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Simulation model of the Excitation System in MianHuaTan power plant (China)

Conference Paper · May 2006

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 Second International Conference on Electrical Systems ICES’06, May 08-10 2006, Oum El Bouaghi Algeria

Simulation model of the Excitation System in

MianHuaTan power plant (China)
Ahmed N. Abd Alla S. J. Cheng J.Y. Wen Jing Zhanjg H. Shaheen
College of Electric and Electronics Engineering
HuaZhong University of Science and Technology
Wuhan, 430074, Hubei Province
CHINA
najem20042003@yhaoo.com ,sjcheng@hust.edu.cn , jinyu.wen@163.com , Zhangjing_s@163.com
,sy_h22@msj.com

Abstract – This paper presents the performance of
Excitation system for Mianhuatan power plant (China). A
standard simulation model of the proposed system is used
by commercial software “Power System Stability” (PSS/E)
and the performance under steady-state and dynamic
conditions is studied. This contribution presents the most
important steps for the reality oriented creation of
mathematical model of hydro power plant which can be
used for such investigation. Therefore in the investigated
Excitation system measurement was performed to obtain
step response to be able to identify the parameters of the
model. Using the Genetic Algorithm with the Matlab-
software it was possible to identify all the necessary
parameters of the model. Using the same measured input
signals the response from the Standard model show nearly
the same behavior as the Excitation system.
keywords— Excitation system, parameter estimation,
genetic programming techniques.
I. INTRODUCTION
Accurate models of power plant components are
essential for realistic simulation and analysis of the
dynamic performance of electrical power systems.
Generator models have received considerable attentions
during last decades, but exciter models are less addressed
in the published papers [1]. Planners models based on
original manufacturers information may not be accurate
enough after a few years’ operation. Such models are
often derived from off-line tests and by estimation of
each individual parameter separately and then combining
them to get an integrated system model [2].
Since the parameters of the controllers are adjusted
using such models, the performance of the controllers
gradually degrades. To avoid such problem and to obtain
more realistic simulation results, the identification of the
system parameters is recommended.
Several attempts have been made to obtain EXS
models from field tests, Frequency response tests were
the most commonly used in the 70's [3]. In the 80's
spectral analysis with PRBS has been the dominating
technique. Also several papers deal with time response
methods [4-5].
In this paper, the genetic algorithm is introduced into
model identification of excitation system in power plant.
It is shown by Simulation results that the genetic
algorithm-based model identification method is one
applied method, and satisfactory identification results can
be got with it. Our approach includes these steps:
(1) The power station provides the parameter of
generator and the excitation system model;
(2) based on the documents and maps in the power
station; a block diagram with unknown parameters is
proposed for the EXS as standard model.
(3) The signals to be measured are located and their
range is determined;
(4) Dynamic tests are defined and performed, such that
the necessary data are acquired;
(5) Draw up the spot on trial project, carry on the spot
experiment;
(6) Verify the accuracy of a model of excitation
system;
(7) The parameters of the standard model are estimated
based upon genetic algorithms;
(8) The proposed model is validated.
In this is paper is organized as follows:
In section II, the EXS system is described and the
test procedure is outlined. In section III, the genetic
algorithm is introduced into model identification of
Excitation system parameter. In section IV, the
simulation results are compared with the measured actual
variables to validate the derived model. Section V,
concludes the paper.
II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND THE TEST
PROCEDURE
The unit under study is a 150[MW], 15.75[KV]
hydro-turbine generator set at the MainHuaTan power
plant in China. Various types of EXS are usually used in
the power plants. In MainHuaTan a static EXS is used. A
static EXS is popular for generators connected to large
power system [6].This EXS system has a very small
inherent time constant, and the maximum exciter output
voltage dependent on the AC voltage. Hence, during
system-fault conditions causing depressed generator
terminal voltage, the available exciter voltage is reduced.
This limitation of the excitation system is, to a large
extent, offset by its virtually instantaneous response and
high post-fault field-forcing capability [6,7]. In addition,
it is inexpensive and easily maintainable.

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 Second International Conference on Electrical Systems ICES’06, May 08-10 2006, Oum El Bouaghi Algeria
A. System description
1) Real Power plant model
Fig. 1 Block diagram of Real power plant model
The power station provides the parameter of
generator and the excitation system model as shown in
Fig. 1. An EXS usually is composed of voltage loop to
regulate the terminal voltage. The terminal voltage is
measured and compared with a reference value and the
error is compensated.
2) Power plant with IEEE ST1A type exciter model
The proposed block diagram of the EXS is shown in
Fig. 2. This block diagram has been proposed based on
very extensive studies using the documents and circuit
diagrams in the power station. Details of such studies are
not described here for the sake of brevity.
Fig. 2 shows IEEE Type ST1A Exciter as standard
model. This model is located at system bus machine and
this model of a potential source controlled rectifier-
exciter excitation system is intended to represent systems
in which excitation power is supplied through a
transformer from the generator terminal (or the unit’s
auxiliary bus) and is regulated by a controlled rectifier.
The maximum exciter voltage available from such
systems is directly related to the generator terminal
voltage.
In this type of system, the TCTB & TC1TB1
represents PID controller, KATA represents the exciter,
and TR represents the terminal voltage measurement
device. L limits the output of excitation system.
Fig. 2 Block diagram of power plant with IEEE ST1A type exciter
model
The main difference between the two models is the
saturation effect, as shown in figures (1,2) the saturation
effect in real power plant model is neglected.
411
B. Test procedure
The first step in the testing process is to prepare a
test procedure. This requires a review of the information
on the controls from the instruction manuals and block
diagrams supplied by the manufacturer. A review of any
plant specific concerns should also be made, for example,
any operating restrictions imposed on the plant. This
allows the test procedure to be adapted to the specific
requirements exhibited by the plant.
In the defined test procedure of the EXS was treated
as a single input single output. In this system u(kT) and
v(kT) are the samples of the system input and output with
constant sampling period T. The overall input signal Vin
(input voltage for identification) was considered to be
applied to the summing point of Vref.
The controller of excitation system is supplied by
+5% step signal in sum input point of the excitation
controller, this signals used to identify system parameter.
Another Tests were performed by six different step
signals (-5%, 3%,-3% 1% and -1% step signal), this
signals used to verify system parameter and Generator
terminal Voltage.
C. Model Validation
In any identification procedure, model validation is
the most important step. The easiest way to validate a
model is to compare the simulated model response to the
measured output to the same input. This strategy was
selected here for model validation.
Any portion of the excitation control system that is
commonly represented in model studies (e.g.,
synchronous machine regulator, exciter, synchronous
machine, excitation system, and excitation control
system) may be evaluated using the transient response
criteria [8].
A large signal transient response is a time response
with the input and output variables of the component
being tested recorded as a function of time. Although
transient response is generally associated with a step
change in the input variable, it is only necessary that the
change in the input variable be large enough and fast
enough that the response at the output is classified as a
large signal response for the resulting response to be
useful. The change to the input variable must be
specified. A time response with several variables
recorded simultaneously has considerable value in the
refinement or validation of large signal computer models.
III. GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR EXCITATION
SYSTEM PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION
The proposed identification procedure is a simulation
based process that uses a genetic algorithm as
optimization tool, as presented in Fig.3. The simulation
model of the system is excited by the same input. The
output of the system, which is the set of available
measurements, is compared to the simulated output of the
model. The error between the two outputs is used as input
to a genetic algorithm optimization module, which
updates the model parameters in such a way that this
error is minimized.
 Second International Conference on Electrical Systems ICES’06, May 08-10 2006, Oum El Bouaghi Algeria

about 5% of rated voltage at Vref shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 3 Block diagram of estimation procedure

The object function used to identify transfer function
of excitation system can be calculated as:
(
Q = ∑ y − yo
2) (1) Fig. 5 Terminal voltage response Comparison under 5% step signal
Where, y is the output of identification result, is the B. Power plant with IEEE ST1A type exciter model
output of actual process.
The identified parameters of power plant with IEEE ST1A
The transfer function of excitation system can be type exciter model shown in table I.
described as shown in figure 2:
The optimization process is to get the optimal TABLE I
parameters TC, TB, TC1, TB1, KA, TA, TR which can make THE STANDARD EXCITATION SYSTEM PARAMETER
Q minimum. where, the searching area of the coefficients IDENTIFICATION RESULT

can be set according to Experience, Tn=0.0l~2, TA=0~1, TR 0.053 KA 240.394

KA=100~400 TR=0~0.4.
A key feature of the approach is that the estimation TC 0.506 TA 0
process is not model-specific and it is therefore straight
forward to switch between large varieties of models. TB 1.5989 KC 0
This advantage results from the fact that the
TC1 0.0183 KF 0
simulation based optimization method uses only the
model output. It does not require any knowledge of the TB1 0.0529 TF 1
specific model structure. The use of GA as optimization
tool enhances this feature, since one of the main attributes
of genetic algorithms is that they do not require any
auxiliary knowledge on the objective function, such as
gradient information. Therefore, the proposed method is,
in fact, a black-box identification method, which
automatically adjusts the parameters of the model until
the model output matches the measurements. References
[9-10] provide a comprehensive description of genetic
algorithms.

IV. SIMULATION RESULT

A. Real Power plant model

Fig. 4 shows improved power plant model by adding
saturation effect.
Fig. 6.Terminal voltage response Comparison under 5% step signal

In order to verify the estimated parameters, the

parameter inserted into the model and several input
signals (-5%, 3%, -3% and 1%, -1% step signal) applied
to the summing point of Vref are shown in Fig. 7-10.

Fig. 4 Block diagram of real power plant with saturation effect

The original response and estimated response of
improved power plant model by applying a step input of

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 Second International Conference on Electrical Systems ICES’06, May 08-10 2006, Oum El Bouaghi Algeria

As the figures show the power plant with IEEE

ST1A type exciter model are good enough to represent
the system. All the simulation results also show the
superiority of this model over the improved power plant
model. Since the superiority of this model is not quite
clear from the figures, Table II compares the error margin
for the two models.
TABLE II
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TWO MODEL RESPONDING TO THE 5%
STEP SIGNAL

MODEL'S MODEL (1) MODEL (2)

Charact. S.R. R.M. S.R. R.M. A. R.

Fig. 7. Terminal voltage response Comparison under -5% step signal
td（s） 0.0067 0.0032 0.013 0.003 0.010

tr（s） 0.1023 0.0317 0.134 0.0 0.134

tp（s） 0.2537 0.0572 0.346 0.035 0.311

ts（s） 0.0746 0.0214 0.091 0.005 0.096

Mp（%） 20.962 8.1503 33.14 4.027 19.11

V.R（%） 0.96 - 0.6805 - 1.809

Where: MODEL(1) =Real power plant model,

Fig. 8. Terminal voltage response Comparison under 3% step signal
MODEL(2)= Power plant with IEEE ST1A type exciter,
td=delay time, tr= rise time, tp=peak time, ts=stable time,
Mp=max. peak, V.R.=Voltage Regulation, S.R=
Simulation Result , R.M.= Error Margin , Actual
Response = A. R., Charact.= Characteristic.

Fig.9. Terminal voltage response Comparison under -3% step signal
V. CONCLUSION
This paper investigates the application of genetic
algorithms for the identification of excitation system
parameter model of generating units of the hydro Power
Plant (MainHuaTan) in china, a representation of an
IEEE ST1A type exciter, was presented. The paper
proposes the use of a genetic algorithm as optimization
tool for the estimation procedure. The main advantages of
the proposed methodology are the few input data
required, its flexibility, and the simplicity of its
mechanism. The Proposed method has been successfully
applied to the simultaneous identification of the
excitation system model. The obtained results
demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the
proposed GA approach.

V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The results published here have been obtained in the
framework of the Project supported by National Natural
Science Foundation of China. The authors gratefully
acknowledge to the Electric Power Company of
Mainhautan power plant for their engagement during the
preparation and execution of the measurements.

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 Second International Conference on Electrical Systems ICES’06, May 08-10 2006, Oum El Bouaghi Algeria

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