AP BIO Ch 11 Sec 1-2

A ____________________allows one to easily calculate the probability of

genotypes and phenotypes among offspring. - ANSWER-Punnett square

The _________________ of probability tells that to determine the chances of

independent events, such as the likelihood of inheriting a certain allele,
probabilities are multiplied. - ANSWER-product rule

The chance of inheriting either an E or an e from a heterozygous parent is 50%.

Therefore the chance of the offspring having genotype Ee is 25% and eE is 25%.
The sum rule tells us the probability of producing a heterozygous offspring is
therefore _____%. - ANSWER-50

The ______________ of probability states that when the same event can occur
in more than one way, the results are added. - ANSWER-sum rule

According to the blending pattern of inheritance, an offspring's genetic makeup is

an ______________ between that of its parents. - ANSWER-intermediate

the _____________________ was a popular thought especially before the 19th

century. - ANSWER-blending pattern of inheritance

According to the ______________________, red flowers crossed with white

flowers will produce all pink offspring. - ANSWER-blending pattern of inheritance

The particulate concept of inheritance was developed by __________. -

ANSWER-Mendel

According to the particulate concept of inheritance, _________________ act as

hereditary units and are reshuffled from generation to generation. -
ANSWER-minute particles
According to the _______________________, red flowers crossed with white
flowers produce red, white, or pink flowers, depending on the combination of
parental alleles and the specific type of inheritance. - ANSWER-particulate
concept of inheritance

When doing dihybrid crosses, it is assumed that the traits assort independently of
one another. This is because they are on _____ chromosomes. -
ANSWER-different

If an individual within the parental generation was heterozygous for both traits,
what combinations of traits could their gametes possess? - ANSWER-WS, Ws,
wS, and ws

Consider a cell that has four pairs of chromosomes. What is the number of
possible chromosome orientations in that cell? - ANSWER-16

The orientation of each tetrad at the spindle equator is - ANSWER-Random

T/F The number of possible chromosomal orientations during metaphase I is

equal to the number of chromosome pairs raised to the 2nd power. -
ANSWER-False

T/F Each orientation of chromosomes produces gametes with the same genetic
information from each parent. - ANSWER-False

The number of possible chromosome orientations is equal to ___ raised to the

number of chromosome pairs. - ANSWER-2

Each orientation produces gametes with _____________ combinations of

parental chromosomes. - ANSWER-different

Prior to Mendel's work on genetics using pea plants, other various hypotheses
were proposed to explain ____________. - ANSWER-heredity

One of these hypotheses about heredity supported the ________________

concept of inheritance. - ANSWER-blending
Most breeders acknowledged that both sexes contributed equally to offspring
traits to create offspring with ________________ traits. - ANSWER-intermediate

red flowers and white flowers would breed pink flowers unless ______________
in the genetic material existed. - ANSWER-instability

However, the blending of inheritance didn't account for the presence of

___________________ traits that exist in populations. -
ANSWER-non-intermediate

Mendel's background in _____________________ prepared him for his work in

genetics. - ANSWER-mathematics and science

Before choosing to work with _______________, Mendel did preliminary

research on several other specimens. - ANSWER-pea plants

Mendel chose his plants because they were... - ANSWER-easy to grow, had a
shortgeneration time, and produced multiple offspring.

Mendel also chose to study _________________ traits, such as seed shape and
color, and flower color. - ANSWER-easily detected

Mendel's careful record keeping allowed him to interpret his results and arrive at
the ___________________. - ANSWER-theory of inheritance

Parent cell contains ___ pair(s) of homologous chromosomes. - ANSWER-2

During ______________, all random combinations of homologous chromosomes

are possible in keeping with the law of independent assortment. -
ANSWER-metaphase I

During ________________, each daughter cell contains only 1 member of each

homologous pair in keeping with the law of segregation. - ANSWER-metaphase
II

Because of Mendel's 2 laws, the resulting ____________ contain random

combinations of chromosomes and alleles. - ANSWER-gametes
The law of ________________ states that chromosomes segregate evenly
during gamete formation during meiosis II. - ANSWER-segregation

gametes from meiosis II can then fuse to form zygotes with a correct number of
chromosomes, this is known as ___________. - ANSWER-euploidy

When chromosomes don't separate evenly, the resulting zygotes can have
incorrect chromosome number, also called ______________. -
ANSWER-aneuploidy

The fusion of gametes with 2 and 1 chromosome would result in

_____________. - ANSWER-monosomy

The fusion of gametes with 2 and 3 chromosomes would result in ___________?

- ANSWER-Trisomy