Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region V (Bicol)
SCHOOLS DIVISIONS OFFICE
TABACO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Tabaco City

Teacher: Julius R. Bonaobra Grade Level: 8

Date: April 25, 2024 Learning Area: English
Time: 9:45 – 10:15 AM Quarter 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Learning MELC:
Competencies/ Objectives Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions
suitable to each pattern of idea development

Objectives:
a. Identify cause and effect in the sentences, and;
b. Use grammatical signals or expressions in writing
cause and effect sentences.

II. CONTENT Cause-Effect Pattern

III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages
2. Learner’s Materials English 8 – Quarter 4 – Module 1: Using Appropriate
pages Transitions and Signals in Various Patterns of Idea
Development by Rhea B. Gulin page 7
3. Textbook pages

4. Additional Materials Bressmer, Allison. 2022. Cause and Effect: Definition,

from Learning Resource Meaning and Examples.
(LR) portal https://prowritingaid.com/cause-and-effect
B. Other Learning
Resources
IV. PROCEDURES Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity
A. Reviewing previous Good morning, everyone! Good morning, sir!
lesson or presenting new
lesson Today, we will have the 4th The third one is the general
pattern of idea to particular pattern. It has
development. Before that, 3 parts. First, the writer
who can recall the third introduces the general
one? idea, elaborated and
explained by
particular/specific ideas.
Lastly, the re-statement of
general idea.

Alright. Now, we will have

the 4th pattern. To proceed,
let us analyze these
pictures.

Picture 1

How can you describe the A man is cutting trees in

picture? the forest.
 Exactly. How about this It shows a landslide.
picture?

Right. Do you think the two Yes, sir.

pictures have a connection
with each other?

How? In what way? Cutting trees would result

in landslide, sir.

Yes. Chances are when we

cut too many tress, the soil
will weaken, leading to a
landslide. This is what we
call cause-effect pattern.
B. Establishing a purpose/ Cause-Effect Pattern
Presenting examples/ ➢ is the manner of
instances of the new lesson explaining done by
stating a cause (an
action or event) and
effect (outcome or
result).

In a cause-effect text, it (Students’ read).

expresses two ideas, the
cause and effect. When we Cause
say cause, it is the first ➢ is the reason why
action or event that another action or event
happened in the text. While happened.
effect is the outcome or
result of that. To discuss Effect
further, what are cause ➢ it is the “What
and effect, class? happened next?” in the
text.

Okay. Let us tackle these

through this example.

Example:
It rained heavily, so there
was no flag ceremony.

To find the cause here, we Because it rained heavily.

can ask “Why there was no
flag ceremony?” Anyone?

Exactly. That is the cause.

It is the “reason why
something happened.”

For the effect, we can ask There was no flag

“What happened after it ceremony.
rained hard?” Anyone?
Thus, it is the effect in the
sentence. Effect is the
second event that
happened after the cause.

Remember that cause Yes, sir.

answers the question
“why”, and effect answers
the question “what.” Do
you understand?

Having said those, what The cause, sir. Then,

comes first between the followed by the effect.
two?

Realistically speaking, yes.

But in writing a cause-
effect pattern, they can be
interchanged.

The sequencing of ideas

to show cause-effect
relationship may be
arranged in two ways
depending on the
connector we used.

It means that cause can be

written first, followed by
effect. Then, vice versa. It
will depend on the
connector or grammatical
signal we used.

Cause (The Why) –

because, since, due to,
result from, affected by,
for, caused by
Effect (The what) – so,
therefore, as a result,
hence, thus, accordingly,
as a consequence, this
leads to, Then

We use these grammatical

signals to either introduce
a cause or an effect in a
statement. Let us study
these examples.

a. (cause) + (connector) +
(effect)
Example:
Malnutrition leads to a
number of diseases.

Why there was a number of Because of malnutrition.

diseases?

Alright. That is the cause.

After that, what comes

next?
The connector “leads to.”
 Right. What does it The effect, sir.
introduce?

That is right. Obviously, A number of diseases.

the effect comes after itself.
What is the effect?

Given that, a connector is

usually placed between
cause and effect. If you see
one that introduces an
effect, then the effect
comes second. It means
that cause comes first.

How about we changed the

sequence of the sentence?

(effect) + (connector) +
(cause)
A number of diseases
result from malnutrition.

Now, what comes first in The effect “A number of

the sentence? diseases.”

Exactly. Alright. This time, The connector is “so.” It is

what was the connector, for effect.
and for what is it?

Precisely.

Given this, it tells us that

the arrangement of this
cause-effect pattern
depends on the connector
we used.

That ends our discussion None, sir.

on cause-effect pattern. Do
you have any questions or
clarifications?

C. Developing mastery At this point, let us test

(Drills-Practicing required your understanding of our
skills) lesson through this group
activity. Please bring out
the ¼ illustration board I
asked to bring with you.

What’s the Cause or

Effect?
I will present cause-effect
statements. Then, I will
ask what is the cause or
effect present. As a group,
write your answers on the
illustration board,
including the grammatical
signal. The group who
could raise first the board
with correct answer will be
given 2 points. While the
other groups who got the
correct answer would get 1
point. Lastly, the groups
with the wrong answer will
not be given a point. Am I
clear?

Now, let us start.

1. Bea was slapped by her

mother, so she went to
her friend’s house.

What is the effect in the so she went to her friend’s

statement? house.

Right. What was the so.

grammatical signal used?

That’s correct.

2. Dennis failed the exam

today because he
played mobile games all
day.

What is the cause in the because he played mobile

statement? games all day.

Right. What was the because.

grammatical signal used?

Right.

3. Martin feels
discouraged drawing,
for the reason that
people say his arts were
ugly.

What is the cause in the For the reason that people

statement? say his arts were ugly.

Right. What was the for the reason that

grammatical signal used?

4. He drank too much

alcohol. As a result, he
vomited.

What is the effect in the As a result, he vomited.

statement?

Right. What was the As a result

grammatical signal used?

Spot on.

5. It was a hot weather.

Therefore, people went
to beaches and pools.

What is the effect in the Therefore, people went to

statement? beaches and pools.
 Right. What was the Therefore.
grammatical signal used?

Great job! You really

demonstrated mastery of
our lesson.

D. Finding practical Cause-effect pattern Possible answers:

applications of concepts expresses a reason on why ➢ When
and skills in daily living
something happened and
followed by the effect or
consequence. In reality, we
also have a saying “every
action has a consequence.”
How do you respond to the
consequence of your action ➢ Whenever I experience
especially if it has negative
impacts in your life?
I face
consequences of my
actions, I make sure
that it should be
resolved. I think of
possible solutions.
the aftermath of what I
did, I assessed where
did I go wrong and
where did I go right.

➢ I ensure that I deserve

the consequence or
result of my past
actions. If not, I will
redo what I did until it
would result to the
rightful outcome.

Excellent. I admire your

insightful answers. All of
you made points. However,
just remember that you are
responsible on what is
happening to your life.
With that, you have to be
accountable and
responsible of whatever
consequences your actions
had.
E. Making generalizations What is a cause-effect It is the manner of
and abstractions about the pattern? explaining done by stating
lesson an action, event or decision
and following it with its
causes and effects.

Does cause always come No, sir. the sequencing of

up before effect in a cause- cause-effect relationship of
effect pattern? ideas will depend on what
connectors we used.

Very good.
F. Evaluating learning At this moment, it is time
for you to construct own
cause-effect statements.

I have a cause-picture for Yes, sir.

each group. My instruction
is you will think of 3
possible effects based from
it. Be able to use different
grammatical signals. Do
you understand?
Alright. Before you start,
be guided on how I will
grade your group activity.

Scoring Guide:
Appropriate use of
grammatical signals – 10
points
Relevance to the topic – 8
points
Free of Grammar error – 7
points
Total – 25 points

Group 1

Allan got addicted in social

media.

Group 2

The girl was bullied by her

classmate.

Group 3

8- Linnaeus is always
active in the discussion.

Group 4

Henreich had an
interaction with his crush.
Group 5

Alainah got betrayed by

her best friend.

You have 10 minutes to (Students brainstorm and

prepare. Afterwards, have work quietly.)
a representative to present
your output in front.

Time’s up. Let us have the Possible answers:

group presentation.

Group 1
Allan got addicted to social
media. Therefore, he
always lacks of sleep.

Alright. What was the We used “Therefore.”

grammatical signal you
used?

Very good. Given the We should use social

situation, what does it tell media in moderation.
us?
Group 2
That’s it. Let us have group The girl was bullied by her
2. classmate, so she told it to
her teacher.

What grammatical signal We use “so.”

did you use?

Alright. How about the The victims may live in

negative effect of bullying? constant fear, sir.

Correct. It would affect the

victim negatively, making
him/her live a difficult life.

Let us move on to group 3. Group 3

8-Linnaeus is always
active in the discussion. As
a result, they learn many
things.

What grammatical signal We use “As a result.”

did you use?

Why do you think we need Because it would give us a

to be serious about our better job in the future.
study?

Very good. Let’s proceed Group 4

with group 4. Henreich had an
interaction with his crush.
Thus, he blushed.
 What grammatical signal We use “Thus.”
did you use?

Great. Admiring someone When we do not know our

at your age is okay. When limitations, sir.
is it becomes wrong?

Very good. Let us have the Group 5

last group. Alainah got betrayed by
her best friend. As a
consequence, she had a
confrontation with her.

What grammatical signal We use “As a

did you use? consequence.”

Okay. Have you ever been The pain was unbearable

betrayed by your best because she was the
friend? What did you feel? person I have trusted the
most.

I see. The most painful

betrayal comes from the
one you least expect,
indeed.

Great job! Congratulate

yourselves for your
interesting presentation.
All of you demonstrated
knowledge on the topic
given at hand. I can see
that you have substantial
perspectives regarding the
topics. Further, you
successfully applied what
you have learned about our
lesson. You used not just
one, but various
grammatical signals for
cause-effect pattern. For
that, job well done!
G. Additional activities for In your notebook, use the
application or remediation following cause-effect
transition words to
complete the sentences
below. Some words may be
used more than once.

Transition words:
Resulted in, so,
consequently, as a result,
then, therefore, lead/led
to, because.

1. If you are caught

driving too fast, _____
you will get a speeding
ticket.
2. High fuel costs _____
higher food prices and
the loss of many jobs.
3. It was raining and I
missed my bus; _____ I
got wet and missed my
test.
 4. A woman’s use of
alcohol during
pregnancy can _____
birth defects in an
unborn child.
5. _____ Larry’s car stereo
was so loud, I could see
his mouth moving, but
I had no idea what he
was saying.
V. REMARKS 8- Linnaeus

Prepared by:

JULIUS R. BONAOBRA
Student-Teacher

Noted:

JULIO T. BARBACENA PRECY N. BELCHEZ

Cooperating Teacher MT-I, OIC, English Department