ĐIỀU KHIỂN TỰ ĐỘNG

Automatic Control
ECE 306
Nguyen Thi My Thanh
Room 320.B11 (office hours)
Phone: 0907599993
Email: Thanh.nguyenthimy@eiu.edu.vn
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 Chapter 0 Introduction to control systems
0.1 Examples of control systems
0.2 Open-loop and closed-loop control systems
0.3 Classification of control systems

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 0.1 Examples of control systems
➢ What is a control system?
▪ Control is a process of getting information, processing information, and
acting on the system so that the system responds as desired.

▪ Automatic control is the control process without human intervention.

Manual control Automatic control 3

 0.1 Examples of control systems
Example: Temperature control
Operational
amplifier
Desired Error v u
temperature + Amplifier Power Heater
-

Current
temperature Measurement
Sensor
circuit
Thermocouples
RTD
Thermistors
Semiconductor(LM35)

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 0.1 Examples of control systems
➢ Basic control systems

r e u y
+ Controllers Plants
-

Sensors

▪ r: desired output (reference)

▪ y: current output
▪ u: desired input
▪ e: error

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 0.3 Open-loop and closed-loop control systems
➢ Controllers
1. Two-position or on–off controllers

➢ The number of on-off switching per minute can reduce the useful life of the component.

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 0.3 Open-loop and closed-loop control systems
➢ Controllers
2. Proportional-Integral-Derivative controllers

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 0.3 Open-loop and closed-loop control systems
➢ Plants : Any physical object to be controlled
❖ Mechanical device

❖ A heating furnace

❖ A chemical reactor

❖…

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 0.2 Open-loop and closed-loop control systems
➢ Sensors
❖ The devices that convert the output variable into another suitable variable
❖ Used to compare the output to the reference input signal.
❖ The set point must be converted to a reference input with the same units as the
feedback signal from the sensor or measuring element.
▪ Temperature sensors

▪ Position sensors

▪ Velocity sensors

▪ Distant sensors

▪ Level sensors

▪ Pressure sensors,…
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 0.2 Open-loop and closed-loop control systems
➢ Open-loop control systems (Non-feedback control systems)

Actuating Controlled
Reference signal variables
Controller Plants
Input r Output

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 0.2 Open-loop and closed-loop control systems
➢ Open-loop control systems (Non-feedback control systems)
Example: DC motor control system

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 0.2 Open-loop and closed-loop control systems
➢ Closed-loop control systems (Feedback control systems)

Controlled
Reference error variables
+ Controller Plants
- Output
Input r

Sensors

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 0.2 Open-loop and closed-loop control systems
➢ Closed-loop control systems (Feedback control systems)
Example: DC motor control system
Encoder

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 0.2 Open-loop and closed-loop control systems
➢ Closed-loop vs Open-loop control systems

Open-loop Closed-loop
Construction Easy Difficult
Cost Low High
Stability Major problem
No stability problem

Quality Output may be different Bring the output of the

from what is desired system to a desired value
Disturbances Insensitive Sensitive

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 0.2 Open-loop and closed-loop control systems
➢ Control problems
❖ System analysis

❖ Controller design

❖ Plant identification

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0.3 Classification of control systems
Linear system – Non-linear system
Time invariant system – Time-varying system
Continuous system – Discrete-time system
Regulator – Tracking
Adaptive system – Non-adaptive system

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