PHYSICS PRACTICAL

EXPERIMENT NO: 1

CLASS XI
PREPARED BY: KOMALJEET KAUR CHHABRA
 AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

TO FIND THE INTERNAL DIAMETER AND

DEPTH OF A GIVEN CALORIMETER USING
VERNIER CALLIPERS AND HENCE FIND ITS
VOLUME.

PREPARED BY : KOMALJEET KAUR CHHABRA

 M AT E R I A L R E Q U I R E D

VERNIER CALLIPERs CALORIMETER

PREPARED BY: KOMALJEET KAUR CHHABRA
DIAGRAM

VERNIER CALLIPERS
PREPARED BY: KOMALJEET KAUR CHHABRA
 T H E O RY

FORMULA USED :
Volume of calorimeter = π r2 h
Where, r is the internal radius of the calorimeter and
h is the depth of the calorimeter.

PREPARED BY: KOMALJEET KAUR CHHABRA

 O B S E R V AT I O N S
VERNIER CONSTANT (LEAST COUNT)
Length of smallest division on main scale= 1 mm
10 vernier scale division = 9 main scale division
10 V.S.D = 9 M.S.D
9
1 V.S.D = 10
M.S.D
Least count or Vernier constant= 1M.S.D -1 V.S.D
9 1
L.C= 1 M.S.D - M.S.D = M.S.D
10 10
But 1 M.S.D = 1 mm
𝟏
L.C = 𝟏𝟎 X 1 mm = 0.1 mm =0.01 cm
PREPARED BY: KOMALJEET KAUR CHHABRA
TA B L E F O R I N T E R N A L D I A M ET E R
SNO MAIN NO. OF VERNIER OBSERVED
SCALE VERNIER SCALE READING
READING DIVISION READING M+ n X L.C
(M) COINCIDING n X L.C
(n) (cm)
(cm) (cm)

1. 4.6 8 8x 0.01 h1= 4.6 +0.08

= 0.08 =4.68 cm

2. 4.6 7 7x 0.01 h2= 4.6 +0.07

= 0.07 =4.67 cm

3. 4.6 8 8x 0.01 h3= 4.6 +0.08

= 0.08 =4.68 cm

PREPARED BY : KOMALJEET KAUR CHHABRA

 TA B L E F O R D E P T H
SNO MAIN NO. OF VERNIER OBSERVED
SCALE VERNIER SCALE READING
READING DIVISION READING M+ n X L.C
(M) COINCIDING n X L.C
(n) (cm)
(cm) (cm)

1. 7.6 9 9x 0.01 h1= 7.6 +0.09

= 0.09 =7.69 cm

2. 7.6 7 7x 0.01 h2= 7.6 +0.07

= 0.07 =7.67 cm

3. 7.6 8 8x 0.01 h3= 7.6 +0.08

= 0.08 =7.68 cm

PREPARED BY : KOMALJEET KAUR CHHABRA

 C A L C U L AT I O N S
𝑑1 +𝑑2 +𝑑3
Mean observed Internal diameter (d) =
3
4.68+4.67+4.68 14.03
= =
3 3
= 4.68 cm
Mean observed Internal radius (r ) = 2.34 cm
ℎ1 +ℎ2 +ℎ3
Mean observed depth (h) =
3
7.69+7.67+7.68 23.04
= =
3 3
= 7.68 cm
PREPARED BY : KOMALJEET KAUR CHHABRA
 C A L C U L AT I O N S

VOLUME OF CALORIMETER = π r2 h cm3

𝟐𝟐
= 𝟕
x (2.34)2 x 7.68
= 132.16533 cm3
= 132.17 cm3

PREPARED BY : KOMALJEET KAUR CHHABRA

 R E S U LT

The internal volume of given calorimeter is 132.17 cm3.

PREPARED BY : KOMALJEET KAUR CHHABRA

 PRECAUTIONS
1. The vernier constant and zero error should be carefully calculated
and recorded.
2. While measuring the depth , the edge of the main scale should
not get out of contact from the peripheral edge of the calorimeter
when the end of strip touches the bottom.
3. While measuring the depth , the strip should be perpendicular to
the bottom.
4. Motion of vernier scale on main scale should be made smooth (by
oiling if necessary).
5. The calorimeter should be gripped between the jaws firmly but
gently (without undue pressure on it from the jaws).
PREPARED BY : KOMALJEET KAUR CHHABRA
THANK YOU
PREPARED BY : KOMALJEET KAUR CHHABRA