Module 3

Image Transforms and Filtering

in the Frequency Domain

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Syllabus
• Discrete Fourier Transform,
• Discrete Cosine Transform,
• Smoothing in the Frequency Domain,
• Sharpening in the Frequency Domain,
• Wavelet Transformation
• Haar Transform.

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NEED FOR IMAGE TRANSFORMS

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Spatial Frequencies in Image Processing
• ‘spatial frequency’ is used to describe the rate of
change of pixel intensity of an image in space. It can
be visualized using the line profile of the image in any
row or column.

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Example of Image Profile

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Types of image transforms
• Essentially there are two categories of transforms
available
1. Orthogonal and
2. Non-sinusoidal.

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Transforms

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Introduction to Fourier Transform

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• The inverse Fourier transform is expressed mathematically as

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DFT

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Inverse DFT

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DFT Kernel Matrix

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Inverse DFT

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FFT

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FFT ALGORITHM

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FFT

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INVERSE FFT

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PROPERTIES OF FOURIER TRANSFORM

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Discrete cosine Transform

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Two Dimensional DCT

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Wavelet Transform

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The Fourier Transform

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The Short-Time Fourier Transform

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The Wavelet Transform

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What does the Wavelet Trsnsform look like?

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The Wavelet

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Discrete Wavelet Transform

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Multilevel Decomposition

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Haar Transform
• The transforms whose basis functions are non-sinusoidal in
nature includes Haar transform, Walsh transform, Hadamard
transform and slant transform.
• The Haar transform is the simplest example of a wavelet
transform.
• One of the important advantages of wavelet transform is
that signals (images) can be represented in different
resolutions.

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