Engineering survey is a specialized branch of surveying that involves collecting and analyzing data about

the physical features of a site, such as its topography, geology, and hydrology, to assist in the planning,
design, and construction of civil engineering projects such as roads, bridges, dams, and buildings.

- Site selection and planning: Engineering surveys can help determine the best location for a project,
taking into account factors such as soil stability, flood risk, and access to utilities.

- Design and construction: Surveys can be used to create detailed maps, models, and drawings that help
engineers and architects design and construct a project.

- Monitoring and maintenance: Surveys can also be used to monitor the condition of existing
infrastructure and identify areas that may need repair or maintenance.

- Environmental assessment: Surveys can be used to assess the potential environmental impacts of a
project and identify ways to mitigate those impacts.

- Land valuation: Surveys can provide information about the value of a property and help determine the
appropriate compensation for landowners affected by a project.

- Disaster recovery: Surveys can be used to assess the damage caused by natural disasters such as
floods, earthquakes, and landslides and help with recovery efforts.

- GPS: Global Positioning System (GPS) is a technology that uses satellite signals to determine the
location of a point on the Earth's surface. Surveyors can use GPS receivers to establish control points by
measuring the coordinates of a known point and then using these coordinates to establish other control
points in a survey area.

- Total station: A total station is a surveying instrument that combines the functions of a theodolite,
electronic distance meter, and an electronic data collector. Surveyors can use a total station to measure
distances, angles, and elevations and establish control points by measuring the coordinates of a known
point and then using these coordinates to establish other control points in a survey area.
[5/4, 12:26] Mkomana: Establishing verticality during the construction of a multi-story building is
important for maintaining structural integrity and ensuring that floors and ceilings are level. Here are
some methods used to control verticality during construction:

- Plumb bob: A plumb bob is a device that uses a weight on a string to establish verticality. The string is
hung from the ceiling or a reference point, and the plumb bob is dropped to establish a vertical line that
can be used as a reference for construction.

- Laser levels: Laser levels project a beam of light that is perfectly horizontal or vertical.

- Spirit level: A spirit level is a simple tool that uses a liquid in a sealed tube to establish a horizontal or
vertical plane. The level is placed on a surface and adjusted until the liquid in the tube is level, indicating
that the surface is horizontal or vertical.

- Transit: A transit can be used to establish verticality by aligning the vertical axis of the instrument with
a reference point.

(e)Explain the importance of deformation survey

Deformation surveying is an important component of structural monitoring, which is the process of

measuring the changes in the shape and position of a structure over time. Deformation surveys are
conducted to identify any potential problems with a structure, such as subsidence, settlement, or
movement, that could affect its structural integrity and safety.

Deformation surveys can be used to monitor the performance of a structure during construction, as well
as to assess its condition and stability over its lifetime. This information can be used to identify potential
problems, develop solutions, and prevent structural failures.