KOMBINASI LINEAR

Linear Combinations
Arti Kombinasi Linier Secara Ilmu Ukur
Visualizing linear
combinations of
vectors

• Linear combinations of vectors are

represented using parallel lines drawn
• through the multiples of the points
representing the vectors. In Figure 5-1,
• you see the scalar multiples of v1: −3v1,
−2v1, −v1, 2v1, and 3v1, and multiples
• of v2: −v2 and 2v2. You also see the
points representing the linear
combinations:
• −3v1−v2, −3v1+v2, 2v1−v2, and 2v1+v2.
Defining Linear Combinations of Vectors

• A linear equation, such as 4x + 3y + (–5z) + 6w = 7, is made up

of products and sums. The variables are multiplied by
coefficients, and the products are then added together. A
linear combination of vectors is also the result of products and
sums. Multipliers are called scalars to signify that scalar
multiplication is being performed, and the sums of the
products result in new vectors that have the same dimension
as those being multiplied
Writing vectors as sums of other
vectors
• A linear combination of
vectors is written y = c1v1 +
c2v2 + c3v3 + . . . + ckvk
where v1, v2, v3, . . ., vk are
vectors and ci is a real
coefficient called a scalar
• Given a set of vectors with the
same dimensions, many different
linear combinations may be
formed. And, given a vector, you
can determine if it was formed
from a linear combination of a
particular set of vectors.
Example
Determining whether a vector belongs
• When working with a set of vectors, the linear combinations of
those vectors are numerous. If you have no restrictions on the
values of the scalars, then you have an infinite number of
possibilities for the resulting vectors. What you want to determine,
though, is whether a particular vector is the result of some
particular linear combination of a given set of vectors.
• The scalars you seek are the multipliers of the vectors in the
set under consideration. Again, using the vectors v1, v2, and
v3, you write the equation x1v1 + x2v2 + x3v3 = b, where xi is
a scalar and b is the target vector.
Showing which vectors belong in a span
and its corresponding augmented matrix (refer to “Determining whether a
vector belongs”), the solution is c1 = 2, c2 = −4, and c3 = 1. So you find that a
linear combination of the vectors does produce the target vector. The vector
b does belong in the span
Latihan

9 2
Y = −5 Z = −5
−5 9
Writing a general format for all scalars used in a span
Latihan :
Temukan V sebagai kombinasi linear dari u1, u2, u3

Solusi :
Tentukan
kombinasi • U1 (1, 3, 5); U2 (-1, -2, -4); U3 (-1, -7, -9),
dimana V (1, 0, 2)
linear V
• U1 (1, 1, -1); U2 (0, -1, 1); U3 (1, 0 , 0),
terhadap dimana V (4, -1, 2)

Un
• U1 (1, 3, 5); U2 (-1, -2, -4); U3 (-1, -7, -9),
dimana V (1, 0, 2)

• 1 0 5 | -2 1 0 1 | 1
• 0 1 -4 | -3 0 1 1 |5
• 0 0 0 | 0 0 0 0 |1

• U1 (1, 1, -1); U2 (0, -1, 1); U3 (1, 0 , 0), dimana

V (4, -1, 2)
 Recognizing when there’s no
combination possible
• Not every vector you choose is going to turn out to be a linear combination of a
particular set of vectors. But when you begin the process of trying to determine
the necessary scalars, you don’t know that a linear combination isn’t possible.
You’ll find out that there’s no solution after performing some row operations and
noting a discrepancy or impossible situation.
After performing some row
operations, you find that the last row
of the matrix has 0s and an 8. The
corresponding equation is 0x1 + 0x2
+ 0x3 = 8, or 0 + 0 + 0 = 8. The
equation makes no sense — it can’t
be true. So there’s no
solution to the system of equations
and no set of scalars that provide the
target vector. The vector b is not one
of the linear combinations possible
from the chosen set of vectors
 Searching for patterns in linear
combinations
• Many different vectors can be written as linear combinations of a
given set of vectors. Conversely, you can find a set of vectors to use
in writing a particular target vector
For example, if you want to create the vector
 Generalizing a pattern and writing a
vector set
• Sets of vectors can be described by listing all the vectors in
the set or by recognizing and writing a rule for a pattern.
When a set of vectors is very large or even has an infinite
number of members, a pattern and generalized rule is
preferable to describe all those members, if this is possible
Spanning R2 and R3