AVMG 3600 - Exam 1 Flashcards

Reliability - ANS-A measure of how long a piece of equipment performs its intended
function
- Remember as: mean time between failure (MTBF)

Maintainability - ANS-A measure of the efficiency in restoring functional purpose

- Remember as: Mean time to repair (MTTR)

Availability - ANS-A measure of the ability to perform the intended function over time
- Remember as: Percentage of uptime/total time

Design for Manufacturability - ANS-- Choices that result in a system that is easily and
efficiently manufactured

Design for Maintainability - ANS-- choices that result in a system that is easily and
efficiently restored to its available status

Servicing v. Maintenance - ANS-Servicing: restore materials intended to be consumed

during normal operations
- Ex: refuel, remove waste, adjust settings
Maintenance: the process of ensuring that a system continually performs its intended
function at its designed-in level of reliability and safety.
- Ex: proactive and reactive responses

Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) - ANS-- Evaluate mode, likelihood, and the
consequence of a failure happening.
- Focus on the things affecting safety and economic consequences
- Use decision-tree method to determine preventative tasks

Risk Management Approach to Maintenance - ANS-Overall maintenance strategy that is

designed to optimize availability/cost, that views risk in three different ways:
- Prevent: engineering and design solutions (redundancy, reliability)
- Repair High: maintenance solutions (life-limited replacement, on condition)
- Repair Low: maintenance solutions (monitor, replace after failure)

Reliability + Maintainability = ? - ANS-Availability

Why do we have to do maintenance (entropy analogy)? - ANS-Entropy is always
moving from order to disorder, and reliability is the same way. Over time, parts continue
to wear down, so maintenance is there to combat this.

2 Types of Maintenance: - ANS-- Preventative (scheduled)

- Restorative (unscheduled)

Preventative/Scheduled Maintenance - ANS-- performed at regular intervals

- occurs before the failure/breakdown of a part/system

Restorative/Unscheduled Maintenance - ANS-- performed after system failure or

damage

What is the purpose of redesign? - ANS-You can redesign the engines to reduce the
long-term cost of maintenance to fix them. It fixes the problem, while also remaining
cost efficient.

Role of Engineers v. Mechanics - ANS-Engineers: minimize a system's entropy they are

designing within the required constraint (cost)
Mechanics: combat the continual increase in entropy during the operational lifetime of
the equipment

Systematic Approach - ANS-- Deliberate, step-by-step, methodical linear process that

accomplishes some goal; One step at a time; Same way every time; Predictable,
expected result
- Made up of things like inputs, resources, relationships, outputs, boundaries, systems,
and subsystems

System - ANS-A collection of components designed to work together to efficiently

perform a certain function

What is an example of a complex system of systems? - ANS-Airplane/Aircraft

What are the two approaches to maintenance? - ANS-1. Process-Oriented - specific

maintenance processes that can be applied to any component
2. Task-Oriented - uses predetermined maintenance tasks to avoid in-service failures;
more inclusive of RCM approach; top-down approach

What programs are considered "bottom-up" approaches? - ANS-MSG-1 & MSG-2

Hard Time (HT) Approach - ANS-- a predetermined interval/failure preventative
maintenance
- Used on items with a "definite" wear-out cycle
- Requires that the item be entirely removed, replaced, or overhauled before exceeding
the "interval" as listed above
- Example: landing gear or engine overhaul

On-Condition (OC) Approach - ANS-- Measure or evaluate wear/deterioration

- A predetermined interval for evaluation, where the equipment is tested against a
appropriated physical standard
- Must be done without a tear-down inspection

Condition Monitoring (CM) Approach - ANS-- monitors failure rates, removals, etc.
- for components that do not have a definite lifetime
- unscheduled maintenance

Shortcomings of MSG-2 - ANS-- Maintenance at any cost; doesn't adequately address

hidden failures; bottom-up approach is resource intensive; does not address corrosion;
CM is confusing

MSG-3 - ANS-1. Identify "Maintenance Significant Items" (MSIs)

- Systems, Powerplants
2. Determine if failure is evident or hidden
3. Determine the impact of failure if it were to happen
- Safety, Operational, Economical
4. Determine applicable maintenance task and interval (or design)

What are the 3 MSG-3 tasks categories? - ANS-1. Airframe Systems (MSIs)
2. Structural Items (SSIs)
3. Zonal

What are the 3 sources of structural deterioration? - ANS-1. Corrosion

2. Fatigue
3. Accident

What are the 3 structural inspection techniques? - ANS-1. General Visual

2. Detailed
3. Special Detailed
What are the three types of certification associated with an aircraft? - ANS-1. Aircraft
Certification (parts 21, 25, and 26)
2. Air Carrier and Operator Certification (Part 119)
3. Airmen & Mechanics Certification (Part 65)

What are the 3 type of Aircraft Certificates? - ANS-1. Type Certificate - aircraft design
2. Production Certificate - Manufacturing process
3. Airworthiness Certificate - Aircraft conformance

What are the two classifications of an Airworthiness Certificate? - ANS-- Standard

- Special

What are the "three paths" to becoming an Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) Mechanic? -
ANS-1. On-the-job experience
2. Part 147 school graduate
3. Military Experience

Inherent Reliability - ANS-The level of reliability the item will exhibit when protected by
preventive. maintenance and adequate servicing

Verification v. Validation - ANS-Verification: an existing procedure is deemed correct,

adequate, and acceptable based on knowledge of the intended purpose (SHOULD
WORK)
Validation: the procedure is deemed acceptable and adequate based on actual
performance and testing (DOES WORK)

Operational Check - ANS-- Operating the equipment as usual to determine if its fulfilling
its intended purpose
- No special test equipment or tools are used

Functional Check - ANS-- Uses additional equipment or tools for a more accurate
measurement of the various parameters of the unit
- A quantitive check to determine if each function performs within specified limits

What are the goals of Aircraft Maintenance (ATA)? - ANS-- To deliver AIRWORTHY
VEHICLES to flight to meet their schedule
- To deliver these vehicles with all necessary maintenance actions complete or properly
deferred
What are the 5 objectives of Air Carrier Maintenance? - ANS-1. To ENSURE
REALIZATION of the inherent safety and reliability levels of the aircraft
2. To RESTORE safety and reliability to their inherent levels when deterioration has
occurred
3. To OBTAIN the information necessary for ADJUSTMENT & OPTIMIZATION of the
program when these levels are not met
4. To OBTAIN the information necessary for DESIGN IMPROVEMENT of those items
whose inherent reliability proves inadequate
5. To accomplish these objectives at a MINIMUM TOTAL COST, including maintenance
costs and the cost of resulting failures.

What are the 3 types of "Controlled Documents"?

*Know examples for each* - ANS-1. Manufacturers: AIM, FIM, FRM, IPC, etc.
2. Regulatory: FARs, ACs, ADs, NPRM
3. Operators: Ops Specs, TPPM, IM, RM, etc.

1978 United Airlines Study - ANS-- Nowland & Heap observed 6 shapes of hazard rates
- Only 11% of components exhibited "wear out" failure patterns