Review 3

1. Find the length of the vector v = ( 6, 4,3) .

2. Find the vector v with length 3 and the same direction as the vector u = ( –4, 4,1) .

3. Find the distance d between u = ( 2, 2,5 ) and v = ( –2, 7, 0 ) .

4. Find u ⋅ u, where u = ( 2, 0, –3, 6 ) .

5. Find the angle θ in radians between the vectors u = ( 0, 2, 0, 2 ) and v = ( 4, 4, 7,3) .

Round your answers to three decimal places.

6. Determine all vectors v that are orthogonal to u = ( –8,5 ) .

7. Find d ( u, v ) for the inner product u,=

v 3u1v1 + u2 v2 defined in R 2 , where
u = ( –2, 6 ) and v = ( 0, 7 ) .

8. Find d ( u, v ) for the standard inner product defined in R 3 , where u = ( 0,5,5 ) and
v = ( 6, –6, –8 ) .

) x 2 and g ( x=) x 2 + 4 in C [ −1,1] to find d ( f , g ) for the

9. Use the functions f ( x=
1
inner product f,g = ∫ f ( x ) g ( x ) dx .
−1

10. Use the inner product A, B = 2a11b11 + a12b12 + a21b21 + 2a22b22 to find A, B , where
 2 –3  1 3
=A =  and B  .
5 4   –4 1

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11. Find the coordinates of x = ( 2,3) relative to the orthonormal basis
 4 41 5 41   5 41 4 41  
  in R .
2
B=  − ,  ,  ,
 41 41   41 41  

12. Use the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization process to transform the basis

B = {( 0,10, 20 ) , ( 20, 0, 0 ) , (1,1,1)} for R 3 into an orthonormal basis. Use the Euclidean
inner product for R 3 and use the vectors in the order in which they are shown.

13. 6    3 0  
   
Find the projection of the vector v = 9  onto the subspace S = span  0  ,  3  .
   
8   3 3 
    

14. Let T : R 3 → R 3 be a linear transformation such that

T (1, 0, 0 ) =
( 2, 4, −1) , T ( 0,1, 0 ) =
(1,3, −2 ) , and T ( 0, 0,1) =
( 0, −2, 2 ) . Find T ( 0, 4, –3) .

15. The linear transformation T : R 5 → R 2 is defined by T ( v ) = Av , where

 –2 4 3 1 5 
A=  . Find T (1, 0, −1,3, 0 ) .
 0 0 4 –2 0 

16. Find the kernel of the linear transformation

( 4 x, 0, 7 z ) .
T : R 3 → R 3 , defined by T ( x, y, z ) =

17. The linear transformation T : R 3 → R 2 is represented by T ( v ) = Av, where

5 –3 5
A=  . Find a basis for the kernel of T.
 0 3 5

18. The linear transformation T : R 3 → R 2 is defined by T(x) = Ax, where

 0 −2 3 
A=  . Find nullity(T).
14 0 12 

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19. The linear transformation T : R 3 → R 2 is defined by T(x) = Ax, where
 0 −2 3 
A=  . Find rank(T).
 2 0 14 

20. Let T be a linear transformation from R 9 → R8 . Given that rank(T) = 4, find nullity(T).

21. Find the standard matrix A for the linear transformation T defined by
T ( x, y ) = ( –2 x, 2 y ) .

22. Find T ( v ) where T ( x, y, z ) =( x − y, y − z ) and v =( 4, 7, –1) by using the matrix

relative to B = {(1,1,1) , (1,1, 0 ) , ( 0,1,1)} and B′ = {(1, 2 ) , (1,1)} .

23. Find the matrix A′ for T relative to the basis B′ = {(1, 1, 0 ) , (1, 0, 1) , ( 0, 1, 1)} .
T : R 3 → R 3 , T ( x, y , z ) =
( –5 x, 7 y, 9 z )

24. Let B = {(1, 2 ) , ( –4, – 6 )} and B′ = {(1, 4 ) , ( –27, – 36 )} be bases for R 2 , and let
 2 5
A=  be the matrix for T : R 2 → R 2 relative to B. The transition matrix P from
 4 5
5 9 
B' to B is P =   . Use the matrices A and P to find [ v ]B and [T ( v ) ]B , where
1 9 
3
[ v ]B ' =   .
 –2 

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25. Let B = {(1, 1, 0 ) , (1, 0, 1) , ( 0, 1, 1)} and B′ = {(1, 0, 0 ) , ( 0, 1, 0 ) , ( 0, 0, 1)} be bases for
 5 7
 2 –3 − 
2
 
R , and let
3
A = − 7 4
3 
be the matrix for T : R 3 → R 3 relative to B. The
 2 2 
 7 7 
 4
 2 2 
 1 1 –1
1
transition matrix P from B′ to B is P =  1 –1 1  . Use the matrices A and P to
2
 –1 1 1 
2
find [ v ]B and [T ( v ) ]B , where [ v ]B ' =  4  .
 2 

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Answer Key
1. v = 61
2.  12 12 3 
v=  − , , 
 33 33 33 
3. d = 66
4. u · u = 49
5. 1.022 radians
6. v = ( 5t ,8t ) , where t is any real number
7. d(u, v) = 13
8. d ( u, v ) = 326
9. d ( f , g ) = 4 2
10. A, B = –17
11.  7 41 
 
[ x]B =  41 
 22 41 
 
 41 
12.  1 2   2 1 
 0, ,  , (1, 0, 0 ) ,  0, ,− 
 5 5  5 5 
13.  11 
3
 
 20 
3
 
 31 
 3 
14. ( 4,18, –14 )
15. ( –2, –10 )
16. ker(T ) = {( 0, s, 0 )} , where s is any real number
17. {( –6, –5,3)}
18. 1
19. 2
20. nullity(T) = 5
21.  –2 0 
A= 
 0 2
22. The image of each vector in B is as follows.

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 T (1,1,1
= ) (=0, 0 ) 0 (1, 2 ) + 0 (1,1)
T (1,1,
= 0,1) (1, 2 ) − (1,1)
0) ( =
T ( 0,1,1) = (1, 2 ) − 2 (1,1)
( −1, 0 ) =
Thus,
0  1 1
= T (1,1,1)  B′ = ,
  T (1,1, 0 ) 
 B′  −1 , and
= 
T ( 0,1,1)  B′  −2  ,

0     
which implies that

0 1 1 
A= .
0 −1 −2 
Then, because

 –4 
[ v ]B =  8  ,
 3 

you have

 –4 
0 1 1     11 
T (= [ v ]B 
v )  B′ A= =8  .
0 −1 −2     –14 
3

Thus, T ( v ) 11
= = (1, 2 ) –14 (1,1) ( –3,8) .
23.  1 –7 –1
A′ =  –6 2 1 
 6 7 8 
24.  –3   –81
= [ v ]B =  , [T ( v ) ]B  
 –15  –87 
25. 2  –2 
 0  , [T ( v ) ]B  –4 

= [ v ]B =
 2  14 

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