Gjhêemz-Kmec`j y cfas.

Bp êen
Bpêe njcm
Èenjcm nm Cbajnbn nm Sumòf nm \jttsdurk`

Efhdrm y bpmaajnfs7

Smxf7 Mnbn7

Abs sjku jmetms prmkuetbs `bcme rmimrmecjb

rmimrmecjb b ab hbemrb me qum `b nfrhjn f nu rbetm ma ÷atjhf hms. Jetmetm
Jetmetm rmspfenmr
nm ab hbemrb
hbemrb hâs mxbctb
mxbctb pfsjdam af fcurrjn f nurbetm ab hbyfr pbrtm nm afs nèbs y efc`ms nma ÷atjhf hms. \fr
\fr ibvfr
cfetmstm ^FNBS abs prmkuetbs.
2. Nurbetm ma ÷atjhf hms, ¶cuâa `b sjnf, usubahmetm, su `frb nm bcfstbrsm6
4. Nurbetm ma ÷atjhf hms,
hms, ¶cuâetf tjmhpf `b tbrnbnf me nfrhjrsm me abs efc`ms nma ÷atjhf
÷atjhf hms6
me
(Bpuetm ma tjmhpf me hjeutfs )
3. Nurbetm ma ÷atjhf hms, ¶b qum `frb sm `b mstbnf amvbetbenf pfr ab hbòbeb6
>. ¶Cuâetbs `frbs cbacuab qum qum `bdrâ nfrhjnf vmrn
vmrnbnmrbhmetm
bnmrbhmetm cbnb efc`m nurbetm ma ÷atjhf hms6hms6
(ma tjmhpf pumnm smr njimrmetm ba qum pmrhbemzcb me ab cbhb) (Bpuetm abs `frbs qum crmm `bdmr
`bdmr nfrhj nf)
\brb cbnb ueb nm abs sjk ujmetms p rmkuet bs, majgb ab rmspumstb qum hâs sm bgust m b su cbsf. \fr ibvfr, cfe tmstm ^FNBS
^FNBS
abs prmkuetbs.
=. Nurbetm ma ÷atjhf hms, ¶cuâetbs vmcms `b tmejnf prfdam- j) Suirjr nfafrms7
hbs pbrb nfrhjr b cbusb nm7 ( ) Ejekueb vmz me ma ÷atjhf hms
b) Ef pfnmr cfecjajbr ma sumòf me ab prjhmrb hmnjb
hmnjb `frb7 ( ) Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb
( ) Ejekueb vmz me ma ÷atjhf hms ( ) ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb
( ) Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb ( ) ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb
( ) ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb g) Ftrbs rbzfems
rbzfems (pfr ibvfr nmscrèdbabs
nmscrèdbabs b cfetjeubcjóe)7
( ) ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb
d) Nmspmrtbrsm nurbetm ab efc`m
efc`m f nm hbnrukbnb7
( ) Ejekueb vmz me ma ÷atjhf hms
( ) Ejekueb vmz
vmz me ma ÷atjhf
÷atjhf hms
( ) Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb ( ) Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb
( ) ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb ( ) ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb
( ) ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb ( ) ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb
c) ^memr qum amvbetbrsm pbrb jr ba sbejtbrjf7 9. Nurbetm ma ÷atjhf hms ¶cóhf vbafrbrèb, me cfeguetf, ab
( ) Ejekueb vmz
vmz me ma ÷atjhf
÷atjhf hms cbajnbn nm su nfrhjr6
( ) Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb ( ) Dbstbetm dumeb
( ) ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb ( ) Dumeb
( ) ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb ( ) Hbab
n) Ef pfnmr rmspjrbr djme7 ( ) Dbstbetm hbab
( ) Ejekueb vmz
vmz me ma ÷atjhf
÷atjhf hms
( ) Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb ;. Nurbetm ma ÷atjhf hms, ¶cuâetbs
¶cuâetbs vmcms `bdrâ tfhbnf
( ) ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb hmnjcjebs (pfr su cumetb f rmcmtbnbs pfr ma hênjcf) pbrb
( ) ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb nfrhjr6
m) ^fsmr f rfecbr rujnfsbhmetm7 ( ) Ejekueb vmz me ma ÷atjhf hms
( ) Ejekueb vmz
vmz me ma ÷atjhf
÷atjhf hms ( ) Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb
( ) ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb
( ) Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb
( ) ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb
( ) ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb
( ) ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb 0. Nurbetm ma ÷atjhf hms, ¶cuâetbs vmcms `b smetjnf sfh-
i) Smetjr irèf7 efamecjb hjmetrbs cfenucèb, cfhèb f nmsbrrfaabdb baku-
( ) Ejekueb vmz
vmz me ma ÷atjhf
÷atjhf hms eb ftrb bctjvjnbn6
( ) Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb ( ) Ejekueb vmz me ma ÷atjhf hms
( ) ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb ( ) Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb
( ) ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb ( ) ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb
k) Smetjr nmhbsjbnf cbafr7 ( ) ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb
( ) Ejekueb vmz
vmz me ma ÷atjhf
÷atjhf hms
( ) Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb :. Nurbetm ma ÷atjhf hms, ¶`b rmprmsmetbnf
rmprmsmetbnf pbrb ustmn
( ) ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb huc`f prfdamhb ma ‑tmemr âejhfs‘ pbrb rmbajzbr bakueb
( ) ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb nm abs bctjvjnbnms nmtbaabnbs me ab prmkuetb betmrjfr6
( ) Ejek÷e prfdamhb
`) ^memr pmsbnjaabs f ‑hbafs sumòfs‘7
( ) ]e prfdamhb huy ajkmrf
( ) Ejekueb vmz
vmz me ma ÷atjhf
÷atjhf hms
( ) Bakf nm prfdamhb
( ) Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb
( ) ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb ( ) ]e
]e krbe prfdamhb
( ) ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb

Kbc Hên Hêx Yfa. 2>> Ef. 9, 4<<0 2

Hmnjcjóe nm ab cbajnbn nm
n m sumòf
sumò f

Jestruccjfems pbrb cbajijcbr ma Èenjcm nm Cbajnbn nm Sumòf nm \jttsdurk

Cbajnbn
Cfhpfemetm 27 Cbajnbn nm s umòf sudg mtjvb Cfhpfemetm =7 Batmrbcjfems nma sumòf
Mxbhjem ab prmkuetb 9, y bsjkem ma vbafr cfrrmspfenjmetm
2. Mxbhjem abs prmkuetbs =d b =g y bsjkem b cbnb ueb ma
Tmspumstb Ybafr vbafr cfrrmspfenjmetm
Dbstbetm dumeb <
Tmspumstb Ybafr
Dumeb 2
Ejekueb vmz me ma ÷atjhf hms <
Hbab 4
Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb 2
Dbstbetm hbab 3
]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb 4
Cbajijcbcjóe nma cfhpfemetm 27 ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb 3
Cfhpfemetm 47 Abtmecjb nm sumòf 4. Suhm abs cbajijcbcjfems nm abs prmkuetbs =d b =g

2. Mxbhjem ab prmkuetb 4, y bsjkem ma vbafr cfrrmspfenjmetm 3. B ab suhb tftba, bsjkem ma vbafr cfrrmspfenjmetm
cfrrmspfenjmetm
Tmspumstb Ybafr Suhb nm =d b =g Ybafr
2= hjeutfs < < <
29-3< hjeutfs 2 2-: 2
32-9< hjeutfs 4 2<-20 4
59< hjeutfs 3 -
Cbajijcbcjóe nma cfhpfemetm =7
4. Mxbhjem ab
ab prmkuetb =b, y bsjkem
bsjkem ma vbafr
vbafr cfrrmspfenjmetm
cfrrmspfenjmetm
Tmspumstb Ybafr Cfhpfemetm 97 ]sf nm hmnjcbhmetfs pbrb nfrhjr
Ejekueb vmz me ma ÷atjhf hms < Mxbhjem ab prmkuetb ; y bsjkem ma vbafr cfrrmspfenjmetm
Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb 2
Tmspumstb Ybafr
]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb 4
Ejekueb vmz me ma ÷atjhf hms <
^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb 3
Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb 2
3. Suhm afs vbafrms nm abs prmkuetbs 4 y =b ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb 4
^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb 3
>. Ba vbafr fdtmejnf bsjkem ma vbafr cfrrmspfenjmetm Cbajijcbcjóe nma cfhpfemetm 97
Suhb nm 4 y =b Ybafr
< < Cfhpfemetm ;7 Njsiuecjóe njureb
2-4 2
3-> 4 2. Mxbhjem ab prmkuetb 0 y bsjkem ma vbafr cfrrmspfenjmetm
=-9 3 Tmspumstb Ybafr
Cbajijcbcjóe nma cfhpfemetm 47 Ejekueb vmz me ma ÷atjhf hms <
Hmefs nm ueb vmz b ab smhbeb 2
Cfhpfemetm 37 Nurbcjóe nma nfrhjr ]eb f nfs vmcms b ab smhbeb 4
Mxbhjem ab prmkuetb > y bsjkem ma vbafr cfrrmspfenjmetm ^rms f hâs vmcms b ab smhbeb 3
Tmspumstb Ybafr 4. Mxbhjem ab prmkuetb : y bsjkem ma vbafr cfrrmspfenjmetm
5; `frbs <
Tmspumstb Ybafr
9-; `frbs 2 ek e prf mhb
=-9 `frbs 4 \rfdamhb huy ajkmrf 2
1= `frbs 3 Bakf nm prfdamhb 4
Cbajijcbcjóe nma cfhpfemetm 37 ]e krbe prfdamhb 3

Cfhpfemetm >7 Mijcjmecjb nm sumòf `bdjtuba 3. Suhm afs vbafrms

vbafrms nm ab prmkuetb 0 y :

2. Cbacuam ma e÷hmrf nm `frbs qum sm pbsó me ab cbhb, me >. B ab suhb tftba, bsjkem ma vbafr cfrrmspfenjmetm7
dbsm b abs rmspumstbs nm abs prmkuetbs 3 (`frb nm Suhb nm 0 y : Ybafr
amvbetbrsm) y prmkuetb 2 (`frb nm bcfstbrsm) < <
2-4 2
4. Cbacuam ab mijcjmecjb
mijcjmecjb nm sumòf (MS)
(MS) cfe ab sjkujmetm -
iórhuab7 =-9 3
_E÷h. `frbs nm sumòf (prmkuetb >)ûE÷h.
>)ûE÷h. `frbs pbsbnbs
Cbajijcbcjóe nma cfhpfemetm ;7
me ab cbhbXÛ2<<8MS (%)
3. B ab MS fdtmejnb bsjkem ma vbafr cfrrmspfenjmetm
Tmspumstb Ybafr Cbajijcbcjóe
Cbajijcbcjóe kafdba nma JCS\
JCS\
5 0=% < (Suhm abs cbajijcbcjfems nm afs ; cfhpfemetms)
;=-0>% 2
9=-;>% 4 Cbajijcbcjóe kafdba7
19=% 3

Cbajijcbcjóe nma cfhpfemetm >7

4 Kbc Hên Hêx Yfa. 2>> Ef. 9, 4<<0