Parth Tripathi Final

A Minor Project
ReportOn
Title: Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirementsfor the Award of Degree of
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE
SUPERVISOR by: SUBMITTED BY:

Dr. Farah Tazeen Parth Tripathi
Roll No.: 2110732010656
B.com VI Semester
SHIA PG. COLLEGE
1
SHIA PG. COLLEGE
CERTIFICATE
It is certified that the work contained in Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana

(PMUY) by Parth Tripathi (2110732010656) and has been carried out under my
supervision.
Supervisor
Dr. Farah Tazeen
2
STUDENT
DECLARATION
I undersigned, hereby declare that the project titled “Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala
Yojana (PMUY)" submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of Degree of
Bachelor of Commerce is a Bonafede record of work done by me under the
guidance of Dr. Farah Tazeen. This report has not previously formed the basis for
the award of any degree, diploma, or similar title of any University.
Place: Lucknow
Date:
Signature of the Student
Parth Tripathi
(2110732010656)
3
Acknowledgement
No project report ever reflects the efforts of a single individual. The report owes its
existence to the constant support and guidance of people. I am grateful to all of them. I
owe a never- ending debt of gratitude to Dr. Farah Tazeen for their expert guidance
and support. I wouldlike to thank all the respondents for giving their valuable time and
providing useful information.I am also grateful to all those who have either directly or
indirectly contributed toward the completion of the project, for their support and
encouragement.
4
INDEX
S.No Title Name Page No.
1 Chapter 1 Introduction 6-13
2 Chapter 2 Review Of Literature 14-17
3 Chapter 3 Research Methodology 18-27
4 Chapter 4 Data Analysis & Interpretation 28-54
5 Chapter 5 Findings, Suggestions & 55-57

Conclusion
6 58-60
References
5
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
India has around 24 crores household out of which 41 percent households i.e about 10 crores
households are still dependent on fossil fuel for cooking even after 68 years of independence
(Times of India 29th December, 2016). The fossil fuel includes firewood, coal, kerosene and
biomass like animal dung, cakes and crop wastes etc. The smokes from burning such fuels
contain hazardous substances and carbon monoxide which causes alarming pollution to
household and neighboring areas. The indoor air pollution created from use of such un-cleaned
fuel adversely affects the health of women, children and other people residing nearby such
households causing respiratory diseases / disorders like lung cancer, heart disease, stroke and
chronic and obstructive pulmonary diseases. From study it is revealed that, the smoke inhaled
by women while cooking on such unclean fuel is equal to burning of 400 cigarettes in an hour.
An estimates around five lakh death occurs annually in India while a large number of people
suffers from respiratory disorders due to use of unclean cooking fuels (WHO Summit at
Geneva -2009 on Public Health and the Environment) In addition to this the children and the
women take the drudgery of collecting such fossil fuel. A large section of Society especially
the poor and rural landless peasant workers have lagged behind in the economic and social
development. They also have not benefited from the government policies and programs and
remained socially excluded from socio economic development.
They have limited access to the cleaner fuel liquefied Petroleum gas (LPG) and the piped
natural gas (PNG). The use of cleaneThe Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY : Home,
n.d.)– The free LPG connection scheme for poor – is to be understood in the context of pitiable
life stories of rural women, who perpetually depend on forest firewood for their domestic
energy needs and work under hazardous conditions, along with other skewed economic means,
and spend a substantial part of their life in smoky kitchens leading to deterioration of their
health.
6
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana was launched by hon'ble PM of India Shri Narendra Modi on
1/5/2016 from Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh. Launched in 2016, the Ujjwala Yojana was an
ambitious central government scheme intended to provide five crore free cooking gas
connections to all the poor families living below the poverty line in just 3 years’ time.
Availability of clean cooking fuel is a major challenge for rural households in India. This
deprivation is predominantly suffered by women and children as they are the most exposed to
harmful effects of smoke from burning unclean fuels in the households. In order to safeguard
the health of women and children by providing them with a clean cooking fuel – LPG, the
Government of India (GoI) launched (1 May 2016) Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY).
The scheme aims to provide five crore deposit-free LPG connections to women belonging to
Below Poverty Line (BPL) households appearing in Socio-Economic & Caste Census (SECC-
2011) and suffering with at least one deprivation.
In SECC-2011 census survey, Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) enumerated 24.49

crore (17.97 crore rural and 6.52 crore urban) households in the country. Out of these, 10.31
crore households {8.72 crore rural (48.53 per cent) and 1.59 crore urban (24.39 per cent)}
suffered with at least one deprivation, which were identified by the GoI for release of five crore
LPG connections under PMUY.
The target of five crore deposit-free LPG connections was revised (February 2018) to eight
crore LPG connections by the Government to include BPL families identified from SECC-
2011 list or BPL families covered under any of the seven categories1 under the scheme e-
PMUY which was to be achieved by March 2020. Accordingly, initial budget of ₹8000 crore
was increased (February 2018) to ₹12800 crore.
7
Socio-Economic Caste Census (SECC)- 2011
SECC-2011, a door to door enumeration exercise across the country, was conducted (2011)
through a comprehensive exercise involving MoRD, erstwhile Ministry of Housing and Urban
Poverty Alleviation, office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India and the
State Governments. SECC-2011 census assigned a unique AHL TIN2 of 29 digits to each
member of BPL household. First 26 digits of AHL TIN of every family are common for each
family member, and the last three are unique for each family member. AHL TIN ending with
‘001’ represents “head of the family” and that of the corresponding family members ends with
002, 003, 004 and so on.
8
Targeted beneficiaries for PMUY are women from BPL households appearing in SECC-2011
and having at least one of the following deprivations in the said survey:
Rural households Urban households
Households with only one room, kucha Households with only one room, kucha walls and
walls and kucha roof kucha roof
No adult members between ages of 16 and No adult member between the ages of 18 and 59
59
Female headed households with no adultFemale headed households with no adult male
male member between 16-59 years member between 18 and 59 years
Households with disabled member and no Households with any type of disabled member and
able bodied member no able bodied adult member between 18 and 59
SC/ST Households SC/ST Households
Households with no literate adult above 25 Households with no literate adult male above 21
years years
Landless households deriving a major part Households with any type of Chronic ill member
of their income from manual casual labour and no able bodied adult member between 18 and
59
Main source of household income through

unorga- nized employment, without regular wage
9
Identification of BPL Beneficiaries
PMUY prescribed that LPG connection would be provided in the name of women of BPL
families appearing in the list of SECC-2011. In order to get the LPG connection, the beneficiary
of eligible BPL family has to fill up the prescribed form, apply to the nearest LPG distributor,
complete the KYC3 requirements, provide the proof of residential address, Aadhaar number
and details of her bank account. In case she does not have an Aadhaar number, LPG distributor
is to assist her in obtaining the same. It is also necessary to provide the Aadhaar numbers of all
adult members (above 18 years) in the family. In case the adult members of her family do not
have Aadhaar number, she is required to provide an undertaking that the complete set of
Aadhaar numbers (of all the adult family members) would be provided within six months. She
is also required to provide a declaration that none of the other adult members of the family
already have LPG connection in his/her name.
On receipt of the application, LPG distributor is required to verify the application details
against the SECC-2011 database and carry out field verification of the information in order to
ensure the genuineness of the beneficiary and also to ensure that the family of the applicant
does not possess an LPG connection. Then, they have to enter the details of the applicant on
the dedicated web portal of the OMCs which has been created for this purpose. After
confirming through machine search of the nation-wide database of LPG customers that the
family does not possess an LPG connection anywhere else in the country, a new LPG
connection under PMUY is allotted to the applicant.
10
1.4 Financial assistance under PMUY
PMUY provides that an amount of ₹1600 per LPG connection towards security deposit for
LPG Cylinder, Pressure Regulator and Installation Charges etc. would be borne by the
Government as one-time financial assistance to adult women of BPL households included in
the SECC-2011 and who are not already having any LPG connection in their household. It also
prescribed that the Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) viz. Indian Oil Corporation Limited
(IOCL), Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation
Limited (HPCL) would provide an option to PMUY beneficiaries to opt for loan, if they so
desire, to cover the cost of a cooking stove and first refill. EMI of loan amount would be
recovered by the OMCs from the subsidy amount due to the beneficiaries on refills.
Salient Features of the scheme
•The scheme aimed to provide 5 crore deposit free LPG connections to women who were
devoid of LPG access and belonged to Below Poverty Line (BPL) which were to be identified
from Socio-Economic & Caste Census (SECC-2011) list.
•The scheme proposed to provide Rs.1600 per household to cover security deposit for a 14.2
kg cylinder as well as regulator.
•The cost of the Hot Plate and purchase of the first refill is borne by the beneficiary
•The beneficiaries have the option to take Hot Plate or the first refill or both on loan basis from
Public Sector Oil Marketing Corporations (OMCs) at zero interest rate.
•The loan is recovered through the subsidy accruing to the consumer on LPG refills under
Direct Benefit Transfer for LPG (DBTL)
•PMUY is likely to result in an additional employment of around one lakh and provide business
opportunity if at least Rs. 10000 crores to the Indian industry.
•Launch of this scheme provided a great boost to the Make in India campaign as all the
manufacturers of cylinders, gas stoves, regulators and gas hose are domestic.
11
The main mantra of this scheme is - Swachh Indhan, Behtar Jeevan- Mahilaon ko mila samman
(clean fuel, better life). The initiative, in line with the dream of creating smokeless villages
across the country, has come as a moment of pride for the women in BPL- household for getting
LPG connection as an identity of their own and to lead a smoke free, less polluted, convenient
and healthy life. Initially, PMUY envisaged a target of 5 crore connection with an allocation
of Rs.800 crore over a period of 3 years starting from Financial Year 2016-17. The Cabinet
Committee on Economic Affairs has enhanced the target of PMUY from 5 to 8 crore
connection with an additional of Rs.4800 crore. The target for the revised scheme was to be
achieved by 2020.
Moreover, the identification of prospective beneficiaries under PMUY in addition to the Socio-
Economic Caste Census 2011 (Socio Economic and Caste Census (SECC), n.d.) list has been
expanded by including the following categories.
•All SC/STs household
•Beneficiaries of Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (Gramin), AAY
•Forest dwellers
•Most backward Classes
•Tea and Extra Garden Tribes
•People residing in Island and rivers etc.
12
Focus and Scope
Our research aims to analyse: How many women have been empowered in practice after the
implementation of Ujjwala Yojna with a special focus on recent challenges faced by them
The primary focus of this paper has been to understand the success of PMUY in providing
women from the BPL strata with cleaner fuel and a healthier life. This research paper tries to
include all the barriers that these groups face in availing the benefits of this scheme. This paper
covers the on-ground problems, achievements and where along the path, did the scheme lag
behind. The scope of this paper ranges from understanding the aid and benefits provided by
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala yojana to the women belonging to the BPL category, the problems
faced by them and also the level to which the program has been successful in improving their
overall quality of life. On the other hand, this research paper tries to find answers to why many
people are not able to avail or are not voluntarily availing the facilities provided by this scheme
and to provide challenges as to how the challenges can be tackled.
The paper has tried to analyse the problems faced by the women on a holistic perspective but
a survey on a smaller scale with a total of 39 respondents was conducted only in Delhi and
hence, the analysis of the survey is restricted to Delhi. Hence, the scope of this paper is limited
to the examination of only women-related issues and the overall effect of the Yojna from the
lens of rural women.
CHAPTER-II
13
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Women empowerment through PMUY scheme in Rajasthan: A study of rural households

in selected regions
Doctor Yaduveer Yadav, Doctor Pradeep Kumar Sharma and Doctor Kiran Raj: the men
empowerment group Pradhan Mantri Yojana PMUY Scheme in Rajasthan: a study on rural
household in selected regions (Yadav, 2020) [6]; this paper attempted to analyze the impact of
PMUY scheme on the socio-economic status of women in the rural sector in India and thereby
assess the effectiveness of Yojana on women empowerment in the rural sector. The present
study is a survey-based approach in which server response was obtained from 187 women
living in the rural sector in India the study's findings show that all the dimension of PMUY
significantly impact the various aspects of women empowerment.
The paper also looked upon the barriers to LPG refills according to the responses received from
the women in which affordability and easy access to biomass account for about a total of 56
percent of the barriers. It had a multi- layered objective namely to identify, to assess the impact
and to propose a conceptual framework of the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana and its relation
with the social economic factors of women empowerment in the rural areas. The results of the
research mainly based on the survey was that a positive relationship was seen between financial
independence and managerial power of women with the sustainability of the Yojana.
The limitations of this paper are that it is based on the social economic variables related to the
women of the rural areas; while not taking into consideration other factors that can impact the
success and growth of this Yojana.
Are we really out of chulha trap: A case study from a district of Maharashtra
14
Vaishali Bhole Jaiswal, Pravin U Meshram; 2019; Are we really out of the Chulha trap: a case
study from a district of Maharashtra ((PDF) Are We Really out of Chulha Trap: A Case Study
from a District of Maharashtra | International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (IJHSR)
- Academia.Edu, n.d.)
The paper is based on the study which was carried out in the rural area of Nagpur district in the
state of Maharashtra. This study used the stratified random sampling technique. The
stratification was done at three different levels i.e., district, tehsil and village. To identify the
study area, the survey was conducted at two levels- viz., individual and household. This paper
tries to categorically understand the application of the LPG as the major fuel in rural areas in
the Nagpur district of Maharashtra and issues and challenges in switching to clean cooking
food in rural areas of the district. The paper identifies household air pollution as a potential
health risk to the women in underdeveloped countries. The paper also focuses on historical
programs such as non- conventional energy sources that were initiated to improve cookstoves
in 1982 and national programmes on improved chulha that started in 1983 and ended in 2004.
It focuses on the fact that even after being an industrialized state, a large percent of rural
households in Maharashtra in India uses firewood as the main cooking fuel. Around 68%
households in rural areas reported using firewood for cooking.
Rural women of Bikaner district and their knowledge level about selected rural
development programmes
Rani A and Sareen N; rural women of Bikaner district and their Knowledge about selected ruler
development program; 2021. (Chitra et al. – 2018 [7] - Knowledge of Rural Women Regarding
Health Practice.Pdf, n.d.)
The following paper is based on the responses of the respondent i.e., 400 rural women
beneficiaries selected randomly for this purpose of the Bikaner Lunkaransar.
Women’s satisfaction with pradhan mantri ujjwala
15
yojana (PMUY)
Doctor Ranjana Mall and Doctor Sangeeta Rani - Women’s satisfaction with Pradhan Mantri
Ujjwala – (Publication - International Journal of home science)
The present paper was carried out to understand the discrepancies in the refilling of the LPG
cylinders delivered under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana scheme, as a clear increase can
be seen in the LPG connections all over the country under this scheme but a fall in refilling rate
can also be measured by the empirical data available to us. The present study was carried out
in Muzaffar district of Bihar under which 110 women beneficiaries in the age group 35 to 65
years from the two blocks of Kanti and Musahari were selected.
Design of this research is a descriptive survey research and it came out with the following
conclusions
• Majority of the respondents were SC-ST followed by the OBC and general caste. More
than half of the beneficiaries was Hindu while 35.45 percent of them were Muslim, Sikh
0.91 percent and Christian 2.73 percent.
• More than half of the beneficiaries were illiterate.
• Majority of the beneficiaries were satisfied with the connection subsidy provided by the
Indian government.
• Beneficiaries’ response indicated that the majority of
them were satisfied with the availability of LPG refill.
• The beneficiaries of this scheme showed low satisfaction about the refill subsidy and cost
of LPG.
• Majority of the beneficiaries were satisfied with the simplification of the kitchen work
with the help of LPG cylinders.
16
The paper concludes with the recommendation that there is a need to rethink the price and the
subsidy provided by the government over the refilling of the cylinders as they are serving as
the major drawback behind the low refilling rate of the cylinders provided under the scheme to
the people.
17
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The methodology that has been adopted is a hybrid technique of using both primary and
secondary data to have a comprehensive study over the topic.
The primary data: Includes a survey that will be conducted in a rural area of Delhi at
Kalyanpuri, a village in East Delhi with the rural women on the beneficiaries and non-
beneficiaries of this scheme which included a questionnaire that tried to identify if they know
about the scheme and if yes, then how they have benefited from it. The survey is done with a
mix of open-ended, close-ended, and subjective questions. Detailed analysis of the survey is
presented towards the end of the paper.
Secondary data: Include content available on the internet
i.e. surveys, articles, reports, journals, various research papers, etc related to the study.
Researchers will be taking part in both qualitative and quantitative research to deeply
understand the veridical success and drawback of PMUY to evaluate how much more needs to
be done.
18
Reasons behind launch
During our research, we found that people used to collect firewood as a cooking fuel in the
villages. Villagers used to spend their entire day collecting firewood from forests to prepare
the day’s meal. Collecting, processing and transporting of cooking fuel every day was a major
burden for families living in rural India which was expected to be done only by the females
who even dropped their education for this work.
Not only was the collection of firewood time- consuming and integral part of the daily chore
of the womenfolk, but the smoke from the firewood would fill the entire household into a
deadly surrounding. These toxic gases from firewood were inhaled by the family members,
primarily by the women of the household, making them susceptible to chronic diseases. (WHO
Publishes New Global Data on the Use of Clean and Polluting Fuels for Cooking by Fuel Type,
n.d.) (Mhamia, A. (2016) [8]. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana: a giant step towards better life
for all. Pib. nic. in. Retrieved from http://pib. nic. in/newsite/printrelease. aspx.)
According to WHO estimates, about 5 lakh deaths in India are due to polluting cooking fuels.
(WHO Publishes New Global Data on the Use of Clean and Polluting Fuels for Cooking by
Fuel Type, n.d.) Each year, close to 4 million people all over the world die prematurely from
illness attributable to household air pollution from inefficient cooking practices using polluting
stoves paired with solid fuels. Most of these premature deaths are due to non- communicable
ailments such as heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer
caused by Indoor Air Pollution from cooking fuels used.
Indoor Air Pollution from firewood is also responsible for a significant number of acute
respiratory illnesses in young children along with harming the environment in a very dangerous
way. As per a WHO report, smoke inhaled by women from unclean fuel is equivalent to burning
400 cigarettes in an hour. It isn’t just the watery-eyed, dry- throated women but also the
children who are often in the vicinity during this arduous cooking process women would have
more spare time on their hands which they can choose to use as they deem fit. People in rural
India suffer tremendously due to the use of polluting fuels.
19
India in traditionally patriarchal societies, such as most of rural India, women are assigned the
responsibility of household duties, which includes the preparation of meals and by extension,
procuring the means to do so as well. This exposes them to the health risks of indoor air
pollution, and beyond it, to the risks and drudgery of procuring the energy sources.
The research study estimates that the annual health burden for India from indoor air pollution
to be 1.6–2.0 billion days of work lost in terms of sick days. Disproportionate division of labour
within the household results in women collecting over 56 percent fuel wood whereas they
contribute little to the household income.
Moreover, women’s psychological well-being is likely to be affected by household chores. A

study that focused primarily on improved biomass cook stoves, but also analysed the use of
other cooking solutions, including kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (Global
Alliance for Clean Cook stoves), showed that women who saved time due to clean fuels
increased their involvement in social and family activities, including spending time with
children and monitoring their studies, but the high initial investment required in clean cooking
technology and fuel (i.e., stove, cylinder, gas, regulator, and pipe) has been the most frequently
reported barrier to adoption by those with less economic resources and among those collecting
wood for free,. (Mall, R., & Rani, S. (2020) [11]
. Women’s satisfaction with Pradhan Mantri
Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY). Gen, 16, 14-55.) The 2015 largest rural energy survey in India
conducted by Columbia University in collaboration, found that about 95 percent of the rural
households expressed their lack of paying capacity as a barrier to adopting LPG. (Preservation
and The New Data Landscape - Columbia GSAPP, n.d.) For this affordability was aimed to be
targeted under PMUY.
20
Hence, the crux behind launching PMUY was to give the women the right to clean energy and
the right of life free from drudgery and smoke. The main aim was to empower the lives of
millions of women by giving incentives to them to use LPG cylinders.
Supposed benefits to womenfolk
The need of the hour was smokeless villages in India and relief from the scourge of cooking
for hours in smoke-filled kitchens. Not only was Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana supposed to
help change the energy resources, it also was aimed towards women empowerment. (Nanda,
B. C. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana as a Tool of Women Empowerment: An Assessment.
[13]
Mahila Pratishtha, 231.) Below listed are a few major things that according to the policy,
were supposed to help women in theory.
Improved status
Adoption of LPG via PMUY enabled women to invest their saved time and effort in collecting
solid fuel, to more productive activities. This led to an improved status of women in the
household, which further resulted in cleaner fuel choices and better health outcomes. An
assessment of these displacement activities within households is important to judge the overall
impact of PMUY on women's empowerment.
Women empowerment
This policy is, as they say concerning women - “a small step for women, a huge step for
womankind”. No more slogging in front of a stove covered in sweat, ash, and smoke. When
the world goes on about women's empowerment and equality of the sexes, everyone forgets to
address the pleas of those who don’t even realize that they need help, and the best way to
imprison a person is when the prisoner doesn’t even realize he/she is imprisoned. In this case,
it becomes really easy to overlook those who don’t realize the risk they are putting themselves
in by confining themselves to ‘free’ fuel and stripping each other of the opportunity to progress.
21
Empowering women has been found to contribute positively to the health of households as
women are directly involved in household decisions on energy use and expenditures. The more
empowered women are, the lesser their burden, the more likely they are to engage in income-
generating activities, and hence, increase the purchasing power of the household.
Relief from the curse of smoke
Ujjwala scheme is special to the poor women as it can provide relief to them from the prolonged
exposure to unhealthy smoke and indoor pollution while cooking. During the budget speech
for 2016-17, India’s Finance Minister had expressed the concern that Indian women from
centuries were facing the ‘curse’ of smoke during cooking. In the Indian household, as most of
the domestic work is done by women, the scheme in particular aimed at benefiting the women
in both long and short terms.
Creation of ancillary jobs
The rural and urban unemployed youth, engaged in the supply chain of cooking gas, will get
employment opportunities from the scheme. As the scheme’s coverage increases, the number
of youth employed is also likely to increase. The entire process can potentially lead to ancillary
job creation and income growth at the bottom.
1. Persistent increase in LPG Coverage and accelerating LPG Connections: Launched in

2016 to boost the usage of clean cooking fuels and control the related disease burden, the
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, estimated on the basis of active domestic connections and
estimated households, has claimed success with almost 99.8 percent in April, 2021 from 62
percent in May, 2016 coverage of liquefied petroleum gas in India as said by Union Minister
Dharmendra Pradhan. (Mall, R. (2019) [15]. Effect of education on adaptation & sustainability
of Pradhanmantri Ujjawala Yojana. Gen, 5(06.58), 166.)
22
In the first round, the Union government has released details of twenty-two states which show
around a 20 percent increase in actual usage of clean cooking fuel from 2015-’16 to 2019-’20.
The table also gives a clear picture of increase in LPG connections as released by ‘National
Family Health Survey- 5’ in 2019-20 as compared to the connections in 2015-16. This has been
a great step towards women empowerment as their work burden has reduced to a large extent
and their health too is getting better.
Table 1: National Family Health Survey
State NFHS-4 NFHS-5
Andhra Pradesh 50 78
Bihar 11 30
Gujarat 27 41
Karnataka 32 69
Kerala 51 66
Maharashtra 34 65
Telangana 48 88
West Bengal 11 21
Sources: National Family Health Survey-4: National Family Health Survey-5; PRS.
23
All India LPG coverage also increased from 61.90 per cent in May 2016 to 94.30 percent in
April 2019. This was a momentous achievement for the nation which not only helped many
women to cook food easily and improve their health but also helped them to get education and
do other stuff as they got free time to come out of their homes and seek various opportunities
to gain the respect they deserve.
2. Provision of Loans: In line with the scheme, OMCs have also extended the unsecured and
interest-free loan to the PMUY beneficiaries on account of cost of first refill and / or cost of
gas stove. As on 31 December 2018, 68.25 percent of beneficiaries have availed loan from
the OMCs.
Besides this an option for loan was also extended to the beneficiaries to cover the cost of the
stove and first refill. A total of 6.24 Cr Households (78 percent) availed the loan facility which
showed that incentives given attracted the rural household to take the cylinders impacting the
rural women in a positive way.
3. Independence and Identity to women: The biggest achievement as analysed by our study is
the recognition that women have been given as a part of this Yojna. As the LPG cylinders are
issued in women's names. Knowing that women have to fight for their identity in almost all
parts of the world, issuing the cylinders in their name is an achievement in itself. In recent
times, easier KYC guidelines and greater prominence to self-certifications has helped make
women even more independent. According to oil ministry officials, KYC approvals for 9.5
million new applications have already been received by the public sector oil marketing
companies, which is again a positive sign. (Patnaik, S., Tripathi, S., & Jain, A. (2018). A
roadmap for access to clean cooking energy in India. Asian Journal of Public Affairs, 11(1),
e4.)
24
4. Participation of women in public sphere: Along with this, as we are well aware that the
since cylinders are issued in the name of women, women need to be consulted and taken to
government departments for the due process which will also give them an opportunity to
explore, come out of their houses and know about the public sphere. Also, since many of the
women didn’t have Aadhaar cards which were a compulsion to avail the Yojna, many women
also get them made which is also a favourable impact.
5. Mutual Learnings and Awareness: A big advantage of this Yojna, as analysed by us, was
also the creation of awareness and breaking of prejudices against LPG cylinders. Considering
the fact most of the females are new users, LPG Panchayats were envisioned to discuss safe
handling of LPG, and benefits of using LPG over traditional fuels. Through these community
meetings, mutual learning was encouraged and women got to learn so many new learnings as
to how to use them safely and efficiently.
6. Global Glory: It was even applauded by the IEA whose Executive Director Fatih Birol
mentioned that “Providing access to LPG across India by 2020 is a major achievement. It is
not an energy issue, it is an economic issue, it is a social issue," in 2020 at a conference. It
was globally recognised even by WHO also wherein one of its reports said "While the latest
data show ambient air pollution levels are still dangerously high in most parts of the world,
they also show some positive progress. Countries are taking measures to tackle and reduce air
pollution from particulate matter. For example, in just two years, India’s Pradhan Mantri
Ujjwala Yojana scheme has provided some 37 million women living below the poverty line
with free LPG connections to support them to switch to clean household energy use,"
The biggest beneficiaries are the women from U.P., West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and
Rajasthan. A recent testimony to the success of PMUY was seen at a workshop in Delhi
associated with International Women’s Day 2020 celebrations where large number of PMUY
beneficiaries became a part of the workshop and shared their experiences, as to how their lives
have improved substantially after the adoption of gas chulhas in their homes. (Step, P. M. U.
Y. P. towards Social Inclusion in India.
25
Challenges: what deviated theory from practice
The Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana was introduced to initiate some work for the well-being
of women. A lot of effort was undertaken on the part of the government towards both- policy
formulation and implementation. For effective implementation of the policy, Effective
Nudging strategy was adopted by the government. Incentivization of the implementing officials
too, was done in order to improve the entire process. There have been many achievements too
of this Yojna as discussed in the earlier part. Despite all these efforts and substantial progress,
a number of loopholes and roadblocks still remain pretty intact in terms of accessibility and
affordability due to which women were compelled to use unclean cooking energy resources.
Since, in most of the households, cooking is done by females, the most immediate sufferers of
this pollution are the women whose lives are at stake. (Mani, S., Jain, A., Tripathi, S., & Gould,
C. F. (2020) [18]. The drivers of sustained use of liquified petroleum gas in India. Nature energy,
5(6), 450- 457.)
Even after subsidizing the LPG cylinders, its price still remains to be as high as about ₹ 800,
which varied in different areas. This price now is higher than any other fuel that one can use
for cooking. Kerosene, for instance can be bought for around ₹ thirty-three per litre and dung
cakes and firewood is usually available to the people. In a developing country like that of India,
where the number of poor people is high, it becomes very difficult to make a shift to sustainable
resources. Since, females are not the earning members of the families and so, they are forced
to use the fuel whatever the family can afford and become the most proximate victims of this
pollution. A poor family will not care about environmental problems and will stick to the use
of cheaper fuels for cooking; reason being lack of capital availability and sustainable resources
being comparatively expensive. The overall LPG consumption has not increased significantly,
despite a high growth of LPG connections. The gap between LPG connection and customer
growth in 2016-17 shows that customers were not buying enough refills. (Sanghera, 2019) [19]
It has been accepted by most people that using LPG is for sure better than using any other fuel.
However, this theory has become very difficult to implement on ground levels.
26
The policy was aimed at making an exclusive shift from all other sources to the use of LPG;
that however, has not become possible through PMUY. There have been some changes but
they are not long-term ones. The beneficiaries of this policy seem to resist making a complete
change and that is majorly because of the incompetence of the policy on real grounds.
Awareness issues: Too lead to major setbacks in policy implementation. Many people in the
rural areas are unaware of the benefits of using LPG cylinders. More than that, they are unaware
of the harmful impacts of other fuels on them. If they all were to be made aware of the serious
cardiovascular and respiratory problems that the traditional chulas would impede on them, the
scheme might see some level of improvement. Rural women living in rural and backward areas
are not familiar with the concept of using LPG as a cooking fuel and thus, think of it as a
complex phenomenon. (Why Have Improved Cook-Stove Initiatives in India Failed? -
ScienceDirect, n.d.)
27
CHAPTER-4
DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
Having read both- the achievements as well as the challenges before the scheme, one can easily
conclude that many gaps and cracks were embedded in the entire process. Even after the various
implementation strategies undertaken by the government for smooth execution, the programme
was not entirely- a success. There were certain arenas in which the policy formulation lagged
and certain areas in which the execution lacked.
Under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, a significant gap can be noticed between what the
government wanted it to be and what it turned out to be. It looks like there were many pointers
that should have been evaluated and worked on before the implementation of the policy. The
number of LPG suppliers, for instance, was a very basic mistake on the part of the government.
If the supply of LPG was to be increased, the supplier ratio should have been worked upon
accordingly. Also, the continued subsidising of the cylinders could have reached a better
solution. Awareness about using the LPG cylinders safely and efficiently should have been
paid more attention to. There were many cases in which the households were unaware of the
usage of the cylinders, thus, leading to mishaps. (Kaur-Sidhu, M., Ravindra, K., Mor, S., John,
S., & Aggarwal, A. N. (2019) [25]. Respiratory health status of rural women exposed to liquefied
petroleum gas and solid biomass fuel emissions. Air, Soil and Water Research, 12,
1178622119874314.)
Implementing the policy and getting the cylinders to all the needy is a whole another lagging
point. The recognition of the beneficiaries was faulty, leading to a ‘not-so-accurate’ distribution
of the subsidized cylinders. Also, activities like those of tampering of the cylinders, black
marketing, storinging huge quantities took place. Despite the effective nudging implementation
and incentivisation of distributing officers, unlawful activities still are taking place, having a
major impact on the policy’s image and execution.
28
Just like most of the other policies, corruption and underground illegal dealings had a major
destructive role in this policy too. One however, has to accept that the achievements that this
policy made, were remarkable. The initiative in itself is highly commendable as it was one of
the few policies that aimed at bringing about improvements in the areas of environment and
women. A little more effort could have brought the theory and practice into congruence and
made PMUY a benchmark of successful policies.
Kalyanpuri: Survey analysis
As a part of this research, a survey was conducted on the rural women on ‘23rd and 24th
October, 2021’ to understand the impact and influence of Ujjwala Yojana on the rural women.
Due to the paucity of time, the survey was conducted to a smaller scale in Kalyanpuri, a Village
in East Delhi Tehsil in East Delhi District of Delhi State on a total of thirty-nine respondents
(rural women). All of them were below poverty line. In some cases, women were not
comfortable sharing their name or their mobile number, so they were not forced and the name
of the male member of the family was taken. The person who went for the survey verbally
asked the questions and took responses. The main aim of the survey was to know how many
people are availing Ujjwala Yojana and how many are not.
29
For this purpose, two questionnaires were prepared. One was for those who were taking LPG
cylinders under Ujjwala Yojana in which questions were regarding subsidies, effect of the
Yojana on their lives, problems faced before using this, price of cylinders charged to them, etc.
Second was for those who were not availing Ujjwal yojana wherein questions asked were
related to the kind and cost of fuel.
Even after five years of the implementation of Ujjwala Yoojna, it was found by us that the
majority of women did not know about it, especially being a resident.
Targeted beneficiaries of PMUY are underprivileged BPL households deprived of LPG access
in the country. The objective of the scheme is to bring these BPL households under LPG
coverage through one-time Government financial assistance to support their transition from
unclean to clean cooking fuel. MoPNG inter alia formulated the following implementation
modalities of PMUY:
30
1. A woman of the BPL household, who does not have access to LPG connection, may
apply for LPG connection in the prescribed format along with details like address,
Jandhan/Bank account and Aadhaar numbers of all the adult family members to the LPG
distributor;
2. OMCs are to match the applications against SECC-2011 database and after ascertaining
their BPL status, enter the details into a dedicated OMC Web Portal. Primary
identification of a PMUY beneficiary is to be done on the basis of AHL TIN which is the
identifying number of each beneficiary;
3. OMCs undertake electronically the de-duplication exercise and KYC checks to ensure
that
the new connections are issued only to the eligible beneficiaries.
The process of issuance of LPG connections under PMUY is described in the following flow
Chart:
(Source –IOCL)
31
Identification of beneficiaries is a critical element in implementation and effectiveness of any
social inclusion scheme so as to extend the benefits to targeted beneficiaries.
Audit assessed the efficacy of the implementation process in terms of compliance to PMUY
guidelines, for deriving an assurance that the connections were issued to the intended and
eligible PMUY beneficiaries. This was done by analyzing the data provided by the OMCs, the
SECC-2011 data and the field audit of the KYC checks at the distributors’ premises. The
observations emerging from the above exercise are discussed in subsequent paragraphs:
Non-obtaining of Aadhaar Numbers of all adult family members from

PMUY beneficiaries
PMUY implementation modalities inter alia state that a woman beneficiary is required to
furnish Aadhaar number of all family members and OMCs are to undertake electronically the
de-duplication exercise for obviating the possibility of issue of multiple connections to the
same household. In order to enforce implementation modalities of PMUY, MoPNG notified 7
(23 June 2016) the approved format of Ujjwala KYC wherein obtaining the following
information was made mandatory for undertaking KYC checks:
• Details of household members aged above 18 years (consisting of people living together
in a dwelling unit having common kitchen);
• Aadhaar number of all adult family members along with copies of Aadhaar card;
• Ration card details viz. State of issue, Ration card number along with copy of ration card. The
PMUY Handbook (July 2016), had clarified that “it is mandatory to have Aadhaar as well as
a Bank account in the name of recipient beneficiary. For other members of the household, it
is mandatory to furnish Aadhaar number”.
32
On analysis of the PMUY consumer database, audit noticed that out of 3.78 crore active PMUY
LPG connections, OMCs released 1.60 crore (42 per cent) connections only on the basis of
beneficiary’s Aadhaar as depicted below:
(figures in crore)
Release of PMUY connections on single Aadhaar

400 3.78
350
300 1.60
1.80
250 (42%)
0.68 0.98 0.46 1.00 0.46
200
(38%) (47%) (46%)
150
100 IOCL BPCL HPCL Total
Total active connections Connections issued on single Aadhar
Audit further observed the following:
1. OMCs started (May 2013) an intra-OMC de-duplication exercise within their respective
databases as well as inter-OMC de-duplication (2014) post introduction of PAHAL
(DBTL)8 on the basis of Aadhaar number to ensure identification of multiple
connections. Further, as per implementation modalities of PMUY and Ujjwala KYC,
Aadhaar of all adult family members were to be mandatorily collected. Accordingly,
Aadhaar numbers of all adult family members were to be obtained and seeded in order to
make de-duplication exercise effective before release of PMUY LPG connections.
33
2. During test check of records at selected LPG Distributors, audit noticed that out of 1206
KYCs, though 361 PMUY beneficiaries had furnished Aadhaar numbers of their adult
family members along with KYC, the LPG distributors had not entered the same in the
LPG web portal. On verification of Aadhaar numbers of family members from OMCs
web portal, audit noticed that out of these 361 available Aadhaar numbers of adult family
members of PMUY beneficiaries, 72 (20 per cent) were found to be linked with some
other LPG connection with the same / another OMC which substantiates the existence of
additional LPG connections in the beneficiary households.
3. Further, as per the scheme if the Aadhaar number of all family members was not
available, OMCs were to facilitate in obtaining Aadhaar of family members. However,
LPG software of OMCs had no provision to seed Aadhaar after release of LPG
connections.
These cases are only indicative which were found during test check and may lead to diversion
of domestic LPG towards non-domestic use as there may be multiple connections on those
Aadhaar numbers which were not entered in the system. Thus, due to non-obtaining/non-
feeding of Aadhaar numbers of all adult family members of PMUY beneficiaries, de-
duplication exercise on Aadhaar number of all adult family members could not be done by the
OMCs which exposes the risk of diversion of connections to commercial use.
OMCs replied (April 2019) that Aadhaar of family members was not mandatory as per the
initial scheme document (31 March 2016) and in line with prevailing norms of KYC, the
enrolment started without mandatory collection of Aadhaar numbers of all adult family
members from PMUY applicants. Further, since implementation of PAHAL (DBTL), only
applicant’s Aadhaar was seeded to enact subsidy transfer. Accordingly, the same system was
continued under PMUY. Besides, to prevent multiple connections, AHL TIN de-dup was also
introduced by NIC on the basis of family AHL TIN (26 digits) and beneficiary AHL TIN (29
digits) eliminating the possibilities of issuing multiple connections to the same AHL TIN
family.
34
Further, OMCs, while referring to the FAQ issued by MoPNG, also stated that in case of non-
availability of Aadhaar number of family members, the customer should give a declaration
regarding non- existence of LPG connection in the name of family members. Based on the
market feedback, OMCs made it mandatory (September 2017) to collect at least one Aadhaar
of family members to strengthen the enrolment process.
Replies are not acceptable as approved KYC format of PMUY as well as MoPNG’s instructions
(June 2016) had expressly mentioned to mandatorily collect Aadhaar numbers of all adult
family members and no relaxation was ever given by MoPNG in this regard. Hence, continuing
with the existing practice of collecting single Aadhaar, as per PAHAL (DBTL), was not in line
with MoPNG directives. Further, AHL TIN de-duplication can detect multiple connections
issued under PMUY only i.e. against same AHL TIN / family AHL TIN and cannot detect
existing connection issued to other family members outside this scheme.
MoPNG noted (May/July 2019) the audit observation and advised OMCs to collect, seed and
carry out de-duplication afresh based on additional Aadhaar number of beneficiaries’ husband
or other adult family member. The OMCs have designed the requisite provision in their LPG
software. Further, upon verification by OMCs, 17,615 connections were found with NULL
AHL TIN and 79,415 multiple connections. All these connections were blocked and 42910
cases were terminated.
However, the above mechanism will not eliminate the possibility of multiple connections
existing in the name of other family member whose Aadhaar number is not captured in the
system.
35
3.2 Issue of LPG connections in deviation from PMUY guidelines
Identification of BPL women beneficiaries through SECC list and de-duplication on Aadhaar,
AHL TIN and bank account are established processes for releasing LPG connections under
PMUY. Audit noticed that LPG connections were released to the beneficiaries in deviation
from the PMUY guidelines in the following instances:
Release of PMUY connections against AHL TIN complete blank records in

SECC-2011 list
Audit matched the AHL TIN of the beneficiaries as per PMUY consumer database with AHL
TIN of the SECC-2011 database provided by NIC and observed that 9897 LPG connections
(IOCL: 9785 and HPCL: 112) were issued against AHL TINs where names of all family
members including the beneficiary’s name were completely blank in SECC-2011 list.
Identification of these beneficiaries in these cases was not possible due to imperfections in the
SECC-2011 data coupled with inadequate system checks leading to risk of issuing PMUY
connections to unintended beneficiaries.
OMCs replied (April 2019) that 3014 connections (IOCL: 2902, HPCL: 112) have been
blocked
and IOCL has terminated 383 connections on the basis of the audit observation.
MoPNG replied (July 2019) that the OMCs had been advised to terminate such connections
released against AHL TIN with blank records. Accordingly, IOCL terminated/blocked 4324
connections and HPCL has terminated all the 112 connections. Verification of remaining
connections in IOCL was stated to be in progress.
36
Release of PMUY connections against AHL TIN with partial blank records in
SECC-2011 list
On comparison of AHL TIN as per PMUY consumer database with AHL TIN as per SECC-
2011 database, audit observed that OMCs released 4.10 lakh connections (IOCL: 2.09 lakh,
BPCL: 1.21 lakh and HPCL: 0.80 lakh) against AHL TINs where entire details of family in
SECC- 2011 list were blank except that of one member. Due to this imperfection in SECC
database, identification of beneficiary was not possible which, therefore, carried the risk of
connections being issued to unintended persons. LPG software of OMCs did not have
validation controls to restrict or warn against issuance of connection in such cases.
OMCs replied (April 2019) that as a substantial number of households were getting deprived
of the scheme due to incomplete details in the SECC list, cases with partial details of
households were considered and a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) was devised (May
2017) by the Industry to take care of such cases. Accordingly, such households were considered
as eligible applicants under PMUY.
Audit observed that the SOP referred herein by OMCs expressly specified that in order to
establish identity, the applicant should provide Aadhaar details of at least two family members,
including head of the family or her husband, with one of the Proof of Identity (PoI) establishing
her relationship with the person whose complete details are available in SECC list. SOP further
suggested that distributor can enter KYC details and process for further de-duplication process
only after verification of such family details otherwise it was to be kept on “Hold KYC”
category.
However, this SOP does not address the above situation pointed out by Audit because in these
cases, only name of one member was available and that too without his/her parent details,
which was insufficient to establish beneficiary identity. Hence, besides necessary validation
controls in the system, an appropriate alternative system of identity verification should have
been devised by OMCs to avoid issuing connection to unintended persons.
37
MoPNG replied (May/July 2019) that the OMCs have been advised to obtain details of all adult
family members as per ration card and seed in KYC with at least one Aadhaar number (of
husband /adult family member).OMCs have been advised to carry out de-duplication afresh
based on the additional Aadhaar number collected. Accordingly, 0.54 lakh connections were
found ineligible and terminated by OMCs.
Issue of PMUY connections to male consumers
It was imperative upon the OMCs to design sufficient validation in the LPG software for
issuance of LPG connections only to females. On matching of AHL TIN in the PMUY
consumer database with those in the SECC-2011 database, audit observed that 1.88 lakh LPG
connections were issued by IOCL against AHL TINs of males.
This was further corroborated during field audit at LPG distributors where it was observed that
out of 285 KYCs verified, 20 connections were released to males by using AHL TIN of males.
In addition, 43 connections were issued to males by using the AHL TIN of females.
Thus, due to absence of input validation checks in the gender field of LPG software of IOCL
and lack of due diligence at field level, PMUY connections were released to males. These
validation checks were although in place in HPCL and BPCL, yet 26 cases were terminated by
HPCL being issued to males.
IOCL replied (April 2019) that the requisite system checks were introduced subsequently both
at IOC and NIC level to restrict release of connection against male AHL TIN.
MoPNG replied (May/July 2019) that the OMCs were advised to verify and take corrective
action. Accordingly, 0.41 lakh connections were terminated by IOCL being ineligible out of
1.78 lakh cases verified. Remaining cases were under verification.
38
Release of PMUY connections by using conjunctions urf/or/alias with the names of
consumers
Analysis of PMUY consumer database revealed that in 52271 cases (IOCL-34356, BPCL-
4701 and HPCL-13214), LPG distributors issued connections by linking names of persons with
names of beneficiaries appearing in SECC by using conjunctions URF / OR / ALIAS to project
that both the names pertain to the same consumer thereby impersonating identity of ineligible
persons as exemplified below:
a) “First Name as per KYC documents” URF “First Name as per SECC-2011” in the LPG
database:
b) “First Name as per KYC documents” OR “First Name as per SECC-2011” in the LPG
database:
c) “Name as per KYC documents” in the first name column, Alias in the middle name
column
and “Name as per SECC-2011” in the last name column:
Such inconsistencies were reviewed on test check basis at field audit of selected LPG
distributors which revealed that LPG connections were issued to ineligible beneficiaries.
action. Accordingly, after verification of 0.55 lakh cases, OMCs found 0.29 lakh
connections ineligible.
Issue of LPG connections to minors under PMUY
PMUY as well as LPG control order, 2000 stipulates that LPG connection can only be provided
to a consumer who is at least 18 years of age. However, audit noticed instances of LPG
connections issued to minor beneficiaries as discussed below:
39
LPG connections issued to Minors as per DOB mentioned in the Aadhaar card
On review of Aadhaar cards attached with 18558 KYC records of PMUY beneficiaries at 164
LPG distributors, audit observed that 255 LPG connections (1.37 per cent) were released to the
individuals who were minors as per DOB mentioned in their Aadhaar cards. These LPG
connections were issued by projecting a minor applicant as an adult by entering a wrong DOB
under the relevant field of the LPG database, in contravention of the LPG control order 2000.
HPCL also detected 1809 connections issued to minor beneficiaries by two distributors after
being pointed out by audit which indicates the possibility of existence of such cases in other
distributors also. Hence, there is a requirement of detailed verification of similar cases at all
LPG distributors of OMCs.
OMCs replied (April 2019) that cases of minor beneficiaries as pointed out during field audit
have either been terminated / under verification and action has been taken against erring
distributors.
action. Accordingly, OMCs have found 211 ineligible connections. Further, NIC has been
roped in to verify DOB in LPG data base vis-à-vis DOB as per Aadhaar data available with
UIDAI.
Issue of connections to minors due to absence of validation checks in the LPG

database (IOCL)
IOCL’s LPG software initially did not have any validation check on the Date of Birth. This
was put in place in February 2018. An analysis of PMUY consumer data provided by IOCL
revealed that the age of 0.80 lakh PMUY beneficiaries was less than 18 years on the date of
SV as per DOB of beneficiaries entered in the application software. In these cases, the KYC
checks were done before February 18 which resulted in issue of connections to minors.
MoPNG replied (May/July 2019) that the OMCs were advised to verify and take appropriate
action. Accordingly, after verification of 77631 connections, IOCL found 18137 ineligible
connections. Remaining cases were under verification.
40
Issuance of LPG connections to consumers being minors as per SECC-2011
A comparison of SV date of beneficiaries as entered in the PMUY database with that of DOB
of beneficiaries in SECC-2011 database revealed that in 8.59 lakh instances (IOCL: 3.60 lakh,
BPCL: 2.30 lakh and HPCL: 2.69 lakh), the age of PMUY beneficiaries on the date of issuance
of SV was less than 18 years.
OMCs replied (April 2019) that SECC data had inaccuracies in recording of DOB and to
accommodate such aberrations, FAQ issued by MoPNG provided that “The age as in Aadhaar
will be considered as correct one”. Accordingly, the OMCs had allowed registration even if
the age, as given in the SECC data, was not matching with the age captured in the Aadhaar
card and enabled system check to capture Date of Birth (as per Aadhaar) so as to ensure that
no connections are released to minors.
Such a large magnitude of discrepancies underlines the need for detailed verification of all such
cases by the OMCs.
action. Accordingly, after verification OMCs have found 1.72 lakh (IOCL: 0.90 lakh, BPCL:
0.38 lakh and HPCL: 0.44 lakh) connections ineligible. Remaining cases were pending for
verification.
Issue of PMUY connections on AHL TIN of persons whose age was more than 100 years as
on the date of issue of SV
Comparison of LPG database with SECC-2011 list revealed that DOB of 8465 PMUY
beneficiaries (IOCL: 4255 BPCL: 2328 and HPCL: 1882) was more than 100 years as per the
SECC-2011 data whereas age of these beneficiaries in the LPG database was as follows:
41
Table 3.1: No. of beneficiaries falling under different age ranges in the LPG database
Range of age (in years) No. of beneficiaries
0 to less than 18 (minor) 46
18 to 40 3500
41 to 80 3493
81 to 100 436
More than 100 990
Variation in the age between SECC data and LPG database raises concerns regarding
genuineness of these beneficiaries and misuse of the AHL TIN of these individuals for release
of connections to ineligible beneficiaries.
IOCL replied (April 2019) that they have terminated 245 such connections.
MoPNG replied (May/July 2019) that there is no upper age limit of eligible applicants.
However, the OMCs have been directed to verify and take appropriate action. Accordingly,
OMCs have found 1454 connections ineligible and 11 cases of IOCL were pending for
verification.
42
Mismatch in the names of beneficiaries between SECC-2011 database and PMUY
consumer database of OMCs
Audit compared the PMUY consumer database with the SECC-2011 list and observed that the
names of 12.46 lakh PMUY beneficiaries in the LPG database were different from those
entered in the SECC-2011 list (IOCL: 7.24 lakh, BPCL: 3.96 lakh and HPCL: 1.26 lakh).
Further, during field audit of 38 LPG distributors, test check revealed that out of 4348
beneficiaries, the names and family details of 784 PMUY beneficiaries (18 per cent) as per
their KYC records viz. ration card, Aadhaar card did not match with SECC detail which shows
that LPG connections were issued to unintended beneficiaries by manipulating and using AHL
TIN of eligible beneficiaries which was mainly due to absence of monitoring at the field level.
action in respect of reported cases of name mismatch. Accordingly, after verification, OMCs
have found 2.29 lakh connections ineligible.
De-duplication process before release of LPG connections under PMUY
The LPG Control Order, 2000 (as amended) permits single LPG cooking gas connection to a
household and restricts possession of more than one LPG connection by a household under the
public distribution system. To restrict issuance of multiple LPG connection to individual /
family, OMCs adopted the de-duplication process as detailed below:
❖ Internal de-duplication check within OMC based on Aadhaar number of applicant and of
family member and bank account of applicant with existing customer master data.
❖ Inter-company de-duplication check through web service interface using the above
method.
❖ Parallel de-duplication checks by NIC based on validation of AHL TIN with SECC data
(name and AHL TIN).
❖ De-duplication with customer master and KYC cleared and suspect cases for SECC
household on AHL TIN by NIC.
43
Issue of multiple connections under PMUY to the same individual or within the same family
Audit carried out de-duplication exercise on AHL TIN used for issue of connections and
observed that in 822 cases, the OMCs had released duplicate connections on the same AHL
TIN i.e. to the same person (on the basis of 29 digit AHL TIN) while in 11643 cases, duplicate
connections were issued to the same family (on the basis of 26 digit of AHL TIN) as depicted
below:
11643
8000
6000 (same
4000 person)
5277
2000
3703
0 2663
559 822
185 78
BPCL
action. Accordingly, OMCs have blocked/terminated all these cases.
44
Issue of PMUY connections on AHL TIN not available in the SECC- 2011 database
As per the methodology of de-duplication, KYC is to be rejected in case AHL TIN of the
applicant is not found in SECC-2011 list. A comparison of PMUY consumer database with
SECC-2011 database revealed that in 42187 cases (IOCL: 42145 and BPCL: 42), the AHL TIN
entered in LPG database was not available in the SECC-2011 database.
Test check of the above cases in the field audit at LPG distributors revealed that the concerned
distributors had entered incorrect AHL TIN of the beneficiary which was accepted by the LPG
software due to lack of input validation check. This also remained undetected in the de-
duplication process at the NIC level and carried the risk of releasing PMUY connections to
ineligible persons.
IOCL replied (April 2019) that the distributors have made a typographical error in punching of
a digit and thus due to inadequate system check initially the same has got enrolled. All such
connections have been centrally blocked for field verification / necessary corrective action.
BPCL replied (April 2019) that SECC data was amended from time to time as the data was
obtained from various resources. These AHL TIN were confirmed by NIC in 2016/2017 when
sent to NIC for de-duplication. For the purpose of reconfirmation of the beneficiary detail,
these 42 cases were being sent to field for verification of KYC documents submitted by
beneficiaries.
Replies may be viewed against the fact that inadequate system check on the part of OMCs and
NIC allowed the wrong AHL TIN to get enrolled and got through de-duplication process.
MoPNG replied (May/July 2019) that NIC has enabled system checks to ensure that valid AHL
TIN was enrolled. Further, IOCL found 41617 cases ineligible and 159 cases were pending for
verification.
45
Non-installation of connections after issue of SVs
Audit analysis of installation dates revealed that in 1.34 lakh cases (IOCL: 0.51 lakh, BPCL:
0.57 lakh and HPCL: 0.26 lakh), SVs were issued but connections were not installed. Further,
out of these cases, in 0.61 lakh cases (IOCL: 0.16 lakh, BPCL: 0.26 lakh and HPCL: 0.19 lakh)
connections were pending for installation for a period ranging from six to 30 months.
OMCs stated (April 2019) various reasons for non-installation of connections viz. non-
availability of customer contact, migratory rural population, beneficiary’s request for loan after
KYC seeding, unsafe kitchens, disruption in transportation of Cylinders due to transporters’
strikes. However, all SVs pending for installation beyond 30 days are followed up which has
resulted in reduction of pendency to 46425 (IOCL: 26302, BPCL: 2323, HPCL: 17800).
Reasons furnished by the OMCs do not seem justifiable in cases where delay in installation is
more than six months. Further, fact remains that despite effective monitoring put in place by
OMCs, there were still a number of connections pending for installation.
MoPNG, during Exit Conference, stated that the time frame for installation will be decided in
due course. It further replied (July 2019) that after verification of 48494 connections, OMCs
have terminated 15300 cases as either the beneficiaries were not traceable or found ineligible.
Remaining cases were pending for verification.
Delay in installation of PMUY connections
The OMCs’ Citizen Charter on Marketing of Petroleum Products stipulated that the registration
for new domestic LPG connection is to be done immediately and new connection is to be
installed within seven working days. In order to make the scheme effective, it is pertinent that
the installation of PMUY connections is done in a timely manner.
Audit analyzed the PMUY consumers’ data to examine the time taken for installation of PMUY
connections since the date of feeding of KYC details in the system. It was observed that
installations were done with a considerable delay as detailed below:
46
Table: Time analysis of installation as on December 2018 (in lakh)
Time taken from KYC to installation (No. of No. of connections Total
days) IOCL BPCL HPCL
0-7 33.27 27.29 12.10 72.66
8-30 62.79 29.44 35.82 128.05
31-60 30.78 13.25 19.90 63.93
61-90 14.89 7.91 9.99 32.79
91-180 24.38 11.34 14.12 49.84
181-365 12.48 7.19 6.59 26.26
more than 365 days 1.82 1.09 1.44 4.35
Total 180.41 97.51 99.96 377.88
Audit observed that only 19.23 per cent of the total PMUY connections were installed within
the stipulated time frame.
OMCs cited (April 2019) various reasons for delay in installation like difficulties in locating
customer due to absence of customer contact number, migrating rural population, beneficiary’s
request for loan after KYC seeding, non-availability of safe conditions for LPG installation like
cooking platform, time taken for imparting training to manpower for installation and disruption
in transportation of Cylinders / Regulators / Hot Plates due to transporters’ strikes, flood.
47
OMCs’ reply may be viewed against the fact that non-availability of customer contact and
difficulties faced by distributors in customer identification raises the concerns whether pre-
installation inspection was conducted at consumers’ premises before SV generation. Reply is
also silent on the steps taken by the Management to address the issue of delay in installation.
MoPNG replied (May 2019) that OMCs have put in place a detailed SOP and effective
monitoring mechanism to ensure timely installation of connections.
Linked Bank Account not pertaining to PMUY beneficiary
PAHAL (DBTL) scheme launched (2013) by GoI envisaged curbing pilferage and diversion
of domestic LPG through distribution system of OMCs by effecting cash transfer of subsidy
directly into the bank account of the eligible beneficiaries. The Scheme envisaged payment of
market price for the domestic cylinders by LPG consumers and the transfer of subsidy amount
directly to consumer’s bank account. However, during test check of KYC records at sample
164 LPG distributors, 100 instances were noticed where bank account of others were linked
with PMUY beneficiaries which led to transfer of her subsidy in the bank accounts of others
thereby depriving the genuine beneficiaries of their subsidy.
OMCs replied (April 2019) that in all such cases where wrong bank details were found, the
system had a provision for correction which could be carried out by the distributor.
MoPNG added (May/July 2019) that bank account and name of beneficiary were sent to NPCI
for verification with respective banks and de-duplication. OMCs have been advised to identify
joint accounts linked to PMUY beneficiaries and submit report by 30 June 2019. Further, BPCL
and HPCL have verified 64 cases and found 11 connections ineligible. Verification of the
remaining cases was pending.
Replies are to be viewed against the fact that as the bank accounts not pertaining to beneficiaries
got cleared from NPCI and respective banks, it indicates inadequacies in existing account
verification.
48
Delay in verification of blocked/inactive PMUY connections
Analysis of PMUY consumer database revealed that 2.77 lakh suspect PMUY connections
(IOCL: 1.34 lakh, BPCL: 1.12 lakh and HPCL: 0.31 lakh) have been blocked or made inactive
by the OMCs. As the PMUY beneficiaries belong to BPL category and are new users of LPG,
blocking the LPG connections and keeping them pending for verification for a long time will
come in the way of transition of beneficiaries from unclean fuel to clean fuel. Audit further
noticed that out of 2.77 lakh blocked connections, 2.31 lakh (IOCL: 1.06 lakh, BPCL: 1.03
lakh and HPCL: 0.22 lakh) were pending for verification for a period of more than nine months
(considered from the date of last refill as blocking date was not available) which is not justified.
OMCs (April 2019) replied that verification of blocked/inactive PMUY connections would be
expedited.
MoPNG replied (May/July 2019) that OMCs have verified 3.85 lakh blocked connections and
terminated 1.15 lakh (IOCL: 74,000; BPCL: 31,048 and HPCL: 10,178) connections being
ineligible and found 1.59 lakh eligible connections which have been activated. Remaining
cases were pending for verification.
Lack of information among beneficiaries about their own AHL TIN
Under the scheme, a woman of BPL household has to apply for new LPG connection by
submitting the prescribed KYC application form. LPG field officials are to match the KYC
details against SECC-2011 list. However, audit observed that AHL TINs of beneficiaries were
identified by the LPG distributors in the SECC list and the beneficiaries were not aware about
their own AHL TIN. This is fraught with the risk of misuse of AHL TIN of genuine
beneficiaries without their knowledge for releasing connections to unintended beneficiaries.
OMCs replied (April 2019) that SECC list is displayed in Melas / Camps organized in villages
which are visited by the potential eligible beneficiaries. SECC list was also provided to village
administrative officials, district level officials for sharing with the public. Therefore, reliance
only on the distributor for identifying their names in SECC data was not much of a challenge
to the applicants.
49
MoPNG, during Exit Conference, stated (May 2019) that the issue has been taken up with
MoRD as there are other social schemes also which are based on SECC.
Third Party Audit of the Scheme
PMUY guidelines stipulated that the Government may undertake third party audit of the
scheme. However, no such audit has been carried out by the Government till date which
assumes importance in view of audit observations discussed above.
MoPNG noted (May/July 2019) the audit observation and informed that the process to carry
out Third Party Audit of the Scheme has been initiated.
Need for LPG Cylinder
50
51
Scope of Improvement in Future
All the women under a survey who were availing this Yojna wanted the subsidies to be given
again. This clearly showed that subsidies played a very important part in the lives of the rural
households to take full benefit of the yojana and smoothly function their lives. Not getting
subsidies has impacted their lives in a very negative way but has also forced them to stop using
cylinders especially in the pandemic. As studied by us, people on a large scale demand for
subsidies and reduction in the price of LPG cylinders. Although, it was mentioned in the news
that the next leg of the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) is going to focus on
affordability of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG or cooking gas) refills but no work in this regard
has been done yet. Some of them even said providing employment to the poor and increasing
their daily wages should be considered so that they can afford these cylinders. Control on
inflation was also emphasised. (Josey, A., Sreenivas, A., & Dabadge,
A. (2019). Beyond Ujjwala: Ideas to enhance LPG use sustainably.)
Forward-looking suggestions
• As recommended by the Standing committee on Petroleum and Natural Gas, our study
would also like to suggest that the government must include poor families residing in
urban/semi-urban areas within the ambit of the PMUY scheme.
• As seen in the survey conducted by us as well in other reports, major problems faced by
the beneficiaries is the cost of LPG cylinders and no subsidies. So, provision of subsidies
and reduction in cost is also suggested.
• Another major issue is that of awareness and hence various means like, rallies campaigns,
nukkad nataks, workshops, seminars, webinars, pamphlets, poster, etc. should be
promoted at local and national level. school and College students can also be chosen for
this creation of awareness.
52
• Proper and detailed information in local language at the centre should be available so that
people can easily avail this Yojna as most of them are illiterate.
• In the above research paper, we noticed how people were facing problems with receiving
the refill cylinders. The number of dealers should be increased to fill the “white spaces”.
Providing home delivery options should be a major concern of the government. This might
help with LPG provision and along with that, unemployment too.
• Alternate LPG booking methods too, need to be introduced. A lot of people can find the
procedure to be cumbersome and thus, might simply retract from using the scheme.
Various options should be made available to the people to choose from.
• The government can even advise LPG dealers to establish additional warehouses near the
locations of PMUY beneficiaries. This might actually make the entire process easier and
help in better networking.
• Another less talked about issue was that women were given LPG cylinders under the
Yojna but they were not well aware as to how to take safety precautions, approximately
when to order a refill, and how to check if the LPG cylinder is leaking or not. To deal with
the problem, proper literacy should be provided to each woman to take proper safety
measures while using these cylinders to avoid any mishap. Some programs have been
conducted but they need to gain a bigger ground.
• It is recommended that a better picture of the real situation can be presented if the
government will use the data from the consumers’ side instead of the demand side so that
the problems faced and the provisions available to the rural households are directly made
available without any discrepancy.
• Some program/policy for better ventilation in the kitchen should also be made as most of
the rural households had poorly ventilated kitchens. This is important as despite using
LPG cylinders, there is a possibility of mishaps and health issues due to inhaling of
pollutants from the cooking food.
53
• Most of the people are not able to afford the fuel as they are either not having employment
or have a lesser pay, hence, the government is also suggested to work more enthusiastically
on all the employment policies for providing better employment opportunities, particularly
targeting rural people, so that they can afford cleaner fuel.
• The paper also recommends linking LPG with the Public Distribution System to increase
its reach to rural areas with ease. This would be highly beneficial. Since PDS already has
a well developed network in our country, especially in rural areas, including LPG
cylinders within its ambit can be quite poignant.
• Promoting the use of modern technology for more accuracy in data collection and
distribution of cylinders to avoid black marketing, commercialisation or concentration of
LPG cylinders by local authorities for their own use (like pradhan of villages).
54
Chapter 5
Findings & Conclusion
Findings
• Since its inception in 2016, PMUY has led to a substantial rise in the number of
households having access to clean cooking fuel. Millions of Below Poverty Line (BPL)
families have been provided with LPG connections, thereby reducing their dependence
on traditional and polluting cooking fuels like wood, coal, and cow dung.
• The scheme has contributed positively to public health and environmental

sustainability. By replacing traditional cooking methods with LPG, PMUY has reduced
indoor air pollution, which is a leading cause of respiratory illnesses, especially among
women and children in rural areas. This transition has also mitigated deforestation and
reduced harmful emissions, aligning with India's commitments to combat climate
change.
• PMUY has played a crucial role in empowering women, particularly in rural

households. Access to clean cooking fuel has not only improved their health by
reducing exposure to harmful smoke but has also liberated them from the arduous task
of collecting firewood, allowing them to utilize their time for productive activities such
as education, employment, and skill development.
• The scheme has generated economic benefits at both individual and societal levels. By
subsidizing the initial cost of LPG connections and providing easy installment schemes,
PMUY has made clean cooking fuel affordable for economically disadvantaged
households. This has led to savings in healthcare expenditures associated with
respiratory diseases and increased productivity due to improved health and time-saving.
55
• Despite its successes, PMUY faces certain challenges, including identification of
eligible beneficiaries, ensuring refills and sustained usage, and addressing safety
concerns associated with LPG usage in rural areas. There is a need for continued
monitoring, evaluation, and targeted interventions to overcome these challenges and
ensure the long-term success and sustainability of the scheme.
• PMUY has laid a strong foundation for expanding access to clean cooking fuel across
India. Going forward, there is a need to focus on deepening the reach of the scheme,
particularly in remote and underserved regions, while simultaneously promoting
awareness about the benefits of clean cooking and facilitating behavior change among
beneficiaries. Additionally, exploring renewable energy options such as biogas and
solar cooking could further enhance the sustainability and impact of PMUY in the years
to come.
Conclusion
With the analysis of several papers and conducting a survey in the village of Kalyanpuri,
the paper has been able to conclude that the impact of Ujjwala Yojna on women has been
a shade of grey. There have been positives as well as negatives. In some places, we have
found out that there has been complete alignment in the theory and practice. There have
been areas where the policy has been highly successful, for instance, it has promoted rural
India to change their fuel, even those who don't know about the Yojna had awareness
about LPG cylinders and the harmful effects that conventional fuels are causing. The
achievements of PMUY have been clearly enlisted in the paper. However, there have been
many areas where the theory and the practice were asymmetrical and where the impact of
PMUY was not as it was supposed to be. For instance, less gas in LPG cylinders,
affordability issues, people reverting back to older fuels, people's unawareness among
others have raised several questions on the real success of this policy. On top of it, the
pandemic had worsened the situation. All the problems were aggravated in the Covid-19
and women were forced to do a trade off with their health by choosing cleaner fuel or
spending money on their children's education, family health and other daily requirements.
56
Having noticed that there was a discrepancy between theory and practice, even
considering that if implemented more carefully, it could have had much better impact, the
paper has to acknowledge the accolades that this policy has earned. It has not only ensured
the well-being of women and prevented them from this smoky dungeon but also helped in
enhancing the status of the women by giving them recognition and improving their quality
of life.
Having a scope of improvement is always good for the progress of a nation and hence,
after doing this detailed analysis, the paper has even mentioned recommendations that
were thought to bring positive changes in the life of rural women. Paper ends with the
hope that all the loopholes in the Ujjwala Yojna will be catered to and filled as soon as
possible. If efforts are made precariously, rural women will be impacted in a much broader
way and hopefully there will be no discrepancy between theory and practice in promising
welfare of women.
57
References
• Swain SS, Mishra P. Determinants of adoption of cleaner cooking energy: Experience
of the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana in rural Odisha, India. Journal of Cleaner
Production. 2020;248:119223.
• PMUY: Home, n.d.
• Dabadge A, Sreenivas A, Josey A. What has the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
achieved so far. Econ Polit Wkly. 2018;53(20):69-75.
• (Socio Economic and Caste Census (SECC), n.d.
• PMUY : New Ujjwala 2.0 Connection, n.d
• Yadav. (PDF) Are We Really Out of Chulha Trap: A Case Study from a District of
Maharashtra | International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (IJHSR) -
Academia.Edu, n.d, 2020
• Chitra, et al. Knowledge of Rural Women Regarding Health Practice. Pdf, n.d., 2018.
• Mhamia A. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana: a giant step towards better life for all. Pib.
nic. In, 2016. Retrieved from http://pib. nic. in/newsite/printrelease. Aspx
• WHO Publishes New Global Data on the Use of Clean and Polluting Fuels for Cooking
by Fuel Type, n.d.
• Bhaskar, 2018.
• Mall R, Rani S. Women’s satisfaction with Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY).
Gen. 2020;16:14-55.
58
• (Preservation and the new data landscape - Columbia GSAPP, n.d.
• Nanda BC. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana as a Tool of Women Empowerment: An
Assessment. Mahila Pratishtha, 231.
• Sahoo MK, Patel P, Patel R. Grassroots Energy Security for India’s Poor and Women
Empowerment: An Assessment of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana. Governance
& Public Policy. 2018;8(2):18-27
• Mall R. Effect of education on adaptation & sustainability of Pradhanmantri Ujjawala
Yojana. Gen. 2019;5(06-58):166.
• Patnaik S, Tripathi S, Jain A. A roadmap for access to clean cooking energy in India.
Asian Journal of Public Affairs. 2018;11(1):e4.
• Step PMUYP. towards Social Inclusion in India.
• Mani S, Jain A, Tripathi S, Gould CF. The drivers of sustained use of liquified
petroleum gas in India. Nature energy. 2020;5(6):450-457.
• Sanghera. 2019 (Energy News India- Power News India, Energy, Oil and Gas News Is
under Construction, n.d.
• Das B. A Study of Socio-Economic Condition of the Women of Mandai Block with
special reference to Central Governments Developmental Schemes Implemented in
Tripura. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology ISSN,
1976;1671:4512.
59
• Energy News Monitor, XIV(46) | ORF, n.d.
• (Why Have Improved Cook-Stove Initiatives in India Failed? - ScienceDirect, n.d.
• Manjula M. How Gender-sensitive Are India’s Energy Policies? Economic & Political
Weekly. 2019;54(3):19.24. SECC 2011, n.d.
• Kaur-Sidhu M, Ravindra K, Mor S, John S, Aggarwal AN. Respiratory health status of
rural women exposed to liquefied petroleum gas and solid biomass fuel emissions. Air,
Soil and Water Research. 2019;12:1178622119874314.
• Josey A, Sreenivas A, Dabadge A. Beyond Ujjwala: Ideas to enhance LPG use
sustainably, 2019
• Khanwilkar S, Gould CF, DeFries R, Habib B, Urpelainen J. Firewood, forests, and
fringe populations: Exploring the inequitable socioeconomic dimensions of Liquified
Petroleum Gas (LPG) adoption in India. Energy research & social science.
2021;75:102012.
• Jain S, Gangal VK. Impact of LPG subsidy on socioeconomic upliftment: A study in
Uttar Pradesh, 2021.
60

Parth Tripathi Final

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Parth Tripathi Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

A Minor Project

Title: Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)

A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the

SUPERVISOR by: SUBMITTED BY:

SHIA PG. COLLEGE

It is certified that the work contained in Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana

Yojana (PMUY)" submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of Degree of

Bachelor of Commerce is a Bonafede record of work done by me under the

the award of any degree, diploma, or similar title of any University.

Signature of the Student

S.No Title Name Page No.

1 Chapter 1 Introduction 6-13

2 Chapter 2 Review Of Literature 14-17

3 Chapter 3 Research Methodology 18-27

4 Chapter 4 Data Analysis & Interpretation 28-54

5 Chapter 5 Findings, Suggestions & 55-57

In SECC-2011 census survey, Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) enumerated 24.49

Rural households Urban households

SC/ST Households SC/ST Households

Main source of household income through

Salient Features of the scheme

•All SC/STs household

•Beneficiaries of Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (Gramin), AAY

•Most backward Classes

•Tea and Extra Garden Tribes

•People residing in Island and rivers etc.

Women empowerment through PMUY scheme in Rajasthan: A study of rural households

Women’s satisfaction with pradhan mantri ujjwala

• More than half of the beneficiaries were illiterate.

• Beneficiaries’ response indicated that the majority of

them were satisfied with the availability of LPG refill.

Secondary data: Include content available on the internet

Moreover, women’s psychological well-being is likely to be affected by household chores. A

Supposed benefits to womenfolk

Relief from the curse of smoke

Creation of ancillary jobs

1. Persistent increase in LPG Coverage and accelerating LPG Connections: Launched in

Table 1: National Family Health Survey

State NFHS-4 NFHS-5

Kalyanpuri: Survey analysis

the new connections are issued only to the eligible beneficiaries.

Non-obtaining of Aadhaar Numbers of all adult family members from

in a dwelling unit having common kitchen);

is mandatory to furnish Aadhaar number”.

Release of PMUY connections on single Aadhaar

100 IOCL BPCL HPCL Total

Total active connections Connections issued on single Aadhar

Audit further observed the following:

Release of PMUY connections against AHL TIN complete blank records in

Issue of PMUY connections to male consumers

1.78 lakh cases verified. Remaining cases were under verification.

and “Name as per SECC-2011” in the last name column:

Issue of LPG connections to minors under PMUY

Issue of connections to minors due to absence of validation checks in the LPG

cases by the OMCs.

Range of age (in years) No. of beneficiaries

0 to less than 18 (minor) 46

More than 100 990

De-duplication process before release of LPG connections under PMUY

Delay in installation of PMUY connections

Time taken from KYC to installation (No. of No. of connections Total

days) IOCL BPCL HPCL

0-7 33.27 27.29 12.10 72.66