks
ks pa
parkw
rkwkt
ktkh
kh tchg
tchgdk
dktt
dasajnuekh pkscah ncsk iance oapkt mkh ikjk parkwktkh ncsk iance pahmad
sartkk nckyk
sart nckyk parkwkt
parkwktkh
kh ncsk
ncsk mctadk
mctadkh
h (Jkmkr
(Jkmkrsek
sekeck
eckh
h at ki.
ki.,, >0;>).
>0;>). Mkikj
Mkikj
rutchctctks saekrc-ekrc pkrk tahkgk dasaektkh prfbascfhki tcmkd ekhyk parkwkt

hkjuh lugk keic bkrjksc, mfdtar, mkh tahkgk dasaektkh prfbascfhki ikchhyk
sarchg dkic jahokrc lkwknkh mkrc partkhykkh- partkhykkh ykhg juhoui datcdk
jajcice ktku jajnkhmchgdkh traktjaht tarnkcd ykhg kdkh mcnarcdkh dapkmk
pkscah/dicah, jcskihyk sklk pkmk pkscah pfst fparksc namke kdkh juhoui

partkhykkh kpkdke tadhcd parhkpkskh raikdsksc ctu iance nkcd uhtud

jahuruhdkh daoajkskh mcnkhmchgdkh mahgkh ofghctcva naekvcfur tearkpey,
kp
kpkd
kdke
ke tadh
tadhcd
cd raikd
raikdsks
skscc ianc
iance
e abadt
abadtcb
cb lcdk
lcdk mc
mcnk
nkhm
hmch
chgd
gdkh
kh ma
mahg
hgkh
kh ta
tadh
dhcd
cd
mcstrkdsc uhtud jahgurkhgc hyarc pkscah cnu pkrtuj dkik ; (Jffhay, >0;>).
Pahmadktkh ykhg mcikdudkh narmkskrdkh pkmk avcmkhoa nksam nartulukh
uhtud
uhtud jahaju
jahajudkh
dkh nudtc-n
nudtc-nudt
udtcc tarnkcd
tarnkcd sankgk
sankgkcc lkwknk
lkwknkh
h mkrc
mkrc partkh
partkhykk
ykkh-
h-
partkhykkh dichcs ykhg juhoui mkh dajumckh jahgkpicdkscdkh nudtc tarsanut
da mkikj prkdtad daparkwktkh guhk jahchgdktdkh dukictks parkwktkh pkscah
tkhpk jahgguhkd
jahgguhkdkh
kh nudtc-nudt
nudtc-nudtcc tarnkcd,
tarnkcd, prkdtad
prkdtad daparkwktkh
daparkwktkh kdkh skhgkt

tartchggki mkh sarchgdkic narmkjpkd darugckh uhtud pkscah. Ofhtfehyk sklk

amuoktcfh dapkmk cnu uhtud jahajpktdkh nkychyk pkmk skkt tcmur mahgkh
pfscsc prfhksc mahgkh ksujsc pfscsc tarsanut jarupkdkh pfscsc tarnkcd uhtud
jahoagke kspcrksc pkmk nkyc datcdk tcmur. Hkjuh narmkskrdkh avcmahoa nksam
jahyktkdkh nkewk pfscsc prfhksc pkmk nkyc kdkh mkpkt jahgkdcnktdkh rascdf
dajktckh nkyc saokrk tcnk-tcnk _CM_ (Jaihyd & Bchafut, >0;;).
Fiae
Fiae dkrahk
dkrahk ctu,
ctu, pahgch
pahgchtag
tagrksc
rksckh
kh avcmah
avcmahoa
oa nksam
nksam prkotc
prkotcoa
oa damkikj
damkikj
du
durc
rcdu
duiu
iuj
j pa
pahm
hmcm
cmcd
cdkh
kh da
dapa
park
rkwk
wktkh
tkh skhgk
skhgkti
tike
ke pa
paht
htch
chg.
g. ]ulu
]ulukh
kh ut
utkj
kjkk
jahgklkrdkh ANP mkikj pahmcmcdkh daparkwktkh pkmk iavai uhmargrkmukta

stum
stumah
ahtt kmki
kmkike
ke jahy
jahyck
ckpd
pdkh
kh park
parkwk
wktt pr
prfb
fbas
ascf
cfhk
hkii yk
ykhg
hg jajp
jajpuhuhyk
ykcc
dajkjpukh
dajkj pukh mkikj jajnarcdkh
jajnarcdkh paikykhkh
paikykhkh daparkwktkh
daparkwktkh ykhg nardukictks
narmkskrdkh avcmahoa nksam (Ksedtfrkn, >0;1).

O. Ikhgd
Ikhgdke-
ke-Ikh
Ikhgdk
gdke
e mkikj
mkikj Prfsa
Prfsass ANP
]ar
arm
mkpkt tulue ikhgdke ykhg ekru
russ mciawktc datcdk kdkh
jahgcjpiaj
jahgcjpiajahtkscd
ahtkscdkh
kh suktu Avcmahoa Nksam Prkotcoa ykctu (Jaihyd &
Bchafut-Fvarefit, >0;;)<
;. Jahuj
Jahujnue
nuedkh
dkh sajkhg
sajkhgkt
kt tarekmk
tarekmkp
p pahaictc
pahaictckh
kh

_anaiuj
_anaiuj jajuikc
jajuikc mkikj tkekpkh ykhg sanahkrhyk
sanahkrhyk mcmkikj ANP,
 ekrus mctujnuedkh sajkhgkt mkikj pahaictckh saechggk dichcdkh
kdkh iance hykjkh mkh tartkrcd jahgahkc partkhykkh-partkhykkh
nardkctkh mahgkh parkwktkh pkscah.

>. Jaruju
Jarujusdk
sdkhh partkhy
partkhykkh
kkh dichcs
dichcs mkikj
mkikj bfrjkt
bfrjkt
PCOF]Partkhykkh dichcs mkikj bfrjkt PCOF] uhtud
jahgekscidkh avcmahoa ykhg iance nkcd mkh raiavkh.
P < Pktcaht Pfpuiktcfh (daifjpfd / pfpuiksc pkscah)
C < Chtarvahtcfh fr Cssua fb Chtarast (chtarvahsc ktku cssua ykhg
jahkrcd)
O <Ofj
<Ofjpkrcsf
pkrcsfh
h chtarvahtcf
chtarvahtcfh
h fb grfup
grfup (parnkhmch
(parnkhmchgkh
gkh chtarvahsc
chtarvahsc
mcmkikj pfpuiksc)
F < Futofja (tulukh)

] < ]cja brkja (wkdtu)

?. Jahokr
Jahokrcc mkh jahguj
jahgujpui
puidkh
dkh icta
ictarktu
rkturr avcmahoa ykhg nareunuhgkh
Jahokrc avcmahoa ykhg nkcd kmkike ikhgdke partkjk mcmkikj
pahaictckh, uhtud jahlkwkn partkhykkh tchmkdkh mahgkh
jaikdudkh systajktco ravcaws mahgkh jajpartcjnkhgdkh iavai
dad
adu
uktk
ktkh mkrc avcmahoa ykhg mcguhkdkh sa
san
nkgkc mksk
skrr
pahgkjncikh daputuskh (Guyktt & ^ahhca,
^ahhca, >00>).
=. Jaikdudkh
Jaikdudkh taikke
taikke ktku pahcikckh
pahcikckh drctcs
drctcs tarekmkp
tarekmkp avcmaho
avcmahoaa
Ikhgdk
Ikhgdke
e chc jarupk
jarupkdkh
dkh ikhgdk
ikhgdke
e vctki,
vctki, mcmkik
mcmkikjhy
jhykk tarjks
tarjksud
ud

pahcikckh drctcs tarekmkp avcmahoa.

avcmahoa. Dagcktkhhy
Dagcktkhhykk jaicputc
jaicputc avkiuksc
avkiuksc
dadu
dadukt
ktkh
kh mkrc
mkrc avcm
avcmah
ahoa
oa tar
tarsan
sanut,
ut, ykctu
ykctu tahtkh
tahtkhgg davkic
davkicmkh
mkh mkh
dagaharkicsksckhhyk.
1. Jahg
Jahgch
chta
tagr
grks
kscd
cdkh
kh avcmahoa tarnkcd mahgkh pahgkikjkh dichcs mkh
ruludkh
ruludkh sartk hcikc-hcikc
hcikc-hcikc pkscah mcmkikj pahgkjncikh
pahgkjncikh daputuskh
ktku parunkekh.
Dfhsujah mkrc lksk paikykhkh dasaektkh jahgchgchdkh turut sartk
mkikj
mkikj prfsas
prfsas pahgkj
pahgkjnci
ncikh
kh daputu
daputuskh
skh dichcs
dichcs mkh eki tarsan
tarsanut
ut
jarupkdkh tkhgguhg lkwkn atcd mkrc pajnarc paikykhkh dasaektkh

mahgkh jaicnktdkh pkscah mcmkikj pahgkjncikh daputuskh

 tarekmkp tchmkdkh (Jaihyd & Bchafut-Fvarefit, >001)
2. Jahg
Jahgav
avki
kiuk
uksc
sc tu
tulu
lukh
kh mc mk
mkikj
ikj da
dapu
putu
tuskh
skh pr
prkd
kdtc
tcss na
narm
rmks
kskrd
krdkh
kh
avcmahoa..
avcmahoa

Pkmk tkekp chc mcavkiuksc ANP ykhg mcpkdkc, nkgkcjkhk ktku

salkue jkhk parunkekh ykhg mcikdudkh narabad tarekmkp tulukh
pkscah ktku kpkdke abadtcb pahgkjncikh daputuskh ykhg mcikdudkh.
mcikdudkh.
7. Jahyan
Jahyankri
kriuks
uksdkh
dkh tuluk
tulukh
h ANP ktku
ktku parunke
parunkekh
kh
_khgkt pahtchg jahyankriuksdkh ANP nkcd ykhg sasukc ktkupuh
ykhg
ykhg tcmkd
tcmkd sasukc
sasukc,, mahgkh
mahgkh okrk jaikdu
jaikdudkh
dkh frki
frki ktku pf
pfstar
star
prasahtktcfh mcwcikyke ifoki, ragcfhki, hkscfhki ktku chtarhkscfhki

M. Pahgdklckh mkh Kikt uhtud Avcmahoa Nksam

Nksam Prkotcoa

Paharkpkh dfhsap prkdtad dichcs narnkscs nudtc jahkhmkc pargasarkh

mkrc paikykhkh trkmcscfhki jahlkmc paikykhkh dasaektkh prfbasscfhki ykhg
mkikj paikdskhkkhhy
paikdskhkkhhykk narmkskr
narmkskr pkmk pahmkpkt mkrc ftfrctks,
ftfrctks, mktk, stumc
dichcs ykhg raiavkh, mkh pahaictckh. ]armkpkt nanarkpk dajkjpukh mkskr
ykhg ekrus mcjcicdc tahkgk dasaektkh prfbasscfhki uhtud mkpkt jaharkpdkh
prkdtad dichcs narnkscs nudtc, ykctu <
;. Jahgchmaht
Jahgchmahtcbcdk
cbcdksc
sc gkp/dasahlkhgk
gkp/dasahlkhgkh
h khtkrk tafrc mkh prkdtad,
prkdtad,

>. Jajbfrjuiks
Jajbfrjuikscdkh
cdkh partkhykkh
partkhykkh dichcs
dichcs ykhg raiavkh,
raiavkh,

?. Jaikdudkh
Jaikdudkh pahokrckh
pahokrckh ictarktu
ictarktura
ra ykhg abcscah,
abcscah,

=. Jahgkpicdk
Jahgkpicdkscdkh
scdkh parkh mkrc nudtc,
nudtc, tarjksud tchgdktkh/
tchgdktkh/ecarkr
ecarkrdc
dc mkrc
nudtc tarsanut uhtud jahahtudkh
jahahtudkh tchgdkt vkicmctkshyk,
1. Jahgkpicdk
Jahgkpicdkscdkh
scdkh tajukh
tajukh ictarktura
ictarktura pkmk jkskike pkscah,
pkscah, mkh

2. Jahgartc
Jahgartc mkh jajkekjc
jajkekjc datardkctkh
datardkctkh khtkrk
khtkrk hcikc mkh numkyk
numkyk pkscah
mkpkt jajpahgkru
jajpahgkruec
ec dasacjnkhg
dasacjnkhgkh
kh khtkrk pftahscki
pftahscki dauhtuhgkh
dauhtuhgkh
mkh darugckh mkrc pcicekh jkhklajah/tarkpc (Latta at ki., >00?).
Mkik
Mkikj
j pa
paha
hark
rkpk
pkh
h pr
prkd
kdta
tad
d dich
dichcs
cs na
narn
rnks
kscs
cs nu
nudt
dtc,
c, pa
pari
riu
u km
kmkh
khyk
yk
nanarkpk pahgdklckh kwki, mckhtkrkhyk dasckpkh4 daparokykkh4 scdkp4
pahgatkeukh4 mkh parcikdu tarekmkp ANP, echggk cjpiajahtksc mkrc ANP
 sahmcrc.

>. Avcmahoa Nksam

Nksam Prkotcoa mkikj Daparkwktkh

K. Paikdskhk
Paikdskhkkh
kh Avcmaho
Avcmahoaa Nksam
Nksam Prkotco
Prkotcoaa mkikj
mkikj daparkwk
daparkwktkh
tkh
;. Jahg
Jahgkd
kduc
uc st
stkt
ktus
us ktku
ktku kr
krke
ke pr
prkd
kdta
tadd mk
mkh
h yk
ykdc
dch
h nk
nkew
ewkk pa
pajn
jnar
arck
ckh
h
parkwktkh
>. narmkskrdkh
narmkskrdkh bkdtk
bkdtk tarnkcd kdkh jahchgdktd
jahchgdktdkh
kh eksci parkwktkh
parkwktkh dicah.
?. Cjpi
Cjpiaj
ajah
ahtks
tkscc ek
ekhy
hykk kd
kdkh
kh suds
sudsas
as nc
ncik
ik pa
parkw
rkwkt
kt jahg
jahggu
guhk
hkdk
dkh
h mk
mkh
h
jahmuduhg ’pajnarckh parkwktkh narmkskrdkh bkdtk‚.
=. Avki
Avkiuk
uksc
sc pa
pahk
hkjp
jpcik
cikh
h dich
dichcd
cd sahkh
sahkhtc
tcksk
ksk mc
mcik
ikdu
dudk
dkh
h pa
park
rkwk
wktt mk
mkik
ikj
j
pahgguhkkh ANP.
1. Prkdtad
Prkdtad narmkskrdkh
narmkskrdkh bkdtk narparkh
narparkh pahtchg mkikj
mkikj parkwktkh
parkwktkh dasaektkh.
dasaektkh.

2. Prk
Prkdta
dtad
d narmks
narmkskrd
krdkh
kh eksci
eksci tajukh
tajukh rcsat
rcsat kdkh
kdkh jahchg
jahchgdkt
dktdkh
dkh dukict
dukictks
ks
prkdtad, pahgguhkkh nckyk ykhg
ykhg abadtcb pkmk paikykhkh dasaektkh.
7. Pah
Pahggu
gguhkk
hkkh
h ANP jahchg
jahchgdkt
dktdkh
dkh prfbasc
prfbascfhk
fhkics
icsja
ja mkh mccdut
mccdutcc mahgkh
mahgkh
avkiuksc ykhg nardaikhlutkh.
5. Par
Parkwk
kwktt jajnut
jajnutued
uedkh
kh parkh
parkh mkrc
mkrc bkdtk
bkdtk uhtud
uhtud jahchg
jahchgdkt
dktdkh
dkh chtucs
chtucsc,
c,
fnsarvksc pkmk dicah mkh nkgkcjkhk raspfh tarekmkp chtarvahsc ykhg
mcnarcdkh. Mkikj tchmkdkh mcekrkpdkh parkwkt jajparektcdkh athcd,
sax, usck, duitur mkh stktus dasaektkh.

N. Bkdtf
Bkdtfrr ykhg
ykhg Jajpa
Jajpahgk
hgkrue
ruecc Cjpiaja
Cjpiajahtk
htksc
sc ANP
]armkpkt
]armk pkt nanarkpk
nanarkpk bkdtfr
bkdtfr ykhg mkpkt jajpahgkru
jajpahgkruec
ec cjpiajahtksc
cjpiajahtksc
eksci tajukh pahaictckh mc tktkhkh prkdtad daparkwktkh, ykctu < dkrkdtarcstcd
mkrc okrk kmfpsc (hcikc pahaictckh daparkwktkh, dajkjpukh, mkh daskmkrkh
parkwkt), dkrkdtarcstcd frgkhcsksc (sattchg, ekjnktkh, mkh datarnktkskh),
dkrkdtarcstcd mkrc chfvksc (dukictks pahaictckh), mkh dkrkdtarcstcd mkrc pfik
dfjuhcdksc (okrk pahykjpkckh mkh kdsas da pahaictckh) (Juhtah, Nfgkkrm,
Ofx, Gkrratsah, & Nfhgars, >0;0).
_ktu stumc dukictktcb mkrc ^kpp, Mfug, Okiikgekh, & Efitar (>0;0)

jahyktkdkh nkewk ekjnktkh ykhg kmk skkt cjpiajahtksc ANP mc tktkhkh

dichcs daparkwktkh kmkike < scdkp mkrc suparvcsfr, scdkp mkrc prkdtcscfhar,
scdkp mkrc khggftk ikch mkikj suktu frgkhcsksc, stkdaefimar, mkh pahmkhkkh.
_aikch ctu, suktu eksci pahaictckh mkpkt mccjpiajahtksc datcdk jajahuec

eki-eki mc nkwke chc (Juhtah at ki., >0;04 Garrcse, JoMfhhaii, at ki., >0;;4
Garr
Ga rrcs
cse,
e, Guciik
ciiku
uja,
ja, at ki.,
ki., >0;0;;4
;4 Wcid
Wcidch
chsf
sfh
h, Hur
Hurs, Huti
Hutiayay,, &
Mkvcas,>0;;) <
;. Avcmahoa tars
tarsanu
anutt narscbk
narscbktt cijcke
cijcke mkh sasukc
sasukc mahgkh
mahgkh dfhsahs
dfhsahsus
us
pcekd prfbasscfhki keic mkh sasukc mahgkh pcicekh pkscah.
>. Avcmahoa tarsanut jajcicdc dfhtads bctur pajnaiklkrkh ykhg mkpkt
jajnarcdkh trkhbfrjksc pajcdcrkh pkrk pajcjpch frgkhcsksc mkh
jajc
jajcic
icdc
dc jadk
jadkhc
hcsj
sjaa pajk
pajkht
htku
kukh
kh ujpk
ujpkh
h nk
nkic
icd
d yk
ykhg
hg mk
mkpk
pktt
mcsasukcdkh mahgkh danutuekh.

?. Avcmahoa tarsanut sasukc mahgkh strktagc, datarsamckkh sujnar mkyk,

hcik
hcikcc mkh
mkh dfht
dfhtad
adss numk
numkyk
yk,, sa
sart
rtkk gk
gkyk
yk da
dapa
pajc
jcjp
jpch
chkh
kh mk
mkik
ikj
j
frgkhcsksc.
=. Avcmahoa mkpkt mcavkiuksc.
1. ]armkpkt jksudkh mkrc pkrk bkscictktfr keic.
_kike sktu bkscictktfr ykhg mkpkt mcguhkikh kmkike parkwkt sahcfr
mahgkh pahgkikjkh dichcs mkh lahlkhg pahmcmcdkh ykhg jajkmkc.
jajkhklajah mkh jajprfjfscdkh pahyarkpkh pahgatkeukh nkru.
Mkikj
Mkikj eki jajkhk
jajkhklaj
lajah,
ah, bkscict
bkscictktf
ktfrr nartug
nartugks
ks jahguj
jahgujpui
puidkh
dkh /

jahgekscidkh narnkgkc tajukh pahaictckh, nartchmkd sankgkc sujnar

chbfrjksc nkgc parkwkt dichcs, jahschtascs tajukh pahaictckh, mkh
jahyankrdkh eksci tarsanut hkcd saokrk bfrjki mkh chbfrjki. Mkikj
eki jajprfjfscdkh, bkscictktfr jahgajnkhgdkh pahgatkeukh mkh
datarkjpcikh
datarkjpcikh parkwkt dichcs
dichcs jaikiuc
jaikiuc parkh jfmaichg,
jfmaichg, pahgklkrkh,
pahgklkrkh,
mkh bkscictksc pajaokekh jkskike dichcs. _aikch ctu, lugk tarmkpkt
nanarkpk tcpa partkhykkh narnamk datcdk jajnkeks tahtkhg
pahaictckh chtarvahsc dichcs, ykctu kpkdke chtarvahsc tarsanut nadarlk
(abbcokoy
abbcokoy),
), kp
kpkd
kdke
ke ch
chta
tarv
rvah
ahsc
sc ta
tarsa
rsanu
nutt sk
skjk
jk lcdk
lcdk mc
mcgu
guhk
hkdk
dkh
h mc

nanarkpk pfpuiksc dichcs (abbaotcvahass

abbaotcvahass),
), kpkdke chtarvahsc chc nkcd
 lcdk mcnkhmchgdkh mahgkh tarkpc ikch ( aqucvkiahoa
aqucvkiahoa),
), kp
kpkd
kdke
ke
chtarvahsc chc kjkh, mkh kpkdke chtarvahsc chc narscbkt abadtcb mkrc
sagcc pajnck
sag pajnckykk
ykkh
h (ofstabbaotcva
ofstabbaotcva)) (Bfr
(Bfrna
nas,
s, >0
>003
0344 Nuia
Nuiaoe
oead
ad at ki
ki.,
.,

>0;?).

O. Ekjnktkh
Ekjnktkh Paikdskk
Paikdskkh
h ANP
ANP Pkmk Daparkwk
Daparkwktkh
tkh
;. Nardkctkh
Nardkctkh mahgkh
mahgkh pahgg
pahgguhkkh
uhkkh wkdtu.
wkdtu.
>. Kdsas tarekmkp
tarekmkp lurhki
lurhki mkh
mkh krtcdai.
krtcdai.
?. Datarkjpcikh
Datarkjpcikh uhtud jahokrc.
jahokrc.
=. Datarkjpcikh
Datarkjpcikh mkikj
mkikj jaikdudk
jaikdudkh
h drctcd rcsat.
rcsat.
1. Durkhg
Durkhg pkekj ktku durkhg
durkhg jahgart
jahgartc.
c.
2. Dur
Durkhg
khghyk
hyk dajkjp
dajkjpukh
ukh pahguk
pahgukskkh
skkh nkeksk
nkeksk uhtud
uhtud pahggu
pahgguhkk
hkkh
h eksci-
eksci-

eksci rcsat.
7. _kike pahgartckh
pahgartckh tahtkhg
tahtkhg prfsas.
prfsas.
5. Dukictks
Dukictks mkrc bkdtk ykhg
ykhg mctajud
mctajudkh.
kh.
3. Pa
Paht
htch
chgh
ghyk
yk pajk
pajkek
ekjk
jkh
h ianc
iance
e ik
ikhl
hlut
ut ta
taht
htkh
khg
g nk
nkgk
gkcj
cjkh
khkk uh
uhtu
tud
d
jahgguhkdkh ictarktur eksci pahajukh uhtud chtarvahsc prkdtad ykhg
tarnkcd uhtud mctarkpdkh pkmk dicah.

?. Numkyk mkh
mkh Ichgdup Darlk Parkwkt mkikj Pahchgdktkh
Pahchgdktkh Pktcaht _kbaty
K. Pahgartckh Numkyk mkikj Ichgdup Darlk Parkwkt mkikj

Pahchgdktkh Pktcaht _kbaty

Numkyk darlk mcmabchcscdkh sankgkc danckskkh frkhg nadarlk mkikj suktu
daifjpfd, hcikc, bcifsfbc mkh kturkh-kturkh mkikj daifjpfd ykhg jajnukt
jara
jaradk
dk ncsk
ncsk na
nada
darlk
rlkskj
skjk.
k. Numk
Numkyk
yk jahm
jahmfr
frfh
fhg
g taroc
tarocpt
ptkh
khyk
yk df
dfjc
jctj
tjah
ah
frgkhcsksc
frgkhcsksc mkh jahchgdktd
jahchgdktdkh
kh dfhscstahsc
dfhscstahsc scdkp dkrykwkh (_oeach,
(_oeach, >0;>).
>0;>).
Numk
Numkyk
yk dasa
dasaik
ikjk
jktk
tkh
h pksc
pkscah
ah jaru
jarupk
pkdk
dkh
h ek
ekii ykhg
ykhg jahm
jahmks
kskr
kr mc mk
mkik
ikj
j
paikdskhkkh dasaikjktkh mc rujke skdct. ^ujke skdct ekrus jahlkjch
paharkpkh dasaikjktkh pkscah pkmk paikykhkh dasaektkh ykhg mcnarcdkhhyk
da
dapk
pkmk
mk pk
pksca
scah
h (Bia
(Biajc
jchg
hg & Waht
Wahtza
zai,
i, >0
>0;0
;0).
). Qpky
Qpkykk mk
mkik
ikj
j pa
paik
ikds
dskh
khkk
kkh
h

dasaikjktkh
dasaikjktkh pkscah mckwkic mahgkh
mahgkh paharkpkh
paharkpkh numkyk
numkyk dasaikjktkh
dasaikjktkh pkscah
(DDP
(DDP-^
-^_,
_, >0;>
>0;>).
). Eki
Eki tars
tarsan
anut
ut mcdk
mcdkra
rahk
hkdk
dkh
h na
narb
rbfd
fdus
us pk
pkmk
mk nu
numk
mkyk
yk
dasaikjktkh
dasaikjktkh kdkh jahgekscidkh
jahgekscidkh paharkpkh
paharkpkh dasaikjktkh
dasaikjktkh pkscah ykhg iance
nkcd mcnkhmchgdkh ekhyk narbfdus pkmk prfgrkj dasaikjktkh pkscah sklk (Ai-

Lkrmkic, Mcjkssc
Lkrmkic, Mcjkssc,, Lkjki,
Lkjki, Lkkbkr,
Lkkbkr, & Eajkma
Eajkmae,
e, >0;;).
>0;;). Numkyk
Numkyk dasaik
dasaikjktk
jktkh
h
pkscah jarupkdkh pfhmksc mkikj uskek paharkpkh dasaikjktkh pkscah ykhg
jarupk
jarupkdkh
dkh prcfrc
prcfrctks
tks utkjk
utkjk mkikj
mkikj pajnar
pajnarckh
ckh ikykhk
ikykhkh
h dasaek
dasaektkh
tkh (Mcsoe,
(Mcsoe,
Mraear, Mkvcmsfh, _chcfrcs, & Wkchcf, >0;;4 HP_K, >003).
Pfhm
Pfhmks
kscc da
dasai
saikj
kjkt
ktkh
kh pk
pksca
scah
h yk
ykhg
hg nk
nkcd
cd kd
kdkh
kh jahc
jahchg
hgdk
dktd
tdkh
kh jutu
jutu
paikykhkh dasaektkh deusushyk ksuekh daparkwktkh. Paharkpkh numkyk
dasaikjktkh pkscah ykhg kmadukt kdkh jahgekscidkh paikykhkh daparkwktkh
ykhg narjutu. Paikykhkh dasaektkh ykhg narjutu tcmkd oudup mchcikc mkrc
daiahgdkpkh tadhfifgc, skrkhk prkskrkhk ykhg okhggce mkh patugks dasaektkh

ykhg prfbascfhki, hkjuh lugk mctchlku mkrc prfsas mkh eksci paikykhkh ykhg
mcna
mcnarc
rcdk
dkh
h (Ci
(Ciyk
yks,
s, >0
>0;>
;>).
). ^ujk
^ujke e sk
skdc
dctt ek
ekru
russ nc
ncsk
sk jajk
jajkststcd
cdkh
kh pa
paha
harc
rcjk
jk
paikykhkh dasaektkh tarnanks mkrc rascdf pkmk prfsas pajnarckh ikykhkh
dasa
dasaek
ektk
tkh
h (O
(Oke
keyf
yfhf
hf,, >005
>00544 Biaj
Biajch
chg
g & Waht
Wahtza
zai,
i, >0
>0;0
;0).
). Pa
Paha
hark
rkpk
pkh
h
dasaikjktkh pkscah mc rujke skdct mkpkt jahmatadsc rascdf ykhg kdkh tarlkmc
mkh jajchc
jajchcjki
jkidkh
dkh mkjpkd
mkjpkdhyk
hyk tarekmk
tarekmkp
p pkscah
pkscah mkh patugk
patugkss dasaekt
dasaektkh
kh
deusushyk parkwkt.
Paha
Pahark
rkpk
pkh
h da
dasai
saikj
kjktk
ktkh
h pk
pksca
scah
h mc
mcek
ekrk
rkpd
pdkh
kh mk
mkpk
pktt jaju
jajuhg
hgdc
dchd
hdkh
kh
parkwkt jahoagke tarlkmchyk daskikekh dapkmk pkscah skkt pajnarckh

ikykhkh dasaektkh mc rujke skdct. Eki tarsanut mkpkt jahchgdktdkh rksk kjkh
mkh hykjkh
hykjkh pkscah
pkscah ykhg mcrkwk
mcrkwktt mc rujke
rujke skdct
skdct (Krjai
(Krjaiich
ichf,
f, Grcbbch
Grcbbch,, &
Bctzpktrcod, >0;0).

N. Numky
Numkyk
k mkikj
mkikj Ichgdup
Ichgdup Darlk
Darlk Parkwkt
Parkwkt mkikj
mkikj Pahchgd
Pahchgdktk
ktkh
h Pktcah
Pktcahtt
_kbaty
Qpkykk ykhg taike mcikdudkh
Qpky mcikdudkh mc Chmfhasck
Chmfhasck khtkrk ikch tarmkpkt pkmk skike
sktu
sktu pamf
amfjkh
jkh ykh
khg
g mkpk
mkpktt mcik
mcikd
dsk
skh
hkd
kdkh
kh fia
iae
e pa
park
rkwk
wktt na
narm
rmks
kskr
krd
dkh
PA^JAHDA_ hf. ;23;/JAHDA_/PA/RCCC/>0;; tahtkhg dasaikjktkh pkscah

mc rujke skdct.
;. _kskrkh
_kskrkh C < Jahgcmahtcbcd
Jahgcmahtcbcdksc
ksc Pkscah mahgkh
mahgkh ]apkt
]apkt
^ujke
^ujke skdct
skdct jahgaj
jahgajnkh
nkhgdk
gdkh
h pahmad
pahmadktkh
ktkh uhtud
uhtud jajpar
jajparnkc
nkcdc
dc ktku
ktku

jahchgdkt
jahchgdktdkh
dkh dataic
dataictck
tckh
h mkikj
mkikj jahgcm
jahgcmaht
ahtcbcd
cbcdksc
ksc pkscah
pkscah.. Daskike
Daskikekh
kh
mkikj jahgcmaht
jahgcmahtcbcdksc
cbcdksc pkscah ncsk tarlkmc
tarlkmc pkmk
pkmk pkscah ykhg mkikj
dakmkkh
dakmkkh ykhg tarncus,
tarncus, mcsfrcahtksc
mcsfrcahtksc,, tcmkd skmkr,
skmkr, nartud
nartudkr
kr tajpkt
tajpkt tcmur
ktku dkjkr
dkjkr ktku ifdksc mc rujke skdct,
skdct, kmkhyk daikchkh
daikchkh sahsfrc,
sahsfrc, ktku
kdcnkt sctuksc ykhg ikch. Kmkpuh jkdsum mkrc skskrkh chc kmkike uhtud
jaikdudkh muk dkic pahgaoadkh mkikj satckp dagcktkh paikykhkh da
pkscah. Partkjk uhtud cmahtcbcdksc pkscah sankgkc chmcvcmu ykhg kdkh
jaharc
jaharcjk
jk paikyk
paikykhkh
hkh ktku
ktku pahgfn
pahgfnktkh
ktkh mkh damuk
damuk uhtud
uhtud dasasuk
dasasukckh
ckh
paikykhkh ktku pahgfnktkh tarekmkp chmcvcmu tarsanut. Danclkdkh ktku

prfsamur ykhg mcikdudkh saokrk dfiknfrktcb mcdajnkhgdkh uhtud

jajp
ajpar
arn
nkcd
kcdc prfsa
sass cmahtcbcd
bcdksc deusushyk pkm
kmkk prfsas
pahgcmahtcbcdksckh pkscah datcdk pajnarckh fnkt, mkrke, ktku prfmud
mk
mkh
h sp
spasc
ascja
jah
h ikch
ikch uh
uhtu
tud
d pa
paja
jarc
rcds
dskkh
kkh di
dich
chcs
cs kt
ktku
ku pa
pajn
jnarc
arckh
kh
pahgfnktkh sartk tchmkdkh ikch. Danclkdkh ktku prfsamur tarsanut
jajariudkh samcdcthyk muk okrk uhtud
uhtud jahgcmahtcbcdksc
jahgcmahtcbcdksc safrkhg pkscah
sapart
sapartcc hk
hkjk
jk pk
pksca
scah,
h, hf
hfjf
jfrr ra
radk
dkj
j jamc
jamcs,
s, tk
tkhg
hggk
gkii ik
ikec
ecr,
r, ga
gaik
ikhg
hg
cmahtctks pkscah mahgkh nkr-ofma, mkh ikchikch. _uktu prfsas dfiknfrktcb
mcguhkdkh uhtud jahgajnkhgdkh danclkdkh ktku prfsamur kgkr mkpkt

jajkstcdkh sajuk dajuhgdchk

jajkstcdkh dajuhgdchkh
h sctuksc uhtud
uhtud mkpkt mccmahtcbcd
mccmahtcbcdksc
ksc
mahgkh tapkt mkh oapkt.
Kmkpuh parkh parkwkt mkikj pahchgdktkh pktcaht skbaty kmkike <
;) Pkscah
Pkscah ykhg mcrkwkt
mcrkwkt mccmah
mccmahtcbc
tcbcdks
dkscc mahgkh
mahgkh jahgguh
jahgguhkdk
kdkh
h gaikhg
gaikhg
cmahtctks samcdcthyk muk cmahtctks pkscah (hkjk, tkhggki ikecr ktku
hfjfr radkj jamcd)
>) Pksca
Pkscah
h yk
ykhg
hg mcrk
mcrkwk
wktt mccm
mccmah
ahtc
tcbc
bcdk
dksc
sc ma
mahg
hgkh
kh wkrh
wkrhkk ga
gaik
ikhg
hg yk
ykhg
hg
mctahtudkh mahgkh datahtukh ncru uhtud ikdc-ikdc mkh jarke jumk
uhtud parajpukh, jarke uhtud pkscah ykhg jahgkikjc kiargc mkh

du
duhc
hchg
hg uh
uhtu
tud
d pk
pksca
scah
h ma
mahg
hgkh
kh rcscd
rcscdf
f lk
lktu
tue
e (rcsc
(rcscdf
df lk
lktu
tue
e ta
taik
ike
e
 mcsdfrchg mahgkh jahgguhkdkh prftkp pahcikckh sdfr lktue ykhg
sumke kmk)
?) Pkscah ykhg mcrkwkt
mcrkwkt mccmaht
mccmahtcbcdk
cbcdksc
sc sanaiuj
sanaiuj pajnarckh
pajnarckh fnkt,
fnkt, mkrke,
mkrke,

ktku prfmud mkrke.

=) Pkscah ykhg mcrkwkt
mcrkwkt mccmahtcbcd
mccmahtcbcdksc
ksc sanaiuj
sanaiuj jahgkjnci
jahgkjnci mkrke mkh
spascjah ikch uhtud
uhtud pajarcdskkh dichcs.
1) Pkscah
Pkscah ykhg mcrkwkt
mcrkwkt mccmah
mccmahtcbc
tcbcdks
dkscc sanaiu
sanaiuj
j pajnar
pajnarckh
ckh pahgfnkt
pahgfnktkh
kh
mkh tchmkdkh/prfsamur.

>. _kskrkh
_kskrkh CC< Jahchgdktd
Jahchgdktdkh
kh Dfjuhcdksc
Dfjuhcdksc ykhg
ykhg Abadtcb
Abadtcb
^ujk
^ujke
e sk
skdc
dctt jahg
jahgaj
ajnk
nkhg
hgdk
dkh
h pa
pahm
hmad
adktk
ktkh
h uh
uhtu
tud
d jahc
jahchg
hgdk
dktd
tdkh
kh
dfjuhcdksc ykhg abadtcb khtkr pkrk pajnarc ikykhkh. Dfjuhcdksc ykhg

mcikdudkh saokrk abadtcb, kdurkt, tapkt wkdtu, iahgdkp, laiks, mkh ykhg
jumke
jum ke mcpkek
mcpkekjc
jc fiae
fiae pkscah
pkscah kdkh
kdkh jahgur
jahgurkhg
khgcc daskike
daskikekh
kh mkh mkpkt
mkpkt
jahc
jahchg
hgdk
dktd
tdkh
kh dasa
dasaik
ikjk
jktk
tkh
h pk
pksc
scah
ah.. Df
Dfju
juhc
hcdk
dksc
sc yk
ykhg
hg jumk
jumke
e
jahcjnuidkh daskikekh parsapsc dankhykdkh tarlkmc pkmk skkt parchtke
mcnarcdkh saokrk icskh ktku jaikiuc taiapfh.
Dfjuhcdksc
Dfjuhcdksc ykhg jumke tarlkmc daskikek
daskikekh
h ykhg
ykhg ikch kmkike paikpfrkh
paikpfrkh
dajnkic
dajnkic eksci pajarcdskkh
pajarcdskkh drctcs.
drctcs. ^ujke
^ujke skdct saokrk dfiknfrktc
dfiknfrktcbb
jahgajnkhgdkh suktu danclkdkh ktku prfsamur uhtud parchtke icskh mkh
taia
taiapf
pfh
h tarj
tarjks
ksu
ud jah
jahoktk
oktktt par
arch
chtk
tke
e yk
ykh
hg ia
iah
hgdkp
gdkp kt
ktku
ku eks
ksci
ci

pajarcdskkh fiae paharcjk parchtke, dajumckh paharcjk parchtke

jajnkokdkh dajnkic (rakm nkod) parchtke ktku eksci pajarcdskkh mkh
jaikdu
jaikdudkh
dkh jahgdf
jahgdfhbc
hbcrjk
rjksc
sc nkewk
nkewk kpk ykhg
ykhg sumke
sumke mctuic
mctuicsdk
sdkh
h mkh
mcnkok uikhg kmkike kdurkt. Danclkdkh ktku prfsamur pahgcmahtcbcdksckh
lugk jahlaiksdkh nkewk mcparnfiaedkh tcmkd jaikdudkh pajnkokkh
dajnkic (rakm nkod) ncik tcmkd jajuhgdchdkh sapartc mc dkjkr fparksc
mkh sctuksc gkwkt mkrurkt.
Kmkpuh parkh parkwkt mkikj pahchgdktkh pktcaht skbaty kmkike <
;) Jaik
Jaikdu
dudk
dkh
h dag
dagck
cktk
tkh,
h, ’rakm nkod‚ pkmk skkt jaharcjk parjchtkkh

saokrk
saokrk icskh
icskh ktku
ktku jaharc
jaharcjk
jk chtrud
chtrudsc
sc iawkt
iawkt tai
taiapf
apfh
h mkh pkskhg
pkskhg
 stcdar ‖scgh eara‖ sankgkc pahgchgkt mfdtar ekrus tkhmk tkhgkh.
>) Jahg
Jahggu
guhk
hkdk
dkh
h jatf
jatfma
ma dfjuhc
dfjuhcdk
dksc
sc yk
ykhg
hg tapkt
tapkt yk
ykct
ctu
u _NK^
_NK^ skkt
jaikpf
jaikpfrdk
rdkh
h dakmkk
dakmkkh
h pkscah
pkscah drctcs,
drctcs, jaikdsk
jaikdskhkd
hkdkh
kh sarke
sarke tarcjk
tarcjk

pkscah khtkrk secbt (ekh

khm
m fb
fbb)
b) mkh jaikdskhkdk
jaikdskhkdkh
h sarke tarcjk
pkscah khtkr rukhgkh mahgkh jahgguhkdkh schgdktkh ykhg taike
mctahtudkh fiae jkhklajah.

?. _kskrkh
_kskrkh CCC< Pahchgdktkh
Pahchgdktkh Dakjkhkh
Dakjkhkh Fnkt ykhg Jajnutuedk
Jajnutuedkh
h Parektckh
^ujk
^ujke
e sk
skdc
dctt pari
pariu
u jahg
jahgaj
ajnk
nkhg
hgdk
dkh
h su
sukt
ktu
u pa
pahm
hmad
adkt
ktkh
kh uh
uhtu
tud
d
jajparnkcdc dakjkhkh fnkt-fnkt ykhg pariu mcwkspkmkc ((ecge-kiart
ecge-kiart).
Ncikk fnkt-fn
Nci fnkt-fnktkh
ktkh jahlkm
jahlkmcc nkgckh
nkgckh mkrc
mkrc rahokh
rahokhkk pahgfn
pahgfnktk
ktkh
h pkscah
pkscah,,
jkhklajah rujke skdct ekrus narparkh saokrk drctcs uhtud jajkstcdkh

dasaikjktkh pkscah kgkr tarechmkr mkrc rcscdf daskikekh pajnarckh fnkt.

Fnkt-fnktkh ykhg pariu mcwkspkmkc (ecgekiart
( ecgekiart jamcoktcfhs)
jamcoktcfhs) kmkike fnkt
ykhg
ykhg sarchg jahyanknd
jahyankndkh
kh tarlkmc
tarlkmc daskikekh
daskikekh sarcus ( sahtchai avaht),
fnkt ykhg narcscdf tchggc jahyankndkh mkjpkd ykhg tcmkd mcchgchdkh
(kmv
kmvarsa
arsa futofj
futofjaa) sap
apaartc fnkt-f
-fn
nkt ykhg taricekt jcrcp mkh
damahgkrkhhyk jcrcp.
^ujke skdct saokrk dfiknfrktcb jahgajnkhgdkh suktu danclkdkh ktku
prfsamur uhtud jajnukt mkbtkr fnkt-fnkt ykhg pariu mcwkspkmkc
narmkskrdkh mktk ykhg kmk mc rujke skdct tarsanut. Danclkdkh ktku

prfsamur lugk mkpkt jahgcmahtcbcdksc krak jkhk sklk ykhg

jajnutuedkh aiadtrfict dfhsahtrkt, sapartc mc CGM ktku dkjkr fparksc,
sartkk pajnar
sart pajnarckh
ckh iknai
iknai saokrk
saokrk nahkr
nahkr pkmk
pkmk aiadtrf
aiadtrfict
ict mkh nkgkcj
nkgkcjkhk
khk
pahycjpkhkhhyk mc krak tarsanut, saechggk jajnktksc kdsas, uhtud
jahoagke pajnarckh ykhg tcmkd sahgklk/durkhg ektc- ektc.
Kmkpuh parkh parkwkt mkikj pahchgdktkh pktcaht skbaty kmkike <
;) Jaikdu
Jaikdudkh
dkh sfscki
sfsckicsk
csksc
sc mkh jawks
jawkspkm
pkmkc
kc fnkt
fnkt Iffd Icda mkh _fuhm
Kicda (IK_K) ktku Hkjk Fnkt ^upk Jcrcp (HF^QJ)
>) Jahark
rkp
pdkh dagcktkh mfunia oeaod mkh of
ofu
uhtar scgh satckp

mcstrcnusc fnkt mkh pajnarckh fnkt pkmk jkschg-jkschg chstkhsc

 paikykhkh.
?) Jaharkp
Jaharkpdkh
dkh kgkr
kgkr Fnkt
Fnkt ykhg
ykhg targ
targfif
fifhg
hg ecge kiart narkmk mc tajpkt
ykhg kjkh mkh mcparikdudkh mahgkh parikdukh deusus

=) Jahlkikh
khd
dkh Prchsc scp
p maikpkh Nahkr mkikj paikd kdsk
skh
hkkh
pahmaiagksckh Fnkt (Nahkr Chstrudsc
Chstr udsc Jamcdksc, Pkscah, Fnkt, Jksk
Narikdu Fnkt, Mfscs, Wkdtu, Okrk, mkh Mfdujahtksc).

=. _k
_ksk
skrk
rkh
h CR<
CR< Jahg
Jahgur
urkh
khgc
gc ^csc
^cscdf
df _k
_kik
ike
e Ifdk
Ifdksc
sc,, _k
_kik
ike
e Pk
Pksc
scah
ah mk
mkh
h
]chmkdkh Fparksc
^ujk
^ujke
e sk
skdc
dctt mkpk
mkpktt jahg
jahgaj
ajnk
nkhg
hgdk
dkh
h su
sukt
ktu
u pa
pahm
hmad
adkt
ktkh
kh uh
uhtu
tud
d
jajkstcdkh
jajkstcdkh pajnarckh paikykhkh mcikdudkh mahgkh tapkt ifdksc,
ifdksc, tapkt
prfsamur, mkh tapkt pkscah. _kike ifdksc, skike prfsamur, mkh skike pscah

pkmk fparksc kmkike sasuktu ykhg jahgdekwktcrdkh mkh dajuhgdchkh

tarlkmc mc rujke skdct. Daskikekh chc jarupkdkh kdcnkt mkrc dfjudksc
ykhg tcmkd abadtcb ktku ykhg tcmkd kmadukt khtkrk khggftk tcj namke,
durkhghyk jaicnktdkh pkscah mc mkikj pahkhmkkh ifdksc fparksc ( scta
jkrdatchg), mkh tcmkd kmk prfsamur uhtud varcbcdksc ifdksc fparkssc.
Mc skjpchg ctu, pajarcdkskkh pkscah ykhg tcmkd kmadukt, pahaikkekh
uikhg oktktkh jamcs ykhg durkhg tapkt, numkyk ykhg tcmkd jahmuduhg
dfju
dfjuhc
hcdk
dksc
sc tarn
tarnud
udkk
kkh
h khtk
khtkrk
rk kh
khgg
ggft
ftkk tcj
tcj na
namk
mke
e kt
ktku
ku fp
fpar
arks
ksc,
c,
parjkskikekh ykhg nareunuhgkh mahgkh tuicskh tkhgkh ykhg tcmkd

tarnkok (ciiagcnia
(ciiagcnia ekhmwrcttchg) mkh pajkdkckh schgdktkh kmkike bkdtfr-
bkdtfr ykhg mkpkt jahyankndkh daskikekh. ^ujke skdct pariu uhtud
saokrk dfiknfrktcb jahgajnkhgdkh suktu danclkdkh ktku prfsamur ykhg
abadtcb mc mkikj jahgaicjchksc jkskike ykhg jahgdekwktcrdkh chc.
Mcg
Mcguhkd
uhkdkh
kh lug
lugk dakmk
akmkkh
kh ykh
ykhg na
narn
rnks
kscs
cs nudt
nudtc,
c, sap
sapar
artc
tc ykh
ykhg
mcgkjn
mcgkjnkrd
krdkh
kh mc _urgcoki _kbaty Oeaodicst mk
mkrc
rc WEF
WEF Pktcaht _kbaty
(>003), lugk mc ]ea Lfcht
Lfcht Ofjjcs
Ofjjcsscf
scfh–s
h–s Qhcvars
Qhcvarski
ki Prftfo
Prftfofi
fi bfr
Pravahtchg Wrfhg _cta, Wrfhg Prfoamura,
Prfoamura, Wrfhg Parsfh _urgary
_urgary..
Pahkhmkkh ifdksc fparksc pariu jaicnktdkh pkscah mkh mcikdudkh ktks

sktu pkmk tkhmk ykhg mkpkt mcdahkic. ]khmk ctu ekrus mcguhkdkh saokrk
 dfhscstah
dfhscstah mc
mc rujke
rujke skdct
skdct mkh ekrus mcnukt fiae fparktfr ykhg kdkh
jaikdudkh
jaikdudkh tchmkdkh,
tchmkdkh, mcikdskhkd
mcikdskhkdkh
kh skkt pkscah tarlkgk
tarlkgk mkh skmkr lcdk
jajuhg
jajuhgdch
dchdkh
dkh,, mkh ekrus
ekrus taricek
taricektt skjpkc
skjpkc skkt kdkh
kdkh mcskyk
mcskykt.
t.

Pahkhmkkh ifdksc fparksc

Pahkhmkkh fparksc mcikdudkh
mcikdudkh pkmk sajuk dksus tarjksud scsc
(iktarkicty
iktarkicty),
), juitcpai strudtur (lkrc tkhgkh, lkrc dkdc, iasc) ktku juitcpai
iavai (nkgckh tuikhg naikdkhg). Prfsas
Prfsas varcbcdksc prkfparktcb mctuludkh
uhtu
uhtud
d jajv
jajvar
arcb
cbcd
cdks
kscc ifdk
ifdksc
sc,, pr
prfs
fsam
amur
ur,, mk
mkh
h pk
pksc
scah
ah yk
ykhg
hg na
nahk
hkr,
r,
jajkstcdkh nkewk sajuk mfdujah, bftf (cjkgchg
( cjkgchg), eksci pajarcdskkh
ykhg raiavkh tarsamck mkh
mkh mcnarc iknai mahgkh
mahgkh nkcd sartk mcpkjpkhg mkh
jaikdudkh
jaikdudkh varcbcdksc datarsamckkh
datarsamckkh parkiktkh
parkiktkh deusus
deusus mkh/ktku
mkh/ktku cjpikht
cjpikht -
cjpi
cjpikh
khtt yk
ykhg
hg mcnu
mcnutu
tued
edkh
kh.. ]kek
]kekpk
pkh
h ’_
’_an
anai
aiuj
uj ch
chscs
scsc‚
c‚ ( ]cja
]cja fu
futt)
jajuhgdchdkh sajuk partkhykkh ktku dadaicrukh mcsaiaskcdkh mahgkh

nkcd mkh tapkt. ]cja fut mcikd

mcikdudkh
udkh mc tajpkt
tajpkt mcjkhk
mcjkhk tchmkdkh
tchmkdkh kdkh
mcikdudkh, tapkt sanaiuj tchmkdkh mcjuikc, mkh jaicnktdkh saiurue tcj
fparksc. ^ujke skdct jahatkpdkh nkgkcjkhk prfsas ctu
mcmfdujahtkscdkh saokrk rchgdks, jcskihyk jahgguhkdkh oeaodicst mkh
sankgkchyk.
Kmkp
Kmkpuh
uh park
parkh
h park
parkwk
wktt mkik
mkikj
j pa
pahc
hchg
hgdk
dktk
tkh
h pktcaht skbaty kmkike
jajnar
jajnarcc tkhmk
tkhmk spcmfi
spcmfi sdch jkrdar
jkrdar pkmk
pkmk scsc
scsc fparksc
fparksc (_urgc
( _urgcoki
oki _cta
Jkrdchg) ykhg tapkt mahgkh okrk ykhg laiks mcjahgartc mkh jaicnktdkh
pkscah mkikj eki chc (Chbfrjam Ofhsaht).

1. _kskrkh
_kskrkh R< Jahgurkhgc
Jahgurkhgc ^cscdf Chbadsc
Chbadsc
^ujke
^ujke skdct
skdct jahgaj
jahgajnkh
nkhgdk
gdkh
h suktu
suktu pahmad
pahmadktk
ktkh
h uhtud
uhtud jahgu
jahgurkh
rkhgc
gc
rcscd
rcscdf
f ch
chbad
badsc
sc yk
ykhg
hg tard
tardkct
kct pa
paik
ikyk
ykhk
hkh
h da
dasae
saekt
ktkh
kh yk
ykhg
hg mc
mcna
narc
rcdk
dkh.
h.
Pahoagkekh
Pahoagkekh mkh pahgahmkic
pahgahmkickh
kh chbadsc
chbadsc jarupkdkh
jarupkdkh tkhtkhgkh
tkhtkhgkh tarnaskr
tarnaskr
mk
mkik
ikj
j tktk
tktkhk
hkh
h pa
paiky
ikykh
khkh
kh da
dasae
saekt
ktkh
kh mk
mkh
h pa
pahc
hchg
hgdk
dktk
tkh
h nc
ncky
kykk uh
uhtu
tud
d
jahgktksc
jahgktksc chbadsc
chbadsc ykhg nareunuhg
nareunuhgkh
kh mahgkh
mahgkh paikykhkh
paikykhkh dasaektkh
dasaektkh
jarupkdkh eki ykhg jahlkmc parektckh naskr nkgc pkscah jkupuh
jkupuh pkrk
prfbascfhki paikykhkh dasaektkh. Chbadsc nckskhyk mclujpkc mkikj

sajuk nahtud paikykhkh dasaektkh tarjksud

tar jksud chbadsc skiurkh dajce,
 chbadsc pkmk kicrkh mkrke mkh phaujfhck. Puskt mkrc aicjchksc chbadsc
chc
jkupuh
jkupuh chbadsc
chbadsc-ch
-chbad
badsc
sc ikc
ikch
h kmkike
kmkike dagckt
dagcktkh
kh ouoc
ouoc tkhgkh
tkhgkh ( ekhm

eygcaha)) ykhg tapkt. Pamfjkh ekhm eygcaha ncsk mcnkok mc dapustkdkkh

eygcaha
WEF, mkh narnkgkc frgkhcsksc hkscfhki mkh chtarhkscfhki. ^ujke skdct
jajpuhykc prfsas dfiknfrktcb uhtud jahgajnkhgdkh danclkdkh ktku
prfsamur ykhg jahyasukcdkh ktku jahgkmfpsc patuhlud ekhm eygcaha
ykhg mctarcjk saokrk ujuj mkh uhtud cjpiajahtksc patuhlud ctu mc
rujke skdct.
Kmkpuh parkh parkwkt mkikj pahchgdktkh pktcaht skbaty kmkike <
;) Jahouo
Jahouocc tkhgkh
tkhgkh sanaiuj
sanaiuj mkh sasumke
sasumke narsahtu
narsahtuekh
ekh mahgkh
mahgkh pkscah,
pkscah,
sanaiuj jaikdudkh tchmkdkh, sasumke narsahtuekh mahgkh okcrkh

tunue pkscah, sasumke narsahtuekh mahgkh ichgduhgkh pkscah ( bcva

jfjaht ouoc tkhgkh ).
>) Jahgguhkdkh Ekhm run mc ru
rukh
khg
g pa
parkw
rkwkt
ktkh
kh mk
mkh
h jaik
jaikdu
dudk
dkh
h
paiktcekh ouoc tkhgkh abadtcb.
?) Jajnar
Jajnarcdk
cdkh
h tkhggk
tkhggkii mahgkh
mahgkh jahggu
jahgguhkd
hkdkh
kh spcmfi
spcmfi ktku
ktku tchtk
tchtk ykhg
laiks satckp jaikdudkh prfsamur chvkscb (chbusa, mfwar oktatar,
ORO, W_M, mkh ikch-ikch)

2. _kskrkh
_kskrkh RC< Pahgurkh
Pahgurkhgkh
gkh ^cscdf
^cscdf Pkscah
Pkscah Lktue

^ujke
^ujke skdct
skdct jahgaj
jahgajnkh
nkhgdk
gdkh
h suktu
suktu pahmad
pahmadktk
ktkh
h uhtud
uhtud jahgu
jahgurkh
rkhgc
gc
rcscd
rcscdf
f pk
pksca
scah
h mk
mkrc
rc oamark
oamark dk
dkrah
rahkk lk
lktu
tue.
e. Luji
Lujike
ke dk
dksu
suss lktue
lktue ou
oudu
dup
p
narjkdhk sankgkc pahyankn oamark nkgc pkscah rkwkt chkp. Mkikj
dfhtads
dfhtads jksykrkdkt
jksykrkdkt ykhg mcikykhc,
mcikykhc, paikykhkh
paikykhkh ykhg mcsamckdkh,
mcsamckdkh, mkh
bkscictkshyk
bkscictkshyk rujke
rujke skdct pariu
pariu jahga
jahgavkiuksc
vkiuksc rcscdf
rcscdf pkscah
pkscah lktue mkh
jahgkjnci
jahgkjnci tchmkdkh
tchmkdkh uhtud
uhtud jahgurkhg
jahgurkhgcc rcscdf oamark ncik skjpkc
skjpkc
lktue. Avkiuksc ncsk tarjksud rcwkykt lktue, fnkt mkh taikke pkscah
yk
ykhg
hg na
narj
rjda
daju
juhg
hgdc
dchk
hkh
h jahg
jahgdf
dfhs
hsuj
ujsc
sc ki
kidf
dfef
efi,
i, gk
gkyk
yk lk
lkik
ikh
h mk
mkh
h
dasacjnkhgkh, sartk kikt nkhtu narlkikh
narlkikh ykhg mcguhkdkh fiae pkscah

Kmkpuh parkh parkwkt mkikj pahchgdktkh pktcaht skbaty kmkike <

;) Jaik
Jaikdu
dudk
dkh
h pa
pahg
hgdk
dklc
lckh
kh rc
rcscd
scdf
f lk
lktu
tue
e pk
pkmk
mk pk
pksc
scah
ah yk
ykhg
hg mcrkwk
mcrkwktt mc
rujke skdct.
>) Jaikdudkh
Jaikdudkh tchmkdkh
tchmkdkh uhtud
uhtud jahgur
jahgurkhgc
khgc ktku
ktku jahgecikhg
jahgecikhgdkh
dkh rcscdf
rcscdf

lktue.
?) Jajnar
Jajnarcdk
cdkh
h tkhmk ncik pkscah
pkscah narcscdf
narcscdf lktue
lktue mahgkh
mahgkh gaikhg
gaikhg wkrhk
wkrhk
duhchg mkh dfma lktue ykhg taike mctatkpdkh fiae jkhklajah
 NKN CCC
PAHQ]QP

K. Dascjpuikh
Pahgaj
Pahgajnkh
nkhgkh
gkh ANP (Avcmahoa Nksam Prkotcoa)
Prkotcoa) uhtud
uhtud jahchg
jahchgdkt
dktdkh
dkh
dasaikj
dasaikjktkh
ktkh pscah
pscah mc daparkw
daparkwktk
ktkh
h nudkh
nudkh sasuktu
sasuktu eki ykhg
ykhg jumke
jumke mcikdu
mcikdudkh
dkh,,
saikch parkwkt ekrus keic mikj rcsat, parkwkt lugk ekrus jajpuhykc
jajpuhykc pahgkikjkh
dichcd ykhg ikjk mkh jahpuhykc dajkjpukh narbcdcr drctcs ykhg nkcd. _aechggk
paharkpkh ANP mkh rcsat dichcs jarupkdkh tkhtkhgkh nkgc parkwkt kgkr mkpkt
jajn
jajnar
arcd
cdkh
kh tchm
tchmkd
kdkh
kh da
dapa
parkw
rkwkt
ktkh
kh yk
ykhg
hg ia
ianc
nce
e ta
tapk
pktt mk
mkh
h kd
kduh
uhtk
tkna
naii ma
majc
jc
pahchgdktkh dasaikjktkh pkscah.