Draft

Daniel

Leo

Rubén

Sebas

1-how does the mexican population receive migrants when they arrive?

Mexican immigration occupies a complex position in the U.S. legal system and in U.S. public
opinion. Immigration law has swung back and forth throughout the 20th century, at times
welcoming Mexican immigrants and at other times slamming the door shut on them. The public
reception of this immigrant group has also been unpredictable; Mexican immigrants have been
able to make a place for themselves in communities across the United States, but frequently
have had to battle hostile elements in those same communities to survive.

Mexican immigrants and their descendants now make up a significant portion of the U.S.
population and have become one of the most influential social and cultural groups in the
country. Mexican American culture will likely continue to shape U.S. life in language, politics,
food, and daily living and will help define the nation's identity for a new century.

2nd question How much do immigrants eat while being in the process of moving in Mexico.

More than a third of respondents (35 percent) said they had gone a day or more with only one
meal; 19 percent reported a day or more with no meals; and 20 percent reported two or more
consecutive days with no food. Food insecurity may even more pronounced further north, as
security conditions worsen in proximity to the U.S. border, contributing to even more challenging
access to soup kitchen-like facilities and migrant shelters, the researchers note.

The impact of the severe food insecurity noted, can be both acute potentially affecting health
during migration (affecting likelihood of exposure to water borne illness), as well as chronic,
potentially impacting life after resettlement. “Lack of access to a reliable food supply during the
long travel periods and grueling travel conditions imposed on migrants may increase risk for
developing upper respiratory or gastrointestinal infections due to lack of access to a clean water
supply. Experiences of food insecurity during the trip may compound risks for later chronic
health problems and may negatively impact adaptation post migration,” the researchers write.

3rd question

I’m what proportion has migration in Mexico increased in the last years

In 2021, Mexico received 68 000 new immigrants on a long-term or permanent basis (including
changes of status), 16% more than in 2020. This figure comprises 15.7% labour migrants,
40.9% family members (including accompanying family) and 30.1% humanitarian migrants.
Around 4 600 permits were issued to tertiary-level international students and 23 000 to
temporary and seasonal labour migrants.
Throughout 2022, Mexico experienced an increase in irregular migration at the southern border.
Additionally, as a result of the application of Title 42, Mexico continued taking back migrants
expelled by US authorities. Due to the increase of irregular transit through Mexico, Mexico
imposed visa requirements for Venezuelan nationals in January 2022 and for Brazilian nationals
in August 2022. After the end of Title 42, in May 2023, Mexico announced that, on humanitarian
grounds, it would continue to accept 30 000 individuals per month from Venezuela, Nicaragua
and Cuba. Although in 2022 the issuance of humanitarian documents increased by more than
47% compared to 2021, this does not necessarily implied a decrease in the irregular migrations
flows. In addition, to mitigate these irregular migratory flows, Mexico is seeking co-operation
channels to facilitate regular labour migration.

4-What would happen if there were more migrants than Mexicans in our own country?

The Mexican government has instituted a new migration policy based on two main pillars:
defending migrants' rights and taking a humanitarian approach to economic development in
order to address the structural causes of migration.

Accordingly, Mexico has granted legal status to more than thirteen thousand foreign nationals
who have entered the country at our southern border in order to document their entry and help
some of them enter the job market. The new policy rights the fundamental wrong committed
previously of condemning migrants to illegality and, therefore, to marginalization and
vulnerability.

In like manner, the Mexican government is spearheading the Comprehensive Development

Plan. With input from the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, the plan
includes various projects to boost the economic development of Guatemala, Honduras and El
Salvador, thereby mitigating the structural causes that trigger migration.

The Ministries of Foreign Affairs and the Interior reiterate that Mexico's implementation of its
new migration policy is a sovereign and independent decision to put human rights and the
expansion of egalitarian economic development in the region at its core.

5-What factors hace influenced patters of migration and immigration in recent years?

Apart from obvious push factors, the report offers that observed migration trends also appear to
align with the economic performance patterns of unskilled labor-intensive sectors that employ
high shares of Mexican workers. Balanced economic growth across all sectors during the
economic boom of the 1990s along with the expansion of the Mexican labor pool could have
induced rapid migration in response to labor demands. From 2000 to 2007, higher growth rates
of capital-intensive sectors may have led to a decrease in overall labor demand, which may
partially explain the reduction of Mexican migration flows during these years. In recent years,
the economic crisis appears to have had a disproportionate negative impact on unskilled labor-
intensive sectors, particularly the construction and manufacturing sectors in which Mexican
workers are most intensively concentrated, which could explain the recent decline in Mexican
migration flows.

Based on these findings, authors use a model of demand for Mexican labor by employment
sector to calculate a net flow of around 260,000 Mexican migrants to the United States per year
between 2011 and 2017. Even when the baseline estimate is adjusted to reflect possible supply
changes, authors conclude that migration flows are highly unlikely to reach peak levels
registered during the 1990s.
https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/mexican-migration-united-states-underlying-economic-
factors-and-possible-scenarios-future

https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/08d19fb4-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/
08d19fb4-en#:~:text=copy%20the%20linklink%20copied,Mexico&text=In%202021%2C
%20Mexico%20received%2068

https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/news/study-finds-widespread-food-insecurity-among-
migrants-traveling-through-mexico

https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/immigration/mexican/

American Immigration Council |https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org › ...Mexican

Migration Patterns Signal a New Immigration Reality