Important

Appointments

Next lab: Tuesday 10 am at Tribology Lab

Design Oral : Thursday

Production Oral : 20 May

Advices for oral
exam
 Design Lab
Eng: Ismail Basuni
Faculty of engineering - Zagazig University
Design and Production Department
+201016440021 / iihuseen@eng.zu.edu.eg
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ismail-basuni
Agenda

Cutting Wear- Whirling of

Tension Test Temperature resistance Shafts and
experiment Experiment Critical Speed

Static and
Mass Spring Simple Compound
Dynamic
system Pendulum Pendulum
Balancing
 Videos
Tension Test
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpO2KImasNo
Wear Experiment
https://youtube.com/shorts/UF3MnSmgTgs?si=4esC2O0KOYyg4d5l
Whirling of Shafts and Critical Speed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOQMmos85co
Static and Dynamic Balancing
https://youtu.be/ZSvrbMCx6Lo?si=HwFUe58gJSqurekX
Mass Spring system
https://youtu.be/ZNl7v_awKkA?si=TaaCM5oNjQEQqzIX
Simple Pendulum
https://youtu.be/z6ZdhP167RY?si=wQnBTjbMrS_VpAD0
Compound Pendulum
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZD_X 8GVAiiE
1. Tension Test
Testing Machine

• What are the specifications

of the testing machines?

• What is the main types of the

testing machines ?

• What is the meaning of

mechanical testing?
• How we choose
specimen shape and
dimensions ?

• What are curves we

can get through
tensile testing
machine?
• What is the
difference between
stress- strain curve
and force
displacement
curve?
• What are the
types of stress
strain curve ?
why tension test is the most
important test?
• yield strength (other names include yield stress and elastic limit

• tensile strength or ultimate tensile strength of the material.

• The stress calculated immediately before failure is known as the fracture

stress.
• Cutting Temperature experiment
• Why We measure temperature?
• How can temperature affect both workpiece and the tool?
• What are the methods of measuring the cutting temperature ?
• How can we resist the affects of high temperature in cutting?
• What is the method that you have seen in your lab ?
• What are the factors that affect the cutting temperature ?
• How did you handle the factors during the experiment ?

• What are the results you get after the experiment ?

• are these results expected and if yes why did you do the
experiment ?
• What is the effect of the temperature on the chip formation ?
• Wear Experiment
• What are factors affect the volume of wear?
4. Whirling of Shafts and Critical Speed
 Whirling of Shafts and Critical Speed apparatus shows
how shafts vibrate transversely and ‘whirl’ at a certain
rotation frequency
• Whirling speed is also called as Critical speed of a shaft. It is defined as
the speed at which a rotating shaft will tend to vibrate violently in the
transverse direction if the shaft rotates in horizontal direction. In other
words, the whirling or critical speed is the speed at which resonance
occurs.
• At certain speed, a rotating shaft has been found to exhibit excessive lateral Vibrations
(transverse vibrations). The angular velocity of the shaft at which this occurs is called a
critical speed or whirling speed or whipping speed.

• This further increases the distance of center gravity from the axis of rotation and hence
the centrifugal force increase this effect is cumulative and ultimately the shaft fails.

• At critical speed the shaft deflection becomes excessive and may cause permanent
deformation or structural damage.
 5. Static and Dynamic Balancing

The Static and Dynamic Balancing apparatus TM 102 allows students to do experiments in
balancing a rotating mass system and check their results against accepted theory.
A shaft with masses mounted on it can be both statically and
dynamically balanced. If it is statically balanced, it will stay in
any angular position without rotating. If it is dynamically
balanced, it can be rotated at any speed without vibration. It will
be shown that if a shaft is dynamically balanced it is
automatically in static balance, but the reverse is not necessarily
true.
When object is dynamically balanced there should be no
turning or twisting moment along the axis of rotation. When a
shaft rotates two different forces act on the assembly that must
be balanced:
• Centrifugal forces around the shaft.

• Moment or Couples trying to twist the shaft (along its length or longitudinal axis).
6. Mass Spring system
The measured stiffness value is compared to the dynamic stiffness
measured under applying sinusoidal dynamic force to ensure its
validity. Results show that there is sensible difference between
static and dynamic stiffness. Static stiffness is always greater than
the dynamic stiffness.

Static stiffness is defined as the ratio of the force acting on an

object to its surface displacement. In contrast, dynamic stiffness is
the force per unit vibratory displacement and is defined in the
frequency domain. The latter is frequency-dependent, whereas the
former is not.
6.1 Static
6.2 Dynamic
7. Simple Pendulum
7. Compound Pendulum
Thank you
Brita Tamm
502-555-0152
brita@firstupconsultants.com
www.firstupconsultants.com