Experiment 2

MOMENTUM AND KINETIC ENERGY OF

ELASTIC AND INELASTIC COLLISION

Name: Vũ Ngọc Mai Anh

ID: 20230607
Class: BF-E19 01 – K68
Group: 01
Verification of the instrucstors
 I. Experiment Results
1. Elastic collision
m 1=400.8 g , m2=759.7 g , S=100 mm=0.100 m
Trial t 1 (s) t 1 ' (s) t 2 ' (s )
s
1 0.168 0.871 0.264
2 0.168 0.892 0.263
3 0.168 0.840 0.263
4 0.171 0.852 0.266
5 0.167 0.862 0.260
6 0.168 0.844 0.262
7 0.170 0.891 0.261
8 0.170 0.899 0.264
9 0.169 0.892 0.263
10 0.169 0.894 0.261
t 1=0.169 t 1 '=0.874 t 2 '=0.263

√ √ √
10 10 10

∑ ( ti−t 1 ) 2
∑ ( ti−t 1 ' ) 2
∑ ( ti−t 2 ' )2
i=1 i=1 i=1
s . d .= =0.0012 s . d .= =0.0216 s . d .= =0.0017
10 10 10

s.d . s.d . s.d .

Δt 1=S . D .= =0.0004 Δt 1 '=S . D .= =0.0007 Δt 2 '=S . D .= =0.0005
√ 10 √ 10 √ 10

2. Inelastic collision
m 1=798.3 g ,m 2=401.9 g , S=100 mm=0.100 m

Trials t=t 1=t 2(s) ' '

t =t 1=t 2 '(s)
1 0.239 0.456
2 0.240 0.434
3 0.240 0.436
4 0.243 0.449
 5 0.241 0.442
6 0.243 0.452
7 0.239 0.440
8 0.242 0.442
9 0.242 0.446
10 0.240 0.429
t 1=0.240 t 1 '=0.443

√ √
10 10

∑ ( ti−t 1 )2
∑ ( ti−t 1 ' )2
i=1 i=1
s . d .= =¿ 0.0017 ¿ s . d .= =0.0855
10 10
s.d . s.d .
⇒Δt 1=S . D .= =0.0005 ⇒Δt 1 '=S . D .= =0.0270
√ 10 √ 10

II. Data Processing

1. Elastic collision
a. Momentum
- Before the collision
p=m1
l
t1
=0.4008 ×
0.100
0.169
=0.237 2 kg .
m
s ( )
√( ∆ t1 2
) √( ) ( )
2
0.0004 m
⇒ ∆ p=p × =0.237 2 × ≈ 0.0001 kg .
t1 0.1690 s

Hence

p= p ± ∆ p=( 237. 1 ± 0.1 ) ×10 ¿)

−3

- After the collision

' l l
p =−m1 +m2
t1' t 2'

(
¿ −400.8 ×
100
0.874
+795.7 ×
100
0.263 )
× 10−6=0.2567 kg .
m
s ( )
 √( )( )
∆ t1 ' 2 ∆ t2 ' 2

⇒ ∆ p =p ×
' '
+
t 1' t 2'

=0.2567 ×
√( 0.8740
+)(
0.0007 2 0.0005 2
0.2630 )
≈ 0.0005 kg .
m
s ( )
Hence
' −3 m
p '= p ± ∆ p '= (2 5 6. 7 ±0. 5 ) ×10 (kg . )
s

- The percentage of changing in momentum

%C=¿ p−p '∨ ¿ =¿ 0.2567−0.2371∨ ¿ ≈7.64 % ¿ ¿
p 0.2567

b. Kinetic energy
- Before the collision

() ( )
2 2
1 l 1 0.100
K= m1 = ×0.4008 × =0.0702 ( J )
2 t1 2 0.169

√(
∆ t1 2
) √ ( )
2
0.0004
⇒ ∆ K=K × 4 =0.0702 × 4 × ≈ 0.0003(J )
t1 0.1690

Hence

−3
K=∆ K ± K =( 7 0. 2± 0. 3 ) ×10 ( J )

- After the collision

( ) ( )
2 2
' 1 l 1 l
K = m1 + m2
2 t1 ' 2 t2 '

( ) ( )
2 2
1 0.100 1 0.100
¿ ×0.4008 × + × 0.7957 × =0.0601 ( J )
2 0.874 2 0.263

√(
∆ t1 ' 2
) ( )
2
∆ t2'
⇒ ∆ K =K 4 +4
t 1' t 2'
 √
¿ 0.0601 × 4 × ( 0.0004 2
0.874 )
+4 × (
0.0005 2
0.263 )
≈ 0.0002(J )

Hence

−3
K ' =∆ K ' ± K ' =( 6 0. 1± 0. 2 ) ×10 ( J )

- The percentage of changing in kinetic energy

%C=¿ K −K '∨ ¿ =¿ 0. 0702−0.0601∨ ¿ ≈14. 39 % ¿ ¿
K 0.0702

2. Inelastic collision
a. Momentum
- Before the collision
l
p=m =0.7983 ×
t
0.100
0.240
=0.3326 kg .
m
s ( )
⇒ ∆ p=p ×
√( ∆t 2
t )
=0.3326 ×
√( 0.0005 2
0.240 )
≈ 0.0007 kg . (
m
s )
Hence

p= p ± ∆ p=( 332. 6 ± 0. 7 ) ×10 ¿)

−3

- After the collision

l
p '=(m1 +m2) ' = ( 0.7983+ 0.4019 ) ×
t
0.100
0. 443
=0. 2701 kg .
m
s ( )
⇒ ∆ p '= p' ×
√( t' )
∆t 2
=0. 00 27 ×
√( 0.0270 2
0. 4430 )
≈ 0. 00 0 2 kg .(m
s )
Hence
 ' −3 m
p '= p ± ∆ p '= (270.1 ± 0 .2 ) × 10 (kg . )
s

- The percentage of changing in momentum

%C=¿ p−p '∨ ¿ =¿ 0.3326−0.2709∨ ¿ ≈ 18.55 % ¿ ¿
p 0.3326

b. Kinetic energy
- Before the collision

() ( )
2 2
1 l 1 0.100
K= m1 = ×0.7983 × =0. 0693 ≈ 0.069 ( J )
2 t 2 0.240

⇒ ∆ K =K × 4
√( ∆t 2
t )
=0.0693 × 4 ×
√
0.0005 2
0.2400 ( )
=0.0028 ≈ 0.00 3(J )

Hence

K=∆ K ± K =0.069 ± 0.003 (J )

- After the collision

() ( )
2 2
' 1 l 1 0.100
K = ( m 1 +m2 ) ' = × ( 0.7983+0. 4019 ) ×
2 t 2 0.443

¿ 0.0306 ≈ 0.031 ( J )

⇒ ∆ K=K 4
√( ∆t' 2
t' )
=0.0306 × 4 ×
√
0.0270 2
0.4430 ( )
=0.0037 ≈ 0.004 ( J )

Hence

K '=∆ K ' ± K '=0.03 1 ±0.00 4(J )

The percentage of changing in kinetic energy”

%C=¿ K −K '∨ ¿ =¿ 0. 0693−0. 0306∨ ¿ ≈ 55. 84 % ¿ ¿
K 0. 0693
III. Conclusion
1. Elastic collison
- The amount of momentum and kinetic energy after the collison is
less than the amount before the collision. The reason for this is the
air friction and the kinetic friction.
- Although there are differences in the momentum and kinetic energy
between the before and after result, the percentage of changing
aren’t as significant as inelastic: the percentage of changing of kinetic
energy is 14.39%

2. Inelastic collision
- The amount of momentum and kinetic energy after the collision is
less than the amount before the collision. The reason fot the
changing in momentim is because of the air friction and the track.
But in the elastic collision, when we compared to elastic collision, has
a significant decrease: 55.84%
- This result makes sense because the inelastic collision in theory does
not have kinetic energy coservation.