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Java EE 7 Development
with WildFly

Leverage the power of the WildFly application server

from JBoss to develop modern Java EE 7 applications

Michał Ćmil
Michał Matłoka
Francesco Marchioni

BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI
Java EE 7 Development with WildFly

Copyright © 2014 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written
permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in
critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy
of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is
sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt
Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages
caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the
companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals.
However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: June 2013

Second edition: December 2014

Production reference: 1241214

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place
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ISBN 978-1-78217-198-0

www.packtpub.com

Cover image by Michael Jasej (milak6@wp.pl)

 Credits

Authors Copy Editors

Michał Ćmil Gladson Monteiro
Michał Matłoka Adithi Shetty
Francesco Marchioni
Project Coordinator
Reviewers Akash Poojary
Dustin Kut Moy Cheung
Adam Dudczak Proofreaders
Ting Baker
Maxime Gréau
Simran Bhogal
Bartosz Majsak
Ameesha Green
Jakub Marchwicki

Indexers
Commissioning Editor
Rekha Nair
James Jones
Priya Sane

Acquisition Editor
James Jones Production Coordinator
Shantanu N. Zagade

Content Development Editor

Mohammed Fahad Cover Work
Shantanu N. Zagade

Technical Editors
Indrajit A. Das
Rohit Kumar Singh
 About the Authors

Michał Ćmil is a Java developer with experience in web and desktop application
development. In the past, he has worked for the e-commerce sector. Currently,
he is developing manufacturing execution systems for industry clients. He has
been a volunteer at GeeCON. Michał works as a software designer/developer
for PSI Poland.

Michał Matłoka is a Java developer with experience in both Java EE and Spring
technologies. He is a JBoss community contributor, focusing mainly on Arquillian
and ShrinkWrap, and is also a winner of the JBoss Community Recognition Award
in 2013 for his contributions to ShrinkWrap. He has spoken at Poznan Java User
Group and volunteered at GeeCON. Michał is currently one of the 20 CEOs at
SoftwareMill, a fully distributed company with no main office and a completely
flat organization structure.
Francesco Marchioni is a Sun Certified Enterprise architect employed for an
Italian company based in Rome. He started learning Java in 1997, and since then he
has followed the path to the newest Application Program Interfaces released by Sun.
In 2000, he joined the JBoss community when the application server was running the
2.x release.

He has spent many years as a software consultant, where he has envisioned many
successful software migrations from vendor platforms to the open source products
such as JBoss AS, fulfilling the tight budget requirements of current times.

For the past 5 years, he has been authoring technical articles for O'Reilly Media and
also runs an IT portal focused on JBoss products (http://www.mastertheboss.com).

In December 2009, he authored JBoss AS 5 Development, Packt Publishing, which

describes how to create and deploy Java Enterprise applications on JBoss AS.

In December 2010, he authored his second title, JBoss AS 5 Performance Tuning, Packt
Publishing, which describes how to deliver fast and efficient applications on JBoss AS.

In December 2011, he authored yet another title, JBoss AS 7 Configuration Deployment

Administration, Packt Publishing, which covers all the aspects of the newest
application server release.

In August 2012, he coauthored the book, Infinispan Data Grid Platform, Packt
Publishing, with Manik Surtani, which covers all aspects related to the configuration
and development of applications using the Infinispan data grid platform.

I'd like to thank Packt Publishing for sharing the vision of this
new book and for all the effort they put in it. I'd also like to thank
my family for being always on my side, particularly, my wife for
allowing me to follow my book author ambitions, and my father for
buying me a C-64 instead of a motorcycle when I was young.
 About the Reviewers

Dustin Kut Moy Cheung was born and raised in the island of Mauritius.
His interest in computers was sparked when he got his first computer at the age of
nine. He went on to study Electrical Engineering at McGill University in Montreal,
Canada. Dustin is currently working as a productization engineer in the JBoss
productization team at Red Hat.

I would like to thank the authors for giving me the opportunity to

be one of the reviewers for this book. Java EE 7 has certainly made
web development in Java easier and more elegant. Using the Wildfly
application server will enable users to fully unlock all the capabilities
that Java EE has to offer while providing easy administration,
configuration, deployment, clustering, and much more!

Adam Dudczak is an experienced software engineer working with Java and

related technologies since 2004. He is interested in the creation of lightweight,
bulletproof, and scalable applications. He has a strong background in information
retrieval and text mining. Currently, he is working on a better search experience
in one of the major east European e-commerce portals. He is one of the leaders of
Poznań JUG (http://www.jug.poznan.pl) and a co-organizer of the GeeCON
conference (http://geecon.org). Adam is a father and husband and occasionally
blogs at http://dudczak.info/dry. His Twitter handle is @maneo.
Maxime Gréau has been building software professionally for about 12 years,
mostly for the Web and most of it with Java. He wrote a French book about Apache
Maven 3 in 2011. He currently works as a Java EE architect.

Maxime is a speaker at conferences on Java and web technologies such as DevNation

and DevFest. He is also a technical reviewer.

He blogs at http://mgreau.com/blog/ and can be found on Twitter and GitHub

at @mgreau.

Bartosz Majsak works as a software developer at Cambridge Technology

Partners, based in Zurich. He is passionate about open source technologies and
testing methodologies. He is a proud JBoss Community Recognition award recipient
for 2012 and 2013. He's also an Arquillian team member and the lead for two
modules: Persistence Extension (makes writing database-oriented tests easier) and
Spock Test Runner (gives your Arquillian tests some BDD and Groovy love). One
thing that perhaps proves Bartosz is not a total geek is his addiction to alpine skiing.

Jakub Marchwicki has been in the software development industry for the past
10 years—wearing multiple hats, getting his hands dirty in multiple environments,
and securing both technical as well as the business side of The Thing, which is an
engineer with a human-friendly interface. Additionally, he has worked with a
variety of languages and frameworks.

Jakub has always considered programming a tool to solve real-life problems

in a pragmatic way. He has always stayed close to the business side of the solution,
focusing on the technology. He combines his daily job of managing a horde of
software engineers at Young Digital Planet with lectures, technical trainings,
and commitment to Gdańsk Java User Group.
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 Table of Contents
Preface 1
Chapter 1: Getting Started with WildFly 7
An overview of Java EE and WildFly 8
WildFly and Enterprise Application Platform 9
Welcome to Java EE 7 9
JavaServer Faces 2.2 – JSR 344 10
Enterprise JavaBeans 3.2 – JSR 345 10
Java Persistence API 2.1 – JSR 338 11
Contexts and Dependency Injection for Java EE 1.1 – JSR 346 12
Java Servlet API 3.1 – JSR 340 12
JAX-RS, the Java API for RESTful Web Services 2.0 – JSR 339 13
Java Message Service 2.0 – JSR 343 13
Bean Validation 1.1 – JSR 349 14
Concurrency utilities for Java EE 1.0 – JSR 236 14
Batch applications for the Java Platform 1.0 – JSR 352 14
Java API for JSON Processing 1.0 – JSR 353 14
Java API for WebSocket 1.0 – JSR 356 15
New features in WildFly 15
Installing the server and client components 16
Installing Java SE 16
Testing the installation 17
Installing WildFly 17
Starting WildFly 18
Connecting to the server with the command-line interface 21
Stopping WildFly 22
Restarting WildFly 23
Installing the Eclipse environment 23
Installing JBoss Tools 24
Alternative development environments 26
Installing Maven 27
Testing the installation 27
Summary 28
Table of Contents

Chapter 2: Your First Java EE Application on WildFly 29

WildFly 8 core concepts 29
The WildFly 8 directory layout 32
Managing the application server 35
Managing WildFly 8 with the web interface 35
Launching the web console 37
Deploying your first application to WildFly 8 40
Advanced Eclipse deployment options 46
Managing deployments with the web console 47
Deploying applications using the command-line interface 52
Deploying applications to a domain 54
Summary 55
Chapter 3: Introducing Java EE 7 – EJBs 57
EJB 3.2 – an overview 57
Developing singleton EJBs 60
Configuring the EJB project object module (pom.xml) 67
Coding our EJB application 69
Controlling bean concurrency 72
Using bean-managed concurrency 73
Cooking session beans 74
Adding a stateless bean 74
Adding a stateful bean 75
Deploying the EJB application 77
Creating a remote EJB client 80
Configuring the client's project object module 82
Coding the EJB client 84
Adding the EJB client configuration 87
Running the client application 88
Adding user authentication 91
Using the EJB timer service 93
Programmatic timer creation 93
Scheduling timer events 94
Adding asynchronous methods to our EJBs 96
Using fire-and-forget asynchronous calls 97
Returning a Future object to the client 97
Summary 100
Chapter 4: Learning Context and Dependency Injection 101
Introducing Contexts and Dependency Injection 102
Named beans 104
CDI scopes 105
WildFly CDI implementation 106

[ ii ]
 Table of Contents

Rethinking your ticketing system 108

Adding the required dependencies 109
Creating the beans 110
Building the view 115
Getting ready to run the application 120
Combining the scheduler into our application 123
Are EJBs and JSF Managed Beans obsolete? 131
Summary 132
Chapter 5: Combining Persistence with CDI 133
Data persistence meets the standard 134
Working with JPA 134
Adding persistence to our application 135
Setting up the database 135
Installing the JDBC driver in WildFly 136
Using the command-line interface to create a new data source 138
Creating the Maven project 138
Adding the Maven configuration 139
Cooking entities 139
Adding Bean Validation 141
Configuring persistence 144
Adding producer classes 146
Coding queries for your application 149
Adding services to your application 151
Adding a controller to drive user requests 154
Coding the JSF view 157
Running the example 165
Summary 168
Chapter 6: Developing Applications with JBoss JMS Provider 169
A short introduction to JMS 170
The building blocks of JMS 172
The JBoss messaging subsystem 173
Creating and using connection factories 174
Using JMS destinations 176
Adding message-driven beans to your application 178
Cooking message-driven beans 181
Adding the JMS producer 182
Compiling and deploying the application 186
Specifying which message to receive using selectors 187
Transaction and acknowledgment modes 189
Using JMS to integrate with external systems 190

[ iii ]
Table of Contents

A real-world example – HornetQ and ActiveMQ integration 191

Installing the ActiveMQ resource adapter 192
Consuming ActiveMQ messages 195
Summary 199
Chapter 7: Adding Web Services to Your Applications 201
Developing SOAP-based web services 202
Strategies to build SOAP-based web services 203
JBoss SOAP-based web services stack 203
A brief look at the JAX WS architecture 204
Coding SOAP web services with WildFly 205
Developing a POJO web service 206
Inspecting the web service from the console 208
Testing our simple web service 209
EJB3 Stateless Session Bean (SLSB) web services 211
Developing a web service consumer 213
Developing REST-based web services 215
Accessing REST resources 216
JBoss REST web services 217
Activating JAX-RS 217
Adding REST to our ticket example 218
Adding filters 221
Consuming our REST service 224
Compiling our ticket example 226
Adding AngularJS 227
Choosing between SOAP and REST services 234
Summary 235
Chapter 8: Adding WebSockets 237
An overview of WebSockets 238
How do WebSockets work 239
Creating our first endpoint 243
Expanding our client application 244
Transforming POJOs to JSON 249
An alternative to WebSockets 252
Summary 252
Chapter 9: Managing the Application Server 253
Entering the WildFly CLI 253
Launching the CLI 253
Connecting from remote hosts 254
Using a CLI in the graphical mode 255
Constructing CLI commands 256
Determining the resource address 256

[ iv ]
 Table of Contents

Performing operations on resources 257

Deploying applications using the CLI 260
Deploying applications to a WildFly domain 261
Deploying to all server groups 261
Deploying to a single server group 262
Creating CLI scripts 263
Deploying an application to several WildFly nodes 263
Restarting servers in a domain 263
Installing a data source as a module 264
Adding JMS resources 265
Using advanced languages to create powerful CLI scripts 265
Using scripting languages to wrap CLI execution 266
Using the raw management API to manage the application server 269
Reading management model descriptions via the
raw management API 270
Creating your resource watches using the detyped API 271
Role-based security 273
Auditing administrative operations 277
Patching a running instance 277
Summary 278
Chapter 10: Securing WildFly Applications 279
Approaching the Java security API 280
The WildFly security subsystem 281
Setting up your first login module 284
Using the login module in the Ticket web application 285
Switching to FORM-based security 287
Creating a Database login module 289
Encrypting passwords 290
Using the Database login module in your application 291
Securing EJBs 291
Securing web services 295
Securing the transport layer 297
Enabling the Secure Socket Layer on WildFly 300
Certificate management tools 300
Securing the HTTP communication with a self-signed certificate 301
Generating the server and client certificates 302
Creating an SSL-aware security realm 303
Securing HTTP communication with a certificate signed by a CA 306
Securing EJB communication 307
Connecting to an SSL-aware security realm 308
Summary 309

[v]
Table of Contents

Chapter 11: Clustering WildFly Applications 311

Clustering basics 311
WildFly clustering 312
Starting a cluster of standalone nodes 313
Starting a cluster of domain nodes 314
The domain controller configuration 314
Host configurations 317
Deploying clustered applications 320
Creating HA Stateful Session Beans 320
Clustering the Ticket example 322
Turning your cache into a distributed cache 323
Coding the cluster-aware remote client 326
Deploying and testing high availability 327
Web application clustering 330
Load balancing your web applications 330
Installing mod_cluster 332
Clustering your web applications 335
Summary 338
Chapter 12: Long-term Tasks' Execution 339
The overview of the batching framework 340
Our first batch job 340
Creating a chunk-based batch step 342
Creating a job-based batch step 348
Using concurrency utilities in Java EE 350
Introducing threads to enterprise beans 354
Summary 362
Chapter 13: Testing Your Applications 363
Test types 363
Instruments used for testing 365
Getting started with Arquillian 366
Writing an Arquillian test 367
Configuring the pom.xml file 367
Writing your first Arquillian test 369
Running Arquillian TicketTest 371
Running Arquillian tests using Spock 373
ShrinkWrap Resolver 374

[ vi ]
 Table of Contents

ShrinkWrap Descriptors 378

Persistence testing 379
Arquillian Warp 381
WebSockets testing 384
Enhancing your Arquillian test 386
Additional information 389
Summary 389
Appendix: Rapid Development Using JBoss Forge 391
Installing Forge 391
Starting Forge 392
Creating your first Java EE 7 application with JBoss Forge 393
Building and deploying the application 398
Your Forge-demo application in action 399
Index 401

[ vii ]
Getting Started with WildFly

Contexts and Dependency Injection for

Java EE 1.1 – JSR 346
Version 1.1 of Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) provides improvements
for the issues identified in CDI after its introduction in Java EE 6. The process
of simplifying the programming model started in Version 1.0 and is now being
continued. The areas covered by the update are as follows:

• CDI is now enabled by default (without the need to add the bean.xml file
to the deployment), with the possibility to specify the desired component
scanning mode.
• More fine-grained control over the bean discovery mechanism is now
available for the developer, thanks to the use of the @Vetoed annotation
and class or packages filters in beans.xml. Interceptors, decorators, and
alternatives can now be globally enabled for the whole application using
the @Priority annotation, instead of enabling every module.
• Event metadata can now be examined when a CDI event is handled.
• Interceptors have been enhanced with the possibility to be executed around
constructor invocation.
• Finally, the new version contains a significant number of enhancements for
the development of portable extensions.

Weld is the CDI implementation internally used in WildFly.

Java Servlet API 3.1 – JSR 340

The new version of the Java Servlet API has a clear focus on new features. The most
important of them is the HTTP upgrade mechanism, which allows the client and server
to start a conversation in HTTP 1.1, and negotiate another protocol for subsequent
requests. This feature was used to implement the WebSockets mechanism in Java EE 7.
Other features of the new version of specification are as follows:

• Non-blocking I/O API for Servlets has been provided to improve scalability
of web applications
• Multiple security improvements have been introduced; the most notable
of them is the possibility to set the default security semantics for all
HTTP methods

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