Review of

Historical
Evolution in
Nursing
ELAINE FRANCES M. ILLO,
RM, RN
 HOW DID
HOW DID
NURSING
NURSING
START?
START?

WHERE
DID IT
BEGIN?
 C
6 th
entury
MEDIEVAL PERIOD
(Period of Intuitive Nursing)

6th-18th MIDDLE AGES

Century (Period of Apprentice Nursing)

18th–20th
Century
NIGHTINGALE ERA
(Period of Educational Nursing)

20th
Century CONTEMPORARY
Primitive
TIMES

➢ Took care of children and

sick members of the family
➢ Superstitious and believes
magic
➢ “Slave Nurses”
 NON HUMAN
caused by ghosts

HUMAN
caused by witchcraft
 I N I N G
TREP H

SHAMAN
 Ancient ROME

Ancient Egypt Ancient CHINA

 Apprentice
NURSING PERIOD
 TEUTONIC
KNIGHTS
✓ Took subsequent
CRUSADES wars in the Holy
✓ Men practiced Land
nursing ✓ Cared for the
injured and
established
hospitals in the
military camps
 KNIGHTS OF ST.
LAZARUS
✓ established a standard
among hospitals in
Europe
✓ took care of clients
with skin problems like
leprosy.
 17TH CENTURY – 19TH CENTURY

✓ Also called the Period of Reformation

until the American Civil War
✓ Hospitals were closed
✓ Nursing were the works of the least
desirable people (criminals, prostitutes,
drunkards, slaves, and opportunists)

Dark Period
OF NURSING
 ✓ The American Civil War was led by
Martin Luther, the war was a religious
upheaval that resulted to the
destruction in the unity of Christians.
✓ The conflict swept everything
connected to Roman Catholicism in
schools, orphanages, and hospitals

DARK PERIOD OF NURSING

✓ Nurses were uneducated, filthy, harsh, ill-fed,
overworked
✓ Mass exodus for nurses
 Kaiserswerth Institute

Theodore Fleidner
NURSING PERIOD
Educational
St. Thomas HOSPITAL
Florence NIGHTINGALE
An English lady from a
wealthy family during the
Victorian era

Her favorite dictum, “DO

THE PATIENT NO HARM”
III. Professional nurses should
train nurses
IV. Nursing students should be
provided with residence
near their training hospitals.
» written orders of
doctors insisted.
» nurses should go with
doctors during rounds.
 Nursing is offered in
College and Universities.
Includes scientific and
technological development,
social changes occurring after
the war.

Contemporary
NURSING PERIOD
✓ WHO established by U.N to fight diseases by
providing health information, proper nutrition,
living standard, environmental conditions.
✓ Medical equipment and machines for diagnosis and
treatment
✓ Health related laws
✓ Primary Health Care – Nurses involvement in CHN
✓ Technology advances such as development of
disposable equipment and supplies that relieved
the tedious task of Nurses.
✓ Development of the expanded role of Nurses
21st
 Philippine
Nursing History
 EARLY BELIEFS AND PRACTICES

Beliefs About Causation of Diseases:

➢ Caused or inflicted by other person (enemy or
witch)
➢ Evil spirits

Beliefs That Evil Spirits Could Be Driven Off By Person

With Powers To Expel Bad Spirits:
➢ Believed in Gods of healing
➢ Word doctors – priest physicians
➢ Herbolarios - herb doctors
 EARLY CARE OF THE SICK

▪ HERBICHEROS
▪ MANGKUKULAM / MANGANGAWAY
 EARLY HOSPITALS

HOSPITAL REAL DE MANILA -

1577

SAN LAZARO HOSPITAL -

1578
 HOSPITAL DE INDIOS - 1586

HOSPITAL DE AGUAS SANTAS - 1590

SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL – 1596
 PERSONAGES:

DOℵA MARIA JOSEPHINE

HILARIA DE AGONCILLO BRACKEN
DE
MELCHORA
AGUINALDO AQUINO
AGUINALDO
ANASTACIA GIRON TUPAZ
▪ Founder of Filipino Nurses
Association established on October
15, 1922
▪ 1st Filipino chief nurse of PGH
▪ 1st Filipino Superintendent of Nurses
in the Philippines

FRANCISCO DELGADO
▪ 1st president of Filipino Nurses
Association
CESARIA TAN
▪ 1st Filipino to receive
Masteral Degree in
SOCORRO DIAZ
Nursing abroad
▪ 1st editor of PNA
magazine called, "The
SOCORRO SIRILAN
Message"
▪ Pioneer in Social
Service at San Lazaro
CONCHITA RUIZ
Hospital
▪ Full time editor of the
▪ Also the chief nurse
PNA newly named
magazine, "The Filipino
ROSA MILITAR
Nurse
▪ Pioneer in nursing
education
EARLY NURSING SCHOOLS
ILOILO MISSION HOSPITAL AND SCHOOL
OF NURSING
▪ Established in 1906 under the
supervision of Rose Nicolet (American)
▪ Nursing course - 3yrs.
▪ Produced 1st batch of Nursing
graduates in 1909 - 22 nurses
▪ 1st TRAINED NURSES:
➢ Nicasia Cada
➢ Felipa Dela Pena
➢ Dorotea Caldito
▪ April 1944 - 1st Nursing Board Exam at
lloilo Mission Hospital
▪ PGH School of Nursing - 1907
▪ St. Paul School of Nursing - 1907
▪ St. Luke's School of Nursing - 1907
▪ UST - 1946
▪ Fatima - 1947
ST. PAUL’S HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF
NURSING (MANILA, 1907)

The hospital was established by the

Archbishop of Manila, The Most Reverend Jeremiah
Harty, under the supervision of the Sisters of St. Paul
de Chartres. - It was located in Intramuros and it
provided general hospital services
PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING (1907)
In 1907, with the support of the Governor
General Forbes and the Director of Health and
among others, she opened classes in nursing
under the auspices of the Bureau of Education. -
Anastacia Giron-Tupas, was the first Filipino to
occupy the position of chief nurse and
superintendent in the Philippines, succeeded her.
 ST. LUKE’S HOSPITAL SCHOOL
OF NURSING (QUEZON CITY,
1907)
In 1907, the school opened with three Filipino
girls admitted. - Mrs. Vitiliana Beltran was the first
Filipino superintendent of nurses.
MARY JOHNSTON HOSPITAL AND
SCHOOL OF NURSING (MANILA,
1907)
It started as a small dispensary on Calle
Cervantes (now Avenida) - It was called Bethany
Dispensary and was founded by the Methodist
Mission. - Miss Librada Javelera was the first
Filipino director of the school.
PHILIPPINE CHRISTIAN MISSION
INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF NURSING
The United Christian Missionary of Indianapolis,
operated Three schools of Nursing: 1. Sallie Long Read
Memorial Hospital School of Nursing (Laoag, Ilocos
Norte,1903) 2. Mary Chiles Hospital School of Nursing
(Manila, 1911) 3. Frank Dunn Memorial Hospital.
▪ SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING
(MANILA, 1913)
▪ EMMANUEL HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING
(CAPIZ,1913)
▪ SOUTHERN ISLAND HOSPITAL SCHOOL OF NURSING
(CEBU,1918) - The hospital was established under the Bureau of
Health with Anastacia Giron-Tupas as the organizer.
● The First Colleges of Nursing in the Philippines
● University of Santo Tomas College of Nursing (1946)
● Manila Central University College of Nursing (1948)
● University of the Philippines College of Nursing
(1948). Ms. Julita Sotejo was its first Dean.
• GAMANDEEP, 2018; Retrieved: October 15, 2021; “THE EVOLUTION OF NURSING”;
Retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/GAMANDEEP/the-evolution-of-nursing
• Jed Montayre, 2013; Retrieved: October 15, 2021; “HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF
NURSING”; Retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/jed22cute/history-and-evolution-of-
nursing-17672136
• Prince Purnoose, 2016; Retrieved: October 15, 2021; “HISTORY OF NURSING”; Retrieved from:
https://www.slideshare.net/Prince2332/history-of-nursing-62228724
• Reynel Dan, 2012; Retrieved: October 15, 2021; “HISTORY OF NURSING”; Retrieved from:
https://www.slideshare.net/reynel89/history-of-nursing-11955066
• Slides extracted from Ma. Tosca Cybil A. Torres