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[1]
Data Visualization:
Representing Information
on Modern Web
BIRMINGHAM -MUMBAI
Data Visualization: Representing Information
on Modern Web
All rights reserved. No part of this course may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written
permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in
critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this course to ensure the accuracy
of the information presented. However, the information contained in this course
is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt
Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages
caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this course.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the
companies and products mentioned in this course by the appropriate use of capitals.
However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
ISBN 978-1-78712-976-4
www.packtpub.com
Credits
Production Coordinator
Reviewers
Aparna Bhagat
Alberto Cairo
Ben Jones
Santiago Ortiz
Jerome Cukier
Jonathan Petitcolas
Saurabh Saxena
Elliot Bentley
Preface
Welcome to the craft of data visualization—a multidisciplinary recipe of art, science,
math, technology, and many other interesting ingredients. Not too long ago we
might have associated charting or graphing data as a specialist or fringe activity—it
was something that scientists, engineers, and statisticians did.
Nowadays, the analysis and presentation of data is a mainstream pursuit. Yet, very
few of us have been taught how to do these types of tasks well. Taste and instinct
normally prove to be reliable guiding principles, but they aren’t sufficient alone to
effectively and efficiently navigate through all the different challenges we face and
the choices we have to make.
This course offers a handy strategy guide to help you approach your data
visualization work with greater know-how and increased confidence. It is a practical
course structured around a proven methodology that will equip you with the
knowledge, skills, and resources required to make sense of data, to find stories, and
to tell stories from your data.
This course will help you understand about moulding data into a form which is
more understandable. It is about taking some of the richest data sources of our
time—social networks—and turning their vast array of data into an understandable
format. To that effect, we make use of the latest in HTML, JavaScript and D3.js.
Once you have worked through this course, you will be able to tackle any project—
big, small, simple, complex, individual, collaborative, one-off, or regular—with an
assurance that you have all the tactics and guidance needed to deliver the best results
possible.
[i]
Preface
Module 2, Social Data Visualization with HTML5 and JavaScript, provides you with
an introduction to creating an accessible view into the massive amounts of data
available in social networks. Developers with some JavaScript experience and a
desire to move past creating boring charts and tables will find this module a perfect
fit. You will learn how to make use of powerful JavaScript libraries to become not
just a programmer, but a data artist.
Module 3, Learning d3.js Data Visualization, covers various features of D3.js to build
a wide range of visualizations. This module also focus on the entire process of
representing data through visualizations so that developers and those interested
in data visualization will get the entire process right and will provide a strong
foundation in designing compelling web visualizations with D3.js.
You don't need to be a gifted polymath to get the most out of this course, but ideally
you should have reasonable computer skills (software and programming), have
a good basis in mathematics, and statistics in particular, and have a good design
instinct.
There are many other facets that will, of course, be advantageous but the most
important trait is just having a natural creativity and curiosity to use data as a means
of unlocking insights and communicating stories. These will be key to getting the
maximum benefit from this text.
There are very few tools needed to make use of the examples and code in this course.
You'll need to install node.js (http://nodejs.org/) which is covered in Module 3,
Learning d3.js Data Visualization, Chapter 1: Getting Started with D3, ES2016, and
Node.js and Module 2, Social Data Visualization with HTML5 and JavaScript,
Chapter 5: Twitter.
[ ii ]
Preface
You can run it on pretty much anything, but having a few extra gigabytes of RAM
available will probably help while developing. Some of the mapping examples later
in the course are kind of CPU-intensive, though most machines produced since 2014
should be able to handle them.
You will also need the latest version of your favorite web browser; the code is tested
on Chrome, and has been used in the examples, but Firefox also works well. You can
try to work in Safari, Internet Explorer/Edge, Opera, or any other browser.
Some of you may never actually fulfill the role of a designer and might have other
interests in learning about data visualization. You may be commissioning work
or coordinating a project team and want to know how to successfully handle and
evaluate a design process.
Hopefully, it will inform and inspire all who wish to get involved in data
visualization design work regardless of role or background.
Readers should have a working knowledge of both JavaScript and HTML. jQuery is
used numerous times throughout the course, so readers would do well to be familiar
with the basics of that library but no prior experience with data visualization or D3
is required to follow this course. Some exposure to node.js would be helpful but not
necessary.
[ iii ]
Preface
Reader feedback
Feedback from our readers is always welcome. Let us know what you think about
this course—what you liked or disliked. Reader feedback is important for us as it
helps us develop titles that you will really get the most out of.
If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing
or contributing to any of our product, see our author guide at www.packtpub.com/
authors.
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You can also download the code files by clicking on the Code Files button on the
course’s webpage at the Packt Publishing website. This page can be accessed by
entering the course’s name in the Search box. Please note that you need to be logged
into your Packt account.
[ iv ]
Preface
Once the file is downloaded, please make sure that you unzip or extract the folder
using the latest version of:
The code bundle for the course is also hosted on GitHub at https://github.com/
PacktPublishing/Data-Visualization--Representing-Information-on-
Modern-Web. We also have other code bundles from our rich catalog of books and
videos available at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/. Check them out!
Errata
Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes
do happen. If you find a mistake in one of our books/courses—maybe a mistake in
the text or the code—we would be grateful if you could report this to us. By doing
so, you can save other readers from frustration and help us improve subsequent
versions of this course. If you find any errata, please report them by visiting http://
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Piracy
Piracy of copyrighted material on the Internet is an ongoing problem across all
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If you come across any illegal copies of our works in any form on the Internet, please
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We appreciate your help in protecting our authors and our ability to bring you
valuable content.
[v]
Preface
Questions
If you have a problem with any aspect of this course, you can contact us at
questions@packtpub.com, and we will do our best to address the problem.
[ vi ]
Module 1: Data Visualization: a successful design process
i
Table of Contents
ii
Table of Contents
iii
Table of Contents
Geography 358
Summary 370
Chapter 4: Defining the User Experience – Animation and Interaction 371
Animation 372
Animation with transitions 372
Interacting with the user 387
Behaviors 394
Summary 404
Chapter 5: Layouts – D3's Black Magic 405
What are layouts and why should you care? 405
Normal layouts 408
Using the histogram layout 408
Baking a fresh 'n' delicious pie chart 414
Showing popularity through time with stack 419
Highlighting connections with chord 425
Hierarchical layouts 436
Drawing a tree 439
Showing clusters 442
Summary 451
Chapter 6: D3 on the Server with Node.js 453
Readying the environment 453
All aboard the Express train to Server Town! 455
Proximity detection and the Voronoi geom 457
Rendering in Canvas on the server 463
Deploying to Heroku 467
Summary 469
Chapter 7: Designing Good Data Visualizations 471
Clarity, honesty, and sense of purpose 472
Helping your audience understand scale 474
Using color effectively 481
Understanding your audience (or "trying not to forget about mobile") 483
Summary 487
Chapter 8: Having Confidence in Your Visualizations 489
Linting all the things 491
Static type checking with TypeScript and Flow 493
Behavior-driven development with Karma and Mocha Chai 503
Summary 511
Bibliography 513
iv
Module 1
"The skills required for most effectively displaying information are not intuitive
and rely largely on principles that must be learned."
More and more of us are becoming responsible for the analysis, presentation, and
interpretation of data. This naturally reflects the explosion in access to data and the
value attributed to potential insights that are contained.
As I've already stated, where once this was typically a specialist role, nowadays the
responsibility for dealing with data has crept into most professional duties. This has
been accelerated by the ubiquitous availability of a range of accessible productivity
tools to handle and analyze data.
This means visualization has become both a problem and an opportunity for the
masses, which makes the importance and dissemination of effective practice a
key imperative.
The quote from Stephen Few will resonate with many of you reading this. If you
were to ask yourself "Why do I design visualizations in the way I do?", what would
be your answer? Think about any chart or graphic you produce to communicate
information to others. How do you design it? What factors do you take into account?
Perhaps your response would fall in to one or more of the following:
For many people, the idea of a conscious data visualization design technique is
quite new. The absence of any formal coaching, at almost any level of education,
in the techniques of visualization means until you become aware of the subject,
you have probably never even thought about your visualization design approach.
[ 14 ]
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
de l’iniquité, et qu’il est comme un sépulcre, non pas blanchi, mais
tout rouge.
« Donc, j’empoigne les montants du petit escalier de bois qui se
dressait le long de la colonne, et gravis les degrés. J’étais vêtu
comme tous les jours et selon mon caractère ; on pouvait voir que
j’étais pasteur d’une secte indépendante, un homme de Dieu. Et il se
fit un grand silence ! Et le sergent, qui attendait les signatures pour
les enrôlements, derrière la petite table, se leva ! Et il me tendit la
plume ! Je n’avais pas pensé à ça. C’était seulement quand on était
devenu soldat, ici, qu’on avait le droit de parler pour dire pourquoi on
se faisait soldat. Ce n’était pas une réunion contradictoire. Il fallait
signer, signer d’abord ! Et puis je te jure qu’à ce moment j’entendis
comme une voix qui insistait à mon oreille : « Signe ! mais signe
donc !! Pourquoi serais-tu venu, si ce n’est pour signer ? » Ils étaient
là dix mille, dont l’attente, le désir, dont l’émotion m’empoignaient. Et
c’était le Seigneur, évidemment, qui planait dans cette attente, dans
cette émotion, dans ce désir de dix mille âmes ! Je pris la plume et je
signai : Obedediah Rivett, ex-private aux Cornwall Rifles,
présentement pasteur de la confession wesleyenne, 150, Alexander
Road. Et je me sentis pénétré d’une joie, d’une joie ! Tout mon cœur
en éclatait, il me semblait que ma tête touchait les nuages. J’avais
les yeux secs et radieux, et pourtant c’était comme si j’eusse été
inondé de larmes à l’intérieur : des larmes divines et délicieuses.
J’étendis les bras, j’ouvris la bouche et je parlai ! Je ne me
souviens plus exactement de ce que j’ai dit, mais c’était beau !
Quelque chose je suppose comme : « J’arrive tel Athaniel, je quitte
la vigne de mon père, et la maison fraîche, et l’épouse, et le figuier
devant la porte et je prends le casque, et je ceins l’épée. Car il est
écrit : « Tu donneras ta vie pour ton peuple ! Tu n’auras pas de pitié
pour la race impure ! »
Voilà ce que j’ai dit, je crois, et beaucoup d’autres choses. Et je
m’aperçus que, par le petit escalier de bois, c’étaient des gens et
encore des gens qui montaient pour signer, pour s’enrôler comme
moi ! Je restai là, les bras étendus, je ne sais combien de temps.
Puis je retournai à Bloomsbury, tout étourdi, hors de moi-même. Je
trouvai ma femme dans le parloir :
« — Lizzie, je me suis engagé. Demain, je me présente au camp
d’Aldershot.
« Mais elle ne me crut pas :
« — J’ai été appelé, Lizzie. En vérité j’ai été appelé.
« Alors, elle comprit que c’était sérieux. Elle a pleuré, mais
maintenant elle m’envoie un colis toutes les semaines. C’est une
brave femme. »
— C’est drôle, fit Muffin en réfléchissant. Et il y en a pas mal qui
ont été « appelés » comme toi : des anarchistes, des pacifistes. C’est
drôle !
— Oui, reconnut l’ancien pasteur de la chapelle wesleyenne. Je
te dis que c’est rigolo !
TOM KETTLE, AUSTRALIEN
« C’est à partir de cet instant que j’ai répété sans cesse à ceux
qui doutaient : « Vous verrez, vous verrez ! Il n’y a pas de peuple qui
ait moins changé que le peuple de France. C’est quarante millions
d’aristocrates. Il étonnera le monde… »
FIN
TABLE DES MATIÈRES
Le Diable au Sahara 5
Le mammouth 51
Le manteau de plumes 75
L’ombre de Byron 91
Du berger à la bergère 101
Le parfum 111
La Mer.
La mine 127
Un gabier exceptionnel 135
Un cimetière 145
Les cachalots 153