nf]suLtf

-uLtfbz{gdf cfwfl/t_
 k|sfzg ;+of]hs
e"kfndfgl;+x sfsL{ k|1fkl/ifb\
 ç

nf]suLtf

nf]sdfgl;+x sfsL{
 ;Dkfbs
;'gLtf l;+x sfsL{

;f}hGo

8f=cfWof>L sfsL{ yklnof

cfs[lt sfsL{ yfkf

cEo'bodfgl;+x sfsL{
 -e"kfndfgl;+x sfsL{ k|1fkl/ifb\af6
k|yd / låtLo -5fkf_ ;+:s/0f @)&* ;fndf k|sflzt_

k|sfzs
gO k|sfzg
kf]:6aS; M !!$$!, sf7df8fð -g]kfn_
6]lnkmf]g M $&&!$%%
Email : nai.com.np@gmail.com
website : nai.com.np
j]e ;+:s/0f M @)*! ;fn -;g\ @)@$_
© ;'/lIft, ;'gLtf l;+x sfsL{
 k|sfzsLo

g]kfnL jfª\dosf] >Lj[l4sf nflu @)%@ ;fn df3 !% ut] gO k|sfzgsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . o;
;+:yfn] @)%% ;fn j}zfv !& ut] ljlwjt\ ¿kdf ;/sf/L dfGotf kfPsf] lyof] . ;|i6fåo g/]G›/fh k|;fO{
/ OlGb/f k|;fO{sf] gfpFsf cufl8sf cIf/ hf]8]/ gO k|sfzggfds ;flxlTos, ;f+:s[lts / ;fdflhs
;+:yfsf] :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . of] ;+:yf g]kfnL jfª\dok|]dLx¿sf] ;f´f rf}tf/L xf] . of] ;+:yf …j;'w}j
s'6'Dasd\Úsf] cfbz{df cfa4 5 . o; ;+:yfn]] k/Dk/fut ;f+:s[lts d"No, dfGotf / wf/0ffnfO{ ;b}j
lz/f]k/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . b]zb]zfGt/sf k|ltefsf] ;Ddfg ug{' o; ;+:yfsf] csf]{ k|d'v p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL efiff;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt, ;dfh;]jf, 1fglj1fg, lrGtg, v]ns'bnufot cGo ljljw If]qsf
k|ltefsf] vf]hL / ltgLx¿sf] cr{gfdf gO k|sfzg cu|;/ 5 . o; ;+:yfaf6 lg/Gt/ k|fl1s dxŒjsf
ljleGg sfo{x¿sf cltl/St ljljw u|Gydfnfx¿sf] klg k|sfzg eO/x]sf] 5 .
gO k|sfzg g]kfnL d"No, dfGotf / ;+:s[ltnfO{ cª\uLsf/ ub}{ g]kfnL k|ltefsf l;h{gfTds
sf}znnfO{ ;'Gb/ Pj+ ;'?lrk"0f{ 9ª\un] k|:t't ug{;d]t cu|;/ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .
gO k|sfzgsf] of]ubfgnfO{ d"Nofª\sg u/]/ g]kfn ;/sf/ x'nfs ;]jf ljefun] gO k|sfzgsf]
nf]uf] cª\lst b; ?lkofFsf] b; nfvk|lt x'nfs l6s6 / g]kfn /fi6« a}ª\sn] b; xhf/k|lt l;Ssf
k|sfzgdf NofP/ xfd|f] ;du| sfo{sf] pRr sb/ ul/lbPsf]df xfdL yk k|f]T;flxt ePsf 5fð . g]kfn /fi6«
a}ª\saf6 g]kfnL ;flxlTos ;+:yfsf gfpFdf wft' -So'k|f]lgs]n_ sf] l;Ssf 6sd/L ePsf] of] g} klxnf]
cj;/ ePsfn] xfdLnfO{ c¿ uf}/j nfu]sf] 5 .
gO k|sfzg gfkmfljxLg u}//fhg}lts ;fdflhs ;+:yf xf] . o; ;+:yfsf] k|:tfjgfdf plNnlvt
p2]Zocg'¿k ljljw sfo{qmd / of]hgfd'tflas k|:t't s[lt k|sfzgdf cfPsf] xf] .
nf]sdfgl;+x sfsL{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;lrj, d'Vo ;lrj / clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg
cfof]usf k|d'v cfo'St eP . pgL clVtof/ k|d'v ePsf a]nf e|i6frf/sf lj?4 Pp6f 7"n} hfu/0f
cfPsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] /fhgLlt / k|zf;gsf] Oltxf;df To; k|sf/sf] sDkg To;cl3 slxn] klg
lyPg . pgLåf/f g} lnlvt …nf]suLtfÚ k7gLo / ;ªu|x0fLo clt pRr :t/Lo wfld{s u|Gy xf] .
nf]sdfgl;+x sfsL{nfO{ g]kfn /fi6«df h;/L Ps ;fx;L, lgeL{s / k'?iffyL{ k|zf;ssf ¿kdf
lrlgG5 To;/L g} g]kfnL ;dfhn] nf]sdfgl;+x sfsL{ eg]sf] k/f]ksf/L, wfld{s, ;+:sf/L / ;+:s[lt tyf
k/Dk/fsf cfbz{ kl/kfnssf ¿kdf lrGg] u5{ . …nf]suLtfÚ log} ljz]if0fnfO{ 7f]; ¿kdf k|dfl0ft ug]{
u|Gy ag]sf] 5 . cfh;Dd g]kfn /fi6«df …nf]suLtfÚh:tf] k'/ftg wd{;+:sf/sf] hudf :yflkt tyf
cfw'lgs ljrf/wf/fåf/f kl/eflift u|Gy s'g} klg pRr k|zf;såf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L
xfdLnfO{ 5}g . ef}lts ¿kn] zf/Ll/s cfsf/;Fu ;fb[Zo lj/f6\ u|Gysf lgdf{tf nf]sdfgl;+x sfsL{
g]kfnL ;flxTo, wd{, ;+:s[ltsf] Oltxf;df cIf'00f ¿kn] ufFl;Psf] JolStTj x''Fbf xfdLn] uf}/j u/]sf
5f}F . o:tf] uf}/jzfnL JolStåf/f n]lvPsf] …nf]suLtfÚh:tf] lj/f6\ / :t'To u|Gy k|sflzt ug{ kfpg'nfO{
gO k|sfzgn] clt uf}/jsf] cg'e"lt u/]sf] 5 .
…nf]suLtfÚ klxnf] / bf];|f] ;+:s/0f e"kfndfgl;+x sfsL{ k|1fkl/ifb\af6 k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . j]e
;+:s/0f k|sfzg ug{ gO k|sfzgnfO{ df}sf h'/]sf] 5 .
…nf]suLtfÚsf] j]e ;+:s/0f k|sflzt ug{ kfpg' gO k|sfzgsf nflu Pp6f csf]{ ljz]if uf}/jsf]
cj;/ ePsf] 5 .
• gO k|sfzg
 j+zLlje"lift s/fGgjgL/bfeft\
kLtfDa/fb?0f ljDakmnfw/f]i7ft\
k"0f]{Gb';'Gb/d'vfb/ljGbg]qft\
s[i0fft\k/+ lsdlk tŒjdx+ ghfg] ..
 u'?a|{≈df u'?lj{i0f'M u'?b]{jf] dx]Zj/M .
u'?M ;fIfft\ k/+a|≈d t:d} >L u'/j] gdM .
 ;dk{0f

d]/f] lz/, cfsfz, dfu{bz{s, k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t tyf d]/f] h}ljs / :y"n z/L/nfO{ ef}lts hut\df
cjtl/t ug]{ d]/f k"hgLo lktf /fh;ef :yfoL ;ldltsf ;efklt ;DdfggLo hg/n e"kfndfgl;+x
sfsL{, d]/L hGdbfqL dftf b'uf{b]jL sfsL{ / sd{bfqL dftf e"df sfsL{df d]/f] >4fk"0f{ xflb{s gdg
ck{0f ug{ rfxG5' . ;fy} d]/f] lkt[s'ntk{msf a8flhh'a'af a8fsKtfg x:tjL/l;+x sfsL{, lhh'a'af
sKtfg s]z/l;+x sfsL{ / lhh'd'jf eQms'df/L sfsL{ tyf dft[s'ntk{msf lhh'a'af nK6g z]/axfb'/
l;njfn / lhh'd'jf wd{s'df/L l;njfnnfO{ >4f;'dg ck{0f ug{ rfxG5' .
d]/f lktfsf] Odfgbf/, cg'zfl;t / ;]jfd'vL hLjgn] dnfO{ pxfFsf] cg'ofoL aGg ;b}j
k|f]T;flxt ul//xg] 5 . pxfFn] cfˆgf] hLjgsf] pQ/fw{sf] sl/a @) jif{ k"0f{ s[i0fdo eP/ JotLt
ug{'eof] . cTofjZos sd{ ubf{ klg df}lvs / zflAbs ¿kn] dfq s[i0fsf] gfd pRrf/0f ug]{ xf]Og,
pxfFsf] z/L/sf /f}F–/f}Fn] klg s[i0f g} af]NbYf] . clGtd ;dodf Ps dlxgf cr]tg l:yltdf hfg'cl3
;fd'Gg] /fv]sf] s[i0fsf] tl:a/sf] bz{g u/]/ pxfFn] g]q aGb ug{'ePsf] lyof] . cr]tg cj:yfdf klg Tof]
s[i0ftŒj pxfFsf] cGtZr]tgfaf6 Wjlgsf] ¿kdf Zjf;k|Zjf;dfkm{t u'lGh/x]sf] lyof] / pxfF k"0f{
s[i0fdo g} x'g'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFsf] oxL >Ls[i0fk|ltsf] elQm / k|]dsf] sf/0fn] g} of] nf]suLtf n]vfpg
pg} k/dfTdfn] dnfO{ xf};nf / cfzLjf{b k|bfg u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . t;y{ s[i0felQmdf 8'a]/ s[i0fd} nLg
x'g'ePsf d]/f lktfnfO{ d of] nf]suLtf ;dk{0f ug{ rfxG5' .
nf]suLtf–II
 gf} dlxgf sf]vdf /fv]/ 7'nf] si6 ;xg u/L dnfO{ o; ;+;f/;Fu kl/lrt u/fpFb} wtL{df
cjt/0f u/fpg] d]/L hGdbfqL d cf7 jif{sf] x'Fbf of] wtL{af6 z/L/¿kL cfj/0f Tofu]/ slxNo} gkmls{g]
u/L labf x'g'eof] . cToGt} 5f]6f] hLjgsfndf klg ;a}nfO{ s?0ff / k|]d a;f{pFb} ;a}df ;defj /fVg]
ddtfdoL dftf d]/L hggLn] of] ef}lts rf]nf Tofu]/ Tof] cd[ttŒj k|fKt u/]sf] x'g'k5{, lsgeg]
kfl/jfl/s ;b:ox¿sf ;fy} pxfF;Fu Ps k6s dfq ;fIffTsf/ x'g]n] klg pxfFsf] b]jLt'No Jojxf/ tyf
u'0fsf] j0f{g / k|z+;f u/]/ yfSb}gg\ . o:tL s?0ffdoL dftfsf] :d[lt d]/f] dfg;k6ndf gx'g' / pxfFsf]
;]jf ug{af6 jl~rt x'g' d]/f] hLjgsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] b'ef{Uo ePsf] d}n] dx;'; u/]sf] 5' . of]
Unflgaf]wn] hLjge/ dnfO{ kL8fsf] cg'ej u/fO/x]sf] 5 . dnfO{ nfUb5, dnfO{ hGd lbg] k|of]hgn] g}
pxfFn] hGd lnPsf] x'g'k5{ . pxfFsf] ;flGgWo / Gofgf] sfvaf6 jl~rt d]/f] j]bgfo'Qm Åboaf6 of]
nf]suLtf pxfFnfO{ ;dlk{t ug{ rfxG5' .
d]/f] hLjgqmddf cfPsf cf/f]x tyf cj/f]xx¿df dnfO{ ;fy lbP/ dft[Tjn] cf]tk|f]t ug]{ d]/L
ddtfdoL sd{bfqL dftfnfO{ klg d of] nf]suLtf ;dlk{t ug{ rfxG5' .
xfdL rf/ 5f]/fx¿ eP klg hLjgsfnel/ / clGtd If0f;Dd klg d]/f lktf / sd{bfqL dftfsf]
Gofgf] ;flGgWodf pxfFx¿sf] cfzLjf{b¿kL ;fy kfPsf]df d cfkm"eGbf 7'nf] ;f}efUozfnL c¿ sf]xL x'g}
g;Sg] dfGb5' .

nf]suLtf–III
 ç
d]/f] eGg'
;j{k|yd d >Ls[i0f eujfg\sf] kfjg r/0fdf af/Daf/ lz/
em'sfP/ elQm¿kL k'ik clk{t ub}{ cfˆgf] cxª\sf/¿kL sNdif lj;lh{t
ug{ rfxG5' . tTkZrft\ eujfg\ cf]zf]sf] jGbgf ub}{ ;dk{0f / s[t1tfsf]
g}j]B ck{0f ug{ rfxG5' .
xfdL ;a}leq eujfg\ 5 / xfdL eujfg\s} Ps ¿k xf}“ t/ xfdL
clwsf+z ;do lg›f / a]xf];Ld} x'G5f}“ . oxL d"R5f{ cj:yfd} xfdL vfg],
lxF8\g], af]Ng] h:tf s[Tox¿ ul//x]sf x'G5f}“ h;n] ubf{ cfˆgf] eujfg\ x'g]
;Defjgfsf] af]w xfdLdf x'Fb}g . xfdL eujfg\ g} xf}“ / xfd|f] hGd cfkm"leq
/x]sf] k/dfTdf–tŒj hfGgsf nflu ePsf] xf] eGg] ;Toaf6 xfdL cgle1
5f}“ . h'g lbg x/]s s[To xf];df / hfu/0fdf eP/ JolQmn] cfˆgf] cl:tTj a'‰b5, ToxL If0f p;nfO{
cfkm" eujfg\ ePsf] 1ft x'G5, cyf{t\ p;df g} eujfg\ k|s6 x'G5 . a'4, dxfjL/, lh;;, cf]zf] o:t}
hfu/0fdf /x]sf] tŒj1fgL ePsf] x'Fbf pxfFx¿ eujfg\ g} x'g'x'G5 .
of] nf]suLtf¿kL u|Gy, of] cd"No /Tg d}n] s;/L lnlka4 u/]/ k':tssf] ¿kdf k|sflzt ug]{
hdsf]{ u/]“, Tof] d oxfFx¿;fd' k|s6 ug{ rfxG5' . ;j{k|yd t d cfkm}F cfZro{rlst 5' lsgeg] d
h:tf] ;flxTosf] sv/f dfq hfGg] / Ps} 7fpFdf nfdf] cjlw a;]/ n]Vg] w}o{ gePsf] JolQmn] lbgsf]
sl/a !% 306f k|jrg >j0f ub}{ >j0fs} e/df gbf]xf]¥ofO{ sl/a b'O{ jif{ nufP/ Psfu|tfsf ;fy
s;/L oqf] cd"No lglw lnlka4 ug{ ;dy{ eP“, of] cfkm}Fdf /x:odo 5 . d}n] snd rnfP“ eGg' d]/f]
w[i6tf dfq xf] lsgeg] k/d k/dfTdf >Ls[i0f :jod\ d]/f] snddf a;]/ gn]vfPsf] eP nf]suLtfsf] t
s'/} gu¿“ b'O{ cIf/ n]Vg klg d ;dy{ x'g] lyOg“ . oqf] s[kf ug'{sf k5fl8 dfgjLo a'l4n] cuDo
pxfFs} OR5f lglxt x'g'k5{ . hLjgdf 3l6t x'g] c;n–v/fa ;a} 36gfx¿ k/ds} s?0ff / s[kfdf
lge{/ x'G5 .
ljut !% jif{b]lv d eujfg\ cf]zf]sf k|jrgx¿sf] lgoldt >f]tf x'F . t/ rf/ jif{cl3 ha d}n]
pxfFsf] uLtf bz{g ;'g]“, To;kl5 c¿ k|jrg 5f]8]/ s]jn uLtfbz{g dfq >j0f ul//x]sf] 5' .
uLtfbz{g ;'Gg'cl3 d}n] uLtfsf] s'g} cWoog u/]sf] lyOg“ . o;} qmddf af]lw;Œj :jfdL cfgGb
c?0f;Fu d]/f] e]6sf] ;+of]u h'¥of] / d}n] pxfFaf6 bLIff klg lnPF . t/ klg cfhsf lbg;Dd d cf]zf]sf]
s'g} ;+3;+:yfdf cfa4 5}g“ / pxfF;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} lzlj/ jf ultljlwdf klg d]/f] s'g} ;+nUgtf tyf
;xeflutf 5}g . t/ klg d cf]zf]d} 5' / d]/f] g;f–g;fdf pxfF g} x'g'x'G5 . of] rf/ jif{sf] cjlwdf
d}n] w]/} k6s uLtfbz{g >j0f u/]“ / x/]s k6s >j0f ubf{ klxnf] k6s >j0f u/] h:tf] cg'ej ug'{sf
;fy} o;df gofF cy{ kfPsf] 5' .
uLtfnfO{ k|f0fdf g} cfTd;ft\ ug{ d s]xL xb;Dd ;kmn ePsf] h:tf] nfU5 . uLtfnfO{ ;xL
cy{df a'em]/ cfTd;ft\ ug{ ;lsof] eg] hLjgsf] k/d nIo k|fKt ug{ cGo s'g} dfWodsf] cfjZostf
g} 5}g . >Ls[i0fn] lbg'ePsf] of] cd"No ;"qnfO{ hLjg¿kL ;To agfpg ;s] cGo s'g} u|Gy, dfu{ /
ljlw cjnDag ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf 5}g eGg] dx;'; u/]/ d o;}df 8'Ab} uP“ / hlt 8'a],“ plt
efjgfTds ¿kdf cf]zf]sf] uLtfbz{gdf hf]l8“b} uP““ . t/ k':tssf] ¿kdf nf]suLtfsf] hGd x'G5 eGg]
;f]r]sf] klg lyOg“ . hlt d uLtfbz{g;Fu hf]l8“b} uP“, plt ddf cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt x'g ;'? eof] . d]/f]
:j;f]rfOsf] b'v–ljiffb qmdzM cfgGbdf ¿kfGt/0f x'Fb} uof] / d o;}df /dfpg yfn]“ .

nf]suLtf–IV
 x'g klg cf]zf]n] eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf] d'vf/ljGbaf6 k|:km'l/t jf0fLsf] zAbzAbsf] JofVof dfq
xf]Og, o;sf] cfTdfnfO{ g} lgrf]/]/ k|:t't ug{'ePsf] 5 . To;f] t uLtfsf c;ª\Vo 6Lsf / JofVof
pknAw 5g\, t/ o;sf] cGo s'g};“u t'ngf g} 5}g . s;}n] s]jn ;+:s[tsf] g]kfnL ¿kfGt/0f dfq
u/]sf 5g\ eg] s;}n] wfld{s b[li6sf]0fn] dfq dfGotf / cGwljZjf;sf cfwf/df uLtfsf] JofVof u/]sf
5g\ . ;xL cy{df dfgl;s, tfls{s, bfz{lgs, j}1flgs, a'l4ut, wfld{s / cGttM cfWoflTdstfdf
k'¥ofpg ;Sg] / cfˆgf] :jefjnfO{ lrgfpg ;Sg] dfu{ d}n] s]jn of] cf]zf]sf] uLtfbz{gdf dfq kfPF .
To;kl5 d]/f nflu cGo s'/f gu0o x'g yfn] . d]/f] efj cfsng u/]/ x'g'k5{, d]/L cwf{ª\lugL ;'lgtf
sfsL{ / 5f]/L 8f= cfWof>Ln] h'g uLtfbz{g >j0f u/]/ d olt cfTdljef]/ ePsf] 5', To;af6 pgLx¿
/ pgLx¿h:tf c¿nfO{ klg ;'ud x'g] / a'‰g ;Sg] u/L ;/n efiffdf lnlka4 u/L ;a}nfO{ nfeflGjt
u/fpg u/]sf] cg'/f]w g} d]/f nflu of] n]vgsfo{sf] klxnf] sf/0f x'g k'Uof] .
cf]zf]n] uLtfbz{gdf sl/a b'O{ ;o aL; z[Înfsf] k|jrg lbg'ePsf] 5 / x/]s z[Înf 8]9 b]lv
b'O{ 306fsf] 5g\, h;nfO{ ;'Gg Go"gtd klg Ps jif{ nfUg ;S5 . Jo:t ef}lts hut\df ;a}nfO{ of]
;'Gg ;Dej gx'g klg ;S5 . Ps} k6sdf o:tf] dlxdfo'Qm k|jrg ;'g]/ a'‰g sl7g dfq xf]Og,
c;Dejk|foM g} x'G5 . o;nfO{ ;/nLs/0f u/]/ ;a}n] a'‰g] g]kfnL efiffdf ¿kfGt/0f u/L k|sflzt
u/]df ;a} ju{ nfeflGjt x'g ;Sg] b]v“,] h'g of] k':ts n]Vg] csf]{ sf/0f aGg k'Uof] . cfh kms]{/ x]bf{
lbgsf] !% 306f s]jn ;'g]sf] e/df b'O{ jif{ nufP/ h'g nf]suLtfsf] hGd eof], To;sf] ;f/f >]o d
eujfg\ cf]zf]nfO{ lbg rfxG5' . nf]suLtf s]jn pxfFs} uLtfbz{gdf cfwfl/t 5 . >j0fsf] klg 7'nf]
dlxdf /x]5, To;}n] uLtfdf klg >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ h'g dg'ion] >4fo'Qm / bf]ifb[li6/lxt eP/
cxf]efjk"j{s ;Tosf] ceLK;fn] uLtfsf] >j0f dfq ug]{ 5, pm klg kfkaf6 d'Qm eP/ k'0o sd{ ug]{
JolQmx¿sf] >]i7 nf]snfO{ k|fKt ug]{ 5 eGg'ePsf] 5 . >j0f ubf{ klg >4fo'Qm / bf]ifb[li6/lxt x'g'
clgjfo{ l:ylt x'g\ .
dleq w]/} cl3b]lv g} hLjgsf af/]df hfGg] Pp6f pTs07f / lh1f;f lyof] . ;fob dleq /x]sf]
vf]hsf] ceLK;fn] d ;fw';Gtk|lt cfslif{t lyP“ . o;sf nflu d lgs} e6\lsP“ . d]/f] lh1f;fn] dnfO{
k/dx+; :jfdL of]ufgGbsf] lbzfdf cl3 a9fof] . To;af6 cfGtl/s zflGt t kfP“ t/ leqaf6 ;w}“ s]xL
ct[Kt g} dx;'; ul//x]“ . w]/} u'?sf] vf]hL ubf{ub}{ d Zofd r}tGo afafk|lt cfslif{t eP“ . pxfFsf] bz{g
ug{ d lbgx'F k'Uby]“ . Ps lbg klg s'g} sf/0fjz pxfFsf ;fd' pkl:yt x'g g;s] t'?Gt} pxfFn]
cfk"msxfF cWoog/t ljBfyL{nfO{ a'‰g k7fpg'x'GYof] . Psk6s d ;+f;fl/s b'vdf clNemPsf] lyPF /
pxfFsf] bz{g ug{ hfg ;lsgF . pxfFn] tLg lbg nufnu dnfO{ af]nfpg ljBfyL{ k7fpg'eof] . b'vdfly
xfaL x'g / ;a} kL8f lal;{gsf nflu d dlb/fsf] ;xf/f lnPsf] cj:yfdf lyPF . pxfFnfO{ dlb/f cflb
dfbs kbfy{;Fu 3[0ff lyof] / o;sf] ;]jg u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ leq k:g t s] aflx/} cfP klg ufnL u/]/
k7fpg'x'GYof] . To;}n] tLg lbg;Dd t d af]nfpFbf klg uOgF t/ rf}yf] lbg klg ljBfyL{ af]nfpg
cfPkl5 pxfFsf] bz{g ug{ uPF . pxfF l/;fpg'x'G5 eg]/ d leq kl;gF t/ pxfFn] dnfO{ leq sf]7fdf
af]nfP/ cfzLjf{b¿kL xft d]/f] lz/df /fVb} …xfyL rn] ahf/ s'Qf ef}+s] xhf/Ú eGg'eof] . Tof] pmhf{¿kL
cfzLjf{bn] dnfO{ cem alnof] eP/ cfˆgf] sd{ ug]{ k|]/0ff k|fKt eof] . s;}sf] 3/df klg ghfg]
pxfFh:tf] ;GGof;L klg xfd|f] 3/df cfP/ xfdLnfO{ s[tfy{ u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfF cfˆgf] OR5fg';f/
cfkm"n] tf]s]sf] ;dodf k|f0f TofUg ;Sg] a|Xd1fgL x'g'x'GYof] . pxfF clGtd ;dodf agf/;df sl/a b'O{
dlxgf a:g'ePsf] lyof] . d}n] klg s]xL ;do agf/;df pxfFsf] ;flGgWodf latfpg kfPsf] lyPF t/
clGtd cj:yfdf eg] bz{g ug]{ ;f}efUo kfOgF . Tof] ;dodf pxfFn] g} dnfO{ kz'kltdf l;4 r'gr'g 5
eGg'ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5 d}n] r'gr'g afafsf] ;flGgWodf klg s]xL ;do latfpg] ;f}efUo kfPF .
pxfFsf] jl/kl/ e':ofxf s's'/x¿ -h;nfO{ pxfF e}/j eg]/ ;Daf]wg ug{'x'GYof]_, ;fª\nf, d';f, sL/f, ;k{,
laR5L / km6\ofª\u|fx¿ 3'ld/xGy] . ;a}nfO{ pxfF s]xL g s]xL ef]hg /flvlbg'x'GYof] / tL ;a}df
k/dfTdfsf] ¿k b]Vg'x'GYof] . o:tf] ;j{q k/dfTdf b]Vg] k'?if :jod\ k/dfTdf g} x'G5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f
nf]suLtf–V
eGg'x'G5 . pxfF jf:tjdf k/dfTdf g} x'g'x'GYof] . pxfF kz'kIfLnfO{ dfq xf]Og, lbgx“' cfkm}Fn] /f]6L agfP/
dnfO{ klg k7fpg'x'GYof] . pxfFsf] dk|lt ljz]if cg'u|x lyof] .
Ps lbg d g]kfnaflx/ hfFb} 5' eg]/ pxfFnfO{ laGtL u/]“ . pxfFn] dnfO{ ghfg eGg'eof] . d}n]
hfg}kg]{ sf/0f atfPkl5 pxfFn] dnfO{ Pp6f ;fgf] l;Gsf lbP/ Tof] ;Xdfn]/ /fv kms]{kl5 dnfO{ lkmtf{
u/ eGg'eof] . af6fdf xfdL r9]sf] xjfO{hxfh lau|]/ xfdL uGtJo;Dd k'Ug ;s]gf}“ . hxfhn] cfsl:ds
cjt/0f ug'{k¥of] . kl5 yfxf eof] hxfhsf rf/j6} OlGhg lalu|Psf /x]5g\ / xfdL afnafn aRof}F .
To; a]nf d}n] aNn pxfFn] d]/f] ;'/Iffy{ Tof] l;Gsf lbg'ePsf] a'em“] . pxfF slxNo} s;}sf] 3/ hfg'x'GgYof]
t/ crDd pxfF xfdLsxfF w]/} k6s cfpg'eof] . clGtd k6s xfdLsxfF cfpFbf ltdLnfO{ s] rflxG5 dfu
eGg'eof] . d}n] s]xL eGg ;lsg“ . csf]{ k6s klg ;f]Wg'eof] t/ d]/f] d"v{tf d}n] o:tf] cd"No df}sf
u'dfP“ . pxfF clGtd ;dodf SofG;/ /f]uaf6 kLl8t x'g'x'GYof] / af]Ng ;Sg'x'GgYof] t/ n]v]/ I'm not
sick my body is sick eGg'x'GYof] . To:tf] If/–cIf/sf] k[ystf tŒj1fgLn] dfq hfGg ;S5 t/
;f+;fl/s / ef}lts pknlAwsf] cfsfª\Iffn] ubf{ To; ;do d}n] pxfFx¿h:tf] a|Xd1fgLnfO{ lrGg ;lsg“
. ;fob oxL ;f+;fl/s / ef}lts pknlAwsf] cfsfª\Iff g} d]/f] dfu{df afws ag]/ plePsf] lyof] .
cfh cfP/ dnfO{ nfUb5, d}n] pxfFx¿sf] oqf] ;flGgWonfO{ d'lQmsf] pknlAw agfpg ;lsgF t/
;fob pxfFx¿sf] ;flGgWo / cfzLjf{bsf] sf/0fn] g} dnfO{ h:tf];'s} kl/l:yltdf klg cl8u eO{ sd{
ug{ tyf uLtf n]Vg] k|]/0ff ldn]sf] x'gk5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 ha sf]xL /fd|f] sfdsf nflu plåUg x'G5,
ta jl/kl/ /fd|f cfTdfx¿n] To; sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5g\ . o;/L g} vKt8 afaf;“u klg pxfFsf]
k|foM clGtd cj:yfeGbf cl3 b'O{k6s bz{g ug]{ ;f}efUo kfPF . pxfFn] d;“u æd t hfFb} 5' lg ÛÆ eGg]
jfSo clGtd jftf{df eGg'ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] s]xL lbgkl5 l/8Ldf pxfFn] dxfkl/lgjf{0f k|fKt
ug'{ePsf] s'/f Zofd r}tGo afafn] dnfO{ atfpg'eof] .
o;/L g} d kfOn6 afaf;“u klg hf]l8PF . pxfF klg cnf}lss ;Gt x'g'x'G5 . pxfFaf6 d}n] k'qjt\
dfof / ;xf/f kfP“ t/ klg leq cw'/f] g} dx;'; ul//x]“ . To:t} d :jfdL sdngogfrfo{;Fu klg
hf]l8PF . d :jfdL cfgGb c?0f;Fu klg cf]zf]sf] sf/0fn] g} hf]l8PF / pxfFsf] :g]x / cfzLjf{b k|fKt
ul/x]sf] 5' . t/ ha cf]zf]sf] dw'/ jf0fLdf uLtfbz{g, ci6fjqm dxfuLtf, wDdkb, lzj;"q,
dxfjL/jf0fL, slj/sf] cy{k"0f{ jrgx¿, gfgssf] Ps çsf/ ;tgfd, dL/fsf] elQmufyf, gf/bsf] elQm
;"q tyf pklgifb\nufotsf k|jrgx¿ ;'Gg yfn]“ clg d /f]lsP“ / nfUof] oxL d]/f] uGtJo xf] .
…nf]suLtfÚ uLtfbz{g >j0f u/]/ >j0fs} e/df lnlka4 u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] u|Gy xf] . d}n] cf]zf]sf
k|jrgx¿ >j0f ug]{afx]s pxfFsf] s'g} k':ts cWoog u/]sf] 5}g . uLtfbz{gsf ;q efu k':ts
lxGbLdf k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ eGg] s'/f :jfdL cfgGb c?0faf6 xfn} dfq yfxf kfPF cGoyf dnfO{
o;;DaGwL s'g} hfgsf/L lyPg .
;gftg lxGb" wdf{jnDaLn] uLtfnfO{ 9f]u]/ k"hf3/df /fVb5g\ . o;nfO{ ;+:sf/af6 clek|]l/t
eO{ 9f]Ug' / k"hf3/df /fVg'eGbf o;df >Ls[i0fn] lbg'ePsf] lbJo pkb]znfO{ cËLsf/ u/L o;nfO{
cjnDag / cfTd;ft\ ug{ ;s]df uLtfsf] pkof]lutf jf:tljs ¿kdf k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] 7xg]{ 5 .
>Ls[i0fn] uLtfdf xfdLh:tf ;Dk"0f{ ch{'gx¿sf] p4f/sf nflu d'lQmsf ;a} dfu{x¿ k|z:t
ul/lbg'ePsf] 5 . uLtfleq k|j]z ug{ ;s] >Ls[i0f;Fu ;fIffTsf/ x'g] 5 eg] aflx/ /x] ch{'g;Fu dfq
ldng x'g] 5 . t;y{ d ;a}nfO{ o;sf] ;xL pkof]u ug{ ljgd| cg'/f]w ub{5' .
cfˆgf] @$–@% jif{sf] ;/sf/L ;]jfdf tg, dg / jrgn] b'vL, kLl8t, lgDg:t/ / pTkLl8t
ju{sf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ b]zk|lt k"0f{ akmfbf/ / ;dlk{t eO{ /fi6« / hgtfnfO{ ;w}“ lz/df /fv]/
sd{ ug{] k|of; u/]F . k/dfTdfn] dnfO{ sd{ ug]{ h'g cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 of] p;n] ddfkm{t
bLgb'vLsf] enfO u/fpgsf nflu lbPsf] df}sf xf] eGg] dnfO{ nfUof] . cfˆgf sfd–st{Jox¿nfO{ d}n]
slxNo} Jofkf/Ls/0f / Joj;foLs/0f ug]{ k|of; ul/g“ . ;fob To;}n] d}n] u/]sf sltko sfo{x¿sf]
pknlAwsf] h; lng]x¿ klg w]/} eP . o;} l;nl;nfdf Pp6f 7'nf] ju{ ;b}j Ps} 7fpFdf cfa4 eP/
nf]suLtf–VI
dnfO{ abgfd ug{ / ljjfbdf tfGg ;lqmo eO/xØf] . t/ d}n] cfˆgf] sfdafx]s o;sf af/]df w]/}
lrGtf klg ul/gF .
clVtof/df ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;j{;Ddltn] lgo'lQm kfP klg lj/f]wLx¿sf] ;nanfx6df
sdL cfPg . dnfO{ clVtof/af6 alxu{dg u/fpgsf nflu /fhg}lts g]t[Tjsf s]xL pRrtd
JolQmTjx¿n] ;'lglZrt if8\oGqcGtu{t unt / em'6f] cleof]u nufO{ dWo/ftdf dxfcleof]u k|:tfj
btf{ u/] . pQm /fhg}lts JolQmx¿;Fu ;xsfo{ ub}{ tTsfn Gofo;]jfdf cf;Lg pRr JolQmTjåf/f d]/f]
km5Øf]{6 eO;s]sf] d'2fnfO{ k|rlnt sfg'g / glh/sf] ckJofVof ub}{ pN6fpg] sfo{ eof] . To:t} em'6f
/ cgu{n k|rf/ u/]/ d]/f lj?4df k':ts n]Vg;d]t if8\oGqsf/Lx¿n] 5f]8]gg\ . To;kl5 Gofo;]jfsf
cGo s]xL dxfg'efjx¿n] sfg'gljk/Lt clVtof/sf] k|d'v cfo'Qm x'g] of]Uotf gePsf] 7x¥ofpFb} dnfO{
alxu{dg u/fpg] /fhg}lts ;f]r / rfxgfnfO{ d"t{ ¿k lbP .
o;/L dnfO{ clVtof/af6 alxu{dg u/fpg e"ldsf v]Ng] Gofo;]jfdf kbf;Lg s]xL pRrtd
dxfg'efjx¿, cfˆgf] å}t rl/q n'sfpg dxfleof]u k|:tfj Nofpg] /fhgLlts g]t[Tj tyf ltgsf
cg'ofoLx¿, kqklqsf ;~rfng ug]{ pRr 3/fgfsf s]xL dxfg'efjx¿, :j3f]lift gful/s cleoGtfx¿,
Jofkf/ Joj;fonfO{ g}lts–cg}lts ¿kdf cfˆgf] vNtLdf /fVg] lghL If]qsf s]xL JolQmx¿,
sd{rf/LtGqsf s]xL k'hf{x¿ tyf o;df k|ToIf–ck|ToIf ¿kdf ;+nUg cGo s]xL dxfg'efjx¿nfO{ d
;fw'jfb JoQm gul//xg ;lQmg“ . c¿sf af/]df lrof]rrf{] ug{'eGbf cfˆgf] cGtof{qfdf k|j]z ug{'
>]o:s/ x'G5 eGg] ;'emfj d ;a}nfO{ lbg rfxG5' .
k/dfTdfn] slxNo} s;}sf] clxt ub}{g lsgeg] pm zfZjt, lgZkIf / ;jf{]Rr lgoGtf xf] . xfdL
h] /f]K5f}“, ToxL kfpF5f}F / of] Ps hGdsf] v]n klg xf]Og . /fd|f] cyjf g/fd|f] b'j} sd{ k/dfTdfs} xftdf
5 . /fd|f] x'Fbf cfˆgf] Ifdtf / of]Uotf clg g/fd|f] x'Fbf k/dfTdfnfO{ bf]ifL 7x¥ofpg] xfd|f] 5'› k|j[lQ
x'G5 t/ /fd|f] g/fd|f] b'j} pg} k/dfTdfsf] s[kf xf] . ;fob d clVtof/df k"/f cjlw a;]sf] eP ToxL
5'›tfleq} /d]/ a;]sf] x'g] lyP“ . cfh hfg cGhfgd} pxfFx¿n] ddfly 7'nf] s[kf ug{'ePsf] 5 lsgeg]
d}n] of] uLtf n]Vg] cj;/ pxfFx¿s} sf/0f k|fKt u/]sf] x'F . ch{'gsf] h:t} ljiffbsf] kl/l:yltaf6} d}n]
klg uLtfdf g} cfˆgf] ljiffbsf] sf/0f vf]Hg yfn]F . d}n] uLtfaf6 s] l;s]“ eg] åGånfO{ zL3|tfk"j{s xn
ug{ vf]Hg' kz'tflt/ nfUg' xf], åGå;“u n8\b} u'lh|g' d"9tf xf] / w}o{n] o;nfO{ em]Ng' tk:of xf] . åGådf
t6:y eP/ o;nfO{ lgolt dfg]/ af“r]df ;a} s'/f k/dfTdfaf6 ePsf] af]w eP/ >4fsf] hGd x'G5, h'g
cd[t kfpg] dfu{sf] Ps cfwf/ xf] .
of] n]vg sfo{df >4fo'Qm efjsf sndn] slxn] cfXnflbt Åbo t slxn] efjsf] eSsfgf]n]
cf]tk|f]t Åbo;lxt /ut¿kL d;Ln] o;nfO{ ;hfpg] k|of; u/]sf] 5' . of] d]/f] o:tf] lglw xf], h;nfO{
d}n] cfˆgf] ;lqmo hLjgsf sl/a tLg bzsdf u/]sf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x¿;Fu t/fh'df /fVg] xf] eg] o;sf]
uxgtf / ;fy{stfsf] s'g} t'ngf g} x'g ;Qm}g .
uLtf ;f/f dg'iosf] lh1f;f, vf]h / pknlAwsf] ;f/ ;~ro xf] . >Ls[i0fsf] cfTdf ag]/ h;/L
cf]zf]n] uLtfbz{gdf o;sf] j0f{g ug{'ePsf] 5, Tof] >j0f ubf{ub}{ slxn]sfxL“ dnfO{ pxfF :jod\ >Ls[i0f
ag]/ d ch{'gnfO{ dfu{ bz{g ub}{ x'g'x'G5 h:tf] nfUb5 . ltAatdf Pp6f egfO 5, lzion] u'? vf]Hg
;Qm}g, u'?n] g} lzionfO{ vf]Hb5 lsgeg] d]3 ha hnn] el/G5, ta pm jlif{g vf]H5 . u'? hnn]
el/Psf] d]3 xf], h;n] pQKt Åbosf] vf]h u5{ . lzion] u'? vf]Hg} ;Qm}g . pm;“u u'? vf]Hg] of]Uotf
/ dfkb08 g} x'Fb}g . p;nfO{ of] c1ft dfu{sf] k|tLlt klg x'Fb}g . To;}n] u'?n] g} lzio vf]Hb5 . o;
cy{df oqf] uLtf 1fg¿kL u+uf k|jflxt ug{ r'lgg' d]/f] cxf]efUo xf] . oxL g} nf]suLtf o;/L lnlka4
x'g' / k|sfzgdf cfpg'sf] ;a}eGbf k|d'v / dxŒjk"0f{ sf/0f xf] .
d}n] eujfg\ cf]zf]nfO{ >j0f u/]kl5 d]/f] dg u'? / cleefjs kfPsf]df t[Kt ePsf] 5 . d]/f]
of] cg'e"lt ;'g]/ pxfFk|lt gsf/fTds efjgf /fVg]x¿sf] dgsf] efj cfFvfdf plqPsf] klg d}n] b]v]“ .
pxfFnfO{ leqL ¿kdf glrgL aflx/L ¿kdf pxfFsf] lj/f]w ug]{ w]/} JolQmx¿ 5g\ . cf]zf]sf] leqL
nf]suLtf–VII
a|XdtŒjsf] ;fgf] emns dfq kfpg ;s]df pgLx¿ cfˆgf] d"v{tfk|lt cfk}Fm k5'tfpg] 5g\ . h'g
prfOaf6 pxfFn] a|Xd, ;To / k/dfTdfsf af/]df atfpg'ePsf] 5 To;sf] Ps 3'8\sL /;f:jfbg ug{
;s] pxfFk|ltsf] gsf/fTds efj :jtM lt/f]lxt x'g] 5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 . ha JolQm Tof] k/d
prfOdf k|fKt x'G5, ta z/L/sf] tndf x'g] ;Dk"0f{ s'/f ;fdfGo / uf}0f dfq x'g k'U5g\ .
>Ldb\ eujb\uLtf eujfg\sf] lbJo uLt xf], h;nfO{ ch{'gsf] axfgfdf >Ls[i0fn] :ju{af6
k[YjLdf ptfg{'ePsf] 5 / cf]zf]n] xfdLh:tf s]xL ghfGg] t/ hfGg] cfsfª\Iff ePsf Kof;LnfO{ lgd{n
agfP/ lknfpg] k|of; ug{'ePsf] 5 . s;/L lkpg] jf glkpg] of] xfd|f] kfqtfdf lge{/ u5{ . ;gftg
lxGb" wd{ / lxGb" u|Gysf] dxfgtfsf] avfgsf ;fy} ;6Ls ts{ lbP/ o;nfO{ hLjGt agfpg] k|of; cflb
z+s/frfo{kl5 s;}n] u/]sf] 5 eg] Tof] cf]zf]n] g} ug{'ePsf] 5 .
ch{'gn] c1fgdf vlr{Psf ljgd| k|Zgx¿ / >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gsf] cfGtl/s ¿kfGt/0f ug{ lbPsf]
lbJo pkb]z¿kL jrgn] g} uLtfsf] k|fb'ef{j ePsf] xf] . uLtf dgf]lj1fg / dg;\ zf:q xf], h;n]
cWofTdtkm{ O;f/f u/]sf] 5 . cWofTd xfd|f] :jefj / df}gtf xf] . cfˆgf] :jefjeGbf ljk/Lt hfg' xfd|f]
sd{ xf] . uLtfdf dgaf6 kf/ nufpg] ;fwg pknAw ePsf] x'Fbf of] k/d zf:q xf] . uLtf o:tf] u|Gy
xf] h;df 1fg, lj1fg, dg;\, bz{g, wd{ / cfWofTd nufot ;Dk"0f{ s'/f ;dflxt 5g\ .
uLtf df}gtfdf 36]sf] cGt/;+jfb xf] . uLtf Tof] ax'd"No /Tg xf] h;df >Ls[i0fn] Tof] cd[t
tŒj k|fKt ug]{ cg]s dfu{ b]vfpg'ePsf] 5, h'g cGo s'g} zf:qaf6 kfpg ;lsGg . uLtfdf >Ls[i0fn]
ch{'gs} w/ftnaf6 pQ/ lbg'ePsf] 5 . ch{'gsf Ps Ps sbd ha dfly p7\5g\ clg uLtf klg To;}
u/L dfly p7\5 . >Ls[i0fn] uLtfsf] ;'?jft dg;\af6 u/]/ cflv/L ;"qnfO{ ToxfF 5f]8\g'ePsf] 5,
hxfFaf6 dg;\ ;dfKt eP/ cWofTd ;'? x'G5 . uLtfdf ;+;f/df /x]sf b'O{ lgi7fx¿ ;fª\Volgi7f /
of]ulgi7fsf af/]df lj:t[t ¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;fª\Vosf] lgi7fdf s]xL ug{' h?/L x'Fb}g, o;df
hfGg' g} kof{Kt x'G5 . ;fª\Vosf] dfu{ k/d 1fgsf] dfu{ x'Fbf ch{'g tyf xfdLh:tfsf nflu a'‰g sl7g
x'G5 . t;y{ uLtfdf k|]d / elQmsf] dfu{, 1fgsf] dfu{ tyf sd{sf] dfu{sf] klg lj:t[t ¿kdf JofVof
ul/Psf] 5 . uLtfsf] s'g} cWofo csf]{ cWofo;Fu jf Ps lgi7f csf]{ lgi7f;Fu t'ngLo 5}g . JolQmsf]
:jefjcg'¿k h'g lgi7fn] lrQ ;Gt'i6 u5{, Tof] JolQmsf nflu ToxL dfu{ >]i7s/ x'G5 . cGtd'{vL
JolQmn] z"Godf clGtd ¿k k|fKt u5{ eg] alxd{'vL JolQmn] k"0f{tfdf clGtd ¿k k|fKt u5{ . cGttM
k"0f{ / z"Go b'j}n] Ps} cy{ /fVb5g\ . uLtf ;d:t dfu{x¿sf] ;|f]t xf] .
>Ls[i0fn] uLtfdf ;+;f/df ePsf ;Dk"0f{ lgi7fnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ ltgsf] j0f{g ug{'ePsf] 5≤
t;y{ uLtf ;j{:jLsfo{ efjsf] cb\e't u|Gy xf] . o;df pxfFn] k|To]s cWofodf Tof] cd[t tŒj hf]
chGdf, cljgfzL, ;gftg / zfZjt 5 To;nfO{ hfGg] / k|fKt ug]{ dfu{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
o'4e"lddf cfkmGtnfO{ b]v]/ ch{'gdf knfPsf] ddTj efjn] uLtfsf] klxnf] cWofosf] k|f/De
eof] . ddTj klg ;"Id cxª\sf/ g} xf] . k/dfTdf / xfd|f] ldngsf] lardf cxª\sf/ Ps dfq afwf xf] .
oxL ddTj¿kL cxª\sf/n] ch'{g ljiffbdf k|fKt eP . oxL ljiffbaf6 p7fP/ k/d k|e' s?0ffdoL
>Ls[i0f ch'{gleqsf] Tof] z'4 r}tGosf] bz{g u/fpg rfxg'x'G5, hf] ;a} s'/faf6 cfsfzh:tf] c:klz{t
5 . o; ljiffbaf6 p7\g >Ls[i0fn] bf];|f] cWofodf ;fª\Volgi7fsf] j0f{g ug{'ePsf] 5, hxfF ;To s]jn
cfTd1fgn] dfq hfGg ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu sd{ tyf k|of;sf] s'g} cfjZostf g} 5}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cfTdf cJoQm, clrGTo, cljsf/L / ckl/jt{gLo 5 . hf] g t d5{ g dfg{
;lsG5 . o'4df hf] dfl/G5, Tof] t z/L/ dfq xf] . d[To'kl5 klg cfTdfsf] cl:tTj / cleJolQm b'j}
x'G5 . ch{'gn] ;fª\Vosf] lgi7f a'‰g g;Sbf dfq t];|f] cWofo atfpg'k/]sf] xf] cGoyf uLtf bf];|f ]
cWofod} ;dfKt x'g] lyof] .
hf] hfGg of]Uo 5, Tof] hflgPs} 5 / hLjg 1fgd} lge{/ 5 eg] dnfO{ of] eoÍ/ sd{df lsg
ws]Nb} x'g'x'G5 eGg] ch{'gsf] lh1f;faf6 t];|f] sd{of]usf] cWofosf] ;'?jft ePsf] xf] . k/d k|e'
>Ls[i0fn] o; cWofodf sd{of]uåf/f Tof] cd[t tŒj hfGg] dfu{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 . o;df Iflqosf nflu

nf]suLtf–VIII
wd{o'4eGbf >]o:s/ / sNof0fsf/L st{Jo c¿ gx'g] x'Fbf :jwd{sf af/]df atfpg'ePsf] 5 . hGd x'Fbf
;a} z"› eP/ hlGdG5g\ / pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] :jsd{ / :jwd{sf] r'gfj cfk}Fmn] ug'{k5{ . cfˆgf] j0f{df
/xL k|To]s j0f{sf JolQmn] Tof] ;To k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5— k/wd{df afFRg'eGbf
:jwd{df dg{' pQd x'G5 . 1fg ha sd{ aG5 ta ;GGof; kmlnt x'G5 . oxL 1fg–sd{–;GGof; of]usf
af/]df atfpFb} rf}yf] cWofosf] ;'?jft ePsf] 5 . ;dTj a'l4sf ;fy ;a} sd{ k|e'df ;dk{0f ug'{ g}
sd{;GGof; xf] . sd{sf] kl/TofueGbf lgisfd sd{ >]i7 x'G5 . sd{k|ltsf] xf];k"0f{ hfu/0f g}
sd{;GGof; xf] . o;cl3 3/ TofUg], ;+;f/af6 ljd'v x'g], hLjgsf] lgif]w ug]{, sd{Tofu ug]{, lgliqmo /
knfog x'g] JolQm ;GGof;L xf] eGg] wf/0ff lyof] . t/ eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff Tofu]/ sd{
ug{' g} ;GGof; xf], knfog x'g h?/L 5}g egL ;GGof;sf] gofF wf/0ff lbg'eof] . gofF ;GGof;sf]
Joj:yfcg';f/ sd{ ubf{ub}{ sd{af6, ef]u ubf{ub}{ ef]Qmfaf6 d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 . ;+;f/ 5f]8]/ efUg]
ljsNknfO{ gsfb}{ ;+;f/df g} a;]/ ;+;f/nfO{ ef]u ub}{ /fhf hgsh:tf] ;+;f/df g} k/dfTdf vf]Hg
;lsG5 eGg] gf}nf] / cgf}7f] ;GGof;sf] Joj:yf >Ls[i0fn] uLtfdf lbg'ePsf] 5 . uLtf efUg]
JolQmx¿nfO{ hfu?s u/fpg] k|of; xf] .
rf}yf] 1fg–sd{–;GGof; of]u / kfFrf}“ sd{;GGof; of]udf ch{'gnfO{ sd{ ub}{ ;d:t sd{sf]
hfndf 8'a]/ klg d'Qm x'g] af6f] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . uLtfsf Ps Ps cWofo cfkm}Fdf k"0f{ 5g\ t/
ch{'gnfO{ kfFrf}“ cWofon] klg sfd ug{ ;s]g . To;}n] pgsf nflu uLtf rln g} /xG5 . 5}6f“} cWofo
cfTd;+od of]u xf] .
o; cWofodf >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ ;d:t k|f0fLdf Ps -s[i0ftŒj_ / Psdf ;d:t k|f0fLsf]
cg'ej ug{ ;Sg] JolQm k/dfTdf g} x'G5 / k/dfTdf o:tf] JolQmdf :jtM k|s6 x'G5 eGg'ePsf] 5 .
;fy} pxf“n] sNof0fsf/L cyf{t\ z'esd{ ug]{ JolQm slxNo} b'u{ltdf gkg]{ / o:tf] JolQmsf] g t o;
nf]sdf g t k/nf]sdf g}+ gfz x'G5 eGg] u'Åo /xZo atfpg'ePsf] 5 . o;df zfb[iotfsf] klg cToGt}
ld7f] JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . o;df >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ ef]uL / TofuL xf]Og, ;+sNk, jf;gf / sd{kmnsf]
Tofu ug]{ of]uL aGgsf nflu eGg'ePsf] 5, lsgeg] ef]uL / TofuLsf x/]s s'/f z/L/sf] tn\df
cxª\sf/;lxt x'G5 t/ of]uL ef]hg ubf{ klg ef]hgsf] xf]Og, /;sf] Tofu u5{ . To;}n] of]uLn] ;To
k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . of] 5}6f}+ cWofodf pxfFn] of]uLsf nflu cTofjZos ;"q cEof; / j}/fUosf af/]df
eGg'ePsf] 5 . ;fy} o;df xfdLh:tf] dg'iosf nflu cfˆgf] cGt:s/0fdf k|j]z ug{ s]xL ljlwx¿sf]
;ª\s]t klg ug{'ePsf] 5 .
;ftf}“ cWofo 1fg–lj1fg of]u xf] . uLtfdf 1fg dfq xf]Og, lj1fg klg hf]l8Psf] 5 . uLtf
Pp6f k':ts dfq geO{ cg]sf}“ 1fgx¿sf] ;ª\u|x xf] . o; cWofodf ci6fË k|s[lt z/L/, kbfy{, dg,
ljrf/ zlQm, a'l4 / clUgsf] ;"Idtd ¿k / cxª\sf/ :jlgld{t wf/0ff x'Fbf logLx¿ ck/f zlQm x'g\ /
k|f0fLx¿df hLj¿kn] /xg] r]tg zlQm k/f xf] eg]/ >Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] 5 . xfdL k|f0fL cf7 ck/f -
h8_ tyf k/f -r]tg_ k|s[ltåf/f pTkGg ePsf xf}F / of] ;f/f hut\sf] pTklQ / k|nosf] sf/0f pxfF
k/dfTdf >Ls[i0f g} /x]sf] pNn]v ug{'ePsf] 5, hf] cfkm}Fdf cb\e't / cfZro{hgs 5 . h;n] cd[t /
laif b'a}nfO{ Psf;fy :jLsf/ u5{ p;nfO{ d[To' / ljgfzn] slxNo} b'Mv lbb}g lsgsL d g}+ ;h{s /
k|no x'“ eGg] cb\e"t ;Tosf] pb3f]if >Ls[i0fn] ug'{ePsf] 5 . cGTodf cg's"ndf xf];\ of k|lts"ndf
;j{q k/dfTdfnfO{ b]v]/ z/0fdf hfg ;Sg' g} xfd|f] k/LIff / r'gf}tL xf] .
ch{'gsf lj/fd/lxt k|Zgsf] z[Înfsf sf/0f uLtf cf7f}“ cWofodf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . of] cIf/a|Xd
of]u xf] . o;df clwe"t, clwb}j / clwo1sf] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . w"jfF/lxt cv08 k"0f{ Hof]lt g}
clwo1, cIf/, k/dfTdf, ;To / cd[t ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} slxNo} ljgfz gx'g] cJoQm
;gftgsf] af/]df klg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;df a|Xd, cWofTd / sd{sf af/]df klg atfOPsf] 5 .
;fy} çsf/¿kL a|Xdsf] pRrf/0f ub}{ k/dfTdfsf] lrGtg u/]/ pQ/fo0fsf] dfu{af6 b]x TofUg] JolQm
k/dkbdf k|fKt x'G5 elgPsf] 5 . o;df pQ/fo0f tyf blIf0ffog dfu{sf] cToGt} j}1flgs /
oyfy{k/s JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .
nf]suLtf–IX
 gLltx¿af6 kf/ x'g' k/d gLlt / ;d:t wd{af6 p7\g' k/d wd{ xf] . k/d cfwf/lt/ rNg' g}+
clt g}lts x'g' xf] . oL ;a}nfO{ pNnª\3g u/]/ hf] Tof] ;gftg kbdf pknAw x'G5, pm a|Xd h:tf]
x'G5 t/ of] a'‰g ch{'gnfO{ sl7g eO/x]sf] 5, o;df pgsf] dg g} afws ePsf] 5 . To;}n] uLtf ca
gjf}“ cWofo /fhljBf–/fhu'Xo of]udf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . of] lj1fg;lxtsf] 1fg, ljBfx¿sf] /fhf, k/d
uf]kgLo clt kljq, k|ToIf kmnjfnf Pjd\ wd{o'Qm pQd 1fg xf] . o;df >Ls[i0fn] j]b, ç, lktfdx,
dGq, cfx'lt ;a} pxfF g} ePsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . o; hut\df ePsf ;a} Wjlg cfxt gfb x'g\ eg]
çsf/ dfq cl:tTjsf] Wjlg cyf{t\ cgfxt gfb xf] . ch{'gn] ce}m >Ls[i0fsf] egfO a'‰g g;Sbf uLtf
bzf}“ cWofodf k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . of] lje"ltof]u xf] . xh'/ :jod\nfO{ hfGg'x'G5 d xh'/nfO{ s;/L hfGg
;S5' eGg] ch{g'sf] lh1f;f zfGt kfg{ >Ls[i0fn] o;df >]i7td / P]Zjo{o'Qm x/]s s'/f hxfF cflehfTo
k|s6 x'G5 o:tf] P]Zjo{o'Qm x/]s s'/fdf cfkm" -k/dfTdf_ ePsf] oyfy{ ePsf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 / ;fy}
;a} k|f0fLx¿sf] ;gftg sf/0f klg cfkm" g}+ /x]sf] atfpg' ePsf] 5 t/ klg ch{'gsf] lh1f;f zfGt x'g
g;Sbf uLtf P3f/f}F cWofodf k|j]z u5{ .
>Ls[i0fsf] cg'u|xn] ch{'gsf] c1fg t gi6 ePsf] 5 t/ cfTd1fgsf] pbo ePsf] 5}g t;y{
pgL k/dfTdfsf] ljZj¿k x]g{ nfnflot eP/ >Ls[i0f;Fu ljZj¿ksf] bz{g lbg cg'go ub{5g\ . Tof]
lj/f6¿ksf] bz{gsf] ch{'gsf] cfsfª\IffnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{ / ch{'gsf] ;+zo d]6fpg >Ls[i0fn] d]/f]
;os8f}+ k|sf/sf ljleGg cfs[lt ePsf] cnf}lss ¿k x]/ eg]/ k/dfTdf >Ls[i0fn] 1fg, P]Zjo{, zlQm,
an, jLo{, t]h / eofgs d[To'sf] ¿k klg cfk"m g}+ ePsf] k|ToIf b]vfpg'eof] . ;gftg lxGb" wd{df dfq
k/dfTdfnfO{ O{Zj/ / bfgj b'j} ¿kdf :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] /fd / /fj0f b'j} ¿knfO{
k/dfTdfsf] g} ¿k dflgPsf] 5 . hGd–d[To' s;}sf] jzdf 5}g . d[To' s]jn z/L/sf] x'G5, cfTdf t
ch/–cd/ x'G5 . oxL ;To a'emfpg >Ls[i0fn] cfˆgf] pxL dgdf]xs d':sfg;lxt ch'{gnfO{ pgsf]
;dk{0fsf] sf/0fn] lj/f6\sf] bz{g ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf;Dd k'¥ofpg'ePsf] 5 . lqnf]sgfy >Ls[i0fn] Toqf]
lj/f6\ ¿ksf] bz{g u/fp“g' ePkl5 klg ch{'gsf k|Zg¿kL ;du| af0fx¿ k"0f{ ¿kdf 5'l6;s]sf 5}gg\ .
uLtfsf] afx|f}“ cWofo elQmof]u xf] . o;df >Ls[i0fn] k|]d / elQmåf/f Ps 5nfªdf Tof] ;Todf
pknAw x'g] dfu{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 . ;TonfO{ a'l4n] xf]Og, Åbon] kfpg' / >4fk"0f{ ;dk{0f ug'{ g} elQm
xf] . ha k|]defj ulx/f] eP/ Tof] k|]dsf] wf/f k/dfTdfsxfF k'U5 ta elQm kmlnt x'G5 .
t]x|f}“ cWofo If]q–If]q1–ljefu of]u xf] . Pp6f cfTdf cyf{t\ If]q1n] ;Dk"0f{ If]qnfO{ k|sfzjfg\
agfpg ;S5 . If]q–If]q1sf] cGt/ hfGg] JolQmn] hLjgsf] k/d ;"q cyf{t\ cd[t tŒjnfO{ hfGb5 .
o;df >Ls[i0fn] w[lt / j:t's]lGb|t r]tgf klg If]q xf] / z'4 r]tgf dfq If]q1 xf] eGg] a8f] cgf}7f]
;"q eGg'ePsf] 5 . uLtfsf] rf}wf}“ cWofo u'0fqo–ljefu of]u xf] . o;df k|s[ltsf tLg u'0f /h, td /
;Œjsf af/]df / oL tLg u'0faf6 klg kf/ eP/ u'0fftLt x'g ;lsG5 eGg] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{
u'0f k|s[ltaf6 pTkGg eP klg k|s[lt lgikIf x'G5 / ;Dk"0f{ ef]u k'?ifn] ub{5 . ha k'?if k|s[ltsf
u'0faf6 c:klz{t /xG5 ta To:tf] z'4 k'?if u'0fftLt x'G5 elgPsf] 5 .
kGw|f}F cWofo k'?iff]Qd of]u xf] . JolQmsf] klxnf] kq kl/lwaf6 x6]kl5 lgikfktfsf] wf/f ;'?
x'G5 / t];|f] kq k'?iff]Qddf k'u]kl5 ;a} lgikfk x'G5 . k'?iff]Qd klg ToxL cd[t xf] . ;gftg
dfGotfdf d"n pb\udnfO{ >]i7 dflgG5, hf] cToGt} plrt s'/f xf] . o;} ;Gbe{df >Ls[i0fn] o;df
pN6f] j[Ifsf af/]df atfpg'ePsf] 5 . ;f]x|f}“ cWofo b]jf;'/;Dkb\–ljefu of]u xf] . o;df >Ls[i0fn]
cf;'/L ;Dkbf / b}jL ;Dkbfsf JolQmx¿df x'g] nIf0f / To;af6 s;/L kf/ eO{ Tof] cljgfzL tŒjnfO{
hfGg ;lsG5, To;af/] lj:t[t ¿kdf j0f{g ug'{ePsf] 5 .
o;kl5 uLtfn] ;qf}“ cWofodf k|j]z kfPsf] 5, hf] >4fqo–ljefu of]u xf] . cxª\sf/n] ul/g]
s[To cwd{ / c;t\ xf] . lg/xª\sf/ efjn] ul/g] ;a} s[To, hxfF k/dfTdf g} stf{ x'G5, Tof] ;t\
xf] . zf:qLo ;+:sf/af6 /lxt, s]jn :j–efjaf6 pTkGg ePsf] >4f /fh;L, tfd;L / ;flŒjsL tLg}
k|sf/sf] x'G5 . Wofg:y, ;dflw:y / a|Xdsf] bz{g eO;s]sf] ;b\u'?df >4fefj /fv]/ pxfFnfO{ gdg
nf]suLtf–X
ub}{ cfkm"leqsf] vf]h ;'? u/]df s'g} ;do cgfof; åf/ v'n]/ Tof] lbJo Hof]ltnfO{ hfGg ;Sg] 5f}“
cyf{t\ cfkm}“ s[i0f ePsf] hfGg] 5f}“ . o;df ç tt\ ;t\ / ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xdsf] a8f] ld7f] JofVof
ul/Psf] 5 .
;q cWofo;Dd ch'{gsf] lh1f;f kl/k"lt{ x'g g;Sbf uLtf c7f/f}F cWofo df]If–;GGof; of]udf
k|j]z u/]sf] 5 . lxGb" ;+:s[lt cy{, sfd, wd{ / df]If rf/ k'?iffy{ :jLsfb{5 / wd{af6 klg kf/ x'g'nfO{
df]If dfGb5 . :jtGq / hfu|t\ r}tGo hxfF s0f klg z]if g/xL ;j{q k/dfTdf dfq x'G5, oxL df]Ifsf]
bzf xf] . df]If g} xfd|f] k/d nIo xf] / ;GGof; Tof] k/d nIo kfpg] dfu{ xf] . c7f/f}“ cWofo oxL
df]If–;GGof; of]u xf] .
uLtf cToGt} cnf}lss u|Gy 5, o;df ;t\sf] vf]h ug{'k5{ / ToxL ;t\ cGToxLg r}tGosf] gfd
>Ls[i0f xf] . uLtfsf x/]s cWofo cfkm}“df k"0f{ 5g\ . Ps cWofosf] cWoog u/]kl5 csf]{ cWofosf]
cfjZostf g} 5}g . t/ ch{'g hf] xfdL ;a}sf k|tLs x'g\, pgsf] ;+zou|:t lrQn] Tof] ;To a'‰g
g;Sbf xfdLn] uLtf h:tf] cgdf]n u|Gy k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf xf}F .
ch{'gsf] ljiffbaf6 cf/De ePsf] uLtf df]If–;GGof; of]udf uP/ cGTo ePsf] 5 . x/]ssf]
clGtd uGtJo df]If g} xf] . uLtfsf ;a} cWofosf] JofVof Tof] cfTdtŒj hfGgnfO{ xf] hf] chGdf,
cljgfzL, zfZjt / cgflb 5 . >Ls[i0fn] o;df ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds b'j} kIfnfO{ cª\uLsf/
ug{'ePsf] 5 . b'O{ ljk/Ltx¿ /fd|f]–g/fd|f], ;kmntf–c;kmntf, b'v–;'v ;a} hf]8Ld} ;fy;fy} cfpF5g\ .
Pssf] dfq r'gfj ug{ vf]Hg' d"v{tf xf] . ha JolQm oL b'O{ ljk/Ltsf lardf /f]lsg ;S5, ta /fu–
lj/fu, ;kmntf–c;kmntf s;}n] klg p;nfO{ 5'g ;Qm}g / pm jLt/fuL x'G5 . ;Œju'0f /hf]u'0f /
tdf]u'0fsf] ;Gt'ng xf] t/ ha JolQm o; ;Œju'0faf6 klg dfly p7]/ kf/ x'G5, ta pm u'0fftLt x'G5,
ta p;n] Tof] k/d r}tGo cd[t tŒj k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . uLtfdf k'?ifsf af/]df klg elgPsf] 5 . k'/
cyf{t\ gu/sf] s]G›df a:g] g} k'?if xf] . h'g lbg gu/sf] ultljlw;“u k'?if tŒjnfO{ s'g} ;/f]sf/ x'Fb}g,
To;} ;do pm z'4 k'?if eP/ cd[t tŒj k|fKt ub{5 . ;t\–c;t\, JoQm–cJoQm, cfs[lt–cgfs[lt,
;fsf/–lg/fsf/sf af/]df klg uLtfdf lj:t[t ¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
uLtfdf çsf/sf] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . ;+;f/sf ;a} Wjlg cfxt gfb x'g\ t/ çsf/ cgfxt gfb
xf] / of] xfd|f] :jefj xf] . o;sf] u'~hg cl:tTjsf] Wjlgsf] u'~hg xf] . aflx/sf] Wjlgdf xfdL
clNemPsf] x'Fbf of] :jtM:km"t{ ¿kdf u'lGh/x]sf] cl:tTjsf] Wjlg xfdL ;'Gg ;Qm}gf“} . h'g If0f xfdL of]
aflx/L Wjlgaf6 d'Qm x'G5f}“, To;} If0f Tof] çsf/sf] Wjlg ;'Gg ;Sg] 5f}“ .
uLtfdf w]/} k'g?lQm klg 5 . x/]s k6s gofF s'/f eGbf s]xL g s]xL k'/fgf] s'/f klg hf]l8G5 .
c¿ u|Gyn] Ps dfq dfu{ atfpF5g\ eg] uLtfn] ;Dk"0f{ dfu{ atfPsf] 5, rfx] Tof] a'4sf] z"Gotf /
lgjf{0fsf] vf]hsf] xf];\, rfx] dxfjL/sf] clx+;fsf] xf];\, rfx] Tof] lh;;sf] k]|dsf] xf];\, rfx] df]xDdbsf]
1fgsf] vf]h xf];\ . ;+;f/df x/]s JolQmn] vf]h]sf lgi7fx¿sf] ;DaGwdf >Ls[i0fn] klxn] g} uLtfdf
j0f{g ul/;Sg'ePsf] 5 . s'g} klg JolQmn] cfˆgf] ;Defjgfsf] vf]hL u/]/ To;cg'¿ksf] sfo{ u/]df pm
;To;Dd k'Ug] s'/fdf b'O{ dt x'g} ;Sb}g . uLtfsf] ;Gb]z klg oxL xf] .
d >Ls[i0fsf] kfjg r/0fdf cfˆgf] lz/ af/Daf/ g'xfpg rfxG5' . pxfF cj0f{gLo x'g'x'G5 .
pxfFsf] s'g} ;Ldf 5}g, pxfF c;Ld x'g'x'G5 . pxfF k"0f{ cjtf/ k'?if x'g'x'G5 . k/dfTdfsf] of]udfofsf]
zlQmn] ;+;f/af6 d'Qm x'g] ;Dk"0f{ dfu{ pkb]zsf] ¿kdf xfdL ;a}nfO{ atfpg s?0ffsf] sf/0fn] k"0f{
hfu/0fdf pxfFn] hGd lng'ePsf] xf] . pxfF sfnftLt eP/ klg If0fhLjL x'g'x'G5 . h'g If0f hxfF
x'g'x'G5, To;nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kn] lhpg'x'G5 . To;}n] hxfF afNofj:yf u'hfg{'eof], hxfF uf]lkgL /
uf]kfnx¿;“u ;do latfpg'eof], ozf]bf;“u afnqmL8f ug{'eof] / uf]lkgLx¿;Fu /f;nLnf /Rg'eof], ToxL
j[Gbfjg 5f]8]kl5 kmls{P/ klg cfpg'ePg . h;sf] /; leq}af6 x6]sf] 5, h;sf] /fu lgj[Q eO;s]sf]
5, o:tf] >Ls[i0fh:tf] k/d k'?ifnfO{ dfq o;f] ug{ ;Dej x'G5 .

nf]suLtf–XI
 >Ls[i0f hxfF x'g'x'G5, ToxL If0f k"0f{ ¿kdf x'g'x'G5 . pxfF ;jf]{Rr ›i6f, 1ftf, k"0f{ k/LlIft
x'g'x'G5 . pxfFsf nflu ;a} ;To jt{dfg xf] . eujfg\df s'g} dof{bf x'Fb}g . dof{bf t dg'iodf dfq
x'G5 . t;y{ pxfF cdof{b cyf{t\ dof{bftLt x'g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0fsf] hLjg v]n / nLnfdo 5 . pxfF
›f}kbLnfO{ gUgtfaf6 arfpg klg 5f]8\g'x'Gg / uf]lkgLx¿;“u nLnf ub}{ pgLx¿sf] j:q n'sfpg klg
;Sg'x'G5 . ;fª\Vosf] s'/f ubf{ ;fª\Vok|lt g} lgi7fjfg\ / sd{ / elQmsf] s'/f ubf{ sd{of]uL / eQm g}
aGg ;Sg'x'G5 . pxfFsf] JolQmTj ax'cfoflds 5 . km/s–km/s JolQmn] km/s–km/s s[i0f b]Vb5g\ .
>Ls[i0fsf] ljifodf s'g} Ps wf/0ff agfpg} ;ls“b}g . pxfFsf] c;Ld lj/f6tfsf] sf/0f ;a} cfˆgf]
cg's"n s[i0fsf] 5gf]6 u/]/ >Ls[i0fnfO{ vl08t ub{5g\ t/ pxfF t cv08 / k"0f{ x'g'x'G5 .
af“;'/Lsf] Wjlgdfkm{t ;a}nfO{ dGqd'Uw kfg{ ;Sg] >Ls[i0f rqm lnP/ o'4 d}bfgdf b]lvg'x'G5 .
af“;'/L ks8\g] / uf]lkgLx¿sf] j:q x/0f ug]{ cf}“nfdf lx+;fsf] sf/s ;'bz{grqm x'g' ;fdfGo s'/f
xf]Og . pxfF t Tof] k/d cfgGb, cd[t, k/da|Xd, lgTo wd{ / ;a}sf] cf>o x'g'x'G5 . s[i0ftŒj xfdL
;a}leq 5 . ;a} r]tgfx¿df ulx/f] cfTdefj g} Tof] s[i0ftŒj, ;lRrbfgGb k/d a|Xd xf] . pxfF ;a}
u'0fx¿sf] kf/ u'0fftLt x'g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0feGbf cl3 / kl5sf] s'g} cjtf/ k"0f{ 5}g, >Ls[i0f dfq k"0f{
cjtf/ k'?if x'g'x'G5 .
ch{'g hf] xfdL ;a}sf k|tLs x'g\, pgL lh1f;' 5g\ / pgsf] lh1f;f c1fgdf klg ljgd| 5 .
>Ls[i0fn] cfˆgf] tnaf6 pgnfO{ d"v{, d"9 / ch{'gs} tnaf6 ef/t, ;vf lgikfk eGbf klg pgL s'g}
lj/f]w ub}{gg\ . pgsf] s[i0fk|ltsf] cf:yf, >4f / ;dk{0fdf s'g} sdL 5}g t;y{ k|ltsf/ klg ub}{gg\ .
s]jn pgsf] ;d:of o'4e"lddf cfkmGtnfO{ b]Vbf ddTjn] klqmPsf] dfq xf] . of] ;+;f/df ;Dk"0f{ s'/f
k/dfTdfaf6} k|fKt x'G5, s]jn cxª\sf/ dfq dg'io :jod\n] lgld{t u5{ . ddTj klg cxª\sf/s} Ps
¿k xf] . t;y{ >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ cfGtl/s ¿kfGt/0f u/]/ ;To;Dd k'¥ofpg rfxg'x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fn] lbg'ePsf] uLtf1fgsf] ;f/ ;~ro Tof] zff:jt ;To;Dd k'Ug' xf] . ToxfF k'Ug] 1fg,
elQm / sd{sf dfu{ x'g\ . lg/fsf/, lgu{'0f / c¿k;Dd k'Ug] 1fgsf] dfu{ xf] . k|]d / >4fåf/f ;fsf/ /
;u'0f k|fKt ug]{ elQmsf] dfu{ xf] . lgisfd sd{ / kmnfsfª\Iff/lxt eO{ ;Dk"0f{ stf{kg k/dfTdfdf
5f]8\g' sd{sf] dfu{ xf] hf] xfdLh:tf clwsf+z dg'iox¿sf] dfu{ x'g ;S5 . of] 1fg, elQm / sd{sf]
dfu{df klg >4fk"0f{ ;dk{0f;lxt z/0ffult ePdf dfq Tof] s[i0f¿kL k'?iff]Qd tŒjnfO{ k|fKt ug{
;lsg] 5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
;j{wdf{g\ kl/ToHo dfd]s+ z/0f+ j|h .
cx+ Tjf+ ;j{kfk]Eof] df]Ifloiofld df z'rM ..
ltdL ;Dk"0f{ wd{ cyf{t\ ;j{sd{sf] cf>onfO{ ddf Tofu u/L s]jn Ps d ;j{zlQmdfg\ jf;'b]j
k/dfTdfsf] cgGo z/0fdf cfpm . d ltdLnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ kfkx¿af6 d'Qm ul/lbg]5' . ltdL zf]s gu/ ..

nf]suLtf–XII
 s[t1tf
;j{k|yd ;a} dfGohgx¿sf] k|]dk"0f{ cfzLjf{bsf nflu d s[t1tf 1fkg ug{ rfxG5' . d}n]
k|:t't uLtf n]vg sfo{ ubf{ d]/f] 5fofFh:tf] eP/ dnfO{ ;fy / k|]/0ff lbg] d]/L cwf{lËgL ;'lgtfl;+x
sfsL{nfO{ d k|]defj JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . pgsf] k|]dk"0f{ ;flGgWosf sf/0fn] dfq of] n]vg / ;Dkfbg
sfo{ ;kmn x'g ;s]sf] xf] . d]/f] hLjgsf cf/f]x–cj/f]xx¿df c6n eP/ ;fy lbg] d]/L cwf{lËgLnfO{
cfef/ k|s6 ug]{ d;Fu s'g} zAb 5}g . To;}n] d df}gtfdf pgnfO{ cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . d]/f] x/]s
b'v–;'vdf d]/f] 5xf/L ag]/ Gofgf] dfofn] dnfO{ ;fy lbg] d]/L k|]/0ffsL ;|f]t 5f]/L 8f=cfWof>L sfsL{
yklnof tyf d]/L gfltgL ;jf{0fL>L yklnofk|lt d s[ts[To x'Fb} k|]d ;dk{0f ug{ rfxG5' . o:tf 5f]/L /
gfltgL kfpg' d]/f] k"j{hGdsf] tk:ofsf] kmn x'g'k5{ . To;/L g} dnfO{ k|]/0ff lbg] 5f]/L cfs[lt sfsL{
yfkf tyf 5f]/f cEo'bodfgl;+x sfsL{k|lt klg d cfef/ tyf k|]d k|s6 ug{ rfxG5' . ;fy} d]/f gfltx¿
clw/fh yfkf / ;fd|fHo yfkfk|lt klg d ;Åbo k|]d k|s6 ug{ rfxG5' . d]/f ;;'/f tyf ;f;"
/fd]Zj/axfb'/ l;+x / zzL l;+xn] pmhf{:j¿k lbPsf] k|]/0ffsf nflu pxfFx¿k|lt d s[t1tf JoQm ug{
rfxG5' . To;} u/L Hf'jfOFx¿ z'eflzif yklnof / k|an yfkfk|lt klg pxfFx¿n] dk|lt b]vfPsf]
;b\efjsf nflu cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .
o; ;Gbe{df d d]/f lbjª\ut bfh'x¿ hut\aGw' sfsL{, nf]saGw' sfsL{ tyf legfh'x¿ of]u]Gb|
a:g]t, OGb|axfb'/ sfsL{, u0f]zaxfb'/ 9'ª\ufgf, dfdf b]j]Gb| l;njfnnfO{ :d/0f ug{ rfxG5' . d]/f rf/
lbbLx¿ /fh]Zj/L a:g]t, zs'Gtnf sfsL{, O{Zj/L 9'ª\ufgf / ddtf yfkf x''g'x'G5 . dnfO{ afNofj:yfdf
dft[jt\ :g]x / ;+/If0f ug]{ d]/f b'O{ lbbLx¿ zs'Gtnf sfsL{, O{Zj/L 9'ª\ufgf tyf d]/L h]7L efph" cGh'
sfsL{k|lt d ;b}j C0fL 5' . d]/f] ;'vdf ldq / b'vdf cleefjs d]/L lxt}ifL sfG5L lbbL ddtf yfkf,
sfG5f legfh' ljgf]b yfkfk|lt klg s[t1tf JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . To;}u/L dflxnL efph' nfh' sfsL{,
efO 8f=afndfgl;+x sfsL{ tyf a'xf/L ;lnGbf sfsL{af6 lg/Gt/ k|fKt ePsf] ;fy / ;xof]usf nflu
xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .
d}n] …nf]suLtfÚ n]Vg nfu]sf] b]v]/ o;nfO{ k':tssf ¿kdf k|sfzg ug{'k5{ eg]/ dnfO{ af/Daf/
k|f]T;fxg lbg] / ;xof]u ug]{ efO g/]G›/fh k|;fO{ / alxgL OlGb/f k|;fO{nfO{ klg d ljz]if wGojfb /
cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . o; u|Gysf] efiff;Dkfbgdf s]zj ;'j]bLHo"af6 clj:d/0fLo ;xof]u k|fKt
ePsf] 5 . o;sf lglDt d pxfFnfO{ klg ;Åbo s[t1tf 1fkg ug{ rfxG5' . pxfFsf] ;xof]uaf6 o;
u|Gy Jofs/0fLo ¿kdf z'4 ePsf] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .
d}n] tof/ kf/]sf] o; u|Gysf]] bz cWofo;Dd klxnf] k6s sDKo'6/ 6fOk ug]{ d]/f lxt}ifL
7fs'/gfy s'OFs]nk|lt cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . o;} u/L P3f/ cWofob]lv 6fOk ug]{ / x/]s k6s
ul/Psf sf65fF6nfO{ 6fOk tyf ;'wf/ u/]/ dnfO{ 7'nf] ;xof]u ug]{ ;+lhj -;Gh'_ rf}w/LnfO{ d ljz]if
wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . ;fy} o; u|Gysf] clGtd k|'km s/]S;g ug]{ t'n;L tfdfªnfO{ klg d xflb{s
wGojfb JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . o; k':tsnfO{ k|sfzg;Dd k'¥ofpg ljleGg k|sf/sf ;xof]u ug]{
bfgaxfb'/ yfkf, /fdz/0f /]UdL, emdsnfn sfsL{ / /fh]G› rf}w/LnfO{ klg d wGojfb JoQm ug{ rfxG5'
.
cGtdf d k'gM tŒj1fgL cf]zf]df cfˆgf] s[t1tf ck{0f ug{ rfxG5' lsgeg] d}n] lnlka4 u/]sf]
of] …nf]suLtfÚ ;+;f/s} ulx/f] Kofl;lkms dxf;fu/eGbf klg ulx/f] cf]zf]sf] uLtfbz{g >j0f ub}{ ToxL
>j0fs} e/df o;df plqP/ s]xL ax'd"No / cgdf]n df]tLx¿ ;ª\sng u/L ;a};dIf dfnf agfP/
k|:t't ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5' .
 n]vs
nf]suLtf–XIII
 ljifo;"rL
 k"j{;Gbe{ M ===========================================================================================================!–@
klxnf] cWofo M ljiffbof]uM .................................................................................... #–@@
bf];|f] cWofo M ;fª\Voof]uM ................................................................................. @#–&^
t];|f] cWofo M sd{of]uM ...................................................................................&&–!@)
rf}yf] cWofo M 1fgsd{;GGof;of]uM.................................................................. !@!–!*)
kfFrf}F cWofo M sd{;GGof;of]uM ....................................................................... !*!–@!)
5}6f}F cWofo M cfTd;+odof]uM ........................................................................ @!!–@&*
;ftf}F cWofo M 1fglj1fgof]uM ....................................................................... @&(–#!^
cf7f}F cWofo M cIf/a|Xdof]uM ......................................................................... #!&–#%*
gjf}F cWofo M /fhljBf/fhu'Xoof]uM ............................................................... #%(–$!)
bzf}F cWofo M lje"ltof]uM............................................................................. $!!–$&$
P3f/f}F cWofo M ljZj¿kbz{gof]uM ................................................................... $&%–%!)
afx|f}F cWofo M elQmof]uM ............................................................................... %!!–%#$
t]x|f}F cWofo M If]q–If]q1ljefuof]uM ................................................................. %#%–%^^
rf}wf}F cWofo M u'0fqoljefuof]uM .................................................................... %^&–%()
kGw|f}F cWofo M k'?iff]Qdof]uM .......................................................................... %(!–^!@
;f]x|f}F cWofo M b}jf;'/;Dklåefuof]uM ............................................................... ^!#–^#*
;qf}F cWofo M >4fqoljefuof]uM .................................................................... ^#(–^^$
c7f/f}F cWofo M df]If;GGof;of]uM ..................................................................... ^^%–&)*
 ç
>L k/dfTdg] gdM
s[i0fd\ jGb] hub\u'?d\ .

 k"j{;Gbe{
k"jL{o jfª\dosf] clåtLo u|Gy >Ldb\efujb\uLtf dfgj ;Eotf / dfgj Oltxf;s} ;jf]{Ts[i6
l;h{gf xf] . of] 1fg, elQm / sd{sf] lqj]0fL klg xf], h;df j]b pklgifb\nufot ;Dk"0f{ zf:qx¿
;dflxt 5g\ . eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] sl/a kfFr xhf/ jif{cl3 dxfef/tsf] o'4e"lddf ch{'gnfO{
lbg'ePsf pkb]zx¿ o; u|Gydf ;ª\u|lxt 5g\ .
xl:tgfk'/ /fHosf Ho]i7 ;Gtlt w[t/fi6« cGwf ePsf]n] /fhf x'g of]Uo ePgg\ / kf08' /fhf
eP . w[t/fi6«sf b'of]{wg, b'Mzf;g, ljs0f{ cflb ;o efO 5f]/fx¿ hlGdP . kf08'sf o'lwli7/, eLd,
ch{'g, gs'n / ;xb]j u/L kfFr 5f]/fx¿ eP . ;fdfGotM kf08j / sf}/j b'j} s''?s'nsf eP klg
sf}/j eGgfn] b'of]{wg cflb w[t/fi6« k'qx¿ / kf08j eGgfn] kf08'k'q o'lwli7/ nufot kfFr efO
eGg] a'lemG5 .
kf08jx¿ afNofj:yfdf x'Fbf g} lktf kf08'sf] lgwg ePsfn] pgLx¿sf] /]vb]vsf] lhDd]jf/L
Ho]i7lktf w[t/fi6«sf sfFwdf cfof] . lktfdx eLidsf] ;+/If0f / :g]xdf kf08jx¿ x'ls{P .
afNosfnb]lv g} pgLx¿ Hofb} ljgozLn, lzi6, st{Jok/fo0f, ;TojfbL Pjd\ wfld{s :jefjsf lyP
eg] w[t/fi6«sf b'of]{wg nufot 5f]/fx¿ p208, O{iof{n', k|ltzf]wk"0f{ Pjd\ pRr dxŒjfsfª\Iffn] o'Qm
lyP . eLidlktfdxsf] Joj:yfkgdf ›f]0ffrfo{ / s[kfrfo{af6 sf}/j / kf08jx¿n] plrt /fhgLlts
1fg Pjd\ z:qf:q;DaGwL ljBf xfl;n u/] . o;} qmddf ch{'gn] ;j{>]i7 wg'wf{/Lsf] klxrfg agfP .
kf08jx¿n] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf Voflt cfh{g u/]sf] b'of]{wgnfO{ k6Ss} dg k/]sf] lyPg . w[t/fi6«
klg k'qdf]xdf km;]sf lyP . ;fdfGotM /fhfdf x'g'kg]{ u'0f ljBdfg ePsfn] o'lwli7/ :jtM
xl:tgfk'/ /fHosf pQ/flwsf/L lyP t/ b'of]{wg /fHosf] pQ/flwsf/L cfk"m g} ePsf] 7fGy] . o;y{
cfˆgf afa'sf] df}g ;Ddltdf b'of]{wgn] kf08jx¿nfO{ dfg]{ if8\oGqx¿ u/] t/ sfsf ljb'/ hf]
xl:tgfk'/ /fHosf dxfdGqL lyP, pgL / >Ls[i0fsf] ;r]tgf / :g]xsf sf/0f g} pgLx¿ afFRg ;kmn
eP . >Ls[i0f ;lRrbfgGb:j¿k k/a|Xd k/dfTdf x'g'x'G5 . ;Tosf] ;+/If0f / b'i6sf] ;+xf/sf nflu
pxfF cfˆgf] of]udfofsf] zlQmaf6 cjtl/t x'g'ePsf] xf] .
b'of]{wgn] o'lwli7/nfO{ h'jf v]Ng pS;fP / 5nsk6k"0f{ lg0ff{os v]ndf o'lwli7/n]
›f}kbL;lxt ;j{:j xf/] . sf}/j;efdf kf08jkTgL ›f}kbLsf] j:qx/0f ug]{ k|oTg eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf]
b}jL x:tIf]ksf sf/0f ;kmn x'g ;s]g . h'jfsf] ;t{cg';f/ /fHo Tofu]/ kf08jx¿ t]x| jif{;Ddsf
nflu jgjf; uP .
k/flht kIfn] afx| jif{sf] jgjf; / Ps jif{sf] u'Ktjf;kl5 k'gM cfˆgf] /fHo k|fKt ug]{ ;t{
ePsfn] jgjf;kl5 cfˆgf] u'd]sf] /fHo kf08jx¿n] lkmtf{ dfu] t/ b'of]{wg kf08jx¿sf] /fHo
OG›k|:y lbg tof/ ePgg\ . cGtdf >Ls[i0fsf] zflGtk|:tfj cg';f/ kfFr efOsf nflu kfFrj6f ufpF
dfq dfUbf klg b'of]{wgn] l;of]sf] 6'Kkf] hlt hldg lbg klg c:jLsf/ u/]sf] x'gfn] g} kf08jx¿n]
o'4sf] ;xf/f lng afWo x'g'k/]sf] xf] .

nf]suLtf– 1
 b'of]{wg / ch{'g b'j} >Ls[i0f;Fu o'4cl3 ;xof]u dfUg uP . b'of]{wgn] >Ls[i0f;Fu pxfFsf]
gf/fo0fL ;]gf dfu u/] eg] ch{'gn] :jod\ eujfg\ >Ls[i0fnfO{ k|fKt u/] . t;y{ >Ls[i0f o'4df
wg'wf{/L ch{'gsf ;f/yL aGg'eof] .
kf08jtkm{sf] ;}GoJo"x /rgf ug]{ sfd ›f]0ffrfo{ lzio ›'kbk'q w[i6B'Dgn] u/] eg]
sf}/jtkm{sf] ;}GoAo"x /rgf :jod\ u'? ›f]0ffrfo{n] u/] . o'4sf] tof/L k"/f ePkl5 s'?If]qdf
b'j}tkm{sf ;}GozlQm o'4sf nflu v8f eP . o;} ;dodf o'4e"lddf ;j{>]i7 wg'wf{/L ch{'gn] cfˆgf
;f/yL eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf ;fy æcfkm"n] s; s;;Fu n8\g'kg]{ xf] Psk6s cjnf]sg ug{ rfxG5'Æ
egL /ynfO{ b'j} ;}GozlQmsf lardf n}hfg cfu|x u/] . o;kl5 g} eujfg\ >Ls[i0f / ch{'gsf
larsf] ;+jfbsf ¿kdf >Ldb\eujb\uLtfsf] cEo'bo ePsf] xf] .

nf]suLtf– 2
 cWofo–!
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
klxnf] cWofo
ljiffbof]uM

w[t/fi6« pjfr
wd{If]q] s'?If]q] ;dj]tf o'o'T;jM .
dfdsfM kf08jfZr}j lsds'j{t ;~ho ..!..
w[t/fi6«n] ;f]w]– x] ;~ho Û o'4 ug]{ OR5fn] s'?If]qsf] wfld{s :yndf Pslqt ePsf d]/f
tyf kf08'sf 5f]/fx¿n] s] ul//x]sf 5g\ <
uLtfsf] cb\e't bz{g Pp6f b[li6ljxLg JolQmsf] lh1f;faf6 k|f/De ePsf] 5 . cfFvf gx'Fbf
klg sfdgf dgaf6 x6\b}g a? emg\ k|uf9 x'G5 . b[li6ljxLg klg Tof] b]Vg rfxG5 h'g p;n] k|ToIf
b]Vg ;Sb}g . dg''iosf afXo OlG›on] sfd ug{ g;Sg] eP klg leqsf j[lQx¿ cem ;;Qm x'G5g\ .
w[t/fi6« b[li6ljxLg eP tfklg xhf/f}+ dfOn 6f9f eO/x]sf] o'4sf af/]df hfGg pgL cToGt pT;'s
5g\ . w[t/fi6« s'?If]qsf] o'4df cfˆgf / kf08jsf k'qx¿n] s] s] ub}{ 5g\ eg]/ ;~ho;Fu ;f]W5g\ .
w[t/fi6«sf dgdf ljho ;Tosf] kf] x'G5 ls eGg] eo 5 . g]qljxLg w[t/fi6«sf] lh1f;faf6 g} of]
o'4 x'g yfn]sf] 5 . j:t'tM cGwf / ljj]sxLg JolQm g} ;b}j o'4sf sf/s x'G5g\ . w[t/fi6«sf dgdf
dxfef/t o'4df cfˆgf k'qx¿sf] ljho x'G5 eGg] cw{ljZjf; klg b]lvG5 . sf}/jtkm{sf ci6
lr/~hLjLdWo]sf b'O{ lr/~hLjL u'? s[kfrfo{ / cZjTyfdf -›f]0fk'q_ Pjd\ sjr;lxt hGd]sf s0f{,
k/z'/fd lzio k|tfkL eLid, sf}/j–kf08jsf u'? ›f]0ffrfo{, :jod\ w[t/fi6«sf jL/ k'qx¿ /x]sfn]
o'4df cfˆgf k'qx¿sf] ljho x'g] ljZjf;sf sf/0f pgL Jof;;Fu k|ToIf o'4 x]g]{ rfxgf /fV5g\ .
tbg';f/ Jof;n] ;~honfO{ lbJob[li6 k|bfg u/]sfn] pgL s}of+}“ dfOn 6f9fsf b[Zox¿ klg x]g{ ;Sg]
ePsf 5g\ . To;}n] ;~ho o'4sf x/]s va/ w[t/fi6«nfO{ lbG5g\ .
of]udf kf/Ët JolQm ;do / If]qnfO{ gf3]/ 6f9f 6f9f b]Vg ;Sb5g\ . of]ul;4 k'?ifdf t];|f]
cfFvf -lbJob[li6_ x'G5 h;sf dfWodaf6 pgLx¿ 6f9fsf j:t' b]Vg / ;'Gg ;S5g\ . Jof;df ePsf]
o; k|sf/sf] zlQm pgn] w[t/fi6«sf] lh1f;f zfGt kfg{ ;~honfO{ k|bfg u/]sf lyP . cd]l/sfdf
Ps hgf 6]8 l;l/of] eGg] JolQmsf cfFvfdf o:t} ljlzi6 zlQm lyof] h;af6 pgL sf];f}+“ 6f9fsf
j:t' b]Vg / To;sf] lrq ;dfTg ;Sy] t/ pgL cfTd1fgL lyPgg\ . k/ x]g{ ;Sg] Ifdtfn]
cWofTd;Fu s'g} ;DaGw /fVb}g . ;~ho cfWoflTds JolQm xf]Ogg\ a? pgL ljz]if k|fljlws JolQm
x'g\ hf] 6f9f b]Vg, ;'Gg / 6f9fsf lrq ;dfTg ;S5g\ . of]uåf/f ljleGg zlQmx¿ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5
t/ hf] zlQmsf] k|bz{g / rdTsf/df nfU5 Tof] JolQm ;To;Dd k'Ug g;s]/ e8\lsG5 . dg'iosf]
cgGt zlQmsf af/]df cfh lj1fgn] klg :jLsf/ ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . eljiodf ?; / cd]l/sf h:tf
zlQmzfnL d'n'sx¿;Fu ;~hosf] h:tf] zlQm x'g ;S5 cyf{t\ lj1fgsf] vf]h / cg';Gwfgsf sf/0f
;~ho h:tf] zlQm ePsf] JolQm ljsl;t x'g ;S5 . of] of]usf nflu ;fdfGo s'/f xf] t/ o;df
c8\lsg' cufl8sf] af6f] aGb x'g' xf] .

nf]suLtf– 3
cWofo–!
;~ho pjfr
b[i6\jf t' kf08jfgLs+ Jo"9+ b'of]{wg:tbf .
cfrfo{d'k;ËDo /fhf jrgda|jLt\ ..@..
;~hon] eg]– x] /fhg\ Û kf08jx¿sf] ;}GoJoj:yf jf ;}Go df]rf{ b]v]/ /fhf b'of]{wg cfˆgf
u'? ;]gfklt ›f]0ffrfo{sxfF uP / oL jrg eg]–
kZo}tf+ kf08'k'qf0ffdfrfo{ dxtL+ rd"d\ .
Jo"9f+ b|'kbk'q]0f tj lzio]0f wLdtf ..#..
x] cfrfo{ Û xh'/sf a'l4dfg\ lzio ›'kbk'q w[i6B'Dgåf/f /lrt kf08jx¿sf] ljzfn ;}Go
zlQmnfO{ gh/ ug{x' f];\ ..
cq z"/f dx]ijf;f eLdfh{'g;df o'lw .
o'o'wfgf] lj/f6Zr b|'kbZr dxf/yM ..$..
kf08j;]gfdf dx]ijf;f, lj/f6\ tyf ›'kb nufotsf eLd / ch{'gs} a/fa/L ;fdYo{ ePsf
dxf/yL Pjd\ wg'wf{/L jL/x¿ 5g\ ..
w[i6s]t'Zr]lstfgM sflz/fhZr jLo{jfg\ .
k'?lhTs'lGtef]hZr z}AoZr g/k'ËjM ..%..
dxfg\ zlQmzfnL jL/x¿ w[i6s]t', r]lstfg, sflz/fh, k'?lht\, s'lGtef]h / z}Joh:tf
dfgj;dfhsf zlQmzfnL of]4fx¿ klg ToxfF 5g\ ..
o'wfdGo'Zr ljj|mfGt pQdf}hfZr jLo{jfg\ .
;f}eb|f] b|f}kb]ofZr ;j{ Pj dxf/yfM ..^..
ToxfF cToGt k/fqmdL o'wfdGo', cToGt zlQmzfnL pQdf}hf, ;'e›f k'q cledGo' / ›f}kbL
k'qx¿ klg 5g\ hf] ;a} dxf/yLx¿ x'g\ ..
w[t/fi6« hGdn] dfq b[li6ljxLg xf]Ogg\, pgL cfWoflTds b[li6n] klg sdhf]/ lyP . pgL
cfˆgf efOsf 5f]/fx¿ kf08jx¿;Fu k'q b'of]{wgx¿n] o'4sf af/]df ;Demf}tf gu¿g\ eGg] ;f]Ry] .
cfˆgf k'qsf kIfdf zlQmzfnL of]4fx¿ /x]sfn] ljho cfˆg} 5f]/fx¿sf] x'g] / /fHo kf08jnfO{
lkmtf{ lbg gkg]{ ePsfn] klg pgL o'4 xf];\ eGg] rfxGy] . o'4e"ld wfld{s :yn ePsfn] To;sf]
k|efj cfˆgf k'qx¿df k/]/ o'4 /f]lsG5 ls eGg] pgdf cfzÍf klg lyof] . ;~ho w[t/fi6«nfO{
eG5Gf\– dxfg\ o'4sf] tof/Lsf ;do Jojl:yt Jo"xfsf/ ljzfn kf08j ;]gfnfO{ b]v]/ b'of]{wg cfkm"
/fhf eP klg kl/l:yltsf] cfsng u/]/ cfˆgf ;]gfklt cfrfo{ ›f]0fsf glhs k'u]/ eG5g\– x]
cfrfo{ Û xh'/sf tLI0f a'l4 ePsf lzio ›'kbk'q w[i6B'Dgåf/f tof/ kfl/Psf] kf08jx¿sf] ljzfn
Jo"xfsf/ ;}GozlQm x]g{'xf];\ . kf08j ;]gfdf eLd / ch{'gt'No of]4fx¿ ;fTosL, lj/f6\ tyf dxf/yL
›'kb, anjfg\ w[i6s]t', r]lstfg, sflz/fh, g/>]i7 k'?lht\, s'lGtef]h, z}Jo tyf cGo of]4fx¿ klg
5g\ . k/fqmdL o'wfdGo', pQdf}hf, ;'e›fk'q cledGo' Pjd\ ›f}kbLsf kfFr 5f]/fx¿ ;a} dxf/yL x'g\ .
bzf}+“ xhf/ ;}Go;Fu PSn} le8\g ;Sg] Nofst ePsf of]4fnfO{ dxf/yL elgG5 .
c:dfs+ t' ljlzi6f o] tflGgaf]w låhf]Qd .
gfosf dd ;}Go:o ;~1fy{+ tfGa|jLld t] ..&..

nf]suLtf– 4
 cWofo–!
x] a|f≈d0f >]i7 Û xfd|f kIfdf klg hf] ljlzi6 5g\ ltgLx¿sf af/]df a'‰g'xf];\ . xh'/sf]
hfgsf/Lsf nflu xfd|f ljlzi6 ;}Go gfosx¿sf af/]df klg d eG5' ..
dg'iosf] dg ha xLgtfn] u|:t x'G5 ta klxn] cfˆgf] >]i7tfaf6 s'/f ;'? u5{ t/ xLgtf
gePsf] JolQmn] csf{sf] ;Ddfg Pjd\ >]i7tfaf6 s'/f ;'? u5{ . b'of]{wg kf08j ;]gfdf sf] sf]
dxf/yL 5g\, To; af/]df klxn] eG5g\ . eLd / ch{'gsf] an Pjd\ ;fdYo{sf af/]df pgL hfgsf/
5g\ . To;}n] t cGo dxf/yLx¿ klg eLd / ch{'gt'No k/fqmdL 5g\ eg]/ zq'sf] klg k|z+;f u5{g\ .
;fwf/0ftof h;df xLgtfaf]w x'G5 p;n] zq'sf] k|z+;faf6 o'4sf] aofg ub}{g, lgGbfaf6 ;'? u5{
t/ b'of]{wgdf slQ klg xLgtfaf]w lyPg / pgL cfˆgf] sbd / ljhok|lt cfZj:t lyP . To;}n] t
pgL zq'–;}Gosf] k|z+;faf6 s'/f ;'? u5{g\ .
ejfGeLidZr s0f{Zr s[kZr ;ldlt~hoM .
cZjTyfdf ljs0f{Zr ;f}dblQ:ty}j r ..*..
xfd|f ;}Gotkm{ ;b}j o'4df ljho k|fKt ug]{ xh'/ :jod\, eLid lktfdx, s0f{, ;+u|fd ljhoL
s[kfrfo{, cZjTyfdf, ljs0f{ / ;f]dbQsf k'q e"l/>jf cflb x'g'x'G5 ..
cGo] r axjM z"/f dby]{ ToQmhLljtfM .
gfgfz:qk|x/0ffM ;j]{ o'4ljzf/bfM ..(..
d]/f lglDt cfˆgf] k|f0f TofUg tdtof/ cGo w]/} z"/jL/x¿ klg 5g\ hf] cg]s k|sf/sf
xltof/åf/f ;';lHht 5g\ / o'4 ljBfdf s'zn klg 5g\ ..
ckof{Kt+ tb:dfs+ an+ eLidfle/lIftd\ .
kof{Kt+ lTjbd]t]iff+ an+ eLdfle/lIftd\ ..!)..
xfd|f] ;]gf o'4sf nflu ckof{Kt 5 oBlk eLidåf/f ;+/lIft 5 / kf08j ;]gf o'4sf nflu
kof{Kt 5 t/ eLd;]gåf/f ;+/lIft 5 ..
cog]if' r ;j]{if' oyfefudjl:ytfM .
eLidd]jfle/IfGt' ejGtM ;j{ Pj lx ..!!..
xh'/x¿ ;a} ;}GoJo"xdf hf] hf] hxfF hxfF df]rf{ jf :yfgdf /x] klg ;a}lt/af6 eLid
lktfdxnfO{ g} /Iff ug{'k5{ ..
cfˆgf] ;}Gotkm{sf af/]df b'of]{wg eG5g\– o'4df ;b}j ljho k|fKt ug]{ xh'/ :jod\ eLid
lktfdx, s0f{, cZjTyfdf, ljs0f{ -b'of]{wgsf efO_, ;f]dbQsf k'q e"l/>jf cflb z"/jL/ 5g\ hf]
cfˆgf] k|f0f Tofu]/ eP klg d]/f] hLtnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/fpg ;dlk{t 5g\ . oL ;a} efFtL efFtLsf
z:qf:qsf 1ftf / z:qk|xf/df s'zn 5g\ . oBlk xfd|f] ;]gf o'4sf nflu kof{Kt 5}g t/ eLidåf/f
;+/lIft 5 / To;}n] ljhosf nflu kof{Kt 5 . ;fd'Gg]df /x]sf] kf08j ;]gf o'4sf nflu kof{Kt eP
klg eLd;]gåf/f ;+/lIft /x]sfn] ckof{Kt 5 . b'of]{wg, eLidsf] jL/tfsf ;fd' eLd;]g sdhf]/
ePsfn] cfˆgf] ljho ;'lglZrt 7fGb5g\ . To;}n] pgL sf}/jsf] ljho eLiddf lge{/ 5 eGg] ;f]rn]
ljZj:t 5g\ . eLdh:tf] zlQmzfnL t/ sd a'l4sf] JolQm s]G›df /x] eg] dfq o'4 ;Dej x'G5 .
t;y{ b'of]{wg ;a} ldn]/ eLidlktfdxsf] /Iff ug{'kg]{ ;Nnfx lbG5g\ .
b'of]{wgsf] ljrf/df o'4sf] x/ ;Defjgf eLdaf6 g} ;'? x'G5 lsgeg] ch{'gh:tf c;n Pjd\
ljj]szLn JolQmdf b'of]{wg o'4sf] sf/0f b]Vb}gg\ . pgL eLdsf] sf/0fn] dfq o'4 x'g;S5 eGg]
;f]Rb5g\ . o'4 ljj]szLn / a'l4dfg\ dflg;sf sf/0fn] x'Fb}g eLdh:tf] a'l4sf] JolQmsf sf/0fn] x'g
;S5 . ch{'g a'l4dfg\ / ljj]szLn ePsfn] pgL ;+zo / cfzÍfn] o'Qm 5g\ . hxfF ;+zo x'G5 ToxfF
nf]suLtf– 5
cWofo–!
åGå cjZo x'G5 . eLd / b'of]{wg Ps} k|s[ltsf JolQm x'g\ . b'of]{wgn] eLdnfO{ k|lt:kwL{ b]Vg'
:jfefljs xf] . pgsf b[li6df ch{'g k|lt:kwL{ slxNo} klg lyPgg\ / pgn] c1ft s[i0fsf af/]df
;f]r]sf klg lyPgg\ . cb[Zo zlQm lardf plqP/ cfPkl5 g} ;f/f syf ablnof]Ù gx'g'kg]{ eof] /
x'g'kg]{ ePg . ch{'g tyfslyt g}lts JolQmx¿sf gh/df efUg] s'/f ul//x]sf lyP . l7s To;}a]nf
pgnfO{ >Ls[i0fn] efUgaf6 /f]Sg'eof] . c1ftsf] OR5f JolQmn] hfGg ;Sb}g t/ JolQmn] cfˆgf]
cxd\kgnfO{ Tofu]/ c1ftdf ;dlk{t eof] eg] dfq p;sf] OR5fnfO{ hfGg ;S5 . To; l:yltdf
JolQm ;fwg dfq eP/ a|Xdsf] OR5f g} p;sf] OR5f x'G5 .
t:o ;~hgoGxif{+ s'?j[4M lktfdxM .
l;+xgfb+ ljgBf]Rr}M zÎ+ bWdf} k|tfkjfg\ ..!@..
s'?j+zsf cToGt k|tfkL aof]j[4 eLid lktfdxn] b'of]{wgnfO{ cfglGbt t'Nofpg l;+x uh]{h:t}
u/L cToGt pRr :j/n] cfˆgf] zª\v ahfpg'eof] ..
ttM z◊fZr e]o{Zr k0fjfgsuf]d'vfM .
;x;}jfEoxGoGt ; zAb:t'd'nf]˜ejt\ ..!#..
To;kl5 zÎx¿, 7'nf 7'nf 9f]n, ;fgf 9f]ns, d[bË / gu/f, s/tfn -g/l;+x_ ;a} Ps;fy
ahfOP . lgZro g} Tof] cfjfh jf ;+o'Qm :j/ eoÍ/ eof] ..
k/fqmdzfnL s'?of]4f eLid lktfdxn] b'of]{wgnfO{ k|;Gg kfg{ l;+xgfb ub}{ cToGt pRr
:j/n] cfˆgf] zÎ ahfpg'eof] . sf}/j ;]gfklt eLidåf/f zÎgfb ul/;s]kl5 cGttM cGo
jL/x¿af6 klg zÎ, 9f]n, gu/f Pjd\ l;ª nufot efFtL efFtL jfB klg Ps;fy ahfOP h;sf
sf/0f eoÍ/ Wjlg ;'lgof] / cfˆg} kIfsf jL/x¿sf] Åbodf klg 8/ k}bf eof] .
ttM Zj]t}x{o}o{'Qm] dxlt :oGbg] l:ytf} .
dfwjM kf08jZr}j lbJof} zÎf} k|bWdt'M ..!$..
To;kl5 ;]tf 3f]8f gfl/Psf] ljzfn /ydf a;]sf >Ls[i0f dxf/fh / ch{'gn] klg cf–cfˆgf
lbJo zÎ km'Sg'eof] ..
kf~rhGo+ ÅifLs]zf] b]jbQ+ wg~hoM .
kf}08«+ bWdf} dxfzÎ+ eLdsdf{ j[sf]b/M ..!%..
eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] cfˆgf] kf~rhGo zÎ km'Sg'eof] . ch{'gn] b]jbQ / pu|sd{ ug]{ eLd;]gn]
kf}08« gfdsf] zÎ ahfP ..
cgGtljho+ /fhf s'GtLk'qf] o'lwli7/M .
gs'nM ;xb]jZr ;'3f]ifdl0fk'iksf} ..!^..
s'GtLk'q /fhf o'lwli7/n] cgGtljho gfdsf] zÎ Pjd\ gs'n / ;xb]jn] qmdzM ;'3f]if /
dl0fk'iks gfdsf zÎ ahfP ..
tbgGt/ ;]tf 3f]8f hf]ltPsf] ljzfn /ydf a;]/ eujfg\ >Ls[i0f Pjd\ kf08'k'q ch{'gn] cf–
cfˆgf lbJo zÎ ahfpg'eof] . >Ls[i0fn] kf~rhGo / ch{'gn] b]jbQ gfds lbJo -cnf}lss_ zÎ
ahfpg'eof] . eLdn] kf}08« gfds eLif0f zÎ ahfP h;sf sf/0f ljkIfL jL/x¿df pQm Wjlgn] eo
k}bf uof]{ . s'GtLk'q o'lwli7/n] cgGt ljho gfds zÎ, gs'n Pjd\ ;xb]jn] qmdzM ;'3f]if /
dl0fk'iks gfdsf zÎ ahfP . >Ls[i0fn] ug{'ePsf] zÎgfb c¿ of]4fx¿n] ahfPsf] zª\VfWjlgsf]
k|ltlqmof xf]Og . of] ;j{:jLsfo{ efjsf ;fy k|To'Q/ / r'gf}tLsf] :jLs[lt xf] . eLdn] k|f/Dedf g}

nf]suLtf– 6
 cWofo–!
ahfPsf] eP Tof] sf}/jx¿sf] k|ltlqmof x'GYof] . >Ls[i0f, ch{'g / eLdn] ahfPsf zÎn] cfˆgf
kIfsf jL/x¿ cfXnflbt x'g k'u] . ;j{q k|;Ggtf km}lnof] . of] k/dsf] OR5f / hLjgn] o'4df
nu]sf] :jLs[lt xf] . klxnf] zÎgfb sf}/jsf tkm{af6 eof] . To;}n] o'4sf] k|f/Desf] bfloTj klg
sf}/jsf] g} xf] . o'4sf] :jLs[lt / bfloTj sf}/jsf] ePsfn] klxnf] zÎgfb eLidaf6 ePsf] xf] .
>Ls[i0f o'4 ug{ cfpg' ePsf] xf]Og . pxfF ;f/yLsf] ¿kdf o'4df ;lDdlnt x'g' ePsf] xf] .
>Ls[i0fsf] pkl:yltdf kf08j of] o'4nfO{ k/dfTdfn] lbPsf] cfb]zo'Qm lhDd]jf/L 7fGb5g\ . pgLx¿
>Ls[i0fsf ;fwg / ;xof]uL eP/ n8\g tof/ ePsf 5g\ .
sfZoZr k/d]ijf;M lzv08L r dxf/yM .
w[i6B'Dgf] lj/f6Zr ;fTolsZrfk/flhtM ..!&..
dxfg\ wg'wf{/L sfzL g/]z, dxfg\ of]4f lzv08L, dxf/yL w[i6B'Dg, lj/f6\, ck/fh]o
;fTolsn] klg zª\v ahfP ..
b|'kbf] ›f}kb]ofZr ;j{zM k[lyjLkt] .
;f}e›Zr dxfafx'M zÎfGbWd'M k[ys\ k[ys\ ..!*..
/fhf ›'kb, nfdf nfdf xft ePsf ;'e›fk'q cledGo', ›f}kbLsfk'qx¿ -k|ltljGWo, ;'t;f]d,
>'tsdf{, ztfgLs />'t;]g_ ;a}n] a]Unf a]Un} zÎx¿ ahfP ..
; 3f]iff] wft{/fi6«f0ff+ Åboflg Jobf/ot\ .
geZr k[lyjL+ r}j t'd'nf] Jog'gfbog\ ..!(..
ljleGg zÎWjlgsf sf/0f cfsfz / wtL{ u'lGhof] / w[t/fi6«k'qx¿sf ;fy} pgsf kIfsf ;a}
;}GozlQmsf] Åbo l5ofl5of eof] ..
cy Jojl:ytfGb[i6\jf wft{/fi6«fg\ slkWjhM .
k|j[Q] z:q;Dkft] wg'?BDo kf08jM ..@)..
ÅifLs]z+ tbf jfSoldbdfx dxLkt] .
x] /fhg\ Û o;kl5 xg'dfg\sf] lrq clÍt /ydf r9L wg' p7fP/ xfGg tdtof/ ePsf ch{'gn]
Jojl:yt 9Ën] cfˆgf] ;}Go df]rf{df w[t/fi6«k'qx¿nfO{ plePsf] b]v]/ eujfg\ >Ls[i0fnfO{ oL s'/fx¿
eg] ..
ch{'g pjfr
;]gof]?eof]d{Wo] /y+ :yfko d]˜Ro't ..@!..
ofjb]tflGg/LIf]˜x+ of]b\w'sfdfgjl:ytfg\ .
s}d{of ;x of]4Jodl:dG/0f;d'Bd] ..@@..
ch{'gn] eg]– x] cRo't Û b'j} ;}Go df]rf{sf lardf nu]/ of] /y c8\ofpg'xf];\ . ToxfF d}n] s;–
s;;Fu o'4 ug{'k5{, ;‹if{ d}bfgdf e]nf ePsf o'4fsfª\IfL oL ljkIfL of]4fx¿nfO{ / ToxfF s;s;;Fu
o'4 ug{of]Uo 5 Tof] /fd|/L gx]/];Dd /ynfO{ /f]ls/fVg'xf];\ ..
x] /fhg\ Û xg'dfGf\sf] lrq clÍt emG8f ePsf] /ydf a;]/ o'4sf nflu ch{'gn] cfˆgf] af0f
p7fP/ 5f]8\g tof/ ePsf] cj:yfdf ;}lgs Jo"xsf ;fd'Gg] Pslqt ePsf w[t/fi6«k'q b'of]{wg kIfsf
;}lgsx¿nfO{ b]v]/ eujfg\ >Ls[i0f;Fu ch{'gn] laGtL u/]– x] cRo't Û d]/f] of] /y b'j} ;}GoJo"xsf
lardf nu]/ c8\ofpg'xf];\ . d of] dxfg\ o'4df sf}/j kIfsf s;;Fu n8\g'kg]{ xf] Tof] /fd|/L
cjnf]sg ug{ rfxG5' . ch{'g cfkm"n] s;;Fu o'4 ug{'kg]{ xf] Tof] x]g{ rfxG5g\ / /0fe"lddf cfkm"nfO{
v8f ul/lbg >Ls[i0f;Fu cfu|x u5{g\ . ch{'gsf nflu o'4 c1ftaf6 cfOk/]sf] bfloTj xf] .
nf]suLtf– 7
cWofo–!
ch{'gleqsf] k'sf/ eLd, b'of]{wgsf] h:tf] geP/ jf:tljs k'sf/ xf] . zflGtk"0f{ ;dembf/L gePkl5
/ >Ls[i0fsf] zflGt k|:tfjnfO{ b'of]{wgn] nTofPkl5 g} o'4sf] afWotf cfOk/]sf] xf] . ;fdfGotM o'4
cfsfª\IfLx¿ hf];'s} b'Zdg eP klg ljgf lxrlsrfx6 o'4df xf]ldg rfxG5g\ / zq'nfO{ ;dfKt kfg{
rfxG5g\ t/ ch{'g o'4fsfª\IfL xf]Ogg\ . To;}n] t pgL s;–s;;Fu n8\g' kg]{ xf], Tof] x]g{ rfxG5g\ .
h;;Fu n8\g'kg]{ xf] To;nfO{ lrGg' o'4sf] klxnf] lgod xf] . leq jf aflx/ h:tf];'s} o'4 jf
zq' eP klg To;sf] klxrfg ug{' klxnf] sbd xf] . o'4df zq'nfO{ /fd|/L lrGg ;Sg] JolQmn] g} o'4
lhTg ;S5 . h;n] zq'sf] klxrfg ug{ ;Sb}g To:tf o'4lkkf;'n] o'4 lhTg ;Sb}gg\ lsgeg] o'4
cft'/tfsf sf/0f p;n] zq'sf] klxrfg l7s;Fu u/]sf] x'Fb}g . To;}n] cGttM o'4df p;sf] xf/ x'G5 .
o'4sf] ;'?df zflGt / ;fIfLsf] efj rflxG5 . ch{'g ;fIfL x'g rfxG5g\ . o'4 lhTg lg/LIf0f klxnf]
cfjZos sbd / ;"q xf] . xfdLn] klg leqsf] sfd, qmf]w, nf]e, df]x, db, dfT;o{ cflb if8\zq';Fu
n8\g' 5 ;fy} aflx/ klg s;–s;;Fu n8\g'kg]{ xf] Tof] hfGg h?/L x'G5 .
uLtfsf] cEo'bosf nflu /Ëd~r tof/ x'Fb} 5 lsgeg] ch{'gn] lg/LIf0f ug{ nfUg'sf] cy{
n8fOFdf d'l:sn cfpg' xf] . lg/LIf0fsf] ;"q hfGg] JolQmn] dfq a'‰g ;S5 ls ch{'g ca cGof]ndf
5g\ . lg/LIf0f u/]kl5 o'4 slt a]sf/ / Joy{ 5 eGg] yfxf x'G5 . To;}n] leq klg lg/LIf0f ul/of]
eg] sfd, qmf]w, nf]e, df]x, db, dfT;o{ cflb 5 zq'x¿ g} a]sf/ nfU5g\ . cfˆgf] lrQnfO{ ch{'g
;kmf kfg{ vf]Hb} 5g\ . t;y{ ch{'gnfO{ o'4sf] cft'/tf 5}g . ch{'g ljrf/zLn JolQm x'g\ o'4fsfª\IfL
xf]Ogg\ . o'4 t b'of]{wg, eLd cflb h:tf ljrf/xLg JolQmn] jf >Ls[i0f h:tf cnf}lss ljrf/z"Go
k'?ifn] dfq ug{ ;S5g\ . ljrf/jfg\ / ;+zoL JolQmx¿n] o'4 ug{ ;Sb}gg\ .
ljrf/xLg lrQnfO{ o'4 :jfefljs x'G5 . ljrf/ hlxn] klg åGådo x'G5 . To;}n] ;+;f/df
ljrf/ u/]/ sf]xL o'4df plqFb}gg\ . ljrf/ g} ;a} s'/fsf] Joy{tf xf] eg]/ ;f]r]df cGttM ljrf/sf]
klg Joy{tf hflgG5 / JolQm ljrf/z"Go x'g ;S5 . ch{'g h'g ljrf/sf] cj:yfdf 5g\ ToxfFaf6
o'4df hfg ;Dej 5}g . ch{'gnfO{ o'4df plqgsf nflu ljrf/xLgtfsf] cj:yf hxfF b'of]{wg /
eLdx¿ 5g\ ToxfF k'Ug'k5{ clg o'4 ;Dej x'G5 of lglj{rf/sf] cj:yf hxfF >Ls[i0f x'g'x'G5 ToxfF
k'Ug'k5{ clg o'4 Pp6f v]n / k/dfTdfsf] OR5fg';f/ ug]{ dfWod dfq x'G5 .
of]T:odfgfgj]If]˜x+ o Pt]˜q ;dfutfM .
wft{/fi6«:o b'a{'4]o{'4] lk|olrsLif{jM ..@#..
ch{'gn] eg]– b'a{'l4n] el/Psf] b'of]{wgsf] sNof0fsf nflu eg]/ hf] hf] oxfF xfd|f lj?4 o'4
ug{ cfPsf 5g\ ltgLx¿nfO{ d x]g{ rfxG5' ..
;~ho pjfr
Pjd'Qmf] ÅifLs]zf] u'8fs]z]g ef/t .
;]gof]?eof]d{Wo] :yfkloTjf /yf]Qdd\ ..@$..
;~hon] dxf/fh w[t/fi6«;uF eg]– x] ef/t Û o;k|sf/ ch{'gsf] cfu|x cg';f/ eujfg\
>Ls[i0fn] b'j}y/L ;]gfsf lardf nu]/ Tof] ljlzi6 /y c8\ofpg'eof] ..
eLid›f]0fk|d'vtM ;j]{iff+ r dxLlIftfd\ .
pjfr kfy{ kZo}tfG;dj]tfGs'¿lglt ..@%..
eLid, ›f]0f nufot ;+;f/el/sf o'4sf nflu Pslqt sf}/j ;]gfsf ;fd' /y c8\ofP/
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– x] ch{'g Û o'4sf lglDt Pslqt ;}GozlQmnfO{ x]/ ..

nf]suLtf– 8
 cWofo–!
tqfkZolT:ytfg\ kfy{M lktgy lktfdxfg\ .
cfrfof{Gdft'nfGe|ftGk'qfGkf}qfG;vL+:tyf ..@^..
ch{'gn] To; o'4d}bfgdf cfˆgf afa'x¿ -afa' kg]{ of afa'sf ;dsfnLg e"l/>jf_, afh]x¿
-eLid lktfdx cflb_, u'?x¿ -›f]0ffrfo{, s[kfrfo{ cflb_, dfdfx¿ -zNo, zs'lg cflb_, efOx¿
-;Dk"0f{ w[t/fi6«k'q nufot_, 5f]/fx¿ -b'of]{wgk'q nId0f cflb_, gfltx¿, ldqx¿ -cZjTyfdf nufot_
nfO{ b]v] ..
Zjz'/fG;'ÅbZr}j ;]gof]?eof]/lk .
tfG;dLIo ; sf}Gt]oM ;jf{GaGw"gjl:ytfg\ ..@& ..
ch{'gn] ToxfF ;;'/fx¿, ;djo:s cfTdLo z'elrGtsx¿ ;d]t o'4sf lglDt b'j} ;}GoJo"xdf
v8f ePsf b]v] .
s[kof k/oflji6f] ljifLblGgbda|jLt\ .
tL ;f/f cfkmGtnfO{ b]Vbf bofn] cflje{"t eP/ lrGtf ub}{ ch{'gn] eg] ..
ch{'g pjfr
b[i6\j]d+ :jhg+ s[i0f o'o'T;'+ ;d'kl:ytd\ ..@*..
;LblGt dd ufqfl0f d'v+ r kl/z'iolt .
j]ky'Zr z/L/] d] /f]dxif{Zr hfot] ..@(..
o'4If]qdf oL ;Dk"0f{ cfkmGtx¿nfO{ b]Vbf d]/f] z/L/sf cËx¿ un]sf 5g\, d'v klg ;'s]sf] /
z/L/ sfld/x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L z/L/df /f]df~r eO/x]sf] 5 ..
o'4sf lglDt tTk/ ;Dk"0f{ aGw'afGwjnfO{ b]Vbf ch{'gsf dgdf tL cfkmGt hgk|lt bof
hfUof] . lvGg eP/ pgn] eujfg\ >Ls[i0f;Fu eg]– x] s[i0f Û o'4sf] tLj| OR5fn] clek|]l/t oL ;Dk"0f{
cfTdLo ;DaGwL hgx¿nfO{ b]v]/ d]/f] z/L/ lzlyn eO/x]sf] 5, z/L/sf cËx¿ sfld/x]sf 5g\ /
d'v ;'ls/x]sf] 5 . eo Pjd\ b'vsf sf/0f ljXjntf k}bf eO/x]sf] 5 . ch{'g o'4af6 kLl8t 5}gg\ /
o'4lj/f]wL klg xf]Ogg\ . hLjgdf pgn] k|fKt u/]sf z:qf:q;DaGwL lzIff lx+;f / o'4sf nflu x'g\
t/ lx+;|s JolQm ddTjn] el/Psf] x'G5 . clx+;|s lrQ ddTjeGbf aflx/ x'G5 . d]/f] efj g} lx+;f
xf] . d]/f] eGg]lalQs} ToxfF sf]xL csf]{ klg x'G5 . ldq eGg]lalQs} zq' klg pTkGg x'G5 . cfkmGtdf
k/fO{sf] ;Ldf klg lvFlrPsf] x'G5 . ;d:t lx+;f cfˆgf] / k/fO{sf] larsf] /]vfaf6 pTkGg x'G5 .
To;}n] ch{'gsf] ufy lzlyn eof] . pgL o;/L lzlyn x'g' cfkmGt;Fusf] o'4sf ;Defjgfsf sf/0fn]]
xf] . pgL clx+;|s eP/ jf pgdf s'g} j}rfl/s 1fg jf ¿kfGt/0f eP/ xf]Og . pgnfO{ lx+;fsf] g}
bf];|f] sf]0f ddTjn] kS|of] lsgeg] ddTj klg lx+;fsf] csf]{ ¿k xf] .
uLtf a'‰gsf nflu ddTjsf af/]df hfGg cToGt h?/L x'G5, cGoyf ;a}nfO{ ch{'g
clx+;flt/ nfUg vf]Hb} 5g\ t/ >Ls[i0f pgnfO{ lx+;fdf ptfg{ vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 eGg] nfUg ;S5 .
clx+;|snfO{ lx+;|s agfpg s[i0f rfxg'x'Gg / Tof] ;Dej klg 5}g . ch{'g clx+;|s xf]Ogg\, s]jn
ddTjlt/ em's]sf dfq x'g\ . ch{'gsf] ddTj lx+;fsf] ulx/f] cfwf/ xf] . cfkmGt of ;DalGwt hg
o'4sf lglDt v8f gePsf eP ch{'g ltgLx¿ ;a}nfO{ e“]8fafv|f sf6]em}+“ sf6\g] lyP . pgsf] ufy
lzlyn x'gfsf] sf/0f cfkmGthg o'4sf lglDt v8f ePsfn] xf] . ch{'gsf] of] ;Í6u|:t cj:yf
pgdf clx+;fsf] efj ljsl;t eP/ xf]Og of] lx+;fsf] d"n cfwf/ ddTjdf k'u]/ g} ePsf] xf] .
cfkmGt;Fu o'4 n8\g'kg]{ ePsfn] pgL ;Í6u|:t ePsf x'g\ . cfTdLo ;DaGwL hg gePsf eP pgL
lx++;|s eP/ zq'nfO{ lu8\g lxrlsrfpFb}gy] . k/fO{sf ;fydf o'4 ug{'k/]sf] eP pgsf] ufy lzlyn
nf]suLtf– 9
cWofo–!
x'Fb}gYof] / pgL emg\ anzfnL / k|km'lNnt eP/ o'4 uy]{ t/ ;Í6sf If0fdf pgdf ddTj b]lvof] .
;fdfGo If0fdf xfd|f] Åbosf] cGt:tn b]lvFb}g t/ c;fwf/0f of ;Í6sf] If0fdf dfq of] lrQj[lQaf/]
yfxf x'G5 . ch{'gnfO{ d]/f] dfG5] eGg] ddTjn] ;tfof] . ch{'g ;+zoL ePsfn] b'lawfdf k/] / pgdf
cg]sf}+ k|Zg hlGdP . ch{'gn] o'4 / lx+;f Joy{ xf] eg]sf] eP uLtfh:tf] dxfg\ cfWoflTds bz{g
dfgj lxtsf nflu k|fKt x'g] lyPg . o'4df xf]ldPkl5 cfˆgf ;DaGwL hgx¿nfO{ klg sf6\g'kg]{
ljrf/n] g} pgsf] cË lzlyn ePsf] xf] . To;}n] xfdLn] uLtf h:tf] cnf}lss u|Gy kfpg ;s]sf
xf}+ .
cGo JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf zAbn] ;++j]bgf lbP k'U5 To;n] leq 5'Fb}g t/ 3/df s;}sf] d[To'
eof] eg] ÅbonfO{ 5'G5 / xfdL klg Ps lx:;f d5f}{+ . kTgLsf] d[To' ePdf kltsf] klg Ps lx:;f
d5{ cyf{t\ kTgL x'Fbf dfq kltsf] cl:tTj x'G5 . ;Gtfg hlGdFbf cfdf klg hlGdlG5g\ . To;}n] 5f]/f
jf 5f]/L dbf{ cfdfsf] Ps lx:;f db{5 . c¿nfO{ dfbf{ ch{'gnfO{ o:tf] cg'ej slxNo} ePg t/ ca
cfkmGthg dg]{ s'/fn] pgnfO{ cTofof] . ;a} cfˆgf d/] eg] cfkm" afFr]/ klg s] ug]{ eGg] efj
pgdf k|s6 eof] . d]/f], xfd|f] cfkmGtx¿sf] hf]8sf] gfd xf] . ch{'gdf of] cfˆgf] eGg] efj ljsl;t
ePsfn] pgnfO{ cfTd3ft u/] h:tf] nfUof] . cfkmGt ;a} d/]kl5 cfkm" x'g' of afFRg'sf] s'g} cy{
g/xg] dx;'; eof] . xfdL klg 3/ cfˆgf nflu sd / c¿sf nflu Hofbf agfpF5f“}+ . k|z+;f / O{iof{
ug]{ JolQmx¿ g} /x]gg\ eg] Tof] dxn h:tf] ejg klg em'k8Lh:t} x'G5 .
ch{'gnfO{ o'4sf If0fdf b'j}lt/ cfˆgf ;DaGwL hg dfq ePsf] cg'e"lt eof] . t;y{ lhtdf
pgnfO{ s'g} k|of]hg nfu]g / ;fd|fHo kfpg'sf] klg s]xL cy{ nfu]g . ch{'gsf] dg ddTjsf]
ljiffbn] 3]l/of] . of] ljiffb lx+;|s lrQsf] ePsfn] s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ 7'nf] wSsf lbg'k¥of] .
dxfjL/h:tf JolQm ePsf] eP s[i0fn] s]xL klg eGg' x'Gy]g . uLtf >Ls[i0fn] sd / ch{'gn] Hofbf
k|Zgf]Q/df ;do vlr{Psf] u|Gy xf] . uLtf k|fb'ef{j x'g'df s[i0fsf] dfq xf]Og ch{'gsf] klg plQs}
e"ldsf 5 . pgsf]] lx+;fu|:t lrQbzfsf sf/0f pgL o'4af6 efUg rfxG5g\ . ch{'gsf] dgdf pTkGg
b'lawf lx+;fu|:t dflg;sf] lx+;faf6 efUg] b'lawf xf] . ddTj ulx/f] lx+;f xf] . d]/f] eGg] lalQs}
cxd\kg of ddTj ;'? x'G5 . ha xfdL s'g} JolQmsf] dflns x'G5f“}+, ta To; JolQmsf] :jtGqtf
xgg u5f}{+ . xfdLn] To; JolQm;Fu j:t' h:t} Jojxf/ u5f{}+“ . o:tf] ;DaGwdf k|]d geO{ lx+;f / O{iof{
kmlnt x'G5 / of] g} d}qLsf] ljgfz x'g'sf ;fy} 3[0ff / lx+;fsf] efj xf] . ch{'gsf] clx+;fsf] s'/f
em'6f] xf] . pgdf pTkGg ePsf] efj clx+;|s eOlbPsf] eP >Ls[i0fn] tTsfn pgnfO{ cfzLjf{b
lbg'x'GYof] t/ >Ls[i0fn] ch{'g lx+;fu|:t eP/ ddTjsf] s'/f u/]sf] b]lv/xg'' ePsf] 5 .
ch{'gnfO{ dfq lsg ljiffb eof] c¿ klg lx+;f / ddTjn] el/Psf JolQmnfO{ lsg ljiffb
ePg . lx+;f / ddTjdf ;a} cGwf / ljrf/xLg x'G5g\ . ch{'g ljrf/zLn 5g\ To;}n] pgnfO{
ljrf/n] b'lawf lb“b} 5 t/ b'of]{wg ljrf/xLg / leqL ¿kdf cGwf klg 5g\ . pgL lx+;fu|:t ePsfn]
cfkm"åf/f dfl/g]x¿ b]lv/x]sf 5}gg\ t/ ch{'g ;+zoL ePsfn] pgL To; o'4df ljz]if 5g\ . hLjgsf]
tof/L t ch{'gsf] klg b'of]{wgsf] h:t} 5 t/ dgsf] tof/L eg] b'of]{wgsf] eGbf leGg 5 . ljrf/
;Gb]xsf sf/0f pgdf lh1f;f 5 . olb b'vb kl/l:yltdf JolQm si6af6 kf/ ePdf k/dfTdfdf k'Ug
;S5 / olb kf/ x'g g;s] p;sf] JolQmTj b'O{ lx:;fdf 6'6\5 . ch'{g l7s oxL cj:yfdf 5g\ .
b'of]{wgsf nflu o'4df /; 5 . ch{'g h''g l:yltdf 5g\ To; l:yltdf ls t pgL efUg] 5g\ of t
a]dgn] n8]/ xfg]{ 5g\ . ch{'g ls t ljrf/xLg eP/ b'of]{wgsf] w/ftndf k''u]/ dfg{df /; lnP/

nf]suLtf– 10
 cWofo–!
o'4df xf]ldg] 5g\ of t lglj{rf/ eP/ >Ls[i0fsf] cj:yfdf k'uL ;a} v]n xf] eGg] ;f]r]/ kf/ x''g
;Sg] 5g\ .
o; o'4df o'lwli7/ h:tf] JolQmnfO{ klg ljiffb ePsf] 5}g . c;n dflg; gePsfn]
b'of]{wgnfO{ ljiffb gePsf] dfGg ;lsPnf t/ o'lwli7/ h:tf] wfld{s JolQmnfO{ klg ljiffb ePsf]
5}g . v/fa JolQm klg ?l9jfbL wfld{s JolQmeGbf c;n x'g ;S5g\ . v/fa JolQmnfO{ cfh geP
ef]ln cfkm" v/fa ePsf] dx;'; x'g ;S5 t/ o:tf] tyfslyt wfld{s JolQm hf] cfkm" wfld{s ePsf]
dfGotf af]s]/ lxF8\5 p;nfO{ ljiffb x'g ;Sb}g . o'lwli7/ cfkm" wfld{s ePsf]df cfZj:t 5g\ . pgL
¿9LjfbL cfl:ts x'g\ .
Ps k|sf/sf pbf/ wfld{s JolQm x'G5g\ h;sf] wd{ ctLtsf] pwf/f]af6 cfpF5 / csf{y/L
cfGtl/s qmflGtaf6 wfld{s x'G5g\ . ch{'g cfGtl/s qmflGtsf] 9f]sfdf plePsf wfld{s JolQm x'g\ .
o'lwli7/ ctLtaf6 wfld{s JolQm ePsf] x'Fbf gLltdf ug{ ldNg] s'/f pgnfO{ ;a} l7s nfU5 . To;}n]
o'4df klg pgnfO{ kL8f x'Fb}g . cfTdfg'e"lt ljgf lbglbg} dlGb/df hfg], kf7 ug]{ tyfslyt wfld{s
JolQm o'lwli7/ h:tf x'G5g\ . pgL ctLtaf6 k|fKt wd{sf w/f]x/ x'g\ . o:tf wfld{s JolQm wd{ /
cwd{sf lar tfnd]n vf]H5g\ . ?l9jfbL wfld{s JolQmeGbf gfl:ts JolQm a]; x'g ;S5 lsgeg]
gfl:ts JolQm cfl:tstfsf] vf]hdf t /xG5 . ch{'g Pp6f k|fdfl0fs JolQm x'g\ . pgsf] k|fdfl0fstf
pgLleqsf] lrGtf xf] . pgL h'g l:yltdf 5g\ To;;Fu pgL /fhL x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\≤ ToxL pgsf]
ljiffb xf] . ljiffbdf pknJw ePsf JolQm wGo 5g\ lsgeg] ljiffbdf ePsf JolQmn] dfu{ vf]Hg'k5{ .
ljiffb gx''g] JolQmx¿ cefuL x''g\ . ljiffb gePsf JolQmn] cfgGb k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . To;}n] ljiffb
of]u cfgGb hlGdg] k|lqmof xf] .
hd{gsf k|l;4 ljrf/s k|m]l8«s lgT;] (Friedrich Nietzsche) eG5g\– dg'io b'O{ cnu cnu
cj:yfx¿nfO{ hf]8\g] ;]t' xf] . dg'io Pp6f la;f}gL xf] of t pm kz' x'g ;S5 of t k/dfTdf eP/
cfgGb k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . ha;Dd dg'io 5, ta;Dd ;''v / cfgGb k|fKt gu/L pm lardf dfq
x'G5 . ch{'g dg'iosf k|tLs ePsfn] pgL lardf 5g\ . kz' slxNo} ljlIfKt, kfun jf clg›fsf]
l;sf/ x'Fb}g . dflg; tn em/]/ kz'sf] ;'v k|fKt ug{ vf]H5 . To;}n] dlb/f sfdjf;gfdf Ifl0fs
;'v vf]H5 . b'of]{wg kz'sf k|tLs x'g\ eg] ch{'g dfgjsf / >Ls[i0f k/dfTdfsf k|tLs x'g'x'G5 .
o'4:yndf oL tLg k|tLsx¿ pknAw 5g\ . ch{'g b'of]{wg / s[i0fsf lardf cGof]nsf] cj:yfdf
5g\ . ch{'gsf] ;d:of pgL b'of]{wg x'g ;Sb}gg\ / s[i0f x'g] k|of; ul//x]sf 5}gg\ .
csa/n] kmQ]k'/df k'n agfpFbf ToxfF Pp6f jfSo n]v]sf 5g\– æ;]t' kf/ ug{sf nflu xf],
lgjf;sf nflu xf]Og .Æ dg'io Pp6f ;]t' xf] / p;;Fu kz' of k/dfTdf x''g] b'O{ ljsNkx¿ 5Gf\ .
dg''io ljgf p2]Zo k]08'nd h:t} oL b'O{ lardf xlNn/xG5 . qmf]wdf ToxL JolQm kz't'No / zflGtdf
k/dfTdfsf] glhs x'G5 . xfdL lbgel/ s}of“}k6s gs{ / :ju{sf] ofqf u5f}{+ . knkndf gs{df k'u]/
k5'tfpF5f}+“ / :ju{sf] r]i6f ;'? u5f}{+ . ha :ju{ k'U5f}F ta s]xL If0fdf g} :ju{ 5'6\g yfN5 clg k''gM
tgfj pTkGg x'G5 . tgfjn] ;bf ljk/Ltdf cfsif{0f k}bf u5{ . ch{'gsf] ;ª\3if{ klg kz' / k/dfTdf
lar /xg'df 5 . b'of]{wg lglZrGt 5g\ pgdf s'g} b'lawf 5}g . dg'io;Fu dfq k/dfTdf x'g]
;Defjgf 5 . ch{'g kz' x'g rfxFb}gg\ / k/dfTdf aGg] af6f] pgnfO{ yfxf 5}g t/ leq k/dfTdf x'g]
rfxgfn] ubf{ pgL k|Zgx¿ p7fO/x]sf 5g\ .
ch{'gdf af/Daf/ åGåsf] bzf cfpg'' dg'iosf nflu :jfefljs 36gf xf] . åGånfO{ zL3|tfn]
xn ug{ vf]Hg' kz'tflt/ nfUg' xf] . åGå;Fu n8\b} u'lh|g' d"9tf xf] Pjd\ w}o{n] åGånfO{ em]Ng' g}

nf]suLtf– 11
cWofo–!
tk:of xf] . åGånfO{ tk]/, ef]u]/ tyf lgolt dfg]/ afFr]df >4f cfpF5 . ch{'g klg oxL åGåsf]
cj:yfdf 5g\ . ch{'g åGåaf6 aRg] sf]l;; ul//x]sf 5g\ t/ s[i0f cfZj:t gu/L pgnfO{ t8\kfpFb}
x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] pgL af/Daf/ Pp6} k|Zg ;f]lw/x]sf 5g\ . ch{'gsf] åGådo dfgl;stfnfO{ s[i0f
ljZjf; lbnfpg rfxg'x'Gg lsgeg] åGå ;dfKt geO{sg ljZjf; lbnfpg klg ;lsGg . >Ls[i0f
ch''{gnfO{ åGåaf6 u'hf/]/ >4f hufpg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . åGånfO{ lhTg ;s] t];|f] zlQm hlGdG5
lsgeg] åGånfO{ lhTg' g} dg'iosf] k/LIf0f xf] . s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ oxL t];|f] zlQmsf] vf]HfL ug]{ k|of;
u/fpFb} x'g'x'G5 lsgeg] ch{'gsf] c1fg ljgd| 5 . ch{'g ;Gb]xdf ePsf]]n] pgL >Ls[i0fnfO{ k|Zg
;f]Wg'sf ;fy} pko'Qm dfu{sf] vf]hL klg ul//x]sf 5g\ .
uf08Lj+ :q+;t] x:tfŒjSr}j kl/bXot] .
g r zSgf]Doj:yft'+ e|dtLj r d] dgM ..#)..
d]/f] xftaf6 uf08Lj v:b} 5, z/L/ etetL kf]ln/x]sf] 5≤ d]/f] dg e|ldt e}/x]sf] 5 / d
pleg klg ;dy{ 5}g“ ..
ch{'gsf] xftaf6 uf08Lj wg' v:5, pgsf] z/L/ etetL kf]ln/x]sf] 5 . dg e8\lsPsf] 5 /
dg pgsf] jzdf 5}g . o:tf] bLgxLg cj:yfdf k'u]sf ch{'g /ydf c8\g klg c;dy{ ePsf] s'/f
>Ls[i0fnfO{ JoQm ub{5g\ . ch{'gsf cË lzlyn eP/ pgsf] dgn] klg ;fy 5f]8]sf] 5 . pgL wg'if
5'6]/ olt sdhf]/ ePsf 5g\ ls cfkm" /ydf a:g klg ;lSbgF eGb5g\ . z/L/ s]jn xfd|f] lrQsf]
k|ltkmng xf] . leq dgdf h] kmlnt x'G5 Tof] z/L/sf] /f}+“ /f“}+df kmlnt x'G5 . ch{'g h:tf] anzfnL
JolQm crfgs anxLg eP/ /ydf klg a:g g;Sg] eP . pgsf] dg IfL0f / b'a{n eP/ v08–
v08df ljeflht eof] . dg ljeflht x'g] lalQs} z/L/ ?U0f x'G5 / dg ;+o'Qm x'g]lalQs} z/L/ klg
:j:y x'G5 . pgsf] wg'if 5'6\g', xftkfp sfFKg', /f}+“ /f“}+ v8f x'g' oL ;a} pgsf] z/L/df dgsf] 5fof
k/]sf] ;Í]t xf] .
ch{'gsf] dgdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g / cfGtl/s b'lawfsf sf/0f aflx/ klg pgdf kl/jt{g
b]lvPsf] 5 . o:t} ch{'gsf] z/L/df b]lvPsf] kl/jt{g klg pgsf] dgdf plAhPsf] b'lawfsf] k|efj g}
xf] . xfd|f] hLjgdf dgaf6 g} clwstd sDkg z/L/;Dd k'U5 . z/L/af6 t s]xL dfq dg;Dd k'U5
t/ xfdL dgsf] xf]Og z/L/sf] Hofbf lkmqmL u5f}{+ . >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gsf] z/L/sf] lrGtf gu/L ch{'gsf]
dgnfO{ abNg] k|of; ug{'x'G5 . hut\df ls t dg'iosf] z/L/nfO{ abNg] of r]tgfnfO{ abNg] b''O{
k|lqmofx¿ dfq 5g\ . lj1fgn] dg'iosf] z/L/nfO{ abNg] k|lqmofdf Wofg lbG5 eg] wd{n] dg'iosf]
r]tgfnfO{ abNg] k|lqmofdf Wofg lbG5 . wd{ / lj1fgdf oxL e]b x'G5 . wd{ lj1fgeGbf dxflj1fg
cem k/dlj1fg xf] lsgeg] wd{n] s]G›af6 ofqf ;'? u5{ . Pp6f j[Ifsf] kftdf ePsf] xflg jf bfu
h/f;Dd k'Ub}g t/ h/fdf ePsf] xflgn] kftnfO{ cjZo k|efljt kf5{ .
>Ls[i0fn] ch{'gsf] cj:yf b]v]/ pgsf] zf/Ll/s pkrf/ ug{ vf]Hg'ePsf] eP uLtf bz{g jf
ef}ltszf:q x'GYof] t/ pxfF ch{'gsf] ;d:of dgaf6 xn ug]{ k|of; ug{'x'G5 . To;}n] uLtf
dg;\zf:q aGof] . s[i0f o; cj:yfdf ch{'gsf] z/L/nfO{ Wofg} lbg'x'Gg . pxfF ch{'gsf] r]tgfdf
ePsf] cj:yfsf] dfq lrGtf ug{'x'G5 . cfhsf] cj:yf l7s ch{'gsf] cj:yf h:t} 5 . cfh xfdL
z/L/sf] pkrf/ ug{ vf]H5f}+“ t/ r]tgfdf Wofg lbFb}gf“}+ . To;}n] pko'Qm pkrf/ x'g} ;s]sf] 5}g .
ch{'g eG5g\– cfˆg} dgn] ;fy lbg 5f8]sfn] d lans'n lg/Lx ePsf] 5' . an b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5–
Pp6f z/L/sf] df+;k]zLdf x'g] an / csf]{ ;ª\sNk zlQmn] k|fKt x'g] an . ch{'gsf] df+;k]zLaf6
k|fKt an t o'4sf a]nf s'g} sfdsf] geP/ lga{n eof] . t;y{ ;ÍNkaf6 k|fKt x'g] an g} ;xL an

nf]suLtf– 12
 cWofo–!
xf] . ch{'gsf] ;ÍNkaf6 k|fKt x'g] an k"/} ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . ;ª\sNk dgaf6 k|fKt x'G5 / dg
b'lawfdf x'Fbf ;ª\sNk vl08t x'G5 . dg Psfu| x'Fbf ;ª\sNk ;+o'Qm x'G5 / dg b'lawfdf eP
;ª\sNk IfL0f x'G5 . xfdLx¿sf] cj:yf klg ch{'gsf] h:t} 5 . xfd|f] ;ª\sNk vl08t 5 . To;}n] s]
u¿F, s] gu¿F eGg] b'lawfdf xfdL ;b}j x''G5f}+“ . ch{'gsf] cj:yf k|To]s dg'iosf] cj:yf xf] .
uLtf cb\e't / ljlzi6 u|Gy xf] lsgeg] uLtf wd{zf:qsf ;fy} dg;\zf:q klg xf] . o;df
bfz{lgs ts{ / O{Zj/;DaGwL egfO dfq geO{ oxfF dgsf] klg ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 . uLtf dg'io
hfltsf] klxnf] dgf]lj1fg xf] To;}n] uLtf cd"No 5 . cf]zf]sf cg';f/ >Ls[i0f ;+;f/s} k|yd
dgf]j}1flgs tyf dgf]lj1fgsf lktf x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] b'lawfu|:t lrQ, ;Gtfku|:t dg, v08–
v08df 6'6]sf] ;ÍNknfO{ cv08 jf PsLs[t ug]{ sfo{ ug{'ePsf] 5 . dgf]ljZn]if0fsf] pkof]u ug]{
pxfF g} k|yd k''?if x''g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f k|mfo8 h:tf] dgf]ljZn]ifs dfq xf]Og pxfF t dgf];+Zn]ifs klg
x'g'x'G5 . pxfF dgsf slt v08 5g\ eGg] vf]h dfq gu/L dgnfO{ s;/L cv08 agfpg] eGg] ljlw
klg atfpg'x'G5 . ch{'gsf] dgsf] bzf k|To]s dg'iosf] dgsf] bzf xf] .
ch{'gnfO{ ;Í6sf] 38Ldf dg;Fu tfnd]n ug{ klg sl7g x'g] lalQs} pgn] cfˆgf] wg'ifaf0f
5f]l8lbP / anxLg eP . xfd|f] hLjgdf o;k|sf/sf] ;Í6sf] 36gf gcfPsfn] xfdL tfnd]n u/L
sfddf ;+nUg eO/xG5f}+ / d[To' slxn] cfpF5 yfxf klg kfpFb}gf}+ . t;y{ clGtd 38Ldf kZrfQfk
ug{'l;jfo xfdL c¿ s]xL hfGb}gf}+ . ch{'gsf] hLjgdf klg o:t} b''lawfsf] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . pgL
o:tf] cj:yfdf 5g\ hxfF pgn] s]xL g s]xL ug}{kg]{ x'G5 . pgn] ls t o''4 ug''{kg]{ x''G5 of t efu]/
hfg'kg]{ x'G5 h:tf] ls clwst/ JolQmx¿ ;Í6sf] r'gf}tL :jLsf/ gu/L efU5g\ . oxfF >Ls[i0fn]
ch{'gnfO{ Tof] efUg] af6f] lbg'ePg lsgeg] euf}8fn] slxNo} k/dfTdf kfpg ;Sb}g . of] hLjgsf]
;To;Fu hf] efU5g\ pgLx¿ slxNo} k/dfTdf;dIf k'Ug ;Sb}gg\ . hLjgsf r'gf}tLx¿;Fu hf]
;fIffTsf/ ug{ ;Sb}gg\ pgLx¿ k/dfTdfsf] ;fIffTsf/ klg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . hLjgsf r'gf}tL b]v]/
wg'ifjf0f 5f]8\g], lga{n x'g] Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{ ufy lzlyn x'g] JolQm k/dfTdf;dIf v8f x'g klg ;Sb}g .
hLjg Tof] lj/f6\ ;Tosf] ;fIffTsf/ ug]{ tof/L xf] . ch{'g t hLjgsf] Pp6f tYoaf6 g}
efUg vf]Hb} 5g\ . pgL;Fu /ydf r9\g] zlQm klg 5}g . pgL lgjLo{ ePsf 5g\≤ >Ls[i0fn] pgnfO{
hËnlt/ efu eGg'ePsf] eP pgL tTsfn bf}l8P/ efUg ;Sy] . hf] JolQm hLjg;Fu n8\g] zlQm
/fVb}g p;n] efUg] tof/L g} u5{ . ch{'gdf ;fdYo{sf] sdL klg b]lvFb}g, pgL hËn uP eg] klg
s]xL a]/df g} lg/fz x'G5g\ lsgeg] pgsf] :jefj efUg] vfnsf] 5}g . dg'io ;a}af6 efUg ;S5 t/
cfkm";Fu slxNo} efUg ;Sb}g . ch{'g t hËndf klg kz'kG5Lsf] lzsf/ ug{ yfN5g\ lsgeg] tL
kz'kG5L pgsf cfkmGt xf]Ogg\ . ltgLx¿ pgsf ;DaGwLhg gePsfn] ltgLx¿nfO{ dfg{ ch{'gnfO{
s'g} sl7gfO x'g] 5}g . hf] ;+;f/L x'g] lxDdt /fVb}g pm ;GGof;L x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] ch'{gnfO{
;GGof;L x''g klg sl7g 5 . ;GGof; ;+;f/af6 efUg] geO{ ;+;f/af6 kf/ kfpg] snf xf] ;fy} of]
;+;f/sf] hngsf] cltqmd0f klg xf] . ;GGof; ;+;f/sf ;a} ;‹if{ / 1fg Pjd\ hfgsf/Lsf] kmn xf] .
;Dk"0f{ uLtf ch{'gsf] ufysf] lzlyntf x6fP/ pgnfO{ k'gM ;ÍNkjfg\ / ljlzi6 1fg;lxt b[9
cfTdljZjf;L agfpg] r]i6f xf] .
lgldQflg r kZofld ljk/Ltflg s]zj .
g r >]of]˜g'kZofld xTjf :jhgdfxj] ..#!..
x] s]zj Û d ljk/Lt nIf0fx¿ dfq b]lv/x]sf] 5' . d]/f cfkmGt hgx¿nfO{ o'4df df/]/ d
cfˆgf] sNof0f b]lVbg“ ..

nf]suLtf– 13
cWofo–!
g sfª\If] ljho+ s[i0f g r /fHo+ ;'vflg r .
ls+ gf] /fHo]g uf]ljGb ls+ ef]u}hL{ljt]g jf ..#@..
x] s[i0f Û ddf ljhosf] cfsfª\Iff 5}g g t ljhokZrft\ k|fKt x'g] /fHo / ;'vsf] g} nfn;f
5 . x] uf]ljGb Û cfkmGtnfO{ df/]/ k|fKt x'g] /fHo Pjd\ To;sf] ef]u / To;/L hLljt /xg'af6
xfdLnfO{ s] nfe x'G5 / Û
x] s]zj Û d t s]jn cdËn;"rs ljk/Lt b]lv/x]sf] 5' . o'4df ;DalGwt hgx¿nfO{ df/]/
s'g} sNof0f b]lVbgF . d ljho Pjd\ /fHo cyjf ljz]if ;'v rfxGgF . cfkmGt hgnfO{ df/]/ k|fKt x'g]
/fHo, /fHod"ns ef]u tyf hLjgsf] s'g} k|of]hg 5}g . ch{'g ;;t{ s'/f ub}{ 5g\ . pgL ;'vsf]
e|daf6 d'Qm ePsf 5}gg\ . To;}n] t pgL eGb} 5g\– cfkmGt hgnfO{ df/]/ hf] ;'v k|fKt x'G5 o:tf]
;'vsf] s'g} k|of]hg 5}g / d Tof] rfxGgF . t/ olb cfkmGthg afx]s cGo zq'x¿nfO{ ;dfKt kf/]/
k|fKt x'g] /fHo jf ;'v eg] pgL :jLsf/ ug{ tof/ 5g\ . s]jn cfˆgf dflg;nfO{ dfg{ dfq pgnfO{
cfklQ 5 . ch{'gsf] ;t{ k"/f eP pgL b'j} s'/fsf nflu tof/ 5g\ t/ ;;t{ ;'v slxNo} klg k|fKt
x'Fb}g lsgeg] ;'v t of] ;+;f/df ;Dej g} 5}g . ;;t{ ;'v vf]Hg'sf] cy{ gofF gofF b'v vf]Hg' xf] .
ch{'gn] ;+;f/df ;'v / sNof0f sxfF ;Dej 5 / /fHosf] s] k|of]hg 5 eg]sf eP pgsf]
k|Zg ljgf;t{sf] x'g] lyof] / >Ls[i0fsf] pQ/ leGGf} x'GYof] . ch{'g ;'v t rfxG5g\ t/ cfkmGtnfO{
gdf/Lsg ;'v rfxG5g\ . h;/L a'4, dxfjL/nfO{ ;'v Pjd\ /fHo Joy{ xf] eGg] ljrf/ cfPsf] lyof]
To;/L g} ch{'gnfO{ To:tf] ePsf] xf]Og . ch{'gnfO{ t s]jn cfkmGtnfO{ s;/L df¿F eGg] ljrf/
dfq cfPsf] xf] . ch{'gsf] egfO ljk/Lt dgf]bzfsf] kl/0ffd xf] . pgL h] s'/fnfO{ a]sf/ elg/x]sf
5g\ To; s'/fnfO{ a]sf/ hflg/x]sf 5}gg\ . pgL o'4sf] k|of]hg / kmfObf dfq vf]lh/x]sf 5g\, t/
e]§fPsf 5}gg\ . cfkmGtnfO{ gdf/]/ ;'v, /fHo k|fKt x'G5 eg] ch{'gnfO{ s'g} ;d:of 5}g . pgL
k"0f{tof pNemGfdf 5g\ . ch{'gsf] lrQbzf :jlj?4sf] km}nfj xf] .
ch{'gsf] ljiffb olb ljiffbdf g} cGt eof] eg] Tof] cwfld{s x'G5 / olb ljiffb cfgGbdf
kl/jt{g x'g ;Sof] eg] Tof] wfld{s x'G5 t/ pgsf] ljiffb wfld{s 5 . pgn] rfx]sf eP
>Ls[i0fh:tf cnf}lss k'?if;Fu ;xdlt hgfP/ n8\g ;Sy] t/ pgL To;f] ub}{gg\ / s[i0f;dIf
k|Zgsf] jiff{ u5{g\ . pgn] s[i0fsf s'/f dfg]sf eP To:tf] cfl:tstf pwf/f] x'GYof] t/ pgL
k|fdfl0fs cfl:tstfsf] vf]h ul//x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] t uLtf olt dxfg\ u|Gy eof] . >Ls[i0f klg
cb\e't x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] cfˆgf] dlxdf of ul/df bzf{P/ tTsfn ch{'gnfO{ kl/jt{g u/fpg
;Sg'x'GYof] t/ k/dfTdf u'? ag]/ cfˆgf] s'/f yf]kg{ rfxg'x'Gg . >Ls[i0f lbJok'?if k/dfTdf ePsfn]
ch{'gsf] k/dfTdfk|ltsf] vf]h s'g} g s'g} ;dodf k"/f x'g] 5 eGg] cfzfn] k|To]s k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbFb}
hfg'x'G5 .
o]iffdy]{ sfª\lIft+ gf] /fHo+ ef]ufM ;'vflg r .
t Od]˜jl:ytf o'4] k|f0ff+:ToSTjf wgflg r ..##..
h;sf nflu xfdLnfO{ /fHo, ;'v / ef}lts ef]ux¿ rflxPsf] xf] ltgLx¿ g} cfˆgf] k|f0f / wg
Tofu]/ o'4sf lglDt oxfF plePsf 5g\ ..
h'g lktf–k'q cflbsf nflu xfdL /fHo, ef]u, ;'v rfxG5f“}+ ltgLx¿ g} ;Dk"0f{ wg, k|f0f
Tofu]/ o'4sf lglDt v8f ePsf 5g\ . ch{'gsf] e|flGt k|To]s kfOnfdf hf]l8Psf] 5 . ch{'g elg/x]sf
5g\– xfdL lktf, k'q cflbsf nflu /fHo, ef]u / ;'v rfxG5f}+ . t/ pgsf oL ;a} s'/f em'6f x'g\
lsgeg] s'g} klg dflg; csf{sf nflu xf]Og, cfˆg} nflu ;'v rfxG5g\ . olb lktf–dftf k'qsf

nf]suLtf– 14
 cWofo–!
nflu ;''v rfxG5g\ eg] Tof] ddTjsf] sf/0fn] dfq xf] . s] s''/f ;To xf] eg] k'qljgf afa'cfdfsf]
;'v lg/; x'G5 . x/]s JolQmdf ;'v cfˆgf nflu eGbf klg c¿n] Tof] ;'v b]Vg ;s"g\ eGg] rfxgf
x'G5 . 7'nf /fHo kfpFbf klg Tolt ;'v kfOFb}g hlt ;'v cfkm"n] /fHo kfPsf] s'/f c¿x¿n] yfxf
kfPkl5 x'G5, . emg\ cfˆgf] dflg;leq t O{iof{, dxŒjfsfª\Iff / Sn]z klg x'G5 . cfˆgf dflg;nfO{
k|lti7f b]vfpg kfpFbf hlt ;'vb cg'e"lt x'G5 Tolt ckl/lrt;Fu x'Fb}g lsgeg] ckl/lrt;Fu
cxÍf/sf] t'li6 x'Fb}g . cfkmGtnfO{ cfˆgf wg–bf}nt of /fHo ;'v b]vfP/ ltdL x''g ;s]gf} t/ d
ePF eg]/ b]vfpg kfpFbf c+xª\sf/nfO{ t'li6 ldN5 .
h;/L kltn] cfˆgL kTgLnfO{ ;a} ltd|} nflu ul//x]sf] 5' eg]/ em'6 af]N5g\ To;/L g} ch{'g
klg em'6 af]ln/x]sf 5g\ . xfdL ;a} cxÍf/ s]lG›t eP/ afFR5f}+≤ s;}n] s;}nfO{ s]xL ub}{gg\ . d]/f]
efjsf nflu xfdL ;a} u5f}{+ . ch{'gnfO{ o'4 lht]/ h;nfO{ b]vfpg dHhf cfpFYof], ltgLx¿ g}
/x]gg\ eg] s'g} dHhf g} gx'g] eof] . To;}n] t pgL em'6f] af]ln/x]sf 5g\ . ch{'g c1fgsf sf/0f
;xL ;To s'/f eGb}gg\ . olb /fHo kfP/ c¿ cfkmGthgnfO{ b]vfpg kfOPg eg] s] ug{' eg]sf] eP
>Ls[i0f ;fob r'k nfUg''x'GYof] xf]nf Û ch{'g k"/f ;do bf]xf]/f] s'/f af]Nb} 5g\ . Pp6f s'/f rfxG5g\
t/ cs}{ s'/f af]Nb} 5g\ lsgeg] pgL b'lawf / pNemgdf 5g\ .
ch{'g hxfF 5g\ ToxfF ef}lts ;'vsf] dfq s'/f ul//x]5g\ . cfl:ts JolQmn] hlt ef}lts ;''v
vf]H5 p;n] plQs} ef}lts ;'v kfpg c;Dej ePsf] 7fGb5 . ef}lts ;'vsf] vf]h ;dfKt ePkl5
dfq cfWoflTds ;'vsf] vf]h ;'? x'G5 . ef}lts ;'vn] clgjfo{ ¿kdf ljrf/df n}hfG5 . ha;Dd
gs{sf] ofqf k"/f x'Fb}g ta;Dd :ju{sf] s'g} ofqf x'g ;Sb}g . ch{'g clxn] /fHo kfP/ s] x'G5 eGg]
ef}lts ;'vsf] g} s'/f ul//x]sf 5g\ t/ of] pgsf] cfWoflTds vf]htkm{sf] ofqfsf] k|f/De xf] .
To;}n] ch{'g wd{sf] /;f:jfbg ug{ cft'/ wfld{s JolQm x'g\ .
uLtf dgf]lj1fg / dg;\zf:q xf] h;n] cfWofTdlt/ O;f/f u/]sf] 5 . cfWofTdsf] s'g} zf:q
x'Fb}g lsgeg] cfWofTd xfd|f] :jefj xf] . dg;\zf:qn] cfWofTdsf] vf]h ;'? x'g] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpF5 .
;a} zf:qx¿ cWofTdlt/sf O;f/f x'g\ . cWofTd lglj{rf/sf] cg'ej xf] . cWofTdsf] cg''ej
clgj{rgLo, cj0f{gLo Pjd\ zJbsf] ctLt x'G5 . ;a} zf:qx¿n] dgaf6 xf]Og dgsf] kf/ ePdf
dfq ;To kfOG5 eG5g\ . To;}n] dgsf] kf/ k'¥ofpg] zf:q k/dzf:q xf] . uLtf k/dzf:q xf]
lsgeg] uLtfdf dgaf6 kf/ nufpg] ;fwg pknAw 5g\ . t;y{ uLtf dg''iosf nflu ax'd"No 5 .
pklgifb\ cfWoflTds jQmJosf] ;ª\u|x xf] h;df s'g} lj1fg 5}g . To;}n] pklgifb\x¿ dg'iosf nflu
w]/} pkof]uL x'g ;s]gg\ . pklgifb\x¿n] a|Xd 5 eG5g\ t/ xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g . To;}n] xfdL 5
xf]nf eG5f“} . hfGg] dflg; eG5g\ ha cWofTdsf] cg'ej x'G5, ta pklgifb\ pkof]uL dfq xf]Og
;fIfL klg x'G5 . Tof] a]nf cfˆgf] cg'ejnfO{ pklgifb\df k9]/ l7s xf] eGg ;lsG5 . pklgifb\
l;4nfO{ pkof]uL x'G5 t/ uLtf ;fwssf nflu pkof]uL x'G5 . ch{'g l;4 xf]Ogg\ ;fws x'g\ /
pgsf] lh1f;f cfWoflTds xf]Og dfgl;s xf] . ch{'gsf] ;d:of g} dfgl;s xf] . To;}n] uLtf clt
ljlzi6 5 lsgeg] uLtfdf dgaf6 kf/ x'g] ;dfwfg 5 / o;n] cWofTdtkm{ O;f/f u/]sf] 5 .
>Ls[i0fn] uLtfdf cfˆgf] w/ftnaf6 xf]Og ch{'gsf] w/ftnaf6 s'/f ug{'ePsf] 5 . s[i0fn]
cfˆgf] w/ftnaf6 ch{'gnfO{ pkb]z lbg'ePsf] eP uLtf cfWoflTds jrgx¿sf] ;ª\u|x x'GYof] . t/
uLtf dg;\sf] Pp6f ultdfg\ Joj:yf xf] . Ps Ps sbd ha ch{'g dfly p7\5g\ clg uLtf klg
To;}u/L dfly p7\5 . ch{'g tn embf{ uLtf klg tnaf6 g} ;'? x'G5 . uLtfdf k"/f ;do ch{'g
s]G›df 5g\ . >Ls[i0f a|Xd1fgLh:tf] eP/ af]n]sf eP ch{'g;Fu s'g} ;DaGw x'g] lyPg t/ ch{'g;Fu

nf]suLtf– 15
cWofo–!
;fy eP/ >Ls[i0f af]Ng'ePsf] 5 / uLtfsf] cflv/L ;"qnfO{ ToxfF 5f]8\g'ePsf] 5, hxfFaf6 dg;\
;dfKt eP/ cWofTd ;'? x'G5 . ca eljio ef}lts zf:qsf] geO{ dgf]lj1fgsf] 5 . cfhsf
dflg;x¿ cfˆgf] ;d:ofsf] xn rfxG5g\ . To;}n] ca xn ug]{ zf:qsf] dfq dfGotf x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
s'zn u'? ePsfn] pxfFn] ch{'gnfO{ tNnf] txaf6 pRrtd tx;Ddsf] nfdf] / ;"Id ofqf ;DkGg
ug]{ ;DaGwdf af]w u/fpFb} x'g'x'G5 .
cfrfof{M lkt/M k'qf:ty}j r lktfdxfM .
dft'nfM Zjz'/fM kf}qfM ZofnfM ;DalGwg:tyf ..#$..
o'4df ;+nUgx¿dWo] sf]xL u'?x¿, lktf Pjd\ lktfdx, 5f]/fx¿, xh'/a'afx¿, dfdfx¿,
;;'/fx¿, gfltx¿, ;fnf–h]7fgx¿, Pjd\ sf]xL ;DaGwL hgx¿ klg x'g'xG' 5 ..
PtfGg xGt'ldR5fld £gtf]˜lk dw';"bg .
clk q}nf]So/fHo:o x]tf]M ls+ g' dxLs[t] ..#%..
x] dw';"bg Û pxfFx¿n] dnfO{ g} lsg gdfg{'xf];\ t/ tLg} nf]ssf] /fHo ldN5 eg] klg d rflxF
pxfFx¿nfO{ dfg{ rfxGgF eg] e"/fHosf] t s] s'/f eof] / Û
lgxTo wft{/fi6«fGgM sf k|LltM :ofHhgfb{g .
kfkd]jf>o]b:dfGxTj}tfgfttflogM ..#^..
x] hgfb{g Û w[t/fi6«sf 5f]/fx¿ nufotsf aGw'afGwjx¿nfO{ df/]/ s] cfgGb xf]nf / Û a? oL
cfttfoLx¿nfO{ dfgf{n] cfkm"nfO{ kfk dfq nfUg] 5 ..
ch{'gn] cfˆgf :jhgx¿nfO{ df/]/ tLg} nf]ssf] /fHo kfOG5 eg] klg lng tof/ 5}gg\ eg]
of] k[YjLnf]ssf] t s] cy{ egL af/Daf/ bf]xf]¥ofpFb} 5g\ . ch{'gsf] s'/f o;f] x]bf{ t a8f] TofuL
h:tf] nfU5 t/ To:tf] xf]Og . ch{'g cfkm"nfO{ ;DemfO/x]sf 5g\ / pgsf] leqL rfxgf klg JoQm
ul//x]sf 5g\ . olb tLg} nf]ssf] /fHo kfOof] eg] klg cfkmGtx¿nfO{ dfg{' plrt 5}g . of] pgn]
cfˆgf] leqL rfxgfnfO{ ;fGTjgf lbO/x]sf 5g\ lsgeg] pgnfO{ s;}n] klg k[YjLnf]s / tLg}nf]s klg
lbg]jfnf 5}g . of] t l5d]sLsf] 7'nf] 3/ b]v]/ 7'nf] 3/sf] s] cy{ eg]h:t} s'/f xf] . ch{'g s]jn
cfˆgf] dgnfO{ ;fGTjgf lbO/x]sf 5g\ .
ch{'gsf lglDt cfˆgf :jhgx¿nfO{ dfg{' a8f] si6k|b 5 . of] o'4df Pp6} kl/jf/sf
;b:ox¿ ;+nUg 5g\ . oxfF u'? ›f]0f 5g\ h;n] ch{'gnfO{ clt dfof uy]{ h;n] ch{'g ch]o x'g\
eg]/ PsnJosf] cf}Fnf ;d]t sf6]/ NofOlbP . oxfF ljkIfdf lktfdx eLid 5g\ h;;Fu afNosfn
k|]ddf lat]sf] 5 . oxfF ;;'/f 5g\, efOx¿ ;FuL;DaGwL, ldq, cfkmGt g} cfkmGt 5g\ / k/fO{x¿ s'g}
5}gg\ . To;}n] o'4df x/xfntdf cfkmGt g} dg]{ 5g\ eGg] a'em]/ ch{'g cflQPsf x'g\ . To;f] t
lhGbuLnfO{ ulx/fOdf x]¥of] eg] k[YjLdf ePsf ;a} JolQm cfˆg} x'g\ . ;f/f k[YjL Pp6f 7'nf] kl/jf/
xf] / ;f/f o'4 kfl/jfl/s o'4 xf] . ch{'g;Fu b'O{ ljsNk 5g\ ls t o'4 ug]{ of t efUg] t/
>Ls[i0fsf] t];|f] pkfo dxŒjk"0f{ 5 .
ch{'gsf] ljrf/sf] dGygn] uLtf pknAw x'g ;Sof] . dxfef/tsf] o'4 eP/ klg ;lsPsf]
xhf/f“} jif{ lalt;s]sf] 5 . o; wtL{df tLg xhf/ jif{df rf}w xhf/ o'4 ePsf 5g\ . uLtfsf]
dxŒjsf sf/0f dxfef/t o'4sf] ;Demgf ;b}j tfhf /lx/xg] 5 . hut\df ljrf/, bz{g jf lrGtgsf]
d"No x'G5 t/ 36gfsf] s'g} d"No x'Fb}g .

nf]suLtf– 16
 cWofo–!
t:dfGgfxf{ jo+ xGt'+ wft{/fi6«fG:jafGwjfg\ .
:jhg+ lx sy+ xTjf ;'lvgM :ofd dfwj ..#&..
t;y{ x] dfwj Û w[t/fi6«sf 5f]/fx¿ / aGw'afGwjx¿nfO{ dfg{' xfd|f nflu of]Uo 5}g lsgeg]
cfkmGt hgx¿nfO{ df/]/ xfdL s;/L ;'vL xf}“nf / Û
oBKo]t] g kZolGt nf]ef]kxtr]t;M .
s'nIfos[t+ bf]if+ ldq›f]x] r kftsd\ ..#*..
nf]esf sf/0f a'l4e|i6 ePsf s'?aGw'x¿ s'ngi6 u/]sf] bf]if Pjd\ ldqx¿;Fu emu8f ug]{
s'/fdf klg kfk b]Vg ;Sb}gg\ ..
sy+ g 1]od:dfleM kfkfb:dflGgjlt{t'd\ .
s'nIfos[t+ bf]if+ k|kZol∫h{gfb{g ..#(..
x] hgfb{g Û j+zgfz ubf{ nfUg] kfk jf bf]ifnfO{ l7s;Fu hfGg] xfdLx¿ o; k|sf/sf kfksd{af6
lsg kl5 gx6\g] <
s'nIfo] k|0fZolGt s'nwdf{M ;gftgfM .
wd]{ gi6] s'n+ s[T:gdwdf]{˜leejTo't ..$)..
s'nsf] gfz ePkl5 ;gftgb]lv rlncfPsf s'nwd{ klg gi6 x'G5g\ / wd{ klg gi6 x'G5 .
s'nwd{ gi6 ePkl5 ;Dk"0f{ s'ndf kfk km}lnP/ JofKt x'G5 ..
ch{'g eGb5g\– oL cfttfoLx¿nfO{ dfgf{n] klg kfksf] eflubf/ g} x'g'k5{ . o;y{ oL b'of]{wg
nufotsf ;DaGwL hgx¿nfO{ dfg{ rfxGgF . logLx¿nfO{ df/]/ ;'v kfOFb}g oBlk logLx¿sf] a'l4
nf]esf sf/0f e|i6 ePsf] 5 . logLx¿ kl/jf/nfO{ dfg]{ / cfTdLo hg;Fu emu8f ug]{ h:tf
ljZjf;3fthGo s'/fdf klg bf]if b]Vb}gg\ . t/ s'nsf] ljgfzdf ck/fw b]Vg] xfdLx¿h:tf JolQm
s;/L df/sf6sf] kIfdf nfUg' pko''Qm x''G5 < k/Gt' x] hgfb{g Û s'nsf] gfz x'g] o; dfu{af6 kl5
x6\g' g} pko'Qm x'G5 lsgeg] s'nsf] ljgfz ePdf ;gftg s'nwd{ g} gi6 x'G5 . s'nsf] wd{ gi6
ePdf ;Dk"0f{ s'nsf] k/Dk/f gi6 x'g'sf ;fy} cwd{n] jf; u5{ .
ch{'g cem} cfˆgf ts{x¿ clu ;f5{g–\ b'of]{wgx¿ t ljrf/xLg 5g\≤ xfdL klg ljrf/xLg
eof}+ eg] s;/L Tof] dfu{ ;xL x'G5 . pgLx¿ t unt af6fdf 5g\, xfdL klg unt af6fdf nfUg'
l7s xf]Og . unt sfo{sf] eT;{gf unt af6fdf nfu]/ x'g ;Sb}g . pgLx¿sf] a'l4 e|ldt / gi6
eof] eGb}df xfdL klg To:t} x'g' lsdfy{ /fd|f] xf]Og . ch{'g cfkm"nfO{ tof/ ug{sf nflu a'l4ut
sf/0fx¿ vf]Hb} 5g\ . pgL o'4df xf]ldg'sf sf/0f :ki6 kfg{ >Ls[i0f;Fu cg'/f]w ub{5g\ ;fy} pgL
o'4af6 efUg klg rfxG5g\ . pgL cfˆgf] dgaf6 o'4df plqg'sf :ki6 cfwf/ / ts{x¿ vf]H5g\ .
dg'io cfkm"nfO{ ljrf/zLn, a'l4dfg\ / cf}lrTok"0f{ 7fGb5 . c/:t'n] t dflg;nfO{ a'l4dfg\ k|f0fL g}
eg]sf 5g\ t/ dg'iosf] a'l4dfgL cfˆgf] c1fgLkgnfO{ a'l4dfg\ k|dfl0ft ug{ vf]Hg] dfq xf] .
ch{'g o'4af6 cdËn / csNof0f x'G5 Pjd\ of] o'4 l7s xf]Og eGg] s'/fsf] k'i6\ofOF vf]Hb}
5g\ . pgdf klg o'4sf] cfu|x 5, t/ eLd / b'of]{wgsf] h:tf] pgsf] k"/f tof/L 5}g . pgsf] dg
afFl8Psf] x'Fbf b'lawfn] u|:t 5 . ljrf/zLn JolQm k|foM bf]xf]/f] dgdf x'g' :jfefljs g} xf] . ch{'gsf
dgdf cg]sf“}+ sf/0fx¿ gflr/x]sf 5g\ . o'4sf] kl/0ffdsf af/]df sNkgf u/]/ pgL cflQPsf 5g\ .
To;}n] pgL b'lawfdf eP/ o'4sf] cf}lrTo vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . pgsf] dg n8\g klg / efUg klg
rfxG5≤ To;}n] t >Ls[i0f;Fu k|Zg ub}{ 5g\ . pgsf] dg cGof]n / b'lawfdf ePsf]n] pgsf]

nf]suLtf– 17
cWofo–!
lg0f{ofTds Ifdtf sdhf]/ ePsf] 5 . cfkm}+“df k"0f{ ljZjf; gePsfn] pgL >Ls[i0f;Fu ;Nnfx
dflu/x]sf 5g\ .
cwdf{leejfTs[i0f k|b'iolGt s'nl:qoM .
:qLif' b'i6f;' jfi0f]{o hfot] j0f{;Í/M ..$!..
x] s[i0f Û s'ndf kfk JofKt ePkl5 s'nsf :qLx¿ klg b"lift x'G5g\ / x] jfi0f]{o Û s'nsf
gf/Lx¿ b"lift ePdf j0f{;Í/ -l7dfxf_ ;Gtfg hGdG5g\ ..
;Í/f] g/sfo}j s'n£gfgf+ s'n:o r .
ktlGt lkt/f] Xo]iff+ n'Ktlk08f]bslqmofM ..$@..
j+zk/Dk/f gfz x'gfn] j0f{;Í/ ;Gtfgx¿ s'ngfzs Pjd\ s'nnfO{ gs{tkm{ n}hfg pBt
x'G5g\ . oL s'n3ftLx¿sf lkt[x¿ klg tk{0f–lk08 ->f4_ cflb lqmofsf] nf]ksf sf/0f cwf]ult k|fKt
u5{g\ ..
bf]if}/]t}M s'n£gfgf+ j0f{;Í/sf/s}M .
pT;fBGt] hfltwdf{M s'nwdf{Zr zfZjtfM ..$#..

j0f{;Í/ ;Gtfgsf bf]ifx¿af6 ltgsf hftLo wd{ / ;gftgb]lv rlncfPsf s'nwd{ klg gfz
x'G5g\ ..
pT;Ggs'nwdf{0ff+ dg'iof0ff+ hgfb{g .
g/s]˜lgot+ jf;f] ejtLTog'z'>'d ..$$..
x] hgfb{g Û s'nwd{ gi6 ePsf dflg;x¿sf] lr/sfnko{Gt gs{df jf; x'G5 eGg] xfdLn]
klxNo}b]lv ;'Gb} cfO/x]sf 5f“}+ ..
cxf] at dxTkfk+ st{'+ Jojl;tf jod\ .
o›fHo;'vnf]e]g xGt'+ :jhgd'BtfM ..$%..
cxf] Û s:tf] v]bhgs s'/f Û xfdLx¿ a'l4dfg\ eP/ klg kfksd{ ug{ tof/ ePsf 5f}+ .
/fHo;'vsf nf]en] cfkmGt hgx¿nfO{ dfg{ klg pBt 5f}+“ ..
x] s[i0f Û cwd{sf] clej[l4 eof] eg] s'nfËgf b"lift x'G5g\ / pgLx¿ ;tLTjaf6 kltt x'Fbf
l7dfxf hflt j0f{zÍ/ hlGdG5g\ . cem eg"F s'nfËgf b"lift x'Fbf a|fXd0f cflb j0f{x¿df ;ÍL0f{tf
cfpF5 / j0f{ 5\of;ld; x'G5 . j0f{zÍ/ cjfl~5t ;Gtfg s'ngfzs x'G5g\ / s'n Pjd\ lkt[nfO{
gs{ k'¥ofpF5g\ . :ju{l:yt lkt[x¿ klg lk08–tk{0fsf] cefjdf gs{df lu5{g\ . j0f{zÍ/ s'nsf
;+xf/s ePsfn] ;gftg hflt Pjd\ s'nwd{ b'j} gi6 x'G5g\ . h;sf] s'nwd{ gi6 x'G5 To:tf k|f0fL
gs{df cgGt sfn;Dd /xg'k5{ .
j0ff{>d Joj:yfsf lgodx¿ ljz]if u/L ;dfhdf c;n ;Gtfg pTkGg ug]{ p2]Zon]
agfOPsf] xf] . ch{'g o'4af6 s] s] unt / v/fa x'G5 To;sf] vf]h ub}{ 5g\ . pgsf dgdf w]/}
g/fd|f s'/fx¿ ;NfanfO/x]sf 5g\ . clxn] dfq xf]Og eljiodf klg ;Gtlt s:tf x'G5g\ / s] v/faL
x'G5 Tof] pgL lrGtg ul//x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] pgL j0f{ s;/L ljs[t x'G5, s;/L j0f{zÍ/ pTkGg
x'G5 eGg] s'/f cgfjZos ¿kdf rrf{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . Tof] a]nf j0f{zÍ/nfO{ v/fa dflgGYof] . ch''{g
;gftg wd{ s;/L gi6 x'G5, oL ;a} vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . ch{'gnfO{ g/fd|f s'/fx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ts{
h'6fpg PSsfl; o:tf] lrGtf eO/x]sf] 5 .

nf]suLtf– 18
 cWofo–!
låtLo ljZjo'4df lx/f]l;dfsf] 36gfkl5 zflGtjfbL JolQmx¿nfO{ klg ch{'gnfO{ h:t}
;fdflhs Joj:yf, ;Eotf cflb gi6 x'G5 ls eGg] lrGtfn] ;tfPsf] lyof] . zflGtjfbLx¿ o'4af6
s] s] v/fa x'G5≤ To;sf] n]vfhf]vf xd];f u5{g\ . xfdL h] ug{ rfxG5f}+“, To;sf nflu ts{x¿ vf]H5f}F .
dflg;sf] lrQ h] rfxG5≤ To;sf] k'li6 x'g] cfwf/ vf]H5 . ch{'gnfO{ knfogn] ks8]sfn] cg]sf}+“
ts{x¿ vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . pgL ddTjn] u|:t ePsfn] To;sf cfj/0fdf cg]sf}+“ ts{ / axfgfx¿
vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . oL ;a} ts{x¿ s]jn rfnafhL dfq x'g\ . ch{'gn] c¿nfO{ dfbf{ slxNo} g;f]r]sf
pkfo / cfwf/x¿ crfgs cfh knfog x''gsf nflu >Ls[i0fnfO{ g} pkb]z lbPh:tf] ;DemfO/x]sf
5g\ . ch{'gsf] of] cfˆgf] b[li6sf]0f xf]Og . pgL of]4f x'g\ / dfg{' g} pgsf] ljBfnoLo lzIff xf] .
pgsf s'/f ;'g]/ >Ls[i0f d':s'/fO/xg' ePsf] 5 . ch{'gnfO{ o;eGbf klxn] wd{sf] slxn]
lrGtf lyPg . a|fXd0f lalu|G5g\, :qLx¿ kye|i6 x'G5g\ cflb sf/0f b]vfP/ ef]ln pgnfO{ csf/0f
efu]sf] xf]Og eGg] cfwf/ agfpg vf]Hb} 5g\ . pgsf] egfO l7s ePsf] eP >Ls[i0fn] of] ;a} 1fg
u/fpg' x'GgYof] . of] ch{'gsf] a'l4sf] rfnafhL xf] . ch{'g cfˆgf dflg;nfO{ dfg{ ljleGg sf/0f
b]vfP/ cfkm"nfO{ Goflos agfpg vf]Hb} 5g\ .
s'g} lkt[u0f lk08bfgdf cfwfl/t x'Fb}gg\ . lk08bfgn] lkt[x¿nfO{ d'Qm u/fpg' eGbf klg of]
dgf]j}1flgs sf/0fn] ul/G5 . lk08bfgaf6 :ju{ of cGtl/Ifsf] ofqfdf c;/ kg]{ xf] eg] t xfdLn]
tnaf6 pgLx¿nfO{ d[To'kl5 klg lgoGq0f ug{ ;S5f}+“ . of] k''/f]lxt / zf:qsf eobfos s'/f ;'g]/
ch''{g eujfg\sf ;fd' ltg} s'/f eGb} 5g\ . j0f{;Í/n] s''g} ljs[lt cfpFb}g . j0f{zÍ/ pTs[i6 j0f{ xf],
jg:klt / hgfj/df of] ;kmn kfOPsf] 5 dflg;df klg clt k|ltefzfnL / of]Uo JolQm
j0f{zÍ/af6 hlGdG5 . hLjgsf b'O{ wf/ ldn]/ pTs[i6 j0f{ hlGdG5g\ t/ ch{'g t s]jn ;'g]sf s'/f
eGgsf nflu elg/x]sf 5g\ .
gs{ / :ju{ ef}uf]lns :yfg xf]Ogg\, tL dfgl;s bzf x'g\ . dg'io lrqsf] cfwf/df ;f]Rb5 /
¿kfGt/0f u5{ . aRrfsf nflu lrqsf] efiff g} k|of]u ul/G5 . lrqdf :ju{nfO{ ;'vk"0f{ cj:yfdf
/x]sf] b]vfpg] / gs{nfO{ b'v Pjd\ hngn] el/Psf] b]vfpg] rng /x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ g} tyfslyt
kl08tx¿n] ;f]xL lrqsf cfwf/df ;'v / b'v egL j0f{g u/]sf x'g\ . ;'vdf JolQm xNsf eP/
cfnf]sn] el/G5 / km"n lvn]sf] cg'e'lt x'G5 eg] b'vdf cGwsf/do k|tLt x'G5 . :ju{ / gs{ oxL+“
5g\≤ To;}n] xfdL rf}la; 306fdf sltk6s :ju{ / gs{df 3'ld/x]sf x'G5f}+“ . qmf]wdf gs{df x'G5f}+ /
zflGt / k|;Ggtfdf :ju{df x'G5f}+“ . olt w]/} pbfx/0f lbP/ ch{'g s[i0f;Fu o'4af6 efUg] cg'dlt
dflu/x]sf 5g\ . >Ls[i0fn] l7s eGg'eof] eg] ch{'gnfO{ ;dfhn] euf}8f eGg] 5}gg\ eg]/ pgL
pko'{Qm ljleGg ts{x¿ lbO/x]sf 5g\ .
o'4sf lar olt nfdf] c7f/ cWofo uLtf s;/L eGg ;Dej eof] eGg] lh1f;f klg sltko
JolQmx¿df x'g ;S5 . s]xL JolQmx¿ t uLtf dxfef/tdf kl5dfq k|If]k0f ul/of] eG5g\ .
sltkosf] egfOcg'';f/ o'4sfnsf] ;+lIfKt jftf{nfknfO{ kl5 la:tf/ ul/Psf] xf] eGg] 5 . t/ oL
;a} s]jn cg'dfg / ts{ dfq x'g\ . uLtf df}gtfdf 36]sf] cGt/;+jfb x'g'k5{ . df}g ;+jfbsf] ;do
dfkg cnu x'G5 . slxn]sfxLF xfdLnfO{ Wofgdf a:bf jf emKsL nfUbf Ps l5gdf k"0f{ hLjgsf
36gfx¿ lrlqt x'G5g\ . slxn]sfxLF cfˆg} ljjfx ePb]lv ;Gtfgsf] klg ljjfx ug{ nfu]sf ;a}
36gfx¿ ;dodfkgsf] lx;fan] Ps ldg]6 eGbf sd ;dodf lrlqt ePsf] ;DemFbf cfZro{ nfU5 .
Tolt w]/} 36gf Ps ldg]6df s;/L ;Dej x'G5g\ t/ ;kgf dfkgsf] ;do eg] cnu x'G5 . ;'vdf

nf]suLtf– 19
cWofo–!
;do 5f]6f] x'G5 t/ b'vdf ;do nfdf] x'G5 . cfgGbsf] cg'ej ePdf ;do g} x'Fb}g . a|Xdsf]
cg'ej t emg\ ;doftLt x'G5 .
gf/bsf] hLjgsf] Pp6f syf 5– Psk6s hut\ s;/L dfof xf] eg]/ gf/bn] lji0f'
eujfg\;Fu ;f]Wg'eof] . eujfg\n] cfkm"nfO{ Kof; nfu]sfn] kfgL dfUg'eof] . gf/b kfgL lng ufpFdf
k:g'eof] hxfF crfgs Pp6L ;'Gb/L b]vf kl/g\ . gf/bn] eujfg\nfO{ e'n]/ o'jtL;Fu ljjfxsf] k|:tfj
ug{'eof] . pgLx¿sf] ljjfx eof] / 5f]/f5f]/L klg eP . gf/b a'9f] eP . ufpFdf af9L cfof] / ufpF
8'Aof] . gf/b x8a9fpFb} kTgL / aRrf lnP/ gbL kf/ ug{ vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ t/ arfpg ;Sb}gg\ /
cGttM Ps lsgf/fdf a;]/ b'vL x'G5g\ . To;}a]nf PSsfl; gf/bsf] cfFvf v'N5 / eujfg\ lji0f'n]
kfgL v} eg]/ gf/bnfO{ eGg'x'G5 . olt nfdf] 36gf h;/L Ps If0fdf 36\of] To:t} >Ls[i0f /
ch{'gsf] ;+jfb klg ;doeGbf aflx/ 36]sf] 36gf x'g ;S5 .
olb dfdk|tLsf/dz:q+ z:qkf0foM .
wft{/fi6«f /0f] xGo':tGd] If]dt/+ ej]t\ ..$^..
ch{'g eG5g\– xftdf xltof/ lnPsf w[t/fi6«sf k'qx¿n] s'g} k|ltsf/ gug]{ xltof/ljxLg
dnfO{ df5{g\ eg] klg Tof] d]/f nflu >]o:s/ g} x'g] 5 ..
;~ho pjfr
Pjd'STjfh{'gM ;ª\Vo] /yf]k:y pkfljzt\ .
lj;[Ho ;z/+ rfk+ zf]s;+ljUgdfg;M ..$&..
;~hon] eg]– o;k|sf/ /0fe""lddf pkl:yt zf]s;GtKt ch{'g o:tf] eg]/ uf08Lj;lxtsf
z:qf:q Tofu]/ r'krfk /ysf k5fl8sf] efudf uP/ a;] ..
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb]˜h{'gljiffbof]uf] gfd
k|ydf]˜WofoM ..!..

nf]suLtf– 20
 cWofo–!

nf]suLtf– 21
cWofo–!

nf]suLtf– 22
 cWofo–@
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
bf];|f] cWofo
;fª\Voof]uM

;~ho pjfr
t+ tyf s[koflji6d>'k"0ff{s'n]If0fd\ .
ljifLbGtldb+ jfSod'jfr dw'';"bgM ..!..
;~hon] eg]– o;k|sf/ bof cflb u'0fn] o'Qm h;sf cfFvf cfF;'n] el/Psf 5g\ Pjd\
ljiffbo'Qm 5g\, tL zf]so'Qm ch{'gnfO{ b]v]/ eujfg\n] lgDg jrg af]Ng'eof] ..
>Leujfg'jfr
s't:Tjf sZdnldb+ ljifd] ;d'kl:ytd\ .
cgfo{h'i6d:jUo{dsLlt{s/dh{'g ..@..
x] ch{'g Û o; ljifd kl/l:yltdf ltdLdf o:tf] lvGgtf s;/L k}bf eof] < ltdLdf k}bf ePsf]
lrGtfn] o; nf]sdf ckoz / k/nf]sdf b'u{lt dfq x'G5 . To;}n] o:tf cgfo{ s'/f ug{' l7s xf]Og ..
Sn}Ao+ df :d udM kfy{ g}tŒjøo'kkBt] .
If'b|+ Åbobf}a{No+ ToSTjf]lQi7 k/Gtk ..#..
x] zq'gfzs ch{'g Û ltdLdf k}bf ePsf] gfdb{kgnfO{ Tofu≤ ltdLh:tf jL/nfO{ o:tf] ;'xfpFb}g .
x] k/Gtk Û Åbosf] t''R5 b'a{ntfnfO{ kl/Tofu u/]/ o'4sf lglDt p7 ..
ch{'g af/Daf/ o'4af6 aRg] k|of; ub}{ 5g\ / >Ls[i0faf6 To;sf] cf}lrTo k'li6 u/fpg klg
vf]Hb} 5g\ . cfkmGtx¿nfO{ dfg{'eGbf t w[t/fi6«sf k'qx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ df/]df clws lxts/ x'g] 5
eGb} ch{'g uf08Lj 5f]8]/ o'4d}bfgdf r'krfk v8f eP . ch{'g cfFvfel/ cfF;' kf/L bofn] el/P/
ljiffb ub}{ 5g\ . ;~hon] ch{'g s?0ffn] xf]Og bofn] el/Psf] eg]sf 5g\ . zAbsf]zdf bof /
s?0ffsf] Pp6} cy{ 5, t/ jf:tljs ¿kdf oL b'O{df leGgtf 5 .
bof kl/l:ylthGo x'G5 eg] s?0ff dgl:ylthGo x''G5 . h;sf Åbodf s?0ff 5 To;nfO{
aflx/sf] s'g} klg kl/l:yltn] km/s kfb}{g . s?0ffjfg\ JolQmaf6 x/avt s?0ff k|jflxt eO/xG5 .
h:tf] km"nsf] ;'uGwn] af6fdf lx“8\g] sf]xL 5 ls 5}g eg]/ ;f]Rb}g, ;'uGw xfjfdf ldl;P/ alu g}
/xG5 To:t} s?0ffjfg\ JolQmsf] s?0ff klg cxlg{z ¿kdf alu g} /xG5 . s?0ff JolQmsf]
cGtZr]tgfsf] ;|f]t xf] . To;}n] a'4 / dxfjL/h:tf JolQmx¿ bofjfg\ xf]Og s?0ffjfg\ x'g\ . bof
ToxfF hlGdG5, hxfF s?0ff x'Fb}g . ch{'gnfO{ ;~ho bofjfg\ eG5g\ . Pp6f ul/a JolQm jf
levf/LnfO{ b]v]/ pTkGg x'g] efj bof xf] . bofn] cxª\sf/nfO{ k'li6 u5{ / s?0ffn] cxª\sf/nfO{
;dfKt kf5{ . s;}nfO{ bfg lb“bf jf d2t ubf{ dgleq h'g d}n] u/]+ eGg]] cxª\sf/sf] efj k}bf x'G5
Tof] bof xf] . s?0ffjfg\ ;+;f/df sf]xL levf/L gxf]pmg\ eGg] rfxG5 eg] bofjfg\ levf/Lx¿ xf]pmg\
eGg] rfxG5 . bofjfg\ ltgnfO{ d2t u/]/ cfˆgf] cxª\sf/sf] k'li6 ug{ rfxG5 .
ch{'gsf dgdf s?0ffsf] efj cfPsf] eP pgL cs}{ w/ftndf k'Uy] t/ pgsf] Åbodf bof
dfq hfUof] hf] cxª\sf/n] o'St 5 . ch{'g bofefj /fv]/ w[t/fi6«sf k'qx¿nfO{ dfg''{eGbf pgLx¿n]

nf]suLtf– 23
cWofo–@
g} dnfO{ df/]df plrt x'G5 eg]/ cfˆgf] cxª\sf/sf] efj k|blz{t ub{5g\ . cxª\sf/sf sf/0f
;dofg';f/ dg'io ljk/Lt uP/ cfˆgf] anL r9fpg klg tof/ x'G5 . pgL o:tf] s's[To daf6
s;/L x'g ;S5 eg]/ bof JoQm ub}{ 5g\ . ch{'gsf] bofefjsf] nIf0f a'emL >Ls[i0f dgf]lrlsT;ssf]
¿kdf ltdL cfo{ xf} t;y{ o:tf] cgfo{ h:tf] s'/f gu/ eGg'x'G5 . cfo{ eg]sf] >]i7hg / cgfo{
eg]sf] c>]i7hg xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg''x'G5 ltdLnfO{ c>]i7, lgs[i6 / bLgxLg h:tf] s'/f ug{ ;'xfpFb}g .
bof klg cxª\sf/sf] e"if0f ePsf]n] ltdLnfO{ o; nf]sdf o:tf] bofefj jf cxª\sf/n] ckoz lbg]
5 / k/nf]sdf klg b'u{lt g} k|fKt x''g] 5 . cxª\sf/o'Qm bofefjn] JolQm b'h{g ePdf cToGt qm"/
agfpF5 eg] ;Hhg ePdf cfkm}FnfO{ si6 lbg] agfpF5 .
ch{'gsf] egfOdf cxª\sf/sf] tL/ otfptf dfq ePsf] 5 . d'Vo ljifo dfg]{ / dg]{ s'/fs}
bfo/fleq 5 . cxª\sf/sf] t'li6 c¿nfO{ b'v lbg'df eGbf cfkm"nfO{ b'v lbg'df a9L x'G5 . ch{'g
bofsf] ¿kdf cxª\sf/sf] tL/ cfkm"lt/ dfq kmsf{pg vf]Hb} 5g\ / cxª\sf/nfO{ an k'Ug] efiff
k|of]u ub}{5g\ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL cfo{, ;';+:s[t, s'nLg eP/ klg sfFt/kg b]vfO/x]sf
5f} . ltdLh:tf axfb'/ JolQmn] o'4af6 efUg ;'xfpFb}g . >Ls[i0f ch{'gsf] dfgl;s cj:yfdfly
ljrf/ ub}{ pgsf] cxª\sf/dfly klxnf] k|xf/ ug{'x'G5 .
ch{'g pjfr
sy+ eLiddx+ ;ª\Vo] b|f]0f+ r dw';"bg .
Oif'leM k|ltof]T:ofld k"hfxf{jl/;"bg ..$..
ch{'g eG5g\– x] dw';"bg Û d}n] s;/L /0fe"lddf lktfdx eLid / u'? ›f]0ffrfo{nfO{ af0fn]
k|ltk|xf/ u¿“ lsgeg] x] cl/;""bg Û pxfFx¿ b'j} d]/f k"Ho x'g'x'G5 ..
>Ls[i0fsf] egfOsf] cfzonfO{ ch{'gn] a'‰g g;sL k'gM csf]{ kf6f]af6 ToxL s''/f
bf]xf]¥ofpF5g\ . pgL km]l/ klg ljgd|tfk"j{s dof{bfs} s'/f ub{5g\ t/ pgdf cem} cxª\sf/ ljBdfg
5 To;}n] d s;/L o'4 u¿F eGb5g\ . pgsf] d efjn] ¿k abn]/ ljgd|tfsf] ¿k lnPsf] 5 hf]
/IffTds cxd\kg xf] . cfqmfds cxª\sf/eGbf ljgd| cxª\sf/ /IffTds x'G5 . s'g} JolQm
ljgd|tfsf] cf8df ha s;}nfO{ d t s] x'F / xh'/sf] r/0fsf] w'nf] dfq x'F eG5 ta p;sf cfFvfsf]
efj x]g{nfos x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf p;sf cfFvf / z/L/ leGg s'/f ul//x]sf x'G5g\ .
ch{'gsf] lg/Gt/ c;Ëltk"0f{ k|Zg / egfO ;'Gbf pgn] s[i0fsf s'/fsf] tfTko{ a'‰g} ;s]sf
5}gg\ eGg] :ki6 x''G5 . ctM af/Daf/ ljleGg ¿kdf pxL s'/f bf]xf]¥ofpF5g\ . ch{'g lktfdx eLid /
u'? ›f]0f h:tf k"Ho JolQmx¿nfO{ s;/L af0f xfGg' eGb5g\ / em§ x]bf{ t cfb/ k|s6 u/]h:tf]
u5{g\ t/ /fHo;'vsf] nf]edf k"hgLo JolQmx¿ / aGw'afGwjdfly cfqmd0f u/]/ ch{'gn] lx+;fsf]
af6f] /f]h] eGg]] nf]slgGbfaf6 aRg rfxG5g\ . pgL uDeL/ x'Fb} cfˆgf ;DaGwL hgx¿nfO{ cfqmd0f
ug{' eGbf t a? d dg{ tof/ 5' eGb5g\ . pgLleqsf] cxª\sf/ csf]{ r/dkgaf6 ljgd|tfk"j{s
Tofusf] efiffdf af]Nb} 5 . ch{'gsf] …dÚ pgsf] lgoGq0fdf 5}g, >Ls[i0fn] To;}nfO{ kqmg vf]Hg'ePsf]
lyof] t/ ch{'gn] To;nfO{ a'‰g / ;'Gg ;s]gg\ . ch{'gsf] pQ/ u]:6fN6 dgf]lj1fg h:t} 5 .
cfsfzdf nfu]sf] afbnsf ljleGg ¿knfO{ JolQmx¿n] leGgleGg ¿kdf b]Vg] k|lqmof g} u]:6fN6
dgf]lj1fg xf] . afbnsf] cfsf/nfO{ s;}n] eujfg\, s;}n] e"tk|]t jf s;}n] cfˆgf] cf:yf adf]lhd
b]Vb5 . o;} u/L ch{'gn] klg o'4nfO{{ cfˆg} lsl;dn] x]/]sf 5g\ . ch{'g s[i0fsf] egfOaf/] k6Ss}
dgg gu/L k'gM c;fGble{s s'/f elg/x]sf 5g\ M

nf]suLtf– 24
 cWofo–@
u'¿gxTjf lx dxfg'efjfg\
>]of] ef]Q'+m e}IodkLx nf]s] .
xTjfy{sfdf+:t' u'¿lgx}j
e'~hLo ef]ufg\ ?lw/k|lbUwfg\ ..%..
u'?hgh:tf dxfg'efjx¿nfO{ dfg{'eGbf t nf]sdf leIff dfu]/ lhpg' pko'St x'G5 . ;f+;fl/s
nfesf] rfxgf /fVg] eP klg cflv/ pxfFx¿ d]/f jGbgLo u'?x¿ x'g'x'G5 . pxfFx¿nfO{ df/]/ k|fKt
j:t' pkef]u ug{' eg]sf] d]/f lglDt /ut d'l5Psf] j:t' pkef]u ug{';/x g} xf] ..
g r}tlåßM st/Ggf] u/Lof]–
oåf ho]d olb jf gf] ho]o'M .
ofg]j xTjf g lhhLljiffd–
:t]˜jl:ytfM k|d'v] wft{/fi6«fM ..^..
xfdL s] klg hfGb}gf}+“ eg] xfdLn] pgLx¿;Fu o'4 ug{' / gug{' oL b'O{df s'g >]i7 xf] < cyjf
xfdL pgLx¿nfO{ lhT5f}+“ jf pgLx¿ xfdLnfO{ lhT5g\ of] klg xfdL hfGb}gf“} . h;nfO{ df/]/ xfdL afFRg
rfxFb}gf}“ tL w[t/fi6«sf 5f]/fx¿ g} xfd|f cufl8 o'4e"lddf cjl:yt 5g\ ..
sfk{0obf]iff]kxt:jefjM
k[R5fld Tjf+ wd{;Dd"9r]tfM .
oR5|]o« M :oflGglZrt+ a|"lx tGd]
lzio:t]˜x+ zflw df+ Tjf+ k|kGgd\ ..&..
x] dw';"bg Û cljBf¿kL bf]if jf ljj]ssf] b'a{ntfsf sf/0f d kLl8t 5' / wd{sf af/]df d]/f]
Åbo df]xu|:t 5 . To;}n] s] ugf{n] xfd|f] sNof0f x'G5 Tof] lglZrt u/]/ dnfO{ eGg'xf];\ . d xh'/sf]
lzio, xh'/sf] z/0fdf cfPsf] 5' dnfO{ pkb]z lbg'xf];\ ..
ch{'g u'?x¿nfO{ df/]/ ckoz ef]Ub} nf]sdf Cl4 / l;l4sf] pkef]u ug{' /fd|f] xf]Og
eGb5g\ . leIff dfUg' / o'4 ug{' oL b'O{dWo] xfdL wd{k/fo0fx¿sf nflu s'grflxF /fd|f] xf], of] klg
xfdL hfGb}gf}“ . ch{'g cfˆgf u''?hgx¿nfO{ df/]/ k|fKt ePsf] j:t'' pkef]u ug''{ eg]sf] cfˆgf lgldQ
/ut d''l5Psf] j:t'' pkof]u ug'{;/x xf] eGb5g\ . ho / k/fhosf] ljifodf ;+zo 5f]8L :jwd{
;Dem]/ o'4 u/]df klg l7s x'Fb}g lsgeg] o'4df cfˆgf lk|ohgx¿nfO{ dfbf{ xfdL klg hLljt /xg
;Sb}gf}“ t/ v]bsf] s'/f Û w[t/fi6«sf k'qx¿ dg]{ lgZro u/]/ ;ª\u|fddf cufl8 v8f 5g\ . ch{'g
cfˆg} s'/f dfq ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;f] x]bf{ t pgL s[i0fnfO{ ;f]w]h:tf] u5{g\ t/ cfˆgf ;a} s'/f
atfpFb} 5g\ . ch{'g eG5g\– x] eujg\ Û cljBfn] d]/f] dg 5f]lkPsf] x'Fbf daf6 plrt–cg'lrtsf]
af]w g} x/fPsf] 5 . ch{'gsf cg]sf}+ wf/fk|jfx Pjd\ ts{ ljts{k"0f{ lh1f;fsf sf/0f g} dfgj;dfhn]
lbJok'?if >Ls[i0faf6 cnf}lss uLtf 1fg k|fKt ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . ch{'gh:tf lzio / s[i0fh:tf
u'? ePdf dfgj;dfhdf cg]sf“}+ 1fgwf/f k|jflxt eO/xg] 5g\ .
ch{'g k'gM pkb]z lbP h:tf] ub}{ eG5g\– cfkmGtnfO{ df/]/ /Qmn] el/Psf] cGg vfg' klg
ljif vfP a/fa/ xf] . pgL To;/L ;d|f6\ x'g'eGbf t a? levf/L x'g' /fd|f] xf] eGb5g\ . ch{'g
Psflt/ lg0f{o g} ;'gfpFb} 5g\ / csf{lt/ k|Zg klg ;f]Wb} 5g\ . Psflt/ cljBfn] cfˆgf] dg
9flsPsfn] pkfo atfpg cg'/f]w u5{g\ clg csf{lt/ cfˆgf] 1fgsf] lg0f{o klg ;'gfpFb} 5g\ . ;fy}
dnfO{ dfu{bz{g ug{'xf];\ dw';"bg Û eGg klg 5f]8\b}gg\ . j:t'tM oL b'j} s'/f c;Ët 5g\ . cljBfn]

nf]suLtf– 25
cWofo–@
dg el/Psf] JolQm;Fu s;/L o:tf] ldYof1fg x''g ;S5 . ToxfF t s]xL klg gx'g'kg]{ xf] t/ ch{'g of]
l7s / of] a]l7s xf] eGg 5f]8\b}gg\ . ch{'gsf] bof¿kL cxª\sf/n] cfˆgf dfGohg / ;DaGwLx¿nfO{
df/]/ ;d|f6\ aGg'eGbf t levf/L x'g' /fd|f] 7fGb5 . cxª\sf/df JolQm dWodf g/x]/ b'O{ ljk/Lt
w|'jdf /xG5 . pgL larsf] s''/f gu/]/ ;d|f6\ of levf/L aGg] s'/f u5{g\ h;af6 pgsf] leqL
efjbzf k|s6 x'G5 .
ch{'g ;d|f6\ of levf/L b'O{ cltsf s'/f u5{g\ . o'4 u/]/ ljho k|fKt u/]df ;d|f6\ / knfog
ePdf levf/L x''g] 5g\ lsgeg] b'of]{wgn] l;of] hlQ hldg klg lbGgF eg]sfn] knfogaf6 k|fKt x'g]
cj:yf t levf/L cj:yf g} xf] . b'O{ cltx¿sf lardf c8\g ;Sg] JolQm g} cxª\sf/af6 d'Qm x'G5
eg]/ a'4 eGg'x'G5 . ch{'gn] b'O{ clt larsf s'/f u/]sf eP ;fob >Ls[i0fn] cs}{ 9Ën] pQ/
lbg'x'GYof] . ch{'gsf oL b'j} cltdf cxª\sf/ df}h'b 5 .
g lx k|kZofld ddfkg'Bfb\
oR5f]sd'R5f]if0fldlGb|of0ffd\ .
cjfKo e"dfj;kTgd[4+–
/fHo+ ;'/f0ffdlk rflwkTod\ ..*..
x] dw';"bg Û d]/f OlGb|ox¿nfO{ jz ug]{ of dgsf] zf]s x6fpg] s'g} pkfo d b]lVbgF . :ju{sf]
cflwkTo jf e"ldsf] lgis06s / wgwfGo ;DkGg /fHo kfP/ klg d cfkm"df lglxt zf]snfO{ x6fpg]
pkfo b]lVbg“ ..
;~ho pjfr
Pjd'STjf ÅifLs]z+ u'8fs]zM k/Gtk .
g of]T:o Olt uf]ljGbd'STjf t"i0fL+ ae"j x ..(..
;~hon] eg]– x] /fhg Û zq'db{g ch{'gn] pQm jrg >Ls[i0f dxf/fhnfO{ eGb} æx] uf]ljGb Û d
o'4 ulb{gÆF eg]/ r'k nfu] ..
td'jfr XifLs]zM k|x;lGgj ef/t .
;]gof]?eof]d{Wo] ljifLbGtldb+ jrM ..!)..
b'j} ;}GoJo"xsf lardf lrGtfu|:t eO{ plePsf ch{'gnfO{ OlG›ox¿sf :jfdL >Ls[i0fn] xfF:b}
cfˆgf jrgx¿dfkm{t lbzflgb]{z ug{ yfNg'eof] ..
ch{'g clgZrosf l:yltdf 5g\ . ;~ho eG5g\, d o'4 ulb{gF eGb} ch''{g /ydf a:5g\ .
o'4sf] clgZrosf] l:yltdf o:tf] lgZrok"0f{ efj pgdf k}bf x'g' ljrf/0fLo s'/f] xf] . o:tf]
clglZrt cj:yfdf klg ch{'g lglZrt eP/ cfˆgf] lg0ff{os egfO JoQm ub{5g\ . ch{'gsf] dg
cljBfn] el/Psf] 5 / pgL s[i0f;Fu ;xof]usf] ck]Iff klg ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgL cem} klg cfˆg}
lg0f{odf cl8u 5g\ . h'g JolQm hf]8 lbP/ d o:tf] jf p:tf] x'F egL jQmJo lbG5, oyfy{df pm
To;sf] l7s ljk/Lt x'G5 . cfkm" ;b}j ;To af]N5' eGg]] JolQm cGt:s/0fb]lv c;Tosf] kIfkf]if0f
u5{ cGoyf To;/L hf]8 lbP/ af]Ng} kb}{g . ch{'g Psflt/ cfk"mn] :ju{sf] cflwkTo jf e"ldsf]
lgis06s / wgwfGo ;DkGg /fHo kfP/ klg cfk"mdf lglxt zf]s x6fpg g;Sg] h:tf] lgisif{ ;lxt
o'4 gug]{ pb\3f]if u5{g\ eg] csf]{tk{m eujfg\ >Ls[i0f;Fu ;Nnfx klg dfUb5g\ . jf:tjdf o'4 gug]{
lgZroleq klg ch''{gsf] o'4 ug]{ dg;fo n''s]sf] 5 t/ ckozsf] ef/L s[i0fn] g} af]s"g\ eGg] pgsf]
rfxgf 5 . olb pgL ;fFlRrs} o'4 gug]{ kIfdf x'g\ eg] s[i0f;Fu s] ljifodf ;Nnfx dflu/x]sf 5g\
nf]suLtf– 26
 cWofo–@
eGg] s'/f ljrf/0fLo 5 . ch{'gsf] dg b'lawfu|:t 5 / pgL bf]xf]/f] lrQdf 5g\ . ch{'gsf] cfGtl/s
¿kdf clglZrt t/ af≈o ¿kdf lgZrofTds lg0f{o ;'g]/ Pjd\ pgsf] dgf]lj1fg a'em]/ eujfg\
>Ls[i0f xfF:b} lglb{i6 jrg af]Ng'x'G5 .
>Leujfg'jfr
czf]RofgGjzf]r:Tj+ k|1fjfbf+Zr efif;] .
utf;"gutf;"+Zr gfg'zf]rlGt kl08tfM ..!!..
x] ch{'g Û h;sf nflu zf]s ug{' Joy{ 5, To;sf nflu ltdL zf]s ul//x]sf 5f} / ltdL
ljåfg\x¿sf h:tf zf:qdf k|ltkflbt s'/fx¿ klg ub}{ 5f} . o;/L k/:k/ lj/f]wL dfu{sf] cjnDag
ug{ rfxg] ltdL kl08t xf]Ogf}, d"v{ xf} . 1fgL h;n] cfTdf / z/L/ s] xf] eGg]] s'/f hfg]sf] x'G5
p;n] hLljt jf d[tsx¿sf af/]df slxNo} lrGtf ub}{g ..
>Ls[i0fn] xfF:b} ch{'gnfO{ eg]sf] s'/f emg\ s7f]/ 5 . pxfF ch{'gnfO{ ltdL zf:qsf] efiff
af]Nb} 5f} t/ ltdL kl08t xf]Ogf} d"v{ xf} eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] ch{'g zf:qsf] efiff af]Nbf klg cfˆg}
lg0f{o lnFb} 5g\ . pgL zf:qLo dof{bfcg';f/ of] /fd|f] of] g/fd|f] egL b'lawfo'St s'/f ub}{ 5g\ /
zf:qaf6 pgL s]jn ;fIfL vf]Hb} 5g\ . lg0f{o t ch{'gn] lnO;s]sf 5g\ . d"v{ klg zf:qs} efiff
af]Ng ;S5 / zf:qaf6 cfkm"n] vf]h]sf] lgisif{ lgsfN5 . pm zf:qnfO{ s]jn ;fIfLkgsf ¿kdf
k|of]u ug{ rfxG5 .
o;}u/L ch{'g kl08t h:t} efiff klg af]Nb} 5g\ t/ pgnfO{ k|1f jf 1fg;“u s'g} k|of]hg
5}g . pgL ;a} zf:qx¿nfO{ cfˆgf kIfdf v8f ug{ rfxG5g\ / cfkm"nfO{ a'emSs8 7fg]/ g} cfˆgf
ts{x¿ lg/Gt/ k|:t't ul//x]sf 5g\ . ch{'gsf cufl8 :jod\ zf:q1 eujfg\ >Ls[i0f cfkm“}+ pkl:yt
x'g'x'G5 tyflk pgL zf:q1 >Ls[i0fnfO{ g} zf:qsf af/]df atfpFb} 5g\ . cfˆg} cufl8 :jod\
k"0f{1fg v8f x'g'x'G5 t/ To;sf] klxrfg ug{ g;s]/ ch{'g 1fg l;sfpFb} 5g\ . >Ls[i0f l;wf /
:ki6 s'/f eGb} x'g'x'G5 t/ ch{'g eg] w]/} ;do;Dd cGwf] / alx/f] h:tf] Jojxf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ .
pgL Psflt/ s[i0fnfO{ eujfg\ egL ;Daf]wg ub{5g\ csf{lt/ s[i0fnfO{ /fd|/L x]bf{ klg x]b}{gg\ .
ch{'gn] Psk6s s[i0fsf cfFvfdf /fd|/L x]/]sf eP ;To t plxNo} k|s6 eO;SYof] . eujfg\
>Ls[i0fn] :jod\ ch{'gsf ;f/yL eP/ /ysf] nufd lng'ePsf] 5 . pxfFnfO{ g} ;j{:j ;dk{0f ubf{
ch{'g ;d:ofljxLg x'g] lyP . pgL s[i0fnfO{ eujfg\ t eG5g\ t/ b'lawfu|:t dgsf sf/0f eujfGf\sf]
zlQmnfO{ klxrfg ug{ c;dy{ b]lvG5g\ .
lh;;sf] ef}lts z/L/nfO{ gi6 ug]{ qmddf clGtd ;dodf ha pgsf xftdf lsnf 7f]lsof],
ta pgsf d'vaf6 Ps jfSo lgl:sof] æx] eujg\ Û of] s] b]vfO/x]sf 5f},Æ o;sf] cy{ lh;;
eujfg\sf] lg0f{osf] k|lts""n c¿ g} s'/f x]g{ rfxGYf] t/ tTsfn pgsf] d'vaf6 bf];|f] jfSo klg
lgl:sof] æx] b]j Û dnfO{ Ifdf u/, h:tf] ltd|f] dhL{ .Æ klxnf] jrg af]Nbf pgL dl/odsf 5f]/f
lh;; lyP / csf]{ jrgdf qmflGt 3l6t eP/ pgL qmfO:6 eP . ch{'gnfO{ s[i0fk|lt ljZjf; ePsf]
eP ;Daf]wgdf dfq xf]Og Jojxf/df g} eujfGf\sf ¿kdf lnGy] / cfb]z kfng klg uy]{ . pgnfO{
eujfGf\sf] cem} cg'e"lt ePsf] 5}g To;}n] pgL d o'4 ulb{gF elg/x]sf 5g\ .
g Tj]jfx+ hft' gf;+ g Tj+ g]d] hgflwkfM .
g r}j g eljiofdM ;j]{ jodtM k/d\ ..!@..

nf]suLtf– 27
cWofo–@
eujfg\ eGg'x'G5– d, ltdL / oL /fhfx¿ lxhf] gePsf xf]Ogf}+ / eljiodf klg xfdL g/xg]
xf]Ogf}+ . cyf{t\ lxhf] klg d, ltdL / oL /fhfx¿sf] :jtGq cl:tTj lyof] / ef]ln klg xfdL ;a}sf]
:jtGq cl:tTj /xg] 5 ..
ch{'g o'4df ;+nUg JolQmx¿ clxn] dfq 5g\ / d[To'kl5 :jtM ltgLx¿ ;dfKt x'G5g\ eGg]]
;f]Rb5g\ t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– clxn] hf] JolQmx¿ 5g\, tL lxhf] klg lyP / ef]ln klg /xg] 5g\
ltgLx¿sf] ef}lts z/L/ dfq gi6 x'g] xf] . lj1fgn]] klg j:t'nfO{ gi6 ug{ ;lsGg / To;nfO{
l;h{gf klg ug{ ;lsFb}g eg]/ k''li6 u/]sf] 5 . c0f't'No j:t'nfO{ klg gi6 ug{ ;lsFb}g s]jn
j:t'nfO{ ¿kfGtl/t u/]/ gofF ¿k dfq lbg ;lsG5 . h;nfO{ ;[hg elgG5 Tof] klg …gofF ¿kÚ sf]
;[hgf dfq xf] gofF cl:tTj xf]Og / h;nfO{ ljgfz elgG5+ Tof] klg cl:tTjsf] ljgfz xf]Og s]jn
¿ksf] dfq ljgfz xf] .
cfs[ltx¿ kl/jlt{t x'G5g\ t/ h] cfs[ltleq n's]sf] 5 To;nfO{ abNg ;lsFb}g . of] t
uf8Lsf] lsnf / kfª\u|f h:tf] 5 . lsnf s]G›df 5, hf] 3'Db}g, To;df c8\ofPsf] rSsf jf kfª\u|f
dfq 3'Db5 . olb rSsfnfO{ lsnfaf6 cnu u¥of}+ eg] rSsf 3'Dg ;Sb}g . rSsfsf] k|s[lt 3'Dg] eP
klg lsnfdf ghf]8\bf;Dd Tof] 3'Db}g . cfˆgf cufl8 plePsf ;a} hgf o'4df dfl/g] 5g\ eGg]]
;f]rn] ch{'g lrlGtt 5g\ t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;nfO{ ltdL cfh b]lv/x]sf 5f} pgLx¿ klxn] klg
lyP, cfh klg 5g\ / ef]ln klg cl:tTjdf /xg] 5g\ . d, ltdL / oxfF ePsf ;a} cgflbb]lv cgGt
sfn;Dd cl:tTjjfg\ 5f}+ . oxfF ch{'g / >Ls[i0f b'O{ cnu s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5– ch{'g ¿ksf], ef}lts
hut\sf] s'/f ub{5g\ eg] >Ls[i0f c¿ksf], cef}lts cyf{t\ cb[Zo hut\sf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .
j:t'sf] cfsf/ jf :j¿k kl/jt{gzLn 5 . clxn] h'g ¿kdf j:t' b]lvG5g\ Tof] If0fe/
klxn] lyPg . Psl5g cl3sf] cfsf/ jf :j¿k Psl5gkl5 :jtM ablnG5≤ pxL ¿kdf x'Fb}g t/
c¿k slxn] abln“b}g . a'4 cfkm"nfO{ e]6\g cfpg]nfO{ eGg'x'GYof]– Psl5g cl3 ltdL e]6\g cfpFbf h]
lyof}, Psl5gkl5 ltdL ToxL ¿kdf x'Fb}gf} . x/]s ;ft jif{df dflg;sf] z/L/sf ;a} c0f'x¿
kl/jlt{t x'G5g\ . gofF c0f' hlGdG5g\ / d[t c0f' z/L/af6 aflx/ lgl:sG5g\ . ef]hgaf6 xfdL gofF
j:t' leq k7fpF5f}+ / ljsf/ ljljw åf/af6 aflx/ lgl:sG5 . Pp6f JolQmsf] hLjgsf] lqmofnfO{ x]g]{
xf] eg] p;df cg]sfF} kl/jt{g eO{ g} /x]sf x'G5g\ . cl:tTj g} kl/jt{glzn 5 . oxfF ;"o{, rG›,
tf/fx¿ ;a} x/kn kl/jt{g eO/x]sf 5g\ .
xfdL;Fu lgs6d tf/fsf] k|sfz wtL{;Dd cfOk'Ug rf/ jif{ nfU5 . k|sfzsf] ls/0f Ps
;]s]G8df !,*^,))) dfOnsf] /ˆtf/df rN5 . cem k/sf tf/fx¿ klg 5g\ h;nfO{ k|sfz k'¥ofpg
;of}+ jif{ klg nfUg ;S5 . o:tf klg tf/f 5g\ hf] rf/ ca{ jif{cl3 ag]sf] k[YjLdf cem;Dd k|sfz
k'¥ofpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . h] xfdL clxn] b]lv/x]sf 5f}+ Tof]] ToxL cfs[ltdf x'Fb}g≤ knkn kl/jt{g
eO/x]sf] x'G5 . cfs[ltsf af/]df ;w“}+sf] t s'/f gu/f}F If0fe/df klg j:t' ToxL ¿kdf /xFb}g . u|Ls
bz{gzf:qL x]/flSn6; (Heraclitus) n] eg]sf 5g\– ltdL Pp6} gbL kf/ ubf{ pxL :yfgdf b'O{ k6s
kfOnf /fVg ;Sb}gf} . b'O{k6s xf]Og Ps kn klg ToxL gbLdf kfOnf /fVg ;lsGg . kfOnf
/fVbf/fVb} gbLsf] Tof] ¿k kl/jt{g eO;s]sf] x'G5 lsgeg] gbL bf}l8/x]sf] 5 . cfs[lt gbL h:t}
alu/x]sf] 5 / k|ltkn kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] 5 . ch{'g of] ¿ksf] hut\k|lt lrlGtt eP/ k|ltIf0f
dl//x]sf JolQmx¿ d/] eg] s] x''G5 eg]/ ;f]Wb5g\ . pgL c;Dejsf nflu lrlGtt 5g\ . cfs[ltnfO{
If0fe/ t arfpg ;lsGg eg] ;b}j arfpg] t k|Zg g} cfpFb}g .

nf]suLtf– 28
 cWofo–@
cfs[lt, ¿k, t/Ë, Wjlgsf] hut\ k"/f ;do slDkt 5 . xfdL ;a} slDkt Pjd\ t/lËt 5f}+ .
x/If0f abln/xg] hut\ of j:t'nfO{ abNg] k|of; g} ljlIfKttf xf] . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5–
ltdL oL ;a} hgf d5{g\ eGg] 7fGb5f} t/ logLx¿ klxn] klg lyP / kl5 klg x'g] 5g\ . t;y{ ltdL
logLx¿sf] dg]{ lrGtf gu/ . g logLx¿ d5{g\ g t ltdLn] dfg{ g} ;S5f} . hf] dg]{jfnf 5 p;nfO{
rfx]/ klg arfpg ;lsGg / hf] gdg]{ jfnf 5 p;nfO{ rfx]/ klg dfg{ ;lsGg≤ t;y{ lrGtf ug{'
Joy{ 5 . lu|s bfz{lgs ;'s/ft (Socrates) cfkm"nfO{ kmfF;L lbg nfu]sf a]nfdf klg k|;Gg lyP .
o:tf] b[Zo b]v]/ pgsf lzio Kn]6f] (Plato) n] tkfO{+ lrlGtt b]lvg'x'Gg, tkfO{+nfO{ d[To'sf] eo 5}g
eg]/ ;f]w] . ;'s/ftn] eGg'eof]– d o;sf/0f lrlGtt 5}g ls olb dg]{] g} xf] eg] lsg lrGtf ug''{,
olb d afFRb} afFlRbgF eg] lrGtf s;n] ug]{ / sf] b''MvL x''G5 . ;fy} d d/]+ eg]/ hfGg] klg sf]xL x'Fb}g .
olb d/]/ klg d[To' x'Fb}g eg] lrGtf ug{'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo 5}g .
o; hut\df ¿ksf af/]df lrGtf lng' a]sf/ 5 lsgeg] Tof] gflzg] xf] / Tof] cjZo}
gflzG5 . To;}u/L c¿ksf ;DaGwdf klg lrGtf ug{' Joy{ 5 lsgeg] Tof] slxNo} gfz x'Fb}g /
To;nfO{ s;}n] klg gfz ug{ ;Sb}g . ch{'gnfO{ c¿ksf af/]df s'g} hfgsf/L g} 5}g . >Ls[i0fnfO{
ch''{gleqsf] tŒj slxn] klg db}{g eg]/ /fd|f];Fu yfxf 5, t/ ch''{gnfO{ o; s'/fsf] s''g} 1fg 5}g .
To;}n] cfTd1fg dfq 1fg xf] / afFsL ;a} 1fg c1fg dfq x'g\ . ch{'gsf] 1fg klg c1fgdf
cfwfl/t 5 . ch{'g a8f] wd{sf] s'/f u5{g\ t/ pgnfO{ ¿keGbf lEfGg c¿k tŒj klg x'G5 eGg]]
1fg g} 5}g . o;/L cd[tsf] hfgsf/L gePsf] JolQm c1fgdf x'G5 . t/Ë ;fu/df pn{G5 t/ ;fu/
:jod\ t/Ë xf]Og . ;fu/ t/Ëljgf klg x'g ;S5 . t/ËnfO{ PsIf0f dfq x]g{ ;lsG5 lsgeg] Tof]
tTsfn kl/jt{g eOxfN5 . t/Ësf] tfTko{ h;df x''g' / gx''g' Ps;fy eO/xG5 . hf] ;fu/nfO{
hfGb5 pm z/L/sf] hGd / d[To'sf af/]df lrlGtt x'Fb}g . eujfg\ >Ls[i0f ;fu/sf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5
eg] ch{'g t/Ësf] s'/f ub}{ 5g\ . uLtfdf nfdf] ;+jfb x'gfsf] sf/0f klg k"j{ / klZrdh:tf]
ljk/Lttf eP/ xf] . ch{'g af/Daf/ t/Ësf] s'/f u5{g\ / >Ls[i0f ;fu/sf] s''/f ug{'x'G5 . To;}n]
ldng ljGb' klxNofpg >Ls[i0fn] lgs} s;/t ug''{ k/]sf] xf] . ch{'gsf] ;f/f kL8fsf] d"n sf/0f g}
cfTd–c1fg xf] .
>Ls[i0f ;jf]{Rr ›i6f, 1ftf / k"0f{ k/LlIft x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] t pxfF e"t, eljio / jt{dfgsf
›i6f cyf{t\ lqsfnbzL{ x'g'x'G5 t/ ch{'g jt{dfg dfq b]V5g\ . pgL e"t / eljiosf af/]df cgle1
5g\ . >Ls[i0fsf] r]tgfsf] tx ;bfjxf/ jf zfZjt 5 / pxfFsf nflu ;a} zfZjt jt{dfg xf] .
ch{'g gfdsf] JolQm lxhf] klg lyof] eGg]] e"n ch{'gnfO{ x'g ;S5 . ch{'g gfdsf] JolQm t s]jn
Ps j:q xf], hf] d[To'kl5 k]ml/P/ ToxL j:q /x“b}g t/ h'g s'/fdf Tof] j:q 6fFluG5 Tof] v'§L lxhf]
klg lyof], cfh klg 5 / ef]ln klg /xg] 5 . cfs[lt k|s6 cleJolQm xf] eg] cgfs[lt cl:tTj xf] .
cl:tTj Tolt g} k|s6 x'G5 hlt xfdL;Fu OlG›o 5 . ljleGg t/Ëx¿ k|;fl/t eO/x]sf x'G5g\ t/
/]l8of]df xfdLn] ;'Gg rfx]sf] t/Ë dfq ;''Gg ;S5f}F . j}1flgsx¿n] krf; xhf/ u|xdf hLjg 5
eGg]] ;Defjgf bzf{Psf 5g\, h'g xfdL hfGb}gf“}+ / Tof] xfd|f] IfdtfeGbf aflx/sf] s'/f xf] . cl:tTj
leqL 36gf xf] hf] k|s6 ePdf cleJoQm hut\ / hLjg x''G5 eg] ck|s6 ePdf cJoQm cl:tTj
x''G5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ;DemfpFb} eGg'x'G5, h] k|s6 eof] Tof] dfq ltdL xf]Ogf}, h] k|s6 ePsf] 5}g
Tof] klg ltdL xf} . Tof] ck|s6 cgflb x''gfn] ;f/f cleJolQmkl5 klg Tof] z]if /xG5 .

nf]suLtf– 29
cWofo–@
b]lxgf]˜l:dGoyf b]x] sf}df/+ of}jg+ h/f .
tyf b]xfGt/k|flKtwL{/:tq g d'Xolt ..!#..
h;/L of] z/L/:y cfTdf afNofj:yfaf6 of}jgfj:yfdf / of}jgfj:yfaf6 j[4fj:yflt/
lg/Gt/ kl/jt{g eO/xG5, To;/L g} of] cfTdfn] lgZro g} Pp6f z/L/af6 lg:s]/ csf]{ ef}lts of
cfWoflTds z/L/ k|fKt ug]{ ePsfn] wL/ k''?if of] kl/jt{gnfO{ b]v]/ z/L/sf] cj;fgdf df]lxt
x'bF }gg\ ..
z/L/df afns, o'jf / j[4fj:yf nufotsf kl/jt{gx¿ b]lvG5g\ t/ To;leq /x]sf] cfTdf
kl/jt{g geP/ Pp6} x'G5 . To;}u/L z/L/sf] d[To''kl5 cfTdfn] gofF z/L/ k|fKt u5{ t/ cfTdf
slxNo} klg db}{g . eujfg\ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– oxfF sf]xL klg l:y/ 5}g . ltdL h'g cfs[ltnfO{
lgofln/x]5f}, Tof] cfs[lt klg qmdzM afns, o'jf x'Fb} a'9f] eO/x]sf] 5 . cfdfsf] sf]vdf ePsf]
lk08 dfgjfs[ltsf] ¿kdf ablnP/ clxn]sf] cfs[ltdf k|fKt x'G5 / nuftf/ km]/abn eO/xG5 . h'g
cfs[ltnfO{ b]v]/ ltdL of] d]l6G5 egL lrGtf u5f}{ Tof] cfs[lt t k|ltIf0f x/fO{ g} /x]sf] 5 .
dg'iosf] ;f/f hLjg d[To'lt/ g} al9/x]sf] 5 . hGdb]lv clGtd ofqf;Dd xfdL k|ltIf0f kl/jlt{t
eO/x]sf 5f}+ tyflk xfdLnfO{ cfk""m pxL g} 5f}+ h:tf] nfU5 . xfdLleq /x]sf] Tof] gablng] tŒjsf]
cg'ej ePdf dfq æd t pxL x'FÆ eGg ;S5f}F . xfdL afns, o'jf / a'9f] eP klg leqsf] cfTdtŒj
slxNo} kl/jt{g x'Fb}g . hGd–d[To'' l:ylt dfq xf] h'g cfpF5, 36\5 / hfG5 t/ leqsf] cd[t tŒj
;w“}+ l:y/, ckl/jt{gzLn / zfZjt /xG5 / wL/ k'?if of] kl/jt{gnfO{ b]v]/ z/L/sf] cj;fgdf
df]lxt x'Fb}gg\ . eujfg\ >Ls[i0f To;}sf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .
d[To'kl5 klg cfTdfsf] cl:tTj / cleJolQm b''j} x''G5 . csf]{ z/L/ wf/0f ug]{ l;nl;nfdf
;"Id z/L/sf] cleJolQmsf] dfWod dfq ablnG5 . ;fwf/0f ef}lts z/L/ hn]/ gi6 eP klg
xfdLleq ;"Id z/L/ klg x'G5 . ;fwf/0f d[To'df xfd|f] :y"n z/L/ hn]/ gi6 x'G5 / cfTdf ;Dk"0f{
:d[ltsf ;fy ;"Id z/L/ lnP/ ofqf u5{ . ToxL ;"Id z/L/df xfd|f ;f/f :d[lt, jf;gf, sfdgf,
cg'ej / ;f/f sd{x¿ ;ª\u|lxt x'G5g\ / ;Fu} ofqf u5{g\ . ;"Id z/L/ gofF z/L/sf] cfwf/ xf] .
xfdLn] u/]sf sd{ Pjd\ kfk, k'0o, ljrf/, 1fg, cxª\sf/ cflb ;f/f s'/fn] ;"Id z/L/ o''Qm x''G5
Pjd\ oL ;a} ;ª\u|lxt s''/fx¿sf ;fy ;""Id z/L/n] gofF z/L/ u|x0f u5{ . ;"Id z/L/ geO{ gofF
z/L/ u|x0f x'g ;Sb}g .
hLjgel/sf xfd|f sfdgf, OR5f, rfxgfx¿ ;"Id z/L/df n's]/ k|tLIff u5{g\ / gofF z/L/
u|x0f ubf{ k'gM tL ;a} ;Fu;Fu} lnP/ ofqf k|f/De x'G5 . JolQm ha jf;gfz"Go x'G5 ta ;"Id z/L/
6'6]/ ;dfKt x'G5 / hGd–d[To'sf] ofqf ;dfKt eP/ s]jn cl:tTj dfq afFsL /xG5 . ;+;f/df
cfpg] hfg] k|lqmofaf6 d'Qm x'g' cleJolQmaf6 d'Qm x'g' xf] . Tof] z'4 cl:tTjsf] vf]h xf] hxfF x'g'
(Just being) dfq /xG5 . h'g ;dodf xfdL jf;gf, rfxgf 5f]8]/ d5f}{+ ta ;"Id z/L/ ToxLF ;dfKt
x'G5 .
dfqf:kzf{:t' sf}Gt]o zLtf]i0f;'vb'MvbfM .
cfudfkflogf]˜lgTof:tf+l:tltIf:j ef/t ..!$..
x] ch{'g Û b'v / ;'v t hf8f] / udL{ h:t} ;doqmddf cfpg] hfg] c:yfoL jf clgTo ljifo
x'g\ h'g OlG›o / ljifosf ;DaGwaf6 pTkGg x'G5g\ . t;y{ o:tf clgTo s'/fnfO{ ljrlnt geO{sg
;xg u/ ..

nf]suLtf– 30
 cWofo–@
hf] hGdG5, pm db{5 . hf] pTkGg x'G5, pm gi6 x'G5 . h] l;h{gf x'G5 Tof] cjZo ljgfz
x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf] hfu/0f cfof] eg] s;}sf] hGd o+f d[To'df b'vsf] cg'e"lt x'Fb}g . ;fy} hf] ;dfKt
x'Fbf b'v x'Fb}g, pm x'Fbf klg ;'vL x'g] s'g} sf/0f g} xF'b}g . xfd|f] ;'v–b'vsf] sf/0f xfd|f] e|flGt xf] /
xfdLnfO{ h] 5 Tof] ;bfsf nflu /xG5 eGg] nfU5 . h;n] hGdFb} d[To' b]Vg ;S5, p;nfO{ hGdFbf
s'g} v';Lsf] cg'e"lt x'Fb}g / d[To'df b'v klg x'Fb}g . ha ;'v / b'v x6\5, ta cfgGb dfq /xG5 .
;'v / b'v Pp6} l;Ssfsf b'O{ kf6f x'g\ . h;n] ldngdf lj/x b]Vb}g, To;n] ldngsf] Ifl0fs ;'v
dfq kfpF5 . ldng / la5f]8 Ps} k|lqmofsf b'O{ lx:;f x'g\ . To;}n] hf] ;'vL 5, Tof] b'vtkm{ cu|;/
eO/x]sf] 5 . hf] aG5 Tof] ljgfz x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cfˆgf] st{Jo lgjf{x ug]{ qmddf
cfpg] hfg] ;'vb'v t hf8f]–udL{h:t} c:yfoL ¿kdf cfpg] ljifo x'gfn] o:tf clgTo s'/fnfO{
ljrlnt geO{ ;xg u/ . t/ xfdL cfwf ;To dfq b]V5f}F / b'vL x'G5f}F . h'g JolQmn] k"0f{ ;To b]Vg
;S5 To;nfO{ cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 . c;To klg ;Tosf] cfwf/df dfq x'G5 cGoyf c;To x'Fb} x'Fb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] kfy{, ltdL cfwf ;TonfO{ b]v]/ ljrlnt eO/x]sf 5f} To;}n] ltdL k"/f ;TonfO{
x]/ . hLjg Ps 5]paf6 csf]{ 5]p;Ddsf] ofqf xf] . ;'vaf6 b'v / b'vaf6 ;'v;Ddsf] ofqf xf] .
To;}n] x] ef/t Û k"/f ;TonfO{ x]/ / o:ff] u¥of} eg] ltdL plåUg x'g] 5}gf} .
o+ lx g JoyoGTo]t] k'?if+ k'?ifif{e .
;db'Mv;'v+ wL/+ ;f]˜d[tTjfo sNkt] ..!%..
x] k'?if>]i7 Û ;'v / b'vaf6 ljrlnt gx'g] / hf8f] tyf udL{df ;dfg cj:yfdf /xg] wL/
k'?ifx¿ g} d'lQm k|fKt ug{ ;Ifd x'G5g\ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] JolQm ;'v / b'v b'j}nfO{ ;dfg 7fG5 Tof] g} 1fgL xf] . h;n] hGdsf]
;dodf g} d[To' b]V5, ;'vdf klg b'vsf] 5fof b]V5, ldngdf lj/xnfO{ b]V5 / hf] ljk/Lt
k|ltkmnnfO{ b]Vg ;S5 Tof] g} 1fgL xf] . xfd|f] cg''ejdf o:tf] s''g} ;kmntf 5}g hf] c;kmntf
gePsf] xf];\ . nfpT;'' -LaoTzu_ eG5g\, dnfO{ s;}n] x/fpg ;Sb}g lsgeg] d}n] slxNo} lhTg]
k|of; g} ul/gF . hf] ;'v rfxG5, ToxL b'vdf kl/0ft x'G5 . 1fgL JolQmdf ;'v / b'vsf] rog
x'Fb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL k"/f x]/, 1fgL ag, x/]s ljk/Lttfdf ;d ag / a|Xdefj
k|fKt u/ lsgeg] o:tf] ;d cj:yfdf /xg ;Sg] wL/ k'¿ifx¿ g}+ d'lQm k|fKt ug{ ;Ifd x'G5g\ .
gf;tf] ljBt] efjf] gfefjf] ljBt] ;tM .
peof]/lk b[i6f]˜Gt:Tjgof]:tŒjblz{leM ..!^..
c;t\ j:t' cyf{t\ ef}lts hut\ / z/L/sf] cl:tTj x'bF }g jf Tof] lr/:yfoL x'bF }g eg] ;t\ j:t'
cfTdfsf] kl/jt{g jf gfz x'bF }g . tŒjbzL{x¿n] oL b'j}sf] /x:o a'em]sf / cg'ej u/]sf 5g\ ..
;t\ / c;t\sf] e]bnfO{ lrGg' g} 1fg / k|1f xf] . ;kgf / oyfy{sf] cGt/nfO{ hfGg' g}
d'lQmsf] dfu{ xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] 5, ;bf 5 / ;bf x''G5 Tof] ;t\ xf] / hf] slxNo} lyPg /
eljiodf klg x'g] 5}g Tof] c;t\ xf] . ;fwf/0ftof xfdL æ5}gÆ eGg] lqmofkbsf] k|of]u u5f}{+ / o:tf]
kbsf] k|of]u ug{' klg cfjZos 5}g lsgeg] h] 5}g, Tof] 5}g . To;}n] c;t\sf] cy{ 5}g eGg] dfq
xf]Og . c;t\sf] cy{ hf] 5}g t/ klg 5 h:tf] e|d lbg] dfq x'G5 .
c;t\ ;To h:tf] nfU5 t/ of] ;kgf dfq xf] . ;kgf b]v'Gh]n Tof] ;To h:tf] nfU5 t/
lapFlemg] lalQs} ;a} ;kgf c;To ;flat x'G5 . of] ;To k|tLt x'g] kl/jlt{t hut\ jf:tjdf c;t\
xf] . ;+;f/nfO{ c;t\ eGg'sf] cy{ hf] hfu[t\ eP/ b]V5 To;nfO{ ;+;f/ klg ;kgf h:t} nfUg] 5 .

nf]suLtf– 31
cWofo–@
>Ls[i0f eGGf'x'G5– hf] lxhf] lyPg / ef]ln klg x'Fb}g, s]jn cfh dfq 5 Tof] c;t\ xf] . c;t\ e"t /
eljiodf x'Fb}g s]jn jt{dfg cyf{t\ larsf] cjlwdf dfq x'G5 . t/ hf] lxhf] klg lyof], cfh 5 /
ef]ln klg x'g] 5 cyf{t\ e"t, eljio / jt{dfgdf ;b}j /xg] zfZjt j:t' g} ;t\ xf] . hf] ;kgf /
hfu/0f b'j} cj:yfdf 5 Tof] ;t\ xf] . ;t\ r]tgfsf] x/ cj:yfdf x'g] x'Fbf of] ;bf, cgflb, ;gftg
/ cgGt 5 . ;t\sf] af]w ePkl5 s'g} JolQm b'vL / ljrlnt x'Fb}g lsgeg] p;nfO{ h'g z/L/ Ps
If0fcl3 lyPg, clxn] 5 / Ps If0fkl5 x'g] 5}g eGg] yfxf x'G5 . b'j} lsgf/ cyf{t\ e"t / eljiodf
klg x''g] cgGt lj:tf/ hf] lardf klg 5 Tof] ;t\ xf] eg] b'j} lsgf/df gx'g] lardf dfq x'g] c;t\
xf] . ;'v hf] If0fe/ klxn] lyPg, clxn] If0fe/sf nflu 5 / If0fe/kl5 x'Fb}g Tof] c;t\ xf] . b'v
:yfoL 5}g s]jn Ifl0fs ;dosf nflu dfq 5 . z/L/ hf] clxn] 5, If0fe/ klxn] lyPg /
If0fe/kl5 km]l/ x'Fb}g Tof] c;t\ / Ifl0fs xf] . cl3kl5 gx'g] / lardf dfq x'g] t wf]sf / e|d dfq
xf] .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGGf'x'G5– hf] ctLtdf lyPgg\ / eljiodf klg x'g] 5}gg\, s]jn lardf b]vf
k/]sf JolQm jf ;DaGwL hgx¿sf nflu b'vL x'g' / df]xdf kg{' plrt xf]Og lsgeg] pgLx¿ j:t'tM
clxn] klg 5}gg\ s]jn ePsf] h:tf] b]lvg] ;kgf / e|d dfq x'g\ . h;sf] cGTosf] cfzª\sfn]
eoeLt eP/ lrGtf ub}{ 5f} pgLx¿ s]xL If0fkl5 x'Fb}gg\ . ;kgfaf6 lapFemF bf ;kgf c;To k|tLt
eP h:t} 1fg k|fKt ePkl5 aflx/L cfFvfn] b]v]sf ;a} ef}lts j:t' jf z/L/ c;t\ x'g\ eGg]] af]w
x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGGf'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û c;t\df xf]Og, ;t\df Wofg b]pm / ;t\ ltdLnfO{ cfef;
ePsf] 5}g eg] klg To;nfO{ vf]h . hLjgdf ;t\sf] vf]h c;t\af6 ;'? x'G5 . c;t\nfO{ c;t\ eg]/
lrGg ;t\sf] w/ftndf pleP/ vf]Hg'k5{ . ha;Dd ;t\nfO{ lrGg ;lsGg, ta;Dd c;t\ eg]/ yfxf
kfpg ;lsGg .
xfdL h;nfO{ c;t\ eG5f}+ To;sf] cfwf/ klg ;t\ g} xf]≤ of] cFWof/f]df Pp6f 8f]/L b]Vbf
To;nfO{ ;k{ egL 7fGg'h:t} xf] . To:t} ;t\sf cfwf/df c;t\nfO{ lrGg ;lsG5 . kbfy{sf] k5fl8
klg k/dfTdf 5 . t/Ë jf 5fnsf k5fl8 ;fu/ 5 . xfdL ePsf] sf/0fn] gbLdf xfd|f] k|ltljDa
b]lvG5 / xfdL gePdf k|ltljDa b]lvFb}g . Tof] k|ltljDa ;t\ xf]Og s]jn cfs[lt dfq xf] t/ Tof]
k|ltljDa hxfFaf6 pTkGg x'G5 Tof] ;t\ xf] . c;t\ ;t\sf] If0fe/sf] emns dfq xf] / ToxL
emnsaf6 Tof] lg/fsf/nfO{ lrGg ;Sg' g} ;t\nfO{ lrGg' xf] . of] ;+;f/ k|ltljDa Pjd\ cfs[ltx¿sf]
hut\ xf] . To;}n] c;t\af6 ;'? u/]/ ;t\nfO{ vf]Hg'k5{ . ;kgfnfO{ ;kgfsf] ¿kdf a'‰g ;lsof] eg]
c;t\ x/fpg] 5 . c;t\nfO{ ;kgfsf] ¿kdf x]g]{ k|of; u/]df lg/Gt/sf] cEof;af6 ;t\df k'Ug
;lsG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] ;t\ / c;t\sf] e]bnfO{ hfGb5 To;n] 1fg k|fKt ub{5 . h'g s'/f
xfdL k|of; u/]/ klg x6fpg ;Sb}gf}+“, hf] ;bf /lx/xG5 Tof] ;t\, zfZjt / cgGt xf] . c;t\ ;w}+
;doleq x'G5 . c;t\df ;dosf] lqsflns ljefhg lxhf], cfh / ef]ln x'G5 t/ ;t\df ;do
ljeflht x'Fb}g . c;t\ Ifl0fs x'G5 / ;t\ ;b}j If0fsf] kf/ x'G5 . >Ls'i0f eGg'x'G5– o;sf] e]bnfO{
hfGg] JolQm g} 1fgL xf] .
cljgflz t' tlål4 o]g ;j{ldb+ ttd\ .
ljgfzdJoo:of:o g slZrTst{'dx{lt ..!&..
hf] of] ljZj a|Xdf08df JofKt 5, cyf{t\ ;Dk"0f{ z/L/x¿df JofKt 5, Tof] ;"Id j:t'
cljgfzL 5 . Tof] O{Zj/Lo c+z cfTdf cljgfzL ePsfn] s;}n] o;sf] ljgfz ug{ ;Sb}g . h;df of]
;f/f a|Xdf08 JofKt 5 Tof] :y"n j:t' jf a|Xdf08 eg] gfzjfg\ 5 ..

nf]suLtf– 32
 cWofo–@
Pp6f sf]7fdf ePsf] vfnLkgn] sf]7fnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kn] JofKt u/]sf] 5 . of] vfnLkg sf]7f aGg'
cl3 klg lyof], ef]ln sf]7f gePdf klg /xG5 / cfh sf]7f x'Fbf klg df}h'b 5 . vfnLkg ;bf /xG5 .
?v, dflg; cflb 5g\ eGg ldN5 t/ vfnLkg jf k/dfTdf 5 eGg' k'g?lQm xf] . To;}n] a'4n]
slxNo} k/dfTdf 5 eGg' ePg t/ ga'‰g] dflg;x¿nfO{ a'4 gfl:ts x'g'x'G5 eGg] nfUof] . 5 t
To;}nfO{ elgG5, hf] gx'g klg ;S5 . k/dfTdf zfZjt, cgflb / ;gftg 5≤ To;}n] p;nfO{ 5
elg/xg' cfjZos 5}g . To:t} vfnLkg klg ;bfb]lv 5 t;y{ vfnLkg 5 elg/xg cfjZos 5}g .
uf/f] nufP/ agfOPsf] sf]7f klg vfnLkg xf]Og .
of] lj/f6\ ljZj a|xdf08 cgGt;Dd km}lnPsf] 5 h;sf] cflb / cGTo 5}g . a|xdf08sf] cy{
g} c;Lldt x''g' xf] . of] cgGt vfnLkg g} ;t\ xf] / of] cgGt vfnLkgdf w]/} s'/f aG5g\ / gi6
x'G5g\ lsgeg] tL ;a} c;t\ x'g\ . Pp6f j[If vfnLkgdf kfn'jf xfN5, km"n km'N5, kmn nfU5, kfS5
/ gi6 x'G5 . Tof] vfnLkg ?v pld|g' cl3, ?v aGg] k|lqmofdf, ?v ag]kl5 klg / gi6 x'Fbf klg
/xg] 5 . vfnLkgdf lrh aG5 / gi6 x'G5 . Tof] af≈o b[li6n] uf]r/ x'g] s'/f :y"n xf] t/ Tof]
vfnLkg hf] uf]r/ 5}g Tof] slxNo} klg aGb}g / gi6 klg x'Fb}g . Tof] ;"Id / cb[io 5 . :y"nsf]
;fgf] eGbf ;fgf] lx:;f klg ;"Id xf]Og . s'g} klg pks/0faf6 b]lvg] lrh ;fgf] eGbf ;fgf]
ljB'Tf\sf] s0fnfO{ klg ;"Id elgFb}g . ;"Id t slxNo} b]lvFb}g / b]Vg klg ;lsFb}g . >Ls[i0f ToxL
;"Idsf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 hf] cljgfzL 5 h;sf nflu zAb 5}g / Tof] OZj/Lo c+z cfTdf cljgfzL
ePsf]n] s;}n] o;sf] ljgfz ug{ ;Sb}g t/ h;df of] ;f/f a|Xdf08 JofKt 5 Tof] :y"n j:t' jf
a|Xdf08 eg] gfzjfg\ 5 . olb c;Lldt eGg' k/] klg ;Ldfaf6 g} eGg'k5{ . dg'iosf cleJolQmsf
zAbx¿ ;a} hf]8Ldf (Pairs) 5g\ . OlG›osf] lgoGq0fdf cfpg] s'/f :y"n ePsf]n] k/df0f' klg :y"n
xf] . ;"Id s'/f dg'iosf OlG›ox¿sf] ;Ldfdf cfpFb}g . ljrf/n] h;nfO{ ;dfTg ;lsFb}g, Tof] ;"Id
xf] . t;y{ c1fg ;"Id xf]Og, c1]o ;"Id xf] . k/dfTdf hf] ;"Id x'G5, Tof] s;}sf] lgoGq0fdf cfpg}
;Sb}g . To:t} vfnLkg klg ;"Id Pjd\ ;To xf] .
Ps hgf tfcf] (Tao) u'?n] cfˆgf lziox¿nfO{ ufO{ / 3fF;sf] lrq agfP/ Nofpg eg] .
;a}n] lrq agfP/ NofP . Pshgfn] vfnL sfuh dfq a'emfP . Tof] b]v]/ u'?n] ;f]w]– æs] ltdLn]
lrq agfpg ;s]gf} <Æ lzion] hjfkm lbP– æagfPsf] 5', x]g{'xf];\ g ÛÆ u'?n] km]l/ ;f]w]– æ3fF; vf]O{
tÆ lziosf] hjfkm lyof], 3fF; t ufO{n] vfO;Sof] Û clg æufO{ vf]O{ tÆ u'?n] k|Zg u/] . lziosf]
hjfkm lyof], æufO{ t 3fF; r/]/ uO;Sof] .Æ cGTodf u'?n] ;f]w]– æs] aRof] t ca <Æ lzion] eg]–
æhf] ufO{ / 3fF;eGbf klxn] klg lyof] / ufO{ / 3fF;kl5 klg h;sf] cl:tTj /xG5, ToxL vfnLkg
agfP/ NofPsf] 5' u'?b]j ÛÆ oxL vfnLkgnfO{ g} eujfg\ >Ls[i0f ;"Id eGg'x'G5 cyf{t\ hf] ;bf
/xG5 Tof] g} ;t\ xf] . z"Go / k"0f{ Pp6} j:t'sf b'O{ 5]p x'g\ . z"Go gsf/fTds b[li6 xf] eg] k"0f{
;sf/fTds b[li6 xf] . s]jn z"Go dfq k"0f{ x'G5 / k"0f{ ck"0f{ x'g} ;Sb}g . hf]8 36fpn] z"GonfO{
km/s kfb}{g . k"0f{df s]xL hf]8\g / lgsfNg ;lsGg . oL b'j}df h] hf]8] klg / hlt g} 36fP klg
plQ g} z"Go / plt g} k"0f{ /xG5 . a'4 / zÍ/frfo{nfO{ x]bf{ logdf lj/f]w b]lvP klg jf:tjdf
lj/f]w 5}g s]jn z"Go / k"0f{sf] cleJolQm dfq leGg 5 . pxfFx¿sf] egfO cnu eP klg s'/f Pp6}
xf] . Pp6fsf] cg'ej ePdf b'j}sf] 1fg x'G5 .
efUg'sf] cy{ ;dli6sf] OR5fdf cfˆgf] cfklQ xf] . xfdL hxfF 5f}+ ToxfF s]jn hfUg' k"0f{tf xf] .
cfwf Åboaf6 afFRg] JolQm TofUg] / efUg] s'/f u5{g\ . t/ k"0f{tfsf ;fy afFRg] JolQm s]jn hfUg]
dfq s''/f u5{g\ . hfu[t eP/ x]/] dfq hfGg ;lsG5 efUg] s''g} cfjZostf x''Fb}g . kbfy{af6 efUof]

nf]suLtf– 33
cWofo–@
eg] s]xL kfOGg, hxfF uP klg ToxL kbfy{ dfq kfOG5 t/ hfu]df kbfy{df k/dfTdf kfpg
;lsG5 . Pp6f cfs[ltaf6 efu]/ JolQm csf]{ cfs[ltdf, Ps :yfgaf6 efu]/ csf]{ :yfg, Ps
dflg;af6 efu]/ csf]{ dflg;df k'U5 . hxfF;Dd / htf efu] klg ;+;f/df g} k'luG5 . hfu]/ dfq
k/dfTdfdf k''Ug ;lsG5 . c1fgL slxn] wg, :qL / sfdjf;gflt/ efU5 eg] slxn] kbfy{x¿af6
efU5 . s]xL kfpg g;lsg] / 5f]8\g g;lsg] ;+;f/ xf] . c;t\ klg ToxL xf], g kfpg ;lsG5 g
5f]8\g ;lsG5 s]jn c;t\k|lt hfUg dfq ;lsG5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ efUgaf6 arfpg vf]Hb}
x'g'x'G5 . of] ;Dk"0f{ uLtf efUg] JolQmx¿nfO{ hfu[t u/fpgsf nflu xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;+;f/L /
;GGof;L cnu xf]Ogg\ . ;+;f/af6 efu]/ sf]xL ;GGof;L x'Fb}gg\ . ;+;f/af6 hfUg ;Sof] eg] dfq
;GGof;L x'g ;lsG5 . ;kgfnfO{ ;kgf dfGg' g} ;kgfaf6 hfUg' xf] . To;}n] x] ch{'g Û hfu Û ltdL
hfu]/ ;t\ / c;t\ s] xf] x]/, olb ltdL hfUof} eg] Tof] hfu/0fdf ltdL O{Zj/ aGg ;Sg] 5f} .
cGtjGt Od] b]xf lgTo:of]QmfM z/Ll/0fM .
cgflzgf]˜k|d]o:o t:dfB'Wo:j ef/t ..!*..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ef/t Û cljgfzL, ckl/d]o -dfkg ug{ g;lsg]_, Pjd\ zfZjt
hLjfTdfsf] z/L/nfO{ gfzjfg\ elgPsf] 5≤ To;}n] x] e/tj+zL o'4 u/ ..
ch''{g klg xfdL h:t} z/L/ / o''4nfO{ ;t\ 7fGb5g\ ;fy} pgL d[To''nfO{ klg ;To 7flg/x]sf
5g\ . t;y{ ch{'gNffO{ ;DemfpFb} >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] z/L/ / b]lvg] ;a} dflg;x¿ :jKg h:t}
x'g\ . ltdLn] df/]/ dg{] of slxNo} gdg{] klg xf]Ogg\ . of] cljgfzL, ckl/d]o Pjd\ zfZjt
hLjfTdfsf] z/L/ gfzjfg\ 5≤ To;}n] lrGtf glnO{ o'4 u/ . >Ls[i0fsf] æo'4 u/Æ eGg]] jrg cfl:ts
JolQmx¿nfO{ crDd / si6k"0f{ nfUg ;S5≤ t/ pgLx¿ s[i0fnfO{ a'‰g ;Sb}gg\ . Psflt/ kfgL
5fg]/ vfpm, clg csf{lt/ lx+;f x'G5 egL v'§f e'OFdf /fVbf ljrf/ u/]/ /fv eGg]] JolQm klg 5g\ .
To;}n] of] c1fg¿kL ;kgf hf] c;t\ xf], To;nfO{ jf:tf / lkmqmL gu/L ltdL o'4 u/ eGg]
>Ls[i0fsf] jrg pgLx¿nfO{ a''‰g ufx|f] ePsf] 5 . clx+;fjfbLx¿ ch{'gsf] egfOdf ;xdt x'g
;S5g\ t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] ;kgf cyf{t\ c;t\ xf] h'g If0fe/sf nflu b]lvG5, To;sf nflu
ltdL lrlGtt x'g' Joy{ 5 . >Ls[i0fsf] of] egfO ;fwf/0f gLlteGbf w]/} dflysf] s''/f xf] .
eujb\uLtf klxnf] k6s cg''jfb eP/ kfZRffTo ;+;f/df k''Uf]kl5 z/L/ c;t\ xf]≤ To;}n] ltdL
o''4 u/ eGg] jrg k9\bf ToxfFsf gLlt1x¿nfO{ of] ljrf/ cg}lts nfUof] . ;fdflhs Joj:yfnfO{
rnfpg / To;nfO{ dof{lbt agfpgsf nflu gLlt agfOG5 t/ gLlt wd{ xf]Og . gLlt ;dofg's"n
kl/jt{gzLn x'G5 . gLlt–s'gLlt b'j} c;t\sf lx:;f x'g\ / ;t\n] oL ;a}nfO{ kf/ u5{ . wd{ t gLlt
eGbf w]/} dfly 5 . >Ls[i0fsf ljrf/df lx+;f–clx+;f / z''e–cz''e klg Pp6} s''/fsf lx:;fx¿ x'g\ .
lx+;f–clx+;f b'j} ;kgf x'g\ / k"/f ;kgfnfO{ hf] ;kgfsf] ¿kdf hfGb5 ,To;n] g} ;t\nfO{ k|fKt u5{ .
o:tf] s'/fn] gLltdfly cltqmd0f u5{ . pxfFsf] egfO cg';f/ /fd|f–g/fd|f s'/f b'j} :jKg / c;t\ x'g\ .
>Ls[i0f g lx+;|s g clx+;|s x'g'x'G5 lsgeg] lx+;|s d c¿nfO{ dfb{5' eGg] ;f]R5 eg] clx+;|s d
c¿nfO{ arfpF5' eGg] ;f]Rb5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] dfl/“b}g, To;nfO{ arfpg klg ;lsFb}g . s;}nfO{ s;}n] g t dfg{
;S5 g t arfpg g} ;S5 . oL b'j} Ps–csf{sf ljk/Lt ;kgf x'g\ . hf] ;t\ xf] Tof] ;b}j 5≤ Tof]
gi6 x'g} ;Sb}g . hf] c;t\ 5 To;nfO{ gi6 ug}{ kb}{g lsgeg] Tof] Ifl0fs 5 . To;}n] oL b'j} ;kgf
x'g\ . olb ;kgfnfO{ ;kgf, c;t\ of e|d xf] egL hfGof] eg] JolQm hfu[t x'G5 . of] hfu/0fsf]
k|lqmofaf/] gLltjfbLx¿ / ch{'gnfO{{ a'‰g sl7g eO/x]sf] 5 .

nf]suLtf– 34
 cWofo–@
o Pg+ j]lQ xGtf/+ oZr}g+ dGot] xtd\ .
pef} tf} g ljhfgLtf] gfo+ xlGt g xGot] ..!(..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] of] hLjfTdf dfl/G5 eGg] 7fGb5 of h;n] o;nfO{ d/]sf] dfGb5, tL
b'j} hLjfTdfsf af/]df hfGb}gg\ lsgeg] cfTdf g slxNo} d5{, g t dfl/G5 g} ..
h'g ;t\ xfdL leq 5 Tof] cfTdf xf]≤ h''g ;t\ ;j{q 5 Tof] cl:tTj k/dfTdf xf] . hf]
gfzjfg\ 5 Tof] z/L/ xf] To:t} aflx/sf] gfzjfg\ b[Zo ef}lts j:t' hut\ xf] . r]tgf cd[t xf] /
gfzjfg\ j:t' h8 xf] . gbLsf] 5fn h:tf] t/Ë h'g gfzjfg\ 5 Tof] c;t\ xf] eg] ;fu/ hf]
cd[tt'No 5 Tof] ;t\ xf] .
ch{'g b'lawfu|:t / lrlGtt x'Fb} eG5g\– d s;/L df¿F o;eGbf t a? d cfkm}F d/] a];
x'G5 . ch{'g d[To'nfO{ dfq ;To 7fG5g\, t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– z/L/ db}{df cfTdf db}{g . To;}n]
d[To' c;Dej x'G5 . h;n] o;nfO{ d/]sf] dfGb5g\ pgLx¿ hLjfTdfsf af/]df hfGb}gg\ . z/L/
gfzjfg\ j:t' ePsf]n] gi6 x'g}k5{ t/ cfTdf cd[t ePsf]n] o;sf] slxn] d[To' g} x'Fb}g . t/ xfdL
d[To'nfO{ lglZrt 7fG5f}+ . ;d|f6\ xf];\ of ;fdfGo dflg;, ul/a–wgL, b'vL–;'vL, ;kmn–c;kmn
;a}n] dg{' g} k5{ eGg]] ;To xfdL hfGb5f}+“ t/ >Ls[i0f o;sf] l7s pN6f] s'/f ug{'x'G5 . g sf]xL
d¥of], g sf]xL d5{ lsgeg] d[To' t x'Fb} x'Fb}g, d[To' t s]jn e|d dfq xf] . d[To'nfO{ ;To 7fGg]x¿
z/L/eGbf c¿ s]xL hfGb}gg\ . To;}n] d[To' t c¿nfO{ b]v]/ ul/g] cg'dfg dfq xf] . z/L/af6 cfTdf
x6\g' d[To' xf] . lbof]sf] ls/0f cfkm}Fdf k'gM lkmtf{ eP h:t} hLjgsf] ofqf klg o;/L g} lkmtf{ eP/
gofF ofqf ;'? x'G5 . z/L/af6 cfTdf lkmtf{ x'g'nfO{ xfdL d[To' 7fG5f}+ . lah'nLsf] l:jr aGb ubf{
aNasf] k|sfz dfq lkmtf{ x'G5 t/ aNaleqsf] k|sfz x/fPsf] xF'b}g, s]jn cleJolQm dfq aGb
ePsf] x'G5 . l:jr vf]n]df k|sfz k'gM cleJoQm x'G5 lsgeg] k|sfz t k"/f ;do ToxL df}h'b
/xG5 . To;}n] l:jr vf]Nbf / aGb ubf{ k|sfz hLljt of d[t x''Fb}g, To:t} d[To' klg k|s6sf] k'gM
ck|s6Ls/0f xf] eg] hGd ck|s6sf] k'gM k|s6Ls/0f xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– z/L/ d/]df jf /x]df b''j} cj:yfdf cfTdf db}{g . hf] hLjg / d[To'eGbf
dfly 5, ToxL cfTdf / cl:tTj xf] . cfTdf g db{5 g dfl/G5 . o;sf] ljgfzsf] s'g} ;Defjgf
5}g . lx+;f t x'Fb}g t/ lx+;f ug]{ cfsfª\Iff eg] x'g ;S5 h'g cToGt v/fa xf] . JolQmnfO{ d dfg{
;S5' eGg]] efjgf x'g' unt xf] / kfk klg ToxL efjgfsf] x''G5 . lx+;fsf] clek|fo x''G5 t/ lx+;f eg]
x''g ;Sb}g . To;}n] lx+;f t c;Dej 5, t/ lx+;fsf] dgf]efjgf eg] ;Dej 5 . dxfjL/ cfkm" lxF8\bf
Pp6f sldnf klg gd/f];\ eGg]] clx+;fsf] dgf]efj /fVg''x'G5 t/ pxfFsf] k|of;n] dfq s]xL x''Fb}g .
Tof] sldnf aRg' 5 eg] aR5 / dg{' 5 eg] d5{ t/ pxfFsf] lx+;f gxf];\ eGg]] efjgf eg] dxŒjk"0f{
5 . ulxl/P/ ljrf/ ubf{ lx+;f efjsf] dfq x'G5 .
cl:tTjsf] hut\df ;a} s'/f k/dfTdfsf] OR5fn] x'g] x'Fbf ToxfF rf]/L / lx+;f x'g ;Sb}g . t/
dgf]efjsf] hut\df d / csf]{sf] lardf lje]b x'G5 . To;}n] ToxfF rf]/L / lx+;f b'j} kfk x'G5
lsgeg] efjaf6 rf]/L / lx+;f b'j} x'g ;S5 . >Ls[i0f eGg''x'G5 sf]xL db}{gg\ / s;}nfO{ dfg{ klg
;lsFb}g . ltdLnfO{ g} s;}n] df/] eg] klg ltdL db}{gf} . >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ logLx¿ sf]xL dg]{jfnf
5}gg\ ltdL df/ t/ cfkm"nfO{ arfpm eGg'ePsf] eP Tof] egfO a]OdfgLk"0f{ x'GYof] . t/ >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– sf]xL db}{gg\, sf]xL dfl/“+b}gg\ . ha;Dd sf]xL cfkm"nfO{ arfpg / c¿nfO{ dfg{ vf]H5 eg]
Tof] efj ck/fw / kfk xf] . olb of] s'/f a'‰of} eg] o'4sf l:yltdf h] x'G5 Tof] x'g b]pm . of] bf]xf]/f]
af0f k|xf/sf] cj:yfdf s;}n] df/]/ sf]xL db}{g / s;}nfO{ arfpg vf]Hbf klg sf]xL aRb}g .

nf]suLtf– 35
cWofo–@
>Ls[i0fsf] egfOdf r]tgfsf] Pp6f o:tf] nx/ 5 hxfF k|sfz g} k|sfz 5, ToxfF cGwsf/ x'g}
;Sb}g . Tof] lzv/;Dd k'Ug ;s] ToxfF cfTdf e]l6G5, hxfF lx+;f / clx+;f x'Fb} x'Fb}g .
g hfot] ld|ot] jf sbflr–
Ggfo+ e"Tjf eljtf jf g e"oM .
chf] lgToM zfZjtf]˜o+ k'/f0ff]–
g xGot] xGodfg] z/L/] ..@)..
of] cfTdf g slxNo} pTklQ g slxNo} ljgfz x''G5 . cyf{t\ of] cfTdf slxNo} hlGdPg, hlGdFb}g
/ hlGdg]jfnf klg 5}g . of] t chGdf, lgTo, zfZjt / ;gftg 5 . z/L/nfO{ 6'qmf 6'qmf kfbf{ klg
of] cfTdf slxNo} db}{g ..
xfdL hxfF 5f}+“ ToxfF ;a} hlGdG5f}+“ / chGdf sf]xL klg 5}gf}+ t/ hGdsf nflu chGdf s'g}
lrh rflxG5 h;sf] hudf hGd x'G5 . h:tf] km"nsf y'Fufx¿nfO{ Pslqt kf/L dfnfsf] :j¿k lbg
wfuf] rflxG5, t/ km"nn] 9flsFbf wfuf] b]lvFb}g . To:t} hGd / d/0f¿kL nfdf] >[[Înfsf nflu klg
To:tf] cb[Zo wfuf] rflxG5 cGoyf wfuf]ljgf km"nsf] y'Fuf dfqn] dfnfsf] :j¿k u|x0f ug{ ;Sb}g .
hGd–d[To' nufotsf kl/jt{gsf lglDt slxNo} ghlGdg], gdg]{, lgTo, zfZjt / ;gftg¿kL c1ft
;"q rflxG5 . ToxL ;"Id cfTd¿kL ;"qn] of] ;a}nfO{ hf]8]/ /fVb5 . oxL chft tŒjsf] gfd cfTdf
/ k/dfTdf xf] . ;f/f ¿kx¿sf k5fl8 c¿k klg rflxG5 . c¿k geP ¿k l6Sg ;Sb}g . of]
¿kfs[ltsf] kl/jt{g k5fl8 Pp6f l:y/ c¿k rflxG5 . ¿k cfpF5 / hfG5 t/ c¿k¿kL tŒj
l:y/ /xG5 . hGd–d[To', ;kmntf–c;kmntf, ;'v–b'v, hjfgL–a'9];sfn nufotsf kl/jt{gx¿
ToxL chft / chGdf tŒjdf x'G5g\ hf] ;b}j cl:tTj ¿k eP/ l6ls/xG5 . hf] hlGdG5, Tof] d5{
To;}n] hf] db}{g To;nfO{ vf]Hg'k5{ clg dfq Tof] chGdf tŒjnfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 . Tof] chGdfnfO{
z:qn] sf6\g ;lsFb}g t/ e|dsf sf/0f xfdL t z:qn] sf6\5 eGg]] ;f]R5f}+ . h;nfO{ sf6\g jf dfg{
c;Dej 5 Tof] cfTdf chGdf xf] . ToxL cfTd¿kL tŒj hf] gi6 x'Fb}g / chGdf, lgTo, zfZjt /
;gftg 5 >Ls[i0f To;s} s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .
l;sGb/n] ef/taf6 Pp6f ;GGof;LnfO{ o'gfg hfgsf nflu cfb]z lbP, t/ ;GGof;Ln] 7f8}
c:jLsf/ u/] . Tof] b]v]/ l;sGb/n] ;GGof;LnfO{ guPdf t/jf/n] sfl6lbg] r]tfjgL lbP .
;GGof;Ln] eg]– ltdL dnfO{ dfg{ ;S5f}, t/ ltdL h;nfO{ dfg]{ 5f} Tof] d xf]Og≤ d]/f] z/L/ jf
6fpsf] dfq xf] . d}n] t w]/} klxn] g} z/L/ / d cnu ePsf] cg'ej ul/;s]sf] 5' . ltdL dnfO{
df/, d klg z/L/af6 cnu ePsf] s'/f x]g{ rfxG5' . oL ;GGof;Ln] l;sGb/;Fu ToxL elg/x]sf 5g\
hf] >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ elg/xg'ePsf] 5 . z:qn] sf6\bf z/L/ t sfl6G5, t/ leq s]xL csf6\o
cl:tTj /xG5 . la/fdL x'Fbf z/L/ la/fdL eP klg leq sf]xL :j:y /xG5 . b'v cfOkbf{ z/L/n] t
b'v kfpF5, t/ leq b'vnfO{ 6f9f a;L lgofNg] tŒj klg 5 . oxL tŒj chGdf / csf6\o 5 . ch{'g
l;sGb/sf em}+ s'/f ub}{ 5g\ . s]jn af≈o b[Zo z/L/sf] s'/f ch{'g eGb} 5g\ . z/L/sf txdf
k|ltIf0f b'v–;'v h:tf 36gf 3l6/xG5g\ t/ leq sf]xL 5, hf] ;'v–b'v jf h'g;'s} 36gfdf klg
lgZrn /xG5 . >Ls[i0f ToxL lgZrnsf] s'/f eGb} x'g'x'G5 .
j]bfljgflzg+ lgTo+ o PgdhdJood\ .
sy+ ; k'?ifM kfy{ s+ 3ftolt xlGt sd\ ..@!..
>Ls[i0f eGGf'x'G5– x] kfy{ Û h'g k'?if of] cfTdfnfO{ chGdf, cJoo -ljs[t gx'g]_, lgTo,
cljgfzL 5 eGg]] hfGb5 To;n] s;/L s;}nfO{ dfg{ nufpg ;Snf jf dfg{ ;Snf <
nf]suLtf– 36
 cWofo–@
cfTdf hlGdFb}g o;n] ef}lts z/L/ u|x0f dfq ub{5 . z/L/ hlGdG5 / db{5 t/ cfTdf
chGdf 5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch'{g Û h'g k'?if of] cfTdfnfO{ chGdf, cljgfzL, cJoo /
lgTo 5 eGg] hfGb5 p;n] s;}nfO{ dfg{ nufpg of dfg{ ;Sb}g . x] kfy{ Û dfGg'eGbf hfGg' sl7g
x'G5 t/ cl:tTjdf /x]sf wd{ k|foM hfGg–a'‰geGbf dfGgdf hf]8 lbG5g\ . zf:q k9]/ / cg'ejaf6
klg hfGg ;lsG5 . zf:q k9]/ hfGg' eg]sf] Ps k|sf/sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{' dfq xf] . of] t lstfa
k9]/ kf}8L v]Ng hfGg' h:t} xf] . aflx/af6 h;/L ;TonfO{ hfGg ;lsGg To;/L g} zf:q k9\b}df
cfTdtŒj a'‰g ;lsGg . hfg]/ h] pknAw x'G5, Tof] >4f xf] . wd{ of zf:q dfg]/ hf] hfGb5 Tof]
ljZjf; dfq xf] . wd{ dfGg] ljZjf;L ;a} wfld{s x'Fb}gg\ . zf:qaf6 hfgsf/L k|fKt x'G5 t/ 1fg
k|fKt x'Fb}g . 1fg t hLjgsf] cg'ejaf6 dfq k|fKt x'G5 .
jf;f+l; hL0ff{lg oyf ljxfo
gjflg u[X0fflt g/f]˜k/fl0f .
tyf z/L/fl0f ljxfo hL0ff{–
GoGoflg ;+oflt gjflg b]xL ..@@..
>Ls[i0f eGGf'x'G5– k'?ifn] h;/L k'/fgf / kmf6]sf j:q Tofu]/ gjLg j:q u|x0f u5{ of
klxl/G5, To;} u/L z/L/wf/L cfTdfn] klg a'9f] / sfd gnfUg] z/L/nfO{ Tofu]/ csf]{ gofF ef}lts
z/L/ :jLsf/ ub{5 ..
xfdLn] t z/L/nfO{ g} cfkm" 7fg]sf 5f}+“ . ef]s nfUbf xfdL z/L/nfO{ xf]Og cfk""mnfO{ ef]s
nfu]sf] 7fG5f}+“ . 6fpsf] b'Vbf 6fpsf] b'v]sf] dnfO{ yfxf eof] eGb}gf}+, d]/f] 6fpsf] b'v]sf] 5 eG5f}+ .
xfd|f] z/L/;Fu tfbfTDo ulx/f] 5 . d / z/L/ cnu 5f}+ eGg]] xf]Og ls z/L/ g} d x'F h:tf] nfU5 .
6fpsf] b'Vbf xfdLn] slxn] s] of] b'vfO dnfO{ eO/x]sf] 5 ls deGbf k/ sxL+“ eO/x]sf] 5 eg]/
vf]hlag klg u/]sf 5}gf}+“ lsgeg] xfd|f] z/L/;Fu ulx/f] tfbfTDo 5 .
ha;Dd z/L/ / …dÚ larsf] km/s cg'ej x'Fb}g, ta;Dd of] hL0f{ j:qsf] efFtL cfTdfn]
k'/fgf] z/L/ 5f]8]/ gofF z/L/ u|x0f u5{ eGg]] s'/f a'‰g ufx|f] x'G5 . xfd|f] dfGotf lgs} ulx/f] 5,
To;}n] of] :d[lt klg ;3g ePsf] 5 . xfdL cfkm"nfO{ g} z/L/ dflg/x]sf 5f}+ t/ cfFvf lrDn]/ leq
x]l//xg] xf] eg] xfdL z/L/eGbf slt cnu 5f}+ eGg]] yfxf x'g ;S5 . z/L/ leqaf6 hfu]df o;nfO{
b]Vg / cg'ej ug{ klg ;lsG5 . xfdL z/L/nfO{ aflx/af6 dfq hfGg] u5f}{+ . leqaf6 x]g{ hfg]df
leq g} Hof]lt 5, z/L/ t aflx/ 5 eGg] yfxf x'G5 clg dfq hL0f{ j:qsf] s'/f a'‰g ;lsG5 .
To;kl5 aNn cfTdf / z/L/ cnu cnu ePsf] yfxf x''G5 . To:t} cfTdfn] cgGt ofqf ug{ ;S5 /
z/L/ hL0f{ j:q h:t} ablnP/ gofF j:q wf/0f ul//xG5 eGg] hfGg ;lsG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
h;/L k'?ifn] k'/fgf] j:q Tofu]/ gofF j:q u|x0f u5{ To;/L g} z/L/wf/L cfTdfn] a'9f] z/L/nfO{
Tofu]/ gofF ef}lts z/L/ :jLsf/ ub{5 .
hGd / d[To' t s]jn j:qsf] kl/jt{g xf]≤ o:tf] hfg]df ;'v / b'v g} x''Fb}g . wd{sf nflu
k|To]s JolQm cfkm}F k|of]uzfnf aGg'k5{ . xfdL lxF8\bf lxF8\b} klg olb ulxl/P/ x]¥of}+ eg] xfdLleqsf]
Tof] Hof]ltsf] klg bz{g x'g ;S5 . of] Zjf; hf] rln/x]sf] 5, s] d ToxL x'F jf dleq hf] Zjf;
rn]sf] x]l//x]sf] 5, Tof] d x'F eGg] vf]h]df oL b'j} cnu x'g\ eGg] hfGg ;lsG5 . ha ljrf/
dl:tisdf rN5 ta Tof] ljrf/ ug]{ s] d x'F eg]/ ulx/f] vf]h ul/of] eg] h;nfO{ ljrf/ rn]sf]
yfxf x'G5, Tof] s;/L ljrf/ x'g ;S5 eg]/ hflgg] 5 . ;fIfL cnu ePsfn] ha ;fIfLnfO{ hflgG5,

nf]suLtf– 37
cWofo–@
clg jNn s[i0fsf] egfO a'lemG5 . of] yfxf kfPkl5 b'v–;'v, hGd–d[To' t s]jn z/L/sf] j:q
kl/jt{g h:tf] dfq xf] eGg] a''lemG5 .
cfTdf g cfpF5, g hfG5 . cfpg] hfg] t s]jn z/L/ xf] . xfd|f] z/L/ klg b'O{+j6f 5g\–
Pp6f :y"n z/L/ hf] dftf–lktfaf6 hlGdg] qmddf k|fKt x'G5 . :y"n z/L/ oGq h:t} s]xL
;do;Dd rN5 clg gi6 x'G5 . of] aflx/L z/L/ cfpF5–hfG5 . Pp6f csf]{ leqL z/L/ 5, hf]
cl3Nnf] hGdb]lv xfdL;Fu cfpF5, Tof] ;"Id z/L/ xf] . ;"Id z/L/ ljB't\s0faf6 lgld{t z/L/ xf] .
d[To'kl5 of] ;"Id z/L/ csf]{ gofF :y"n z/L/df k|j]z u5{ . ;"Id z/L/ k|fs[lts ¿kdf :jtM csf]{
cfkm" cg's"n :y"n z/L/df k|j]z u5{ . To;}n] ;fwf/0f JolQm d[To'kl5 tTsfn hGd lnG5 lsgeg]
k[YjLdf w]/} ue{ pknAw 5g\ t/ c;fwf/0f JolQm d/]kl5 p;n] csf]{ z/L/ kfpg xfd|f] ;dofg';f/
;os8f}F jif{ klg nfUg ;S5 . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx, dx]G›jL/ljqmd zfx, e"kfndfgl;+x sfsL{,
nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f, ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf h:tf JolQmnfO{ csf]{ hGd lng lgs} k|tLIff ug{'k5{ .
;f/f ofqf of] z/L/sf] ofqf xf], cfTdf t ofqf g} ub}{g . xfd|f] ;"Id z/L/ cg'¿k xfdL
k/dfTdfaf6 zlQm / hLjg lnO/x]sf x'G5f}+“ . cfTdf crn eP/ /xG5 / ;"Id z/L/n] dfq ofqf
u5{ . cfTdf¿kL ljB't\af6 ;"Id z/L/n] r]tgf k|fKt u5{ . ha ;"Id z/L/ 6'6\5, ta ;"Id z/L/sf]
ofqf ;dfKt eO{ cfjthfjtsf] k|lqmof aGb x''G5 . ;"Id z/L/ h;n] xfdLnfO{ z/L/ / k/dfTdfsf
lar ;]t' eP/ hf]l8/x]sf] lyof], Tof] 6'6]kl5 xfd|f] :y"n z/L/ / ;"Id z/L/sf] ofqf ;dfKt x'G5 .
cfjthfjt ;lsG5 / k/dfTdf;Fusf] kvf{n hf] xfd|f] Ifdtf cg';f/ lgld{t lyof], Tof] cg'kft
;dfKt eP/ xfdL k/dfTdfdf Ps x'G5f“}+– yf]kf ;fu/df ldl;O{ Ps eP/ lanLg eP h:t} xfdL klg
k/dfTdfdf lanLg x'G5f}“ .
cfTdfn] ofqf ub}{g t/ :y"n z/L/ / ;"Id z/L/sf] cfjt–hfjtsf] k|lqmof k/dfTdfdf
gldn'Gh]n rln/xG5 . ;"Id z/L/nfO{ ;dfKt kfg{' g} ;fwgf xf] . ;"Id z/L/ xfd|f OR5f, sfdgf–
jf;gf, cfsfª\Iff–ck]Iff cg';f/ xfd|f] ljrf/n] rfx]sf] sd{n] lgdf{0f x'G5 . xfdLn] ;f]r]sf / rfx]sf
cg''¿k g} tL ;a}sf] hf]8n] ;"Id z/L/sf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . ;"Id z/L/sf] lj;h{g g} k/dfTdf;Fusf]
k'gld{ng xf] . a'4nfO{ d[To'kl5 tkfO{+ sxfF x'g'x'G5 eg]/ s;}n] ;f]w] . a'4n] eGg'eof]– ca d
;a}lt/ x'g] 5' . a'4nfO{ ;fu/df ldl;Pkl5 JolQmx¿ ;f]W5g\, ltdL sxfF x'G5f} ;fu/ eO;s]kl5 a''4
;a}lt/ df}h'b x''g'x'G5 . dftf lktfaf6 yf]kfsf] cfsf/df :y"n z/L/ kfOG5 / cfˆgf] rfxgf Pj+
cl3Nnf] sd{af6 ;"Id z/L/ kfOG5 . k/dfTdfaf6 eg] hLjgpmhf{¿kL cfTdf kfOG5 .
g}g+ l5GblGt z:qfl0f g}g+ bxlt kfjsM .
g r}g+ Sn]boGTofkf] g zf]ifolt df¿tM ..@#..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] cfTdfnfO{ g z:qf:qn] sf6\g ;S5, g t clUgn] g} hnfpg ;S5 .
o;nfO{ g kfgLn] unfpg ;S5, g t xfjfn] g} ;'sfpg ;S5 ..
cR5]Bf]˜odbfXof]˜odSn]Bf]˜zf]io Pj r .
lgToM ;j{utM :yf0f'/rnf]˜o+ ;gftgM ..@$..
of] cfTdf lgZro g} sf6\g g;lsg], 89fpg g;lsg], gleHg] jf gklUng] / g;'Sg] lsl;dsf]
5 . of] t lgTo, ;j{JofkL, ckl/jt{gzLn, crn, l:y/ Pjd\ ;b}j Ps}gf;sf] 5 ..

nf]suLtf– 38
 cWofo–@
cJoQmf]˜odlrGTof]˜odljsfof]{˜od'Rot] .
t:dfb]j+ ljlbTj}g+ gfg'zf]lrt'dx{l; ..@%..
of] cfTdf cJoQm, clrGTo, cljsf/L Pjd\ ckl/jt{gLo 5 . To;}n] x] ch{'g Û of] s'/f a'em]/
ltdLn] zf]s ug{' of]Uo x'bF }g ..
cfTdfsf] g k|f/De 5, g cGTo g} 5 cyf{t\ h;sf] hGd x'Fb}g, To;sf] d[To' klg x'Fb}g .
h;sf] s'g} k|f/De Pjd\ cGt 5}g, oxL cljgfzL tŒj g} cfTdf xf] . cfTdfsf] cy{ d xf]Og“, …dÚ
h;df hGdG5 / cGt x'G5 ToxL cl:tTj cfTdf xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cfTdfnfO{ cfuf]n] hnfpg ;Sb}g, kfgLn] unfpg jf 8'afpg ;Sb}g / of]
gi6 klg x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] cfTdf s'g} j:t' xf]Og, of] t s]jn cl:tTj xf] . j:t'x¿df cl:tTj
x'G5, t/ cfTdf :jod\ cl:tTj xf] . To;}n] t cfTdfnfO{ cfuf]n] hnfpg ;Sb}g lsgeg] cfuf] klg
cl:tTj xf] . o;nfO{ kfgLn] unfpg ;Sb}g lsgeg] kfgL klg cl:tTj xf] . cfuf], kfgL / jfo'
klg cfTdfsf Ps Ps c+z x'g\ . cfTdf cl:tTj;Fu cleGg 5 . To;}n] cl:tTjn] cl:tTjnfO{ gi6
ug{ ;Sb}g . cfTdf cl:tTj xf] / Tof] cl:tTjdf p7]sf] Ps nx/ …dÚ xf] . z/L/¿kL …dÚ nfO{ 5f]8]/
xfdLleq h] afFsL /xG5 Tof] cfTdf xf] . Tof] z/L/¿kL …dÚ gfzjfg\ 5, h;nfO{ hnfpg / 8'afpg
;lsG5 t/ cl:tTjnfO{ gi6 ug{ ;lsGg . xfdL tyfslyt cfl:ts ePsfn] tŒjnfO{ ga'em]/ wf/0ff
dfq /fVg' unt x'G5 . d[To' x'g] a]nfdf >Ls[i0fsf jrg ;'g]/ cfTdf cd/ 5 egL lglZrGt x'g
vf]Hg'' cfTdfnfO{ hfg]/ geO{ dfg]/ cfZj:t x'g vf]h]sf] xf] . Tof] gi6 gx'g] cd[t tŒjnfO{ hf]
hfGb5, Tof] JolQm d'Qm x'G5 . Tof] cd[t tŒjnfO{ cfuf], kfgL, xfjf jf s'g} z:qn] klg gi6 ug{
;Sb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cfTdf lgTo, ;j{JofkL, ckl/jt{gzLn, crn, l:y/ Pjd\ ;b}j Psgf;sf]
5, To;}n] x] ch'{g Û of] a'e]m/ zf]s ug'{ plrt 5}g .
z/L/df k|j]z ug{ cfTdfsf] ;xeflutf Go""g ;"Idstf{ (CateleticAgent) sf] ¿kdf dfq
x'G5 . h:t} ;""o{sf] ls/0f km"n km'nfpg eg]/ pbfPsf] xf]Og t/ km"n km'Ng–km'nfpgsf nflu ;"o{sf]
pkl:ylt g} kof{Kt x'G5 . ;"o{sf ls/0fn] km"nsf slnx¿nfO{ vf]Nb5g\ . x'g t ;"o{sf] ls/0fsf]
tf}n Ps ju{ldndf sl/j Ps 56fs dfq x'G5 tyflk ;"o{sf] ;"Id ls/0fsf] rf]6 km"ndf k5{ . o;
k|lqmofdf ;"o{sf] ls/0fsf] ;xeflutf ;"Idstf{sf] ¿kdf dfq x'G5 . To:t} cfTdf lgliqmo 5 . hL0f{
j:qsf] Tofu cflb k|lqmofdf cfTdfn] ;lqmo tŒjsf] ¿kdf xf]Og, lgliqmo tŒjsf] ¿kdf sfd
ub{5 . sIffdf lzIfs cfpgf;fy ljBfyL{sf] xf]xNnf /f]lsP/ jftfj/0f zflGtdf kl/0ft x'G5 . oBlk
lzIfsn] o;sf nflu cfjZos sbd p7fPsf] klg x'Fb}g t/ lzIfs cfpgf;fy jftfj/0f zfGt
x'G5 / ;a} r'k nfU5g\ . lzIfssf] pkl:yltn] g} ;"Idstf{sf] sfd u5{ . To;/L g} cfTdfsf]
ljBdfgtf g} sfkmL x'G5 / p;n] s'g} klg s'/fdf ;lqmo ;xefuL x'g' cfjZos x'Fb}g t/ cfTdf
;xof]uL geP klg p;sf] sfdgf eg] x'g ;S5 . cfTdfsf] txdf sfdgf ug{' g} lgliqmo sfo{ xf] .
lgliqmo s[Tosf] sfdgf ;ª\sNkaf6 k""/f x''G5 . To;}n] t O{Zj/n] ;ª\sNk ug]{ lalQs} hut\ l;lh{G5 .
cfTdfn] hLjgsf] k|f/Desf nflu lg0f{o lnPsf] x''gfn] hLjgsf] k|f/De x'g ;s]sf] xf] /
hLjgdf pkl:ylt x''g] lg0f{o klg cfTdfs} xf] . cfTdfsf] cl:tTj :jtGq 5, p;nfO{ s;}n] k/fwLg
ug{ ;Sb}g . cfTdf klg :jlg0f{oaf6 cg'ejsf nflu sfdgf u/]/ ofqfdf lgl:sG5 . cfTdf d'lQmsf]
cg'ejsf nflu ;++;f/sf] ofqfdf lgl:sG5 . x'g t cfTdf ;+;f/sf] ofqfdf lgl:sg'cl3 klg d'Qm 5,
t/ Tof] d'lQmsf] p;nfO{ s'g} k|tLlt 5}g . ;+;f/sf] cg''ejljgf d'lQmsf] af]w x'g ;Sb}g . of]
;+;f/sf] cg'ej ug{sf nflu ul/g] ofqf cfTdfsf] cfˆg} r'gfj xf] . k/dfTdf klg t of] ;+;f/df

nf]suLtf– 39
cWofo–@
nLnf ub}{ 5 . ;+;f/df cfkm"nfO{ n'sfP/ vf]Hg nufpFb} 5 . To:t} cfTdf klg lgliqmo eP/ ;xefuL
dfq x'G5 / p;n] s]xL ug{'kb}{g, s]jn p;sf] sfdgf g} kof{Kt x'G5 .
d[To'kZrft\ z/L/sf] k|tLIffdf /x]sf] ;"Id z/L/n] hLljt JolQmsf] z/L/df k|j]z ug{ ;S5 .
c;n / v/fa ldl>t u'0fo'Qm ;fwf/0f JolQmx¿ d[To'kl5 tTsfn ue{ kfpF5g\ lsgeg] k[YjLdf
s/f]8f}“ ue{x¿ pknAw 5g\ . logLx¿sf] dfu ;fwf/0f ePsf]n] o:tf JolQm csf]{ hGdsf] ofqfdf
tTsfn lgl:sG5g\ . t/ w]/} c;n / w]/} v/fa c;fwf/0f JolQmsf nflu tTsfn ue{ pknAw x'Fb}g /
z/L/ k|fKt ug{ w]/} ;do k|tLIff ug{'k5{ . v/fa cfTdf e"tk|]t x'G5g\ eg] c;n cfTdf b]jtf
x'G5g\ . JolQm olb ;ª\sNkjfg\ 5 eg] p;leq l/Qm :yfg x'Fb}g . t;y{ ToxfF s'g} k|]tfTdf k|j]z ug{
kfpFb}g . xLgefjgf, eo, ckljqtf, cfTdUnflg / lg/fzfsf cj:yfdf ;"Id z/L/ l;s'l8G5 / leq
vfnL 7fpF x'G5, hxfF k|]tfTdfx¿ k|j]z ug{ ;S5g\ . oyfy{tM c;n cfTdfx¿ csf{sf] z/L/df k|j]z
ub}{gg\ lsgeg] pgLx¿ OlG›o ;'v / z/L/sf] ;'vaf6 d'Qm x'g rfxG5g\ t/ v/fa cfTdfsf nflu
hLjgsf ;a} ;'v z/L/df ;Lldt x'G5g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿nfO{ csf]{ z/L/ tTsfn pknAw gx'g] x'Fbf
csf{sf] z/L/df k|j]z u/]/ OlG›ox¿sf] ;'v ef]Ug] nfn;f x'G5 . sdhf]/ ;ª\sNk ePsf] JolQm
ljz]if u/]/ :qLx¿df o:tf] v/fa cfTdf tTsfn k|j]z u5{ / cfˆgf] OlG›o ;'vnfO{ csf]{ z/L/af6
ef]Ub5 lsgeg] o:tf k|]tfTdfx¿sf] z/L/ x'Fb}g . z'e cfTdfx¿ cfdGq0f u/]sf] cj:yfdf dfq k|j]z
ub{5g\ t/ cfh ;ª\sNksf] zlQm IfL0f ePsf] 5 / cfdGq0fsf] ljlw k|foM nf]k ePsf] 5 . j}lbs
jfª\dodf b]jtfx¿nfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ ljlw / ;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{ k|lqmof pknAw 5 . j]bdf
b]jtfx¿nfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ ljlwåf/f pgLx¿nfO{ af]nfOGYof] . ;a} xjg / o1 lgdGq0ffsf] ljlw xf] .
;"Id z/L/ g} csf]{ z/L/ u|x0f ug{'cl3 b]jtf of k|]tsf ¿kdf x'G5g\ .
cy r}g+ lgTohft+ lgTo+ jf dGo;] d[td\ .
tyflk Tj+ dxfafxf] g}j+ zf]lrt'dx{l; ..@^..
eujfg\ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] dxfafx' Û olb ltdLn] cfTdfnfO{ lgTo hlGdg] / dg]{ 7fG5f} eg]
klg ltdL o;k|sf/ zf]s ug{ of]Uo 5}gf}+“ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb cfTdf cd/ 5}g / d/0fwdf{ g} xf] eGg]] ltdLnfO{ nfU5 eg] klg gfz
x'g] s'/fsf nflu zf]s ug{' plrt x'Fb}g . hf] gi6 g} x'G5 To;df ltdL lrlGtt x''g' Joy{ 5 sf/0f
hf] gi6 x'G5 ToxfF lx+;f x'g ;Sb}g . h'g j:t'df ch/–cd/ s'g} tŒj g} 5}g eg] To:tf] j:t'nfO{
gi6 ug{ lrGtf gu/ ef]ln c¿h:t} ltdL klg gi6 x'G5f}≤ To;}n] ltdLnfO{ To;df kfk nfUg] 5}g .
df6f]df df6f] ldl;P/ ;a} gi6 x'G5 eg] kfk / k'0osf] lx;falstfa s;n] / sxfF ug{ ;S5 .
s[i0fn] cfTdf cd/ ePsf] s'/f ;DemfpFbf klg ch{'gsf] dl:tisdf s'g} km/s gk/]kl5 of] s'/f
ljjztfjz ch{'gsf] txdf cfP/ >Ls[i0f af]Nb} x'g'x'G5 . olb cfTdf d5{ eGg]] ltdLnfO{ nfU5 eg]
k~rtŒj -kfgL, cfsfz, jfo', clUg / k[YjL_ n] ag]sf] z/L/ k~rtŒjdf ljnLg eP/ ;dfKt x'G5 .
of] ;dfKt x'g] s'/fsf] nflu ltdL lrlGtt x''g Joy{ 5 . eujfg\ >Ls[i0fnfO{ s:tf] ljjztfdf
o;k|sf/sf] jQmJo lbg'k¥of] xf]nf Û lh;; eGg''x'G5 ltdL;Fu sfg 5 t/ ltdL sxfF ;'G5f} /
ltdL;Fu cfFvf 5 t/ ltdL sxfF x]5f}{ . s[i0fnfO{ klg ch{'gsf] cj:yf o:t} nfu]sf] x'g'k5{ .
hft:o lx w|'jf] d[To'w|{'j+ hGd d[t:o r .
t:dfbkl/xfo]{˜y]{ g Tj+ zf]lrt'dx{l; ..@&..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o; dfGotfg'';f/ hf] hlGdPsf] 5 To;sf] cjZo d[To' x'G5 / hf] d/]sf] 5
p;sf] cjZo hGd x'G5 . ctM o; k|sf/sf] 6f/]/ 6fg{ g;lsg] pkfoljgfsf] ljifodf ltdLn] zf]s
ug{' of]Uo 5}g ..

nf]suLtf– 40
 cWofo–@
cJoQmfbLlg e"tflg JoQmdWoflg ef/t .
cJoQmlgwgfGo]j tq sf kl/b]jgf ..@*..
x] ef/t Û ;a} k|f0fLx¿ k|f/Dedf cJoQm lyP, lardf JoQm 5g\ / d[To'kZrft\ ck|s6 g}
x'G5g\ . ctM o:tf] s'/fdf s]sf] zf]s ug{' ..
dfofaf6 g} z/L/sf] pTklQ x'G5, lardf :j¿k k|tLt x'G5 / cGTodf dfofdf g} o;
z/L/sf] no x'G5 . ctM wL/ dflg;n] zf]s ug{' g} cfjZos 5}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] cJoQm
cfZro{hgs 5 . k|f/Dedf ck|s6 / cb[Zo 5, dWodf k|s6 / b[Zo 5 Pjd\ cGTodf ck|s6 /
cb[Zo 5≤ oxL oyfy{ xf] . ctM x] ch'{g Û o:tf] s'/fdf zf]s ug'{ Joy{ 5 .
cJoQm k|f/De / cGtdf x'G5 / JoQm dWodf b[Zo x''G5 . cJoQmnfO{ hfGgsf nflu
JoQmleq k|j]z ug''{k5{ . JoQmsf] ;Ldf x'G5, cJoQmsf] s'g} ;Ldf x'Fb}g . cJoQm cgGt / ;fu/
h:t} x'G5 . xfdL :jod\leq plqof}+“ eg] dfq To;nfO{ hfGg ;S5f}+“ . xfd|f] Zjf; / /utnfO{ x/kn
rnfpg], vfPsf] vfgf krfpg] / 7f]; vfgf t/ndf kl/0ft ug]{ sfo{ s'g} cJoQm zlQmåf/f
;~rflnt eO/x]sf] 5 . xfdLnfO{ lg›f klg cJoQmaf6 g} cfpF5 . z/L/df rf]6 nfUbf leqaf6
tTsfn 3fp lgsf] kfg{ Zj]t /QmtŒj (WBC) rf]6 nfu]sf] :yfgdf cfOk'U5 . la/fdL x'Fbf ;xL
pkrf/ zlQm (Healing Force) leqaf6 cfpF5 . ;a} JoQm 36gfsf k5fl8 cJoQm df}h'b x'G5 .
k|To]s ¿kleq c¿k df}h'b x'G5 . ;fIfL eP/ leq x]b}{ hfFbf la:tf/} dgleqsf ljrf/x¿ labf
x'G5g\ / Tof] c¿k b]lvg yfN5 . ha leqsf] le8 aflxl/G5, ta :joDf\sf] af]w ;'? x'G5 clg
cfˆgf] kl/ro k|fKt eP/ cJoQmsf] ofqf ;'? x'G5 . h'g lbg cfkm"leqsf] cJoQmnfO{ b]lvG5, To;}
If0fb]lv ;a}lt/ ToxL cJoQm b]lvG5 . c¿k|ltsf] ljrf/nfO{ ;fIfL efjn] s]xL gu/L x]l//x]df ToxfF
c¿k|ltsf] ljrf/ lt/f]lxt eP/ cfkm"leqsf] Tof] c¿k / cJoQmsf] ;fIffTsf/ x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ToxL
cJoQm s'/f ug{'x'G5, hf] klxn] klg lyof], clxn] 5 / ;bf /xG5 . clxn] JoQmaf6 5f]lkPsf] x'gfn]
xfdL To;nfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}gf“}+ . hLjgsf] OR5f g/fv]kl5 cJoQm v''lDrg yfN5 / rfxgf Pjd\ OR5f
;dfKt x'G5 .
cJoQm v'lDrg' / hLjgsf] OR5f 5'6\g' o''uky 36gf xf] . cJoQmaf6 xfdL cnu 5}gf}+“ / x''g}
;Sb}gf“} . cl:tTjdf b'j} Ps x''G5, s]jn o;nfO{ hfGg] JolQm dfq o;af6 cnu x'g ;S5 .
cxª\sf/ / lg/xÍf/ efjdf xfdLnfO{ k|tLlt cnu x'g ;S5 t/ xfdL cJoQmsf g} lx:;f xf}+ . xfdL
h] ul//x]sf 5f}+“, hf] ;f]lr/x]sf 5f“}+ Tof] cJoQmn] ul//x]sf] 5 eGg]] h'g lbg nfU5, To;} lbg Tof]
k/dsf] cg'ej x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gsf] w/ftnaf6 af]Nbf pgnfO{ k|lti7f lbFb} æx] dxfafx', x] ef/tÆ
eGg'x'G5 . t/ pxfFn] cfˆgf] txaf6 af]Nbf ch{'gnfO{ d"v{, gk'+;s, sf“t/ cflb klg eGg'eof] .
lzv/af6 u/]sf] s'/f ch{'gn] a''¤bf klg a'em]gg\ eGg] s[i0fnfO{ nfu]sf] x'g'k5{ . To;}n] pxfF ca
ch{'gsf] txdf cf]ln{P/ af]Nb} x''g'x'G5 .
df]xDdbn] æd o:tf] Ogf/ x'F, olb ltdL dsxfF kfgL lkpg cfPgf} eg] klg d ltdLsxfF g}
cfpg] 5'Æ eg]h:t} s[i0f s?0ffk"j{s ch{'g;dIf cfpg'eof] . ca s[i0f ch{'gn] a'‰g g;Sg] s'/f
ug{'x'Gg, ca pxfF ts{–ljts{sf ;fy cfˆgf s'/f eGg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltd|f] s'/f
g} l7s xf] eg] klg of] z/L/ h''g ef}lts kbfy{ Pjd\ dfofn] ag]sf] 5, Tof] o;}df x/fpF5 / of] aGg]
/ ld6\g] z/L/sf nflu ljåfg\ k'?ifn] lrGtf ub}{gg\ . To;}n] ltdL klg x] ch'[{g Û zf]s gu/ . s[i0f
klxn] o:tf] hfGg] JolQm 1fgsf nflu pknAw x'G5 eGg'x'GYof], ca ljåfg\ k'?if lrGtf ub}{gg\
eGg'x'G5 . ljåfg\ ts{sf w/ftndf afFR5 / 1fgL cg'e"ltsf] tndf afFR5 . 1fgL hfGb5 / ljåfg\

nf]suLtf– 41
cWofo–@
;f]Rb5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb ltdL 1fgL x'g ;Sb}gf} eg] ljåfg\ t xf]pm . x] ch{'g Û olb ;a} s'/f
ljgfz x'G5 eg] ltdL s;/L To;nfO{ arfpFg ;S5f} . h'g s'/f lglZrt ¿kdf gi6 x'G5 eg] ltdL
;f]r]/ ljåfg\ k'?ifh:tf] xf]pm . >Ls[i0f ch'{gnfO{ Tof] cd[tTjsf] :d/0f u/fpg r]tgfsf ljleGg
;f]kfgaf6 s'/f ug{'x'G5 . ch{'gn] ts{af6 xf]Og cg'ejaf6 Tof] cd[t tŒj;Fu ;fIffTsf/ ug{ ;s"g\
eGg] >Ls[i0fsf] r]i6f /x]sf] 5 .
cfZro{jTkZolt slZrb]g–
dfZro{jåblt ty}j rfGoM .
cfZro{jRr}gdGoM >[0ff]lt
>'TjfKo]g+ j]b g r}j slZrt\ ..@(..
of] cfTdfnfO{ s;}n] cfZro{ dfg]/ x]5{, s;}n] cfZro{sf ;fy JofVof ub{5, s;}n] cfZro{
dfg]/ o;sf af/]df ;'Gb5 t/ sf]xL eg] cfTdfsf af/]df ;'g]/ klg hfGb}g ..
cfTdfsf] lbzfdf s'g} klg dfu{af6 ofqf ug{' cfZro{ / rdTsf/ xf] . s/f]8f“}+df s'g} Psn]
To; prfOlt/ cfFvf p7fpF5 cGoyf xfd|f] cfFvfn] t hldg g} lgofln/x]sf] x'G5 . o; ;+;f/df
la/n} JolQm cfkm"nfO{ hfGg pT;'s x'G5 . æd sf] x'FÆ eGg]] k|d'v lh1f;f s;}n] /fVb}g . cfh
cfkm"nfO{ ghfGg] JolQmx¿ g} aflx/L vf]hdf lgl:s/x]sf 5g\ . slxn] s/f]8f}Fdf Ps hgf JolQm
cfTdfsf] vf]h ug{ lgl:sG5 t/ Tof] cfTdfsf] vf]hsf] ljrf/ lrGtg–>j0f–dgg u/]/ dfq klg
pknAw x'g ;Sb}g . cfTdfnfO{ ToxL JolQmn] lrGb5 h;n] ljrf/nfO{ klg cltqmd0f u5{ . Ps t
s/f]8f}+“df Psn] cfTdfsf af/]df s'g} ljrf/ u5{ / To;df klg cToGt cNkJolQmn] ca ljrf/af6
of] kfpg ;lsFb}g eg]/ ljrf/nfO{ cltqmd0f u/L cl3 a9\5 . ljrf/sf] ;LdfeGbf cl3 dfq To;sf]
cg'ej x'g ;S5 lsgeg] cfTdf ljrf/eGbf cufl8 5 . ljrf/ cfTdfdf p7]sf] nx/ of t/Ë dfq
xf] .
ulx/f] lg›fdf x'Fbf ljrf/ t x'Fb}g t/ xfdL x'G5f“}+ . laxfg p7]/ /fd|f] lg›f nfUof] eG5f}+,
lsgeg] xfdL ljrf/ xf]Ogf}+“ . cfTdfsf] af/]df xfdL ljrf/ g} ub}{gf} s]jn j:t'x¿sf] dfq ljrf/
u5f“}{+ . j:t'x¿kl5 ljrf/sf] huTf\df x'G5f}+“ / ToxfFaf6 klg cfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;Dej 5}g . ljrf/sf]
huTf\af6 :joDf\sf] huTf\df k|j]z u/]df dfq To;nfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 . lrGtg, dgg / :j–
cWoogaf6 To;nfO{ hfGg ;lsGg . s;}n] cfTdfsf ;DaGwdf s]xL atfpg vf]h]df cfZro{
dfGg''k5{ sf/0f cfTdfsf ;DaGwdf ;'Gg] lh1f;f / OR5f s;}nfO{ klg 5}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– s;}n] cfTdfnfO{ cfZro{ dfg]/ x]b{5, s;}n] cfZro{sf ;fy JofVof ub{5 / s;}n]
cfZro{ dfg]/ o;sf af/]df ;'Gb5 t/ sf]xL cfTdfsf af/]df ;'g]/ klg hfGb}g . To;}n] cfTdfsf
;DaGwdf k|jrg lbg vf]Hg' cfZro{ xf] lsgeg] To;nfO{ hfGg sf]xL pT;'s g} 5}gg\ . s[i0f :jod\
klg ch{'gsf] dfu gePsf] s'/f ;DemfO/xg'ePsf] 5 . ch{'g t knfog x'g vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ /
;fGTjgf dfu]/ efUg rfxG5g\ . cfTdfsf af/]df pkb]z lbg vf]Hg' ck|f;lËs s'/f xf] . o;sf af/]df
;Demfpg, a'emfpg klg sl7g 5 lsgeg] hfGg] pT;'stf gx''Gh]n;Dd ;DemfP/ klg s''g} cy{
x''Fb}g .
b]xL lgTodjWof]˜o+ b]x] ;j{:o ef/t .
t:dfT;jf{l0f e"tflg g Tj+ zf]lrt'dx{l; ..#)..
x] ef/t Û b]xsf] gfz eP klg b]xsf] :jfdL cfTdf zfZjt 5, cyf{t\ cfTdfnfO{ slxNo} dfg{
;lsGg . ctM oL ;Dk"0f{ z/L/wf/Lx¿sf lglDt ltdL zf]s ug{ of]Uo 5}gf} ..
nf]suLtf– 42
 cWofo–@
:jwd{dlk rfj]Io g ljslDkt'dx{l; .
wDof{l4 o'4fR5«]of]˜GoTIflqo:o g ljBt] ..#!..
x] ch{'g Û cfˆgf] k/Dk/fut Iflqo wd{nfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ ;Íf]r gdfgL o'4sf lglDt tof/ xf]pm
lsgeg] Iflqosf nflu wd{o'Qm o''4eGbf >]o:s/ / sNof0fsf/L st{Jo c¿ s'g} x'g] 5}g ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] kfy{ c¿ s'/f 5f]8 Û ltdL t Iflqo xf} . To;}n] o'4 5f]8]/ hfg' sbflk
>]o:s/ x'Fb}g . pxfF eGg'x'G5– z/L/ gfz eP klg cfTdf gfz x'Fb}g lsgeg] cfTdf ch/, cd/ 5 .
of] gfz x'Fb}g / o;nfO{ gi6 ug{ klg ;lsFb}g . t/ z/L/ t gfzjfg\ 5 / of] gfz x'g] j:t'sf nflu
zf]s ug{' lg/y{s 5 . o; ;TonfO{ a'em]/ ltdL lrGtf gu/ . Iflqo wd{ eg]sf] o'4df lk7 kmsf{pg]
wd{ xf]Og, o'4sf] ;fdgf ug{] xf] . To;}n] ltdL cfˆgf] wd{ cg's"n cfr/0f u/ . olb ltdLn] Iflqo
wd{cg';f/ o'4 u/]gf} eg] Tof] sNof0fsf/s x'Fb}g .
ljut xhf/f}F jif{b]lv j0f{ljefhgk|lt ;dfh / dflg;x¿sf lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ ts{x¿ cfO/x]sf
5g\ . ;a} JolQmx¿ ;dfg x'G5g\ eGg] ;DaGwdf k|fo ;a} dflg;sf] ;xdlt 5 . JolQmsf] :j¿k jf
k|sf/df km/s ePsf] s'/fnfO{ klg :jLsf/ ug{ 5f]l8Psf] 5 . ;gftg j0f{Joj:yfg';f/ dflg;nfO{
rf/ efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] lyof] t/ To;nfO{ gdfg]/ dflg; ;a} ;dfg x'g\ eGg]] wf/0ffn]
;dfhdf cGof]n k}bf ePsf] 5 lsgeg] k|To]s JolQm Ps} k|sf/sf x'g} ;Sb}gg\ . j0f{Joj:yfsf]
wf/0ffnfO{ s'l07t ug{' cToGt ck|fs[lts / ca'emkg xf] .
l:j; dgf]lrlsT;s sfn{ u':tfkm h'Ë (Carl Gustav Jung) n] klg dflg;nfO{ rf/ efudf
ljefhg u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf] vf]h Pjd\ cg';Gwfgsf] kl/0ffd cg';f/ dflg; ;a} Ps} k|sf/sf x'g}
;Sb}gg\ . klZrdsf k|Voft dgf]j}1flgs k|mfo8 (Sigmund Freud) n] klg dflg; ;a} ;dfg x'g
;Sb}gg\ eGb} ;dfhjfbnfO{ g} r'gf}tL lbPsf 5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ dflg; ;a} ;dfg x'g\ eGg' e'm6
xf] . ;gftg lxGb" wd{n] oxL c;dfgtfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL k|frLg ;dob]lv dflg;nfO{ a|fXd0f, IfqL,
j}Zo / z"› rf/ j0f{df ljefhg u/]sf] lyof] . h;sf] k|f0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;dk{0f af}l4s eP/ pmhf{
a'l4df ¿kfGtl/t x'G5≤ Tof] a|fXd0f xf] . cNa6{ cfOG:6fOg (Albert Einstein) h:tf JolQm
a|fXd0fsf] sf]6Ldf k5{g\ .
1fgeGbf cfsfª\IffnfO{ ;j{:j 7fGg] JolQm Iflqo xf] . p;sf] cfsfª\Iffsf] ;|f]t g} zlQm xf] .
hf] JolQm zlQmsf] pkf;s eP/ ;Dk"0f{ pmhf{ zlQmsf nflu vr{G5 / zlQmsf nflu h] klg ug{
tTk/ x'G5≤ tL Iflqo x'g\ . ch{'gsf] JolQmTj of]4fsf] 5≤ To;}n] pgL Iflqo x'g\ . ch{'g ;xL ¿kdf
Iflqo x'g\ t/ o'4d}bfgdf pgL a|fXd0fsf] h:tf] s'/f ub}{ 5g\ . ch{'gsf] dgsf] 9fFrf, zf/Ll/s
agfj6, k|lzIf0f ;a} Iflqosf] xf] . z:qf:q g} pgsf] cfTdf xf] . pgL t/jf/sf] wf/df k/dfTdfsf]
emns b]V5g\ . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL o'4afx]s ;a} s'/f 5f]8 Û Iflqo wd{
lgjf{xsf nflu g} ltdL cfPsf xf} . olb Iflqoaf6 cGo a|fXd0f, j}Zo of z"› x'g rfXof} eg] ltdL
bLg–xLg x'g] 5f} . ltdLn] Iflqoafx]s cGo aGg] k|oTg u¥of} eg] Tof] cfkm"dflysf] 7'nf] ck/fw x'g]
5 ;fy} ltdL cfˆgf] p2]Zoaf6 Ro't x'g] 5f} . ctM IflqoeGbf leGg x'g] ck/fw gu/ .Æ
j0f{sf] Joj:yf t'ngfTds xf]Og, of] ;dtnLo (Horizental) Joj:yf xf] . k|To]s j0f{ cfkm“}+df
;j{>]i7 5g\, ltgsf] Ps csf{;Fu t'ngf ug{ ldNb}g . cfˆgf] :jwd{ / k];fcg'¿k ltgLx¿ cf–
cfˆgf j0f{df >]i7 x'G5g\ . h'g lbg j0f{sf] Joj:yfnfO{ Ps csf{;Fu t'ngf ug{ yflnof], ToxL
lbgb]lv j0f{sf] j}1flgstf, df}lnstf / dd{ Ro't x'Fb} hfg yfNof] / j0f{ Pp6f s[lqd cgfrf/ aGg
k'Uof] . oL rf/ j0f{df g s'g} ;fgf g t sf]xL 7'nf 5g\ s[i0fsf cg';f/ k|To]s JolQm cf–cfˆgf]

nf]suLtf– 43
cWofo–@
j0f{af6 k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ . cfˆgf] :jwd{ / :jsd{ cg';f/ ltgLx¿ cf–cfˆgf j0f{df
>]i7 x'G5g\ . k|To]s JolQm cfˆg} j0f{af6 ;To;Dd k'Ug ;S5 t/ j0f{sf] hGd;+“u s'g} ;DaGw 5}g .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ dgf]j}1flgs ¿kdf ltdL Iflqoafx]s c¿ sf]xL x'g ;Sb}gf} eGg'x'G5 .
dgf]j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\ k|To]s dflg;sf] cfwf a'l4 tLg jif{leq g} lgdf{0f x'G5, clg afFsL cfwf a'l4
hLjgel/ lgdf{0f x'G5 . ;fy} tLg jif{leq lgdf{0f ePsf] a'l4 ckl/jt{gzLn x'G5 . dxfjL/ / a'4
Iflqo s'ndf hlGdP/ z'4 a|fXd0f eP t/ ch{'g pxfFx¿ h:tf] a|fXd0f x'g ;Sb}gg\ lsgeg] pgsf]
k|lzIf0f of]4fsf] ¿kdf ePsf] 5 . a'4nfO{ ;fgf] pd]/df xl/0f / r/fr'?ËLdfly lgzfgf nufpg /
xTof ug{ l;sfpg vf]Hbf pgn] To;nfO{ c:jLsf/ u/]sfn] To;sf] ;§f k'tnfx¿ :yflkt u/L
cEof; / k|lzIf0f lbOof] t/ ch{'gsf] lzIff g} z:qf:q ljBf ePsf]n] lx+;fk|]l/t lzIff lnP/ pgL
of]4f ag]sf x'g\ . afNofj:yfdf lgld{t a'l4 Pjd\ Iflqo j0f{ cg's"nsf] zlQmk|ltsf] pgsf] cfsfª\Iff
ca kl/jt{g x'g} ;Sb}g . To;}n] ch{'gsf] :jefjsf af/]df hfgsf/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltd|f] :jefj
ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ ltdLaf6 x'g} ;Sb}g ctM o'4af6 gefu . olb ltdL o'4af6 efUof} eg] ckoz dfq
kfpg] 5f} .
ob[R5of rf]kkGg+ :ju{åf/dkfj[td\ .
;'lvgM IflqofM kfy{ neGt] o'4dLb[zd\ ..#@..
x] kfy{ Û cfkm}+ k|fKt ePsf], :ju{sf] v'n]sf] 9f]sf h:tf] o; k|sf/sf] o'4sf] cj;/ efUojfg\
Iflqox¿n] dfq kfpF5g\ ..
>Ls[i0f k'gM Iflqo hfltsf] dxfgtf / k|lti7faf/] atfpFb} eGg'x'G5– Iflqosf] k|lti7f /
cj;/ b'j} o'4 xf] . o'4 g} k|lti7f k|fKt x'g] dfWod / clUgk/LIff xf] . o'4sf] r'gf}tL :jLsfg{ ;Sg]
JolQmn] dfq :ju{sf] oz / sLlt{ k|fKt u5{ / o'4af6 efUg]n] gs{ / ckoz dfq k|fKt u5{ .
>Ls[i0fn] :ju{ / gs{sf] ef}uf]lns cj:yfsf af/]df eGg'ePsf] xf]Og, o'4sf] s;f}6L g} Iflqox¿sf]
:ju{ ePsf] s'/f dfq eGg vf]Hg'ePsf] xf] .
csa/n] cfˆgf] cfTdsyfdf n]v]sf 5Gf\– b'O{ hgf Iflqo o'jfx¿ cfˆgf] k'?iffy{ k|bz{g
ug{sf nflu Ps lbg sfd vf]Hb} csa/sxfF cfP . pgn] tL o'jsx¿;Fu æltdLx¿;Fu axfb'/Lsf] s]
k|df0f 5Æ eGb} hjfkm dfu] . olQs}df tL o'jsx¿n] em6k6 cf–cfˆgf t/jf/ lgsfn]/ Ps csf{sf]
5ftLdf /f]k] . Tof] b]v]/ csa/ cflQP / pgn] xQkQ ;]gfklt dfgl;+xnfO{ af]nfP/ k'?ifTjsf]
k|df0f dfUbf lsg o;k|sf/sf] 36gf 36]sf] xf] eGg] sf/0f hfGg rfx] . dfgl;+xn] Iflqox¿nfO{
pgLx¿sf] jL/tfsf af/]df s'g} k|Zg ug{'x'Fb}g lsgeg] pgLx¿ cfˆgf] k|f0f ;b}j xTs]nfdf /fv]/
lxF8\5g\ eGg] hjfkm lbP . oxL g} Iflqo hfltsf] kl/ro xf] . k/:k/df le8]/ dg{ nfUbf klg
pgLx¿ k|;Gg b]lvGy] .
ch{'gsf nflu :ju{sf] åf/ pgn] o'4df ug]{ Jojxf/df lge{/ x'G5 . o'4 pgsf nflu k/LIff /
r'gf}tL b'j} xf] . afNofj:yfb]lv g} pgsf] Wofg z:qljBfdf g} s]lGb|t lyof] . :ju{sf /fhf OG›af6
lbJof:q, eujfg\ lzjaf6 kfz'ktf:q nufotsf lbJof:q k|fKt u/]/ pgn] z:qljBfdf >]i7tf
xfl;n u/]sf lyP . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o'4sf nflu g} ltdLn] Tolt 7'nf] pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf 5f} .
h'g s'/fsf] nflu ltdL k|tLIff/t lyof}, To;sf] ;fdgf gu/L knfoglt/ pGd'v x'g' lsdfy{ plrt
x'Fb}g . ltd|f lglDt knfog x'g' eg]sf] gs{sf] s'/f xf] . Iflqosf nflu o'4 cj;/ / r'gf}tL b'j} xf] .
hLjg bfpdf nufP/ eP klg o'4 u/ . x] ch{'g Û cGoyf ltdL kZrfQfksf] e'd/Ldf kg]{ 5f} . :ju{
/ gs{ ltd|} cufl8 5g\ . wd{o'4 n8\of} eg] :ju{ / o'4af6 efUof} eg] gs{ k'Ug] 5f} .

nf]suLtf– 44
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cy r]Œjldd+ wDo{+ ;ª\u|fd+ g sl/iol; .
ttM :jwd{+ sLlt{+ r lxTjf kfkdjfK:ol; ..##..
x] ch{'g Û olb ltdLn] of] wd{o'4 u/]gf} eg] jf ltdLaf6 Iflqo st{Jo kfngf ePg eg] lgZro
g} ltdLn] :jwd{ / sLlt{ u'dfpg] 5f} / ltdL kfksf eflubf/ aGg] 5f} ..
csLlt{+ rflk e"tflg
syloiolGt t]˜Joofd\ .
;Defljt:o rfsLlt{–
d{/0ffbltl/Rot] ..#$..
olb o'4af6 efUof} eg] x] ch{'g Û ;f/f dflg;x¿n] w]/} sfn;Dd ltd|f] ckoz ufpg] 5g\ .
Pp6f ;Ddflgt JolQmsf nflu ckoz d[To'eGbf klg a9\tf si6s/ x'g] 5 ..
eofb|0ffb'k/t+ d+:oGt] Tjf+ dxf/yfM .
o]iff+ r Tj+ ax'dtf] e"Tjf of:ol; nf3jd\ ..#%..
o; o'4df h'g–h'g dxf/yLx¿n] ltdLnfO{ cToGt ;Ddfg u/]sf 5g\ ltgLx¿n] g} ltdLnfO{
o'4af6 8/fP/ ljd'v x'g vf]h]sf] cyf{t\ efu]sf] eg]/ t'R5 7fGg] 5g\ ..
cjfRojfbf+Zr ax"GjlbiolGt tjflxtfM .
lgGbGt:tj ;fdYo{+ ttf] b'Mvt/+ g' lsd\ ..#^..
x] ch{'g Û o'4af6 efUof} eg] ltd|f zq'x¿n] ltd|f] ;fdYo{sf] pkxf; ub}{ cg]sf}+ g/fd|f jrgx¿
k|of]u ub}{ ltd|f] lgGbf ug]{ 5g\ . To;eGbf b'vbfoL s'/f ltd|f nflu c¿ s] xf]nf <
ceo jf lg8/tf Iflqosf] cfTdf xf] . h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg rfx] Tof] d[To'j/0fs} cj:yf
eP klg pm xnrn x'Fb}g . wd{zf:qfg';f/ klg o'4af6 efu]df ch{'gn] cksLlt{ / kfksf] eflubf/
aGg'kg]{ s'/fk|lt >Ls[i0f ;r]t u/fpg'x'G5 . hxfF eo x'G5, ToxfF Iflqo x'Fb}g . dgdf 8/ k}bf x'Fbf
leq Åbodf sDkg x'G5 . ch{'gn] o'4k"j{ ;j{>]i7 wg'wf{/Lsf] kl/ro agfPsf 5g\ . olb o'4af6
efu] eg] pgLk|lt c¿n] u/]sf] e/f];f / cfb/ rsgfr'/ x'g] 5 . pgnfO{ Oltxf;df sfo/ JolQm
eg]/ lrq0f ul/g] 5 . Iflqo dg{ ;S5 t/ knfog eP/ afFRg ;Sb}g . t;y{ cfˆgf] :jefjsf]
ljk/Lt uP/ ch'{gn] kZrfQfk dfq ug]{ 5g\ . >Ls[i0f ch'{gnfO{ oxL s'/f ;DemfpFb} eGg'x'G5– x]
ch'{g Û ltdL]n] of] wd{o'4 u/]gf} / o'4af6 efUof} eg] ltdLn] :jwd{ / sLlt{ u'dfP/ kfksf] eflubf/
aGg] 5f} / ;f/f dg'ion] ltd|f] ckoz ufpg] 5g\, h'g d[To'eGbf si6s/ x'g]5 .
>Ls[i0f o'4k|]dL xf]Og, pxfF dg;\zf:qL ePsf]n] ch{'gsf] dgsf af/]df hfGg'x'G5 . ch{'g
s;/L uf}/jaf]w ug{ ;S5g\ of s] ubf{ pgdf xLgtfaf]w x'g ;S5 eGg] s'/f >Ls[i0f /fd|f];Fu
hfGg'x'G5 . cfh klg k|To]s JolQmn] cfkm"df cGtlg{lxt k|ltef cg';f/ k9fOsf] ljifo 5gf]6 ug]{ jf
cfˆgf] OR5fcg'¿ksf] If]qdf hfg] lg0f{o ug{ kfpFb}gg\ . afa'–cfdfsf] rfxgfcg';f/sf] ljifo 5gf]6
u/L pgLx¿sf] OR5fadf]lhdsf] If]qdf hfg'kg]{ afWotf x'g ;S5 . k|Voft ef/tLo slj d}lynLz/0f
u'Kt Ps lbg slj ;""o{sfGt lqkf7L …lg/fnfÚ sxfF ef]hgsf nflu hfg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] lg/fnfsf]
efG;]sf] xfnva/ ;f]Wg'eof] . lg/fnfsf efG;]n] eg]– c¿ ;a} t /fd|} 5 t/ 5f]/f] gfnfos eof] .
s:tf] gfnfos egL k|Zg ubf{ pgn] 5f]/f] slj ePsf] hjfkm lbP . lg/fnfsf] cj:yf s:tf] eof]
xf]nf ;f]Rg ;lsG5 . of] afa'sf] OR5fljk/Lt eof] eGg]] cfzo lyof] .

nf]suLtf– 45
cWofo–@
/jLG›gfy 6}uf]/sf] kl/jf/sf clwsf+z ;b:ox¿ lrlsT;s jf OlGhlgo/ ePsfn] 6}uf]/sf
a'af pgnfO{ slj xf]Og, To:t} lrlsT;s jf OlGhlgo/ g} agfpg rfxg'x'GYof] . pgsf] kl/jf/ 7'nf]
lyof] . k|To]s kl/jf/sf] hGdlbgdf s]xL l6Kk0fL n]Vg] k|rng lyof] . cfˆgf] rfxgfcg';f/sf] If]qdf
gnfu]/ ;flxlTos If]qdf nfu]sfn] /jLG›gfynfO{ pgsL cfdfn] of] 5f]/faf6 cfkm"nfO{ s'g} cfzf
gePsf] l6Kk0fL n]Vg'ePsf] lyof] . cfh /jLGb|gfysf kl/jf/sf] Oltxf;df s;}sf] pNn]v kfOFb}g t/
pgL ljZj ;flxTodf ch/–cd/ 5g\ .
cfh ;+;f/df ePsf c:tJo:ttf / c;Gt'li6nfO{ b]v]/ dgf]j}1flgsx¿ To;sf] k|d'v sf/0f
:yfgRo'lt (Displacement) jf :yfgfGt/0fnfO{ dfGb5g\ . k|To]s JolQmdf lglxt k|ltef k|bLKt aGg
kfPsf] 5}g, a? cf]Onfpg yfn]sf] 5 . JolQm h] x'g nfos 5, Tof] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g lsgeg] p;nfO{
cfˆgf] Ifdtfg';f/ xf]Og ls ank"j{s cGoq sxL“ nufOPsf] x'G5 h;n] ubf{ ;a} c:tJo:t 5 .
;a}nfO{ wSsf lbP/ cfˆgf] :jefj ljk/Ltsf] sd{df nufOPsf] 5 . To;}n] t cfh k|To]s JolQmdf
cGtlg{lxt k|ltefnfO{ Vofn u/]/ Ifdtf / k|ltef Pjd\ afnaflnsfsf rfxgf cg';f/sf /f]hfOsf
If]qdf g} nufpg dgf]j}1flgsx¿ ;'emfj lbG5g\ . ch{'gdf lglxt k|ltefsf] klxrfg u/]/ o'4df
cl3 a9\g >Ls[i0f ;'emfpFb} eGg'x'G5– o'4df h'g h'g dxf/yLx¿n] ltdLnfO{ cToGt} ;Ddfg u/]sf
5g\ pgLx¿n] o'4af6 ljd'v x'g vf]h]sf]df t'R5 7fg]/ ltd|f] ;fdYo{sf] pkxf; ub}{ lgGbf ug]{ 5g\ .
o;eGbf b'vbfoL s'/f c¿ s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . o'4df cl3 a9\g] pTk|]/0ff ;a}sf nflu elgPsf] xf]Og .
>Ls[i0fsf] o; egfOnfO{ ;a}sf nflu ;fdfGoLs/0f ug{ ;lsGg .
ch'{g Pp6f ;DefJo Iflqo x'g\, hf] cfˆgf] :jefj Pjd\ k|ltefljk/Lt efUg rfxG5g\ .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f pgnfO{ :jwd{ cg's"nsf] sd{ ug{ k|]/0ff lbg'x'G5 . x/]s JolQmsf] :jwd{ p;sf] ;To
k|fKt ug]{ dfu{sf] sf];]9'Ëf x'g ;S5≤ ToxL g} p;sf] ;To klg xf] eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f ch{'gsf] :jsd{cg';f/ o'4af6 gefUg / o'4 ug{ k|]l/t ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . uLtfdf dxfjL/ of a'4
ePsf] eP klg pxfFx¿n] cfˆgf] ;Defjgf cg'¿k g} cfr/0f ug{'x'GYof] . uLtfsf] ;Gb]z k|To]s
JolQmn] cfˆgf] ;Defjgfsf] vf]hL u/L To; cg'¿ksf] sfo{ ug{'k5{ eGg] xf] . h;af6 JolQmnfO{
;To;Dd k'Ug / ;TonfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;xh x'G5 .
xtf] jf k|fK:ol; :ju{+ lhTjf jf ef]Io;] dxLd\ .
t:dfb'lQi7 sf}Gt]o o'4fo s[tlgZroM ..#&..
x] s'GtLk'q Û olb ltdL o'4df dfl/of} eg] :ju{nf]s kfpg] 5f} / o'4df ljho xfl;n u¥of} eg]
ltdLn] k[YjLsf] /fHo ef]Ug] 5f} . ctM b[9 lgZrosf ;fy p7 / o'4 u/ ..
o'gfgL ljåfg\ Kn]6f]nfO{ Psk6s s;}n] :ju{ Pjd\ ;'v s] xf] eg]/ ;f]w] pgn] k|To'Q/ lbFb}
eg]– JolQmsf] cGt:s/0fsf] efj;Fu ha aflx/sf] cfr/0fsf] ;ËLtk"0f{ tfnd]n x'G5 of JolQmleq
n's]sf] efj ha ;fsf/ x'G5, ta dflg;n] ;'vsf] cg'e"lt u5{ . JolQmsf] Åbodf n's]sf] aLh ha
k|s6 x'G5 jf cfˆgf] sfdgf k"/f ePsf] l:ylt x'G5, To;nfO{ g} :ju{ elgG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
k|To]s dflg;sf] u'0fwd{ / cGt:s/0fdf l:yt aLh ;fsf/ ePdf jf cfsfª\Iff k"/f ePdf ToxL g}
;'v / :ju{ xf] . h'g :jefj, u'0fwd{ jf ;Defjgf af]s]/ JolQm hGd]sf] x'G5 Tof] :jefj, cfsfª\Iff
k"/f x'g ;s]g eg] b'v k|fKt x'G5 cyf{t\ h] x'gsf nflu hGd]sf] xf] Tof] k"/f x'g g;Sg' g} b'v xf] .
:jwd{af6 el8\sg' jf Ro't x'g' g} 7'nf] gs{ xf] / :jwd{ k|fKt ug{' g} dxfg\ :ju{ xf] . ch{'g o:t}
lar efudf plePsf 5g\ . pgLleq h'g u'0fwd{ 5 Tof] pgL x'g rfxFb}gg\ / h] 5}g Tof] x'g
rfxG5g\ . pgL c;Dej tgfjdf plePsf 5g\ .

nf]suLtf– 46
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:jwd{sf ljk/Lt hfg' cwf]ultlt/ pGd'v x'g' xf] eg] :jwd{nfO{ cfTd;\ft\ ug{' k|ultsf]
l;F9L r9\g' xf] . klZrdsf ljrf/s Oa|fx\d d];nf]sf cg';f/ JolQmn] ha leqL ;Defjgfsf]
prfOnfO{ 5'G5, ta pm ;dflwsf] cj:yfdf k'U5 . ch{'g o'4sf] cj:yfdf cfˆgf] lg0f{osf]
;'lglZrttfsf] pRrtd l:yltdf ha k'Ug] 5g\ ta pgsf ;fd' ljho of d[To'sf] l:ylt cfpg] 5 .
To;}n] t >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdLnfO{ Pp6f prfO 5'g] ;jf]{Rr cj;/ k|fKt ePsf] 5,
h'g af/Daf/ k|fKt x'Fb}g . o:tf] cj;/sf nflu dflg;n] cg]s hGdx¿sf] k|tLIff ug{'k5{ .
ch{'g¿kL km"n kmqmg] / km'Ng] dxfef/t¿kL o'4df dfq xf], cGoyf km'Ng ;Sb}g . h'g o'4 cfkm“}+df
r'gf}tLsf] kxf8 xf], hxfF ch{'gsf] lht jf xf/ lglZrt 5}g, o:tf] cj:yfdf dfq pgsf] Ifdtfsf]
km"n kmqmg ;S5 / lzv/ r'Dg ;S5 . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ o'4sf lglDt olt w}/} hf]8
ul//xg'ePsf] 5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL cfˆgf] ;Defjgf cg'¿k olb o'4af6 ljd'v eof} eg]
ltd|f] ;fdYo{sf] lgGbf jf cfnf]rgf ub}{ ltd|f zq'x¿n] gfgf k|sf/sf 5'› jrg af]Ng] 5g\ . olb
o'4df n8\of} eg] cfˆgf] cGt:s/0fsf] prfOdf k'u]/ d[To' ef]Ug'k/] klg ltdLn] :ju{sf] prfO kfpg]
5f}, h;sf nflu hLjge/ k|tLIff/t lyof} . olb ljhoL eof} eg] t ltdLn] ;fd|fHo r'Dg] 5f} h;sf
nflu Iflqosf] 7'nf] cfsfª\Iff /x]sf] x'G5 . olb xf¥of} eg] klg Iflqo wd{ lgjf{x ub}{ jL/ult k|fKt
ug]{ 5f} / :ju{sf] af; x'g] 5 . ctM b[9 lgZrosf ;fy p7 / o'¢ u/ .
;'vb'Mv] ;d] s[Tjf nfefnfef} hofhof} .
ttf] o'4fo o'Ho:j g}j+ kfkdjfK:ol; ..#*..
x] ch{'g Û ;'v–b'v, nfe–xflg, ho–k/fho cflbnfO{ ;dfg 7fg]/ o'4sf nflu o'4 u/ . o:tf]
k|sf/n] o'4 u¥of} eg] ltdLnfO{ s'g} kfk nfUg] 5}g ..
;fwf/0ftof xfdL kfk / k'0o / /fd|f] of g/fd|f] sfdnfO{ klg s[To 7fG5f}“ t/ kfk–k'0o s[To
geP/ stf{efj xf] . dg'ion] ug]{ ;f/f s[To gLltdf cfwfl/t x'G5 / gLltdf ;dfh cfa4 x'G5 .
gLltn] ug{ x'g] / ug{ gx'g] sfdsf ;DaGwdf :ki6 lgb]{zg lbPsf] x'G5 . s[To cgGt;Dd rln/xg]
k|lqmof xf] hf] JolQm ;dfKt ePkl5 klg ;dfKt x'Fb}g . of] 7'nf] >[ª\vnfsf] Pp6f s8L xf] / of]
>[ª\vnf cGtxLg x'G5 . Pp6f ;fgf] s[Toaf6 klg To;sf] t/Ë /lx/xG5, h:tf] ls Pp6f 9'ª\uf
kf]v/Ldf ˆofFSbf Tof] kfgLdf 8'a] klg kfgLdf cfPsf] t/Ë rln/xG5 . To;}n] s'g s[To l7s xf] /
s''g a]l7s xf] eGg ufx|f] 5 . s'g} klg s[Tosf] kl/0ffd s] x'G5 eGg] s'/f cg]sf}+ ;Defjgfx¿n]
lgwf{/0f u5{g\ . låtLo ljZjo'4 cufl8 lx6n/nfO{ s;}n] uf]nL xfg]/ dfl/lbPsf] eP of] s[To z'e
of cz'e s] x'GYof] ljrf/0fLo 5 . ;a} gLltjfbLx¿ s[Toaf6 g} ;f]Rb5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL h] u5f}{ Tof] l7s xf] of a]l7s eGg]] s'/f dxŒjk"0f{ xf]Og,
dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f t ltdL s] xf} / ltd|f] dgf]bzf s:tf] 5, To;df lge{/ x'G5 . JolQmsf] efjbzf
dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . olb JolQmn] ;'v–b'v, nfe–xflg / ho–k/fhonfO{ ;dfg 7fG5 eg] To:tf]
cj:yfdf p;n] u/]sf sfo{df kfk nfUb}g . c¿nfO{ rf]6 k'¥ofpg] s[To ta x'G5 ha Tof] s[Toaf6
cfkm"nfO{ nfe jf xflg x'G5 . h;df ;'v–b'v, nfe–xflg / ho–k/fhosf] efj x'Fb}g p;n] csf{nfO{
rf]6 k'¥ofpg] uNtL g} ub}{g . s[i0fsf] hf]8 s[Todf xf]Og JolQmdf 5 / JolQmn] h'g ;t{x¿sf]
cwLgdf /xL s[To ug{'k5{ Tof] dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ch'{gnfO{ ;dflwsf] h:tf] ;defjsf]
l:yltdf k'¥ofpg rfxg'x'G5 . ;fdfGo ¿kdf x]bf{ s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ :jR5Gb x'g k|]l/t u/]sf] h:tf]
b]lvP klg vf;df pxfF ch{'gnfO{ ulx/f] ¿kfGt/0fdf n}hfg] k|of; ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . ;defjdf /xg]
nf]suLtf– 47
cWofo–@
JolQm :jR5Gb x'g} ;Sb}g . dg'io nfe k|fKt ug{sf nflu / xflgaf6 aRgsf nflu g} kfksd{df
nfUb5 . k|To]s s[To rf]/L, Jolerf/, a]OdfgL cflb nfe, ;'v / ljhosf nflu g} ul/G5 . o;/L g}
k'0o klg xflg, b'v, k/fho, c;kmntf cflbaf6 aRgsf nflu g} ul/G5 .
o; huTf\df g}lts / cg}lts JolQmx¿ nfe / xflgsf] cfwf/df ag]sf 5g\ . >Ls[i0f
gLltnfO{ gofF prfOdf n}hfg rfxg'x'G5 . ha;Dd ltdL nfe / xflgdf e]b b]V5f} ta;Dd ltdLn]
h] u/] klg Tof] kfk x'G5 / h'g lbg of] e]b d]l6G5 ta ltdLn] h] u/] klg ltdL kfkaf6 d'Qm
x'G5f} . s] ug]{ of s] gug]{ eGg]] ljifo k|d'v xf]Og, cfˆgf] lrQdf s'g} k|efj k5{ ls kb}{g Tof] d'Vo
s'/f xf] . olb nfe / xflgsf] k|efj k5{ eg] hlt;'s} 7'nf] k'0o u/] klg Tof] kfk x'G5 lsgeg] ;a}
k'0o kfksf cfwf/df lgdf{0f x'G5g\ . dlGb/, wd{zfnf h] agfP klg nfesf cfwf/df u/]sf] sfo{
kfk g} 7xl/G5 . ;a} k'0o kfks} w/ftndf plePsf] x'g ;S5g\ . k'0o ug]{ wg klg rf]/L /
kfkaf6 g} hDdf ePsf] x'g ;S5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– kfk / k'0o s[Toaf6 xf]Og JolQmsf]
cGt:s/0faf6 p7\g] dgf]efj;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . t;y{ x] ch'{g Û ;'v–b'v, nfe–xflg, ho–k/fho
cflbnfO{ ;dfg 7fg]/ o'4 u/ . o;f] u¥of} eg] ltdLnfO{ s'g} kfk nfUg] 5}g .
Piff t]˜lelxtf ;fª\Vo]
a'l4of]{u] lTjdf+ >[0f' .
a'4Øf o'Qmf] oof kfy{
sd{aGw+ k|xf:ol; ..#(..
x] kfy{ Û oxfF;Dd ;fª\Voof]usf] j0f{g ul/of] . ca d lgisfd sd{of]usf] JofVof u5{'≤ Tof]
ltdL ;'g . o;kl5 ;da'l4n] o'Qm ePsf ltdL sd{sf] aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'g] 5f} ..
;To k|fKt ug]{ af6fx¿ cgGt 5g\ . O{Zj/sf] dlGb/sf 9f]sf cgGt 5g\ lsgeg] cgGtnfO{
k|fKt ug]{ 9f]sf cgGt g} x'g'k5{ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– d}n] ltdLnfO{ k|f/Dedf ;fª\Vosf
af/]df atfPF . ;fª\Vo cToGt uxg 1fgb[li6 xf] . ;fª\Vob[li6sf af/]df a'‰g ;lsof] eg] c¿
dfu{x¿sf] cfjZostf g} kb}{g . ;fª\Vob[li6 a'‰g g;Sbf dfq c¿ b[li6sf] cfjZostf kb{5 .
hfkfgsf] a'4wd{sf] Ps zfvf h}g (Jainism) hf] klZrddf cTolws k|Voft 5, Tof] bz{g klg
;fª\Voaf6 g} cfPsf] xf] .
;fª\Vosf b[li6df hfGg' g} kof{Kt 5, s]xL ug{' cfjZos 5}g . ghfGg'sf sf/0fn] g} kL8f
l;lh{G5 / c1fg g} jf:tljs aGwg xf] . s[i0fd"lt{sf] ;f/f ljrf/ ;fª\Vo;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . bfz{lgs
;'s/ftn] 1fgnfO{ g} ;Œju'0f dfg]sf 5g\ . JolQmn] sfd, qmf]w, nf]e, df]x, jf;gf, rfxgf cflb
v/fa x'g\ eGg ;S5 . olb v/fa x'g\ eGg]] hfg]sf] eP pm To;af6 cnu x'g ;Sg'kg]{ xf] . oL v/fa
x'g\ eGg]] ;'g]sf] e/df ltgaf6 cnu x'g ;lsGg . hfGg' c¿af6 pwf/f] x'Fb}g, of] t :jod\af6
cg'e"t ul/Psf] x'g'k5{ . pbfx/0fsf nflu olb s'g} JolQmn] cfuf]df xft xfNbf kf]N5 eGg]] ;'g]sf] 5
/ csf]{ JolQmn] cfuf]df xft xfNbf kf]N5 eGg]] hfg]sf] 5 eg] oL b'j} l:yltdf 7'nf] e]b x'G5 . ;'g]sf]
JolQmn] cfuf]df xft xfNg ;S5 t/ kf]N5 eGg]] hfg]sf] JolQmn] slxNo} cfuf]df xft xfNb}g .
csf{af6 ;'g]sf] e/df hfGg' hfGg' x'g ;Sb}g . hfGg' t :jod\nfO{ cg'e"t x'g' xf] .
låtLo ljZjo'4df Ps l;kfxLn] cfˆgf] gfd, 7]ufgf, gDa/ cflbsf] :d[lt u'dfP . clg
pgnfO{ OËNofG8sf ufpFdf 3'dfP/ pgsf] :d[lt kmsf{pg] r]i6f ul/of] . /]nsf] ofqfsf qmddf
pgnfO{ ljleGg :6];gdf 3'dfOof] t/ Ps :6];gdf pgL cfkm} cf]ln{P / pgsf] :d[lt kmls{of] .
To;kl5 pgL cfˆgf] 3/df uP/ cfˆgf] ufpF, 3/, cfdf eGb} bf}l8P . ;fª\Vosf cg';f/ cfTd1fg

nf]suLtf– 48
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s]jn :d/0f x'g' xf] . s]jn :d[lt x/fPsf]df :d[lt lkmtf{ x'g' ;fª\Vo 1fg xf] . xfdLn] hfGg] s'/f
gofF xf]Og, of] t s]jn hfg]sf] s'/f lal;{Psf]df :d/0f lkmtf{ x'g' dfq xf] . lj:d[lt k'gM :d/0f x'g]
lalQs} s]xL ul//xg'kb}{g, hfGg] s'/f tTsfn hflgG5 .
eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] k|f/Dedf ;fª\Voof]usf] rrf{ u/]/ ch'{gsf] :d/0f lkmtf{ Nofpg] k|of;
ug{'eof] . pxfFn] ch{'gnfO{ cfTdf ch/, cd/ ePsf]n] o;sf] hGd / d[To' slxNo} gx'g] cljgfzL
tŒj ePsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . cfTdfsf] hGd / d[To' x'Fb}g, of] t cJoQm x'G5 / cJoQmnfO{
lardf JoQm dfq ePsf] xf] . ch{'g aGw'afGwj dfl/g] 8/n] eoeLt b]lvG5g\ t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5,
pgLx¿nfO{ dfg{ ;Dej g} 5}g lsgeg] d[To' t s]jn z/L/sf] x'G5, cfTdf slxNo} db}{g .
cfˆgf] :d[lt x/fPsf] l;kfxLnfO{ OËNofG8df ufpF–ufpFdf 3'dfP h:t} eujfg\ >Ls[i0f
ch{'gsf] :d/0f lkmtf{ u/fpg k|of;/t /xg'eof] . :d[lt lkmtf{ eP/ c1fgaf6 d'Qm ePsf] hfgsf/L
ch{'gaf6 cfpg] >Ls[i0fsf] cfzf ;kmn ePg . o;sf ljk/Lt ch{'g lzlyn eP/ uf08Lj /fVb}
xtfz dgl:yltsf ;fy anxLg eP/ /ydf r'krfk a;] . >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ ;fª\Vosf] dfu{af6
a'emfpg g;s]kl5 of]usf af/]df atfpg nfUg'eof] . ;fª\Voof]u >]i7 dfu{ xf] . ;fª\Voof]usf] s'/f
pgn] ga'em]kl5 s[i0f h:tf u'? x'gfn] cfˆgf lzionfO{ 1fgo'Qm u/fpg sd{of]usf af/]df atfpg
nfUg'ePsf] xf]] . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– æx] kfy{ ltd|f nflu ca d lgisfd sd{of]usf] JofVof u5'{
Tof] ltdL ;'g, h'g ;Da'l4n] o'Qm ePdf ltdL sd{sf aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'g] 5f} .Æ
hfkfgL h}g ljrf/ klg ;fª\Vo h:t} 5, To;df klg s]xL ug{' cfjZos 5}g . h;n] s]xL
u5{ Tof] el6\sG5≤ To;}n] pgLx¿ gvf]h, a? hfg eGb5g\ . hf] kfpg' 5 Tof] k|of;n] kfpg
;lsGg, a? k|of; gu/]df kfOG5 . ;fª\Vo sd{nfO{ Joy{ dfGb5 . cfTdf leq 5 To;nfO{ aflx/
vf]h]/ kfOGg . To;nfO{ csd{df plqP/ dfq kfpg ;lsG5 . ;f/f sd{x¿ h;af6 x'G5g\ t/ klg
pm ;a} sd{af6 aflx/ 5, To;nfO{ hfGg' g} 1fg xf] eg]/ ;fª\Vo eGb5 . 1fgsf ;Gbe{df h}g /
;fª\Vodf ;fdLKo 5 . h}g bz{gn] O{Zj/sf] s'/f ub}{g . p;n] eG5– ha;Dd Wofg 1fg x'Fb}g
ta;Dd a|Xdsf] s'/f ug{' Joy{ 5 / ha Wofg 1fg x'G5 ta t a|Xdsf] s'/f ug'{ emg} Joy{ x'G5 .
;Dk"0f{ hfGg] JolQmx¿df ;fª\Vosf] 1fg x'G5 . a'4sf] lrGtg z'4 ;fª\Vo xf]≤ To;}n] t
af}4wd{ ef/tv08af6 lj;lh{t eof] . af}4bz{gdf klg s]jn hfGg' dfq sfkmL 5, ug{' s]xL kb}{g .
huTf\df s]xL JolQmx¿ s]xL gul//xg ;Sb}gg\≤ pgLx¿sf nflu af}4wd{ ;fy{s x'g ;s]g . g s]xL
ug{' g s]xL kfpg' s]jn hfGg' g} af}4 bz{g xf] / hfkfgL h}g af}4wd{sf] Ps zfvf xf] .
ef/tv08eGbf aflx/ rLg, adf{, yfONofG8, hfkfg, sf]l/of / ltAatdf af}4wd{ :yflkt x'g;Sof] .
h'g cz'l4 ug{ oxfF af}4wd{ /fhL ePg, ltg} s'/fx¿df ToxfF pgLx¿n] ;Demf}tf ug{'k¥of] . To;}n]
of] wd{ cGoq sd{sf08 aGof] . ha;Dd ;fª\Vo dfq lyof] ta;Dd of] k|Voft x'g ;s]g lsgeg]
z'4 ;fª\Vo w]/} sd JolQmx¿n] dfq a'‰b5g\ . ha o; wd{df ;Demf}tf eof] ta of] wd{ ToxfF
:yflkt x'g;Sof] . ;fª\Vosf] z'4 ljrf/wf/fnfO{ cg';/0f ug]{x¿ cNk;ª\Vofdf dfq /x]sf] x'gfn]
pgLx¿ k|foM nf]k g} eP .
a|XdjfbLx¿ O{Zj/jfbL gx'g klg ;S5g\ . pgLx¿ cJoQm g} kof{Kt ePsf] 7fGb5g\ .
O{Zj/sf] cy{ ;[li6stf{ / a|Xdsf] cy{ z'4 hLjgsf] pmhf{ xf] . O{Zj/ xfd|f] wf/0ffsf ;fy} a|XdnfO{
k/af6 b]lvg] b[li6sf]0f klg xf] . lg/fsf/nfO{ xfdL ;f]Rg ;Sb}gf}+“ t/ cfsf/ lbP/ ;u'0fnfO{ xfdL
;f]Rg ;S5f}+“ . a|Xd ha dg'iosf] dgaf6 x]l/G5 ta O{Zj/ aGb5 . of] O{Zj/ dg'iosf] lgdf{0f xf] .
JolQm hlt ljrf/nfO{ 5f8]/ lglj{rf/df hfG5 Tolt g} O{Zj/ klg x/fpF5 clg lg/fsf/ / lgu{'0f

nf]suLtf– 49
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dfq z]if /xG5, ToxL a|Xd xf] . s[i0fn] klxn] z'4 ;fª\Vosf] s'/f ug{'eof] t/ ch{'gnfO{ To;sf] s'g}
k|efj gk/]kl5 sd{of]usf af/]df atfpg tTk/ x'g'eof] . ;fª\Vo dg'iosf] pRrtd a'l4af6 rN5
t/ of]u ;fdfGo a'l4af6 klg rNg ;S5 . ;fª\Vo z'4 1fg xf] / of]u z'4 lqmof xf] . ;f/f ;+;f/sf]
lrGtgnfO{ oL b'O{ lx:;fdf afF8\g ;lsG5 . sd{k|lt cf:yfjfGf\x¿nfO{ of]u / s]xL gug]{ 1fgk|lt
cf:yfjfGf\x¿nfO{ ;fª\Vosf] sf]l6df /fVg ;lsG5 .
g]xfleqmdgfzf]˜l:t k|Tojfof] g ljBt] .
:jNkdKo:o wd{:o qfot] dxtf] eoft\ ..$)..
lgisfd sd{of]udf ;da'l4¿k wd{sf] cf/De / aLhsf] gfz x'bF }g, o;df pN6f] -kfk_ kmn klg
x'bF }g . o; dfu{df ul/Psf] wd{sf] ;fgf] k|of; -cg'i7fg_ n] klg eofgs 8/af6 p4f/ u5{ jf d'Qm
u/fOlbG5 ..
lgisfd sd{sf] s'g} klg sbd Joy{ x'Fb}g cyf{t\ ;fgf] k|of; klg v]/ hfFb}g / ;sfd sd{sf]
7'nf]eGbf 7'nf] sbd klg Joy{ g} hfG5 . ;sfd a'l4 ;bf c;kmn x'G5 . hlt kmn cfP klg ;sfd
sd{df JolQm ;Gt'i6 x'Fb}g a? emg\ a9L ck]Iff ub{5 . ck]Iffsf] s'g} ;Ldf jf cGt gePsfn] x/]s
;kmntfnfO{ klg p;n] c;kmntf 7fGb5 lsgeg] ToxfF ck]Iff hlt eP klg gk'Ug] x'G5 . h];'s}
kfP klg dg t[Kt x'Fb}g, ;Gtf]ifsf] cg'e"lt x'Fb}g . To;}n] ;sfd sd{ c;kmn x'g afWo 5 t/
lgisfd sd{sf] ;fgf]eGbf ;fgf] c+z klg lgikmn geP/ ;kmn g} x'G5 . lgisfd ePkl5 ck]Iff/lxt
x'g] ePsfn] h] kfP klg 7'nf] g} x'G5 / ;Gtf]if k|fKt x'G5 . ck]Iff cGtxLg / cgGt 5 . >Ls[i0f
cem hf]8 lb“b} eGg'x'G5– lgisfd sd{of]udf ;da'l4¿k wd{sf] cf/De / aLhsf] gfz x'Fb}g / pN6f]
kmn klg x'Fb}g . o; dfu{df ul/Psf] wd{sf] ;fgf] k|of;n] klg eofgs 8/af6 p4f/ jf d'Qm ub{5 .
x] ch'{g Û ck]Iff¿kL c;Dej k"lt{ x'g] ljifonfO{ x6fO{, rfxgf Pjd\ jf;gf/lxt x'g ;s] ;fgf]
sd{n] klg t[lKt lbG5 . lgisfdsdL{nfO{ slxNo} klg ljiffb k|fKt x'Fb}g . wgL JolQmsf ck]Iff w]/}
x'gfn] pm ljiffbnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 / ul/asf ck]Iff ;fgf jf yf]/} x'g] x'Fbf pm ljiffbdf sd k|fKt x'G5 .
ul/a cgGt ck]Iff ub}{g t/ wgLnfO{ hlt eP klg k'Ub}g .
cd]l/sg n]vs kfjn u'8d}g (Pawl Goodman) n] cd]l/sfsf ;DaGwdf n]v]sf 5g\–
dg'io hfltn] h] h] ck]Iff u/]sf lyP TfL ;a} cd]l/sfdf k"/f eO;s] t/ klg cd]l/sfdf hlt b'v,
tgfj of qf; 5 Tolt b'v, tgfj / qf; ljsf;z"Go cflbjf;Lx¿df klg 5}g . cfh klZrddf
;f/f ;kgf k"/f eP klg ck]Iff cgGt ePsfn] tgfj 36\g]eGbf cem a9]sf] a9\o} 5 . b''lgofFdf
lzlIft ju{sf JolQmx¿ ul/a Pjd\ clzlIft ju{eGbf Hofbf ck]Iff /fVb5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ zflGt
Pjd\ ;Gtf]ifsf] cg'e"lt x'g ufx|f] 5 . wgL–ul/a, lzlIft–clzlIft eGbf klg ck]Iffsf sf/0f
dfgjn] ;Gtf]ifsf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
>Ls[i0f slxNo} klg c;kmntf gNofpg] lgisfd sd{df hf]8 lbg'x'G5 . ck]Iff gePkl5 afwf
cfpg] k|Zg g} x'Fb}g . uËf ;d'›lt/ k|jflxt x'g] qmddf gS;f sf]/]/ aUg vf]h] cg]sf}+ afwf–
c8\rgx¿ t]l;{G5g\ t/ lgisfd efjn] aUbf ;d'›;Dd lgaf{w 9Ën] k'lU5g\ . uËfsf nflu h'g dfu{
cfkm}+ aG5 Tof] g} pgsf] af6f] xf] . dg'ion] sd{ ubf{ tTsfn kmnsf] cfzf g/fvL cl3 a9\of] eg]
p;sf] hLjgdf afwf cfpFb}g . h] k|fKt x'G5 To;df ;Gtf]if dfg]/ k/dfTdfnfO{ wGojfb lbG5 .
lgisfdsdL{x¿ ck]Iff/lxt x'g] ePsfn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;b}j kl/l:ylt cg's"n g} x'G5, ljljw qf;,
ljiffb, c;kmntf Pjd\ tgfjsf] 8/ x'Fb}g . lgisfdsdL{nfO{ kxf8h:tf] ljzfn eon] klg 5'b}g .
;fgf] sfdgfn] klg kxf8 hqf] eo / ljiffb Nofpg] x'Fbf hLjg c:tJo:t agfOlbG5 . ;fdfGo

nf]suLtf– 50
 cWofo–@
rfxgfn] klg b'v lgDTofpF5 . af6fdf lxF8\bf kl/lrtx¿n] gd:sf/ gubf{ klg xfdL b'vL x'G5f}+ .
;sfd sd{df ;fgf] ck]Iffn] klg 7'nf] b'v k|fKt x'G5 .
Joj;foflTdsf a'l4/]s]x s'?gGbg .
ax'zfvf XogGtfZr a'4of]˜Joj;flogfd\ ..$!..
x] s'?gGbg Û ;da'l4k|flKtsf ljifodf b[9 lgZro, b[9 k|lt1f ePsfsf] a'l4 Pp6} x'G5 / b[9
lgZro gePsf dg'iox¿sf] a'l4 cg]s zfvfx¿df ljeflht x'G5 ..
dg'iosf] dg jf lrQ cv08 jf v08–v08 x'g ;S5 . To:t} p;sf] a'l4 klg v08–v08df
ljeflht, :jlj/f]wL jf cljeflht klg x'g ;S5 . ;fwf/0ftof ljifon] el/Psf] dgsf] cj:yf ax'
lrQjfg\ x'G5 . ax'lrQ dfq xf]Og, Ps lrQsf ljk/Lt csf]{ lrQ klg x'g ;S5 . xfd|f] lrQ cfˆgf
nflu Pp6f / csf{sf nflu cs}{ x'G5 . clwsf+z ;do xfdL b'O{ dgsf x'G5f}+“ . aflx/L b'lgofFnfO{
b]vfpg OdfGfbf/L k|bz{g u5f“}{+ t/ leq xfdL a]Odfg x'G5f}+ . lrQ xfd|f] cg]sf}“ v08df ljeflht
x'gfn] ljk/Lt cfsfª\Iffn] xfd|f] dgnfO{ ;dfT5 . dg'ionfO{ zflGtsf ;fy} wg / k|lti7f klg
rflxG5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ljifodf cf;Qm lrQ Ps}k6s w]/} ljifox¿sf] ck]Iff u5{ / v08–v08df
6'6\5 t/ sNof0fdfu{df b[9 lgZro / b[9 k|lt1f ePsf lgisfdsdL{sf] a'l4 Pp6} x'G5 . hf] JolQm
ck]Iff/lxt eP/ lgisfd sd{ ub{5 p;sf] lrQ ljeflht x'Fb}g . hxfF dg vl08t x'Fb}g ToxfF ;'v,
zflGt, cfgGb, ;ËLt, ;f}Gbo{ / zlQm klg k|fKt x'G5 . dg vl08t ePdf zflGtsf] cg'e"lt ug{
;lsGg . dgn] zflGtsf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;s]df ;a} s'/f kfpg ;lsG5 . ljifosf] bf}8n] czflGt /
gbf}l8g] cvl08t dgn] zflGt NofpF5 . lgisfd sd{sf] efjbzfn] Ps dg cyf{t\ cvl08t dgsf]
ljsf; ub{5 / hxfF dg Ps x'G5 ToxfF lgZrofTds a'l4 x'G5 . clgZrosf nflu sd;]sd b'O{ dg
rflxG5 . ;sfd sd{n] cfˆg} dgsf lj?4 lgZro u5{ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] lgisfd
sd{sf] ofqfdf lgl:sG5 p;sf] a'l4 lgZrofTds x'G5 lsgeg] p;sf] dg ljifox¿df nfUb}g .
p;n] sfdgfsf] Joy{tfnfO{ a'‰b5 . o;/L sd{kmnsf] cfzf gug]{ JolQm If0fhLjL eP/ sd{ u5{ /
pm :jtM Ps dgsf] x'G5 .
oflddf+ k'liktf+ jfr+ k|jbGToljklZrtM .
j]bjfb/tfM kfy{ gfGob:tLlt jflbgM ..$@..
x] kfy{ Û j]bdf pNn]v cfnÍfl/s jrgx¿k|lt cf;Qm ePsf cNk1fgL dflg;x¿ ef]u jf
sd{sf08afx]s c¿ s]xL 5}g egL b]vfj6L jrg dfq eGb5g\ ..
sfdfTdfgM :ju{k/f hGdsd{kmnk|bfd\ .
lqmofljz]ifax'nf+ ef]u}Zjo{ult+ k|lt ..$#..
cJoj;foL dflg;x¿ hf] OlG›ot[lKt jf :ju{k|flKtsf lglDt OR5's 5g\ ltgLx¿ hGd, d[To'
Pjd\ ef]u, P]Zjo{ k|flKt u/fpg] w]/} ;sfd sd{x¿sf] j0f{g / To:t} sd{ ug]{ ub{5g\ ..
ef]u}Zjo{k|;Qmfgf+ tofkÅtr]t;fd\ .
Joj;foflTdsf a'l4M ;dfwf} g ljwLot] ..$$..
sd{sf08sf k'likt jrgsf sf/0fn] ef]u / P]Zjo{df cf;Qm ePsf dg'iox¿ h;sf]
cGt:s/0f ef]utkm{ lvlrPsf] 5, To:tf dg'iox¿sf] cGt:s/0fdf l:y/ a'l4 /xg ;Sb}g ..

nf]suLtf– 51
cWofo–@
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] kfy{ Û j]bdf plNnlvt cfnÍfl/s jrgx¿k|lt cf;Qm ePsf cNk1fgL
sd{sf08afx]s c¿ s]xL 5}g egL b]vfj6L jrg dfq eGb5g\ . hf] dg'io ;'v, sfdgf, ljifo–
jf;gfaf6 pTk|]l/t eP/ huTf\df ;a} s'/f :ju{ dfq b]V5g\, / o; ;+;f/df dfq xf]Og k/nf]sdf
klg ;'vsf] g} dfu ub{5g\, To:tf JolQm lgisfdsdL{ x'g ;Sb}gg\ . hf] JolQm s]xL kfpg] cfsfª\Iff
/fv]/ sd{ ub{5, p;n] sd{of]unfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . sd{of]usf] df}lns cfwf/ kmnsf] cfzf/lxt
sfdgf xf] . >Ls[i0f sd{ jf;gf/lxt Pjd\ sfdgf/lxt x'g'k5{ eGg'x'G5 . o;/L jf;gf /
sfdgf/lxt sd{ ubf{ sd{sf] pTk|]/0ff s;/L k|fKt x'G5 eGg] ;f]r x'g ;S5 . To;}n] klZrdsf
dgf]j}1flgs ljgf sfdgfsf] sd{ x'g ;Sb}g eG5g\ .
>Ls[i0f l7s ljk/Lt s'/f ug{'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– OlG›o t[lKtsf OR5's hGd–d[To' Pjd\
ef]u–P]Zjo{ k|fKt u/fpg] ;sfd sd{x¿ ub{5g\ . pxfFsf] egfO cg';f/ sd{ ha;Dd ;sfd x''G5
ta;Dd To:tf] sd{n] b'v / ljiffb dfq lbG5 . :ju{, ;'v cflbsf] rfxgf gi6 ePkl5 dfq sd{ z'4
x'G5 . z'4sd{nfO{ g} lgisfd sd{ of sd{of]u elgG5 . lgisfd sd{ of sd{of]u :jod\sf] d'lQm xf] .
lgisfd sd{of]uLnfO{ cGo s'g} df]Ifsf] h?/t kb}{g . s'g} klg b[Zo jf cb[Zo sd{ hxfF k|]/0ff,
rfxgf n's]sf] x'G5 Tof] lgisfd sd{ x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û sd{sf08sf
k'likt jrgsf sf/0fn] ef]u / P]Zjo{df cf;Qm ePsf tyf cGt:s/0f ef]utkm{ lvlrPsf
dg'iox¿sf] cGt:s/0fdf l:y/ a'l4 /xg ;Sb}g . t;y{ pgLx¿ ;sfd sd{ ub{5g\ .
csa/n] Ps lbg tfg;]gnfO{ pgsf] ;ËLt–snfsf] k|z+;f ubf{ tfg;]gn] cfˆgf u'?sf]
t'ngfdf cfkm" ;fdfGo /x]sf] atfP . csa/n] tfg;]gsf] u'¿;“u e]6\g vf]Hbf tfg;]gn] u'?nfO{
e]6\g u'¿ sxfF g} hfg'kg]{ atfPkl5 b'j}hgf od'gfsf] lsgf/df k'u] . u'? xl/bf;sf] ;ËLtn]
csa/nfO{ dGqd'Uw agfof] / cfgGbn] ljef]/ eP/ To; ;ª\uLtsf] wf/df klUnP/ aUg yfn] .
o;cl3 pgn] o:tf] ;ËLt slxNo} ;'g]sf lyPgg\ . u'?sf] h:tf] snf tfg;]gdf lsg gePsf] egL
pgnfO{ ;f]Wbf pgn] cfkm" s]xL kfpg] clenfiffn] ahfpg] / u'?n] k"0f{ lgisfd eP/ ahfpg] x'Fbf
cfˆgf] snf ;fwg dfq ePsf] / ;fWo gePsf] hjfkm lbP . tfg;]gn] u'?n] lgisfd efjn] ahfpg]
x'Fbf / k/dfTdf pxfFsf] k|f0fdf el/Psfn] ToxL snf u'?af6 wf/f k|jfx ¿kdf k|jflxt ePsf]
atfP . of] cl:tTjdf ;a} sfo{ lg:jfy{ efjn] eO/x]sf] 5 . h:tf] gbL lg:jfy{ efjn] clj/n
alu/x]sf] 5, km"n ;dodf km'ln/x]sf] 5, xfjf lg/Gt/ k|jflxt eO/x]sf] 5 / ;"o{n] lg/Gt/ k|sfz
Pjd\ tfk lbO/x]sf] 5 . dg'ionfO{ 5f]8]/ ;f/f huTf\sf] pmhf{ csf/0f cfgGbn] el/P/ lgisfd
k|jflxt eO/x]sf] 5 .
h'g lbg cfsfª\Iff / rfxgf/lxt x'Fb} s[To el/P/ aUg yfN5, To;} lbg lgisfd sd{ kmlnt
x'G5 . cfsfª\Iffo'Qm sfd ;sfd x'G5 / ha :jtM:km"t{ ¿kdf el/Psf] pmhf{ aUg yfN5 ta Tof]
s[To lgisfd x'G5 . ;sfd sd{ sd{of]u x'Fb}g, lgisfd sd{ dfq sd{of]u x'G5 . O{Zj/ kfpg]
clenfiffn] ehg ul/of] eg] Tof] s[To ;sfd x'G5 . sfdgfn] O{Zj/ k|fKt ug{ ;lsGg . s'g} klg
k|fy{gf jf ehg :jtM:km"t{ ¿kdf ufOof] eg] Tof] lgisfd xf] . s]xL kfpg] OR5fn] ul/Psf] s[To
kfkk"0f{ x'G5 . sfdgf/lxt z''4 s[To dfq lgisfd x'G5 . hd{g ljrf/s OdfGo'n sfG6 (Immanual
Kant) sf cg';f/ cfsfª\Iff/lxt st{Jo z'4 Pjd\ lgisfd xf] eg] cfsfª\Iffo'Qm st{Jo ;sfd Pjd\
kfk xf] . af6fdf lxF8\bf s'g} a6'jfsf] 5ftf v:bf p7fP/ lbPkl5 wGojfb cfcf];\ eGg]] rfxgf
/flvof] eg] Tof] ;sfd sd{ x'G5 / ck]Iff /flvPg eg] lgisfd sd{ x'G5 . k|]/0ff/lxt s[Toaf6
lgisfd sd{ kmlnt x'G5 . lgisfd sd{df rfxgf/lxt eP/ sd{ ug{' g} kof{Kt x'G5 . sd{af6

nf]suLtf– 52
 cWofo–@
sfdgf x6\g' sd{of]u xf] . o:tf] sd{ ;fwf/0f sd{ g/x]/ of]u aG5 . sd{ ha of]u aG5 ta kfk–
k'0o / aGwg–d'lQmaf6 JolQm kf/ x'G5 .
q}u'0oljifof j]bf lg:q}u'0of] ejfh{'g .
lgå{Gåf] lgTo;Œj:yf] lgof]{uIf]d cfTdjfg\ ..$%..
x] ch{'g Û j}lbs ;flxTodf ef}lts k|s[ltsf tLg u'0fsf ;DaGwdf j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . o;y{
ltdL oL lqu'0faf6 /lxt, of]uIf]d–nfe / ;'/Iffsf lrGtfaf6 d'Qm / lgTo ;Œjdf /x]/ cfTdfdf
l:yt xf]pm ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch'{g /fu / å]if, nfe–xfgL, of]uIf]d–;'/Iffaf6 d'Qm eO{ z"Go ag /
cfTdfdf l:yt xf]pm . /fu / å]ifdWo] Psdf x'g ;lhnf] 5 . wg;ª\u|x ug{' /fu / TofUg' lj/fu xf] .
oL b'O{df r'gfj ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 t/ o;af6 d'Qm x'g ufx|f] 5 . dgnfO{ /fu–lj/fu / nfe–xfgLsf]
r'gfj ug{ ;lhnf] 5 . /fu geP lj/fu / lj/fu geP /fu r'Gg ;lsG5 . ha dgn] s'g} r'gfj
ub}{g ta dg ;dfKt x'G5 . r'gfj ug'{ g} dgsf] cfwf/ xf] / r'gfj gug'{ g} dg ljgfsf] cj:yf
xf] . 5gf]6 g} åGå xf]≤ To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– r'gfj ubf{ 5gf]6 gul/Psf] j:t' blaP/ leq a:5 /
Ps ;dodf el/P/ lj:kmf]6 x'G5 To;}n] r'gfjaf6 åGå l;lh{G5 . r]tg / cr]tg larsf] åGådf
klg l7s o:t} x'G5 . qmf]w gug]{ k|lt1f r]tg dgn] u5{ / qmf]w cr]tg dgdf hDdf eP/ ba]/
a:5 . leq n8fOF x'Fbf cr]tg dgn] / aflx/ åGå x'Fbf r]tg dgn] lhT5 . dgf]j}1flgsx¿sf
cg';f/ olb dgnfO{ bz lx:;fdf afF8\of}F eg] gf} lx:;f cr]tg dg / Ps lx:;f r]tg dg x'G5 .
r]tgsf] eGbf gf} u'0ff a9L tfut cr]tg;Fu x'G5 . To;}n] JolQmn] grfxFbf grfxFb} /f]Sg g;s]/
qmf]w u5{ . xfd|f] cr]tg dgsf] lx:;f r]tg dgeGbf alnof] x'G5 . To;}n] xfdLn] rfx]sf] eGbf
grfx]sf] sfd dgn] u/fpF5 . oxL åGå dg'iosf] gs{ xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û k|s[ltsf tLg u'0faf6 /lxt ;fy} /fu–å]if, of]uIf]d nfe /
;'/Iffsf lrGtfaf6 d'Qm / lgTo ;Œjdf /x]/ cfTdfdf l:yt xf]pm . s[i0fsf ljrf/df /fu / å]if
larsf] åGåaf6 hf] d'Qm x'G5, p;}n] hLjgsf] k/d ;TonfO{ hfGb5 . hf] åGåsf] 3]/fdf /lx/xG5, pm
hLjgsf] gs{df afFRb5 . o:tf] åGå/lxt lgå{Gåtfdf lgisfd sd{ kmlnt x'G5 . /fu–å]if ePsf]
cj:yfdf r]tgf z'4 xF'b}g t/ r]tgf ha z"Go x'G5 ta dfq z'4 x'G5 . r]tgf bk{0f ePsfn] /fu /
lj/fusf] lrQ o;df kmlnt eO/xG5 . r]tgf z'4 ePkl5 dfq bk{0f z'4 x'G5 . r]tgf z"Go x'Fbf
r}tGo dfq afFsL /xG5 h'g a|Xd / d'lQmsf] cg'ej xf] . z'4 / a|Xd Pp6} cg'ejsf b'O{ lsgf/f
x'g\ . a|Xdsf] P]gfdf /x]sf tl:a/x¿sf] ;ª\u|x g} ;+;f/ xf] . xfd|f] lrQdf cgGt tl:a/x¿ 5g\ .
t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg''x'G5– r'gfj gu/L lgGå{Gå lrQ eO{, z"Go ag / Tof] If0fdf h] hflgG5 ToxL
hLjgsf] k/d ;To Pjd\ k/d 1fg xf] .
of]uIf]d cfTdjfg\ JolQm;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . xfdL slxNo} k|sfz b]Vb}gf}+ dfq k|sflzt j:t'
b]V5f}+ . k|sfz t xfd|f] cg'dfg dfq xf] . ha s'g} JolQm z"Go cj:yfdf k'U5, ta of]uIf]d k|s6
x'G5 . z"Go cj:yfdf k'u]sf] JolQmsf] cfTdl:ylt c¿n] b]Vb}gg\ . ha s'g} JolQm cfglGbt x'G5,
ta c¿n] p;leqsf] cfgGb b]Vb}gg\, cfgGbn] el/k"0f{ cj:yf dfq b]lvG5 . 1fgLhgsf] leqsf]
1fgsf] cj:yf b]lvFb}g t/ 1fgsf k|s6 ¿k eg] b]lvG5g\ . leq t cfTdfsf] z'4 cj:yf g} /xG5 /
of]uIf]d z'4tfsf] ¿kdf k|s6 x'G5 . sf]xL cfTdjfg\ x'g' leqL 36gf xf] eg] of]uIf]d aflx/L 36gf
xf]≤ To;}n] of] s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf k|s6 x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 53
cWofo–@
ljgf r'gfj åGåaf6 d''Qm ePdf JolQm zlQm;DkGg x'G5 . cxª\sf/n] zlQm;DkGg x'g' eg]sf]
bLgxLg x'g' xf] . h'g lbg JolQm cfˆgf] ;a} cxª\sf/ 5f]8]/ k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t x'G5, ta
k/dfTdfsf] ;Dk"0f{ zlQmaf6 pm kl/k"0f{ eP/ zlQm;DkGg x'G5 . cxª\sf/af6 d'Qm JolQmsf] zlQm
k/dfTdfsf] zlQmdf ;dflxt x'G5 Pjd\ p;sf ;a} sd{ k/dfTdfsf sd{ aG5g\ . kb–k|lti7fsf]
zlQm s';L{df a;'Gh]n;Dd x'G5 . s';L{af6 x6\g] lalQs} zlQm cGt x'G5 . >Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] zlQm
o:tf] pmhf{ xf] hf] kb;Fu geO{ k/dfTdfsf] zlQm;Fu hf]l8g';Fu ;DalGwt 5 . ha JolQm z"Go x'G5,
ta pm ;j{sf] pmhf{sf nflu 7fpF vfnL u5{ / ToxfF ;j{sf] zlQm k|j]z x'G5, clg pm ;jf]{Rr
zlQmzfnL aG5 . o:tf] zlQmaf6 lkmtf{ x'g'kb}{g, of] lr/:yfoL x'G5 . o:tf] zlQmzfnL JolQm
k/dfTdfsf] zlQm;Fu hf]l8+“bf ToxfF of]uIf]d kmlnt x'G5 .
ofjfgy{ pbkfg] ;j{tM ;DKn'tf]bs] .
tfjfG;j]{if' j]b]if' a|fXd0f:o ljhfgtM ..$^..
h;/L ;j{q 7'nf] hnfzo e]l6Pkl5 dg''ionfO{ ;–;fgf s'jfsf] hlt k|of]hg /xG5 Tolt g}
a|XdnfO{ tŒjn] a'‰g] a|Xd1fgLnfO{ j]bsf] k|of]hg /xG5 ..
;–;fgf gbL, kf]v/L, em/gf, Ogf/ cflbdf g'xfpFbf h'g cfgGb jf kljqtf k|fKt x'G5 Tof]
eGbf cg]sf}+ u'0ff a9L kljqtf, k'0o jf cfgGb ;fu/df 8'a'NsL dfbf{ k|fKt x'G5 . To:t} zAbx¿
klg zf:q jf jfª\dodf hlt kfOG5g\ To;eGbf cg]sf}+ u'0ff a9L 1fgsf] ;fu/df kfOG5g\ . j]b
nufot zf:qdf hlt zAb jf 1fg e]l6G5 To;eGbf cgGt u'0ff a9L 1fg a|Xd1fgLdf e]l6G5 .
To;}n] c;Lldttfdf k'u]kl5 ;Ldfdf cfl>t x'g' cfjZos 5}g . To:t} k/a|XdnfO{ hfg]kl5 j]bnfO{
5f]8\g'k/] klg lrGtf lng'kb}{g≤ lglZrGt eP/ 5f8\bf x'G5 lsgeg] j]bsf] p2]Zo g} 1fg k|fKt ug{' xf]
jf k/a|XdnfO{ hfGg' xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û h;/L ;j{q 7'nf] hnfzo e]l6Pkl5
dg'ionfO{ ;–;fgf s'jfFsf] hlt k|of]hg /xG5 Tolt g} a|XdnfO{ tŒjn] a'‰g] a|Xd1fgLnfO{ j]bsf]
/xG5 . ;Tosf nflu zAb 5f]8\g' cg'lrt xf]Og . cg'ejsf nflu zf:q 5f]8\g' ;j{yf plrt x'G5 .
h] oxfF kfOG5 To;eGbf cgGt u'0ff a9L 1fg / cg'ej a|Xd1fgLdf kfOG5 .
csf]{ s'/f– 1fgdf, ;fu/df / c;Lddf kfOg] lrh ;Lldtsf nflu 5f]8\g' pko'Qm x'Fb}g .
3/sf] wf/fdf ;fu/nfO{ s}b ug{' d"v{tf xf] . ;fu/nfO{ Ogf/df / 1fgnfO{ zf:qdf s}b ug{'x'Fb}g, of]
eofjx x'G5 . zf:q1fg ;Ldfdf afFlwPsf] x'G5 . zf:q c¿sf] 1fg xf] t/ :j–cflh{t 1fg jf
cg'e"lt eg] cfˆg} 1fg xf] . xfdL;Fu cf–cfˆgf wd{, ;Dk|bfo cg';f/sf zf:qx¿ 5g\ / ltgnfO{
cjnDag ub}{ Tof] c;Ld Pjd\ cyfx 1fg ;fu/nfO{ TofUbf eg] 7'nf] e"n x'G5 . To;}n] cf–cfˆgf
wd{, zf:q, cf:yfsf nflu 1fg 5f]8\g' eg]sf] e"n xf] / o:tf] JolQm cefuL xf] . h'g lrh zf:q,
wd{, ;Dk|bfo jf cf:yfdf kfOG5 To;eGbf cg]sf}+ u'0ff cfTd1fgdf kfOG5 . xfdL b'O{ zf:q jf b'O{
hfGg] JolQmx¿sf lardf t'ngf u5f}{+ . xfdL 1fg / zf:qsf lardf t'ngf ub}{gf}“ a? zf:qzf:q
lar t'ngf u5f}{+ . cg'ejljgf 1fg x'Fb}g, cg'ej t ;b}j :jod\sf] lghL x'G5 . c¿af6 ;'g]/ a'‰g'
zf:q 1fg xf] t/ cfˆg} :j–cflh{t cg'ej 1fg xf] .
zf:qsf] k'/ftg gfd >'lt -;'g]sf]_, :d[lt -:d/0f u/]sf]_ xf], cfkm}“n] hfg]sf] xf]Og . ;a}
zf:q >'lt–:d[lt x'g\, bz{g xf]Ogg\ t/ …;ToÚ bz{g xf] . zf:q pkof]uL x'g;S5 t/ To;df cGw
>4f ug{' /fd|f] xf]Og . zf:qaf6 c¿n] hfg]sf] s'/f d klg hfGg ;S5' eGg]] k|]/0ff k|fKt x'G5 t/
hfGg' t cfkm}“n] k5{ . 3/sf] wf/f jf Ogf/ cfkm}“n] agfPsf] x'G5 t/ ;fu/ :jlgld{t xf] / ;fu/;Dd

nf]suLtf– 54
 cWofo–@
cfkm}“ k'Ug'k5{ . zf:q Ogf/ jf wf/f xf] h;df ;fu/sf] emns dfq x'G5 t/ …1fgÚ d'Qm ;Ldf/lxt
;fu/ xf] .
sd{0o]jflwsf/:t] df kmn]if' sbfrg .
df sd{kmnx]t'e{"df{ t] ;Ëf]˜:Tjsd{l0f ..$&..
x] ch{'g Û ltdLnfO{ st{Jo sd{ ug]{ dfq clwsf/ 5 . sd{sf] kmn kfpg], gkfpg] s'/f ltd|f]
cwLgdf 5}g . ltdL cfkm"nfO{ sd{sf] kmnsf] sf/0f klg gdfg / slxNo} st{Joaf6 ljd'v klg gag ..
sd{of]usf] cfwf/ eg]sf] g} sd{kmndf geO{ sd{df dfq xfd|f] clwsf/ 5 eGg] xf] . xfdLnfO{
sd{ ug]{ :jtGqtf 5, t/ sd{kmndf xfd|f] :jtGqtf 5}g lsgeg] sd{ JolQmaf6 x'G5 / kmn
;dli6af6 dfq k|fKt x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ sd{ ug]{ clwsf/ 5 lsgeg] Tof] xfd|f] xftdf ePsfn] ;DkGg
ug{ ;S5f}“ . kmnsf] clwsf/ ;dli6sf] xftdf 5, xfdL;Fu 5}g t/ xfdL kmnsf] cfzf /fv]/ dfq
sd{ u5f}{+ . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g ltdLnfO{ st{Jo sd{ ug]{ dfq clwsf/ 5 . sd{sf] kmn
ltd|f] cwLgdf 5}g . ltdL cfk"mnfO{ sd{sf] kmnsf] sf/0f gdfg / st{Josd{af6 ljd'v klg gag .
xfdL sd{ cfh u5f}{+ t/ ef]ln xfdL oxLF /xg] 5f}“ eGg]] s'g} lglZrttf 5}g . xfdL PsIf0f klg oxLF
x'G5f}+ eGg]] kSsf 5}g . kmn tTsfn k|fKt x'Fb}g / kmnsf nflu eljiodf k|tLIff ug{'k5{ . xfdLnfO{
ef]ln laxfg ;"o{ pbfpF5 g} eGg] klg kSsf 5}g . Ps lbg t xfdLn] ;"of{:tnfO{ clGtd dfGg'kg]{
lbg klg cfpg ;S5 . j}1flgsx¿n] klg of] ;"o{ ca rf/ xhf/ jif{df c:t x'G5 eGg]] eljiojf0fL
u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] xfd|f] hLjgsf] s'g} e/f];f 5}g h'g s'g} klg If0f c:t x'g ;S5 .
sd{ ;b}j clxn] / oxfF jt{dfgdf 5 t/ kmn ;bf ef]ln of eljiodf 5 . eljiosf nflu
cfzf /fVg' eg]sf] lg/fzf dfq kfpg' xf] . To;}n] h'g xfd|f] jzdf 5, xfdL ToxL u/f}+“ . sd{kmn
k|e'sf] xftdf 5f]l8lbg' g} a'l4dfgL x'G5 . kmnsf] cfsfª\Iffdf xfd|f] dg olt ;+nUg x'G5 ls xfd|f]
;Dk"0f{ r]tgf / pmhf{ kmnsf] k|flKtdf g} hfG5, h;sf sf/0f xfdL sd{ klg /fd|/L ug{ ;Sb}gf“}+ .
h;n] hlt kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff /fVof], Tolt g} kmn k|fKt x'Fb}g . hlt kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff g/fvL sd{
u¥of] Tolt g} kmn k|fKt x'G5 . lh;; eGg'x'G5– h;n] hf]ufpF5 To;;“+u vf]l;g] 5 / h;n] afF8\5,
To;nfO{ g} ;a} s'/f lbOg] 5 . h;n] cfkm"nfO{ k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t u5{ To;n] g} ;a} s'/f kfpF5 /
h;n] cfkm"df g} kfpg] OR5f /fV5 To;n] s]xL klg kfpFb}g . To;}n] lgisfd sd{åf/f g} kmn
kfOG5 . kmnft'/ x'g' eg]sf] kmn k|fKt gx'g] ;Defjgf xf] . kmnsf] cf;lQm 5f]8\g] JolQmsf af/]df
k/dfTdfn] lrGtf u5{ . olb >4fo'Qm lrQn] kmn kfpFb}g eg] k/dfTdf g} 5}g eg]/ dfg] x'G5 .
kmnsf] cfzf /fVg' eg]sf] czl'4 / gfl:tstf xf] . kmnft'/ lrQ cz'l4n] el/Psf] x'G5 . >4fo'Qm
JolQmsf] sd{ k"0f{ x'G5 . ha sd{ k"0f{ x'G5, ta kmn kfpg] s'/fdf lglZrttf x'G5 .
b'of]{wgn] ›f}kbLnfO{ gª\Uofpg x/;Dej k|of; u/] klg ›f}kbL gUg eOgg\ lsgeg] s'g} klg
:qL :jod\n] grfx];Dd gUg x'g] ;Defjgf x'Fb}g . b'of]{wgn] ›f}kbLnfO{ gUg agfpg vf]h], Tof] pgsf]
P]lR5s sd{ lyof] / pgnfO{ gUg agfpg vf]Hg] OR5fsf] kmn eg] b'of]{wgsf] xftdf geP/
k/dfTdfsf] xftdf lyof] . To;}n] b'of]{wgn] b|f}kbLnfO{ gUg agfpg ;s]gg\ . sd{ b'of]{wgsf] xftdf
eP klg kmn O{Zj/sf] xftdf lyof] . dg'io t kmnsf] clt–cfzfn] sd{ u5{ t/ of] cfzfn] lg/fzf
dfq hGdfpF5 . sd{ xfd|f] xftdf ePsfn] sd{ u/]/ kmnsf] cfzf TofUg'k5{ . kmnsf] cfzf 5f]8\g]
JolQmsf] cfzf k"/f ug{ huTf\sf] ;f/f pmhf{ Ps x'G5 . dfu ug{' huTf\sf] pmhf{ ljk/Lt x'g' xf] .
To;}n] sd{ ug{' sd{of]uLsf] clwsf/ xf], kmn kfpg' k/dfTdfsf] k|;fb xf] .

nf]suLtf– 55
cWofo–@
of]u:yM s'? sdf{l0f ;Ë+ ToSTjf wg~ho .
l;4Øl;4Øf]M ;df] e"Tjf ;dTj+ of]u pRot] ..$*..
x] wg~ho Û ltdL cf;lQmnfO{ Tofu]/ / l;l4 / cl;l4df ;dfg a'l4jfnf eP/ of]udf l:yt
ePsf] st{Jo sd{ u/, ;dTjnfO{ g} of]u elgG5 ..
;dtf g} of]u xf] / ;Gt'ng b'O{ larsf] ;defj xf] . >Ls[i0f ch'{gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– x]
wg~ho Û cf;lQmnfO{ Tofu]/ l;l4 / cl;l4df 5gf]6 gu/L ;dfg j'l4jfnf eP/ of]udf l:yt
ePsf] st{Jo sd{ u/, ;dTjnfO{ g} of]u elgG5 . dgn] ;b}j /fd|f] / c;n 5gf]6 u5{ h'g dg
kb}{g To;nfO{ Tofu u5{ . t/ >Ls[i0f 5gf]6 g} gu/ eGg'x'G5 . b'j} j:t'sf ljz]iftf ;dfg 5g\
eg]/ hfg]kl5 r'gfj g} x'g ;Sb}g . ;dtf p;nfO{ k|fKt x'G5 hf] lardf /xG5 . xf];df r'gfj
gu/L ;defjdf pknAw x'g' g} of]u / Wofg xf] . >Ls[i0f h'g ;dtfsf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 Tof]
;r]tgf ;dtfsf] xf] . xf];k"0f{ cj:yfdf ;d x'g' eg]sf] g} ;dtf xf] . b'O{ åGåaf6 lgå{Gå x'g] r'gfj
klg ;dtf xf]Og . of] klg r'gfj xf] / o; l:yltdf k'gM åGå x'G5 . lgå{Gåtf r'gfj/lxt ;dodf
dfq 3l6t x'G5 . åGåk|lt hfUg' g} ;dtfdf k'Ug] cj:yf xf] . ;kmntf–ljkmntf 36\5g\ / x/fpF5g\
t/ oL b'j} d xf]Og eg]/ hfGg'k5{ . To:t} lbg–/ft cfpF5 / hfG5 t/ d oL b'j}eGbf k[ys\ 5' eGg]]
af]wn] åGåsf] cj:yfaf6 lgå{Gådf k'¥ofpF5 / o; cj:yfdf ;dtf pknAw x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– ltdL l;l4–cl;l4x¿nfO{ 5f]8 / ;dtfdf pknAw xf]pm . ltdL wd{–cwd{, ;kmntf–
c;kmntf, /fd|f]–g/fd|f]sf] 5gf]6 gu/ . s] x'G5 s] x'Gg, tL ;a} 5f]8 . ltdL cfkm"df l:yt xf]pm,
hfu / ;dtfdf k|j]z u/ lsgeg] ;dtf g} of]u xf] .
b"/]0f Xoj/+ sd{ a'l4of]uf4g~ho .
a'4f} z/0fdlGjR5 s[k0ffM kmnx]tjM ..$(..
x] wg~ho Û ;dtf¿k a'l4of]ueGbf ;sfd sd{ lgs[i6 x'G5 . ctM ltdL ;da'l4df g} /Iffsf]
pkfo vf]h cyf{t\ ;defjdf /x]/ a'l4of]usf] z/0fdf hfpm lsgeg] sd{kmnsf] OR5f jf sfdgf /fVg]
JolQm s[k0f / bLg x'g\ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] wg~ho Û ;dtf¿k a'l4of]ueGbf ;sfd sd{ lgs[i6 x'G5 . ctM åGå
5f]8]/ :jod\ / a'l4of]unfO{ vf]h . JolQmsf] klxnf] kl/ro g} a'l4 xf] . :joDf\sf] åf/ a'l4 xf] / o;
åf/df k|j]z gu/Lsg sf]xL klg cfTdjfg\ / 1fgjfg\ x'g ;Sb}g . xfdL a'l4n] sd{sf] r'gfj u5{
egL 7fG5f“}+ . a'l4sf] åf/ xfdL aflx/ hfg dfq pkof]u u5f“}{ leq hfg pkof]u ub}{gf}+“ . ch{'g klg
a'l4sf] pkof]u aflx/sf nflu ub}{ 5g\ / s] u/]df l7s / s] u/]df a]l7s x'G5 eg]/ ;f]Wb} 5g\ .
t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL a'l4of]usf] z/0fdf hfpm lsgeg] sd{kmnsf] OR5f jf sfdgf /fVg]
JolQm s[k0f / bLgxLg x'g\ . t'R5 a'l4 ePsf s[k0f JolQmx¿ cfˆgf] sd{sf] kmn ef]Ug rfxG5g\ /
o; aGwgdf cem a9L km:b5g\ . t/ ch{'g alxh{ut\ / kmnsf nflu a'l4sf] pkof]u ub}{5g\ t/
pgL leq k|j]z ug{ eg] a'l4sf] k|of]u ul//x]sf 5}gg\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{sf] ;DaGwdf dfq a'l4sf] pkof]u ug{' lgs[i6tf xf], Jojxf/sf nflu
dfq a'l4sf] pkof]u ug{' a'l4sf] Go"gtd pkof]u xf] . dgf]j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– >]i7 dg'iox¿ klg
cfˆgf] a'l4sf] kGw| k|ltzt eGbf a9L pkof]u ub}{gg\ . ;fwf/0fhg b'O{ k|ltzt hlt dfq a''l4sf]
pkof]u u5{g\ . dg'iosf] c7f/ jif{kl5 a'l4sf] ljsf; xF'b}g≤ To;kl5 hLjg rnfpg] cg'ej dfq
/xG5 . låtLo ljZjo'4df cd]l/sfn] ;}lgsx¿sf] a'l4 k/LIf0f u¥of] . cf};t a'l4 t]x| jif{eGbf a9L
s;}sf] klg kfOPg . To;}n] sd{sf nflu a'l4sf] pkof]u lgs[i6td pkof]u xf] . s[i0fsf] a'l4of]usf]
nf]suLtf– 56
 cWofo–@
tfTko{ h'g lbg xfdL xfd|f] a'l4sf] k|of]u cfkm"nfO{ hfGgsf nflu / :jod\sf] kl/rosf nflu u5f}{+
Tof] a'l4sf] clwstd pkof]u xf] / of] a'l4of]u xf] . a'l4sf] k|of]u leq ug{' ;xL cy{df o;sf]
pkof]u ug{' xf] . To;}n] t pxfF eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL a'l4of]usf nflu pknAw xf]pm, :jod\
hfGgsf nflu a'l4 pkof]u u/ / To;nfO{ hfg hf] ;a} hfGg]jfnfnfO{ klg hfGb5 . ;a} b]Vg]jfnf
›i6fnfO{ hfg, ;a} 3l6t 36gfx¿nfO{ r'gfj gu/L ;fIfLnfO{ hfg ta ltdL ;dtfdf pknAw
ePkl5 lglZrGt x'g]5f} .
a'l4o'Qmf] hxftLx pe] ;'s[tb'is[t] .
t:dfBf]ufo o'Ho:j of]uM sd{;' sf}znd\ ..%)..
;fª\Voa'l4o'Qm JolQmn] g} kfk–k'0o, /fd|f–g/fd|f b'j} kmnnfO{ hLljt cj:yfdf g} TofUb5
cyf{t\ To;af6 d'Qm x'G5 . t;y{ sd{aGwgaf6 5'6\g ;da'l4sf nflu tNnLg xf]pm . of] a'l4¿k of]u g}
sd{sf] s'zntf xf] ..
;fª\Voof]u a'em]sf] JolQm kfk–k'0oaf6 d'Qm x'G5 / sd{sf] s'zntf k|fKt u5{ h;nfO{ of]u
elgG5 . h'g lbg JolQm cfˆgf] a'l4sf] pkof]u cGt/ofqfsf nflu u5{, ToxL ;do pm ;fª\VonfO{
k|fKt u5{ . :jod\df l:yt x'g] a'l4nfO{ >Ls[i0f ;fª\Voa'l4 eGg'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– ;fª\Vo
a'l4o'Qm JolQmn] g} kfk–k'0o, /fd|f–g/fd|f b'a} kmnnfO{ TofUg ;S5 . t;y{ sd{ aGwgaf6 5'6\g
;da'l4df tNnLg xf]pm . 1fgdf ;fª\Vo ;jf]{Ts[i6 lgi7f xf] . Pp6f 1fg h;af6 xfdL 1]o -j:t'_
nfO{ hfGb5f“}+ / csf]{ 1fg h;af6 xfdL 1ftfnfO{ hfGb5f}+“ . Pp6f 1fgaf6 xfdL j:t'sf af/]df
hfGb5f}F / csf]{ 1fgaf6 xfdL lgoGqs jf stf{ -hfGg]jfnf_ nfO{ hfGb5f}“+ . Pp6f 1fg lj1fg ag]/
j:t'sf af/]df hfGb5 / csf]{ 1fg ;fª\Vo dxflj1fg jf k/d r}tGo zlQmsf af/]df hfGb5 . a6f]{g
/;]n (Bertrand Russel) n] klg 1fgnfO{ b'O{ efudf afF8]sf 5Gf\– Pp6f Knowledge / csf]{
Acquaintance . oLdWo] Pp6f kl/ro / csf]{ 1fg xf] . aflx/af6 hfGg'' kl/ro xf], 1fg xf]Og .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– c¿nfO{ xf]Og, :jod\nfO{ hfGg] 1fg ;fª\Vo1fg xf] . ;fª\Vo 1fgn]
leqaf6 xfdL h] 5f} / xfd|f] :jefj h:tf] 5 To;nfO{ hfGg ;S5f“} . To;}n] 1fgsf] cy{ cfTd1fg
xf] . lj1fg 1fg xf]Og of] t j:t'sf] hfgsf/L dfq xf] . lj1fg ljlzi6 1fg xf] eg] cfTd1fg dfq
s]jn 1fg xf] . ;fª\Vosf] cy{ Tof] 1fg xf] h;n] ;a} hfGg]nfO{ klg hfGb5 . cfTd1fg geP;Dd
To;nfO{ hfGg ;lsGg . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cfTdfnfO{ hfGg]lalQs} ;a} hfGb5f}+ . ha cfkm"nfO{
hfGb5f}+“, ta of]usd{sf] s'zntf aG5 / ;a} aGwgaf6 5'6\sf/f kfOG5 . a'l4¿k of]u g} sd{sf]
s'zntf xf] lsgeg] JolQmn] ;fª\Vo hfg]kl5 leq zfGt x'G5, p;leq s'g} c;Gt'ng / d[To';d]t
g/x]/ pm ;dtfdf pknAw x'G5 . To:tf] JolQmsf] sfo{df s'zntf :jtM x'G5 . leq olb ;fª\Voa'l4
5 eg] h] u/] klg /fd|f] / ;kmn eP/ cd[t al;{G5 . leqsf] zflGt g} aflx/sf] s'zntf xf] .
sd{h+ a'l4o'Qmf lx kmn+ ToSTjf dgLlif0fM .
hGdaGwljlgd{'QmfM kb+ uR5GTogfdod\ ..%!..
a'l4of]uo'Qm 1fgLhg hf] ;f+;fl/s sd{sf k|ltkmnaf6 d'Qm x'G5g\ / o;/L ltgLx¿ hGd–
d[To'sf] aGwgaf6 d'Qm eP/ cd[tdo k/d kb k|fKt u5{g\ ..
1fgof]u lgi7fdf k|fKt x'g] JolQm åGå/lxt x'G5 . dfg–ckdfg, ho–k/fho, ;'v–b'v h:tf
åGådf ge'nL ;dTj efjdf /Xof] eg] hGd / d[To'af6 d'Qm eP/ k/dkbdf k'luG5 . cfTdfsf] hGd–
d[To' x'Fb}g, t/ klg c1fgtfsf sf/0fn] JolQm s] ;f]R5 eg] hGd / d[To'sf] rqmaf6 kf/ x'g' 5 .

nf]suLtf– 57
cWofo–@
hGd–d[To'df gafFlwPsf] eP klg c1fgtfsf sf/0f pm cfkm"nfO{ afFlwPsf] 7fG5 . t/ ;fª\Von]
eG5– cl:tTjdf sxLF klg q'l6 5}g, q'l6 t s]jn xfd|f] a'l4df 5 . xfdLnfO{ hGd–d[To' x'G5 eGg]]
nfU5 t/ of] c;To xf] . xfdLn] hfGg] ;Gbe{df ljljw e'n ug{ ;S5f“}+, a'emfOdf sdhf]/L x'g;S5
t/ cl:tTjut e'n ePsf] eP hfg]/ a'em]/ x6fpg ;lsFb}g . hGd / d[To' cfTdfsf] x'Fb}g, s]jn
xfdL e|djz o;nfO{ ;To 7flg/x]5f“}+ . xfdL s;}n] klg cfkm" d/]sf] cg'ej u/]sf 5}gf“}+, s]jn c¿
d/]sf] b]v]/ cg'dfg dfq ul//x]sf 5f“}+ . xfdLnfO{ cfˆgf] hGdsf af/]df klg yfxf 5}g . xfdLnfO{
hLjgsf s'g} klg 36gfsf] hfgsf/L 5}g, s]jn csf{n] l;sfPsf] jf zf:q 3f]s]sf] cfwf/df dfq
a'em]sf 5f}+, cg'ej u/]/ hfg]sf 5}gf}+“ .
hGdaf6 u'lh|P/ ha xfdL o;sf af/]df yfxf kfpg ;Sb}gf“} eg] d[To'sf af/]df yfxf kfpg
;Sg] t cj:yf g} x'Fb}g . klxnf] 36gf c¿ s;}n] atfPsf] cfwf/df hfg]sf 5f“}+ eg] kl5Nnf] 36gf
cyf{t\ d[To'sf] klg cg'dfg dfq ug{ ;S5f}+“ . ;fª\Von] eG5, Psk6s hGdsf af/]df /fd|/L 1fg
xfl;n u¥of“}+ jf hGd–d[To' af/]sf] oyfy{ 1fg yfxf kfof}+ eg] xfdLleq df}nfPsf] åGå of hGd–
d[To'sf] e|d tTsfn x6\5 . o; k|sf/sf] e|flGt a'l4of]uaf6 dfq x6\g ;S5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– h;n] ;fª\Voof]u a'‰b5 To;n] hGd–d[To'¿kL rqm jf e|flGtaf6 5'6\sf/f kfpF5 /
k/dkbdf k'Ub5 . Tof] k/dkb aflx/ xf]Og leq 5 . of] cfGtl/stfsf] cGTo / r]tgfsf] clGtd
;To xf] .
obf t] df]xslnn+ a'l4Jo{lttl/iolt .
tbf uGtfl; lgj]{b+ >f]tJo:o >'t:o r ..%@..
x] ch{'g Û ha ltdL df]x¿kL 3gf hËnnfO{ kf/ u5f}{, ta klxNo} ;'lg;lsPsf / ;'Gg'kg]{ of]
nf]s / k/nf]s cyf{t\ ;Dk"0f{ ;f+;fl/s ef]uaf6 j}/fUodf k|fKt x'g]5f} ..
df]x¿kL hËnaf6 ha a'l4 hfUb5, ta j}/fUo k|fKt x'G5 . dflg;leq /x]sf] cGwsf/ k|sfz
kfPkl5 x6\5 t/ Tof] cFWof/f];Fu wd{sf] s'g} ;DaGw x'Fb}g . wd{sf dfWodaf6 cGwsf/ x6fpg' t
dg'iosf] r]tgfdf 5fPsf] jf 9flsPsf] cGwsf/¿kL c1fg x6fpg' elgPsf] xf] . Pp6f csf]{
cGwsf/ 5 h;n] cfTdfnfO{ rf/}lt/af6 3]/]sf] 5 / of] 3]/fO jf kbf{nfO{ g} >Ls[i0f df]x¿kL
sflndf -3gf hËn_ eGg'x'G5 . cGwsf/sf] nIf0f hxfF s]xL klg b]lvFb}g / gb]lvPsf] x'Fbf dfu{ klg
yfxf x'Fb}g . ha cGwsf/df s]xL klg b]lvFb}g, ta cGo j:t';Fu xfdL 7f]lsg k'U5f}+“ . cGwsf/ eg]sf]
xfd|f] b[li6 jf r]tgf x/fpg' xf] . df]xdf klg o:t} x'G5, o:tf] df]xnfO{ cGwsf/ elgG5 . df]xdf klg
cGwsf/df af6f] of uGtJo yfxf gkfP em}+ x'G5 . df]xsf] cGwf]kg cfWoflTds cGwf]kg of c1fgtf
xf] .
s'g} Ps JolQmsf] 3/df cfuf] nfUbf pm cfˆgf] ;f/f ;DklQ hNg nfUof] eg]/ 5ftL lk6]/
b'vL x'Fb} lrRofpF5 . cfuf] blGs/x]sf] 5 / lgefpg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . To;} If0fdf s'g} JolQm cfP/
ltd|f] 5f]/fn] of] 3/ a]lr;s]sf] 5 eg]/ va/ ug]{lalQs} 3/ hln/x] klg pm lrRofpg / lrGtf ug{
5f8\5 t/ 3/ eg] clxn] klg hln g} /x]sf] 5 . ca dgsf] cj:yf km]l/P/ cfF;' aUg 5f]8\5 . cfF;'
d]/f] eGg]] efjsf sf/0f au]sf] lyof] hNg'sf] sf/0fn] xf]Og . s]xL If0fkl5 p;sf] 5f]/f] cfP/ 3/
a]Rg] s'/f eP klg k]:sL glnPsfn] ca laqmL x'g] s'/} cfpFb}g eg]kl5 pm k'gM ?g s/fpg yfN5 .
df]x cyf{t\ d]/f] 3/ eGg]] efj k'gM hfU5 . o; huTf\df df]xn] g} ;Gtfk lbP/ e8\sfpF5, lu/fpF5 /
;'vL jf b'vL agfpF5 . hLjgsf] b'v g} df]x xf] . a'4n] o;nfO{ t[i0ff eGg'ePsf] 5 .

nf]suLtf– 58
 cWofo–@
df]xdf ;a} s'/f ljk/Lt x'g yfN5 . d]/L kTgL, d]/f klt, xfd|f 5f]/f5f]/L, afa'cfdf, wd{,
u|Gy, dlGb/, dl:hb, rr{ oL ;a} d]/f]sf] hfnf] rf/}lt/ km}lnG5 . of] hf] d]/f]sf] lj:tf/ xf], ToxL
df]xsf] hfnf] jf cGwsf/ xf] . df]xdf afFRg] JolQm cGwsf/df afFR5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf]
df]xsf] gzfaf6 d'Qm x'G5 Tof] j}/fUodf k|fKt x'G5 cyf{t\ cf;lQm/lxt x'G5 .
xfd|f] j}/fUosf] dfGotf /fusf] ljk/Lt xf] t/ >Ls[i0f o;nfO{ j}/fUo dfGg'x'Gg . xfd|f] a'l4df
d]/f] 3/ eGg]] efj /fu xf] / d]/f] 3/ xf]Og egL hfGg' j}/fUo xf] t/ d]/f] xf] jf xf]Og eGg]] s'/f t
Pp6} s'/fsf b'O{ lsgf/f dfq x'g\ . j}/fUosf] cy{ g /fu g t lj/fu g} xf] . /fu tyf lj/fu cyjf
d]/f] xf] jf xf]Og eGg]] b'j} efj gePsf] cj:yf j}/fUo xf] . df]xsf] cGwsf/ gePsf] cj:yf j}/fUo
xf] . o;df cfsif{0f / ljsif{0f b'j} xF'b}g ;fy} kIf / ljkIf klg x''Fb}g s]jn ;defj /xG5 . o:tf]
cj:yfdf l:y/ x'g ;s] j}/fUo k|fKt x'G5 . xfd|f] dg g} åGå xf] . xfdLn] agfPsf] efiff åGåfTds 5
/ ljk/Ltsf cfwf/df zAb aG5 / To;sf] kl/efiff x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu s;}n] cFWof/f] s] xf]
eg]/ ;f]Wof] eg] k|sfzsf] cefj eGg]] hjfkm cfpF5 . l7s pN6f] k|sfzsf] kl/efiff cFWof/f]sf] cefj
xf] . xfdLnfO{ k|sfz / cGwsf/sf af/]df yfxf 5}g, To;}n] JolQmsf] kl/efiff e|dfTTds / ck"0f{ 5 .
/fusf] pN6f] lj/fu xf] t/ t];|f] cj:yf /fu–lj/fuaf6 kf/ x'g' jLt/fu xf] . xfdLn] agfPsf]
zAb s]jn pN6f] dfq aG5 . t];|f] cj:yf ;To xf] hf] zAbdf JoQm ug{ ;lsGg . To:t} j}/fUosf]
cy{ /fu / lj/fusf] åGåaf6 kf/ ePsf] cj:yf xf] . hxfF g s'g} cfsif{0f x'G5 g ljsif{0f g} x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– df]xsf] lgzf 5'6]kl5 dfq j}/fUo kmlnt x'G5 . cdf]x df]xsf] lgzfaf6 5'6\g'
xf]Og . df]x dgdf 5, cdf]x hufP/ jf efu]/ hfg' df]xsf] lgzf 5'6\g' xf]Og . cdf]x t df]xsf]
cGwsf/ leqaf6 x6\g' xf] . d]/f] eGg]] efj g} df]xsf] lgzf xf] . h'g;'s} s'/f klg d]/f] eGg]] lalQs}
xfdL df]xdf g} x'G5f“}+ . d]/f] wd{, d]/f eujfg\ klg df]x g} xf] . eujfg\ d]/f]kg 5f]8]/ kfOG5 t/ xfdL
eujfGf\nfO{ klg d]/f] cGwsf/df /fV5f}+ . of] df]xaf6 efUg] xf]Og, hfUg' k5{ . ;GGof;L Tof] xf]Og hf]
3/ 5f8]/ efU5, ;GGof;L t Tof] xf] h;sf] cGt:s/0fdf 3/ agfpg] tŒj ;dfKt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– df]xsf] lgzf ;dfKt eP/ h;sf] a'l4n] j}/fUo k|fKt u5{ To;}n] g} df]If k|fKt u5{ .
>'ltljk|ltkGgf t] obf :yf:olt lgZrnf .
;dfwfjrnf a'l4:tbf of]udjfK:ol; ..%#..
ch{'gnfO{ ;DemfpFb} >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ha ltd|f] dg j]bsf cfnÍfl/s zAbaf6 ljrlnt geO{
cfTd–;fIffTsf/df Psfu| eP/ crn / l:y/ /xg] 5, ta ltdLn] lbJo r]tgf cyf{t\ of]unfO{ k|fKt
ug]{ 5f} / k/dfTdf;Fu lgTo ;+of]u x'g] 5 ..
>Ls[i0f ch'{gnfO{ ;Demfpb} eGg'x'G5– ha ltd|f] dg j]bsf cfnÍfl/s zAbaf6 ljrlnt geO{
cfTd–;fIffTsf/df Psfu| eP/ crn / b[9 /xg] 5, ta ltdL lbJo r]tgf cyf{t\ of]unfO{ k|fKt ug]{
5f}F . >Ls[i0fn] eGg' ePsf] b[9tf leqsf] lrQnfO{ bafP/ xf]Og, leqsf] sDkg jf eonfO{ x6fP/
k|fKt x'g] b[9tf xf] . s[i0fn] eg]sf] b[9tf /f]unfO{ bafP/ cfpg] h:tf] b[9tf xf]Og, a? /f]usf]
cefjdf cfpg] b[9tf xf] . hxfF xLgtfnfO{ x6fP/ jf bafP/ >]i7tf k|blz{t x'G5, ToxfF leq ;bf
sDkg /xG5 / ;b}j cfkm"nfO{ l;4 ug]{ k|of; x'G5 . o:tf dflg; ;Gb]xn] el/Psf x'G5g\ . hf]
c;lGbUw 5g\ pgLx¿ cfkm"nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ k|of;df x'Fb}gg\ . pgLx¿sf] b[9tf :jtM k|dfl0ft
x'G5 . b]vfpg} kb}{g . To;}n] pklgifb\df elgPsf] 5– hf] cfkm"nfO{ 1fgL 7fG5g\ jf:tjdf
ltgLx¿nfO{ 1fgsf] s'g} hfgsf/L g} 5}g . c1fgL huTf\df el8\sG5 t/ 1fgL eg] dxfcGwsf/df
el8\sG5 . s[i0fsf] b[9tf ljk/Ltdf plePsf] b[9tf xf]Og sDkg/lxt, l:y/ lrQn] o'Qm b[9tf xf] .

nf]suLtf– 59
cWofo–@
ha lrQ /fu / lj/fu;Fu, a'l4 r'gfj;Fu / dg ljifox¿ lar sDkg x'g 5f]8]/ csDk x'G5 ta
b[9tf pknAw x'G5 . ha dg OR5fnfO{ 5f]8]/ OR5fsf] cefjdf k|fKt x'G5, ta b[9tf pknAw x'G5 .
o:tf] l:yltdf hLjgdf pknlAw k|fKt x'G5 / lrQ b[9 x'G5 .
a'l4 lgZrn / w}o{jfg\ x'Fb}g, 5fn xlNnPsf] h:tf] sDkgo'Qm x'G5 . lbof]sf] aQL xfjfn]
xlNnPsf] h:tf] a'l4 cl:y/ x'G5 . cfkm"nfO{ axfb'/ ;Demg] JolQm klg cl:y/ a'l4n] ubf{ eoeLt
x'G5g\ .
cl:6«ofsf dgf]lrlsT;s cnk|m]8 P8n/ (Alfred Adler) n] dflg;sf] dgsf] vf]h lgs}
u/]sf 5g\ . JolQm hf] aflx/ h:tf] b]lvG5 jf b]vfpF5, cGto{df pm l7s ljk/Lt :jefjsf] x'G5 .
k|foM ;a} /fhgLlt1x¿ cGto{df xLgtfsf] efjaf6 u|:t x'G5g\ t/ klg zlQmsf] cf8df d s]xL xF'
eg]/ l;4 ug{ vf]H5g\ . P8n/n] g} eg]sf 5g\– dxfg\ ;ËLtsf/x¿ sfg sd ;'G5g\ / /fd|f
lrqsf/x¿sf] cfFvf sdhf]/ x'G5 . s';L{df a:bf n]lggsf] v'§fn] e'OF 5'Fb}gYf] lsgeg] pgsf v'§f
z/L/sf t'ngfdf 5f]6f lyP . ToxL xLgtfsf sf/0f pgL ;+;f/s} ;aeGbf 7'nf] / eJo s';L{df a:g
;kmn eP . P8n/ eG5g\– n]lggsf] v'§f ;fgf] ePsf] xLgtfefjsf sf/0f pgL dxŒjfsfª\IfL ag]sf
x'g\ . Ifltk"lt{:j¿k s]xL ag]/ b]vfpgsf nflu cfkm"leq sdhf]/ ePsfn] g} pgn] aflx/af6 b[9tf
b]vfPsf x'g\ .
v':r]e (N. Khrushchev) n] cfˆgf] ;+:d/0fdf n]v]sf 5g\– :6flng (Joseph Stalin)
h;nfO{ kmnfdn] ag]sf] eg]/ pkdf lbOPsf] 5, pgL klg 8/kf]s JolQm lyP . pgL vfgf vfg klg
c¿n] rfv]/ lbPkl5 dfq vfGy] . lx6n/ / :6flng b'j}n] cfˆgf] cg'xf/;Fu ldNg] csf]{ JolQm
k|lt¿k (Duplicate) /fv]sf lyP . ltg} k|lt?k aflx/L ;ef ;df/f]xdf efu lnGy] / ;Ddfg u|x0f
uy]{ . o; wtL{df :6flng / lx6n/;Fu h:tf] zlQmzfnL ;'/Iff Joj:yf s;};Fu klg lyPg xf]nf t/
klg pgLx¿ ;b}j eoeLt /xGy] .
ch{'g pjfr
l:ytk|1:o sf efiff ;dflw:y:o s]zj .
l:ytwLM ls+ k|efif]t lsdf;Lt j|h]t lsd\ ..%$..
ch{'gn] ;f]w]– x] s]zj Û ;dflwdf l:yt k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt u/]sf] l:y/ a'l4sf] k'?ifsf] nIf0f
s] xf] < tL l:ytk|1 k'?if s;/L / s] af]N5g\ < s;/L a:b5g\ / sxfF hfG5g\ of s;/L lxF8\5g\ <
ch{'g s[i0fsf] lgs6df /x]/ klxnf]k6s cfˆgf] k'/fgf] ¿ksf] k|ZgeGbf leGg k|Zg ;f]Wb} 5g\ .
ch{'gsf] k|Zgn] pgL >Ls[i0fdf klxnf]k6s k|lji6 ePh:tf] nfU5 . pgL ;f]Wb5g\– l:ytk|1 s;nfO{
elgG5, Tof] sf] xf] h;sf] 1fgHof]lt / k|1f l:y/ ePsf] 5 . Tof] sf] xf] h;sf] r]tgfsf] lbof]
sDkg/lxt ePsf] 5, p;sf] efiff s:tf] x'G5, pm s;/L af]N5, sxfF hfG5 / s;/L a:5, p;sf]
Jojxf/ s:tf] x'G5 / r]tgf l:y/ x'g' eg]sf] s] xf] eGg] pgsf] k|Zg 5 . of] t cfGtl/s Pjd\ lghL
cg'ej xf] h'g cfkm}+dfly 3l6t ePkl5 dfq yfxf x'G5 . o; cl3;Dd ch{'gsf k|Zgx¿ /f]uu|:t
lrQsf k|Zg lyP . klxnf]k6s pgn] u'Xo k|Zg ;f]lw/x]sf 5g\ . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f ch'{gsf] k|Zg
;'g]/ k'nlst x'g'eof] . o; cl3sf k|Zgx¿sf dfWodaf6 ch{'g s[i0fsf] df]x / ;fGTjgf rfxGy] t/
ca eg] ch{'gsf] jf:tljs lh1f;f k|f/De ePsf] 5 . ;a} wd{, gLlt, ug{of]Uo sd{ / ug{ cof]Uo
sd{ ;a} pgnfO{ yfxf 5 eGg] e|d lyof] . pgL s]jn s[i0fnfO{ ;fIfL /fVg dfq rfxGy] . pgsf]
lrQdf sDkg lyof] t/ cxª\sf/n] ubf{ cfkm" hflGbgF klg eGg ;ls/x]sf lyPgg\ .

nf]suLtf– 60
 cWofo–@
klxnf]k6s ch{'g ljgLt ePsf 5g\ . hxfF ljgd|tf x'G5 ToxfF lh1f;f / 1fgsf] åf/ v'Ng]
;Defjgf klg x'G5 . c/aLdf Pp6f egfO 5– k/dfTdfn] dflg; hGd lng' l7s cl3 JolQmnfO{
wSsf lb+b} eG5g\– ltdLeGbf /fd|f] JolQm clxn];Dd d}n] l;h]{sf] 5}g . of] egfO k/dfTdfn] ue{df
cfpg] hlt ;a}sf sfgdf eG5g\ . ch{'gnfO{ klg d 1fgL Pjd\ hfGg] 5' eGg]] e|d lyof] . To;}n] t
o;cl3sf pgsf k|Zgx¿ ;txL vfnsf lyP . t/ ca pgL ljgd|tfk"j{s pRr k|Zg ;f]Wb} 5g\ .
k|1f l:y/ ePsf] JolQm s:tf] x'G5 eGg] pgsf] lh1f;f ljgd|tfn] el/Psf] 5 .
l:ytk|1sf] hLjg ;xh Pjd\ :jtM:km"t{ x'G5 / hLjgdf st} s'g} wf/0ff afFlwPsf] x'Fb}g .
p;sf] hLjg uËfh:tf] bf}l8Psf] :jtGq x'G5 . p;sf] aflx/L 9fFrf :jtGq eP klg leq ulx/f]
cg'zf;g / hLjGt wf/f x'G5 . b'O{ l:ytk|1sf] aflx/L 9fFrf cnu eP klg leqsf] wf/f Pp6},
;xh, :jtM:km"t{ / hLjGt x'G5 . Psk6s dxfjL/ / a'4 b'O{ l:ytk|1 Pp6} wd{zfnfdf a:g'eof] .
oBlk pxfFx¿n] Ps csf{nfO{ e]6\g'ePg lsgeg] pxfFx¿leq s;n] s;nfO{ e]6\g] eGg] s'g} cxª\sf/
g} z]if lyPg / s'g} bfaL klg lyPg . e]6\gnfO{ klg cxª\sf/ rflxG5 t/ hxfF cxª\sf/ / rfxgf g}
z]if x'Fb}g, ToxfF e]6\g'sf] s'g} k|of]hg klg x'Fb}g .
>Ls[i0fsf] 9fFrf hLjGt 5 / of] k|ltkn abln/x]sf] 5 . pxfF Ps} s'/fdf /f]lsg'x'Gg /
k|ltkn hLjGt x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] pxfF knkn s}of}+“ cnu–cnu e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .
l:ytk|1sf] hLjg ;+j]bgzLntfn] afXo ¿kdf k|ltkn kl/jt{g eO/x] klg leq eg] Pp6f uxg
cg'zf;g x'G5 .
>Leujfg'jfr
k|hxflt obf sfdfG;jf{Gkfy{ dgf]utfg\ .
cfTdGo]jfTdgf t'i6M l:ytk|1:tbf]Rot] ..%%..
eujfg\ eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ha dflg;n] dfgl;s lrGtgaf6 OlG›ot'li6sf nflu p7\g] ;a}
lsl;dsf cfsfª\IffnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf TofUb5, ta p;sf] dgn] cfˆg} cfTdfdf k/d ;Gt'li6 e]6\g
yfNb5 clg dfq To:tf] JolQmnfO{ kfjg tyf lbJo r]tgfdf cjl:yt -l:ytk|1_ elgG5 ..
x/]s :j¿kaf6 ;Gt'i6 x'g' l:ytk|1sf] klxnf] kl/ro xf] . xfdL k|foM hLjg;“+u leqL of
aflx/L ¿kn] c;Gt'i6 /xG5f}F / PSnf]kgn] xfdLnfO{ lk/f]ln/xG5 . t;y{ xfdL s]xL g s]xL pks/0f
-lstfa, 6]lnlehg, kmf]g_ sf] ;fy rfxG5fF} . xfdL c;Gt'i6 x'G5fF} t/ ;Gt'li6sf] e|ddf /xG5f}F .
xfdL ;Gt'i6 /xg ljifoj:t' kl/jt{g ul//xG5f}F t/ klg ;Gt'i6 x'g ;Sb}gf}F .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ef/t Û ha JolQmn] OlG›ot'li6sf nflu pTkGg x'g] ;a}
cfsfª\Iffx¿nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf TofUb5 ta p;sf] dgn] cfˆgf] cfTdfdf k/d ;Gt'li6 kfpg yfNb5,
o:tf] JolQmnfO{ kfjg tyf lbJo r]tgfdf cjl:yt cyf{t\ l:ytk|1 elgG5 . csf{df ;'v vf]Hg' g}
k|1fsf] cl:y/tf xf] . :jod\df ;'v vf]Hg' jf ;Gtf]if x'g' k|1fsf] l:y/tf xf] . :jod\df ;Gt'li6
To;n] kfpF5, h;nfO{ c¿af6 jf c¿df ;Gtf]if kfOFb}g eGg]] yfxf 5 . ha;Dd o;af6 ;'v
kfOPg, csf]{af6 kfOG5 ls eGg]] e|d x'G5, ta;Dd k|1f cl:y/ of eoeLt x'G5 . t/ JolQm
cfkm"nfO{ wf]sf lbg l;kfn' ePsfn] hlt wf]sf kfP klg pm gofF s'/fsf] vf]hLdf nflu/xG5 .
ha;Dd lrQn] cGoq ;'v kfOG5 eGg]] ;f]R5, ta;Dd pm cfkm";Fu c;Gt'i6 /xG5 / p;sf] lrQ
klg l:y/ x'Fb}g . ha dgn] ;'v cGoq kfOFb}g eg]/ hfGb5 / cfZj:t x'G5, ta r]tgf klg l:y/
x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ha cfkm"leq g} ;'v 5 eg]/ hfGb5f}, ta k|1fsf] l:y/tf k|fKt
x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 61
cWofo–@
b'Mv]ijg'låUgdgfM ;'v]if' ljut:k[xM .
jLt/fueoqmf]wM l:ytwLd{'lg?Rot] ..%^..
tLg k|sf/sf b'vx¿–cfWoflTds, cflwef}lts / cflwb}ljs tfkx¿n] ;tfpFbf klg h;sf] dg
ljrlnt x'bF }g, ef}lts ;'vdf x'bF f h;sf] dg k'nlst x'bF }g / hf] eo–qmf]w / cf;lQmaf6 d'Qm 5
To;}nfO{ l:ytk|1 ;Gt elgG5 ..
r~rn dgaf6 kf/ eO{ k|1f l:y/ ePsf] JolQmsf] nIf0f s:tf] x'G5 eg]/ ch{'g hfGg
rfxG5g\ . pgsf] lh1f;fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– b'vdf hf] JolQm ljrlnt x'Fb}g /
;'vdf cf;Qm x'Fb}g Pjd\ ;'vsf] cfsfª\Iff /fVb}g To:tf] dflg;sf] a'l4 l:yt ePsf] dflgG5 . ;'v
/ b'v t Ps l;Ssfsf b'O{ kf6fh:t} x'g\ . b'vsf] rfxgf s;}df xF'b}g, ;a} ;'vsf] sNkgfdf /dfpg
rfxG5g\ . b'v;'vsf] cf8df cfpF5 . b'v ;'vsf] g} 5fof xf] / cem ulxl/P/ x]g]{ xf] eg] h;n] ;'vL
ePsf] b]vfpF5 pm leq eg] b'vL g} x'G5 . ;'v b]vfj6L xf] eg] b'v jf:tljs xf] . of] df5f
dfg{sf nflu p;nfO{ nf]Eofpg aN5Ldf df;' /fv] h:t} xf] . ha df5f df;'sf] uGwdf nf]leP/
aN5L glhs cfpF5, ta pm aN5Ldf k/]/ dfl/G5 . To:t} aflx/af6 ;'v b]lvP klg jf:tjdf b'v g}
cfOnfU5 .
jf:tjdf ;'v dfUg' klg plåUg aGg' xf] . ;'v klg k|Llts/ pQ]hgf xf] . ;'vdf klg dg
l:y/ /xFb}g . cgfof; 7'nf] ;'v k|fKt eof] eg] dflg; Tof] ;'v ;xg ug{ ;Sb}g . b'v ;xg ug{
;xh 5 t/ cltzo ;'v ;xg ug{ clt sl7g x'G5 . b'v ;xg ubf{ ;'vsf] cfzf x'G5 t/ ;'vdf
To:tf] s'g} cfzf x'Fb}g . ;'vsf] cf3ft ulx/f] / tLj| eof] eg] ;xg ug{ sl7g x'G5 . oL b'j} Ps
csf{df ablng ;S5g\ . To;}n] t ulx/f] u/L ljrf/ ubf{ ;'v–b'v b'j} Ps} x'g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
tLg k|sf/sf b'Mvx¿– cfWoflTds, cflwef}lts / cflwb}ljs tfkn] ;tfp“bf / b'Mvdf klg h;sf]
dg ljrlnt x'Fb}g / ;'vsf] rfxgf /fVb}g, h;df qmf]w / eo x'Fb}g Tof] JolQm l:ytk|1 xf] . qmf]w /
eonfO{ bafPsf] JolQm xf]Og a? qmf]w / eo gePsf] JolQm ;dflw:y xf] . o;nfO{ bafpg] k|of;
ul/of] eg] emg\ Tof] JolQm qmf]wL / eou|:t x'G5 .
Ps hgf qmf]wL JolQm ;fw' eP/ qmf]w Pjd\ eodfly ljho k|fKt u/]sf] eGg]] 7'nf] rrf{
rNof] . pgsf ldqn] ;fw'sf] k/LIf0f ug{ rfx] . Ps lbg laxfg} pgL ;fw'sf] 3/df e]6\g uP . ;fw'
cfuf] tflk/x]sf lyP . ToxfF Hjfnf geP/ v/fgL dfq afFsL eP h:tf] b]lvGYof] . pgn] ;fw'nfO{
;f]Wf]– æafafhL Û cfuf] afFsL 5 ls v/fgL dfq .Æ ;fw'n] l/;fP/ æcfuf] b]Vb}gf} eg]/ hjfkm lbP .Æ
ldqn] k'gM oxfF t s]jn v/fgL dfq kf] b]lvG5 eGg]] lalQs} ;fw' c;fWo} l/;fP/ cfuf] b]Vb}gf} egL
lrD6fn] lxsf{pg vf]Hf] . ;fw'sf] qmf]lwt cj:yf b]v]/ ldqn] cfufsf] t d':nf] kf] /x]5 eg] . cfuf]sf]
cy{ qmf]w xf] / v/fgL dflyaf6 ul/Psf] bdg xf] . qmf]wnfO{ bafP/ bAb}g a? ;fw'sf] qmf]w h:tf]
;"Id tnaf6 d':nf] eP/ lg:sG5 . qmf]w;Fu n8\g] JolQm qmf]wnfO{ leq bafpg ;S5, eo;Fu n8\g]
JolQm lge{o x'g ;S5 t/ ceo x'g ;Sb}g . ceosf] cy{ eosf] cefj xf] .
leqL k|lt:kwf{sf] nIf0f qmf]w / eo xf] . qmf]w / eon] JolQm leq :j:y 5}g eGg]] yfxf
kfOG5 . qmf]w gx'Fbf leqsf] lrQ :j:y x'G5 . To;}n] qmf]w / eo;Fu n8\g] xf]Og, lognfO{
›i6fefjn] x]/]/ lrQnfO{ qmf]w / eoaf6 d'Qm agfpg'kg]{ x'G5 . bafpFbf leqsf] nIf0f yfxf x'Fbg}
a? gofF åf/ vf]Hb} cem zlQmzfnL eP/ lg:sG5 . o;nfO{ bafP/ ;dflw:y x'g ;lsGg . qmf]wnfO{
hfg]/ o;af6 d'Qm x'g'k5{ . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– plåUg geO{ ;'vsf] k|lt:kwf{af6 6f9f /x]/
cfsfª\Iff/lxt x'Fb} qmf]wnfO{ zfGt u/]/ eoaf6 gsfFKg] JolQm g} ;dflw:y x'G5 . k|1f l:y/ ePsf]

nf]suLtf– 62
 cWofo–@
JolQmnfO{ klg si6sf] hfgsf/L x'G5 . si6 tYo xf] / b'v cg'dfg xf] . l:ytk|1nfO{ c¿sf] eGbf
hfgsf/L a9L g} x'G5 lsgeg] p;sf] ;+j]bgf emg\ z'4 x'G5 . o:tf dflg; k"/f ;do cEo:t
x'G5g\ . To;}n] t si6 eof] eg] c¿nfO{ eGbf a9L x'G5 . t/ v'§fdf jf z/L/sf] s'g} efudf ePsf]
si6 dnfO{ ePsf] xf]Og, z/L/nfO{ ePsf] xf] eGg]] efj p;df x'G5 . si6df d ;+nUg ePkl5
b'vsf] cg'ej x'G5 .
oM ;j{qfgle:g]x:tQTk|fKo z'efz'ed\ .
gflegGblt g å]li6 t:o k|1f k|ltli7tf ..%&..
o; ef}lts hut\df h;n] z'e of cz'e s'/f k|fKt ubf{ To;sf] k|z+;f of 3[0ff ub}{g To:tf]
JolQmnfO{ g} k"0f{ 1fgdf cjl:yt dflgG5 / o:tf] r]tgfn] dflg;nfO{ lbJotfsf] l:yltdf k'¥ofpF5 ..
obf ;+x/t] rfo+ s"df]{˜ËfgLj ;j{zM .
OlGb|of0fLlGb|ofy]{Eo:t:o k|1f k|ltli7tf ..%*..
h;/L s5'jfn] cfˆgf cËx¿nfO{ v'DRofP/ cfkm“}+leq ;d]6\5 To;/L g} h;n] cfˆgf
OlG›ox¿nfO{ /fu, å]if, jf;gf cflb ltgsf ljifox¿af6 lvFRb5, ToxL JolQm g} k"0f{ r]tgfdf crn
dflgG5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cg's"ntf–k|lts"ntf, /fu–b]if, xif{–ljiffb, ;kmntf–c;kmntfdf h;n]
lje]b ub}{g / Ps;dfg /xG5 To:tf] JolQmsf] k|1f l:yt x'G5 o:tf] r]tgfn] dflg;nfO{ lbJotfsf]
l:yltdf k'¥ofpF5 . s5'jfn] h;/L cfˆgf] cËnfO{ ;dodf ;d]6\g ;S5 jf hfGb5 To;/L g} 1fgL
k'?ifx¿ cfˆgf] OlG›onfO{ ;d]6\g hfGb5g\ . Pp6f afXo OlG›o hf] z/L/df ;Lldt 5, csf]{ leqL
OlGb|o hf] OlGb|os} cfTdf xf] . cfFvfn] s'g} lrh b]Vb5 eg] afXo ¿kdf dfq b]Vb5 . cfFvfleqsf]
OlG›osf] jf;gf¿k hf] leq x'G5, p;sf] /; OR5fsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k cfFvfn] afXo j:t'nfO{ b]Vb5 .
aflx/ /; lng] jf;gfo'Qm OlG›oeGbf leqsf] OlG›osf] k|f0f g} jf:tjdf OlG›o xf] . OlG›onfO{
cfkm}+“df ;dflxt ug{' jf ;d]6\g'sf] cy{ cfFvf, xft, uf]8f, hgg]lG›o cflbdf Iflt k'¥ofpg' eGg]]
xf]Og . clwsf+z ;fw'x¿n] o; ;"qsf] unt JofVof u/]/ cfFvf kmf]8\g], xft, uf]8f sf6\g] h:tf sfd
u/] . dWoo'uLg o'/f]kdf t sltkon] hgg]lG›o g} sf6] . :qLx¿sf] :tg ;d]t sf6]/ OlG›onfO{
jzdf Nofpg] b'ik|of; u/] t/ OlG›o lgolGqt ePg . ha;Dd leqL /; afFsL /xG5, ta;Dd afXo
pks/0fnfO{ rf]6 k'¥ofpFb}df s]xL x'Fb}g . hgg]lG›o¿kL pks/0f sf6\bf jf cfFvf kmf]8\b}df jf;gf
hfFb}g, s]jn OlG›osf] cleJolQmsf] dfWod dfq sfl6G5, jf;gf t emg\ tLj| x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;/L s5'jfn] cfˆgf cËx¿nfO{ v'DRofP/ cfk}Fmleq ;d]6\b5 To;/L g}
l:ytk|1 JolQmn] jf;gf¿kL hf] leqL OlG›osf] /; 5 To;nfO{ ;d]6\b5 . leqsf] /; g} g/x]kl5
afXo OlG›o pks/0f cyf{t\ lgjf{;gfo'Qm Jojxf/sf nflu dfq /xG5g\ . To;a]nf cfFvfn] h] cufl8
cfpF5 To;nfO{ x]5{ dfq cfkm"n] s]xL x]g]{ OR5f ub}{g . OlG›o Jojxf/sf] dfWod dfq x'G5 .
cfFvf¿kL jf;gfn] el/Psf] cj:yfdf dfOt uPsL cfˆgL kTgLnfO{ e]6\g t'n;Lbf; ;;'/fnL
hfg'eof] . /ftL hfg] qmddf af6fdf gbL tg{ vf]Hbf aUb} cfPsf] nf;nfO{ sf7sf] d'9f] 7fgL To;}df
r9]/ tg{'eof] . kTgLsf] sf]7fdf r9\g] qmddf kTgLn] cfˆgf] dg;fonfO{ a'em]/ 8f]/L v;fn]sL xf]lng\
eGg]] ;f]r]/ em'lG8/x]sf] ;k{nfO{ ;dft]/ kTgLsf] sf]7fdf k|j]z ug{'eof] . of] cj:yf cfFvf jf;gfn]
u|:t ePsf] cj:yf xf] hxfF cfFvfn] b]Vg] sfdeGbf leqsf] jf;gfnfO{ k"/f ug{ ;xof]u dfq u5{ .
jf;gfu|:t cfFvf cGwf] x'G5, h] x]g{ rfxG5 ToxL dfq b]V5 .

nf]suLtf– 63
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l:ytk|1n] ljifox¿df jf;gfnfO{ cf/f]lkt ub}{g s]jn /;ljxLg cfFvfn] x]g]{ sfd dfq
ub{5 . s[i0fsf] egfO cg';f/ of] cGt;\ OlG›onfO{ ;d]6\g' xf] . afXo OlG›onfO{ t dflg;n] ;d]6\g'
g} kb}{g, Tof] t k/dfTdfsf] j/bfg xf] . leqL OlG›o ;d]l6Pkl5 afXo t :jtM lgolGqt x'G5 .
h;/L s5'jfn] afXo OlG›o cfkm"df g} ;dflxt u5{ jf ;d]6\5, To;}u/L dflg;n] leqL OlG›onfO{
;d]6\g] s'/f >Ls[i0fn] ug{'ePsf] xf] . /ftL cfFvf aGb eP klg ;kgf b]lvG5 . cfFvf kmf]8] klg
leqsf] /; slxNo} klg d]l6Fb}g . xfd|f] leqL OlG›osf sf/0f afXo OlG›o klg k|efljt x'G5 .
sfdjf;gfsf] ;kgf b]Vg]lalQs} hgg]lG›o k|efljt x'G5 .
a'4 Ps lbg k|jrg lb+b} x'g'x'GYof] . cgfof; Ps hgfnfO{ x]b}{ pxfFn] ltdLn] v'§f lsg
xNnfPsf] egL ;f]Wg'eof] . p;sf] v'§f xlNng crfgs aGb eof] / p;n] cfkm"nfO{ s'g} yfxf
gePsf] hjfkm kmsf{of] t/ a'4n] eGg'eof]– ltdLnfO{ yfxf x'g] lalQs} of] xlNng aGb x'G5 . To;}n]
xf];k"0f{ ag . leqL OlG›osf] cGt/sDkg af]w x'g] lalQs} zfGt x'G5 . leq sfdjf;gf hfu]/ Tof]
sfds]G›df uP/ k|efljt x''Fbf s]jn To;nfO{ af]wk"j{s x]l//Xof] eg] Tof] lt/f]lxt jf zfGt x'G5,
s]xL ug}{ kb}{g . To:t} qmf]w ;'? x''Fbf klg afXo OlG›odf k'Ug] a]nfdf To;nfO{ x]/L dfq /Xof] s]xL
u/]g eg] Tof] cfkm}+ ;d]l6G5 . leqsf OlG›ox¿ olt ;ªs'rgzLn / ;+j]bgzLn 5g\ ls
ltgLx¿k|lt af]wk"j{s xf];\ /fVg] lalQs} TfL v'lDrg / lgolGqt x'g yfN5g\ . o:tf] l:yltnfO{
;dflw:y cj:yf elgG5 .
ljifof ljlgjt{Gt] lg/fxf/:o b]lxgM .
/;jh{+ /;f]˜Ko:o k/+ b[i6\jf lgjt{t] ..%(..
b]xwf/L hLjx¿ OlG›oef]uaf6 d'Qm eP klg pgLx¿df ljifok|ltsf] jf;gf eg] /lx/xG5, t/
To;eGbf pTs[i6 /; rfVg kfP eg] pgLx¿sf] ljifoef]uk|ltsf] cle?lr :jtM ;dfKt x'G5 / pgLx¿
lbJo r]tgfdf l:y/ /xG5g\ ..
b]xfledfgL tk:jL / b]xfledfgL ef]uL b'j}sf] s]G› z/L/ g} xf] . logLx¿ b'j} z/L/af6 ;'v
k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]] 7fGb5g\ . ef]uL z/L/af6 ljifox¿;Fu k'Ug] k|of; ub{5 eg] TofuL z/L/af6
ljifox¿;Fu 5'6\g] k|of; ub{5 . oL b'j}sf] cfwf/ z/L/ g} xf] . b]xfledfgL ef]uL ha :ju{sf]
ef]uaf6 klg c3fpF5 ta z/L/nfO{ ;tfP/ Tofu u5{ cyf{t\ pm z/L/¿kL OlG›ox¿nfO{ dfb{5 .
o:tf] JolQmn] ljifox¿nfO{ 5f]8\g ;S5 t/ /;af6 d'Qm x'Fb}g . cfFvf kmf]8\bf b]lvg] ljifo t
;lsG5 t/ /; ;lsFb}g . /; / ljifosf larsf] k'n OlG›o xf] . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
b]xfledfgL TofuLsf] ljifo t 5'6\5 t/ /; ;lsFb}g . To;eGbf pTs[i6 /; rfVg kfP ljifoef]u
k|ltsf] cle?lr :jtM ;dfKt eP/ pgLx¿ lbJo r]tgfdf l:y/ x'G5g\ . jf:tljs ¿kdf /; g}
dxŒjk"0f{ xf] . 7'nf] 3/sf] cy{eGbf 7'nf] 3/ agfpg] leqL rfxgfsf] cy{ x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
dgf]j}1flgs ¿kdf b]xfledfgL tk:jL s]jn ljifoaf6 dfq lgj[Q x'G5≤ pm /;–/fuaf6 lgj[Q x'Fb}g,
o:tf] JolQmsf] r]i6fdf sdL x'Fb}g s]jn lbzfdf dfq uNtL x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . ;f/f ljifo aflx/af6
5'6\5 t/ ;f/f /; leq afFsL /xG5 . o;af6 t ljlIfKttf dfq k|fKt x'G5 . ;dflw:y JolQmsf] eg]
ljifo xf]Og /; g} 5'6\5 . /;n] ljifo lgdf{0f ug]{ x'Fbf h'g lbg /; 5'6\5, ljifo s]jn j:t' dfq
/xG5 . ;dflw:y JolQm /;nfO{ g} 5f]8\b5 / To;nfO{ 5f]8\bf ljifosf] Tofu :jtM x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fn] g[To ubf{, afF;'/L ahfpFbf jf uf]lkgLx¿;Fu g[To ubf{ JolQmx¿nfO{ pxfF klg xfdL
h:t} xf] ls eGg]] nfUg ;S5 . t/ h;sf] /; leqaf6 g} x6]sf] 5, h;df /fu klg lgj[Q eO;s]sf]
5 p;nfO{ g s]xL TofUg' 5, g kqmg' 5, g ljifox¿af6 lgj[Q x'g' g} 5 . s[i0f h;n] j[Gbfjgdf

nf]suLtf– 64
 cWofo–@
afNofj:yf u'hfg{'eof], hxfF Uff]kfn / uf]lkgLx¿;Fu ;do latfpg'eof], nLnf ug{'eof], Tof]
j[GbfjgnfO{ 5f]8]kl5 ToxfF kms]{/ klg cfpg'ePg . jf;gfu|:t lrQ ePsf] eP 5f]8\g ;Dej x'g]
lyPg . /;leq gePsf] s[i0f h:tf] JolQmnfO{ dfq of] nLnf ug{ ;Dej 5 . s[i0f l7s pN6f]
x'g'x'G5, hf] 6f9f 5 To;nfO{ xf]Og / hf] glhs 5 To;nfO{ ofb ug{'x'G5 . pxfF hxfF x'g'x'G5 k"0f{
¿kn] x'g'x'G5 . pxfF /;/fu d'Qm x'g'x'G5 . o; tYonfO{ ga'‰bf s[i0fsf af/]df cg]sg c8\snafhL
/ e|dx¿ ePsf 5g\ . >Ls[i0fdf /fud'Qm r]tgf k"0f{ ¿kdf kmlnt 5 .
ottf] Xolk sf}Gt]o k'?if:o ljklZrtM .
OlGb|ofl0f k|dfyLlg x/lGt k|;e+ dgM ..^)..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] sf}Gt]o Û cf;lQmsf] gfz gePsf] x'gfn] OlG›onfO{ lgoGq0f ug{
k|oTgzLn ljj]sL k'?ifx¿sf] dgnfO{ klg pQ]lht OlG›ox¿n] ank"j{s x/0f ul/lbG5g\ ..
tflg ;jf{l0f ;+oDo o'Qm cf;Lt dTk/M .
jz] lx o:o]lGb|ofl0f t:o k|1f k|ltli7tf ..^!..
To;}n] ;fwsn] tL ;a} OlG›ox¿nfO{ jzdf /fvL ;dflxt lrQj[lQsf ;fy d]/f] k/fo0f eP/
Wofgdf a:g'k5{ lsgeg] h'g k'?ifsf] OlG›o jzdf x'G5 p;}sf] a'l4 l:y/ x'G5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– OlG›ox¿n] dg'ionfO{ ljifox¿lt/ lvR5g\ / ;fwsnfO{ klg tn
emfl/lbG5g\ . OlG›ox¿ :jtGq / zlQmzfnL 5}gg\ t/ klg dflg;x¿nfO{ tn emfg{ ;S5g\ . oL
OlG›ox¿ oflGqs k|lqmofsf ¿kdf sfd ub{5g\ . xfdLn] hGd]b]lv OlG›ox¿;Fu agfPsf] tfbfTDosf
sf/0f xfdL ablnFbf klg OlG›o cgle1 g} /xg] x''Fbf k'/fg} afgLcg'¿k rln g} /xG5g\ . OlG›o oGq
xf] t/ xfdL cfkm" g} xf“} eGg]] 7fG5f}+“ . r'/f]6sf] nt nfu]sf] JolQmn] r'/f]6 glkpg] k|lt1f u5{ t/
OlG›ox¿nfO{ p;sf] k|lt1fsf] s'g} hfgsf/L xF'b}g . To;}n] OlG›o / k"/f z/L/n] k|To]s cfwf
306fdf r'/f]6 dfU5, nfdf] ;do;Ddsf] afgL cr]tg dgdf k'uL e08f/0f ePsf] x'G5 . r'/f]6
lkpFlbgF eGg]] k|lt1f r]tg dgn] lnP klg cr]tg dgn] k'/fgf] afgLnfO{ 5f]8\g] :jLs[lt lb“b}g . dg
l:y/ gx'gfn] r]tg / cr]tg dgsf] lardf 8f]ln/xG5 . ;ª\sNkjfg\ x''g vf]H5 t/ k'/fgf] nt
5'6fpg s'g} ;xof]u ub}{g . o;} lar xftn] :jtM a§faf6 r'/f]6 lgsfln;S5 / cf]7df /fv]/ ;nfO{
sf]b}{ d'vn] r'/f]6 tfGg yfN5 .
of] OlG›on] geO{ JolQmn] g} OlG›ox¿nfO{ lbPsf] an, cEof;, ;+:sf/ Pjd\ afgL / ;t{
(Conditioning) x¿n] p;nfO{ lu/fpF5g\ . dg'iosf] OlG›o p;sf] ;+:sf/ xf] / lg0f{o ubf{ xfdLn]
OlG›osf] annfO{ ljrf/ g} ub}{gf}+“ / k/fhosf] ;fdgf u5f}{+ lsgeg] ;+:sf/n] xfdLnfO{ ljjz u/fpF5 .
OlG›onfO{ h'g ;+:sf/ jf cfbt xfdLn] lbPsf 5f“}+, To;nfO{ c;+:sf/ ug{'k5{ / c;+:sfl/t OlG›o
dfq ;xof]uL x'G5 . 1fgL k'?if x:tIf]k gu/L :jefj / k'/fgf s'/fx¿nfO{ ;fIfLefjdf x]l//xG5 .
a'4nfO{ Ps JolQmn] ufnL u¥of], t/ pxfF s]xL gaf]nL r'krfk lxFl8/xg'eof] . pxfFnfO{ lsg s]xL
gaf]nL lxF8\g'x'G5 egL ;f]Wbf pxfFn] s'g} hGddf cfkm"n] u/]sf] ufnLsf] pQ/ clxn] p;n] lbPsf]n]
lx;fa a/fa/ eof] eg]/ hjfkm lbg'eof] . csf/0f s'g} 36gf g36\g] x'gfn] 1fgL k'?if OlG›osf] of]
xdnfnfO{ ctLtsf] xdnf 7fg]/ zfGt efjn] em]N5g\ / k/dfTdfdf cfˆgf] af]em 5f]8\b5 . OlG›o;Fu
PSn} n8\g'eGbf k/dfTdfdf cfˆgf] afgL lj;h{g u/]/ 1fgL k'?if p;}sf] ;xfotf vf]Hb5 . v/fa
ntnfO{ 5'6fpg cfˆgf] PSnf] k|of;af6 s]xL x'g ;Sb}g, k/dfTdf ltdL ;XDffn egL k|fy{gf ubf{
p;sf] pmhf{ olt ljzfn x'G5 ls xhf/f}+“ hGdsf] afgL, ;+:sf/ / cxª\sf/ klg ;dfKt x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 65
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>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;+odsf] Tof] ofqfdf lg:s]sf] JolQmn] ;Dk"0f{ s'/f ;dk{0f u/]/ k|e'dfly g}
5f]l8lbG5 . o:tf] c;xfo cj:yfdf k/dfTdf p;sf] ;xf/f aG5 . cxª\sf/LnfO{ OlG›on] tn emf5{
t/ ljgd| / k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t JolQmnfO{ OlGb|on] lu/fpg ;Sb}g . o:tf] ;+odL JolQm /;,
OlG›osf] bafa, ctLtsf] ;+:sf/sf] k|efj, afgLx¿ / oflGqstfaf6 ;d]t d'Qm x'G5 / l:ytk|1 x'g]
cj:yfnfO{ k|fKt u5{ .
Wofotf] ljifofGk'+;M ;Ë:t]if"khfot] .
;ËfT;~hfot] sfdM sfdfTqmf]wf]˜lehfot] ..^@..
OlG›osf ljifox¿sf] lrGtg ubf{ub}{ To;k|lt cf;lQm a9\5, Tof] cf;lQmaf6 sfd pTkGg x'G5
/ sfdaf6 qmf]w pTkGg x'G5 ..
qmf]wf∫jlt ;Ddf]xM ;Ddf]xfT:d[ltlje|dM .
:d[lte|+zfb\ a'l4gfzf] a'l4gfzfTk|0fZolt ..^#..
qmf]waf6 k"0f{ df]x pTkGg x'G5, k"0f{ df]xaf6 :d/0f zlQm e|ldt x'G5, :d/0f zlQm e|ldt
ePkl5 a'l4sf] gfz / a'l4e|i6 ePkl5 cwMktg x'G5 ..
dg'iosf] dg pWj{udg Pjd\ cwf]udglt/ klg hfg ;S5 . >Ls[i0f dg''iosf] dgsf] s;/L
cwf]udg x''G5 / s;/L pm Ps–Ps sbd rfn]/ ktglt/ hfG5 eGg] lj1fgsf af/]df atfp“b}
x'g'x'G5 . xfd|f] k|f/De ;"Id x'G5 / cGTo :y"n x'G5 . dgdf p7]sf nx/x¿n] xfd|f] k"/f JolQmTjnfO{
k|efljt ub{5 Pjd\ o;nfO{ hfGg] JolQm dfq o;af6 kf/ x''g ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ljifosf] lrGtgaf6 To;k|lt cf;lQm a9\5, of] cf;lQmaf6 sfd pTkGg
x'G5 / sfdaf6 qmf]w pTkGg x'G5 ta dgn] ktgtk{msf] ofqf ;'? u5{ . jf;gfsf] ljrf/, ef]usf]
sfdgf dgsf] klxnf] nx/ xf] . sfdsf] ljrf/af6 :qL;Fusf] ef]usf] sfdgf pTkGg x'G5 . Pp6L
;'Gb/LnfO{ k'?ifn] x]¥of] eg] dfq klg p;leq rfxgf jf jf;gfsf] ;[hgf x'G5 . x]g]{ lalQs} p;nfO{
kfpg] rfxgf klg p7\5, x]g{df s]jn afXo OlG›ox¿n] dfq efu lnG5g\ t/ olb rfxgf eof] eg]
dgsf] rqm ;'? x'G5 . dgn] ;'Gb/ 5 eg]/ dfq eGof] eg] klg leqaf6 rfxgf ;'? x'G5 . j:t'
cfkm}+“df ;'Gb/ of lj¿k x''Fb}g, ;'Gb/ eGg]] lalQs} JolQmsf] r'gfj / JofVof ;'? x''G5 / pm ;'Gb/tfdf
;lDdlnt x''G5 .
s'g} Ps k"l0f{dfsf] /flqdf a'4 j[Ifsf] tn al;/xg'ePsf] lyof] . ufpFsf s]xL o'jsx¿n]
Pp6L j]ZofnfO{ NofP/ p;nfO{ gUg agfP . o'jsx¿sf] gzfsf] a]xf];Lsf] cj:yfdf tL o'jtL
eflug\ . o'jtLnfO{ vf]Hb} ha tL o'jsx¿ a'4 ;dLk cfP/ tkfO{+n] Pp6L gUg :qL otfaf6 uPsL
b]Vg'eof] eg]/ ;f]w] ta a'4n] hjfkm lbg'eof]– sf]xL oxfFaf6 kSs} uPsf] 5 t/ Tof] :qL jf k'?if
eGg ;lSbgF lsgeg] d]/f] 5gf]6 ca z]if 5}g .
ha dgn] ljifodf cfˆgf] ofqf ;'? u5{, ta ;"Id ¿kdf ;'Gb/–lj¿k eg]/ r'gfj u5{ .
To; cj:yfdf s]jn lapsf] ¿kdf rfxgfn] leq cfˆgf] :yfg agfpF5 . oxL aLh a9]/ jf;gfsf]
k|uf9 ¿k lnof] eg] jf;gfaf6 5'6\g ufx|f] x'G5 . of] aLh¿kL jf;gf h8 eO{ km}lnP/ o;n] cr]tg
dgdf klg hu xfNb5, ToxL“+af6 tYodf k|j]z ug]{ ofqf ;'? x'G5 . a'4n] o'jsnfO{ eGg'eof]– :qL
jf k'?if s] lyof] yfxf ePg lsgeg] d]/f] r'gfj / JofVof ug]{ leqsf] tŒj g} ;dfKt eO;Sof] .
JofVof ubf{ cfˆgftkm{af6 s]xL hf]8\g hxfF ;'? x'G5, ToxLFaf6 lrGtgsf] ;'?jft x'G5 . olb :qL
;'Gb/L l5g\ eg] leqaf6 rfxgf k|f/De x'G5 / rfxgf knfpg] lalQs} ef]usf] cfsfª\Iff ToxL

nf]suLtf– 66
 cWofo–@
rfxgfaf6 g} ;'? x'G5 . huTf\df tYo 5, ToxfF sNkgf / JofVof 5}g . sNkgf / JofVof dg'ion]
agfpF5g\ . rfxgfaf6 ef]usf] sfdgf pTkGg x'G5 clg jf;gf lrGtg aG5 / JolQm To;df cf;Qm
x'G5 . Tof] cf;lQmaf6 sfd hlGdG5, sfdaf6 qmf]wsf] pTklQ x'G5 . hf] sfdL x'Fb}g Tof] qmf]wL klg
x'Fb}g . qmf]w sfds} Ps r/0f xf] . sfddf afwf k'Uof] eg] qmf]w pTkGg x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fn] l:ytk|1nfO{ qmf]w x'Fb}g eGg'ePsf] 5 lsgeg] l:ytk|1 lgisfd sd{ ub{5≤ To;}n]
pm sfdL x'Fb}g . sfd;+“u qmf]w :jtM 5fofh:t} eP/ leq cfpF5 . lrQdf qmf]w 5 eg] leq vf]Hbf
sfd klg 5 eGg] yfxf x'G5 . aflwt sfd g} qmf]w xf] . of] ljzfn hut\sf c/af“}+ JolQmx¿sf]
sfdgf Pscsf{;Fu h'‰b5 . d h] rfxG5', ;ft ca{ dflg;x¿ klg ToxL rfxG5g\ / km]l/ cb[Zo
k/dfTdf, hLjhGt', b]jL–b]jtfx¿, j[Ifx¿ tyf cfsfz Pjd\ cgGtdf cg]sf}+ lrhx¿sf rfxgf
h'w]sf x''G5g\ . cgGt rfxgfx¿n] Ps–csf{nfO{ sfl6/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] Jojxf/n] cGttM qmf]w pTkGg
u5{ . pmhf{ zlQmsf] alxu{dgsf nflu sfdsf] åf/df cj/f]w k}bf x'Fbf plåUg x'g' qmf]w xf] . Tof]
pmhf{n] sfdsf] dfu{ gkfpFbf ljlIfKt eP/ qmf]w pTkGg x'G5 . ha qmf]w a9\5 ta To;/L g} df]x
klg a9\5 . xfdLn] rfx]sf] s'/f kfpg ;s]gf}+“ eg] To;k|lt xfd|f] df]x cem k|uf9 x'G5 . h] k|fKt x'G5
To;k|lt df]x x'Fb}g / h] kfOFb}g To;k|lt df]x x'G5 . qmf]wn] df]xnfO{ hGdfpF5 .
O/fgL zf;s gflb/ ;fx (Nadar Shah) Pp6L :qL k|lt nf]n'k lyP t/ TfL :qL gflb/ ;fxsf
Ps ;]js;Fu k|]d uly{g\ . of] s'/f yfxf kfPkl5 gflb/ ;fx b'j} hgfnfO{ gofF k|sf/sf] ;hfo lbg
rfxGy] h;sf nflu pgn] cfˆgf dGqLx¿;Fu ;''emfj dfu] . Ps hgf cg'ejL dGqLn] b'j}nfO{ gUg
agfO{ Ps–csf{;Fu hf]8]/ hGhL/n] afFlwlbP . b'j} k|]dLx¿ o;/L !% lbg;Dd afFlwPs} cj:yfdf
/x] . z/L/af6 lg:s]sf] dnd"q Pjd\ b'u{Gwn] 56k6fx6 k}bf eof] . tL sl/a sl/a kfun h:t}
eP . h]nd'Qm ePkl5 Ps–csf{;Fu slxNo} ;DaGw gufF:g] k|lt1f u/L pgLx¿ efu] . pgLx¿df
df]x g} k}bf x'g ;s]g . df]x h] kfOFb}g To;df hlGdG5, hf] ;lhn};Fu kfOG5 To;df df]x x'Fb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– qmf]waf6 df]x k}bf x'G5 lsgeg] h] gkfOg] x'G5 To;nfO{ emg\ kfpg] cfsfª\Iff
tLj| x'G5 / kfpg] kfunkg hfU5 . gkfpg] ePkl5 dg cem kfpgsf nflu ljlIfKt x'G5 / olb
kfOxfNof] eg] df]x gi6 x'G5 . gkfpFbf dfq df]x k}bf x'G5 .
klxn] ;+o'Qm kl/jf/df :qL;Fusf] cfsif{0f ulx/f] lyof] / df]x hLjge/ rNbYof] lsgeg]
>LdtL;Fu e]6 x'g klg ufx|f] lyof] . kTgL 3'D6Ldf x'lGyg\ / ;+o'Qm kl/jf/sf sf/0f pgLx¿sf]
d'l:snn] dfq e]6 x'GYof] . la:tf/} :qLx¿ 3'D6Laf6 aflx/ cfP, pgLx¿sf nflu :jtGqtf k|fKt
ePsf] /fd|f] eof] t/ :qLk|ltsf] df]x IfL0f x'Fb} uof] . :qLx¿ cfh cgfsif{s ePsf 5g\ . o'/f]k,
cd]l/sflt/ :qL k|foM gUg xF'bf pgLx¿ cgfsif{s ePsf x'g\ . To;}n] t k'?if klg jf:tf ub}{gg\ t/
k''?ifx¿ a'sf{df 5f]lkPsf :qLx¿ e]l6P eg] pT;'stfk"j{s x]5{g\ . 3'D6Ln] 9flsg'df afwf 5, hxfF
afwf x'G5 ToxfF df]x x'G5 . :qL–k'?ifsf] ;DaGw sfd–jf;gfsf] eGbf ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts dxŒjn]
el/k"0f{ x'G5 . cfhsf :qL / k'?ifsf] ;DaGw cfsif{s agfpg gUgtfaf6 z/L/ 9fSg] j:qdf :qLx¿
cfpg}kg]{ x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– qmf]wn] df]x k}bf u5{ lsgeg] hxfF afwf 5 ToxfF cfsif{0f pTkGg
x'G5 / hxfF afwf x'Fb}g ToxfF cgfsif{0f k}bf x'G5 . of] t clxn]sf dgf]j}1flgsx¿sf] egfOsf] l7s
ljk/Lt 5 . klxn] :qL–k'?ifsf] Ps–csf{k|lt cfsif{0f olt w]/} lyof] ls ;ft hGd;Dd klg pxL
klt–kTgLsf] sfdgf ul/GYof] . ;DaGwljR5]b t c;Dej g} lyof] lsgeg] ToxfF afwf klg w]/} x'GYof] .
sfddf afwf ePdf qmf]w k}bf x'G5 / qmf]w a9]df df]x k}bf x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hxfF
df]x k}bf x'G5, ToxfF :d[lt e|i6 x'G5 . :d[lt sfd / qmf]wn] e|i6 x'Fb}g lsgeg] qmf]w t afwf x6\of]

nf]suLtf– 67
cWofo–@
eg] x/fpF5 . df]x t qmf]weGbf klg ;an x'G5 . qmf]wn] kfun u/fpF5 eg] df]xn] t cGwf] u/fpF5 .
df]x kfpg] s'/fsf k5fl8 kfun eP/ bf}l8G5 . ha df]xn] cGwf] agfpF5, ta :d[lt gi6 x'G5 . df]x
lrQsf] Tof] cj:yf xf] hxfFaf6 Tof] kfgL ttfpFbf afkm ag] h:t} aGg yfN5 . qmf]wsf] tx;Dd kfgL
tftf] ePh:tf] x'G5, h;nfO{ lr;f] klg agfpg ;lsG5 t/ df]xdf ePkl5 kfgL afkm eP/ p8\g
yfN5 / dgsf] gofF cj:yf k|f/De x'G5 . qmf]waf6 lkmtf{ x'g ;lsG5 t/ df]xaf6 lkmtf{ x'g
;lsGg . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– df]xn] :d[lte|i6 x'G5 lsgeg] lrQ afkm eO;s]kl5 lkmtf{ x'g
ufx|f] x'G5 .
xfd|f] dgdf df]xsf] h] sfd xf], Tof] :d[ltsf] l7s ljk/Lt sfd x'G5 . :d[lt tYout x'G5 .
:d[ltsf] cy{ h] hfGof] To;nfO{ ;Demgfdf /fVg' xf] . :d[ltdf xfd|f] s]xL hf]8 x'Fb}g t/ df]xn] tYodf
xf]Og h] rfxG5 Tof] klg yk]/ of]hgf u5{ . df]x :jKglgdf{tf xf] . To;}n] df]x ePsf]nfO{ tYoeGbf
sNkgfsf] ;+;f/df t}l/g cfgGb cfpF5 / pm :jfefljs lg›fdf lxF8] h:tf] x'G5 . k|]d ToxfF x'G5,
hxfF df]x x'Fb}g lsgeg] df]xn] dfu u5{ / k|]dn] lbG5 . k|]d ToxL lrQdf pknAw x'G5 hxfF s'g}
sfdgf Pjd\ jf;gf x'Fb}g . k|]dn] :d[ltnfO{ k'i6 u5{, eg] df]xn] :d[ltnfO{ e|i6 u5{ . df]xn]
:d[ltnfO{ gi6 u5{ lsgeg] :d[lt ca tYonfO{ ToxL ¿kdf k|:t't ug{ ;Sb}g . df]xn] tYodf w]/}
sfNklgs s'/fnfO{ k|If]k0f u5{ . wgsf ;DaGwdf wglkkf;'n] h] b]V5 Tof] wgdf x'Fb}g, Tof] t df]xn]
yk kl/of]hgf agfPsf] dfq xf] . ;fy} df]xn] cfˆgf] tl/sfn] wgsf af/]df yk wf/0ffx¿ k|If]k0f
u/]sf] x'G5 . wgnfO{ df]x ePsf JolQmn] To;df cfTdf g} ePsf] h:tf] u/]/ ;dfT5g\ . p;n]
wgeGbf ;j{>]i7 / lk|o j:t' g} b]Vb}g .
Ps hgf wgf9\osf ufpFdf clgsfn k¥of] / ufpFn]x¿ p;;Fu ;xof]usf] ¿kdf wg dfUg
uP . wg lbFbf t cfˆgf] k|f0f g} g/xg] x'Fbf wgf9on] wg gdfUg cfu|x u¥of] . s]xL ;dokl5 p;sL
kTgL la/fdL kl/g\ . p;n] kTgLsf] cf}ifwf]krf/df s'g} vr{ u/]g lsgeg] kTgL t csf]{ kfpg
;lsG5 t/ wg s;/L kfOG5 eGg] ;f]Rof] . pkrf/ gu/]sfn] kTgLsf] d[To' eof] . s]xL ;dokl5 pm
cfkm}+ klg la/fdL eof], ufpFn]x¿n] p;nfO{ cfˆgf] pkrf/ ug{ cfu|x u/] t/ p;n] wg vr{ u/]/
afFRg'eGbf t dg{' g} a]; eGof] . d[To' ;lGgs6 cfPkl5 p;n] cfˆgf ;a} d"Nojfg\ ;DklQ ;'g,
rfFbL, xL/f, df]tL cflb Pp6f af]/fdf /fvL gbLdf uof] / ;a}eGbf sd d"Nodf tfl/lbg] dfemLsf]
vf]hL ug{ yfNof] . df]ndf]nfO ug]{ qmddf Ps l;Ssfdf gbL tfl/lbg Ps dfemL tof/ eP . gbLsf]
lardf k'u]kl5 p;n] dfemLnfO{ dg{ nfu]sf] dflg;sf] clGtd OR5f k"/f ul/lbg cfu|x u¥of] . olb
dfemLn] Ps l;Ssf klg glnO{sg gbL tfl/lbPdf cfkm"n] cf/fd;Fu k|f0f TofUg] atfof] . ul/a
dfemLn] p;sf] clGtd OR5f k"/f ul/lbof] .
df]xu|:t JolQmsf] cj:yf l7s o:t} x'G5 . p;sf] ;xh ljj]s x/fP/ pm ljlIfKt x'G5 .
dflg; wg, kb, jf;gfsf] df]xdf olt ljlIfKt x'G5 ls p;sf] ljj]s g} ;dfKt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– hxfF :d[lt gi6 x'G5 ToxfF a'l4 klg gi6 x'G5 . :d[lt a'l4sf] s]jn ;ª\u|xfno xf] . a'l4n]
hfg]sf s'/fx¿ :d[ltdf hDdf x'G5g\ . :d[ltsf] cy{ ctLt xf] / klxn] ctLt¿kL :d[lt gi6 x'G5
clg eljio klg gi6 x'G5 . a'l4sf] cy{ Intelligence xf] Intellect xf]Og . efiffsf]zdf b'j}sf] cy{
Pp6} 5 . jf:tljs alg;s]sf] a'l4 Intellect xf] eg] galg;s]sf] z''4 a'l4 Intelligence xf] .
a'l4dfgL t :d[lt;Fu} ljs[t eO;S5 . hflg;lsPsf] s'/f a'l4 xf] hf] :d[lt;Fu g} ljs[t eO;s]sf]
x'G5 t/ h] hfGg] zlQm 5 Tof] a'l4 (Intelligence) xf] . :d[lt ljs[t ePkl5 cJoQmdf /x]sf] a'l4
klg e|i6 x'g yfN5 / leq n's]sf] k|1f klg 8fdf8f]n x'g yfN5 . of] clGtd ktg xf] . a'l4 h;df

nf]suLtf– 68
 cWofo–@
cgGt ;Defjgfdf n's]sf] 5 Tof] klg gfz ePkl5 ;a} s'/f ;dfKt x'G5 clg JolQm k"0f{ ¿kdf
cfkm"nfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ u/L bLgtfdf k'u]/ bl/›tf k|fKt ub{5 .
/fuå]ifljo'Q}m:t' ljifoflglGb|o}Zr/g\ .
cfTdjZo}lj{w]ofTdf k|;fbdlwuR5lt ..^$..
/fu / å]ifaf6 d'Qm ePsf] / cfˆgf OlG›ox¿nfO{ ljifox¿af6 lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf
ePsf] cGt:s/0f OlG›oåf/f ljifodf ljr/0f ub}{ cGt:s/0fsf] k|;Ggtf k|fKt u5{ ..
;fwf/0ftof xfdL ;f]Rb5f“}+, lrQdf ljIf]k / ljXjntf gePkl5 cGt:s/0f z'4 x'G5 t/
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cGt:s/0f z'4 ePdf lrQsf] ;a} ljIf]k ;dfKt x'G5 . hf] JolQm czfGt 5,
To;n] zflGt k|fKt ug]{ k|of; u/]df czflGt emg\ a9]/ hfG5 . zfGt x'g g;s]sf] l:yltn] kL8f
lbG5 . o; ;Gbe{df ;fª\Von] cGt:s/0f ;b}j z'4 x'G5, To;nfO{ z'4 ug}{kb}{g eg]sf] 5 . h;nfO{
cGt:s/0fsf af/]df yfxf 5}g To;n] dfq cGt:s/0f z'4 ug]{ k|oTg u5{ . hf] z'4 g} 5 To;nfO{
yk z'4 ug{ ;lsGg . cGt:s/0fnfO{ z'4 gdfGg] JolQm h;n] o;nfO{ hfg]s} 5}g p;sf] z'4 ug]{
k|of; c;kmn dfq x'G5 . cGt:s/0fnfO{ z'4 ug]{ k|of; cFWof/f] sf]7fdf t/jf/ lnP/ cGwsf/nfO{
sf6]/ x6fpg vf]Hg' h:t} xf] . h;n] z'4 ug{'kg]{ xf] ToxL g} cz'4 5 eg] z'l4 x'g ;Sb}g .
cGt:s/0f ;b}j z'4 x'G5, oxL ;To xf] . cGt:s/0fsf] cy{ cGtZr]tg xf]Og . uLtfsf af/]df
l6Kk0fL ug]{x¿n] / zAbsf]zdf ;d]t cGt:s/0fsf] cy{ cGtZr]tg (Conscience) u/]sf 5g\ hf]
e|flGt xf] .
rf]/L ug{ vf]Hbf leqaf6 rf]/L ug{' unt Pjd\ kfk xf] eGg]] efj cfof] eg] of] cGt:s/0fsf]
cfjfh xf]Og, of] t ;dfhn] agfPsf] wf/0ff dfq xf] . olb rf]/x¿sf] ;dfh ePdf leq dgaf6
rf]/L g/fd|f] xf] eGg]] efj cfpFb}g . ef/tdf hf6x¿sf] ;dfhdf ha;Dd o'jfn] b'O{ rf/j6f rf]/L
ub}{g, ta;Dd pm ljjfxsf nflu of]Uo g} x'Fb}g . cGt:s/0f t pgLx¿;Fu klg x'G5, t/ ToxfF
;dfhn] rf]/L unt xf] eGg]] wf/0ff /fv]]sf] xF'b}g . To;}n] pgLx¿nfO{ rf]/L unt xf] eGg]] nfUb}g .
pgLx¿nfO{ rf]/L untsfo{ jf v/fa xf] eGg]] wf/0ff s]6fs]6L a]nfb]lv g} xfNg] k|of; gul/Psf
sf/0f pgLx¿sf nflu rf]/L, 8s}tL, unt sfo{ xf]Ogg\ . lxGb"n] cfˆg} sfsfsL 5f]/L;Fu j}jflxs
;DaGw sfod /fVg ldNb}g t/ d';ndfgn] sfsf–dfdfsf 5f]/f5f]/L;Fu ljjfx u5{g\ . of]
cGt:s/0fsf] e]b geO{ ;fdflhs dfGotf / /Lltl:yltsf] e]b dfq xf] . ;dfhn] Pp6f dfGotf
agfPsf] 5 / ;f]xL cg';f/ leq klg To:t} dfGotfsf] Pp6f cbfnt h:t} Joj:yfkg 5 . of]
cGtZr]tg xf] . cGt:s/0fsf] cy{ cGt/td pks/0f cyf{t\ leqsf] ofqfdf hfg ;lsg] clGtd
cj:yf g} cGt:s/0f xf] t/ of] cfTdf xf]Og . cGt:s/0f cfTdfsf] lgs6td pks/0f xf] h;sf
dfWodn] xfdL aflx/ hf]l8G5f}+ . o;sf] P]gfdf cfTdf k|ltkmlnt x'G5 . cGt:s/0fkl5 leq cfTdf /
k/dfTdf dfq afFsL /xG5 . cfTdfsf] olt lgs6td /x]sf] s'/f cz'4 x'g} ;Sb}g . cGtZr]tgf
;fdflhs Joj:yf xf], of] cGt:s/0f xf]Og . wd{, ;+:s[lt / ;dfh leGg leGg x'g ;S5g\ t/
cGt:s/0f Pp6} x'G5 . of] aflx/L huTf\;Fu leq hf]8\g] dfWod xf] . To;}n] xfdL h;nfO{ cGt:s/0f
dflg/x]sf 5f}+“ Tof] cGtZr]tgf xf] .
cfTdf z/L/df k'Ubf k'Ub} cz'4 x'g ;S5 lsgeg] z/L/ cfTdfaf6 lgs} k/ 5 . cfTdfaf6
cGt:s/0f ;a}eGbf lgs6 5 hf] cz'4 x'g} ;Sb}g, ctM of] z'4 5 . z/L/sf lgs6 OlG›ox¿ 5g\ .
To;kl5 qmdzM cGt;\ OlG›o, :d[lt, k|of]lut a'l4, ck|of]lut a'l4, cGt:s/0f, cfTdf clg k/dfTdf
x'G5 . o;/L xfdLn] a'‰of}+“ eg] klg ;fª\Vodf elgP h:t} cGt:s/0f z'4 5 eGg]] a'‰g ;lsG5 .

nf]suLtf– 69
cWofo–@
;fª\Von] eG5– b[Zo / ›i6f b'O{ lrh x'g\ . h] b]lvG5 Tof] xfdLeGbf leGg xf] lsgeg] xfdL x]g{]jfnf
b|i6f xf}+“ . h;/L Pp6f JolQmn] au}Frf gb]lvFbf klg xfjfsf] em8\sfdf ;'uGwsf] cg'ej u5{ / ha
pm au“}+rf glhs k'U5 ta xl/ofnL, km"n, ;'uGwsf ;fy} cGTodf zflGtsf] cg'ej u5{ . o:t}
k|sf/n] leqsf] cGt/ofqf u/]df cGt:s/0fsf] klg cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 .
xfdLleqsf] ofqf ubf{ cGt;\ OlG›o clg ljrf/x¿sf] hfnf], k|of]lut a'l4, ck|of]lut a'l4sf]
k|sfz cflbnfO{ qmdzM x]bf{ x]bf{ of] t b[Zo xf] / h'g s'/f d b]lv/x]sf] 5' Tof] d s;/L x'g ;S5'
eg]/ 5f]8\b} ofqf ul//Xof}+ eg] k|sflzt lrhsf] lgs6tfdf Pp6f cnf}lss z'l4 cfTdfsf] l7s
lgs6 cGt:s/0fnfO{ cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 . To;nfO{ klg z'4td dfq dfg]/ 5f]8]df k|sfz¿kL
cfTdfsf] bz{g kfOG5, hf] ›i6f xf] . of] cfTdfsf] bz{gdf cgGt k|sfz dfq z]if /xG5 . o;/L
cGt:s/0fsf] cg'ejsf nflu cGt/ofqf u/]df cGt:s/0f z'4 /x]sf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;lsG5 . xfdLnfO{
aflx/ z/L/¿kL kmf]x/sf] dfq hfgsf/L x''Fbf z'l4nfO{ a'‰g ;s]sf 5}gf“}+ . To;}n] ;fª\Vo eG5–
leqsf] ofqf u/]kl5 cGt:s/0f z'4 5 eGg] yfxf x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ha cGt:s/0fsf] z'l4nfO{ hflgG5, To;} ;do lrQsf ;Dk"0f{ ljIf]k
tTsfn ;dfKt x'G5g\ . Pp6f JolQmn] ulx/f] vf8naf6 cfsfzlt/ x]/]df cfsfzsf afbn /
cGwsf/nfO{ dfq b]V5, cfsfz b]Vg ;Sb}g t/ Pp6f kxf8sf] 6'Kkfdf /x]sf] JolQmn] cfsfz x]bf{
afbn tn /x]sf] / cfsfz :jR5 /x]sf] b]Vb5 . xjfO{ hxfhaf6 ofqf ubf{ afbn, s'lx/f], x':;' tn
/ xfdL dfly x'G5f}+ . dgsf ljIf]k, ljsf/x¿ ToxL afbnsf] cfj/0f jf s'lx/f] jf x':;' h:t} x'g\ . oL
afbnx¿n] xfd|f] lrQdf ljIf]k k}bf u5{g\ lsgeg] xfdL tn vf8ndf afFlr/x]sf 5f}+ . >Ls[i0f
cGt:s/0fsf] vf]hdf lxF8\g eGg'x'G5 hxfF lrQ afbneGbf dfly x'G5 / cGt:s/0f z'4 ePsf] x'gfn]
;a} s'/fx¿ :jR5 / ljsf//lxt x'G5 . cGt:s/0f;Dd k'Ug] JolQmn] lzv/sf] ofqf ub{5 hxfF
;"o{af6 k|;fl/t k|sfz;Fu ;fIffTsf/ ug{ ;S5 . of] s]jn ofqf xf] / z'l4 k|fKt ug{' kmn xf] .
k|;fb] ;j{b'Mvfgf+ xflg/:of]khfot] .
k|;Ggr]t;f] Xofz' a'l4M ko{jlti7t] ..^%..
O{Zj/sf] s[kf k|fKt u/L To;}df ;Gt'i6 /xg] / cGt:s/0f k|;Gg ePsf JolQmsf ;a} k|sf/sf
b'v–si6 gfz x'G5g\ / To:tf k|;Gg lrQ ePsf JolQmsf] a'l4 zL3| l:y/ x'G5 ..
gfl:t a'l4/o'Qm:o g rfo'Qm:o efjgf .
g rfefjotM zflGt/zfGt:o s'tM ;'vd\ ..^^..
O{Zj/df Psfu|tf gePsf cyf{t\ OlGb|o / dgnfO{ lhTg g;s]sf JolQmx¿sf] a'l4 g lbJo / g
lgZrofTds x'g ;S5 g t dg g} l:y/ x'G5 . o:tf] co''Qm dg''iosf] cGt:s/0fdf efjgf g} x''bF }g .
o:tf] efjgf gePsf / cl:y/ dg ePsf JolQmx¿n] zflGt k|fKt ub}{gg\ / zflGtljgf ;'v c;Dej
5 ..
O{Zj/sf] s[kf k|fKt u/L To;}df ;Gt'i6 /xg] JolQmsf nflu ;+;f/sf ;a} k|sf/sf b'v–si6
gfz x'G5g\ . o; k|sf/sf] t[Kt r]tgfdf /xg] JolQmsf] a'l4 zL3| l:y/ x'G5 . hf] JolQm s[i0f
efjgfdf /x]/ eujfg\;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'Fb}g / h;sf] O{Zj/df Psfu|tf x'Fb}g Tof] JolQmsf] g a'l4 g}
lbJo x'g ;S5 g dg g} l:y/ x'g ;S5 . cl:y/ dg ePsf JolQmn] zflGt k|fKt ug{ ;Dej 5}g /
zflGtljgf ;'v c;Dej 5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o'Qm k'?ifnfO{ zflGt k|fKt x'G5 / co'Qm
k'?ifnfO{ zflGt k|fKt x'Fb}g . co'Qm k'?ifsf] cGt:s/0fdf efjgf / zflGt x'Fb}g . zflGtljgf ;'v

nf]suLtf– 70
 cWofo–@
k|fKt x'g ;Qm}g . co'Qm eGgfn] cfkm"af6 cnu, cfˆgf] x'gaf6 6f9f Pjd\ hf] cfkm}+“;Fu 6'6]sf] 5
eGg] a'lemG5 . cfkm";Fu JolQm 6'6\g ;Sb}g lsgeg] cfkm";Fu 6'6]/ JolQm b'O{df afFl8G5 / cfkm";Fu
hf]l8g klg ;lsGg lsgeg] cfkm";Fu s;/L hf]l8g] hf] 6'6]s} 5}g . d cfkm}+“af6 6'6]+,“ cnu ePF eGg'
s]jn Pp6f e|dk"0f{ ljrf/ dfq xf] . JolQmn] s]jn o:tf] ;f]Rg dfq ;S5 / JolQm o'Qm / co'Qm
x'g} ;Sb}g, s]jn of] Pp6f ljrf/ dfq xf] . of] t s]jn ;kgfdf Pp6} JolQm b'O{ 7fpFdf k'u] h:tf]
xf] hf] p7]kl5 s]jn e|flGt dfq nfU5 . of] o'Qm / co'Qm ;kgfsf] efj dfq xf] . o'Qm k'?if Tof] xf]
hf] e|flGt / ;kgfdf geO{ hflu;s]sf] cj:yfdf cyf{t\ hfu/0fdf x''G5 ;fy} p;nfO{ cfkm"af6
slxNo} cnu gePsf] af]w klg x''G5 . co'Qm k'?ifdf efjgf x'Fb}g≤ To;}n] xfdLdf ePsf] efjgf s[i0f
efjgf xf]Og . klt–kTgL, 5f]/f–5f]/L jf afa'–cfdf dbf{ x'g] lrRofx6 jf ?jfO efjgf xf]Og Tof] t
;+j]bgf dfq xf] . oL ;a} cfˆgf xf]Ogg\ / k/fO{sf 5f]/f5f]/L x'g\ eGg]] yfxf x'g] lalQs} ?jfO aGb
x'G5 lsgeg] of] Joy{ efjgf xf] .
lnof] 6fN:6fon] (Leo-Tolstoy) Pp6f syf n]v]sf 5g\– Pshgf hldgbf/sf 5f]/f / afa'sf
larsf] ;DaGw lalu|Pkl5 5f]/fn] 3/ 5f]8\of] . afa' j[4 x'Fb} uPsfn] 5f]/fnfO{ kmls{P/ cfpg eGof] .
5f]/fn] cd's ldltdf /]naf6 3/ cfpg] ;Gb]z k7fof] . k7fPsf] ;doeGbf b'O{ 306f cl3 g} 5f]/f
cfO;s]sf] lyof] . ToxfF a:gsf nflu Pp6f dfq wd{zfnf lyof] / wd{zfnfdf s'g} sf]7f vfnL
lyPg . wd{zfnfsf Joj:yfksn] Ps hgf ul/a s]6f] s]xL If0f cl3 cfP/ sf]7fleq a;]sf] a]xf]/f
hldgbf/nfO{ atfP . hldgbf/n] p;nfO{ sf]7faf6 lgsfNg / cfkm"nfO{ ToxfF a:g] Joj:yf ldnfOlbg
cfb]z lbP . Joj:yfksn] cfb]z lz/f]k/ u/] . /ftel/ lxpF k¥of] / sk8fsf] cefjdf n'un'u sfDb}
s]6fn] leq clnslt 5]pdf a:g lbg ofrgf u¥of] . t/ hldgbf/n] cfˆgf] lg›f eË ul/lbg]
s]6fnfO{ ;8sdf ˆofFSg nufP . s7\ofª\lu|P/ s]6fsf] d[To' eof] . p;sf] vNtLaf6 sfuh lgsfn]/
x]bf{ Tof] o'js c¿ sf]xL geP/ hldgbf/s} 5f]/f] ePsf] k|dfl0ft eof] . To;kl5 hldgbf/n] ?Fb}
5f]/fsf] nf;nfO{ n'uf km]/fP/ sf]7fdf NofP . hLljt JolQmsf] ofrgfnfO{ nTofpFb} ;8sdf ˆofFSg
nufpg] / cfˆgf] 5f]/f eGg]] lalQs} sf]7fdf Nofpg] sfd eof] . xfd|f] efjgf klg l7s o:t} x'G5 .
lnof] 6fN:6fon] of] syf d]/f] cfTdsyf klg xf] eg]sf 5g\ . pgn] cfˆgL cfdfnfO{ lgs}
efjgfzLn dlxnf 7fGby] lsgeg] pgL /Ëd~rdf gf6s x]bf{ /f]P/ rf/ kfFrj6f ?dfn lehfpFlyg\ .
pgL /fhkl/jf/sL ;b:o ePsfn] pgnfO{ 5j6f 3f]8fsf] aUuL /Ëd~rsf cufl8 tof/L cj:yfdf
pleg'kYof]{ . ToxfF c;fWo lxpF kg]{ x'gfn] Ps b''O{ hgf ;jf/L rnfpg] JolQmsf] aflx/ lxpFdf
s'bf{s'b{} d[To' x'GYof] / pgLx¿nfO{ ˆofFs]/ csf]{ rfnssf] tof/L u/L aUuL rnfOGYof] . pgL
/Ëd~rdf cfpg] kfqx¿sf] clego ;Dem]/ /f]O/xlGyg\ . of] efjgf geO{ efjgfsf] wf]sf xf] .
efjgf t leqsf] ;xh efj xf] . Pp6f ul/anfO{ sf]7faf6 lgisfzg u/L ;8sdf ˆofNg' / ;jf/L
rfnsnfO{ d[t ;DemL ˆofFs]/ /Ëd~rsf] :d/0fdf ?g' efjgf geO{ å}t rl/q xf] .
>Ls[i0fsf] egfOdf efjgf Tof] JolQmdf p7\5 hf] cfkm";Fu ;+o'Qm x'G5 . co'Qmx¿ c¿;Fu
hf]l8G5g\ / o'Qm ;a} cfkm";Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . ljo'Qm s;}sf klt–kTgL, 5f]/f5f]/L, ldq cflb x'G5g\
t/ p;nfO{ cfkm" sf] xf] yfxf x'Fb}g . c¿sf] ;DaGwdf pm hf]l8Psf] x'G5 t/ cfkm"nfO{ p;n]
lrGb}g . efjgfsf] :km'/0f t cfkm";Fu hf]l8Pdf dfq x'G5 . c¿;Fu hf]l8Psf] JolQm ;bf czfGt
x'G5 / cfkm";Fu hf]l8Psf] JolQm dfq zfGt x'G5 . zflGt eg]sf] leqsf] ;+o'Qmtf Pjd\ cfkm";Fu
;Gt'i6 x'g' xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fgL o'Qm eP/ zflGt k|fKt ub{5 .

nf]suLtf– 71
cWofo–@
OlGb|of0ff+ lx r/tf+ oGdgf]˜g'ljwLot] .
tb:o x/lt k|1f+ jfo'gf{jldjfDel; ..^&..
h;/L kfgLdf lxF8\g] 8'FufnfO{ jfo'n] x'TofOlbG5, To;/L g} ljifox¿df bf}l8g] OlG›ox¿dWo] dg
h''g OlG›o;+“u} /xG5, Tof] Ps OlG›on] of] co'Qm k'?ifsf] a'l4x/0f ul/lbG5 ..
t:dfB:o dxfafxf] lgu[xLtflg ;j{zM .
OlGb|of0fLlGb|ofy]{Eo:t:o k|1f k|ltli7tf ..^*..
x] dxfafx' Û h;sf OlG›ox¿ cfˆgf ljifo–jf;gfaf6 k"0f{tM lgolGqt 5g\ To:tfsf] a'l4nfO{
l:y/ a'l4 dfGg'kb{5 ..
h;/L xfjfsf] em8\sfn] 8F'ufnfO{ 8fdf8f]n agfOlbG5 / cfFwL–a]x/Lsf] ¿k lnPdf 8F'uf 8'Ag
klg ;S5, o;}u/L h;sf] lrQsf] zlQm ljifox¿lt/ ljlIfKt eP/ bf}l8G5, p;sf] dg cfFwL t'kmfg
aG5 / o:tf] cfFwLsf sf/0f :jod\sf] 8'Fuf 8'Ab5 . x] ch{'g Û h;/L kfgLdf lxF8\g] 8'FufnfO{ jfo'n]
x'TofOlbG5, To;/L g} ljifox¿df bf}l8g] dg¿k OlG›on] Tof] co'Qm k'?ifsf] a'l4x/0f ul/lbG5 .
cfFwL t'kmfg cfPg eg] 8'Fuf cf/fd;Fu gxNnLsg t}l/G5 . o:t} dg'iosf] dg jf;gfsf] t'kmfgdf
hlt bf}l8G5, Tolt g} p;sf] ljgfz x'g] / 8'Fuf 8'Ag] ;Defjgf x'G5 . of] ;TonfO{ hfg]/ h;n]
ljifox¿tkm{ lrQ bf}8fpFb}g, pm jf;gf/lxt eP/ :jod\df k|ltli7t x'G5 . o:tfsf] a'l4nfO{
l:y/a'l4 dfGg'k5{ eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . 1fgL k'?ifdf jf;gfsf] cfFwL g} p7\b}g≤ To;}n] p;n]
jf;gfnfO{ /f]Sg' g} kb}{g lsgeg] jf;gfsf] cfFwL xfd|f] ;xof]uaf6 dfq pTkGg x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– hf] of] jf;gf¿kL cfFwLnfO{ rnfpFb}g Tof] JolQm jf;gf/lxt x'G5 / of] cfFwLnfO{ ;fdgf
g} gu/L :jod\df k|ltli7t x'G5 . o;/L hf] :jod\df k|ltli7t x'G5 p;n] ;a} s'/f k|fKt ub{5 .
of lgzf ;j{e"tfgf+ t:of+ hfult{ ;+odL .
o:of+ hfu|lt e"tflg ;f lgzf kZotf] d'g]M ..^(..
h'g ;do ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf nflu /flq;dfg x'G5 To:tf] ;dodf l:yltk|1 cyf{t\ cfTd;\+odL
k'?if hfu[t x'G5g\ / ;a} hLjx¿ hfUg] ;do lqsfnbzL{ cyf{t\ k/dfTdfsf] tŒjnfO{ hfGg] d'lgsf]
nflu /flq x'G5 ..
hf] ;a}sf nflu cGwsf/¿kL /flq xf] Tof] klg 1fgL ;+odLsf nflu hfu/0f xf] . lg›f
;fwf/0f JolQmsf nflu dfq xf], 1fgLsf nflu t lg›f hfu/0f xf] . o; dxfjfSosf] ax'cfoflds
cy{ 5 . o;sf] zflAbs cy{ ha xfdL /ftdf ;'T5f}+“, ta klg 1fgL ;'Tb}gg\, 1fgL t xfdLn] lj>fd
u/] h:t} /ftdf ;'t]/ klg lg›fsf] jzdf x'Fb}gg\ . 1fgLleqsf] r]tgf slxn] ;'t]sf] x'Fb}g eGg] xf] .
a'4;Fu} ;'Tbf s}of}+“ lbg pxfF xnrn gu/Lsg ;'t]sf] b]Vbf cfZro{ nfu]/ cfgGbn] a'4;Fu
;f]w]–xh'/ /ftdf klg ;'Tg'x'Gg . a'4n] hjfkm lbg'eof]– ha d}n] 1fg k|fKt u/]“ / d]/f] c1fg x6\of,]
tab]lv d]/f] z/L/ dfq ;'T5 t/ d ;'lTbgF . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] ;a}sf nflu cFWof/f] lg›f xf] Tof]
klg 1fgLsf nflu hfu/0f xf] . xfdL klg ;'Tbf k"/f ;'Tb}gf“}+ 1fgsf] Pp6f efu t g;'tLsg
hfu/0fdf a;]sf] x'G5 . /ftL bz–la; hgf ;'lt/x]sf] a]nfdf s;}n] /fd eg]/ af]nfof] eg] ;a}n]
;'g] klg /fd eGg]] JolQm dfq af]N5 / af]nfpg'sf] sf/0f ;f]W5 lsgeg] p;sf] r]tgfsf] Ps efu
pm ;'Tbf klg hflu/x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] p;n] /fd eGg]] gfdnfO{ lrGb5 . cfdf aRrf;Fu ;'lt/x]sL
x'lG5g\ . cfFwLa]x]/L / lah'nL rDs] klg cfdf pl7\bgg\ t/ aRrf clnslt xnrn u¥of] eg] pgL
tTsfn p7\l5g\ . cfdfsf] r]tgfsf] Ps lx:;f pl7/x]sf] / aRrfsf] ljifodf Wofg s]lG›t ul//x]sf]

nf]suLtf– 72
 cWofo–@
x'G5 . of] r]tgfsf] Ps lx:;f hfu/0f x'g] xfd|f] cfsl:ds 36gfsf nflu xf] / ;fwf/0ftof xfd|f]
;f/f r]tgf cGwsf/k"0f{ lg›fdf 8'la/x]sf] x'G5 . >Ls[i0fsf] klxnf] cfofdsf] cy{ 1fgL jf:tljs
lg›fdf klg hfu/0fdf x'G5 eGg]] xf] .
xfdL vfFbf, a:bf, lxF8\bf, af]Nbf xf];df xf]Og a]xf];Ld} x'G5f}+ . xfdL Pp6f sfd ubf{ xhf/f“}+
ljrf/x¿;Fu} lnP/ afFR5f}“ . dxfjL/n] cfˆgf lziox¿nfO{ eGg'ePsf] 5 lxF88'n ubf{, p7\bf, a:bf,
;'Tbf ;Fw}+ hfu]/ g} ug{" . hf] JolQm hfu]/ ;'Tg ;S5, To:tf] JolQmn] cfˆgf] d[To'nfO{ klg hfu]/ b]Vg
;S5 . hxfF sfdL JolQm sfdjf;gfdf, df]xsf] lg›fdf, ljifox¿sf] lg›fdf / cGwsf/df 8'la/x]sf]
x'G5 ToxfF 1fgL k'?if hflu/x]sf] x'G5 . of] s[i0fn] klxn] klg rrf{ ul/;s]sf] ljifo xf] . hfu[t
JolQmsf] lz/ k5fl8 k|sfzsf] 3]/f (Aura) ;w“}+ x'G5 . To:t} eujfg\ / l;4 JolQmsf] t:jL/df
lz/sf] k5fl8 Pp6f k|sfzsf] 3]/f (Aura) ;w}+ b]lvG5 . hf] 1fgL cfˆgf] k|sfzsf af/]df hfGb5g\,
pgLx¿ k|sfzsf] cj:yf klg hfGg ;S5g\ . To:t} xfdL h:tf lg›fdf /xg] JolQm;Fu klg Pp6f
cGwsf/sf] 3]/f ;wF} ;“+u} rN5 . xfd|f] k|To]s s[To lg›fdf g} x'G5 . >Ls[i0fsf] egfOsf] bf];|f] cy{–
lg›fdf ePsf] JolQm h:t} pxL s'/fsf] k'g/fj[lQ hfu[t k'?ifn] ub}{g eGg] xf] .
t];|f] cfofd lg›fdf xfdL h] u5f}{+ / h] x'G5f“},+ To;sf af/]df xfdL cgle1 x'G5f“} . sfd ubf{
o;sf] ljrf/ x'Fb}g≤ sfd ePkl5 dfq of] s;/L daf6 eof] eg]/ kZrfQfk u5f}{+ . Pp6L :qL
a]xf];Ld} l;+uf/k6f/ u/]/ a]9Ësf] sk8f, cgfjZos cfj/0fdf ;lhP/ ;8sdf lgl:slG5g\ . pgnfO{
o;sf] kl/0ffd s] x'G5 eGg] yfxf g} x'Fb}g . ;8sdf pgnfO{ wSsf nfUg ;S5, dflg;x¿n] 3'/]/ x]g{
;S5g\ eGg] pgnfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g lsgeg] pgL lg›fdf tof/ ePsL lyOg\, cGoyf pgnfO{ wSsf
nfu]df Tof] d]/f] sf/0fn] xf] eGg]] cg'ej x'g ;SYof] t/ lg›fsf] sf/0f pgnfO{ yfxf g} x'Fb}g . ;+odL
1fgL k'?if ;bf hfu[t x'G5 . hfu[t cj:yfdf /xg] ePsfn] pm lg›fdf /x]sf] JolQmsf] h:tf]
cfr/0f ub}{g . p;df cxª\sf/ klg xF'b}g . lg/xª\sf/ JolQm ;b}j hfu/0fdf x'G5 .
cfk"o{df0fdrnk|lti7+–
;d'b|dfkM k|ljzlGt oåt\ .
tåTsfdf o+ k|ljzlGt ;j]{
; zflGtdfKgf]lt g sfdsfdL ..&)..
lgTo kl/k"0f{ / crn /x]sf] ;d'›df p;nfO{ ljrlnt gu/L h;/L gbLx¿ k|j]z u5{g\ /
ljno x'G5g\, To;}u/L b[9 lrQ ePsf JolQmsf Åbodf klg OR5fx¿ lgTo pAhG5g\ / lanfpF5g\ .
l:y/ lrQ ePsf JolQmn] zflGt kfpF5g\ t/ ljifodf lnKt dflg;n] zflGt kfpFb}gg\ ..
ljxfo sfdfGoM ;jf{Gk'df+Zr/lt lgM:k[xM .
lgd{df] lg/xÍf/M ; zflGtdlwuR5lt ..&!..
h;n] ef}lts sfdgfx¿nfO{ ToflulbG5, hf] OR5fx¿af6 d'Qm 5, h;n] ddtfnfO{ Tofu]sf] 5,
hf] cxª\sf/z"Go 5 / hf] :k[xf/lxt eP/ lxF8\5 To;n] dfq jf:tljs zflGt k|fKt ug{;S5 ..
Piff a|fXdL l:yltM kfy{ g}gf+ k|fKo ljd'Xolt .
l:yTjf:ofdGtsfn]˜lk a|Xdlgjf{0fd[R5lt ..&@..
ef}lts rfxgfaf6 d'Qm hLjg g} cfWoflTds tyf O{Zj/Lo hLjgsf] dfu{ xf] h;nfO{ k|fKt
u/]kl5 dflg; df]lxt x'bF }gg\ ..

nf]suLtf– 73
cWofo–@
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5— x] ch{'g Û h;/L dxf;fu/ cgGt gbLx¿nfO{ cfkm"df ;dflxt u/L
clnslt klg dof{bf lal;{+b}g, kl/jlt{t x'Fb}g, klxn] h:tf] lyof] p:t} /xG5 To;}u/L a|F≈dL l:yltdf
ePsf] JolQm hLjgsf] ;Dk"0f{ ef]u ckl/jlt{t ¿kn] ef]Ug'cl3 h:tf] lyof] ef]ukl5 klg p:t} x'G5 .
hf] ef]u]/ klg ef]Stf x'Fb}g o:tf] JolQm d'lQm cyf{t\ a|fXdL cj:yfdf k|fKt x'G5 . o:tf dflg;
hLjgsf] cGTodf klg a|F≈dL l:yltdf l:yt eP/ a|XdfgGbnfO{ k|fKt u5{g\ .
ch{'gsf] lh1f;f d'lQmsf] geP/ s]jn o'4af6 aRg] dfq lyof] . ch{'gn] g;f]w] klg >Ls[i0f
ch{'gsf] lh1f;fnfO{ d'lQm cyf{t\ df]Ifsf] lh1f;fdf ¿kfGtl/t ul/lbg'x'G5 . ;fwf/0ftof dg'io
df]Ifsf] xf]Og ;+zosf] g} lh1f;f k|s6 u5{ t/ p;sf] ;+zosf] lh1f;fleq df]Ifsf] lh1f;f klg
n's]sf] x'G5, hf] JolQmnfO{ yfxf g} x'Fb}g . s'g} JolQmn] wg vf]Hbf klg ulx/fOdf cfGtl/s
bl/›tf;d]t x6fpg vf]h]sf] x'G5 . r]i6f p;sf] bl/› g/x"F eGg]] x'G5 . kbnf]n'k klg leq
cfTdxLgtf gxf];\ eg]/ kb vf]lh/x]sf] x'G5 . vf]Hg rflxF unt 7fpFdf vf]lh/x]sf] x'G5 t/
cfTdxLgtfaf6 d'lQm g} vf]lh/x]sf] x'G5 . ch{'gh:tf] JolQm o'4af6 efUg rfxG5g\ hf] ulx/fOdf
lrGtf, kL8faf6 efUg vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ .
>Ls[i0fn] ltd|f] d'lQmsf] lh1f;f eg]/ ch{'gnfO{ unt lbzfdf xf]Og, ;xL lbzfdf d'lQmsf]
vf]h ug{ ;'emfj lbg'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– dxf;fu/ hxfF cgGt gbLx¿ cfpF5g\ / hfG5g\ t/
To;n] dxf;fu/nfO{ s'g} :kz{ ub}{g, To:t} eof} eg] ltdL a|fXdL l:yltdf k|fKt x'g] 5f} . >Ls[i0f
ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL dxf;fu/ h:t} ag hxfF hlt gbLsf hn ylkFbf / gylkFbf klg ;d'›sf]
hn jf ulx/fOdf s'g} km/s kb}{g . pm lgZrn ¿kdf cfˆgf] l:yltdf /xG5 . ltdL klg ltd|f] h'g
vf]h Pjd\ Wo]o 5, To;nfO{ ;xL lbzfdf vf]h . o;f] ubf{ ltd|f] cj:yf a|fXdL jf a|Xd h:t}x'g]
5 . hxfF …dÚ ;dfKt eP/ a|Xd dfq /xG5 ToxfF s'g} lrGtf / kL8f /xFb}g lsgeg] ;Dk"0f{ lrGtf,
kL8f …dÚ ;Fu dfq x'G5 . ;f/f b'v …dÚ sf] ;[hgf xf] . cxª\sf/sf] lj;{hg ePdf ToxfF b'v klg
/xFb}g ;fy} ToxfF d[To' klg x'Gg lsgeg] d[To' t s]jn …d]/f]Ú dfq x'G5 . …dÚ dfq hGdG5, a|Xdsf]
hGd / d[To' x'Fb}g s]jn a|Xd dfq x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] ef}lts sfdgfx¿ ToflulbG5, hf] OR5fx¿af6 d'Qm 5, ddtfnfO{
Tofu]sf] 5, hf] cxª\sf/ z'Go / :k[xf/lxt eP/ lxF8\5 To;n] jf:tljs zflGt k|fKt x'G5 / pm
df]lxt x'Fb}g . ch{'gsf] ljiffbn] el/Psf] lrQaf6 ;'? ePsf] uLtfsf] bf];|f] cWofodf eujfg\
>Ls[i0fn] ;fª\Voof]usf] rrf{sf ;fy} a|fXdL l:ylt hxfF cfgGb dfq 5, To;sf] rrf{ ug{'ePsf] 5 .
ch{'g h:tf] JolQm ljiffbdf pknAw x'g' ;+;f/sf nflu cxf]efUo xf] lsgeg] o:tf] ;Tkfqdf ePsf]
ljiffbsf] cj:yfaf6 g} 1fg l;s]/ x/]s dflg; lzv/df k'Ug ;S5 . ch{'g cfkm"df pTkGg ljiffbsf]
cf}iflw vf]Hg olb dgf]j}1flgssxfF k'u]sf eP pgnfO{ dgf]j}1flgsn] ;dfof]hg u/fpFy] / eGy]–
o'4df ;fdfGotM x/]snfO{ o:t} ljiffbsf] cg'e"lt x'G5 t/ >Ls[i0f hf] dxfg\ dgf]lrlsT;s x'g'x'G5,
pxfFn] ch{'gnfO{ ;dfof]hg xf]Og, pgsf] ljiffbnfO{ l;h{gfTds pkof]u ug{'eof] / pgnfO{ dfly
lzv/df n}hfg] k|of; ug{'eof] . 1fgn] ;b}j clezfknfO{ j/bfg t'NofpF5 . ch{'gleq ljsl;t hf]
clezfk lyof] >Ls[i0fn] To;nfO{ j/bfg agfpg] r]i6f ug{'eof] . pgsf] b'vsf] klg l;h{gfTds
pkof]u ug{'eof] . To;}n] >Ls[i0fsf] dgf]lj1fg l;h{gfTds dgf]lj1fg xf] .

nf]suLtf– 74
 cWofo–@
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] ;fª\Voof]uf] gfd
låtLof]›WofoM ..@..

nf]suLtf– 75
cWofo–@

nf]suLtf– 76
 cWofo–#
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
t];|f] cWofo
sd{of]uM

ch{'g pjfr
Hofo;L r]Tsd{0f:t] dtf a'l4h{gfb{g .
tlTs+ sd{l0f 3f]/] df+ lgof]hol; s]zj ..!..
ch{'gn] eg]– x] hgfb{g Û xh'/sf ljrf/df olb ;sfd sd{eGbf a'l4of]u g} pQd xf] eg] dnfO{
of] 3f]/ cGwsf/ -o'4_ df cy{fTf\ ;sfd sd{lt/ nufpg lsg rfxg'x'G5 <
>Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ o;eGbf klxn] ;fª\Voof]usf af/]df atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . ;fª\Vosf
cg';f/ h] kfpg'kg]{ 5 Tof] kfOPs} 5, h] hfGg'kg]{ 5 Tof] klg hflgPs} 5 / r}tGonfO{ xfdLn]
slxNo} x/fPsf 5}gf}+“ lsgeg] ToxL g} xfd|f] :j¿k xf] . hLjgsf] ;To sd{n] kfOG5 eg] Tof] xfdLnfO{
cfh k|fKt x'Fb}g, sd{ u/]kl5 dfq k|fKt x'G5 . sd{n] ;To k|fKt x'g] xf] eg] Tof] xfd|f] :jefj x'Fb}g .
;To sd{ u/]/ k|fKt x'g] j:t' xf]Og . hLjgsf] ;To ;b}j pknAw 5 / xfdLn] rfx]/ klg To;nfO{
x6fpg ;Sb}gf}“+ lsgeg] Tof] xfd|f] k|f0f xf] . xfdLnfO{ ;Tosf] lj:d[lt dfq ePsf] 5 . Tof] xfdL;Fu
;bf ljBdfg eP klg To;nfO{ cg'ej ug{ ;ls/x]sf 5}gf“}+ . xfdLn] 9f]sf aGb u/]sf sf/0f ;"o{sf]
k|sfzleq l5g{ g;s]sf] xf] . Tof] k|sfz kfpg xfdLn] s]jn 9f]sf vf]n] dfq k'U5 . ch{'g ;f]Wb}
5Gf\– olb h] hfGgof]Uo 5, Tof] hflgPs} 5 / hLjgsf] d'lQm olb 1fgdf g} lge{/ 5 eg] xh'/ dnfO{
lsg eoÍ/ sd{df ws]Nb} x'g'x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ ;fª\Vosf] b[li6 ;DemfpFbf klg ch{'gn] To;nfO{ a''‰g g;s]/ gofF
k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wb} 5Gf\ . ;+;f/df dg'io hfltn] hfg]sf lgi7fx¿nfO{ ;fª\Vo / of]u b'O{ efudf ljeQm ug{
;lsG5 . ;fª\Vosf] lgi7fdf ;To s]jn 1fgn] dfq hfGg ;lsG5 . To;sf nflu s'g} s[To, sd{ tyf
k|of; jf ;fwgfsf] cfjZostf 5}g . xfdLn] s]xL x/fPsf 5}gf“}+, s]jn :d[lt dfq u'dfPsf 5f}+“≤
To;}n] k'gM ;Demg' g} kof{Kt x'G5 . of]usf] dfGotfdf s]xL s[To jf ;fwgf gu/L ;To k|fKt xF'b}g
To;}n] s'g} g s'g} sd{sf] cfjZostf x'G5 . t;y{ c1fgtf x6fpg klg s'g} sd{ ug{' g} k5{ .
of]usf cg';f/ xfdL cGwsf/df x'g'sf] ;fy} l;qmLn] klg afFlwPsf 5f}+“ / Tof] l;qmL gsf6];Dd
:jtGqtf k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g . ;fª\Von] c1fg cFWof/f] h:tf] 5 hf] aQL afn]kl5 tTsfn k|sfzdo x'G5
eGb5 t/ of]un] c1fgsf] klg cl:tTj 5 h;nfO{ sf6\g'k5{, lbof] afn]/ dfq x6fpg ;lsGg
eGb5 . >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ bf];|f] cWofodf ;fª\Volgi7fsf af/]df atfpFb} 1fg g} kof{Kt 5 Pjd\
1fg k/d / clGtd ;To xf] eGg'ePsf] 5 . ;f]qm]l6hn] klg 1fg g} rl/q xf], hfGg' g} kof{Kt x'G5,
s]xL ul//xg' cfjZos 5}g / hfg]kl5 xfdL d'Qm x'G5f}+ eg]sf 5g\ . untnfO{ unt hfGg]lalQs}
Tof] tTsfn ;dfKt x'G5 . 1fg cfkm"df k"0f{ 5 / s'g} sd{sf] cfjZostf 5}g eGg] ;fª\Vosf] wf/0ff
/x]sf] 5 .
ch{'g ;f]lw/x]sf 5g\– x] eujg\ Û olb 1fg kof{Kt 5 jf hfGg' g} kof{Kt 5 eg] dnfO{ of]
eoª\s/ sd{df lsg plqg afWo kfb{} x'g'x'G5 . ch{'gn] ;fª\Vosf k|:yfkgfx¿nfO{ a'em]/ 1fgsf]
kof{Kttfsf af/]df eg]sf xf]OgGf\ a? pgL o'4af6 efUg rfxG5Gf\ . To;}n] pgn] >Ls[i0fsf] egfOsf
cf8df efUg] ts{ kfPsf 5Gf\ . xfdLx¿ cfkm"n] ug]{ k|To]s sfddf To;sf] cfwf/ k|dfl0ft u/]/
nf]suLtf– 77
cWofo–#
ts{af6 k'li6 ug{ vf]H5f+}“ . ch{'gnfO{ 1fgsf ;DaGwdf s'g} cfsif{0f ePsf] 5}g . pgL t s]jn
o'4af6 eoeLt eP/ To;af6 efUg] af6f] vf]Hb} 5Gf\ t/ 8/sf sf/0f efUg vf]h]sf] s'/f dfGg tof/
5}gGf\ . t;y{ To;dfly ts{ ug{ vf]Hb} 5g\ . 1fgk|flKtsf nflu ch{'gn] of] eg]sf eP >Ls[i0f
tTsfn pgL;Fu ;xdt x'g'x'GYof] t/ >Ls[i0fn] a'‰g'ePsf] 5– ch{'gsf] hf]8 1fg kfpgdf xf]Og,
o'4af6 efUgdf 5 . ch{'gsf] egfOn] xfdLx¿ ;a}sf] k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] 5 lsgeg] xfdLx¿ ;a}
cfˆgf] egfOnfO{ s'g} g s'g} ts{n] k'li6 ug{ vf]H5f“}+ .
k|mfo8n] o; ;DaGwdf cfˆgf] vf]hdf eg]sf 5g\– dg'iodf OR5f klxn] clg ts{ ;b}j kl5
cyf{t\ jf;gf klxn] / bz{g kl5 cfpF5 . To;}n] t dflg; h] ug{ rfxG5 To;sf nflu ts{sf]
vf]hL u5{ . p;nfO{ zf]if0f, rf]/L, xTof, Jolerf/ h] ug{'k/] klg To;sf nflu ts{sf] cfwf/ vf]H5 .
To;}n] k|mfo8sf ljrf/df dflg; tfls{s / a'l4dfGf\ 5}g s]jn a'l4hLjL h:tf] dfq b]lvG5 .
;fª\Vosf] b[li6 ch{'gnfO{ l7s nfu]sf] eP 1fg g} kof{Kt 5 eg]/ pgL k|Zg g;f]wL >Ls[i0fnfO{
jGbgf u/]/ o'4 TofUb} ;Tosf] vf]hdf lg:sGy] . pgn] a'em]/ of] eg]sf eP >Ls[i0fn] pgnfO{
/f]Sg'x'g] lyPg t/ ch{'gnfO{ ;fª\Vosf] 1fg g} kof{Kt xf] eGg] ;"q knfogsf nflu dfWod ag]sf]
5 . oyfy{df pgnfO{ 1fg;Fu s]xL lng' lbg' 5}g . ;fª\Vosf] lgi7f k/d lgi7f xf] lsgeg] olb 1fg
k|fKt eof] eg] hLjgdf c¿ s]xL ug{ afFsL /xFb}g .
ch{'gnfO{ olb 1fg k|fKt ePsf] eP ca o'4 eoª\s/ emGem6 gnfu]/ v]nh:t} nfUg] lyof] .
o'4 ug{' k/dfTdfn] pgnfO{ lbPsf] lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ lgolt x'g] lyof] . ch{'gnfO{ 1fg ePsf] eP pgn]
u/]sf sd{ nLnf x'g] lyP / pgL Pp6f cleg]tf dfq x'g] lyP . t/ pgnfO{ 1fg ePsf] 5}g . To;}n]
>Ls[i0fn] 1fgf]kb]znfO{ cem} lg/Gt/tf lbg'kg{] ePsf] 5 . ch{'g ;Tkfq eOlbPsf eP >Ls[i0fsf]
1fgf]kb]z uLtfsf] bf];|f] cWofodf g} ;dfKt x'GYof] t/ ch{'gsf] kfqtf l;4 ePg . ca >Ls[i0fn]
>]i7eGbf tn cf]ln{P/ pkb]z ug{'kg{] x'G5 lsgeg] ch{'g hxfF lyP, k'gM ToxL lkmtf{ eP . 1fgdf
s'g} k|Zg g} p7\b}g lsgeg] 1fg k|Zg/lxt df}g tyf z"Go x'G5 . ;fª\Von] sd{ :jKgeGbf a9\tf
xf]Og eGb5 t/ To;n] ch{'gdf :d[lt k}bf ug{ ;s]g . t;y{ pgL ce}m k|Zg ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;
hut\df JolQm Psy/L ;fª\Vodf / csf]{y/L lgisfd sd{of]udf lgi7f/t 5g\ / b'j} lgi7fdf /x]sf
JolQmx¿ cf–cfˆgf dfu{af6 d'Qm x'g ;S5g\ . sfn{ u':tfkm h'ª\un] klg dflg;nfO{ cGtd{'vL /
alxd{'vL u/L b'O{ ju{df ljeflht u/]sf 5g\ . cGtd{'vL JolQmsf nflu ;fª\Vo pko'Qm x'G5 eg]
alxd{'vL JolQmsf nflu lgisfd sd{of]u pko'Qm x'G5 . of] dg''iosf b'O{ ju{sf] cfd e]b xf] t/ s'g}
klg JolQm k"0f{ cGtd{'vL jf k"0f{ alxd{'vL x'g ;Sb}gGf\ .
ch{'g alxd{'vL JolQm x'Gf\ . To;}n] pgnfO{ ;fª\Vosf] lgi7fn] k|efljt t'Nofpg ;s]g . pgL
ljz'4 Iflqo x'g\ t/ k|Zg a|fXd0fsf] h:tf] ub{} 5g\ . o'4sf] d}bfgdf klg u'?s'ndf h:t} k|Zg ;f]Wb}
5g\ . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] a8f] cGtb{[li6sf s'/f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'eof]– olb ltdLnfO{ ;fFRr} g} a|fXd0fsf]
h:tf] 1fg k}bf eO;s]sf] eP ;fª\Vosf] b[li6 ltd|f nflu kof{Kt x'g] lyof] o;}n] o:tf] knfog x'g
rfxg] b[li6sf]0f ltdLnfO{ ;'xfpFb}g . ;fª\Vosf] wf/0ff ch'{gn] ga''em]sf sf/0fn] bf];|f] cWofodf
>Ls[i0fn] eg]sf s'/f ;a} Joy{ eP . ch'{gnfO{ a'emfpg ;lsPnf eg]/ >Ls[i0f ca Ps–Ps l;F9L
tn cf]ln{P/ s'/f ug'{x'G5 . o; clusf ;fª\Vosf s'/f ch{'gsf nflu Joy{ eP . uLtf Pp6f cb\e't
u|Gy xf] hf] c¿ u|GyeGbf leGg / ljlzi6 5 lsgeg] uLtfdf >Ls[i0fn] dg'io hfltnfO{ d'lQm k|fKt
ug{ ;Sg] ;Dk"0f{ dfu{x¿sf] lgb]{z ug{'ePsf] 5 . >Ls[i0fn] k|To]s dfu{nfO{ k"0f{tfdf cfTd;\ft\ u/]/

nf]suLtf– 78
 cWofo–#
To;nfO{ ;du|tfdf atfpg'ePsf] 5 . ch{'gnfO{ dfWod agfP/ >Ls[i0fn] k|To]s dg'iosf lglDt
d'lQmsf] åf/ vf]lnlbg'ePsf] 5 .
uLtfnfO{ ljleGg JolQmx¿n] cf–cfˆgf 9Ëaf6 lrq0f ug{] k|oTg u/]sf 5g\ / cfˆgf] dfu{
>]i7 xf] egL :yflkt klg u/]sf 5g\ . elQmdfu{sf JolQmn] k"/f uLtfnfO{ elQmn] el/lbPsf 5g\ .
ljz]if u/L /fdfg'h, jNne, lgDafs{ cflbsf uLtfsf efio / 6Lsfx¿df elQmsf] k|wfGftf pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 . ptf cflbzÍ/frfo{h:tf 1fgLx¿n] 1fg lgsfn]/ k"/f uLtfdf 1fgsf] k|wfgtfsf] rrf{
u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} nf]sdfGo ltnsh:tf sd{jfbLx¿n] sd{nfO{ lgsfn]/ k"/f uLtfnfO{ sd{do
agfpg] k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . t/ s;}n] klg uLtf ;d:t dfu{x¿sf] ;|f]t xf] eGg] s'/f a''‰g ;s]sf
5}gg\ . >Ls[i0f h'g dfu{sf] j0f{g ug{'x'G5 ToxL dfu{ k/d xf] eGg'x'G5 . ;fª\Vo ch{'gsf lglDt Joy{
l;4 eof] . pxfF ca csf]{ dfu{sf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 / k'gM To; dfu{nfO{ k/d pTs[i6 eGg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
s;}sf nflu of] l7s s;}sf nflu csf]{ l7s eGg'x'Gg lsgeg] ch{'g k"/f clgZrosf] dfgl;stfdf
5g\ . pgnfO{ b'j} l7s elgof] eg] pgsf] clglZrttf emGf\ k|uf9 x'g] 5 . To;}n] k|To]s lgi7f k"0f{
¿kdf ch{'gsf] a'l4df plqg ;sf]:f\ eg]/ >Ls[i0fn] ljleGg dfu{x¿sf af/]df lgZrok"j{s
eGg'ePsf] xf] .
;To;Dd k'Ug ;Sg] ;a} dfu{x¿sf af/]df >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxfF
eGg'x'G5– h'g JolQmnfO{ h] l7s xf] Tof] To; JolQmsf nflu k/d ¿kdf l7s xf], afFsL p;sf nflu
unt xf] . of] s'g} dfu{sf] csf]{ dfu{;Fu t'ngf xf]Og . h'g dfu{ h;nfO{ pko'Qm x'G5 p;sf nflu
ToxL dfu{ >]i7 x'G5 . cfˆgf] :jefj cg';f/sf] dfu{ g} pko'Qm x'G5 . uLtf eujfg\sf] jrg
uLtuf]ljGb o;sf/0f x'g;Sof] ls k|ltkn >Ls[i0fn] h] eGg'eof] To;;Fu >Ls[i0f k"0f{ ¿kn] PsfTd
x'g'eof] . ;fª\Vosf] s'/f ubf{ pxfF ;fª\Vok|lt g} lgi7fjfg\ x'g'eof] . ca sd{sf] s'/f ubf{ pxfF
sd{of]uL x'g'x'g] 5, elQmsf] s'/fdf pxfF dxfGf\ eQm x'g'x'Gf] 5 . uLtfsf] s'g} klg cWofo csf]{
cWofo;Fu / s'g} klg lgi7f csf]{ lgi7f;Fu t'ngLo xf]Og . of] t JolQmsf k|sf/ jf :jefj
adf]lhd h'g lgi7fn] lrQ ;Gt'i6 u/fpF5 Tof] JolQmsf nflu ToxL dfu{ >]i7s/ x'G5 . cGtd{'vL
JolQmn] z"Godf clGtd ¿k k|fKt ub{5 eg] alxd{'vL JolQmn] k"0f{tfdf clGtd ¿k k|fKt ub{5 .
cGttM z"Go / k'0o b'j} Ps} cy{ /fV5g\ .
Jofld>]0f]j jfSo]g a'l4+ df]xo;Lj d] .
tb]s+ jb lglZrTo o]g >]of]˜xdfKg'ofd\ ..@..
æo'4 u/ . sd{ ug{df dfq ltd|f] clwsf/ 5 ;sfd sd{eGbf a'l4of]u >]i7 5Æ eGg] h:tf
xh'/sf cg]sf}+“ cy{ nfUg] jfSo jf b'lawfo'Qm egfOn] d]/f] a'l4 cndlnof]≤ cem egF" d e|ddf k/]“ .
o;y{ h'g s'/fn] d]/f] jf:tljs sNof0f x'G5 ToxL s'/f lgZro u/]/ dnfO{ eGg'xf];\ ..
ch{'g Pp6f sNof0fsf/L dfu{ lglZrt u/]/ dnfO{ atfpg'xf]:f\ tfls ;a} aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'g
;s""F egL >Ls[i0f;Fu cg'/f]w ub}{ 5g\ . s[i0fn] k"0f{ lgZrosf ;fy ;fª\Volgi7fsf af/]df atfpg'
eP klg ch{'gsf] clgZro d]l6g ;s]g . ch{'gsf] JolQmTj;Fu ;fª\Vosf] tfnd]n x'g ;s]g . leq
aGwgdf /x]sf] jf ljrlnt lrQn] lgZroeGbf klg clgZrosf] vf]hL u5{ . ha;Dd lrQ l:y/
x'Fb}g ta;Dd lgZro k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g . s[i0fsf] lglZrt jrgdf klg ch{'g cem lglZrt dfu{
vf]Hb} 5g\ . lrQ lglZrt x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/fsf] efg pgnfO{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lrQ jf l;4fGt
xf]Og r]tgf lglZrt x'G5 eGg] s'/f pgn] a'em]sf 5}gg\ . ch{'g xfdL ;a}sf] dgsf k|tLs x'g\ .
clglZrt dgaf6 lgZro kfpg} ;lsFb}g . s[i0fh:tf lglZrt ljrf/ k|s6 ug]{ JolQm ch{'gn] kfpg

nf]suLtf– 79
cWofo–#
;Sb}gg\ . t/ klg pgL o'4 u/ sd{ ug{df dfq ltd|f] clwsf/ 5 ;sfd sd{eGbf a'l4of]u >]i7 5
eGg] h:tf cg]sf}F cy{ nfUg] b'lawfo'Qm egfOn] d]/f] a'l4 cndlnof] . t;y{ d]/f] sNof0fsf nflu
s'g dfu{ >]i7 5, lgZrok"j{s atfpg'xf];\ egL ;f]Wb5g\ . ch{'gn] xfdL ;a}nfO{ s[kf u/]sf 5g\
lsgeg] pgn] xfd|f k|Zgx¿ p7fPsf 5g\ / s[i0fn] tL k|ZgnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ hfg'ePsf] 5 . ljleGg
:jwd{df lgi7fjfg\ JolQmx¿sf] sNof0fsf nflu klg >Ls[i0fsf jrgx¿ ;fy{s x'g] 5g\ .
>Ls[i0fnfO{ s;}n] Åbob]lv g} k'sf/]df pxfF ;a}sf] p4f/sf nflu s[kfk"j{s jrg k|bfg ug{' x'g] 5 .
>Leujfg'jfr
nf]s]˜l:dlGåljwf lgi7f k'/f k|f]Qmf dofg3 .
1fgof]u]g ;fª\Vofgf+ sd{of]u]g of]lugfd\ ..#..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof] x] lgikfk Û o; nf]sdf b'O{ k|sf/sf] lgi7f d}n] klxn] eg]sf] 5' . tLdWo]
;fª\Vo of]uLx¿sf] lgi7fn] 1fgof]u / sd{of]uLx¿sf] lgi7fn] sd{of]u x'G5 ..
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ lgikfk egL ;Daf]wg ug{'x'G5 . of] dgf]j}1flgs ;Daf]wg xf] .
dgf]lj1fgsf cg';f/ lrQdf hlt kfk, ck/fw, xLgtf x'G5 Tolt g} clg0f{o k}bf x'G5 . kfkLsf]
lrQ clg0f{on] el/Psf] x'G5 . s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ cfZj:t t'Nofpg rfxg'x'G5 . To;}n] lgikfk egL
;Daf]wg ug{'x'G5 . dg'ionfO{ kfkn] sd ;tfpF5, a? d}n] kfk u/]+ eGg] efjn] a9L ;tfpF5 . t;y{
>Ls[i0f eGg''x'G5– x] lgikfk ch'{g Û o; nf]sdf b'O{ k|sf/sf lgi7fx¿ x'G5g\ . ;fª\Vo of]uLx¿sf]
lgi7fn] 1fgof]u / sd{of]uLx¿sf] lgi7fn] sd{of]u x'G5 .
lh;; eGg'x'G5– h;n] cfˆgf] kfk :jLsf/ u5{ Tof] JolQm kfkaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . xfdL kfk
n'sfpg rfxG5f}+“ t/ h;n] k|s6 u¥of] Tof] kfk d'Qm x'G5 . pxfFn] kfknfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ lalQs}
kfkaf6 d'Qm x'g] dgf]j}1flgs k|lqmof lbg'eof] . kfk JoQm ubf{ d'Qm eOG5 eGg] ljZjf; JolQmdf
hufpg ;lsof] eg] eljiodf kfk ug]{ ;Defjgf IfL0f x'G5 . olb rf]/nfO{ klg rf/}lt/af6 jf:tjdf
ltdL rf]/ xf]Ogf} eGg] efjgf k|bfg ug{ ;lsof] eg] p;sf] rf]/ x'g] ;Defjgf x6\5 . xfdL lxGb"x¿
uËfdf g'xfPkl5 ;a} kfkaf6 d'Qm xf]OG5 eGg] ljZjf; u5f}{+ . uËfsf] kfgLn] kfk kvflng] xf]Og
a? o;df Pp6f dgf]j}1flgs ;To 5 . s'g} dflg;n] kfk kvfNg uËfdf >4fk"j{s :gfg u¥of] eg]
p;nfO{ k'gM kfk ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 . uËfn] t s]xL ug]{ xf]Og, t/ lgi7fk"j{s lgikfk x'G5' eg]/ g''xfPdf
p;sf] dgl:ylt kl/jt{g x'g ;S5 . lgikfk x'g] efjn] lglZrttfdf k'¥ofpF5 . >Ls[i0fh:tf]
JolQmaf6 ha lgikfk eg]/ ch{'gnfO{ ;Daf]wg ul/of], Toltv]/ ;fob ch{'gnfO{ uËfdf :gfg u/]sf]
cg'e"lt eof] xf]nf . s[i0fh:tf] JolQmn] zAbdf xf]Og, k"0f{tfdf ;Daf]wg ug{'x'G5 . of] ;'g]/ ch{'g
lglZrGt ePsf] x'g'k5{ . s[i0f km]l/ ch{'gnfO{ klxn] em}+ ;fª\Voof]u -1fgof]u_ / lgisfd sd{of]u b'O{
k|sf/sf lgi7f ePsf] atfpg'x'G5 .
g sd{0ffdgf/DefGg}isDo{+ k'?iff]˜Zg't] .
g r ;GGo;gfb]j l;l4+ ;dlwuR5lt ..$..
dflg;n] lglb{i6 sd{ ;Dkfbg gugf{n] g sd{kmnaf6 d'lQm kfpF5, g t sd{ / ;GGof;
Tofuåf/f k"0f{ l;l4 k|fKt ug{ ;S5 ..
sd{ gugf{n] dflg; lgisfd sd{of]uL x'g ;Sb}g Pjd\ sd{nfO{ Tofu ugf{n] eujt\
;fIffTsf/ klg x'g ;Sb}g . >Ls[i0f a8f] cb\e't s''/f eGg'x'G5– sd{nfO{ 5f8]/ efUgfn] sf]xL
lgisd{tfdf pknAw x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] lgisfd sd{of]u eg]sf] sd{sf] cefj xf]Og . dg'ion]
lglb{i6 sd{ ;Dkfbg gugf{n] g sd{ kmnaf6 d'lQm kfpF5, g t sd{ ;Gof; Tofuåf/f k"0f{ l;l4

nf]suLtf– 80
 cWofo–#
k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . xfd|f ;GGof;Lx¿ hf] 3/ 5f]8]/ jf sd{ gu/L a:g] k|j[lQsf 5g\ ltgLx¿nfO{ o;
jrgaf6 7'nf] cf3ft k'Ug ;S5 . sd{nfO{ 5f]8]/ efUgfn] lgisfd sd{ kmlnt x'g ;Sb}g . sd{
gug{'nfO{ g} xfdL lgisd{ eG5f“}+ cyf{t\ xfdLn] lgliqmotfnfO{ lgisd{ dflg/x]sf 5f}+“ . olb lgliqmotf
g} lgisfd sd{ xf] eg] Hofb} cN5L klg lgisfd sd{of]udf pknAw x'g ;Sy] . d'bf{x¿ klg lgisfd
sd{df pknAw x'Gy] / 9'Ëfx¿ t emg\ k/dfTdfsf] ;fIffTsf/df g} x'Gy] xf]nf .
stf{/lxt sd{ lgisfd sd{ xf] . sd{ h;leq ug]{jfnf ljBdfg 5}g, Tof] sd{ lgisfd sd{
xf] . lgisfd sd{ sd{sf] cefj xf]Og, stf{kgsf] cefj xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û olb
ltdLn] stf{sf] efj sd{af6 5f]8\5f} eg] ltd|f s'g} klg sd{ sd{ /xFb}gg\ . olb ltdL æd stf{ x'FÆ
eg]/ dfG5f} / o'4af6 efu]/ uof} eg] klg ltd|f] sd{ lgisfd sd{ x'Fb}g . To;}n] stf{kg ljBdfg 5
eg] efUg', TofUg' b'j} sd{ x'g\ . stf{kg 5}g eg] h'g;'s} sd{ klg lgisfd sd{ aG5g\ . stf{kg
g/xg] lalQs} stf{ k/dfTdf x'G5 . stf{tŒj gx'g] lalQs} sd{ t x'G5 t/ kmnfsfª\Iffsf] ljlIfKttf
x'Fb}g / ;kmntf– c;kmntfsf] lrGtf klg /xFb}g . o:tf] sd{ km"nh:tf] cfgGbbfoL eP/ lgef{/
x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL sd{ 5f]8]/ efUg vf]lh/x]sf 5f}, olb efu]/ uof} eg] klg
ltdLnfO{ lgisfd sd{ kmlnt x'g ;Sb}g . lglb{i6 sd{nfO{ Tofu]/ jf ;+;f/nfO{ Tofu]/ k/dfTdfsf]
;fIffTsf/ x'G5 eGg] ;f]r unt xf] . d}n] of] Tofu]+ eGg'sf] cy{ o;df d]/f] clwsf/ lyof] eGg] xf] .
olt 5'› s'/fsf] Tofuaf6 k/dfTdf ;fIffTsf/ ug{ vf]Hg' d"v{tf xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{ jf
;+;f/sf] Tofun] k/dfTdf k|fKt x'Fb}g a? k/dfTdfsf] ;fIffTsf/ eof] eg] Tofu kmlnt x'G5 .
lj/f6\nfO{ hfg]kl5 5'› s;n] ;dfTg vf]H5 / Û >Ls[i0f lgZrofTds ¿kdf eGg'x'G5– sd{af6 efUg
jf 5'6\g ;lsFb}g lsgeg] ;GGof;Ln] klg t sd{ ug}{k5{, 3/ 5f]8]/ cf>d agfpg} k5{ . sd{af6
efUg lglZrt ¿kdf ;Dej 5}g / c;Dej rfxgfn] kfv08L dfq agfpF5 .
t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{ hf/L /fv / stf{kg 5f]8 . ltdL h;nfO{ d df5{' eg]/
7flg/x]sf 5f}, ltgLx¿ t klxn] g} dfl/O;s]sf 5g\ . ltdL h;nfO{ æd df5{' jf dflb{gFÆ eG5f}
pgLx¿ ;a} ltdLn] gdf/] klg cjZo dg]{ 5g\ . To;}n] ltdL d dfg]{jfnf jf ug]{jfnf x'F eGg] ;f]r
5f]8 . ch{'gleq d dfg]{jfnf x'F eGg] ;f]r 5 . d ;xefuL eOgF eg] o'4 /f]lsG5 eGg] ch{'gsf] ;f]r
5 t/ Tof] ;To xf]Og lsgeg] o'4 cgGt sf/0fdf lge{/ x'G5 . efUg vf]Hg' ch{'gsf] d"v{tf xf] .
ltd|f sf/0fn] of] ;a} eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] ;f]r Tofu lsgeg] hut\df ToxL x'G5 h] ;dli6n] rfxG5 .
of] ;a} lj/f6\sf] OR5fn] dfq x'G5 . ltdL t s]jn dfWod jf lgldQ dfq xf} . xfdL cgGtsf]
ljzfn wf/fdf s]jn ;fgf] t[0f xf}+ . ltdL stf{ xf]Ogf+}≤ of] hfg]/ sd{ u/ . k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t eP/
sd{ u¥of} eg] ltdLnfO{ kfkn] 5'g] 5}g, ltdL cstf{ x'g] 5f} / ltdLdf s'g} k|sf/sf] af]em x'g] 5}g .
cfWoflTds cy{df stf{sf] ljrf/ Ps dfq kfk xf] lsgeg] stf{ Pp6f dfq 5, Tof] k/dfTdf xf] .
sd{n] lrGtf NofpFb}g, stf{kgn] dfq lrGtf NofpF5 . ch{'g cfkm"nfO{ lg0ff{os dfGb} 5g\ t/
lg0ff{os t ;dli6 dfq x'G5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ Tofuaf6 xf]Og ;dk{0faf6 dfq kfpg ;lsG5 .
g lx slZrTIf0fdlk hft' lti7Tosd{s[t\ .
sfo{t] XojzM sd{ ;j{M k|s[lth}u{'0f}M ..%..
s'g} klg dflg; s'g} klg sfndf Ps If0f klg s'g} g s'g} sd{ gul//xg ;Sb}g lsgeg] ;f/f
dg''io ;d'bfo k|s[ltsf cj:yfaf6 pTkGg u'0fx¿sf] cwLgdf /xL p;n] ljjz eP/ sd{ ug}{ kb{5 ..
hLjg sd{ xf] / d[To' sd{sf] cefj xf] . hGd sd{sf] k|f/De xf] / d[To' sd{sf] cGTo xf] .
hLjg / sd{ kof{ojfrL x'g\ / hLjge/ sd{af6 aRg] s'g} pkfo 5}g . afFRgsf nflu ul/g] k|To]s

nf]suLtf– 81
cWofo–#
lqmof sd{ xf] . Zjf;k|Zjf; lng', p7\g', a:g' ;a} lqmof x'g\ . 3/af6 efu]/ hfFb}df s'g} JolQm
sd{af6 knfog x'g ;Sb}g . u[x:yx¿ Ps k|sf/sf sd{ u5{g\, eg] ;GGof;Lx¿ csf]{ k|sf/sf] sd{
u5{g\ . sd{ 5f]8\g] k|of; ug{' kfv08 xf] . To;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– s'g} klg dg'io PsIf0f klg s'g}
g s'g} sd{ gul//xg ;Q}mg, p;n] k|s[ltsf cj:yfaf6 pTkGg u'0fx¿sf] cwLgdf /xL sd{
ug{}k5{ .
uLtf s07:y ug]{ JolQmx¿n] klg o;sf] u"9 /x:o jf efj /fd|/L ga'em]sf] x'g;S5g\ .
jf:tjdf sd{ 5f]8\g ;lsFb}g tyflk ;GGof;Lx¿ sd{ 5f]8\g] k|of; ub{5g\ h;af6 pgLx¿df
kfv08tf / lgliqmotf b]lvG5 . sd{ 5f]8]/ efUg] JolQmx¿sf] sd{sf] pmhf{ cGoq hfg yfN5 .
To;}n] sd{nfO{ 5f]8\g] / efUg] k|of; gu/L stf{kgnfO{ 5f]8\g] sfo{ ug{'k5{ . xfdL …dÚ sf sf/0f
cfkm"nfO{ stf{ ePsf] ;lDemG5f}+ . ch{'gdf /x]sf] …dÚ efjsf sf/0f pgL kLl8t ePsf x'g\ . pgL
o'4df lx+;f x'G5, nfvf}+ of]4fx¿n] k|f0f u'dfpF5g\ eg]/ b'vL jf kLl8t ePsf xf]Ogg\ . a? pgL t
d]/f lk|ohg o'4df b'j}tkm{ n8\g cft'/ 5g\ / cfkmGt jf ldqx¿nfO{ d s;/L df¿F eGg] lrGtfn]
u|:t ePsf x'g\ . c¿sf] d[To'n] kL8f x'Fb}g, …d]/fÚ sf] d[To'df kL8f x'g] xf] lsgeg] …d]/fÚ sf] d[To'df
JolQmsf] …d]/f]Ú sf] Ps efu klg d5{ . hlt …d]/f]Ú sf] lj:tf/ x'G5, Tolt g} …dÚ efj ;3g x'G5 .
olb …dÚ efj ;dfKt eof] eg] …d]/f]Ú efj klg ;dfKt x'G5 . ch{'gsf] kL8f …dÚ / …d]/fÚ x'g\ . pgL
eG5g\– d]/f cfkmGt, ldq, gft]bf/x¿sf] d[To' eof] eg] d}n] /fHo j}ej k|fKt u/]/ klg s] ug''{ Û
pklgifb\n] eG5– sf]xL klg s;}sf nflu b'vL x'Fb}gg\, ;a} cfˆgf nflu g} b'vL ePsf x'g\ .
h'g h'g JolQmx¿af6 …dÚ nfO{ ;xf/f k|fKt x'G5 TfL TfL JolQm cfkmGt nfU5 . hf] d]/f] …dÚ nfO{
cf>o lbG5g\ ltgLx¿ ldq / hf] To;nfO{ vl08t ug{ vf]H5g\ ltgLx¿ zq' h:tf nfUb5g\ . To;}n]
h;sf] d ;dfKt x'G5, To;sf zq' / ldq b'j} ;dfKt x'G5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{af6 pGd'Qm
x'g ;Dej 5}g, To;}n] sd{af6 gefu . stf{sf] efj ;dfKt x'g] lalQs} sd{ k/dfTdfsf]
OR5fcg';f/ rN5 . JolQmsf] s'g} bfloTj g/x]kl5 pm lglj{sf/ eP/ lgef{/ x'G5 . k/dfTdfdf
stf{kg ck{0f u¥of] eg] /fd|f]–g/fd|f] b'j}sf] bfloTj k/dfTdfsf] g} x'G5 . k/dfTdfdf st{[Tj 5f]8\g]
lalQs} ;a} cxÍf/ klg 5'6\5 / g/fd|f] k|j[lQ klg x6\5 . stf{kg /x];Dd s;}n] k'0o ug{ ;Sb}g .
stf{kg 5'6\g] lalQs} kfk klg x'g ;Sb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– gLltaf6 dfq g;f]r . gLlt t
cxÍf/af6 g} ;~rfng x'G5 . ltdL t lgldQ dfq xf} To;}n] ;a} dnfO{ 5f]8 . olb ltdLn] stf{kg
k/dfTdfdf ck{0f u¥of} eg] ltd|f ;f/f of]hgf, sfdgf, jf;gf, eljio klg 5'6\5g\ / cfkm" klg
/xFb}gf} . :jod\nfO{ k/dfTdfdf 5f]8\g] lalQs} s]xL ug{ afFsL /xFb}g . >Ls[i0fsf] ;Gb]z g}lts geP/
wfld{s xf] . g}lts ;Gb]z t sfdrnfp dfq x'G5 . wd{sf] ;Gb]z hLjgsf] d"n qmflGt k|fKt ug{;Sg]
;Gb]z xf] . :jod\nfO{ k/dfTdfdf 5f]8\g] lalQs} /fd|f] / g/fd|f] b'j} efj 5'6\5 / k/dfTdf dfq z]if
/xG5 .
sd]{lGb|ofl0f ;+oDo o cf:t] dg;f :d/g\ .
OlGb|ofyf{lGjd"9fTdf ldYofrf/M ; pRot] ..^..
hf] d"9 a'l4 dg'io ;d:t sd]{lG›ox¿nfO{ x7k"j{s cwLgdf /fv]/ dgn] OlG›osf ljifox¿sf]
:d/0f ul//xG5 eg] To:tf d"v{nfO{ ldYofrf/L of bDeL elgG5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] d"9 JolQm OlG›onfO{ x7k"j{s /f]s]/ dgdf sfdsf] lrGtg rnfO/xG5,
Tof] bDe, cxª\sf/ / kfv08df /x]/ kltt x'G5 . OlG›o bdg ug]{ JolQm d"9 xf] . k|mfo8n] of]
jrg ;'g]sf eP pgsf] wd{k|ltsf] cgf:yf jf ljt[i0ff x/fP/ hfGYof] xf]nf Û pgLeGbf kfFr xhf/

nf]suLtf– 82
 cWofo–#
jif{ cl3 >Ls[i0fn] OlG›onfO{ bdg ug]{ JolQm kfv08L xf] eGg'ePsf] lyof] . k|mfo8n] O;fO{
bdgjfbL ;Gtx¿sf jrg dfq k9\g kfP . o:tf s7f]/ wfld{s lrGtsx¿sf cfwf/df k|mfo8n]
wd{sf lj?4df cfˆgf] wf/0ff agfP/ wd{nfO{ dflg;sf] ktgsf] sf/0f dfg] . olb k|mfo8n] >Ls[i0fsf]
jrg ;'Gg kfPsf eP pgsf] wd{k|ltsf] wf/0ff / sfdjf;gfk|ltsf] vf]hdf qmflGtsf/L kl/jt{g
cfpFYof] xf]nf Û
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– OlG›osf] bdgn] dg bAb}g, a? emg\ k|an x'G5 . OlG›ox¿sf] t s'g} xf];
g} x'“b}g jf:tljs s'/f t leq n's]sf] dgsf] xf] . dgsf] dfucg';f/ OlG›ox¿ kl5kl5 nfU5g\ .
dgn] h] eGb5, OlG›o ToxL u5{g\ . dgn] ;f}Gbo{ x]/ eGof] eg] cfFvfn] ToxL x]5{ . cfFvfsf] t
cfˆgf] s'g} OR5f x'Fb}g, oBlk OlG›onfO{ xfdL bf]if lbG5f}+ . h;n] OlG›onfO{ bafpF5, To;n] dgleq
cfkm"n] rfx]sf] s'/f ljlIfKt eP/ ug{ yfN5 . lbge/ h'g s'/f /f]lsG5, /ftL To;}nfO{ dgn] s}of}+
u'0ff clws ¿kdf ;kgf b]Vg yfN5 . dg]{a]nf;Dd dgn] tfgfafgf a'Gg 5f]8\b}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
OlG›o bdg u/]/ dgsf] bdg ug{ ;lsFb}g . OlG›onfO{ h] sfo{ ug{af6 /f]lsG5, ToxL s[To p;n]
lbge/ ul//xG5 .
dgnfO{ ¿kfGt/0f gu/L hf] JolQm OlG›onfO{ dfq bdg u5{ Tof] bDeL x'G5 . aflx/ d}n]
OlG›o /f]s]+, d t tkdf pknAw ePF eGg] b]vfpF5 t/ leq eg] ljk/Lt rfn rN5 . tyfslyt
;fw'df l7s ljk/Lt cj:yf aflx/ x7k"j{s OlG›osf] bdg / leq Jolerf/sf] k/fsfi7f kfOG5 . of]
d"9tf xf], lsgeg] hf] leq rN5 Tof] d"Nojfg\ xf], aflx/sf] s'g} dxŒj 5}g . b]vfj6Lkg;Fu wd{sf]
s'g} ;DaGw x'Fb}g . cfWofTdsf] ;DaGw t x'g';Fu x'G5 . aflx/ ef]hg vfP klg s]xL km/s kb}{g a?
leqaf6 pkjf;L x'g'k5{ . lhGbuL aflx/af6 abNg ;lsGg, leqaf6 abNg'k5{ . z/L/nfO{ hlt si6
lbP/ df/] klg Tof] jf;gf jf sfdgf k'gM ;"Id z/L/af6 cgGt;Dd csf]{ z/L/sf dfWodaf6 rln
g} /xG5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f OlG›o / z/L/nfO{ bdg ug]{ JolQm kfv08L xf] eGg'x'G5 . o:tf JolQm
bDeL x'g\ . c1fgeGbf klg kfv08 lgDg:t/sf] xf] . o:tf JolQm ldYof cfr/0fdf lub{5g\ . ldYofsf]
cy{ c;To t/ ;To h:tf] nfUg' xf] . of] ldYofledfgL JolQm c1fgLeGbf tNnf] cj:yfdf x'G5 .
c1fgLn] t cfkm"nfO{ abNg ;S5 t/ ldYofrf/Ln] Tof] klg ug{ ;Sb}g . o:tf JolQm c:tJo:t eP/
cfkm"leq b'O{ lx:;fdf ljeQm x'G5g\≤ dgf]lj1fgsf efiffdf oL ax'lrQjfg\ (Schizophrenic)
dflgG5g\ . logLx¿ b'O{ lx:;fdf hLjg afFRb5g\ . v08–v08 :jlj/f]wdf afFRg' /f]uL eP/ afFRg' xf] .
sd{ / lqmof ulx/fOdf Pp6} xf] t/ aflx/af6 x]bf{ cnu h:tf] nfUb5 . JolQm ;'t]/ lgbfP
klg Zjf; rln g} /xG5 . /ut agfpg] sfd hf/L /xG5 . xfdLn] vfPsf s'/fnfO{ t/n agfpg],
krfpg] / aflx/ lgsfNg] sfd eO{ g} /xG5 . x8\8Lx¿ lgld{t eO{ g} /xG5g\ . gofF sf]ifsf] lgdf{0f /
d[t sf]ifnfO{ aflx/ lgsfNg] sfo{ eO{ g} /xG5 . /ftL JolQm ;'t] klg lqmof hf/L g} /xG5 . o;f] x]bf{
lqmofnfO{ sd{ s;/L eGg] h:tf] nfU5 lsgeg] ToxfF cxÍf/ ;+nUg x'Fb}g . h'g lqmofdf cxÍf/
;+nUg x'G5 To;nfO{ sd{ elgG5 / h'g lqmofdf cxÍf/ ;+o'Qm x'Fb}g To;nfO{ lqmof elgG5 .
ulx/fOdf k|To]s lqmof lqmof dfq xf]Og sd{ g} xf] . xfd|f] lhhLljiffsf sf/0fn] k|To]s lqmof sd{ g}
x'G5 . xfd|f] ulx/f]eGbf ulx/f] a]xf];L / lg›fdf klg lhhLljiff pkl:yt x'G5 / o;}sf sf/0f ;a}
lqmofx¿ ;~rflnt x'G5g\ . lhhLljiff ;dfKt ePdf lqmofx¿ tTsfn aGb x'G5g\ . ulx/fOdf xfd|f ]
cr]tgn] lqmofx¿nfO{ rnfO/x]sf] x'G5 t/ cr]tgdf cxÍf/ ;+nUg gx'Fbf of] sd{ geP/ lqmof
ePsf] xf] . To;}n] lqmof / sd{df leGgtf af≈o dfq xf] oyfy{df lqmof / sd{ Ps} x'g\ .

nf]suLtf– 83
cWofo–#
sf]dfdf /x]sf l;ls:t la/fdLx¿df klg cr]tgdf lhhLljiffn] k|f0f rnfO/x]sf] x'G5 .
lhhLljiff k/dfTdfaf6 k|fKt / ;~rfng x'G5 . Zjf; lng] lqmofnfO{ xfd|f] lhDdfdf 5f]8]sf] eP
xfdL lbgdf s}of}+k6s d[To'j/0f ul/;s]sf x'GYof}+ . To;}n] hLjgsf ;Fj]bgzLn lx:;fx¿ k/dfTdfn]
cfkm}+;Fu /fv]sf 5g\ . lhhLljiff xfd|f] cr]tg dgdf /xG5 / xfd|f] cr]tg dg Psflt/ xfdL;Fu /
csf{lt/ k/dfTdf;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . k/dfTdf ;|i6f xf] To;}n] xfd|f] hLjgsf] k|To]s If0f pg}af6
;~rflnt 5 . xfdL;Fu} pm k|ltkn 5 . xfd|f] hLjgsf] k|To]s k|lqmof p;s} k|lqmof xf] . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL ul//x]sf 5f} eGg] e|dnfO{ 5f]8 lsgeg] sd{ t x'Fb} u5{ / lqmof rln g}
/xG5 . ltdL cfkm" ul//x]sf] 5' eGg] e|daf6 d'Qm xf]pm . To;kl5 ltdLnfO{ k|To]s lqmof / sd{df
k/dfTdf l:yt ePsf] cfef; x'g] 5 . k|To]s JolQmsf /f}+ /f}+df pxL k/dfTdf l:yt 5 . dg'iosf]
cxÍf/sf] e|d x6\g] lalQs} p;nfO{ cfkm" / cfˆgf] cl:tTj x'Fb} gePsf] / h] 5 pxL ePsf] :ki6
x'G5 .
ol:TjlGb|ofl0f dg;f lgoDof/et]˜h{'g .
sd]{lGb|o}M sd{of]ud;QmM ; ljlziot] ..&..
h;n] dgåf/f sd]{lG›ox¿nfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fvL cf;lQm/lxt eP/ ;d:t OlGb|oaf6
sd{of]usf] cfr/0f ug{ yfN5 Tof] JolQm clt ljlzi6 dflgG5 ..
dg'iosf] dgdf jf;gf / sfdgf 5pGh]n To;n] b'v dfq lbG5 . sfdgf / jf;gfn] ljiffb
dfq k|bfg u5{ . sfdgfaf6 ;'v k|fKt xf]nf h:tf] nfU5, t/ b'v g} k|fKt x'G5, zflGt k|fKt xf]nf
h:tf] nfU5 t/ ;bf czflGt g} k|fKt x'G5 . sfdgf dg'iosf] b'v xf] / t[i0ff kL8f xf] . jf;gfaf6
d'Qm geO{sg cfgGb k|fKt x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f OlG›onfO{ bdg ug]{ JolQm d"9 xf] eGg'x'G5 . pxfFsf]
egfO cg';f/ Tof] JolQm >]i7 xf] hf] OlG›onfO{ bafpg] xf]Og a? jf;gfsf] d"n ;|f]t dgnfO{ g}
¿kfGt/0f u5{ . >]i7 k'?if OlG›ox¿;Fu n8\b}g lsgeg] OlG›ox¿;Fu n8fOF u/]/ lhTg ;lsGg . pm
t dgnfO{ g} ¿kfGt/0f u/]/ OlG›onfO{ jzdf /fVb5 .
;fwf/0ftM xfdL OlG›ox¿sf bf; ePh:tf] nfU5 . jf;gfx¿ lrQdf p7] klg ha;Dd
OlG›ox¿df xfaL x'Fb}g ta;Dd xfdLnfO{ jf;gfsf af/]df hfgsf/L g} x'Fb}g . To;}n] xfdLnfO{
OlG›ox¿ g} jf;gfsf sf/0f h:tf] nfU5 . jf;gfsf] ;"Idtd ¿k ctLlG›o xf] hf] xfdLn] b]Vb}gf}+ .
ha;Dd jf;gf OlG›ox¿df ult lnP/ cfsf/ aGb}g, ta;Dd xfdLnfO{ yfxf g} x'Fb}g . To;}n] qmf]w
ul/;s]kl5 dfq xfdLnfO{ yfxf x'G5 . sfdjf;gf klg xfdLdfly cflji6 eO;s]kl5 dfq yfxf x'G5
/ yfxf kfO;s]kl5 To;nfO{ ;Rofpg c;Dej x'G5 . jf;gfdf g} r'n{'Dd 8'Ag' jf;gfsf] bf; aGg'
xf] / o:tfnfO{ >Ls[i0f lgs[i6 JolQm eGg'x'G5 .
ef}ltsjfbLx¿n] ;'?b]lv g} eGb} cfPsf 5g\– z/L/eGbf 7'nf] hLjgdf s]xL 5}g / z/L/sf]
dfusf] k"lt{ ug{' xfd|f] uGtJo xf] . oL s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ JolQm cfˆgf] cfTdfnfO{ g} lal;{G5 .
cfTdfsf] hGd g} :jod\ x'g'df x'G5 . cfTdfsf] hGd g} jf;gf 5fof ag]kl5 dfq x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– >]i7 dg'io cfˆgf] dgnfO{ g} jzdf u5{ . OlG›onfO{ bdg ubf{ JolQm ljlIfKt x'G5 .
dg'iosf] jf;gf ;ª\sNk gx'Gh]n /lx/xG5 . ;ª\sNksf] cy{ OlG›osf] bdg xf]Og :joDf\sf] x'g]
cg'ej xf] . z/L/n] ef]s nfUof] eg]/ dfu ubf{ :joDf\n] ;ª\sNkåf/f d ef]hg ug{ tof/ 5}g eg]sf]
v08df z/L/n] ef]hgsf] dfu tTsfn 5f]8\b5 . ;ª\sNknaf6 z/L/sf] dfunfO{ aGb u/fpg ;lsG5 .
pkjf; dg'iosf] ;ª\sNknfO{ hufpg] Pp6f k|of; xf] . z/L/nfO{ cfkm"eGbf cnu klg s'g} zlQm 5
eGg] yfxf x'g] lalQs} Pp6f gofF pmhf{ pTkGg x'G5 / z/L/n] cfˆgf] dfu 5f]8\b5 .

nf]suLtf– 84
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>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] JolQm >]i7 xf] h;n] OlG›onfO{ jzdf u5{, z/L/nfO{ cfb]z lbg ;S5
/ hf] z/L/sf] bf; xf]Og dflns aGb5 . cfTdfg'ej ;ª\sNkaf6 k|f/De x'G5 / dg'iosf] >]i7tf
;ª\sNksf] dfWod;Fu} gofF ofqfsf] yfngLaf6 :yflkt x'G5 . klxnf] r/0fdf dgnfO{ jzdf /fVg'k5{,
bf];|f] r/0fdf ;ª\sNk lgdf{0f ug{'k5{ / t];|f] r/0fdf ;ª\sNknfO{ klg k|e'df ;dk{0f ug{'k5{ .
xfdL;Fu dgsf gfddf jf;gfx¿sf] ;ª\u|x 5 . ;+o'Qm ;ª\sNk 5 eg] dgnfO{ ;dlk{t ug{ ;lsG5 .
cfTdf t ;ª\sNksf] åf/af6 k|j]z u/]kl5 dfq kfpg ;lsG5 . To;}n] wd{sf] klxnf] r/0f ;ª\sNk
lgld{t ug{' / bf];|f] r/0f lgld{t ;ª\sNknfO{ ;dlk{t ug{' xf] . klxnf] r/0f cfTdjfg\ aGg' / bf];|f]
r/0f cfTdfnfO{ km"n r9fPem“}+ k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf r9fpg' xf] . cfTdfnfO{ kfpg jf;gfeGbf dfly
p7\g'k5{ / k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg cfTdfeGbf klg dfly p7\g'k5{ . t;y{ >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5–
klxn] ltdL >]i7 ag, ;ª\sNk u/]/ cfTdjfg\ ag / ;ª\sNkaf6 cfTdjfg\ ag]kl5 ;dk{0f u/ .
sdhf]/ JolQmn] ;dk{0f ug{ ;Sb}g lsgeg] afXo ¿kdf lz/nfO{ r/0fdf /fVg' ;fdfGo s'/f xf], Tof]
;dk{0f xf]Og . cfkm"nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf ;dfKt u/L k/dfTdfdf r9fpg' g} ;dk{0f xf] .
lgot+ s'? sd{ Tj+ sd{ Hofof] Xosd{0fM .
z/L/ofqflk r t] g k|l;4Ø]bsd{0fM ..*..
ltdL lgwf{l/t zf:qljlxt st{Jo sd{ u/ . sd{ gug{'eGbf sd{ ug{' Hofb} >]i7 5, sd{ ug{
5fl8of] eg] z/L/sf] kfng kf]if0f ug{ of z/L/ ;~rfng ug{ ;ls“b}g ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{ gug{'eGbf sd{ ug{' >]i7 xf] . sd{ t ug}{k5{ / hf] ug{' g} k5{ eg]
To;nfO{ xf];k"j{s ug{' >]i7 xf] . sd{nfO{ hfg]/ ug{' plrt xf] . To;}n] h] ug{} k5{ To;nfO{ kl/k"0f{
¿k hfg]/ :jwd{cg'¿k ug{'k5{ . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5— ltdL zf:q;Ddt :jwd{¿kL sd{ u/ .
zf:qsf] cy{ lstfa xf]Og≤ o;sf] cy{ cfh;Dd h'g h'g JolQmx¿n] :j–cg''ejaf6 hfg] To;af6
k|fKt ;Ddt ljrf/ zf:q xf] . dg'iosf] r]tgfsf] nfdf] ofqf 5 . xfdL o; hLjgdf &), *) of ()
jif{sf nflu cfpF5f}+ / labf x'G5f}+ . JolQm cfpF5 / hfG5 t/ dg'iotf lg/Gt/ rln/xG5 . dg'iosf]
cg'ej s/f]8f}+ jif{sf] 5 / To;sf] ;f/ klg 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cgflbaf6 hfGg] JolQmx¿n] h'g
s'/f eg]sf 5g\ ;f] ;Ddt :jwd{cg';f/ sd{ ug{' plrt x'G5 .
;gftg wdf{jnDaLx¿n] k|frLg ;dob]lv g} rf/ j0f{sf] j}1flgs Joj:yf u/]/ rf/ hftnfO{
tn dfly (Vertical) geO{ ;dtnLo (Horizental) ¿kdf ljefhg u/]sf lyP . hGdb]lv rf/
j0f{df ljefhg ubf{ s'g} prgLr gu/L s]jn u'0fcg';f/ dfq ljefhg ul/Psf] lyof] . sfnfGt/df
j0f{sf] Joj:yfnfO{ s]xL JolQmsf :jfy{sf sf/0f e2f agfOof] . a|fXd0fnfO{ >]i7 clg z"›nfO{
;aeGbf tNnf] hft elgof] . u'0fcg';f/sf] j0f{Joj:yfnfO{ s[lqd clg lg/y{s agfOof] . ch{'gsf]
:jwd{ Iflqo wd{ xf] . >Ls[i0f pgnfO{ eGg'x'G5– h] ltd|f] :jwd{ 5, h'g j0f{df ltd|f] hGd eof],
h'g wd{adf]lhd ltd|f] k|lzIf0f eof], ;f]xL j0f{sf] cfr/0fdf /xL sd{ ug{' >]o:s/ x'G5 . JolQm
hlGFdbf cgGt ;Defjgf lnP/ hGd]sf] x'G5, t/ kl5 Pp6f lglZrt uGtJo /f]h]/ cl3 a9\g'k5{ .
cgGt af6fx¿ /f]h]/ lxF8\g ;Dej x'Fb}g . cfh lj1fgn] klg ToxL s'/f eG5– aRrf cgGt
;Defjgfo'Qm u'0fx¿;lxt hlGdG5, t/ p;n] hLjgdf Pp6f u'0fsf] of ljlzi6 If]qsf] klxrfg u/]/
cl3 a9\g'k5{ .
cfhsf] lj1fgsf] ljz]if1tf h:t} k|frLg ;dodf j0f{sf] Joj:yf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] lyof] . s'g}
JolQm Iflqo x'g rfxG5 eg] p;nfO{ s]6fs]6Lb]lv g} ;f]xL cg'¿k k|lzlIft u/fpg] Joj:yf
agfOPsf] lyof] . ckjfbdf afx]s JolQmx¿ cfˆgf] j0f{cg';f/sf] ofqf ub{y] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x]

nf]suLtf– 85
cWofo–#
ch{'g Û ltd|f] cgGt hGdsf] ofqfaf6 klg ltdL Iflqo xf} . To;}n] cfh ltdL cfˆgf] wd{af6 efUg
vf]Hof} eg] Tof] ltd|f] c;kmntf aGg] 5 / ltd|f] hLjg ljiffbk"0f{ x'g] 5 . To;}n] ch{'g ltdL
zf:q;Ddt :jwd{ cg';f/sf] sfo{ u/, ToxL g} >]o:s/ 5 . s]xL gug{'eGbf s]xL ug{' g} >]o:s/ 5
lsgeg] sd{af6 sf]xL klg aRg ;Sb}g .
o1fyf{Tsd{0ff]˜Goq nf]sf]˜o+ sd{aGwgM .
tby{+ sd{ sf}Gt]o d'Qm;ËM ;dfr/ ..(..
aGwgsf] eoaf6 sd{sf] Tofu ug{' of]Uo 5}g lsgeg] o1sf lglDt ug]{ sd{sf cltl/Qm c¿
sd{df nfu]sf] of] dg''io ;d''bfo sd{n] afFlwG5 . To;}n] x] ch{'g Û cf;lQm/lxt eP/ Tof] o1sf
lgldQ elnefFtL st{Jo u/ ..
>Ls[i0f cb\e't jrg eGg'x'G5– sd{sf] aGwgaf6 aRgsf lgldQ hf] JolQm sd{af6 efU5
p;n] pN6f] kl/0ffd k|fKt u5{ . sd{sf] aGwgaf6 efUg' eg]sf] :jo+sf] :jtGqtf geO{ k/tGqtf
xf] . efu]/ hxfF uP klg sd{af6 aRg ;lsFb}g≤ sd{ t ug{' g} k5{ . To;}n] x] ch'{g Û cf;lQm/lxt
eP/ Tof] o1sf nflu st{Jo sd{ u/ . xfdLn] k/dfTdfsf nflu o1¿kL sd{ ug{'k5{ . k/dfTdfn]
hLjg lbg'ePsf] 5≤ To;}n] sd{ klg k/dfTdfsf nflu g} ug{'k5{ . oxL o1¿kL sd{n] slxNo}
aGwgdf kfb}{g . Pp6f u[x:yL JolQmnfO{ 3/n] dnfO{ afFlw/x]sf] 5 eGg] nfU5 . 3/n] t slxNo} klg
aGwgdf kfb}{g lsgeg] 3/ h8 ePsfn] To;n] afFWg ;Sb}g . jf:tjdf 3/nfO{ cfˆgf] of d]/f] 3/
;lDemPsf] x'gfn] 3/n] afFW5 . …d]/f]Ú g} aGwg xf] / JolQm 3/ 5f]8]/ uP klg …d]/f]Ú t p;};Fu /xG5,
ta …d]/f]Ú cf>dn] afFW5 . kTgLnfO{ 5f]8]/ efUg] JolQmsf] sfdjf;gf kTgLnfO{ 5f]8\bf sbflrt\
;dfKt x'g ;Sb}g . Tof] sfdjf;gf hxfF uP klg p;;Fu g} /xG5 .
efUg] JolQmn] h;n] p;nfO{ afFWb5 egL 7fGb5 To;n] p;nfO{ afFWg] xf]Og eGg] ;To
lal;{G5 . hf] eflu/x]sf] 5 afFWg]jfnf pxL xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– efUg' Joy{ xf] . o; k[YjLdf
efUg] JolQmsf lj?4df >Ls[i0fn] eGbf 7'nf] pkb]z s;}n] klg lbPsf 5}gg\ . sd{df s'g} aGwg
5}g . sd{ d]/f] xf] eGg'' g} aGwg xf] . To;}n] h;n] sd{ k/dfTdfsf] eg]/ hfGb5 ToxL o1¿kL sd{
x'G5 / JolQm aGwg d'Qm x'G5 lsgeg] Tof] O{Zj/sf] sd{ x'G5 . O{Zj/sf] gfddf ug]{ sd{ g} o1 xf] .
hxfF JolQm stf{ geO{ lgldQ dfq x'G5 ToxfF stf{ k/dfTdf x'G5 eGg] sd{sf] gofF cjwf/0ff
>Ls[i0fn] lbg'ePsf] 5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL sd{af6 gefu / sd{nfO{ o1 agfpm
cyf{t\ cfkm"nfO{ k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t ul/b]pm .
u'?gfgssf] hLjgdf Pp6f 36gf 36\of], h;af6 pxfF 1fgL ;Gt aGg'eof] . gfgs
;}lgsx¿nfO{ /f;g ljt/0f ug]{ ;fgf] hflu/df x'g'x'GYof] hxfF pxfFn] ;}lgsx¿nfO{ /f;g gfk]/
lbg'x'GYof] . Pslbg gfgsn] ;f}efUojz uGtL la;{g'eof] . t]x|sf] uGtLdf pxfF /f]lsg'eof] . pxfFn]
;a} …t]/fÚ cyf{t\ ;a} ltd|f] eg]kl5 km]l/ rf}w pxfFsf] d'vaf6 lgl:sPg . gfgssf] gf]s/L ;lsof] t/
pxfFnfO{ k/d gf]s/L k|fKt eof] . gfgs eGg'x'GYof]– ha of] ;a} ltd|f] xf] eGg] :d/0f eof] To;kl5
t s'g} s'/fx¿ klg …ltd|f]Ú -t]/f_ afx]s s]xL nfu]g . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ oxL eGg'x'G5– h'g lbg of]
sfo{ …d]/f]Ú xf]Og …ltd|f]Ú eGg] efjgf hfu[t x'G5 To;kl5 t aGwg g} x'Fb}g . d / …d]/f]Ú eGg' jf
To;df cf;Qm /xg' g} aGwg xf] . ha hfu/0f x'G5, ta ;a} sd{ o1¿kL sd{ x'G5 . j:t'tM
o1¿kL sd{ g} d'lQm xf] .

nf]suLtf– 86
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;xo1fM k|hfM ;[i6\jf k'/f]jfr k|hfkltM .
cg]g k|;ljioWjd]if jf]˜l:Tji6sfdw's\ ..!)..
k|hfklt a|XdfhLn] ;[li6sf] k|f/Dedf o1sf ;fy} dflg;x¿sf] ;[li6 ug{'eof] / eGg'eof]–
o1x¿af6 ltdLx¿nfO{ a'l4 k|fKt xf]cf];\ / o1n] ltdLx¿nfO{ OlR5t ef]u k|bfg u/f];\ ..
;[li6sf] k|f/Dedf ;|i6fn] klg ;[li6¿kL sd{ ug{'eof] . xfdL k/dfTdfnfO{ ;|i6f eGb5f}+ .
;|i6fn] klg …dÚ efjaf6 l;h{gf u/]df Tof] sd{ o1¿kL x'Fb}g . t/ k/dfTdf ;h{s xf] / k/dfTdfsf]
;[hg …dÚ /lxt z"Go efjn] ul/g] s[To xf] . k/dfTdfdf …dÚ efj g} x'Fb}g lsgeg] p;df …ltdLÚ eGg]
efj x'Fb}g . …dÚ efj x'gsf nflu …ltdLÚ klg x'g'k¥of] cGoyf …dÚ x'g ;Sb}g . k/dfTdfsf] ;[hgfdf
jf;gf, sfdgf / kmnsf] s'g} cfzf / efj x'Fb}g . of] ;f/f ;[li6 k/dfTdfsf] :jefj xf] . k/dfTdf
;|i6f dfq xf]Og lsgeg] olb k/dfTdf ;|i6f dfq xf] eg] ;|i6f / ;[li6 cnu x'G5 . k/dfTdf t
;[hgfsf] k|lqmof xf] . To;}n] k/dfTdfnfO{ ;|i6f geg]/ ;[hgfTds (Creativity) eGg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
;[li6sf nflu s'g} k|yd / clGtd lbg x'Fb}g . hut\sf] ;|i6fn] k|yd lbg ha hut\nfO{ ult
lbG5g\ Tof] o1 xf] / h'g lbg hf] s;}n] ToxL o1¿kL sd{ u5{ pm klg ;|i6fsf] cË aG5 . dL/fnfO{
s;}n] æltdL gfr]sL xf} <Æ eg]/ ;f]Wof] eg] pgL hjfkmdf p;}n] grfpF5 / pxL gfR5 elG5g\ .
s;}n] sla/nfO{ ltdL sk8f s;sf nflu a'G5f} eg]/ ;f]Wof] eg] pgL eG5g\– æpxL a'G5 / p;}sf
nflu a'G5 .Æ sla/ sk8f agfP/ a]Rg hfFbf u|fxsnfO{ eGg'x'GYof] æ/fd Û ltd|f nflu p;n] of]
s:tf] /fd|f] a'g]sf] 5 .Æ sla/sxfF xhf/f}F eQm cfpg yfn] / sla/nfO{ tkfO{+ ca lsg sk8f
a'Gg'x'G5 eg]/ s''g} eQmn] ;f]Wbf slj/n] eGg''x'GYof]– k/dfTdfnfO{ cem hut\ / hLjgnfO{ a'Gg]
h?/t 5 eg] d lsg sk8f ga'g"F . d}n] pgs} xftdf cfkm"nfO{ 5f]l8lbPsf] 5' . d]/f] cf}Fnfdf pg}
cfP/ sk8f a'G5g\ . To;}n] d sk8f a''g"F of aGb u¿F Tof] k/dfTdfsf] rfxgfdf lge{/ x'G5, ca
pgsf] dhL{cg'';f/ dfq x''G5 . sla/n] u/]sf] sd{ g} o1¿kL sd{ xf] .
k/dfTdf of] ljzfn ;[hgnfO{ km}nfP/ klg o1¿kL sd{ dfq ul//x]sf] 5 / d'Qm 5 . ;[li6
t b]lvG5 t/ ;|i6f b]lvFb}g . jf:tjdf h;sf] …dÚ g} 5}g Tof] sd{ o1¿kL x'G5 . sd{ b[Zo / stf{
cb[Zo 5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL o:tf] sd{df h'6 hxfF sd{ xf];\ t/ stf{ laNfs'n
g/xf];\ . p;sf] cg'kl:ylt of cb[Zokg g} p;sf] cl:tTj xf] . slxn]sfxLF p;sf] 5fof b]lvG5
lsgeg] of] ;f/f hut\ p;sf] 5fofFn] dfq rN5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ oxL eGg'x'G5– ltdL 5fofh:tf]
ag]/ sd{ u/ / gefu lsgeg] efUbf klg ltd|f] cxÍf/ ltdL;Fu} hfG5 . h;/L k/dfTdf o1¿kL
sd{df ;+nUg 5g\ To;/L g} ltdL klg To:t} o1¿kL sd{ u/ . To;f] u/]df ltdL k/dfTdfsf] Ps
lx:;f x'g] 5f} .
b]jfGefjotfg]g t] b]jf efjoGt' jM .
k/:k/+ efjoGtM >]oM k/djfK:oy ..!!..
cfˆgf] o1 tyf st{Jo sd{åf/f b]jtfx¿nfO{ k|;Gg kf/, clg v';L ePsf b]jtfx¿n]
ltdLx¿nfO{ klg ;Gt'i6 /fVg] 5g\ . o;/L dflg; / b]jtfx¿sf] kf/:kl/s lg:jfy{ ;DaGwaf6 Ps
csf{nfO{ k|;Gg ub}{ k/d sNof0f k|fKt x''g] 5 ..
o1¿kL sfo{ ub}{ ltdL b]jtfx¿sf] ;xof]uL aGg ;Sof} eg] tL b]jtfx¿ klg ltd|f ;xof]uL
aGg ;S5g\ . o;k|sf/ ltdL st{Jok|lt pQ/bfoL x'g ;S5f} . o; hut\df ;fwf/0f hgnfO{
d[To'kZrft\ tTsfn ue{ pknAw x'G5 t/ c;fwf/0f JolQmx¿n] hGdsf nflu nfdf] k|tLIff ug{'k5{ .
w]/} kfkL hLjfTdfsf nflu tTsfn ue{ pknAw gx'g] ePsfn] k|tLIff ug{'k5{ . To:t} >]i7

nf]suLtf– 87
cWofo–#
cfTdfx¿n] klg gofF hGdsf nflu nfdf] k|tLIff ug{'kb{5 . o:tf] >]i7 z'4 cfTdfsf] gfd …b]jtfÚ xf]
/ kfkL cfTdfx¿sf] gfd …k|]tfTdfÚ xf] . kfkL cfTdf h;n] cg]sf}+“ s's[To u/]sf] 5, p;sf nflu sf]xL
cfdfafa' ue{ lbg tof/ x'Fb}gg\ / nfdf] ;do pgLx¿n] klg k|tLIff ug{'k5{ . >]i7 cfTdfnfO{ klg
cfkm" cg's"n ue{ vf]Hg / kfpg lgs} sl7g x'G5 lsgeg] To:tf] cfTdfnfO{ ue{df wf/0f ug{ of]Uo
/ kljq sf]v rflxG5 .
o:tf c;fwf/0f cfTdfx¿ ue{ k|fKt gx'Gh]n;Dd r'k nfu]/ a:b}gg\ . k|foM v/fa, kfkL
cfTdfx¿ s]xL g s]xL ug{ rfxG5g\ . k|]tfTdfx¿ gaf]nfO{sg klg c¿nfO{ b'v lbg / cfˆgf] OlG›o
;'v kfpg c¿df k|j]z ug{ ;S5g\ t/ z'4, >]i7 cfTdfx¿ gaf]nfO{sg xQkQ cfpFb}gg\ . s;}n]
s]xL g/fd|f] sfd ubf{ tL k|]tfTdfx¿af6 ;xof]u k|fKt x'G5 / tL g/fd|f] sfd ug]{ ;fwg aG5g\ .
pbfx/0fsf nflu qmf]wsf] cj:yfdf olt zlQm a9\5 ls JolQm cfkm}+ rlst k5{ . of] ToxL kfkL
cfTdfsf] ;xof]u eP/ g} o:tf] ePsf] xf] . o;sf l7s ljk/Lt >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ch{'g Û olb ltdL
s'g} z'esfo{df stf{efjnfO{ 5f]8]/ o1¿kL sfo{ ug{ tTk/ x'G5f} eg] tTsfn ltdLnfO{ cg]s
b]jtfx¿sf] ;xf/f k|fKt x'g] 5 / o;/L dg'io / b]jtfsf] kf/:kl/s lg:jfy{ ;DaGwaf6 Pscsf{nfO{
k|;Gg ub}{ k/d sNof0f k|fKt x'g] 5 . JolQmn] s'g} klg c;n sfo{ ubf{ pm PSn} x'Fb}g, To; a]nfdf
klg cg]sf}F >]i7 / z'4 cfTdf hf] c;n sfo{ ug{ cft'/ x'G5g\, ltgLx¿ ;+nUg eP/ k"/f ;xof]u
ub{5g\ / cgGt dfu{af6 z'e ;xof]ux¿ pknAw x'g yfN5g\ .
o; hut\df c;n / v/fa JolQm PSnf x'Fb}gg\ . s]jn ;fwf/0f JolQm dfq PSnf x'G5g\ .
a'4 / dxfjL/ h:tf JolQm ha k[YjLdf x'G5g\ ta rf/}lt/af6 c;n cfTdfx¿ Pslqt eP/ ;xof]u
ug{ cft'/ x'G5g\ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– olb k/dfTdfsf] sfo{df ;+nUg eof} eg] ltdLnfO{
b]jtfx¿sf] ;fy / ;xof]u /xg] 5 . o;f] u/]df ltdL dfq cfˆgf] st{Jo lgjf{x ug{ ;kmn x'Fb}gf},
cg]s b]jtfx¿ klg hf] c;n s[To ug{ rfxG5g\ pgLx¿ klg cfˆgf] st{Jo lgjf{x ug{ ;kmn x'g]
5g\ .
Oi6fGef]uflGx jf] b]jf bf:oGt] o1efljtfM .
t}b{Qfgk|bfo}Eof] of] e'ª\Qm] :t]g Pj ;M ..!@..
dfgjn] u/]sf o1 jf sd{åf/f ;Gt'i6 ePsf b]jtfx¿n] dfgjsf ;Dk"0f{ OlR5t ef]u jf
cfjZostfx¿ k"lt{ ul/lbG5g\ . o;/L k|fKt ePsf ef]u jf j:t'x¿ h;af6 cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt ePsf x'g\
ToxL O{Zj/nfO{ ;dk{0f gu/L h;n] pkef]u u5{ jf vfG5 Tof] rf]/ xf] ..
o1lzi6flzgM ;Gtf] d'RoGt] ;j{lslNaif}M .
e'~ht] t] Tj3+ kfkf o] krGTofTdsf/0fft\ ..!#..
o1 jf sd{ u/]/ afFsL /x]sf] cGgsf] pkef]un] >]i7 k'?if ;a} k|sf/sf kfkx¿af6 d'Qm x'G5g\
/ h'g kfkLx¿ cfˆgf] z/L/sf] kf]if0fsf nflu cGg ksfpF5g\ ltgLx¿ kfk dfq ef]U5g\ ..
o1¿kL sfo{af6 lbJozlQmx¿ k|;Gg eP/ gdfu] klg ;a} s'/fx¿ lbG5g\ . hLjgsf
/x:ok"0f{ lg0f{ox¿ s] 5g\ eg] h] dfluG5 Tof] kfOFb}g / h] dfluFb}g ToxL dfq kfOG5 . h;sf
k5fl8 s]xL kfpg] bf}8 /xFb}g ToxL JolQmnfO{ ;a} s'/f k|fKt x'G5 . o; lgodnfO{ ga'em]sf] x'gfn]
hLjgdf e|d / b'vx¿ 5g\ . lbJo zlQmx¿af6 dfu]/ slxNo} klg s]xL k|fKt x'Fb}g a? pgLx¿nfO{
gdfuLsg Åbosf] åf/ vf]Ng'k5{ . Åbosf] åf/ v'Nnf x'g] lalQs} pgLx¿n] gdfuLsg g} kof{Kt
lbG5g\ . lh;;sf] Pp6f jrg 5– k|e'sf] /fHonfO{ klxn] vf]h, afFsL ;a} To;} k|fKt x'g] 5 (Seek
first the kingdom of God and all else will be added on to you) .

nf]suLtf– 88
 cWofo–#
>Ls[i0fsf] lbJozlQm / lh;;sf] k|e'sf] /fHosf] efj Pp6} xf] . xfdLn] s]xL dfUbf, OR5f ubf{
jf sfdgf /fVg]lalQs} xfd|f] Åbo v'lDrG5 / r]tgfsf] åf/ tTsfn aGb x'G5 . ha xfdL s]xL lbG5f}+,
ta xfd|f] dg v'N5 . k/dfTdf Pj+ lbJo zlQmx¿;Fu klg dfUg] lalQs} xfd|f] Åbosf] åf/ aGb x'G5
/ s]xL kfpg ;lsFb}g . o; Znf]ssf] cy{ h;n] afF8\5 To;n] emg\ a9L kfpF5 / hf] hDdf dfq u5{,
Tof] levf/L h:t} dfq x'G5 eGg] xf] . o:tf] hDdf ug]{ JolQmn] wgsf] pkof]u ub}{g / c¿nfO{
pkof]u ug{ klg lbFb}g s]jn hDdf dfq u5{ . xfdL klg clwsf+z levf/L g} 5f}+“ . eoeLt JolQm
k/dfTdf;Fu hf]l8g klg ;Sb}g, k/dfTdf;Fu t lge{o JolQmn] dfq ;DaGw /fVg ;S5 . xfdL
slxNo} klg ;xL s'/f dfu ub}{gf}+ lsgeg] xfdLnfO{ ;xLsf af/]df s]xL yfxf 5}g / xfdL To;}n] ;bf
unt g} dfUb5f}F . ;xL JolQmn] dfUg' g} kb}{g, p;nfO{ hLjgdf ;a} ;Dkbf cfk}m al;{g yfN5 .
unt JolQmn] ;bf unt g} dfU5, hf] k|fKt klg x'Fb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] JolQm cfˆgf] hLjg o1¿kL sfo{df nufP/ afFRb5, p;n] gdfuLsg
g} lbJozlQmx¿n] ;a} s'/f lbG5g\ . xfd|f] dfusf sf/0f lbJozlQmx¿;Fu ;DaGw :yflkt x'g ;Sb}g
lsgeg] h'g k|fy{gf dfu;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5, Tof] k|fy{gf g} x'Fb}g . dfu/lxt k|fy{gf h;df wGojfb jf
cfkm"nfO{ h] k|fKt ePsf] 5 To;sf nflu s[t1tf 1fkg dfq ePdf Tof] jf:tjdf k|fy{gf x'G5 .
o:tf] k|fy{gf ug]{ JolQm;Fu lbJozlQmx¿ ljgf sf/0f k|;Gg x'G5g\ / grfx]sf s'/fx¿ k|bfg u5{g\ .
o1¿kL sfo{ eGg'sf] cy{ xfdLnfO{ k/dfTdfn] h] lbg'ePsf] 5 To;sf] k/d :jLsf/sf] efj xf] /
To;sf nflu k"0f{ :jLsf/;lxt s[t1tf ck{0f ug{' xf] . o:tf] JolQmn] cfˆgf nflu s]xL dfUg} kb}{g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o;/L o1¿kL sd{åf/f k|fKt ePsf s'/fx¿nfO{ cfˆgf nflu dfq pkof]u
gu/L c¿sf nflu klg afF8 . hLjgsf] Ps csf]{ /x:o klg 5– xfdL hLjgdf hlt afF8\5f“}+, Tolt g}
kfpF5f}+ . cfgGbnfO{ hlt afF8\g ;Sof] Tolt g} cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 / hlt gafF8Lsg /fVof] Tolt g}
;8]/ hfG5 . hlt afF8\of] Tolt g} cfgGbsf] lj:tf/ x'Fb} hfG5 . JolQm hlt b'vL x'G5, Tolt g}
v'lDrP/ PSn} x'G5 . cfgGb hlt c¿;Fu afFl8G5 plt g} km}lnG5 . a'4, dxfjL/n] b'vL x''Fbf hËn
of kxf8df PsfGtdf ;do latfpg'eof] . cfglGbt x'g'x'Fbf Tof] cfgGbsf] cg'ej ;a};Fu afF8\gsf
nflu PsfGtjf;af6 kmls{g'eof] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o1¿kL sfo{af6 ha lbJo zlQmx¿n]
gdfuLsg lbg yfN5g\ h;sf] k|flKtsf af/]df s;}n] sNkgf;d]t u/]sf] x'Fb}g, Tof] k|fKt ePkl5 slQ
klg sGh';L gu/L PSn} pkef]u gu/]/ To;nfO{ oyfzSo ljt/0f u/ lsgeg] ltdLn] hlt afF8\g] 5f}
Tof] Tolt g} a9\g] 5 . sf]7fdf :jR5 xfjf l5/f];\ eGgsf nflu b'O{j6f ‰ofn vf]n] h:t} hlt kfof]
Tolt g} afF8\of] eg] lg/Gt/ xfjf h:t} lbJozlQmx¿ cfO{ g} /xG5g\ . cfgGb klg xfjf h:t} xf],
hlt cfof] Tolt g} ‰ofn vf]n]/ aUg lbof] eg] lg/Gt/ kfO{ g} /lxG5 .
xfdL ;a} s]jn lng rfxG5f}+“ lbg hfGb}gf“}+ . hf] s]jn kfpg dfq rfxG5 lbg jf afF8\g
hfGb}g To:tfnfO{ >Ls[i0f rf]/ eGg'x'G5 . k/dfTdf Pj+ huTf\af6 hLjgdf h] hlt k|fKt eO/x]sf] 5
To;nfO{ cfˆgf nflu dfq h;n] k|of]u u5{ jf hDdf u5{ To:tf] JolQm rf]/ x'G5 . o:tf
JolQmx¿nfO{ Kn]6f] (Plato), PGhN; (Friedrich Engles), k|fpwf]F (P.J. Proudhon) / dfS;{ (Karl
Marx) x¿n] ga''e]m/ w]/}kl5 dfq rf]/ x'g\ eg] t/ >Ls[i0fn] t w]/} klxn] g} eGg'eof]– o:tf] JolQm
hf] hDdf dfq ub{5 / afF8\g hfGb}g, Tof] JolQm rf]/ xf] . Kn]6f], PGhN;, k|fpwf]F, dfS;{ / >Ls[i0fsf]
egfOdf 7'nf] leGgtf 5 . pgLx¿n] o:tf JolQm hf] k'FhLklt x'g≤\ cs't ;DklQ eP/ klg afF8\b}gg\
ltgLx¿;Fu vf];]/ lng'k5{ eG5g\ . >Ls[i0fsf] egfOdf o:tf JolQm hf] ;ª\u|x dfq u5{g\ logLx¿
cfˆg} b':dg x'g\ lsgeg] logLx¿n] gafF8]/ hDdf ugf{n] cem lbJo zlQmaf6 k|fKt ug]{ cgGt u'0ff

nf]suLtf– 89
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kmnx¿sf] åf/ cfkm“} ;bfsf nflu aGb ub{5g\ . To;}n] JolQmn] hlt afF8\5, Tolt g} cem a9L k|fKt
ub{5 . To:tf] JolQm hf] hDdf dfq u/]/ afF8\b}g Tof] cfTd3ftL x'G5 . h'g a]nf JolQm lg/Gt/ aUg]
gbL aGg ;S5, To;a]nf p;sf] hLjgdf cfgGbsf] lgTo lg/Gt/ jiff{ x'g yfN5 . gbLsf] kfgLsf]
Pp6f j[Q 5, kfgL hxfFaf6 cfpF5 ToxLF lkmtf{ x'G5 . gbL ;fu/df ldNgnfO{ bf}l8/x]sL l5g\,
;fu/df ldl;lG5g\ clg ;"o{sf ls/0fdf r9\l5g\ / afbndf p8\l5g\ clg lxdfnodf al;{lG5g\ .
To;kl5 km]l/ gbLdf cfpFl5g\ clg km]l/ ToxL ofqf rqmfsf/ ¿kdf rln/xG5 . hLjgsf ;a} ult
rqmfsf/ x'G5g\ . To:t} cfgGbsf] ult klg rqmfsf/ ¿kdf k/dfTdfaf6 cfP/ k/dfTdfdf g}
hfG5 . JolQmdf cfpg] lalQs} jl/kl/ k/dfTdfsf] ¿kdf ;a}nfO{ afF8\g' g} k/dfTdfdf k'Ug' xf] .
h:fn] gbLsf] k|jfxdf gauL lardf cj/f]w v8f ug{ vf]H5 To:tf] JolQm rf]/ x'G5 .
o1af6 ar]sf] j:t' jf lrhnfO{ u|x0f ug{'sf] cy{ xf] h;n] ;a}nfO{ afF8]/ dfq ar]sf] u|x0f
u5{ Tof] >]i7 k'?if xf] . hf] klxn] cfkm" vfG5 / aFr]sf] dfq afF8\5 Tof] lgs[i6 k'?if xf] . o;sf]
;xL JofVof df]xDdbn] ug{'ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] vfgfsf] ;'uGw hxfF;Dd k'U5, ToxfF;Dd vfgfsf]
lgdGq0ff x'G5 / ltgLx¿nfO{ v'jfP/ ar]sf] dfq vfg'k5{ eGg'ePsf] 5 . To;}n] hLjgdf k|fKt x'g]
1fg, wg, cGg, zlQm cflbnfO{ klxn] afF8]/ z]if ePkl5 dfq cfkm"n] pkof]u ug{'k5{ . afF8]/ vfg'df
h] cfgGb 5, Tof] s'g} cGo s'/fdf 5}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] afF8]/ afFsL /x]sf] dfq u|x0f u5{ Tof]
JolQm;Fu hLjgdf kof{Kt z]if /xG5 / o:tf] JolQm >]i7 x'G5 . b'vnfO{ afF8\g klg ;lsFb}g lsgeg]
sf]xL klg b'v lng g} rfxFb}g t/ cfgGb hf] klg u|x0f ug{ tof/ x'G5 . xfdL afF8\g g;Sg] s'/f
afF8\g rfxG5f“}+ / afF8\g'kg]{ s'/f hDdf ug{ rfxG5f}+“ . Pshgf sljn] n]v]sf 5Gf\– ha ltdL xfF:5f},
ta l;Ëf] wtL{ ltdL;Fu xfF:5 . ha ltdL ?G5f} ta ltdL PSn} x'G5f} (When you will laugh the
whole world will laugh with you and When you will weep you will weep alone) .
cGgf∫jlGt e"tflg kh{GofbGg;DejM .
o1f∫jlt kh{Gof] o1M sd{;d'∫jM ..!$..
cGgsf] k'li6 jf /;af6 lg;[t /h / jLo{sf] ;lDd>0faf6 k|f0fLsf] pTklQ x'G5 . cGgsf]
pTklQ j[li6af6 x'G5, j[li6 o1af6 pTkGg x'G5 / o1sf] pTklQ lgwf{l/t sd{af6 x'G5 ..
k"jL{o b[li6df ;b}j k|s[lt / dg'iolar d}qL ;DaGw /x]sf] 5 / klZrddf h:tf] zq'tf efj
5}g . To;}n] xfdLn] k|s[ltnfO{ cfdf eg]/ ;Daf]wg u¥of}+“ / ToxL ¿kdf cfTd;\ft\ u¥of“}+ . k[YjLnfO{
dftf / cfsfznfO{ lktfsf] ¿kdf xfdLn] cfb/ u¥of“}+ . of] ;du| hut\k|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f xf] . t;y{
xfdL ;f/f hut\nfO{ Ps} kl/jf/ dfGb5f“}+ / k|s[ltnfO{ cfdf eGb5f}+“ . xfdLn] klZrdfsf] h:tf]
k|s[ltnfO{ lhTg] s'/f slxNo} ;f]r]gf“}+ lsgeg] cfdfnfO{ s;n] / s;/L lhTg ;S5 / Û klZrddf
dg'io / k|s[ltsf lar zq'tfsf] b[li6 ePsfn] k|s[ltnfO{ lhTg] xf]8 5 t/ k"j{df k|s[ltnfO{ x/fpg]
/ o;dfly ljho k|fKt ug]{ s'/f ;f]Rg klg ;lsFb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cGgaf6 k|f0fL aGb5g\ lsgeg] cGg klg kbfy{ xf]Og a|Xd xf] . cGg klg
hLjGt x'gfn] cGgaf6 dg'iosf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . cGg jiff{af6 aG5, jiff{ gePdf cGg lgld{t x'Fb}g .
oL egfOaf6 >Ls[i0f hLjg / k|s[ltnfO{ hf]l8/xg'ePsf] 5 . of] s;/L ;+o'Qm 5 eGg] :ki6 kfb}{
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– jiff{ o1af6 cfpF5 . t/ k|Zg ubf{ jiff{ afbnaf6, afbn ;d'›af6 / ;d'›
gbLaf6 aG5 eGg] pQ/ ;fwf/0ftof hf] s;}n] klg lbg ;S5 . >Ls[i0f dg'io tyf jiff{, afbn,
;d'› / gbLsf lardf ePsf] cGt/ª\u ;DaGw hf]8\g rfxg'x'G5 . olb jiff{ o1af6 cfpF5 eg] jiff{
/ dg'iosf lardf klg ulx/f] ;DaGw /x]sf] a'‰g ;lsG5 lsgeg] jiff{ xfd|f] hLjgsf] cl:tTj

nf]suLtf– 90
 cWofo–#
/fVgsf nflu cfpF5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o1dfkm{t xfd|f] k|fy{gf ;'g]/ To;nfO{ k"/f ug{sf nflu jiff{
x'G5 .
dg'io / k|s[ltsf lar cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw / ;+jfb 5 . ToxL ;+jfb Pj+ o1¿kL sd{sf]
kmn:j¿k cGg pTkfbgsf] nIok"lt{ ug{ / dg'iosf] rfxgf k"/f ug{ j[li6 x'G5 . >Ls[i0f dg'io /
hLjg, k|s[lt Pj+ huTf\;Fu cleGg cGt/;DaGw / ;+jfb /x]sf] s'/f atfpg'x'G5 . k|s[lt / dg'io–
hLjglar c6'6 ;DaGw 5 . klZrddf of] ;b\efj sfod x'g g;s]sfn] clxn] k|s[lt c:tJo:t
ag]sf] 5 / s'g} k|sf/sf] ;b\efj sfod x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . clxn] jNn kl/l:ylt lj1fg (Ecology)
sf] cjwf/0ff ljsf; ePsf] 5 . Psk6s ltAatdf dn]l/of /f]usf] dR5/nfO{ gfz ug{ cf}ifwL
(DDT) 5l/of] . ToxfFsf nfdfx¿n] dR5/ / xfdL t ;lbof}+b]lv ;Fu;Fu} / Pscsf{;Fu kl/lrt Pj+
;DalGwt 5f}+“ eg] . pgLx¿n] o;nfO{ kfp8/ 5/]/ sxLF s]xL c;/ kg]{ kf] xf] ls eGg] cfzÍf JoQm
u/] t/ cf}ifwL 5l/of] / dR5/ ;vfk eP . dR5/sf ;fy} To;sf] c;/n] la/fnfx¿ d/] /
d';fx¿sf] laulauL eof] . h;sf] c;/ / k|sf]kaf6 ufpFe/L Kn]u km}lnof] . Kn]un] ;f/f ufpFx¿ g}
tx;gx; kf¥of] . clg nfdfx¿n] gofF cf}ifwLsf] k|of]u ug{ glbP/ k'/fg} Joj:yf cg';f/ c¿
ufpFx¿af6 la/fnfx¿ NofP/ 5f]8] kl5 la/fnfn] d";f dfg{ yfn] / dR5/ km]l/ lkmtf{ eP clg
k"j{Joj:yf cg'¿k g} /f]ux¿ dfly lgoGq0f ul/of] .
kl/l:ylt lj1fg (Ecology) sf] cy{ hLjg Ps kl/jf/ xf] eGg] xf] . To;df ;a} s'/f ;+o'Qm
kl/jf/df h:t} x'G5 . k|To]s lrh jf j:t' h:t} Pp6f ;fgf] 9''ª\uf klg kl/jf/sf] lx:;f xf] . ?v
sf6]sf] kl/0ffd cfh xfdL ef]lu/x]sf 5f}+ h;sf sf/0f afbn / jiff{ geP/ yk kL8f a9]sf] 5 .
?vx¿ afbnnfO{ lgdGq0ff ub{y] t/ ca ?v gePsf] x'Fbf afbnnfO{ s;}n] lgdGq0ff ub}{gg\ .
k[YjLsf] b'O{;o dfOndf hxfF xfjf ;dfKt x'G5, ToxfF /x]sf] Pp6f 7'nf] kqLo efu hf] cg]sf}+
UofF;x¿af6 lgld{t ePsf] 5 To;n] k[YjLnfO{ kvf{n em}+“ 3]/]sf] 5 . ToxL kqLo efu jf kvf{nsf
sf/0f ;"o{sf] lxts/ ls/0f dfq k[YjLdf cfpg ;S5, hf] k[YjLnfO{ lxts/ x'Fb}g Tof] kvf{neGbf
aflx/ /xG5 / k[YjLdf cfpg kfpFb}g . cfh hlt cGtl/If ofgx¿ cGtl/Iftkm{ k7fOPsf] 5 ltgn]
Tof] kqsf] kvf{nnfO{ tf]8]/ ‰ofnx¿ lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\ . ca ltg} ‰ofnaf6 ;"o{sf xflgsf/s
ls/0f klg k[YjLdf cfpg yfn]sf 5g\ hf] hLjgsf nflu cToGt vt/gfs 5g\ . >Ls[i0f ljZj
a|Xdf08sf af/] eGg'x'G5– hLjg Pp6f ;+o'Qm 36gf xf] . hxfF cfsfzsf] afbn klg xfd|f] hLjg;Fu
hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . ;"o{ Pjd\ rG›df klg xfdL;Fu ;+o'Qm ¿kdf hf]l8Psf 5g\ . ;"o{ xfdLaf6 !)
s/f]8 dfOn k/ 5 / ;"o{ lr;f] x'g] lalQs} xfdL klg ;a} ;dfKt x'G5f}+“ .
>Ls[i0fsf] cGgaf6 dg'io aG5 eGg] s'/fdf kbfy{ / r]tgfdf s'g} leGgtf 5}g / kbfy{af6
g} cfTdf aG5 eGg] xf] lsgeg] kbfy{ kbfy{ xf]Og, Tof] klg u'Kt ¿kdf /x]sf] r]tg cfTdf g} xf] .
To;}n] cGgaf6 /ut / x•Lx¿sf] lgdf{0f x'G5 clg r]tgf, xf]; / a''l4 aG5 h;af6 of] ;a} aG5
Tof] dxfhLjg cGTodf n's]sf] x'G5 . cGg jiff{af6 cfpF5 / jiff{ o1af6 cfpF5 . o1af6 eGgfn]
ha dg'io /fd|f] sfd ub{5 / dg'io ha k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t eP/ afFRb5 ta k/dfTdf klg
dg'iosf] lkmqmL ub{5 . ;a}lt/af6 ;f/f k|s[ltn] lrGtf ub{5 . afbnn] jiff{ u/fpF5 / j[Ifx¿
kmnaf6 el/G5g\, cGg lgld{t x'G5, gbLx¿ aUb5g\, ;"o{ rlDsG5 / hLjgdf Pp6f pT;fx, v';L /
;'uGw kfOG5 . ha JolQm cxª\sf/n] el/G5 ta d}n] ;a} u/]F eGb} d efj /fVb5 ta hLjg
;a}lt/af6 ljs[t x'g yfN5 .

nf]suLtf– 91
cWofo–#
o1sf] cy{ k/dfTdfdf ;dk{0f xf] . k/dfTdfn] hLjgnfO{ o:tf] ;b\efj k|bfg u5{g\ ls ;f/f
k|s[lt cfkm"nfO{ rf/}lt/af6 n'6fpg tof/ x'lG5g\ . >Ls[i0fn] o1af6 jiff{ x'G5 eGg'ePsf] 5,
To;sf] cy{ xf] ha JolQmx¿ k[YjLdf lg/xª\sf/L eP/ afFRb5g\ ta hut\df ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx¿ ;+o'Qm
eP/ pgLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;b}j tof/ x'G5g\ . afbnn] klg jiff{ u5{g\, af]6 la?jfx¿ klg cGg
jf kmnn] el/G5g\ / cGg klg k|f0fnfO{ lnP/ cfpF5 . cfhsf] cj:yfsf] lhDd]jf/ xfdL :jod\ 5f}+“ .
dg'ioaf6 lxhf] h'g t/ª\u lgl:sGYof] Tof] lgl:sg aGb ePsf] 5 . cfh xfdL gbL, afbn;Fu ;+o'Qm
x'g lal;{;s]sf 5f}+“ . klxn] xfd|f] ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f cg';f/ xfdL gbL, cfsfzsf] afbn nufot
k|s[ltsf ljljw ¿knfO{ gd:sf/ u/]/ ;sf/fTds efj JoQm ub{Yof}+, hf] cfh ;dfKt g} ePsf] 5 .
o;sf] kl/0ffd xfd|f] ;fd' 5n{Ë 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hxfF dg'io / k|s[lt cleGg ldqsf] ¿kdf
;+o'Qm x'G5g\ / Psfsf/ eP/ afFRb5g\ ToxfF xfd|f] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg o1do x'G5 . o; hut\df ;Dk"0f{
s'/f ;+o'Qm 5 cyf{t\ cnu 5}g . k/eGbf k/sf] tf/f klg xfdL;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . xfd|f] zAbsf]
Wjlgaf6 cgGt b"/Lsf] cfsfzsf s'/fx¿ klg k|ltWjlgt x'G5g\ / xfd|f] Åbo / pgLx¿sf] Åbo
emª\s[t x'G5 . hLjg Pp6f ;+o'Qm Joj:yf cyf{t\ kl/l:ylt lj1fg xf] .
sd{ a|Xdf]∫j+ ljl4 a|XdfIf/;d'4jd\ .
t:dfT;j{ut+ a|Xd lgTo+ o1] k|ltli7td\ ..!%..
sd{ ;d'bfonfO{ ltdL j]baf6 pTkGg / j]bnfO{ cljgfzL k/dfTdfaf6 pTkGg ePsf] hfg .
o;af6 ;j{JofkL k/d cIf/ k/dfTdf ;w}+ o1df k|ltli7t 5 eGg] l;4 x''G5 ..
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– sd{ ;d'bfonfO{ ltdL j]baf6 pTkGg ePsf] / j]bnfO{ cljgfzL
k/dfTdfaf6 pTkGg ePsf] eg]/ hfg . j]b zAbsf] cy{ 1fg xf] hf] s]jn ;+lxtfdf dfq lge{/ 5}g .
1fg ultzLn x'G5, cj?4 x'Fb}g . 1fg s/f]8f}+ ;+lxtfx¿df pNn]v u/]/ klg k"/f x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg]
1fg cgGt 5 . xfd|f] sd{ b'O{ k|sf/af6 pTkGg x'G5 . Pp6f sd{ c1fgaf6 pTkGg x'G5 hf] xfdL
;b}j u5f}{+, hxfF stf{ / cxª\sf/ pkl:yt x'G5 . h'g s'/f k/dfTdfn] u5{g\ eGg] efj pTkGg x'G5,
Tof] 1fgaf6 pTkGg sd{ xf] hxfF cxª\sf/ x'Fb}g . cxª\sf/ / c1fg ;+o'Qm 36gf xf] eg] 1fg /
lg/xª\sf/ klg ;+o'Qm 36gf xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o1¿kL sd{ 1fgaf6 pTkGg sd{ xf] hf] k/dfTdfaf6 pTkGg ePsf] 5 .
xfdL j]b k/dfTdfn] /r]sf] xf] jf k/dfTdfsf] d'vsf] jf0fL xf] eG5f}+“ . of] k|tLsfTds syg xf] .
r]tgf ha lg/xª\sf/ x'G5, ta k/dfTdf ToxfF plqP/ cfkm}F k|j]z u5{ . oyfy{df ToxL lg/xª\sf/L
z'4 r]tgfn] j]b n]v]sf] xf] / o;nfO{ k/dfTdfn] n]v]sf] eGg' Ps k|sf/n] l7s} klg xf] lsgeg] ToxfF
JolQm cfkm" geO{ k/dfTdf g} eO;s]sf] x'G5 . pgLx¿n] ToxL n]v] hf] k/dfTdfn] pgLx¿leq /x]/
n]vfP . To;}n] of] n]Vg] JolQmx¿n] xfdL t s]jn dfWod xf}F jf:tjdf n]Vg t k/dfTdfn] g}
nufPsf] xf] eg]sf 5g\ . ha s'g} JolQmdf 1fg k|fKt x'G5, Tof] k/dfTdfaf6 dfq k|fKt x'G5 . 1fg
k/dfTdfsf] :jefj xf], hf] k|sfz h:tf] 5 . h'g sd{af6 b'v, aGwg, ;Gtfk–kL8f k|fKt x'G5 Tof]
c1fgaf6 pTkGg ePsf] sd{ xf] . h'g sd{af6 aGwg k}bf x'Fb}g, cfgGb Pjd\ lglZrGttf / d'lQm
kmlnt x'G5 Tof] 1fgaf6 k|fKt sd{ xf] eGg] hfGg'k5{ . cxª\sf/sf] cg'kl:ylt ePdf k/dfTdfsf]
pkl:ylt aG5 . To;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;j{JofkL k/d cIf/ k/dfTdf ;w}+ o1df k|lti7t 5 .
xfdLdf stf{efjsf] cledfg x6]df k/dfTdf tTsfn xfdLdf k|j]z ug{'x'g] 5 .
Psk6s 6f]lsof] ljZjljBfnosf bz{gzf:qsf k|fWofks h}g kmls/ afs]O;Fu e]6\g uP .
;To hflg;s]sf JolQmaf6 oyfy{ kQf nufpg pgL 7'nf] si6;fy psfnf] r9]/ k'u]sf] x'Fbf ylst

nf]suLtf– 92
 cWofo–#
lyP . pgn] afs]OnfO{ e]6\gf;fy ;To s] xf], k/dfTdf s] xf] / wd{ s] xf], eGfL k|Zg u/] . afs]On]
Psl5g la>fd ug{ cfu|x ub}{ eg] d lrof lnP/ cfpF5' x'g ;S5 lrof lkpFbf lkpFb} tkfO{+n] cfˆgf]
k|Zgsf] pQ/ kfpg'x'g] 5 . k|fWofksn] pgnfO{ kfun ;lDemP . lrof / k|Zglar s'g} tfnd]n s;/L
x'g ;S5 eGg] pgnfO{ nfUof] . lrof lkpg'afx]s ljsNk klg lyPg . afs]On] lrof skdf vGofpg
yfn] . sk el/P/ kf]lvg yfn]kl5 klg pgL /f]lsPgg\ . Tof] b[Zo b]v]/ k|fWofksn] lrof kf]lvg
yfn]sf] tkfO{+n] b]Vg'ePg eg]/ afs]OnfO{ eg] . afs]On] tkfO+{ ;To, wd{ / k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg cfpg'
ePsf] 5≤ t/ s] tkfO{+leq of] hfGgsf nflu clnslt klg 7fpF afFsL 5 eg]/ ;f]w] . of] ;'gL
k|fWofks x8a8fpFb} lrof klg glkP/ kmls{g nfu] . pgn] kmls{+bf afs]OnfO{ leq 7fpF vfnL agfP/
k'gM cfp5' eg] . ta afs]On] xfF:b} k|fWofksnfO{ hjfkm lbP– tkfO{n] leq 7fpF vfnL u/]kl5 oxfF
cfpg' g} kb}{g, k/dfTdf cfkm}+ tkfO{leq k|j]z ug]{ 5g\ . hxfF lg/xª\sfl/tf 36\5 ToxfF leq
vfnLkg x'G5 / k/dfTdf ToxfF :jod\ k|j]z ub{5g\ . o1¿kL sd{n] 1fgk"0f{ / d'lQmbfoL x'G5 .
Pj+ k|jlt{t+ rqm+ gfg'jt{otLx oM .
c3fo'l/lGb|of/fdf] df]3+ kfy{ ; hLjlt ..!^..
x] kfy{ Û h'g k''?ifn] nf]sdf j]bx¿åf/f :yflkt of] ;[li6rqmnfO{ u|x0f ub}{g jf lgb]{lzt sd{
ub}{g To:tf] OlG›ohGo ljifodf cf;Qm k'?if kfkk"0f{ hLjglt/ nfuL Joy{df g} afFRb5 ..
o:TjfTd/lt/]j :ofbfTdt[KtZr dfgjM .
cfTdGo]j r ;Gt'i6:t:o sfo{+ g ljBt] ..!&..
hf] cfkm“}+df cfglGbt 5, hf] :jo+ k|sflzt jf cfTd;\fIffTsf/af6 k"0f{ 5 / hf] leqL Åbob]lv
g} cfkm}+df k"0f{ ;Gt'i6 5 eg] To:tf] JolQmsf nflu s''g} st{Josd{ afFsL /xGg ..
g}j t:o s[t]gfyf]{ gfs[t]g]x sZrg .
g rf:o ;j{e"t]if' slZrby{Jokf>oM ..!*..
Tof] l;4 dxfk'?ifnfO{ o; ljZjdf g s'g} lgwf{l/t st{Jo ug{'kg]{ afWotf x'G5, g sd{ ug]{ s'g}
k|of]hg x'G5, g t st{Jo ;DkGg gug{'sf k5fl8 s'g} sf/0f g} x'G5 . ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿df pgLx¿sf]
lsl~rt\dfq klg :jfy{sf] ;DaGw x'bF }g, a? logLx¿ nf]ssNof0fbfoL sd{df nfU5g\ ..
dflysf Znf]sdf >Ls[i0fn] ;[li6sf] qmdcg';f/ hLjg s;/L lgjf{x ug]{ ;DaGwdf atfpg'
ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf cg';f/ hLjg;[li6sf] qmdcg';f/ / ;[li6sf] qmdsf] k|lts"n klg afFRg ;lsG5 .
dg'iox¿ klg hLjgsf] wf/f;Fu aUg] jf hLjgsf] qmddf ;+3if{ u/]/ afFRg] x''G5g\ . hf] JolQm
;[li6sf] qmdcg';f/ hLjgsf] wf/fdf aUb5g\ ltgLx¿ k/dfTdfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ wfld{stfk"j{s
hLjglgjf{x ub{5g\ . of] wfld{s JolQmx¿sf] nIf0f xf] . k/dfTdfnfO{ gdfGg] JolQmx¿ ljk/Lt
wf/fdf aUb5g\ / hLjgnfO{ kfkk"0f{ agfP/ Joy{ g} afFRb5g\ . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 x] kfy{ Û h'g
dg'ionf]sdf j]bx¿åf/f :yflkt of] ;[li6rqmnfO{ u|x0f ub}{g jf lglb{i6 sd{ ub}{g o:tf] dg'io
kfkk"0f{ hLjgdf nfu]/ Joy{ afFRb5 eg] hf] cfk}Fmdf cfglGbt, :jk|sflzt / k"0f{ ;Gt'i6 5 o:tf]
JolQmsf nflu s'g} st{Jo z]if /xFb}g . of] ;f/f hut\;Fu xfdL ;+o'Qm 5f}+“ / of] ;f/f hut\ xfdLaf6
leGg 5}g lsgeg] xfdL o;}df hlGdG5f}+“ / o;}df nLg x'G5f“}+ . To;}n] hf] JolQm hLjgsf] wf/f;Fu
n8\g vf]H5, Tof] ?U0f / ljlIfKt x'G5 . hLjgsf] qmddf aUg] JolQm dfq kl/k"0f{ / :j:y x'G5 . of]
hLjgsf] wf/fadf]lhd sd{ ug{ ;gftg wd{n] hLjgsf] kl/rfngsf] ;"q atfPsf] lyof] . k|ydtM
j0f{sf] cf–cfˆgf] :jwd{cg';f/sf] sd{ ug]{ Joj:yf ;gftg wd{n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] lyof] . bf];|f] ;[li6sf]
qmdcg';f/sf JolQmx¿n] pQm ;do;Dd hfg]sf] Joj:yfcg';f/ zf:q;Ddt sd{ ug]{ Joj:yf

nf]suLtf– 93
cWofo–#
lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP . >Ls[i0f kbfy{ / r]tgfnfO{ v08df afF8\g] jf ljeflht ug]{ xf]Og, cv08 agfP/
afFRg] Joj:yfsf af/]df atfpg'x'G5 .
klxn] zf:qn] hLjgnfO{ rf/ lx:;fdf ljeflht ub}{ JolQmx¿nfO{ klg rf/ j0f{df ljeflht
u/]sf] lyof] . of] hLjgsf] wf/f;Fu ;DalGwt lyof] . klxnf] lx:;f hf] klRr; jif{;Ddsf] lyof],
h;nfO{ a|Xdrof{>d elgof] . bf];|f] krf; jif{;Ddsf] cjlwnfO{ u[x:yf>d, t];|f] krxQ/ jif{;Ddsf]
cjlwnfO{ jfgk|:yf>d / rf}yf] ;o jif{;Ddsf] sfnnfO{ ;+Gof;f>d elgof] . klxnf] klRr; jif{
hLjgsf] k|eftsfn xf] hxfF hLjgsf] pmhf{ ljsl;t x'\G5 . z/L/ ;;Qm x'G5, OlG›ox¿ anzfnL
x'G5g\ . a'l4 t]h:jL x'G5 / of] hLjgsf] pHofnf] k|f/De x'g] a]nf xf] . of] k|eftsf] a]nfnfO{
a|Xdrof{>d elgG5 . a|Xdrof{>d ;+odsf] ;do xf] . h;;Fu zlQm ;~ro x'G5 p;}n] dfq ef]u
ug{ ;S5 / c;Qm JolQmn] hLjgsf] ef]uaf6 jl~rt x'g'k5{ . To;}n] klxnf] r/0f hLjgsf] tof/Lsf]
a]nf xf] . hf] JolQm k"0f{ ¿kdf ef]Ug ;S5 ToxL JolQmn] k"0f{ Tofu klg ug{ ;S5 . h;nfO{ hfGg
;lsG5 To;}af6 d'Qm klg x'g ;lsG5, oxL hLjgsf] clgjfo{ lgod xf] . klxnf] r/0fsf]
a|Xdro{kl5 bf];|f] klRr; jif{ cyf{t\ krf; jif{sf] cjlw;Dd sfdjf;gfsf] ef]udf ptfg]{ a]nf xf] .
dflg; u[x:yf>dsf a]nf sfdjf;gfsf] ulx/f] cg'ejaf6 u'lh|G5g\ . sfdjf;gfsf] ulx/f]
cg'ejaf6 g} JolQm To;af6 aflx/ lgl:sg ;S5 . h;n] o;nfO{ ulx/f] ¿kdf ef]u ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g
Tof] JolQm o;af6 lgl:sg klg ;Sb}g . cfh a'9f] JolQm klg sfdjf;gfsf] ulx/f] ef]u k"0f{ zlQmn]
gu/]sf sf/0f o;af6 lgl:sg / d'Qm x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . bf];|f] r/0fdf JolQmx¿sf] zlQmIfo ug]{ /
OlG›osf] ;'vnfO{ ef]Ug] ;do xf] / o; r/0fdf klg hLjgsf] qmdcg';f/ rNg'kb{5 .
of] bf];|f] r/0fdf zlQm;DkGg JolQm dfq sfdjf;gfaf6 d'Qm x'g ;S5g\ t/ sdhf]/ JolQm
;b}j o;df u|:t eP/ /xG5 . To;}n] ljutdf hlt zlQm;DkGg o'u lyof], Tof] sfdjf;gfaf6 d'Qm
lyof] . sfdjf;gfaf6 ?U0f ePsf] o'u sdhf]/ o''u xf] . sdhf]/ JolQm jf;gfdf hfg klg ;Sb}g,
s]jn jf;gfsf] lrGtg dfq u5{ . o:tf] JolQmsf] dl:tis sfd s]G›af6 x6]/ ultdfg\ x'G5 . To;}n]
klxnf] klRr; jif{ zlQm;~rosf] ¿kdf Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] . hlt zlQm;~ro eof], JolQm Tolt g}
OlG›ox¿sf] cg'ejdf ulx/f] hfg ;SYof] . JolQm hlt ulx/f] ¿kdf OlG›ox¿sf] ;'vdf hfG5 Tolt
g} OlG›ox¿af6 d'Qm klg x'g ;S5 . OlG›ox¿sf] cg'ejaf6 u'lh|P/ JolQmn] s] hfGg ;S5 eg]
OlG›ox¿af6 kfpgof]Uo s]xL klg 5}g . t/ OlG›oaf6 d'Qm x'gsf nflu OlG›ox¿sf] cg'ej ;'g]/
xf]Og cg'ej u/]/ dfq ;Dej x'G5 . hLjgsf] klxnf] qmd zlQm;~ro xf] / klxnf] r/0fsf] a|Xdro{
cf>ddf hLjgsf] dgf]j}1flgs If0f klg hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . Tof] If0f s7f]/ >dsf] r/0f xf] . h'g
JolQmsf] afNofj:yf hlt >dk"0f{ x'G5, p;sf] kl5Nnf] hLjg Tolt g} ;'vk"0f{ x'G5 . afNofj:yfdf
;'vk"0f{ hLjg lhpg] JolQmsf] cufl8sf] hLjg Tolt g} ljiffbdo / b'vk"0f{ x'G5 . ;'v ;bf
;fk]Iftfdf x'G5 . klxnf] r/0fsf] cf>d >d / ;fwgfsf] lyof] . To;}n] ;f] cjlwsf] hLjgdf
?vf;'Svf /f]6L cflb kl/>dsf] h] sdfO kfOG5, Tof] ;'vk"0f{ x'GYof] . cfh l7s pN6f] Joj:yf ug{
vf]lhPsf] 5 To;}n] To;sf] b'ikl/0ffd eljiodf ef]Ug'kg]{ x'G5 .
klxnf] clws >dzlQm ePsf] a|Xdrof{>dsf] >dk"0f{ hLjg kl5 uP/ sd >dk"0f{ x'G5, hf]
hLjgsf] ;xL qmddf lyof] lsgeg] clws >dzlQm ePsf] cj:yfdf g} clws >d ug{' pko'Qm
x'G5 . cfh aRrf sd >d u5{g\ / a'9f JolQmx¿ clws >d u5{g\ . To;}sf] kl/0ffd cfh zlQm
ePsf JolQmx¿ pk›jL ePsf 5g\ . cfhsf a|Xdro{df /xg] cj:yfsf o'jfx¿ zlQmsf] ;xL
pkof]u ug{ gkfP/ ljZjljBfnodf tf]8kmf]8, cfuhgL nufotsf sfd ug{ plåUg ePsf 5g\ .

nf]suLtf– 94
 cWofo–#
a]sfd ePsf sf/0f logLx¿sf] zlQm unt lbzfdf k|jflxt ePsf] 5 . lxhf] o:t} zlQm ePsf
JolQmx¿ u'?s'ndf bfp/f sf6\y], hxfF pgsf] zlQm pkof]u x'GYof] / u'?s'ndf a|Xdro{sf] cj:yfdf
Ifdtfsf] ljsf;df pgLx¿ ;+nUg x'Gy] . oyfy{df pgLx¿sf] ;dodf lj>fd lyPg . klxnf] r/0fdf
k"0f{ >dsf] Joj:yf lyof] / clGtd r/0fdf k"0f{ lj>fdsf] Joj:yf lyof] . lardf b'O{ l;F9Lx¿ lyP .
klxnf] r/0fdf JolQmsf] ljsf; k"/f x'GYof] . pQm cjlwdf JolQmdf cGtlg{lxt ;Defjgfx¿nfO{
;~ro ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof], hxfF s'g} lj>fdsf] If0f x'Fb}gYof] . oxL s7f]/ Pjd\ cys >dsf
sf/0f cfˆgf] zlQmnfO{ cfˆgf] ;Defjgfsf] dfu{df n}hfg] Joj:yf lyof] . hLjgofqfdf cufl8 h]
h:tf pknlAw k|fKt x'Gy] lTfgn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;Gtf]if lbGYf] . lxhf] ;Gtf]ifsf] Joj:yf hLjgsf]
qmd;Fu hf]l8Psf] lyof], hf] cfh c:tJo:t ePsf] 5 . To;}n] t cfh ;Gtf]if s'g} klg s'/faf6
k|fKt x'Fb}g .
of] a|Xdro{sf] cj:yfdf csf]{ klg Joj:yf hLjgsf] lx:;fsf] ¿kdf lyof] . hLjg ;fDojfbL
lyof] . ;dfgtf / ;fd"lxstf (Commune) sf] Joj:yf lyof] . /fhf, wgL, ul/a ;a}nfO{ Ps}
lsl;dsf] Joj:yf lyof] . /fhfsf] 5f]/fn] klg hËnaf6 bfp/f sf6]/ Nofpg'kYof{], u'?sf] ;]jf ug{'
kYof]{ / ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t hLjgJoj:yf latfpg''kb{Yof] . Tof] ;dfgtfsf] cjlw ePsfn] ;dfhdf
c;dfgtfsf afah'b JolQmsf Åbodf s'g} c;dfgtf lyPg . of] ;dfhsf] k|fylds cfwf/lznf
:yfkgf ug]{ sfn lyof] .
bf];|f] cf>d u[x:yf>d lyof] . klRr; jif{sf] a|Xdro{sf] lzIffkl5 ca p;nfO{ bf];|f ]
r/0fdf j}jflxs hLjgsf] yfngL;Fu} OlG›o ;'vdf k|j]z ug]{ df}sf k|fKt x'GYof] . p;nfO{ a|Xdro{sf]
p2]Zo / dd{af/] klxnf] r/0fdf l;sfOPsf sf/0f JolQmn] ca a|Xdro{ / u[x:yL hLjgnfO{ t'ngf
ug{ ;SYof] . casf] jf;gfsf] ef]uaf6 p;n] klxnf] r/0fsf] a|Xdro{nfO{ t'ngf ug{ ;SYof] / ha
a|Xdro{nfO{ jf;gf;Fu t'ngf g} ug{ g;lsg] kfpFYof], ta jf;gf p;sf nflu s]jn st{Jo dfq
/xg hfGYof] . p;sf] dgf]efj o; cfzfn] ls d s;/L a|Xdro{nfO{ pknAw x'g ;s""“ eg]/ csf]{
r/0fsf nflu k|tLIff ul//xGYof] . a|Xdro{ / jf;gfsf] t'ngf ug{ uf¥xf] x'G5 . of] t To; JolQmn]
dfq hfGb5, hf] JolQm a|Xdro{af6 u'lh|;s]sf] x'G5 cGoyf xfdLx¿n] t'ngf ubf{ t Ps :qL jf
k'?ifaf6 ;'v gkfP csf]{af6 kfpg ;lsG5 ls eg]/ dfq t'ngf ub{5f}+ . xfdL JolQm abn]/ ;'v
vf]H5f“}+ t/ cj:yf abn]/ ;'v vf]Hb}gf“}+ lsgeg] xfdLnfO{ cGo cj:yfsf] s'g} hfgsf/L g} 5}g .
To;}n] jf;gfsf] hut\df k|j]z ug{'cl3 a|Xdro{sf] cj:yfaf6 u'lh|g' clgjfo{ x'G5 cGoyf jf;gfn]
xfdLnfO{ d[To'j/0f gu?Gh]n;Dd klg 5f]8\b}g .
a|Xdro{ cj:yf eGbf To;kl5sf] u[x:yf>dsf] cj:yf cToGt lg/; x'G5 / t'ngfof]Uo g}
x''Fb}g . bf];|f] r/0fsf] cj:yfdf olb t'ngfTds cWoog ul/P jf;gf s]jn st{Josd{ dfq x''G5 .
To;}n] hf] JolQm ;Gtfgk|flKtsf nflu sfdjf;gfdf plqG5 Tof] JolQm a|Xdrf/L h:t}
x'G5 . krf; jif{sf] pd]/df p;sf ;Gtfgx¿ cf>daf6 kmls{g] ;do x'G5 . Tof] pd]/ p;sf]
;Def]usf] pd]/ geO{ ca sfdjf;gfaf6 d'Qm x'g] cj:yf xf] . h'g lbg 5f]/f ljjflxt x'G5, ToxL
lbg afa'–cfdf ca hËn hfg] ;do cfof] eGg] k|:6 x'G5 . p;sf] u[x:yf>dsf cg'ejx¿
;Gtfgn] klg hfGg h?/L x'G5 . To;}n] olb pm hª\un uof] eg] p;sf] cg''ejaf6 p;sf
;Gtfgx¿ ljd''v x'g] 5g\ . 3/ Pjd\ cGo cg'ejx¿ k|fKt ug{ hf] ;Gtfgx¿ jl~rt 5g\,
pgLx¿nfO{ tL s'/f x:tfGt/0f gu/L pm hËn hfg' pko'Qm x'Fb}g . To;}n] pm jfgk|:yL eP/ Tof]
cg'ej cfˆgf ;GtfgnfO{ l;sfpF5 . p;sf gfltx¿ u'?s'naf6 pm krxQ/ jif{ x''Fbf 3/ cfpg] /

nf]suLtf– 95
cWofo–#
u[x:yf>ddf k|j]z ug]{ ;do x'G5 / p;sf 5f]/f cfˆgf 5f]/fnfO{ cfˆgf] cg'ej l;sfpg ;Sg]
cj:yfdf x'G5g\ . To;}n] krxQ/ jif{df JolQm ;a};Fu labfaf/L eP/ hËn k|:yfg ug]{ cToGt
j}1flgs Joj:yf hLjgsf] qmddf lyof] .
ca ;+;f/nfO{ x]g]{ s'/faf6 lgl:sP/ cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{ wGo agfpg] ;do Tof] JolQmnfO{
k|fKt x'G5 . To;}n] casf] klRr:f jif{sf] hLjg k|e':d/0fsf] hLjg x'g] 5 / o;/L hª\undf uPsf]
/ k|e':d/0f / lrGtgdf nfu]sf] JolQmn] g} klxnf] r/0fsf JolQmx¿nfO{ u'?sf] sd{ u/]/ lzIff k|bfg
ug]{ Joj:yf lyof] . h'g ;dfhdf a'9f / cg'ejL JolQm u'? x'Fb}gg\ Tof] ;dfhdf ;xL cy{df u'? g}
x'Fb}gg\ / o:tf] jf;gfz"Go JolQm g} k"hgLo u'? x'g ;S5 . To;}n] o:tf] lgjf{;gfo'Qm j[4 u'?nfO{ u'?
jf eujfg\ elgPsf] xf] . cfhsf u'?;Fu s]jn ;"rgf 5, t/ hLjgsf] d"No / uxg 1fg eg] 5}g .
o:tf] hLjgsf] qmlds Joj:yfcg';f/ zf:q;Ddt rf}yf] cf>d ;+Gof;f>d xf] . >Ls[i0f ch'{gnfO{
eGg'x'G5– hf] o;k|sf/sf] zf:q;Ddt cf>d Joj:yfdf k|j]z u5{, p;n] cg's"n hLjg afFRb5 .
p;nfO{ OlG›osf] ;'v t k|fKt x'G5 g}, cGttM cfTdfsf] cfgGb klg pknAw x'G5 . hLjgsf] qmddf
cGttM o:tf] cj:yfdf k'U5, hxfF ug{' / gug{'df s'g} e]b /xFb}g .
ch{'gnfO{ >Ls[i0f o; hLjg–qmdsf af/]df atfpg'x'G5– clxn] ltdL Tof] cj:yf / l:yltdf
5}gf} hxfFaf6 ltdL ;GGof;df hfg ;S5f} . ltdL hLjgsf] qmdcg';f/ ;GGof;L eP/ d'Qm x'g]
l:yltdf k'u]sf 5}gf} . clxn] ltdLn] 5gf]6 u¥of} eg] Tof] ltd|f] unt 5gf]6 x'g ;S5 . t/ hLjgdf
Pp6f o:tf] If0f cfpF5 hxfF cfˆgf] 5gf]6ljgf g} JolQm ug{' / gug{' a/fa/sf] l:yltdf k'u]/ p;df
;GGof; kmlnt x'G5 . >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ k|ydtM hf]8 lb“+b} pgsf] :jwd{ Iflqo wd{ xf] eg]/
atfpg'eof], hf] ;gftg ¿kdf vf]lhPsf] j}1flgs j0f{Joj:yfsf] hfgsf/L lyof] . j0ff{>d dg'io
hfltsf nflu ul/Psf] dxfg\ Joj:yf lyof] . ToxL zf:q;Ddt Joj:yf adf]lhd ltdL sd{ u/ .
ltdLn] zf:qx¿n] atfPcg';f/ cfr/0f u¥of} eg] Pslbg lglZrt ¿kdf ToxfF k'Ug] 5f}, hxfF ltdL
clxn] k'Ug vf]lh/x]sf 5f} cyf{t\ ;GGof;L x'g] 5f} / ltdL d'Qm klg x'g] 5f} . ltdL To;nfO{
:jefjtM cfpg b]pm cfˆgftkm{af6 cgfjZos efubf}8 gu/ . hLjgsf] 5fn;Fu n8\of}+“ eg] xfdL
plNemG5f}F . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hLjgsf] qmddf ;[li6sf] h] qmd 5 To;};Fu xtf/ gu/]/ w}o{
/fv]/ au . o;/L au]/ hf] cfk}Fmdf cfglGbt / ;Gt'i6 x'G5 To:tf] JolQmsf nflu s'g} st{Jo afFsL
x'Fb}g, g sd{ ug]{ s'g} k|of]hg x'G5, g t st{Josd{ ;DkGg gug'{sf k5fl8 s'g} sf/0f x'G5 .
p;nfO{ t s'g} c¿ hLjfTdfdfly lge{/ /xg] cfjZostf klg /xFb}g a? p cfkm}F nf]ssNof0fsf/L
sd{df nfUb5 . hLjgsf ;a} sd{ ubf{ub}{ klg stf{efj x6\g]lalQs}, ;'v–b'v, xf/–lht a/fa/ x'g]
cj:yf cfkm}+ cfpF5 .
t:dfb;QmM ;tt+ sfo{+ sd{ ;dfr/ .
c;Qmf] Xofr/Gsd{ k/dfKgf]lt k"?ifM ..!(..
t;y{ OlG›ohGo ef]uk|lt cf;lQm g/fvL lg/Gt/ cf;lQm/lxt eP/ sd{ u/ . cf;lQm/lxt
sd{åf/f dflg;n] k/dk'?ifnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 ..
sd{0f}j lx ;+l;l4dfl:ytf hgsfboM .
nf]s;ª\u|xd]jflk ;DkZoGst{'dx{l; ..@)..
lgisfd sd{åf/f g} hgs cflb /fhfx¿ klg cf;lQm/lxt sd{åf/f k/dl;l4df k|fKt eP .
To;}n] nf]s;ª\u|xnfO{ x]/]/ lzIff lbg] p2]Zon] klg ltdL lgisfd sd{ ug{ of]Uo 5f} ..

nf]suLtf– 96
 cWofo–#
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL o;k|sf/ efUg gvf]h / efUg] s'/f klg g;f]r lsgeg] efUg' ;Dej
g} 5}g . h] ;Dej 5, ltdL ToxL u/ . x] ch{'g Û ltdL cgf;Qm sd{sf lglDt pknAw xf]pm .
cgf;Qm x'g' cf;Qm / lj/Qm x'g' xf]Og . xfdL s'g} lrhk|lt ls t cfslif{t of t ljslif{t x'G5f}+“ .
s'g} ;'Gb/ j:t' b]Vbf To;nfO{ kfpg] clenfiffsf sf/0f dgdf cf;lQm a9\5 / olb j:t' ;'Gb/
geP dgdf lj/lQm 5fpF5 . of] xfd|f] b'O{ k|sf/sf] cg'ej xf] . cgf;lQm cf;lQm / lj/lQmsf]
dWoljGb' xf], hxfF g cfsif{0fn], g ljsif{0fn] g} sfd ub{5 . hxfF s'g} klg lrhk|lt b[li6sf]0f g}
/xFb}g, xfdL s]jn ;fIfL dfq x'G5f“} . cf;lQm / lj/lQm Pp6} l;Ssfsf b'O{ kf6f x'g\ . xfdL h'g
s'/fdf cfslif{t x'G5f}+ ToxL s'/fdf ef]ln ljslif{t klg x'g ;S5f}+ . Pp6fk|ltsf] cf;lQm k"/f x'g]
lalQs} To;k|lt cfsif{0f ;dfKt eP/ csf]{ gofFk|ltsf] cf;lQm ;'? x'G5 .
cgf;Qmsf] cy{ xfdLnfO{ s'g} klg lrhn] g cfslif{t ub{5, g t ljslif{t g} ub{5, s]jn
;fIfL dfq aGb5 eGg] xf] . a'4n] cgf;lQmnfO{ cf;lQm / lj/lQm b'j}lt/af6 pk]Iff eGg'ePsf] 5 .
dxfjL/n] o;nfO{ jLt/fu eGg'ePsf] 5 . hxfF /fu / lj/fu b'j} xF'b}g Tof] g} jLt/fu xf] . cf;Qm /
lj/Qm b'j} sd{ u5{g\ / b'j}sf] sd{ ug]{ 9Ëdfq ljk/Lt x'G5 t/ logLx¿sf] lrQdf s'g} km/s x'Fb}g
/ u'0f wd{df klg s'g} kl/jt{g x'Fb}g . cgf;Qm JolQm ;fIfL Pjd\ k|ltlqmofljxLg cj:yfdf x'G5 .
cgf;Qm JolQm h] 5 ToxL x''G5 To;df p;sf tkm{af6 s'g} ;+nUgtf jf k|ltlqmof x'Fb}g . cgf;Qm
k'?if k/dfTdfn] hLjgdf h] h:tf] NofpF5g\ To;nfO{ ;fIfL efjn] s]jn r'gfj/lxt eP/ x]b{5 .
>Ls[i0fn] hgssf] pbfx/0f lbFb} eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL t j}/fUosf] s'/f ug]{ hgs h:tf] 1fgL
klg 5}gf} . hgsh:tf 1fgLn] klg 5f]8]/ efu]gg\ . pgn] k/dfTdfnfO{ wGojfb k|bfg u/]/ cgf;Qm
eO{ r'krfk :jLsf/ efjn] hLjgofkg u/] .
hxfF xfdL b'O{ zlQm b]V5f“}+, ToxfF t];|f] zlQm klg x'G5 . b'O{ t xfdLn] ;bf b]V5f}+ t/ t];|f]
zlQm ;fdfGotM b]lvGg . cf;Qm / lj/Qm b'j}nfO{ b]Vg ;lsG5 . cgf;Qmn] hf] cfslif{t jf ljslif{t
eO/x]sf] 5 To;nfO{ klg / hf] b'j} b]lv/x]sf] 5 To;nfO{ klg b]Vb5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5–
ltdL o;}df k|ltli7t xf]pm . o;}df k|ltli7t x'g' ltd|f] nflu dËn Pjd\ lxtsf/L x'G5 . o;df
nf]sdËn klg 5 . cf;Qm / lj/Qm b'j} cfgGbdf hfg ;Sb}gg\, lsgeg] hf] :jod\ cfgGbdf 5}gg\
pgLx¿n] c¿nfO{ klg cfgGb k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] k|Zg g} p7\b}g . logLx¿ cf;lQm / lj/lQmsf
sf/0fn] ubf{ tgfjn] el/Psf x'G5g\ . Pp6f kf]v/Ldf 9'Ëf ˆofFSbf Tof] kfgL leq 8''A5 t/ To;sf]
t/Ë eg] k/;Dd kfgLdf km}nG5 . xfdL tgfjdf x'Fbf klg xfd|f] t/Ë o;} k|sf/n] s}og\
JolQmx¿nfO{ :kz{ u/]/ s}og\ JolQmx¿sf] hLjgdf cdËn k}bf u5{ .
s]jn cgf;Qm JolQmsf] lrQdf b'v, lrGtf, tgfj / kL8fsf ljs[t t/Ëx¿ k}bf x'Fb}gg\ .
logLx¿af6 p7\g] ;a} k|sf/sf t/ª\u dª\unsf/L x'G5g\ . To;}n] cgf;Qm JolQmsf] sd{nf]s dª\un
cyf{t\ sNof0fsf/L x'G5 . xfdL rf}la;} 306f xfdLn] ef]u]sf 36gfx¿ ljs]lG›t u5f}{+≤ k|To]s JolQm
x/kn kf]v/Ldf kTy/ ˆofFs]h:t} t/Ë p7fO/xG5 / To;nfO{ ˆofFls/xG5 . xfdLx¿n] p7fPsf] t/Ë
xfdLeGbf cgGt k/ /x]sf tf/fx¿;Dd klg k'Ub5 . j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\ %) xhf/ u|xx¿df hLjg
5 / pgLx¿n] rf/ ca{ tf/fx¿sf af/]df kQf nufPsf 5g\ . k|To]s JolQmaf6 p7]sf] t/Ë JolQm
;dfKt eP klg a|Xdf08df cgGt ¿kdf rln g} /xG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cgf;Qm JolQmleq h'g
u'0f ljsl;t x'G5, To;af6 cGhfgdf p;af6 p7]sf] t/Ën] dg'iox¿sf] nf]ssNof0f ub{5 . To;}n]
x] ch{'g Û ltdL nf]sdª\unsf nflu klg cgf;Qm xf]pm . cfˆgf nflu t of] cfgGbbfoL 5Fb} 5,
c¿sf nflu klg cfgGbbfoL x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 97
cWofo–#
hgs cflb dxfg\ k'?ifx¿n] ;a} hfg]/ klg hLjgaf6 efUg] s'g} r]i6f u/]gg\ . ltdL klg
gefu . efu]/ slxn] klg sf]xL sxL+ st} k'Ug ;Sb}g . efUgfn] slxn] klg sf]xL ¿kfGtl/t klg
x'Fb}g . hfGg] JolQmx¿ efUb}gg\ s]jn ¿kfGtl/t x'G5g\ . lj/lQm cf;lQmaf6 efUg' xf] / hf] JolQm
cf;lQmdf afFRb5 p;sf] dgdf ;bf lj/lQmsf] efj cfO{ g} /xG5 lsgeg] hLjg w|'jLo (Polar) 5 .
oxfF k|To]s lrhsf] bf];|f] „'j 5 . lah'nLsf] Negative-Positive Pole h:t} cFWof/f]–pHofnf], hGd–
d[To', ;'v–b'v HfLjgsf b'O{ „'j 5g\ . hf] JolQm cf;lQmdf afFRb5 p;nfO{ ;os8f}+ k6s lj/lQmsf]
efj cfO/xG5 . slxn]sfxLF s'g} If0fdf ;a} a]sf/ 5≤ t;y{ oL ;a}nfO{ 5f]l8lbG5' h:tf] nfU5 t/
s]xL If0fdf Tof] efj ;dfKt eP/ k'gM ;a} ;fy{s nfUg yfN5 . cgf;Qm JolQmsf] hLjgdf dfq
o:tf] efj pTkGg x'Fb}g . pm l:y/ x'G5 lsgeg] p;df lj/lQm / cf;lQm b''j} x''Fb}g Pjd\ p;df s'g}
ljk/Lttf g} x''Fb}g . To;}n] cgf;Qm JolQm b]jTjdf cyf{t\ a|Xddf k|j]z u5{ . cgf;Qm efj sd{df
;fIfL aGg' xf] .
oBbfr/lt >]i7:tQb]j]t/f] hgM .
; oTk|df0f+ s'?t] nf]s:tbg'jt{t] ..@!..
>]i7 k'?ifx¿n] h:tf] h:tf] Jofjxfl/s cfr/0f ub{5g\ cGo ;fdfGo dflg;x¿n] To;sf]
cg';/0f ub{5g\ . dxfk'?ifx¿n] pbfx/0fLo sfo{ u/]/ h:tf] cfbz{ :yflkt ub{5g\, cGon] To;sf]
cg';/0f ub{5g\ ..
dg'iosf] lrQsf] Pp6f nIf0f gSsn ug{' xf] . (( k|ltzt JolQmx¿ k|fdfl0fs jf
cflwsfl/s x'Fb}gg\ . pgLx¿ s]jn gSsn dfq u5{g\ . ;fgf] afnsn] ;a} s'/fx¿ gSsn u/]/
l;s]h:t} clws JolQmx¿ afNofj:yfb]lv g} gSsn ug{ yfN5g\ . pgLx¿ pd]/ eP/ klg gSsn
u/]/ g} afFRb5g\ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGb} x'g'x'G5– ltdL TfL k'?ifx¿dWo] >]i7 5f}, h;df cg]sf}+
JolQmx¿ ltdLnfO{ x]/]/ hLjg afFRg rfxG5g\ . ltdLn] h] ug]{ 5f}, pgLx¿ klg ToxL ug]{ 5g\ / olb
ltdL hLjgaf6 efUof} eg] pgLx¿ klg ltdL h:t} efUg] 5g\ . a'4n] ha ;GGof; lng'eof], ta
xhf/f“}+ JolQmx¿ klg ;GGof;L ag] . a'¢sf] ;GGof; t k|fdfl0fs lyof] t/ pxfFsf] gSsn ug]{
JolQmx¿ a'4sf] x}l;otsf lyPgg\ . dxfjL/sf nflu ;GGof; lgolt lyof], t/ pxfFsf
cg'ofoLx¿sf] Tof] x}l;ot lyPg .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– tL xhf/f“}+ JolQmx¿ ltdLnfO{ x]/]/ afFRb5g\ . x] ch{'g Û ltdL o; ;dodf
nfvf}F JolQmx¿sf cfbz{ k'?if xf} . ltdLnfO{ k5\ofpg] JolQmx¿ cTolws 5g\≤ To;}n] olb ltdL
hLjgaf6 efUof} eg] tL nfvf}+ JolQmx¿ klg ltdLnfO{ k5\ofpFb} efUg] 5g\ . ltdL lj/Qm eP/
knfog eof} eg] pgLx¿ klg knfog x'g] 5g\ . To;}n] ltdL cgf;Qm xf]pm tfls ltd|f
cg'ofoLx¿sf Åbodf klg km"n km'Ng ;sf];\ . ltdLnfO{ x]/]/ sltko JolQmx¿n] cfˆgf] uGtJo
agfpF5g\ . ltdL cgf;Qm eof} eg] pgLx¿sf] hLjg klg dª\undo x'g] 5 .
g d] kfyf{l:t st{Jo+ lqif' nf]s]if' ls~rg .
gfgjfKtdjfKtJo+ jt{ Pj r sd{l0f ..@@..
x] ch{'g Û d]/f nflu tLg} nf]sdf ug}{kg]{ s'g} st{Jo 5}g . d]/f nflu g s'g} k|fKt ug{ of]Uo
j:t' 5g\, g t OR5f u/]/ gkfOPsf s'/fx¿ 5g\ t/ klg d lg/Gt/ sd{df g} nflu/xG5' ..
olb Xox+ g jt]{o+ hft' sd{0otlGb|tM .
dd jTdf{g'jt{Gt] dg'iofM kfy{ ;j{zM ..@#..

nf]suLtf– 98
 cWofo–#
x] kfy{ Û olb d}n] lgwf{l/t sd{ ;fjwfgLk"j{s ;DkGg ul/gF eg] 7'nf] xflg x''g] 5 lsgeg]
;Dk"0f{ dflg;x¿ d]/f] dfu{sf] cg';/0f ub{5g\ ..
pT;Lb]o'l/d] nf]sf g s'of{+ sd{ r]bxd\ .
;Í/:o r stf{ :ofd'kxGoflddfM k|hfM ..@$..
olb d}n] lgwf{l/t cfˆgf st{Josd{ ul/gF eg] ;f/f dflg;x¿ gi6e|i6 x'g] 5g\ . o; l:yltdf
d cjfl~5t ;Gtfg -j0f{zª\s/_ sf] ;|i6f aGg] 5' clg oL ;a} k|f0fLsf] ljgfzsf] sf/0f aGg] 5' ..
>Ls[i0f oxfF k/dfTdfsf] ¿kdf oL s'/f eGb} x'g'x'G5– dnfO{ ca s]xL klg kfpg' 5}g
lsgeg] d}n] ;a} kfO;s]sf] 5' / ca s'g} klg sd{ d]/f nflu afFsL 5}g lsgeg] d}n] ;a} sd{
ul/;s]sf] 5' / hf] kfpg' lyof] Tof] kfO;s]sf] 5' / h] ug{' lyof] Tof] klg ul/;s]sf] 5' . To;}n] ca
d]/f nflu s'g} st{Jo sd{ af“sL 5}g . k/dfTdfn] dfq o:tf] eGg ;S5g\ . /fd o;/L ;fx;k"j{s
eGg'x'Gg, To;}n] lxGb'x¿n] /fdnfO{ k"0f{ cjtf/ dfg]sf 5}gg\ . >Ls[i0f h:tf] lg/xª\sf/LnfO{ dfq
oqf] ;fx; pknAw 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– dnfO{ sd{ ug'{ s'g} cfjZostf 5}g tyflk …dÚ sd{
ul//x]sf] 5' . d ;a} sd{ 5f]8\g klg ;S5' t/ d}n] o;f] u/]+ eg] nfvf}+ JolQmx¿ h;nfO{ cem w]/}
kfpg afFsL 5 pgLx¿ klg sd{ ug{ 5f]l8lbG5g\ . k/dfTdfsf] ;fIffTsf/ ug{ gkfPsf JolQmx¿n]
ug{'kg]{ w]/} s'/fx¿ afFsL 5g\ lsgeg] pgLx¿n] s'g} d"Nojfg\ j:t' kfPs} 5}gg\ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
h:tf] k"0f{ JolQmn] sd{ ug{ 5f]8\g] xf] eg] xfdL h:tf] JolQm g 3/sf] g 3f6sf] x'G5f}+“ . xfdLn]
kfpgof]Uo kfPsf 5}gf}+ / hfGg of]Uo klg hfg]sf 5}gf}+“ . ToxL hfGg / kfpgof]Uo 5, hf] kfPkl5 jf
hfg]kl5 s]xL kfpg / hfGg z]if /xFb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– g d]/f] s'g} eljio 5 g t cfsfª\Iff g}
5 tyflk d sd{ ub}{ 5' . JolQmx¿ hf] csf/0f /f]lsPsf 5g\ ltgLx¿nfO{ s]xL kfpg] / hfGg]
lbzfdf cufl8 a9fpg >Ls[i0f h:tf] JolQmn] s?0ffk"j{s rNg'kl//x]sf] 5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– olb ltdL /f]lsof} eg] ltd|f nflu klg lxts/ x'g] 5}g lsgeg]
ltdLn] klg Tof] Hof]ltwf{d k|fKt u/]sf 5}gf} . To;}n] ltdLn] clxn] >d / ;fwgf ug{'kg]{ 5 . olb
/f]lsof} eg] ltdLnfO{ cfˆgf] cfb{z dfg]/ lxF8\g] nfvf“}+ JolQmx¿ klg /f]lsG5g\, hf] pgLx¿sf nflu
klg vt/gfs x'G5 . s[i0fsf] ;f/f ;lqmotf / s?0ff Hof]ltwf{d k'Ug afFsL JolQmx¿k|lt xf] . pxfFsf]
of] k|of; xfdL ;a}df ult cfcf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] xf] . >Ls[i0f k"0ff{jtf/ x'g'x'G5 . cjtf/ k'?if xfdL
Tof] JolQmnfO{ eG5f}+ h;nfO{ kfpg' s]xL klg 5}g, tyflk kfpg] JolQmx¿sf] lardf pkl:yt 5 .
cjtf/ xfdL To; JolQmnfO{ eG5f}+ h;nfO{ hfGg' s]xL z]if 5}g, tyflk hfGg] JolQmx¿sf]
kf7zfnfdf ;Fu} /xG5 . cjtf/ xfdL lhGbuLsf] 3gfkgdf plePsf] Tof] JolQmnfO{ eG5f}+, h;nfO{
ca lng' s]xL klg 5}g . cjtf/sf] cy{ Tof] JolQm h;n] k|fKt ug]{ s]xL s'/f z]if 5}g t/ klg
af6fdf k|tLIff/t 5 eGg] xf] .
a'4sf] hLjgsf af/]df Pp6f egfO 5≤ a'4sf] dxfkl/lgjf{0f ePkl5 pxfF df]Ifsf] åf/df
pleg' ePsf] 5 / åf/kfnn] pxfFnfO{ efjk"j{s :jfut u/]/ leq k|j]z ug{ laGtL u5{ . t/ a'4 leq
k|j]z ug{'x'Gg . åf/kfn ;ljgo cg'/f]w ub}{ eG5– nfdf] ;dob]lv xfdL xh'/sf] k|tLIffdf 5f}+ .
rfln; jif{ cl3 g} a'4sf] df]Ifsf] ofqf ;dfKt eO;s]sf] lyof] / h] kfpg'kg]{ xf] Tof] pxfFn]
kfO;Sg'ePsf] lyof] . df]Ifsf] åf/ rfln; jif{b]lv g} a'4sf nflu v'Nnf lyof] t/ clxn] klg k|j]z
gu/L pxfF åf/df pleg' ePsf] 5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– ha;Dd Ps hgf JolQm dfq klg d]/f kl5 x'g]
5g\, ltgn] df]If k|fKt gu/Lsg d leq k|j]z ulb{gF / d clGtd JolQm x'g rfxG5' . leIf' dxfkfq

nf]suLtf– 99
cWofo–#
eGg'x'G5– a'4 clxn] klg df]Ifsf] åf/df pleP/ k|tLIff ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . o; syfsf] clek|fo
ulx/f] / ;To 5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ;DemfpFb} eGg'x'G5– cfˆgf nflu dfq sd{ ug{' kof{Kt x'Fb}g / oyfy{df
sd{ t ;'? g} ta x'G5, ha of] csf{sf nflu x'G5 . cfˆgf nflu afFRg] JolQm af]emk"j{s afFR5 . ha
JolQm c¿sf nflu klg afFRb5, ta p;df k|e'sf] k|;fbsf] jiff{ x'g yfN5 . hLjgdf c¿sf nflu
afFRbf cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 . cfdf ha ;Gtfgsf nflu afFRbl5g\ ta pgL cfgGbn] el/lG5g\ .
If0fe/sf nflu klg c¿sf nflu afFRbf hLjg cfgGbn] el/G5 . h;n] ;a} kfO;Sof] pm c¿sf
nflu g} afFRb5 lsgeg] cfˆgf nflu afFRg] t s'g} sf/0f g} z]if /xFb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{
eGg'x'G5– ltdL cfˆgf nflu ljrf/ u/ lsgeg] ltd|f] ofqf afFsL 5 / hf] ltdLnfO{ k5\ofO/x]sf 5g\
pgLx¿sf] af/]df ljrf/ u/ lsgeg] pgLx¿sf] t nfdf] ofqf g} afFsL 5 . >Ls[i0f k'gM eGg'x'G5–
d}n] klg lglb{i6 sd{ ul/gF eg] dg'iox¿ gi6 e|i6 x'g] 5g\ . o; :yltdf d cjfl~5t ;Gtfgsf]
;|i6f aGg] 5' / ;a} k|f0fLsf] ljgfzsf] sf/0f aGg] 5' .
;QmfM sd{0oljåf+;f] oyf s'j{lGt ef/t .
s'of{lååf+:tyf;QmlZrsLif{'nf]{s;ª\u|xd\ ..@%..
x] ef/t Û sd{sf] kmndf cf;Qm ePsf c1fgL hgx¿ h;/L sd{ ub{5g\, To;/L g} cgf;Qm
/x]/ ljåfg\hgn] nf]s;ª\u|x ug{] p2]Zon] sd{ ug{'k5{ ..
sd{df cf;Qm, c1fgL hgn] cf;lQmsf sf/0f sd{ ub{5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ wg, kb, k|lti7fsf]
cf;lQmn] g} sd{ u/fpF5 t/ cgf;Qm JolQmsf] s'g} o:tf] pTk|]/0ff (Motivation) x'Fb}g . To;}n]
p;sf] sd{ cf;Qm JolQm h:tf] x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{df cf;Qm JolQm h;/L sd{ ub{5g\
To;/L g} cgf;Qm JolQm klg cf;lQm/lxt eP/ sd{ u?g\ . To;f] ugf{n] sd{ Pp6f clego dfq
x'G5 . Pp6f cleg]tf Pj+ cleg]qLn] h;/L cfˆgf] gf6ssf] kf7 k"0f{tof g} u5{g\, To:t} cgf;Qm
JolQmn] klg sd{ ug{'k5{ t/ of] clego dfq xf] eg]/ hfGg'k5{ / o;f] ugf{n] p;sf] k"0f{tfn]
ul/Psf] clego cf;lQm/lxt x'G5 . >Ls[i0fnfO{ xfdL nLnfwf/L eG5f}+“ . pgsf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg
nLnfx¿n] el/Psf] 5 . pgnfO{ xfdL k"0f{ cjtf/ dfGb5f}+ t/ /fdsf] hLjgnfO{ xfdL nLnfdo
dfGb}gf}+ . /fdsf] lhGbuLdf v]n x'Fb}g, ToxfF ufDeLo{ Pj+ st{Jon] el/Psf] hLjg 5 . t/ >Ls[i0fsf]
hLjg Pp6f v]ndo 5 tyflk pxfF k"0f{tfn] ;a} s'/f ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] leq kljqtfn]
el/Psf] PsfGtkg 5 . To;}n] /fdsf] hLjg rl/qdo ePsf] 5 / >Ls[i0fsf] hLjgdf nLnf dfq
5 . rl/qdf hLjg ;+o'Qm / nLnfdf hLjg ljo'Qm x'G5 . s[Todf >Ls[i0f sd{eGbf aflx/ x'g'x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ k[YjL g} gf6ssf] d~rl;jfo s]xL klg xf]Og .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL sd{ t c1fgLx¿n] cf;lQmk"j{s u/]h:t} u/ t/ jf:tjdf
ltdL cgf;Qm xf]pm, cyf{t\ clego u/ . ltdL o'4 ul//x]sf 5f} eGg] g;f]r . ltdL clego
ul//x]sf 5f} eGg] ;f]r . /Ëd~rdf ltdL o'4df ljleGg JolQmnfO{ df5{' eg]/ g;f]r, of] clegodf
ul/g] xTof dfq xf] eGg] ;f]r . c1fgLhg hf] cfkm"nfO{ stf{ 7fG5g\ pgLx¿ cf;lQmdo sd{ u5{g\ .
ltdLn] sd{ c1fgL h:t} u/] klg x'G5 t/ stf{kg dfq Tofu . ltdL aflx/af6 xf]Og, leq}af6 of]
efj hufpm .Æ s[i0fsf] ;f/f hf]8 leqsf] efjnfO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug{' eGg] xf] . leqaf6 stf{kg ablng]
lalQs} JolQm cleg]tf dfq /xG5 . sd{ cf;Qm JolQm h:tf] t/ lrQ cgf;Qm JolQm h:tf] u/ .
o;n] ltd|f] / nf]ssf] klg sNof0f x'G5 . cgf;Qm JolQmsf] hLjg / sd{ s'g} ;t{df afFlwFb}g . Tof]
lg;t{ x'G5 / p;sf nflu ;f/f hut\ g} nLnf x'G5 ;fy} Tof] nf]ssNof0fsf nflu klg x'G5 . ch{'g

nf]suLtf– 100
 cWofo–#
t clxn] cf;Qm g} 5g\, cgf;Qm eO;s]sf 5}gg\ . To;}n] ch{'gnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ >Ls[i0fn] c¿sf]
lxtsf nflu ltdL cgf;Qm eP/ sd{ u/ eGg'ePsf] xf] . Iflqosf] dgdf nf]sdËnsf] efjgf x'G5 .
g a'l4e]b+ hgo]b1fgf+ sd{;lËgfd\ .
hf]ifo]T;j{sdf{l0f ljåfGo'QmM ;dfr/g\ ..@^..
1fgL k'?ifn] ;sfd sd{df cf;Qm ePsf c1fgLx¿sf] a'l4nfO{ e|ldt jf ljrlnt gu/fcf];\≤
k/dfTdf:j¿k 1fgL k'?ifn] zf:qljlxt sd{df cf;lQm /fVg] dg'iox¿nfO{ lglb{i6 ;a} sd{ /fd|/L ug{
/ pgLx¿nfO{ klg cfˆg} af6f]df lxF8\g k|]l/t u/f];\ ..
of] dxŒjk"0f{ ;"qdf >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fgL hgx¿n] c1fgL hgx¿nfO{ sd{k|lt c>4f
pTkGg u/fpg' x'Fb}g . c1fgLx¿sf] hLjgdf s'g} pTkft jf e|d gxf];\ eg]/ 1fgLx¿n] ljrf/
ug{'k5{ . 1fgLx¿sf] hLjg cToGt sf]dn Pj+ gfh's x'G5 . 1fgLsf] cj:yf kfunvfgfdf /x]sf] Tof]
JolQm h:t} x'G5, hf] kfun 5}g t/ kfunx¿sf lar /xg'k/]sf] 5 . 1fgLn] olb cfˆgf] cfr/0f
cfkm"n] hfg]sf] 1fgsf] cfwf/df u¥of] eg] Tof] s}og\ c1fgLx¿nfO{ e8\sfpg] sf/0f aGg ;S5 .
1fgLn] cfˆgf] :t/af6 hfg]sf] s'/f c1fgLnfO{ eGof] eg] c1fgLsf nflu Tof] vt/gfs ;flat x'g
;S5 . >Ls[i0f ;TonfO{ p¢fl6t ubf{ ;To ;f]em} eGg'x'Gg, xfd|f] cj:yf / :t/nfO{ klg ljrf/ u/]/
dfq eGg'x'G5 .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cgf;Qm JolQmn] c1fgLnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ sd{ ug{'k5{ . p;sf]
sd{nfO{ g} ga'‰g] JolQmn] p;nfO{ cg';/0f ubf{ xflg dfq k|fKt u5{ . ltdL o'4af6 efUof} eg]
ltdLnfO{ cg';/0f ug]{ JolQmn] klg ltdL h:t} ug]{ 5g\ . c1fgL JolQmn] x/]s sd{df ;Tosf]
b'?kof]u / c;Tosf] pkof]u u5{ . 1fgLn] o;sf/0f 5f]8\5 ls p;sf nflu ca kqmg' / gkqmg'
a/fa/ eO;s]sf] x'G5 . kfs]sf] kmn j[Ifaf6 em/]h:t} p;af6 sd{ :jtM 5'6\5 t/ sfFrf] kmnn] klg
kfs]sf] kmnsf] cg';/0f ub}{ emg{ vf]Hof] eg] Tof] kmn a]sf/ x'G5 . To;}n] kx]+lnPsf] kQf j[Ifaf6
em¥of] eg] Tof] s'lxFb}g t/ sfFrf] kft em¥of] eg] Tof] ;8\5 . c1fgL JolQmsf] cj:yf sfFrf] sf7nfO{
hnfpFbfsf] l:yltsf] x'G5, w'Fjf dfq a9L lgl:sG5 . hf] JolQm hLjgaf6 hfg]/ 5'6\5 Tof] JolQm
;'s]sf] bfp/f h:tf] x'G5 / OGwg aG5 t/ hf] JolQm ghfg]/ 5'6\g vf]H5, Tof] sfFrf] bfp/f h:tf]
x'G5 . 1fgLsf] hLjg t/jf/sf] wf/df lxF8]h:tf] x'G5 . p;n] cfˆgf] 1fgsf] klg Vofn /fVg'k5{ /
rf/}lt/ ePsf c1fgLx¿sf] klg Vofn /fVg'k5{ . p;n] o:tf] sd{ ug{'k5{ hxfF p;sf s[Ton] s'g}
c1fgLsf] >4fnfO{ rf]6 gk'¥ofcf];\ / hLjgnfO{ clezfk gagfcf];\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL o;/L
a; ls ltd|f sf/0f s'g} c1fgL hgsf] >4fnfO{ cf3ft gk'uf];\ / o:tf] k|of; u/ ls ltd|f]
cgf;lQmsf] ;'efifn] pgLx¿sf] hLjg klg ;'eflift x'g ;sf];\ . pgLx¿ klg hLjgdf /xFbf /xFb}
cgf;Qm x'g ;s"g\ . o:ff] u¥of} eg] z'edª\un x'g] 5, cGoyf cdª\un dfq k|fKt x'g] 5 .
k|s[t]M lqmodf0fflg u'0f}M sdf{l0f ;j{zM .
cxÍf/ljd"9fTdf stf{xldlt dGot] ..@&..
cxª\sf/n] df]lxt ePsf] hLjfTdfn] k|s[ltsf u'0fx¿af6 ePsf jf ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ sd{df klg
d g} …stf{ x'FÚ eGg] 7fGb5 ..
;d:t sd{ k|s[ltaf6 pTkGg ePsf] u'0fsf cfwf/df x'G5, t/ cxª\sf/n] jf c1fgn]
el/Psf] k'?if …d stf{ x'FÚ eg]/ dfGb5 . ;Dk"0f{ sd{ k|s[ltaf6 ul/Psf] x'G5 t/ h;nfO{ d ub{5'
eGg] nfUb5 Tof] p;sf] e|d dfq xf] Tof] sd{ klg k|s[ltaf6 g} ul/Psf] x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ s'g} cg'xf/
k|Llts/ nfU5 eg] Tof] nfUg'df xfd|f] 5gf]6 x'G5 t/ Tof] cg'xf/ /fd|f] nfUg'df of] d]/f] cfFvf /

nf]suLtf– 101
cWofo–#
k|s[ltsf] cfFvfdf tfnd]n eP/ /fd|f] nfu]sf] xf], s'g} ef]hg ld7f] nfUg'df k|s[ltsf] /; / ef]hgsf]
/;df tfnd]n x'gfn] :jflbi6 nfu]sf] xf] / To;df d sxfF 5' eg]/ hfGg'k5{ . olb xfdLn] sd{ /
cxª\sf/df ulDe/ ¿kdf 8'a]/ x]¥of}+ eg] cxª\sf/ Pp6f e|flGt dfq xf] . jf:tjdf ;a} s'/f hLjgn]
ul//x]sf] 5 . h] xfdLnfO{ ;'vb nfU5 Tof] klg k|s[ltsf] Pp6f u'0fwd{ xf] / b'v nfUg' klg To:t}
xf] . ;'v / b'v Pp6f tfnd]n xf] t/ d ;'vL of b'vL x'G5' eg]/ ;f]Rg' Pp6f e|flGt dfq xf] . hGd–
d[To', hjfgL–a''9\of}nL Pjd\ xf/–lht klg dleqsf] k|s[lt / aflx/sf] k|s[lt larsf] ;DaGw xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fgL k'?if d stf{ x'F eGg] c1fg, cxª\sf/ / e|ddf kb}{g . p;n] of] ;a}
k|s[ltn] ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] hfGb5 . of] ;a} k|s[ltn] ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] hfGgf;fy ;a} ;'v–b'v ;dfKt
x'G5g\ . of] ;a} k|s[ltsf] u'0fwd{sf] lj:tf/ xf] / xfdL o;df p7]sf] Ps nx/ jf c+z dfq xf}+ eGg]
p;nfO{ yfxf x'G5 . of] a'‰g] lalQs} hLjgdf cf;lQm–lj/lQm ;dfKt x'G5 / dg'ionfO{ 1fg k|fKt
x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL cfkm" nl8/x]sf] 5' eGg] g;f]r . of] t k|s[lt nl8/x]sf] 5 .
sf}/jx¿sf] cfˆgf] k|s[lt / u'0fwd{ 5 eg] kf08jx¿sf] cfˆgf] k|s[lt / u'0fwd{ 5 . oL b'j}sf lar
tfnd]n 5}g, To;}n] ;ª\3if{ eO/x]sf] 5 . >Ls[i0fsf] lx;fan] t of] wd{ / cwd{sf] n8fOF xf] /
k|s[ltsf b'O{ cnu wf/x¿ larsf] ;ª\3if{ xf] . o;df ch{'gsf] s'g} klg e"ldsf 5}g, s]jn e|flGt
dfq 5 . ch{'g d lhT5', d xf5{', d df5{' eGg] e|ddf 5g\ . of] ;a} t ;d'›sf] nx/df b]lvg] lkFmh
h:tf] dfq xf] . lkFmhnfO{ nfUg ;S5 d t nx/ / ;d'›dfly 5' t/ ;d'›sf] nx/sf] ;ª\3if{af6
pTkGg ePsf] lkFmh csf]{ nx/af6 x6]/ hfG5 . ch{'g / b'of]{wg b'j} ToxL lkFmhh:t} nx/ x'g\ . ;a}
s'/f k|s[ltn] lgwf{/0f ul5{g\ . ha s'g} JolQm cxª\sf/af6 d'Qm x'G5, ta p;sf lglDt ;'v–b'vsf]
s'g} cy{ klg z]if /xFb}g .
1fgL sd{ u/]/ klg stf{ aGb}g . 1fgL aflx/af6 x]bf{ ;a} s'/f u/] h:tf] x'G5 t/ leqaf6
z"Go x'G5 . 1fgLdf k|s[ltsf] u'0fwd{ aflx/ dfq x'G5 leq t klxnf] hGddf h:tf] lyof] To:t}
/xG5 . hjfg a'9f] x'G5, t/ leq pm ToxL /xG5 . 1fgL leq c:klz{t /xG5 t/ xfdL cxª\sf/sf]
sf/0fn] :klz{t x'G5f}+ . >Ls[i0f olt dfq eGg'x'G5– 1fgL sd{ u/]/ klg stf{ aGb}g / hf] stf{
aGb}g, p;n] hLjgsf] k/d ;TonfO{ hfGb5 .
tŒjljQ' dxfafxf] u'0fsd{ljefuof]M .
u'0ff u'0f]if' jt{Gt Olt dTjf g ;Hht] ..@*..
x] dxfafx' Û u'0f ljefu / sd{ ljefunfO{ hfGg]jfnf 1fgof]uLx¿n] ;Dk"0f{ u'0f u'0fdf g}
lqmofzLn 5g\ eGGf] ;DemG5g\ / pgLx¿df cf;lQm x'bF }g ..
hLjgnfO{ b'O{ k|sf/n] x]g{ ;lsG5 . Pp6f b[li6sf]0f hLjgnfO{ d s]Gb| x'F eg]/ dfGg' / bf];|f]
;f/f hLjg kl/lw xf] eg]/ 7fGg' xf] . klxnf] b[li6sf]0f cfkm"nfO{ hLjg¿kL 3'Dg] rqmsf] s]G› dfGg'
xf] h'g c1fg¿kL dgf]bzf xf] . c1fgL cfkm"nfO{ s]G› dfg]/ ;a} s'/f cfkm"af6 g} ePsf] 7fGb5 . g
pm k|s[ltsf] u'0fsf af/]df / g k/dfTdfsf] ;du|tfsf af/]df s]xL hfGb5 . pm s]jn cfkm"nfO{ stf{
dfq 7fGb5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] dxfafx' Û u'0f ljefu / sd{ ljefunfO{ hfGg]jfnf 1fgof]uL
;Dk"0f{ u'0f u'0fdf g} lqmofzLn 5g\ eGg] ;Dem]/ pgLx¿df cf;lQm x'Fb}g . cfheGbf #)) jif{
cl3sf] ;do;Dd dflg;x¿ k[YjL g} s]G› xf] / ;f/f ;"o{, rG›df nufotsf u|x k[YjLnfO{ kl/qmdf
u5{g\ egL ;f]Rby] . kf]NofG8sf lgsf]n; sf]klg{s; (Nicolaus Copernicus) n] k[YjLn] g} ;"o{sf]
kl/qmdf u5{, ;"o{n] k[YjLsf] xf]Og eGg] /x:o klxnf] k6s p4fl6t u/] . of] hfgsf/Ln] dg'iosf]

nf]suLtf– 102
 cWofo–#
cxª\sf/df rf]6 k'Uof] . c1fgLn] hut\sf] s]G› cfkm"nfO{ 7fGb5 / p;n] ;f/f hut\ p;}sf] kl/lwdf
3'Db5 eGg] ;f]Rb5 .
s]G› hxfF eP klg cfk""m kl/lwdf x'g kfpg' klg k/dfTdfsf] s[kfn] ;Dej ePsf] xf] eGg]
1fgL 7fGb5 . 1fgL eGb5– s]G› d xf]Og, s]G› t s]jn k/dfTdf dfq x'g'x'G5 . d t kl/lwdf
p7]sf] Pp6f nx/ dfq x'F . ha s;}n] p7fpF5, ta p7\5' / ha s;}n] lu/fpF5 ta lu5'{ . ha
s;}n] u/fpF5 jf /f]S5 ta 1fgL To;} cg';f/ g} u5{ . xfdLnfO{ hGd / d[To'sf] klg 1fg 5}g .
xfdLnfO{ Zjf; lsg leq hfG5, Tof] klg yfxf 5}g . jf:tjdf xfdL hut\df lsg 5f}+ eGg] klg yfxf
5}g . To;}n] 1fgL eG5– of] t lj/f6\sf] sd{ xf] / cfkm" To;sf] nx/sf] Pp6f 5]peGbf a9L xf]Og .
sd{ k/dfTdfsf] xf] / xf/–lht, ;'v–b'v cflb h] klg kmlnt x'G5g\ oL ;a} k|s[ltsf u'0f–bf]ifsf
kl/0ffd x'g\ . o:tf] hfGg] JolQmsf] hLjgdf cgf;lQm pTkGg x'G5 / p;n] hLjgdf 36\g] ;Dk"0f{
36gfx¿ qmf]w, 3[0ff, k|]d cflb k|s[ltsf] u'0fbf]ifaf6 pTkGg x'G5g\ eg]/ hfGb5 .
a'4sf] d[To' x'g] lbg pxfFnfO{ Pp6f cToGt ul/a JolQmn] ef]hgsf nflu af]nfP . pgn]
sf7df pld|Psf] hª\unL Rofpsf] t/sf/L / eft a'4nfO{ kl:sP . Tof] Rofp ljiffn' lyof] / a'4n]
vfg]lalQs} yfxf kfpg'eof] t/ tL ul/a JolQm a8f] k|]dn] a'4nfO{ kª\vf xlDs/x]sf lyP . a'4sf]
z/L/df ljif km}lnP/ pxfFnfO{ a]xf]; agfof] . Tof] ul/a JolQmn] Tof] Rofp laiffn' ePsf] yfxf
kfPkl5 a'4nfO{ xft hf]8]/ tkfO{+n] lsg o:tf] ljiffn' Rofp vfg'ePsf] egL ;f]w] . k|To'Q/df a'4n]
eGg'eof] d}n] Tof] Rofpsf] ljiffn'kg hfg]+, z/L/df ljif km}ln/x]sf] klg b]v]+,“ ;fy} d]/f] d[To'nfO{ klg
;lGgs6 cfO/x]sf] b]v]+ t/ d}n] ltd|f] cfFvfdf Tof] kljq >4f / cfgGbkg klg b]v+]“ . ltd|f] v';L /
cfgGb hf] d}n] b]v]F To;sf cufl8 lglZrt ¿kdf cfpg] d[To'sf nflu afws aGg d}n] pko'Qm
7flggF . ljif / z/L/n] cfˆgf] u'0fwd{ adf]lhd sfd u/] klg To;n] dnfO{ dfg{ ;Sb}g lsgeg] d t
s]jn x]g]{jfnf ;fIfL dfq x'F .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] JolQm cfˆgf] u'0fwd{ / k|s[ltsf] u'0fwd{sf] af/]df hfGb5 p;nfO{
b'vn] b'vL agfpFb}g ;'vn] ;'vL klg agfpFb}g . o:tf] JolQmsf nflu ;kmntf–c;kmntf, oz–
ckoz a/fa/ x'G5g\ . hLjg / d[To'df klg o:tf] JolQmnfO{ leGgtfsf] cg'e"lt x'Fb}g . o:tf]
lrQbzfdf g} k/dfTdfsf] cjt/0f x'G5 / JolQm d'Qm x'G5, cyf{t\ cgf;Qm x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL gefu . k/dfTdfnfO{ e/f];f u/ / h] eO/x]sf] 5 Tof] x'g b]pm . ltdL
lardf cfpg gvf]h / eO/x]sf] 36gfnfO{ cgf;Qm eP/ x]/ . olb ltdL cgf;Qm x'g ;Sof} eg]
o'4 klg zflGt x'g] 5 / olb ltdL cgf;Qm x'g ;s]gf} eg] zflGt klg o'4 x'g]5 .
k|s[t]u{'0f;Dd"9fM ;HhGt] u'0fsd{;' .
tfgs[T:gljbf] dGbfGs[T:gljGg ljrfno]t\ ..@(..
k|s[ltsf u'0fx¿af6 df]lxt ePsf k'?ifx¿ ef}lts lqmofsnfkdf jf b]x / OlG›on] ug]{ sd{df
g} cf;Qm x'G5g\ . tL cNk1fgL cfTd\;fIffTsf/sf] s'/f ga'‰g] c1fgLnfO{ k""0f{tof hfGg] 1fgL
k'?ifx¿n] ljrlnt gu/fpmg\ ..
o;sf] cy{ ef}ltstfdf /d]sfx¿nfO{ cfWoflTdstfdf nfu]sf JolQmn] pQ]lht jf lbUe|ldt
t'Nofpg'x'Gg . >Ls[i0f pko{'Qm Znf]sdf eGg'x'G5– k|s[ltsf] u'0faf6 df]lxt ePsf k'?if ;Ddf]lxt
x'G5g\ . h:f/L l;+xsf cufl8 s'g} l;sf/ pkl:yt eof] eg] Tof] efUg ;Sb}g, ;Ddf]lxt x'G5 .
cfsfzdf pl8/x]sf] kIfL clhË/sf] d'vdf cfkm}“ lvlrP/ cfpF5 . h;/L kf;f]df k/]sf] kz' aGwgdf
a:g afWo x'G5, To;/L g} k|To]s dg'io k|s[ltsf] u'0fcg';f/ df]lxt eP/ sd{ ug{ afWo x'G5 . :qL

nf]suLtf– 103
cWofo–#
/ k'?if Pscsf{nfO{ ;'Gb/ nfUg' klg k|s[ltsf] df]x xf] / of] xfd|f] cr]tgdf hGd]b]lv knfPsf]
jf;gfsf] lap xf] . aRrfsf] ;a}eGbf klxnf] kl/ro cfdfsf] :tg;Fu x'G5 . k|s[ltsf] u'0fdf df]lxt
x'g' ;a}eGbf 7'nf] b'vsf] sf/0f xf] . dg'io j:t'x¿sf] cfsif{0fk|lt ljlIfKt x'G5 . k|s[ltsf] u'0fnfO{
ga'‰gfn] / k|s[lt;Fu ;Ddf]xg x'gfn] dg'io c1fg, df]x, cf;lQm / b'v cflbdf kb{5 . hut\ o:t}
JolQmx¿n] el/Psf] 5 . dg'io j:t'x¿;Fu klg df]lxt eP/ afFRb5g\ . lrQsf] l:yltaf6 hf] hfUb}g
p;n] slxNo} klg wd{sf] ;TonfO{ hfGg ;Sb}g / k|s[ltsf] u'0fdf dfq e8\ls/xG5 .
o'4e"lddf ch'{gsf] ;'ema'em x/fof] / uf08Lj xftaf6 em¥of] lsgeg] pgdf oL d]/f lk|ohg,
cfkmGt eGg] ;f]r cfof] . of] klg kfunkg / ;Ddf]xg xf] . ch{'g h:tf axfb'/ JolQm o'4sf]
d}bfgdf zlQmxLg eP . afNofj:yfaf6 g} h;nfO{ cfˆgf 7fg], cfh pgLx¿;Fu} o'4 ug{'kg]{ cj:yf
cfPsf] sf/0fn] pgsf] ufy lzlyn eP/ zlQmxLg ePsf] xf] . ch{'gnfO{ cfkmGtsf lj?4 xft
p7fpg] lxDdt h'6fpg ufx|f] ePsf] 5 . ch{'g ¿kfGtl/t eP/ clx+;|s klg ePsf 5}gg\ . olb
o'4df oL cfkmGtx¿ gePsf eP logLx¿nfO{ pgL ;d"n gi6 ug{ ;Sy] . k|s[ltsf u'0fx¿df
dg'iox¿ df]lxt eP/ afFRb5g\ / ToxL df]xn] pgLx¿nfO{ cGwsf/df ws]ln/xG5 . 1fgL k'?ifx¿
of] ;Ddf]xgaf6 d'Qm x'G5g\ . 1fgL k'?ifsf] cy{ ;Ddf]xgd'Qm JolQm xf] . ;Ddf]lxt JolQm ;kgf,
cfsfª\Iff of rfxgfsf] ;+;f/df e6\lsG5 eg] 1fgL k'?if ;Ddf]xgaf6 d'Qm x'G5g\ .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– o'4df ePsf nfvf“}+ JolQmx¿ s;}nfO{ klg o'4 Joy{ 5 eGg]
hfgsf/L 5}g . To;}n] olb ltdL oxfFaf6 efUof} eg] 8/kf]ssf] ¿kdf bl/g] 5f} . ltdLnfO{ o'4 Joy{
5 eGg] nfu]df klg o'4 /f]lsFb}g . h'g wd{ / ;Tosf nflu ltdL nl8/x]sf lyof}, To;sf] k/fho
eg] cjZo x'g ;S5 . of] rf/}lt/ ePsf nfvf}+ JolQmx¿ o'4;Fu ;Ddf]lxt eP/ o'4 ug{ tTk/ 5g\
/ logLx¿nfO{ s]xL klg yfxf 5}g . oL k|s[ltaf6 ;Ddf]lxt c1fgLx¿sf lar ltdL o:tf] Jojxf/
gu/ h;af6 logLx¿sf] hLjg c:tJo:t agf];\ . ltdL PSn} efu]/ klg o'4nfO{ /f]Sg ;Sb}gf} . olb
ltdLnfO{ xf]; cfPsf] 5 eg] ltdL olt dfq hfg ls lhGbuLdf ;'v–b'v, lht–xf/ ;a} ;dfg 5g\ /
TfL k/dfTdfsf] xftdf 5g\ . k/dfTdf dfq stf{ xf] ltdL stf{ xf]Ogf} . To;}n] ltdL ljgf stf{ eP/
o'4df pq .
dlo ;jf{l0f sdf{l0f ;GGo:ofWofTdr]t;f .
lg/fzLlg{d{df] e"Tjf o'Wo:j ljutHj/M ..#)..
cfTd1fgn] o'Qm ePsf] r]tgfn] ;Dk"0f{ st{Jo sd{ d s[i0fdf ck{0f u/]/ cfzf/lxt,
ddtf/lxt / d]/f] eGg] efjgf/lxt Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{ ;Gtfk/lxt eP/ o'4 u/ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL cfzf / ddtf/lxt eP/ ;Gtfk gu/L ddf ;dk{0f u/]/ sd{ u/ .
>Ls[i0fn] oxfF æddf ;dk{0f u/Æ eGg'sf] cy{ ;dli6df ;dk{0f u/ eGg'ePsf] xf] . >Ls[i0f h:tf]
cxª\sf/z"Go JolQm g} k/dfTdf xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f ha ;a} …dÚ s[i0fdf ;dk{0f u/ eGg'x'G5, ta
sd{sf] kmn, kl/0ffd ;a} ;dlk{t u/]/ ltdL o'4df pq eGg''ePsf] xf] . ;dk{0f h:tf] sl7g s'/f c¿
s]xL klg x'Fb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Hj/u|:t lrQn] ;dk{0f ug{ ;Sb}g≤ t;y{ Hj/ljxLg /
;Gtfk/lxt eP/ ltdL ;dlk{t xf]pm . hLjgdf Hj/, pTkft ePg eg] dfq ;dk{0f x'g ;S5 .
Hj/u|:t lrQ cxª\sf/sf] ef]hg xf] / hlt hLjgdf qmf]w, nf]e / sfd x'G5 Tolt g} JolQmdf
cxª\sf/ x'G5 / cxª\sf/n] ;dk{0f ug{ lbFb}g . xfdLn] u/]sf] ;dk{0f ;dk{0f g} xf]Og, lsgeg] ToxfF
ug]{jfnf pkl:yt x'G5 / ToxL ug]{jfnf g} ;dk{0fsf nflu afwf xf] . ha;Dd …dÚ efj 5, ta;Dd

nf]suLtf– 104
 cWofo–#
;dk{0f x'g ;Sb}g / ha …dÚ efj /xFb}g, ta dfq ;dk{0f x'G5 . Hj/x¿sf] hf]8 g} cxª\sf/
ePsfn] o;sf] lj;h{g geO{sg cxª\sf/ ;dfKt x'Fb}g .
cfgGb gbLdf pRr axfjsf] af9L cfPh:tf] cj:yf xf] . s'g} ?vdf cfjZostfeGbf a9L
zlQm geO{ km"n km'Ng ;Sb}g . ha ToxfF pRr axfj x'G5 clg km"n km'N5 . s'g} r/fn] ta;Dd s'g}
uLt ufpFb}g, ha;Dd p;df cfjZostfeGbf a9L zlQm x'Fb}g / zlQm pRrt/ ePsf l:yltdf kIfL
uLt ufpg yfN5, do"/ gfRg yfNb5 . of] ;a} cfgGb k|fKt u/L cfgGb alu/x]sf] cj:yf xf] . of]
;a} cj:yf xfdL Hj/u|:t ePsfn] yfxf g} kfpFb}gf}+ . of] ;a} cj:yfdf xfd|f] clws zlQm Joo x'G5
h;n] ubf{ cfgGb k|fKt ug{sf nflu xfdLdf zlQm z]if /xFb}g . To;}n] xfd|f] hLjg pbf;Lg ePsf]
5 . xfd|f] afNofj:yfb]lv a'9];sfn;Dd cgfjZos xNnf dfq 5 / cGTodf pknlAw z"Go x'G5 .
o;sf] d"n sf/0f xfd|f] hLjgpmhf{ Hj/af6 alu/x]sf] 5 . To;}n] hLjgsf] ;ª\uLt / km"n km'Ngsf
nflu pmhf{ k|fKt g} x'Fb}g / pgLx¿ o;af6 jl~rt g} /xG5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û
;Gtfk/lxt eP/ ltdL ddf ;dlk{t xf]pm . ;dlk{t s]jn zlQmzfnL JolQm dfq x'g ;S5, sdhf]/
JolQm ;dlk{t x'g ;Sb}g .
cl:6«ofsf dgf]lrlsT;s cnk|m]8 P8n/ (Alfred Adler) n] o; ztfAbLdf a8f] dxTjk"0f{
dgf]j}1flgs zf]w u/]sf 5g\ / To;sf] lgisif{ s] /x]sf] 5 eg] JolQm hlt xLgtfdf x'G5, Tolt g}
cxª\sf/L x'G5 lsgeg] zlQmzfnL JolQmn] cxª\sf/ ug{' cfjZos x'Fb}g . ;"o{n] pbfpg s'g} va/
ug{'kb}{g . km"n kmqmG5, kIfL uLt ufpF5, ;fu/df nx/ rN5, xfjf jxG5, ToxfF s'g} cxª\sf/ x'Fb}g .
xfd|f] cxª\sf/n] xfdLleqsf] sdhf]/LnfO{ n'sfpF5 . wg, kb / k|lti7faf6 cxª\sf/ hgfpg vf]H5 .
xfdL cfkm" s]xL x'Fbfsf] t s'/f 5f]8f}+ s]xL gx'Fbf klg cfkm" s]xL xf}+ eGg] ldYof cxª\sf/ k|bz{g ug{
vf]H5fF} . dxfjL/ gfËf] lxF8\bf / a'4 leIffsf] kfq lnP/ lxF8\bf klg pxfFx¿sf af/]df s]xL atfpg
cfjZos kb{}g, :jtM pxfFx¿sf] cl:tTjsf] af]w x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL cfzf/lxt ddtf/lxt / d]/f] eGg] efj/lxt eP/ k"0f{
¿kdf …dÚ df ;dlk{t xf]pm / ltd|f cfsfª\Iff, ddtf, cfzf / ck]Iffx¿ ;a} dnfO{ 5f]8 . c¿sf]
ef/ lngnfO{ JolQm k"0f{tof ;Ifd x'g'k5{ . /f]u lngsf nflu /f]ud'Qm / s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ;xf/f
cfjZos gePsf] x'g'k5{ . ;a} dnfO{ 5f]8 eg]/ t k/dfTdf >Ls[i0fn] dfq eGg ;Sg'x'G5 .
ch{'gleqsf ;Dk"0f{ /f]usf] pQ/ uLtf xf] . cg]s dfu{af6 ch{'gn] ToxL /f]usf] s'/f ;f]w] klg pgL
pQ/ jf dfu{ vf]lh/x]sf 5}gg\ cGoyf o;eGbf pko'Qm dfu{ s] x'g ;S5 . hxfF >Ls[i0f o'4sf]
lht–xf/ / kl/0ffd cflb ;a} ddf 5f]8 d x]g]{ 5', ltdL s]jn stf{efj dfq 5f]8]/ o'4df pq
eGg'x'G5 t/ ch{'g 5f8\g] lxDdt h'6fpg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL ;f/f cfsfª\Iff / ddtf dnfO{ 5f]l8b]pm . d ltd|f] af]em lng tof/
5' . d ;a} ug]{ 5', ltdL s]jn axfgf dfq ag . ch{'g s]jn cfˆgf JolQmx¿;Fu n8\g grfx]/
efUgsf nflu ;a} ts{ h'6fpg vf]H5g\ . ch{'gdf …dÚ / …d]/f]Ú eGg] efj x6]sf] 5}g . …t]/f]Ú jf …k/fO{Ú
;Fu ePsf] eP pgnfO{ n8\g s'g} ;d:of x'g] lyPg . wd{sf] egfO xfdL dfWod eP/ k/dfTdfnfO{
ug{ lbcf}+“ / cfk""m stf{ geP/ k/dfTdfsf] oGq dfq agf}+ eGg] xf] . sla/n] eGg'ePsf] 5– uLt t
k/dfTdfsf] xf] d]/f] xf]Og≤ d t s]jn afF;'/L cyf{t\ afF;sf] …kf}+u|LÚ dfq x'F≤ oxL g} hfGg] JolQmsf]
nIf0f xf] . uLtf k9\g] eQmnfO{ uLtfsf] jrg eujfg\sf] jf0fL g} nfU5 . t/ sltko ljrf/sx¿nfO{
>Ls[i0f Psflt/ ch{'gnfO{ cxª\sf/ 5f]8 eGg'x'G5, csf{lt/ …dÚ df ;dk{0f u/ eGg'x'G5 eGg] nfUg
;S5 . s[i0fsf] olt ;/ntfo'Qm egfOdf cxª\sf/ x'g} ;Sb}g . cxÍf/n] olt ;xh / l;wf eGb}g /

nf]suLtf– 105
cWofo–#
of] ;bf 5nsk6df afFRb5 . cxª\sf/ rft'o{af6 cfˆgf] t[lKt vf]H5 . cxª\sf/n] h] JoQm ug{
vf]H5, Tof] csf{af6 JoQm u/fpg rfxG5 .
>Ls[i0f cb\e't lg/xÍf/L JolQm x'g'x'G5, pxfF ;/n efjn] eGg'x'G5– ;a} dnfO{ 5f]8≤ o;df
s'g} cxª\sf/sf] efj 5}g . To;}n] s''g} sf/0f g} glbO{ …dÚ dfly ;a} 5f]8 eGg''x'G5 . of] l;wfkg g}
pxfFsf] lg/xª\sf/ ePsf] nIf0f xf] . ha >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ eGg'eof]– ;a dnfO{ 5f]8, ddf ;dk{0f
u/, To; a]nf >Ls[i0fsf cfFvf, xft, d'xf/ / ;f/f z/L/af6 >Ls[i0fsf] pkl:yltsf] ;'uGwn]
ch{'gnfO{ rf/}lt/af6 3]/]sf] x'g'k5{ . s[i0fsf] pkl:ylt, pxfFsf] k|sfz, k|]d / cfgGbn] ch{'gnfO{
;a}lt/ e/]sf] x'g'k5{ cGoyf ch{'gn] klg s] ;f]Ry] eg] tkfO{+ d]/f ldq, ;f/yL eP/ dnfO{ ;dlk{t
x'g eGg'x'G5 . t/ s[i0fsf] dxfg\ pkl:ylt / pkb]zn] ch{'gnfO{ Tof] ;f]Rg] cj;/ g} lbPg . To;
;dodf s[i0fsf] cfefn] ;a} 3]l/Psf] x'Fbf ToxfF s'g} cxª\sf/sf] /]vf klg lyPg . s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ of]
pkb]z lbFbf Pp6f åf/ aGg'ePsf] 5 . Toltv]/ ch{'gnfO{ lgZro g} s] nfUof] xf]nf eg] of] eGg]jfnf
c¿ sf]xL geP/ :jod\ k/dfTdf x'g'x'G5 .
o] d] dtldb+ lgTodg'lti7lGt dfgjfM .
>4fjGtf]˜g;"oGtf] d'RoGt] t]˜lk sd{leM ..#!..
h'g s'g} dg'io bf]ifb[li6n] /lxt clg >4fn] o'Qm eP/ d]/f oL pkb]zx¿ lgTo st{Jo sd{sf
¿kdf kfngf ub}{ O{iof{/lxt eP/ >4fk"j{s cg';/0f ub{5g\ tL ;a} dflg; ;sfd sd{sf aGwgaf6
;d]t d'Qm x'G5g\ ..
o] Tj]tbEo;"oGtf] gfg'lti7lGt d] dtd\ .
;j{1fgljd"9f+:tflGjl4 gi6fgr]t;M ..#@..
h''g dg''io dnfO{ bf]iff/f]k0f ub}{ d]/f] dt jf pkb]znfO{ O{iof{jz pk]Iff ub{5g\ / kfngf ub}{gg\
tL d""v{x¿, tL ljk/Lt a'l4 ePsf cljj]sLx¿nfO{ ltdL gi6 ePsf] hfg . oyfy{df ltgLx¿sf] ktg
lglZrt 5 ..
;b[z+ r]i6t] :j:ofM k|s[t]1f{gjfglk .
k|s[lt+ oflGt e"tflg lgu|xM ls+ sl/iolt ..##..
;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿ k|s[ltsf u'0f of cf–cfˆgf :jefj cg';f/ sd{ u5{g\ . :jod\ 1fgLhgx¿
klg cfˆg} k|s[ltcg';f/ g} sd{ ub{5g\ . cfˆgf lgwf{l/t st{JonfO{ s;}n] klg kl/Tofu ug{'x'bF }g .
o;df s;}sf] x7n] s]xL ug{ ;Sb}g ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h] d}n] eg]sf] 5', To;nfO{ >4fk"j{s Åbon] cª\uLsf/ u/]/ hf] afFRb5 /
sd{ ub{5, pm ;Dk"0f{ sd{ Pj+ sd{aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . s}og\ JolQmn] >4fsf] cy{ ljZjf; xf] eGg]
7fg]sf 5g\ t/ Tof] unt xf] . >4fsf] cy{ ;To / ljZjf; oL b'j} xf]Ogg\ . ljZjf; ug]{ JolQmsf]
leq cljZjf; ;bf pkl:yt /xG5 . cljZjf;L lrQnfO{ ljZjf;sf] h?/t kb{5 . leq cljZjf;sf]
;Gb]x 5 eg] To;nfO{ bafpg ljZjf; rflxG5 . leq cljZjf;z"Go ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq >4f
kmlnt x'G5 . >4fsf] cy{ cljZjf; gi6 x'g' xf] cyf{t\ >4f cljZjf;sf] cefj xf] . Pshgf JolQm
cfTdf cd/ 5 eGb5, t/ dg{ 8/fpF5 eg] To;sf k5fl8 cljZjf; /x]sf] x'G5 . jf:tjdf leq dg]{
8/ ePsfn] aflx/ dgnfO{ xfdL cfTdf cd/ 5 eg]/ ;DemfpF5f“} . xfd|f] ;a} ljZjf; o:t} k|sf/sf]
5 . >4fsf] cy{ To:tf] Åbo hxfF lj/f]wdf s'g} :j/ z]if 5}g / h;sf ljk/Lt sf]xL 5}g . >4fsf]
cy{ Åbosf] ;du|tf xf] . cljZjf;L t a? s'g} a]nf >4fdf k'Ug ;S5, ljZjf;L slxNo} klg >4fdf

nf]suLtf– 106
 cWofo–#
k'Ug ;Sb}g . ljZjf; ;bf c¿af6 kfOG5 / >4f :joDf\af6 cfpF5 . >4f hlxn] klg hLjGt x'G5 /
ljZjf;sf] ;bf d[To' x'G5 .
ljZjf;L / cljZjf;L b'j} ts{af6 afFRb5g\ . cfl:tssf] ts{ O{Zj/ 5 eGg] x'G5 /
gfl:tssf] ts{ O{Zj/ 5}g eGg] x'\G5, t/ b'j}sf] e/f];f ts{df x'G5 . j:t'tM >4fdf ts{ x'Fb}g
lsgeg] ts{sf] klg ;Ldf 5 / hLjg ts{sf] ;LdfeGbf w]/} cufl8 pkl:yt 5 . hLjg ts{/lxt
x'G5 / k|]d clg k|fy{gf klg ts{/lxt x'G5 . hLjgsf] ulx/f] /x:o hlxn] klg ctSo{ g} x'G5 . hLjg
hlxn] klg ts{eGbf aflx/ ePsf] cg'ej s;}df eof] eg] >4ftkm{ sbd a9\b5 . hLjgdf hlt hfg]
klg cGtdf s]xL c1fgtf z]if /xG5 . h] xfdL hfGb5f}+ Tof] cToGt 5'› x'G5 / hf] z]if x'G5 Tof]
ljzfn / /x:ok"0f{ x'G5 .
!* cf}F ztfAbLsf j}1flgsdf b'lgofFdf ;a} s'/f hfGg ;lsG5 eGg] ;f]r lyof] . !)) jif{
cl3 klg j}1flgsnfO{ yfxf kfpg g;lsg] s'/f s]xL 5}g eGg] e|d lyof] t/ cfh j}1flgsx¿
eG5g\– xfdLn] h] hfg]sf 5f}+ Tof] t s]xL klg xf]Og . hlt xfdLn] hfGg] sf]l;; u¥of}+“, To;af6
xhf/f}+ u'0ff /x:odo / hfGGf g;lsg] lrh k|s6 ePsfn] ca j}1flgsx¿ xfdL ;a} hfGg] 5f}+“ egL
lxDdtk"j{s eGg ;Sb}gg\ . lj1fgn] ljut ;o jif{df xf/ vfg'k/]sf] 5 . bfz{lgsx¿ klg xhf/f}+
jif{b]lvsf] k|of;af6 sf]xL t 5 hf] ljrf/eGbf aflx/ /xG5 eGg yfn]sf 5g\ . h;nfO{ hLjg Ps
/x:on] el/Psf] cg'ej x'G5, ToxfF >4f k|s6 x'G5 . /x:o >4fsf] åf/ xf] eg] ts{, k|df0f, ul0ft
ljZjf;sf åf/ x'g\ . ha JolQmnfO{ xfdL t s]xL klg hfGb}gf}+“ eGg] nfU5, ta dfq >4f hlGdG5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] >4fk"j{s hLjgsf tYo, /x:onfO{ cª\uLsf/ ub{5, p;df s'g} ;Gb]x /xFb}g .
/x:osf] e"lddf >4fsf] lap cª\s'l/t x'G5 / >4fjfg\ JolQmn] k/dfTdfåf/f elgPsf] dfu{nfO{
canDjg u¥of] eg] pm sd{aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'G5 / hf] dg'io O{iof{jz d]/f] pkb]zsf] pk]Iff ub{5g\
tL ljk/Lt a'l4 dg'ionfO{ ltdL gi6 ePsf] hfg . oyfy{df ltgLx¿sf] ktg lglZrt 5 .
/x:o ;du| x'G5 eg] ljZjf; v08–v08df ljeflht x'G5 . /x:osf] cg'ej ePdf k"/f
cg'ej x'g ;S5 . ;fgf aRrfx¿ hLjgsf k|To]s /x:odf cfglGbt x'g] ePsfn] pgLx¿nfO{
k/dfTdfsf] c+z elgPsf] xf] . k'tnL pl8/x]sf] 5 eg] afns cfglGbt x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ c;Ld
cfgGbdf pl8/x]sf] cg'ej u5{g\ . kTy/sf 6'qmfx¿ xL/f, hjfx/ft ePsf] cfgGb k|fKt u5{g\ . gbL
alu/x]sf] 5, ToxfF pgLx¿ s'a]/sf] vhfgfaf6 /Tgx¿ alu/x]sf] dx;'; u5{g\ . hLjg hf] Pp6f
/x:o xf]≤ To;df aRrfx¿ Ps Ps c+zaf6 cfgGb k|fKt ub}{ rlst x'G5g\ . lh;;nfO{ s;}n]
;f]Wof], ltd|f k|e'sf] /fHo s;n] k|fKt ug{ ;S5 < ta pxfFn] eGg'eof]– hf] k'gM aRrf h:tf] x'g
;S5, To;n] g} k|e'sf] /fHo k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . afnaflnsfx¿ >4fn' x'G5g\ . aRrf ha afa'sf] xft
;dft]/ lxF8\5g\, To; a]nf pgLx¿nfO{ cfˆgf afa'k|lt 7'nf] e/f];f x'G5 . cfdfsf] sfvdf ;'Tbf
pgLx¿n] cfkm"x¿ ;+;f/sf ;f/f b'vaf6 d'Qm ePsf] wf/0ff /fV5g\, e/f];fdf lglZrGttf x'G5 .
cfdfsf] sfv / afa'sf] xft aRrfsf] lglZrGttfdf eujfg\ h:t} x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] o:t}
>4fk"j{s d]/f] egfO dfg]/ rNb5 pm ;a} sd{af6 d'Qm x'g] 5 . >Ls[i0fn] d]/f] syg eGg' g}F
k/dfTdfsf] syg xf] . lh;;n] klg eGg'ePsf] 5– d dfu{ x'F, d ;To x'F (I am the way, I am the
truth) o;sf] cy{ klg oxL xf] .Æ
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ;dlk{t x''gsf nflu ;DemfpFb} x'g'x'G5– ha JolQmn] cfkm"nfO{ 5f]8]/
k/dfTdf k|fKt ub{5 ta pm k|s[ltsf] u'0fdf k|j]z eP/ sfd ub{5 . 1fgL klg To:t} u/L sd{
ub{5 . c1fgL / 1fgL b'j} d[To'nfO{ k|fKt u5{g≤\ of] z/L/sf] u'0fwd{ xf] . hGd / d[To' hLjgsf b'O6f

nf]suLtf– 107
cWofo–#
lsgf/f x'g\ . c1fgL x7k"j{s k|s[ltsf] u'0f;Fu n8]/ xfb{5 t/ klg nl8/xG5 . 1fgL of] k|s[ltsf]
u'0fwd{ xf] eGg] hfg]/ ;fIfL efjn] afFRb5 . c1fgL gdg]{ k|of; ub{5 / 1fgL d[To' :jfefljs xf]
eGg] hfg]/ d[To'nfO{ cflnª\ug u5{ . To;}n] c1fgL dg]{ kL8f ef]U5 t/ 1fgL s'g} kL8f geO{ db{5 .
k|s[ltsf] u'0fbf]if 1fgL tyf c1fgL b'j}sf] hLjgdf ;dfg ¿kdf 36\b5 . c1fgLnfO{ nfUb5 d
hjfg x'F t/ 1fgLn] hfGb5 of] ofqfsf] Pp6f lj>fd dfq xf] . c1fgL hjfgL 5'6]kl5 b'vL x'G5 t/
1fgLsf nflu of] k|s[ltsf] :jfefljs 36gf h:t} cg'e"lt x'G5 . c1fgL cjZoDefjL 36\g] 36gfsf
nflu klg n8]/ lrlGtt x'G5 / 1fgL To;nfO{ ;xh :jLsf/ ub{5 . k|s[ltsf] u'0f b'j}df Ps} k|sf/n]
sfd ub{5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ x7 ug{' Joy{ 5 egL ;Demfpg'x'G5 .
ch{'g cfˆgf] :jefjsf ljk/Lt cfkmGtnfO{ gdfg]{ x7 ub}{ 5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;nfO{
dg{' 5, Tof] lglZrt dg]{ 5 . ltdL Joy{df x7L eP/ lsg d dflb{gF eG5f} . hf] d5{ Tof] s;}n]
/f]s]/ afFRb}g / s;}n] rfx]/ klg db}{g . ltdL Joy{df x7 gu/ . ltdL s]jn Pp6f kfq dfq ag /
hf] k/dfTdfn] ug{ rfxG5, To;nfO{ x'g b]pm . k|s[ltn] h] ub}{ 5 To;nfO{ klg x'g b]pm, ltdL
lardf gcfpm . 1fgL / c1fgLsf lar ;dfg 36gfdf klg b[li6 leGg x'G5 . /f]u nfUbf c1fgL
5ftL lk6]/ ?G5 t/ 1fgLn] o;nfO{ z/L/sf] u'0fwd{ :jLsf/ u/]/ afFRb5 . x7Lkg Pp6f ;d:of xf]
hf] cGttM ;Gtfkdf ablnG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] x7Lkgdf s'g} ;f/ 5}g . x] ch{'g Û h] x'G5
Tof] eP/} 5f]8\5 eGg] s'/f hfg . lh;;nfO{ h'g /ft kqmfp ul/“+b} lyof] Tof] a]nf s;}n] pxfFnfO{
tkfO{+ kqmfp kb}{ x'g'x'G5, tkfO{“ oxfFaf6 efUg'xf];\ eg] . lh;;n] eGg'eof]– h] x'g]jfnf 5, Tof]
eO{sg 5f]8\5 . pxfF gefuL ToxL Gatesman sf] au}+rfdf a:g'eof] . of] 1fgLsf] nIf0f xf] .
;f]qm]l6hnfO{ cbfntn] ljif lbg pbL{ hf/L ub}{ eGof]– ltdL Py]G; 5f]8]/ hfpm, ltdLnfO{
;hfo x'Fb}g / dfkmL kfpg] 5f} . olb Py]G;df /x]/ ;To af]Ng 5f]8\of} eg] klg ltdLnfO{ d'Qm
ul/lbg] 5f}+ . ;f]qm]l6hn] eg]– ;To af]Ng'kg]{ 5 eg] af]lnG5 / ;To gaf]Ng'kg]{ 5 eg] af]lnFb}g t/
o;a]nf d s]xL eGg ;lSbgF . d ef]lnsf nflu s;/L clxn] eGg ;S5' lsgeg] ef]ln t x'G5 ls
x'Fb}g dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . ef]ln h] x'G5 To;sf af/]df d s;/L cfh eGg ;S5'' . pxfFsf ldqx¿n]
h]nsf JolQmx¿nfO{ 3'; v'jfP/ tkfO{+nfO{ lgsfn]/ n}hfFG5f} eg] t/ ;f]qm]l6hn] eg]– d]/f] d[To'
ef]ln x'G5 eg] ltdL dnfO{ d[To'af6 s;/L lgsfNg ;S5f}, To;}n] ltdLx¿ x7 gu/ . d[To' cfpg] 5
eg] efu]/ sf]xL sxLF hfg ;Sb}g . of] u}/ x7wd{sf] Jojxf/ g} 1fgsf] Jojxf/ xf] .
OlGb|o:o]lGb|o:ofy]{ /fuå]iff} Jojl:ytf} .
tof]g{ jzdfuR5]Qf} Xo:o kl/klGygf} ..#$..
OlG›o / OlG›osf ljifoef]udf /fu / å]if l:yt 5g\ . oL /fu / å]ifnfO{ Jojl:yt u/fpg]
s]xL zf:qLo lgodx¿ 5g\ . oL /fu / å]ifsf jzdf dflg; x''g'x'bF }g lsgeg] oL b''j} cfTd\;fIffTsf/sf
dfu{df cj/f]ws x'G5g\ cyf{t\ oL sNof0fsf] dfu{sf dxfg\ zq' x'g\ ..
hLjgsf] ;f/f cg'ej åGåsf] cg'ej xf] / o;sf] ;f/f la:tf/ g} åGå / å}tsf] la:tf/ xf] .
oxfF x/]s s'/fsf] ljk/Lt 5 lsgeg] ;f/f hut\sf] cl:tTj w|'jLo 5 . hLjgsf] ;f/f ejg pN6f]
OF§fdf l6s]sf] 5 . oxfF ;'v–b'v, /fu–j}/fu / k|]d–3[0ffsf] klg pN6f] OF§f 5 . hut\df k|]dsf] OF§faf6
dfq ejg lgdf{0f x'g ;Sb}g, oxfF 3[0ffsf] OF§f klg Tolt g} h?/L x'G5 . oxfF ldq–zq' klg Tolt g}
h?/L x'G5 . oxfF k|To]s pN6f] s'/f h?/L 5 lsgeg] k|To]s pN6f]sf] cfwf/df hLjg plePsf] x'G5 .
;f/f hut\ ljk/Lt cyf{t\ å}tdf lge{/ 5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ;DemfpFb} eGg'x'G5– OlG›osf ;a}
cg'ej b'lawfu|:t 5g\ . o;sf] ljifoef]udf /fu / å]if l:yt 5g\ . o;nfO{ Jojl:yt u/fpg] s]xL

nf]suLtf– 108
 cWofo–#
zf:qLo lgodx¿ 5g\ . oxfF ;'v cfpg] lalQs} b'v klg åf/df cfpF5 . b'v cfpFbf ;'v klg
k|tLIff/t /xG5 . h;/L kxf8sf] k5fl8 ;dtn x'G5, To:t} k|To]s s'/fsf k5fl8 ljk/Lt x'G5 .
j[Ifsf h/f hldgd'lg x'G5g\ / h/f tn uP eg] dfq j[If dfly clUnG5 .
dgf]j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– 3[0ff ug{ g;Sg] JolQmn] k|]d ug{ ;Sb}g t/ tyfslyt wfld{s
JolQmx¿ k|]d u/, 3[0ff gu/, ;a}nfO{ ldq dfg, zq' gdfg egL ;DemfpF5g\ . zq' gagfpg] JolQmn]
ldq klg agfpg ;Sb}g . of] hLjgsf] s7f]/ ;To xf] . qmf]w ug{ g;Sg] JolQmn] Ifdf ug{ klg
;Sb}g . hLjg ljk/Lttfdf lge{/ x'G5 . 1fgLn] b'j}nfO{ :jLsf/ u5{ eg] c1fgL Pp6fnfO{ dfq
arfpg vf]H5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ltdL hGd–d[To', ;'v–b'v, ;kmntf–c;kmntf b'j}nfO{ Ps;fy
:jLsf/ u/ eGg'x'G5 . OlG›ox¿n] /fd|f]–g/fd|f], k|Llts/–ck|Llts/ Pjd\ ;'v–b'v hGdfpF5g\ . 1fgL
b'j} åGåaf6 aflx/ eP/ ;fIfL x'G5 . 1fgLsf nflu ;'v–b'v b'j} p:t} x'G5g\ lsgeg] p;nfO{ oL b'j}
hLjgdf cfpg] / hfg] 5g\ eGg] yfxf x'G5 . To;}n] p;n] Pp6fnfO{ 5f]8\g] / csf]{nfO{ arfpg]
uNtL ub}{g . c1fgLn] oxL tYonfO{ ghfGgfn] a]r}g x'G5 . 1fgLnfO{ klg ;'v–b'v t cfpF5 t/ pm
;'vL of b'vL x'Fb}g . 1fgL d of] ;a}eGbf cnu 5' eg]/ hfGb5 . ddf ;'v–b'v cfof] t/ dnfO{ b'v
jf ;'v ePsf] 5}g, lsgeg] d b'j}eGbf cnu / x]g]{jfnf ;fIfL x'F eg]/ hfGb5 . ;fu/df nx/x¿
p7\5g\ t/ ;fu/ nx/ x'Fb}g . To:t} JolQmsf] hLjgdf klg 36gfx¿ 36\5g\ t/ JolQm Tof] 36gf
x'Fb}g . 1fgL hLjgdf cfpg] 36gfx¿;Fu tfbfTDo :yflkt ub}{g lsgeg] pm cfkm"nfO{ ;fIfL ePsf]
hfGb5 . o:tf] cgf;Qm JolQm /fu–å]ifsf] jzdf x'Fb}g / ;f/f aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'G5 .
>]ofG:jwdf]{ lju'0fM k/wdf{T:jg'li7tft\ .
:jwd]{ lgwg+ >]oM k/wdf]{ eofjxM ..#%..
/fd|f] tl/sfn] cfr/0f u/L NofOPsf] c¿sf nflu tf]lsPsf] k/wd{ eGbf u'0f/lxt eP klg
cfˆgf nflu lgwf{l/t :jwd{ jf sd{>]i7 x'G5 . k/wd{df nfUg'eGbf cfˆg} wd{df /x]/ dg{' a?
sNof0fsf/L x'G5 lsgeg] k/wd{n] 8/ jf qf; lbG5 ..
k|To]s JolQmsf] cfˆgf] lghTj x'G5, hf] p;sf] cfTdf xf] / ToxL lghTjdf afFRg' cfgGb xf] .
Tof] lghTjaf6 el6\sg' b'v xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– :jwd{df dg{' / e'nr'sn] el8\sg' klg >]o:s/
x'G5 . To:t} k/wd{df ;kmn x'g'eGbf :jwd{df c;kmn x'g' >]o:s/ x'G5 . k|To]s JolQmsf] cfˆgf]
:jwd{ x'G5 . afa' of u'?sf] wd{ klg :jwd{ xf]Og . wd{sf] cy{ :jefj xf] . k|To]s JolQmsf] cfˆgf]
cGt:y k|s[lt cljsl;t Pjd\ uf]Ko cj:yfdf /xG5 / ha;Dd lap k"0f{ ¿kdf km'6\b}g, ta;Dd
JolQm a]r}g x'G5 . h;/L km"n km'n]kl5 lapn] cfgGbsf] cg'ej u5{ To:t} :joDf\sf] lghTj :jwd{df
x'g' Tof] km"n kmqm]h:t} cj:yf xf] . k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf :joDf\sf] lghTjsf] km"n dfq r9fpg
;lsG5 . o;afx]s xfdL;Fu k/dfTdfdf r9fpg nfos c¿ s]xL klg 5}g . ha;Dd xfdLleqsf]
km"n kmqmFb}g, ta;Dd xfdL ;Gtfk, b'v, a]r}gL Pjd\ tgfjdf afFRb5f}+ . To;}n] hf] JolQm k/wd{nfO{
cª\uLsf/ ug{ vf]H5, Tof] JolQm cfˆgf] :jefjeGbf leGg k|s[ltsf] sfo{ ug]{ b'ik|of; u/]/ c;Dej
b'v–si6df dfq kb{5 . u'nfkmsf] km"n sdnsf] km"n x'g vf]h]h:t} a]r}gL / ljkmntf k/wd{nfO{
k5\ofpg vf]Hg] JolQmdf x'G5, To;}n] pm c;kmntfdf kb{5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– :jwd{df h] ltd|f] :jefj xf] To;sf] vf]hL u/ . clg ToxL
:jwd{ adf]lhd x'g k|oTg/t xf]pm, ta dfq ltdL ;Gt[lKtsf] ;fu/df k'Ug ;Sg] 5f}+ . ha;Dd
:jwd{¿kL km"n k"0f{¿kdf kmqmFb}g, ta;Dd xfdL k/wd{ cª\uLsf/ u5f}{+, lsgeg] :jwd{af/] xfdLnfO{
yfxf klg x'Fb}g . k/wd{sf] k|nf]eg rf/}lt/ ePsf sf/0fn] klg xfdLnfO{ :jwd{sf af/]df yfxf x'Fb}g .

nf]suLtf– 109
cWofo–#
a'4, dxfjL/sf] glhsaf6 xfdL u'lh|of}F eg] xfdL klg ToxL x'g rfxG5f}+ . qmfO:6nfO{ b]Vof}+ eg] d
s;/L qmfO:6 x'g ;S5' eGg] k|nf]eg k}bf x'G5 . >Ls[i0fnfO{ b]Vof}+ eg] t xfd|f] k|f0f g} gfRg yfN5
/ s;/L s[i0f ag"F eGg] nfUg yfN5 . xfdLnfO{ t d sf] x'g ;S5' eGg] :jod\sf af/]df s'g}
hfgsf/L 5}g t/ cf;kf;df pbLodfg JolQmTjx¿ b]Vbf dgdf e6\sfp x'G5 . o; k[YjLdf Ps
s[i0fsf] l;jfo csf]{ s[i0f x'g} ;Sb}g . nfvf}+“ JolQmx¿n] a'4, qmfO:6 x'g] sf]l;; u/] t/ sf]xL klg
a'4, qmfO:6 x'g ;s]gg\ . k/dfTdfdf ;[hgfsf] zlQm c;Ld ePsfn] oxfF s'g} k'g?lQm x'Fb}g .
k/dfTdf;Fu c;ª\Vo ;[hgzlQm ePsf] x'gfn] pxfF Ps k6s agfPsf] s'/f bf];|f] k6s agfpg'x'Gg .
t/ xfd|f] dg c¿h:t} aGg rfxG5 . k/wd{n] nf]e b]vfpF5 / csf{sf] wd{ hlxn] klg /fd|f] h:tf]
nfU5 . :jwd{sf af/]df s'g} klg hfgsf/L g} x'Fb}g lsgeg] Tof] eljiodf x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k/wd{ hlt;'s} aflx/af6 /fd|f] jf cfsif{s b]lvP klg Tof] cËLsf/ ug{'
x'Fb}g . :jwd{ hlt;'s} ;fdfGo eP klg k/wd{eGbf w]/} /fd|f] x'G5 . oyfy{df k/wd{ eofjx x'G5 .
c¿h:tf] x'g vf]Hg' unt xf], t/ xfdL t c¿nfO{ cfbz{ dfg]/ pgLh:t} aGg vf]H5f}+ . k/wd{ t
d[To'eGbf klg eofjx / vt/gfs 5 . o;n] t cfˆgf] df}lnstf g} ;dfKt kf5{ . csf]{ JolQmsf]
gSsn u/]/ p:t} x'g rfx]df klg aflx/L cfj/0f dfq ablng ;S5 t/ leqsf] cfTdf t cfˆgf]
df}lns / k[ys\ g} /xG5 . To;}n] k/wd{df hfg vf]Hg' cfTdbfx u/]h:t} x'G5 . csf{sf] wd{;Fu
;fjwfg eP/ cfˆgf] wd{sf] dfu{df rNg'k5{ . :jwd{sf] ofqf ;a}eGbf 7'nf] b':;fx; xf] lsgeg] of]
ofqf klxnf] k6s :jod\n] ug{'k5{ t/ k/wd{sf] ofqf c¿x¿n] ul/;s]sf] x'gfn] Tof] cfsif{s /
;'/lIft h:tf] nfU5 . cfˆgf] vf]hdf el6\sg', lug{' clg p7\g' klg plrt x'G5 t/ c¿sf] wd{df
hlt;'s} cfsif{0f b]lvP klg To;sf] cg'';/0f ug{' unt x'G5 . k/wd{n] :jod\nfO{ uGtJo;Dd klg
k'¥ofpFb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– :jwd{df JolQm el6\sg ;S5 t/ k/wd{df t pm uGtJodf k'Ug}
;Sb}g . x/]s JolQm cfˆgf] df}lns :jefj lnP/ cfPsf] x'G5, h;sf] cfˆg} :j/ Pjd\ afFRg] 9ª\u
x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ hf]8 lbFb} eGg'x'G5– ltdL /fd|f];Fu :jwd{nfO{ hfg . ch{'gn] cfFvf lrlDnP/
lrGtg u/] eg]] :jwd{sf af/]df hfGg ;Sg] 5g\ .
hut\df b'O{ 9'ª\uf t Ps} cfsf/ / Ps} lsl;dsf x'Fb}gg\ eg] b'O{ JolQm Ps h:tf] x'g ;Sg]
k|Zg g} p7\b}g . ltdL cfkm"nfO{ s] x'g ;S5f} eg]/ vf]h / ltdL s] x'g rflx/x]sf 5f} eg]/ klg
ljrf/ u/ . gbLx¿ s}og\ 5g\, em/gfx¿ y'k|} 5g\ t/ ;d'› Pp6} x'G5 . To:t} km"nx¿ cg]sf}+ x'G5g\
t/ ;'uGw Pp6} x'G5 . To;}n] :jwd{¿kL :jsd{ cnu–cnu x'G5 t/ wd{ Pp6} x'G5 . xfdL ;a}sf]
af6f] cnu cnu 5 t/ wfd of dlGb/ Pp6} 5 . Pp6f slj cfˆgf] uLt ufP/ Tolt g} cfglGbt
x'G5, hlt Pp6f ul0ft1 cfˆgf] k|Zg xn ug{ ;Ifd ePsf] cj:yfdf x'G5 . lrqsf/, gt{sL, ufos,
slj, ul0ft1 ;a}sf] af6f] cnu 5, t/ k|fKt x'g] cfgGb Pp6} x'G5 . :jwd{ cnu cnu x'G5g\ t/
dxfwd{ Pp6} x'G5 . >Ls[i0f dxfwd{sf] s'/f cGtdf ug{'x'G5 . clxn] t :jwd{sf af/]df g} ch{'gnfO{
eGb} x'g'x'G5 . ha;Dd k/dfTdf¿kL dxfwd{ k|fKt x'Fb}g ta;Dd :jwd{¿kL cfTdfsf] g} vf]h ug{'k5{ .
ha k/dfTdf k|fKt x'G5 ta dxf;fu/df nLg x'g'kb{5 .
k/wd{, :jwd{ / wd{ oL wd{sf tLg k|sf/ x''g\ . xfdL k/wd{df afFRb5f}+, ch{'g k/wd{sf nflu
nfnflot x'Fb} 5g\ . pgsf] :jwd{ Iflqo xf] t/ pgL a|fXd0f x'g vf]Hb} 5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
k/wd{sf] dfu{af6 ltdL slxNo} klg cfˆgf] lbJoHof]lt jf wfd kfpg ;Sb}gf}+ . To;}n] :jwd{nfO{
hfg . klxn] k/nfO{ 5f]8, clg ;do cfPkl5 :jnfO{ 5f]8\g" / To;f] u¥of} eg] ltdLnfO{ wd{ k|fKt
x'g]5 . :jwd{ k/wd{sf] ljk/Lt x'G5 / wd{ cwd{sf] ljk/Lt x'G5 . k/wd{af6 ofqf :jwd{;Dd /

nf]suLtf– 110
 cWofo–#
cwd{af6 ofqf wd{;Dd ug{'k5{ . hf] JolQm k/wd{sf] dfu{af6 lx+“8\5, Tof] cwd{df k'U5 / hf]
:jwd{sf] af6f]df rN5 Tof] wd{df k'Ug] 5 .
ch{'g pjfr
cy s]g k|o'Qmf]˜o+ kfk+ r/lt k"?ifM .
clgR5Gglk jfi0f]{o anflbj lgof]lhtM ..#^..
ch{'gn] eg]– x] >Ls[i0f Û dflg;n] grfxFbf grfxFb} klg ank"j{s s;af6 lgof]lht eP/ lsg
kfk sd{ u5{ <
>Leujfg'jfr
sfd Pif qmf]w Pif /hf]u'0f;d'∫jM .
dxfzgf] dxfkfKdf lj4Ø]gldx j}l/0fd\ ..#&..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– /hf]u'0faf6 pTkGg x'g] sfd g}+ qmf]w xf] . of] ljifo jf;gf jf sfd, qmf]w
slxNo} gc3fpg] 7'nf] kfkL ePsfn] o;nfO{ k/d zq' hfg ..
ch{'gn] Pp6f ulx/f] k|Zg eujfGf\;Fu ;f]w]– olb ;a} s'/f k/dfTdfn] ul//x]sf 5g\, ;a} s'/f
k|s[ltsf] u'0fwd{n] g} eO/x]sf] 5 / JolQm lhDd]jf/ 5}g eg] dg'ion] grfx]/ klg kfksd{ anft\
s;/L ub{5 / s;n] u/fpF5 . olb k/dfTdfn] g} ;a} s'/f rnfO/x]sf] 5 eg] dnfO{ x7ft\ g/fd|f]
sd{df s;n] ws]lnlbG5 . ch{'gn] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ k|Zg p7fPsf 5g\, h'g ;du| dg'io hflts} k|Zg
xf] . ;a} wd{sf] ulx/f] k|Zg klg oxL xf] . k/dfTdfn] g} ;a} s'/f ;~rfng ub{5g\ eg] grfxFbf
grfxFb} klg of] g/fd|f] sd{ sxfFaf6 cfpF5 / s;af6 ;~rflnt x'G5 <
o; ;DaGwdf cnu–cnu lrGtsx¿n] cnu–cnu pQ/ vf]h]sf 5g\ . hf] w]/} ulx/fOdf
hfg / a'‰g ;s]sf 5}gg\ pgLx¿n] /fIf;, b'i6 jf v/fa cfTdfn] g} g/fd|f] sd{ u/fpF5 cyf{t\
kfkfTdfn] g} ;a} u/fpF5 eg]sf 5g\ . t/ of] ulx/f] pQ/ xf]Og lsgeg] o;f] eGbf k/dfTdfn] Tof]
kfkfTdfnfO{ lsg s]xL ub}{g < s] kfkfTdf k/dfTdfeGbf zlQmzfnL 5 < olb kfkfTdf k/dfTdfeGbf
zlQmzfnL 5 eg] k/dfTdfnfO{ lsg k"hf ug{' < o;f] eP k/dfTdfsf] ;§f kfkfTdfnfO{ g} k|fy{gf u/]
eOxfN5 eGg] h:tf yk k|Zgx¿ p7\g ;S5g\ . lrGtsx¿n] csf]{ k|sf/sf] pQ/ vf]Hg] k|of; klg
u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf ljrf/df k/dfTdfafx]s csf]{ s'g} cl:tTj klg 5 h;n] kfksd{df k|j[Q
u/fpg vf]H5 . t/ of] pQ/ dgf]j}1flgs / wfld{s b[li6sf]0fsf] klg 5}g . o; ;DaGwdf eujfg\
>Ls[i0fsf] pQ/ dgf]j}1flgs, wfld{s / jf:tljs 5 . pxfFsf cg';f/ k|s[ltsf tLg u'0f ;Œj, /h /
td 5g\ . s[i0fn] o;f] eGbfeGb} klg cfw'lgs lrGtsx¿n] k|f/Dedf k|s[lt lqu'0ffTds 5 eGg]
s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/]gg\ . clxn] aNn lj1fgn] k|s[lt lqu'0ffTds 5 eGg yfn]sf] 5 . ha k/df0f' tLg
lx:;fdf 6'6\of] ta lj1fgn] klg k|s[lt lqu'0ffTds 5 eGg] :jLsf/ u¥of] .
tdf]u'0f cj/f]wsf] / l:y/tfsf] tŒj xf] . olb tdf]u'0f geP hut\df s'g} klg lrh l:y/
/xg ;Sb}g . Pp6f 9'¨fnfO{ dflylt/ ˆofFSbf olb tdf]u'0f ePg eg] Tof] slxn]=klg tn emb}{g .
k[YjLn] u'?Œjsf] ef/ tdf]u'0fsf] ¿kdf tflg/x]sf] 5 . k[YjLsf] @)) ld6/ kf/ hxfF u'?Œjfsif{0f
;dfKt x'G5 ToxfF tdf]u'0f cfslif{t x'Fb}g . cj/f]ws zlQm geP ult klg ;Dej x'Fb}g, sf/df a|]s
ePg eg] ult klg ;Dej x'Fb}g . sf/sf] PlS;n]6/ (Accelerator) ult xf] / a|]s cj/f]ws xf] .
hLjgdf /f]Sg] ult ePg eg] ljWj+; x'g ;S5 . t]h ult ;~rfngsf] zlQm xf] / ;Œj lqe'h
(Triangle) sf] t];|f] sf]0f xf] . ;Œj ;Gt'ng xf] . ult klg 5, /f]Sg]jfnf klg 5 t/ ;Gt'ng 5}g

nf]suLtf– 111
cWofo–#
eg] ToxfF b'3{6gf klg x'g ;S5 . uf8Lsf] 8«fOe/ ;Œj xf] hf] cfjZostfcg';f/ ult klg lbG5 /
a|]s nufP/ ultnfO{ lgoGq0f cyf{t\ /f]Sg] sfd klg ub{5 .
oL tLg u'0fnfO{ lj1fgn] On]S6«f]g, Go'6«f]g / k|f]6f]g gfd lbPsf] 5 . hLjgsf] clGtd
ljZn]if0f tLg zAbdf 6'6\b5, o;nfO{ k|tLsfTds ¿kdf a|Xdf, lji0f' / dx]zsf] gfd klg lbOPsf]
5 h;sf] sfd klg ;Œj, /h / td h:t} g} 5 . o;df On]S6«f]g g]u]l6e tŒj td xf] h;n] l7s
lzj h:t} gi6 ug]{, tf]8\g] sfd ub{5 . k|f]6f]g a|Xdf h:t} kf]h]l6e /h xf] . Tof] lawfos zlQm xf]
hf] lgdf{0f u5{ / Go'6«f]g g g]u]l6e g kf]h]l6e 5 . Tof] lardf ;Gt'lnt eP/ ;XDffNg] cyf{t\
;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{ u5{ . dg'io leq / aflx/ h] h:tf 36gf 36\5g\ tL ;a} dflysf tLg u'0fsf
zlQmsf] v]nsf] sf/0fn] g} 36]sf x'g\ . JolQm hGdg', x's{g' of afFRg' / dg{' oL ;a} tLg zlQmsf
v]n x'g\ . k/dfTdfsf tLg ¿k ;Œj, /h / td Pjd\ lj1fgsf tLg zlQm On]S6«f]g, k|f]6f]g /
Go'6«f]gsf sf/0fn] hLjgsf] ;[hgf / ;~rfng x'G5 .
ch{'gsf] lh1f;f 5– xfdLn] grfx]/ klg ank"j{s xfdLnfO{ s'sd{lt/ ws]Ng] sfd s;n]
ub{5 . xfdL slxNo} klg cwf]ult pGd'v x'g rfxFb}gf} t/ clnslt Wofg gk'Ug] lalQs} hldgdf
k5fl/G5f}+ . of] xfdLnfO{ s'g} /fIf;L tŒjn] n8fPsf] xf]Og . of] k[YjLsf] u'?Œjfsif{0f xf] h;n]
xfdLnfO{ hldglt/ tflg/x]sf] x'G5 . v'§f lrKng]lalQs} nl8G5 . n8\g] rfxgf geP klg olb
l7s;Fu kfOnf rfn]gf}+ eg] kSs} n8\g] 5f}+ . >Ls[i0f l7s oxL eGg'x'G5– k|s[ltsf u'0f ;Œj, /h /
td cg'¿k xfdL rn]gf}+ eg] To;sf] kl/0ffd xfdLn] ef]Ug'kg]{ x'G5 . k|To]s zlQmsf] pkof]u cg's"n
/ k|lts"n x'g ;S5 . hLjgsf zlQmx¿n] cfˆgf] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . dflg; leq qmf]w 5, Tof] klg
clgjfo{ tŒj xf] . qmf]w xfdL leqsf] gsf/fTds zlQm lzj of On]S6«f]g xf] . oyfy{df eGg] xf] eg]
xfdLleq g} ljgfzs zlQm lzj, td of On]S6«f]g /x]sf] 5 . k|]d, bof, s?0ff cflb klg xfdL leq}
5g\, hf] lgdf{0fsf] zlQm a|Xdf, /h of k|f]6f]g x'g\ / ljj]s lji0f', ;Œj of Go'6«f]g klg xfdL leq} 5
h;n] ;Gt'ngsf] sfd u5{ .
xfd|f] hLjgsf] clGtd kl/0fltsf tLg cj:yfx¿ :ju{, gs{ / df]If x'g\ . cfkm" leqsf]
zlQmnfO{ lglb{i6 lbzfdf lnP/ hfg] of hLjgdf ;sf/fTds wf/0ff /fVb} ;f/f zlQm k|]d, bof /
s?0ff¿kL ;]jfdf nufpFb} cl3 a9\g] JolQm :ju{df cyf{t\ cTolws ;'vdf hfG5 . cfkm"leq
ljgfzs zlQm qmf]w, lx+;f lnP/ lxF8\g] JolQm gs{df cyf{t\ b'vdf hfG5 / b'j} zlQm k|]d / qmf]waf6
kf/ eP/ of To;nfO{ ;Gt'ngdf /fv]/ ljj]sk"0f{ 9ª\un] cl3 a9\g] JolQm df]Ifdf hfG5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– oL tLg zlQmljgf hLjg x'g} ;Sb}g . To;}n] /fd|f] / g/fd|f] sd{ jf s[To ug{sf nflu
s;}n] wSsf lbg] xf]Og, leq ltdLdf s'g zlQmn] sfd ul//x]sf] 5, To;}n] ltd|f] s[To jf sd{
lgwf{l/t x'G5 .
qmf]w / sfd cxª\sf/k|lt ltdL clws ¿kdf ;+nUg eof} eg] ltdL h] rfxFb}gf} Tof] klg
ltdLn] ug{' g} k5{ . h:tf] ls zAb d'vaf6 lgl:sPkl5 To;nfO{ /f]Sg ;lsGg . Pp6f ;Ldf
gfl3;s]kl5 Tof] lkmtf{ x'g ;Sb}g . To:t} sfdjf;gfnfO{ dgn] rfx]sf] cj:yfdf /f]Sg ;lsG5 .
To:t} qmf]w klg Pp6f tx;Ddaf6 lkmtf{ ug{ ;lsG5 t/ ;Ldf gf3]kl5 lkmtf{ x'g ;Dej x'Fb}g .
ha;Dd sfd, qmf]w kmsf{pg ;lsg] cj:yf lyof] Tof] tx;Dd xfdL logLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u u5f}{+ / ha
;Ldfaflx/ x'G5 / kmls{g c;Dej x'G5 clg xfdL o:tf] s[To cfkm"nfO{ s;n] u/fof] eG5f}+ . x/]s
j[lQ Pp6f ;Ldf;Dd xfd|f] xftdf x'G5 t/ ha xfd|f] ;xof]uaf6 To;n] cfˆgf] cflwkTo hdfpF5

nf]suLtf– 112
 cWofo–#
To;a]nf xfd|f] a'l4 aflx/ x'G5 . clg xfdLn] grfx]/ klg of] :jtM 3l6t x'G5, clg bf]if xfdL
c¿nfO{ yf]kg{ vf]H5f}+“ .
jf:tjdf hLjgdf ;a} s'/fx¿ zlQmn] ub{5g\ t/ leq ulx/fOdf logLx¿n] ug]{ s[To xfd|f]
;xof]uaf6 dfq} x'G5 . s'g} JolQm jf zlQmn] xfdLnfO{ sfd, qmf]w, nf]esf] j[lQdf lnP/ hfg] xf]Og,
xfd|f] leqL ;xof]uaf6} of] ;Dej x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'g;Fu eGg'x'G5– k|s[ltsf] cfˆg} lgod 5,
To;nfO{ a'em]/ ;dtf jf ;Gt'ngdf /xL ljj]s / >4f /fvL ;fIfL efjdf pknAw x'g ;s]df
lrGtfsf] laifo g} x'Fb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf h] x'G5 Tof] ;a} k/dfTdfn] u/]sf] 7fg] x'G5 t/ ha;Dd
ltdL ;dtf / ljj]sdf pknAw x'Fb}gf} / leq cf;lQmnfO{ kf]if0f lbP/ To;nfO{ hGdfO/fV5f} eg]
To;sf] lhDd]jf/L ltd|f] cfˆg} x'G5 .
/l;og n]vs ˆof]bf/ bf]:tf]Jf:sL (Fyodar Dostoevsky) sf] pkGof; Crime and
Punishment df /f];s'lng gfdsf] Pp6f kfq 5, h;n] x/]s lbg cfˆgf] 3/ cufl8sL Pp6L
a'9LnfO{ b]VYof] . tL dlxnf cfˆgf ufpF7fpFsf dflg;x¿nfO{ ;fdfg aGwsL /fv]/ Aofhdf k};f
lblGyg\ . pgsf sf]xL klg cfkmGt lyPgg\ . pgL b'i6 k|j[lQsL lyOg\ / cfkm"n] lbPsf] k};fsf] Aofh
r';]/ lnlGyg\ . /f]:s'lng hf] Pp6f ljBfyL{ xf] pm cfˆgf] ‰ofnaf6 tL dlxnfn] u/]sf] Jojxf/
x]l//xGYof] . ul/a ?Gy], lrRofpFy], cg'/f]w uy]{ t/ tL dlxnfdf s'g} bof efj hfUb}gYof] . tL ;a}
36gfx¿nfO{ nfdf] ;dob]lv b]Vb} cfPsf] /f]:s'lngnfO{ of] a'9LnfO{ lsg s;}n] dfb}{g eGg] nfUYof] .
of] d/L eg] ;os8f}+ JolQm h;n] logL;Fu k};f lnPsf 5g\, pgLx¿nfO{ /fxt jf d'lQm t x'GYof] .
/f]:s'lngnfO{ sltko cj:yfdf cfkm}+ uP/ a'9Lsf] uw{g lgdf]l7lbpmF ls h:tf] klg nfUbYof] . t/
km]l/ pm ;f]RYof]– dnfO{ s] dtnj p;n] d]/f] s] lauf/]sL 5 / Û of] b[Zo jiff}{+;Dd rln/Xof] .
Pslbg /f]:s'lngnfO{ klg k/LIffsf nflu sn]hdf k};f hDdf ug{'kg]{ ;do cfof] t/ p;;Fu k};f
lyPg . To;}n] pm klg tL dlxnf;Fu Aofhdf k};f lng uof] . p;n] hdfgtdf cfˆgf] 38L tL
a'9LnfO{ lbof] . a'9Lsf cfFvf sdhf]/ lyP . To;}n] 3fddf uP/ Tof] 38L x]b}{ lyOg\, crfgs
/f]:s'lngsf] dgdf qmf]w p7\of] / p;n] tL a'9Lsf] 3fF6L lgdf]7]/ xTof u¥of] . p;nfO{ of] 36gf
s;/L 36\of] yfxf klg ePg . xTof ul/;s]kl5 p;nfO{ cfk""mn] gug''{kg]{ sfd u/]sf] dx;''; eof] .
To;kl5 pm ToxfFaf6 efu]/ uof] clg /ftel/ d}n] pgsf] xTof s;/L u/“]+ eGb} ;f]Rg yfNof] .
o:t} ch{'g >Ls[i0fnfO{ ;f]lw/x]sf 5g\– grfxFbf grfxFb} anft\ s;}n] g/fd|f] sd{df s;/L
wSsf lbG5 . /f];s'lngn] u/]sf] of] xTof s;}n] u/fPsf] xf]Og, of] t ljut b'O{ jif{b]lv p;n] cfˆgf]
qmf]w, lx+;f¿kL zlQmnfO{ /; k|bfg u¥of], qmf]wsf] ljif km}nfof] / xTofsf] tof/L lapsf] ¿kdf
cfkm"leq tof/ u¥of]≤ of] To;}sf] kl/0ffd xf] . lap 5bf{v]l/ olt 7'nf] j[If aG5 eg]/ s;}nfO{ klg
yfxf x'Fb}g . dgdf qmf]w, sfdjf;gf xfdL cfkm“}+ /f]K5f}+“, zlQmx¿ ltgnfO{ klqmG5g\ clg tLg
zlQmx¿ ;Œj, /h / tdn] cf–cfˆgf sfo{ ;'? ub{5g\ . xfdLn] oxfF qmf]wsf] lap /f]Kof“}+ eg] ;f/f
hut\af6 qmf]wnfO{ ;fy lbg] tdf]u'0fsf zlQmx¿ xfdLlt/ aUg yfN5g\ . xfdLn] k|]d /f]Kof}+“ eg] ;f/f
hut\af6 z'e zlQmx¿ xfdLlt/ aUg yfN5g\ . xfdLn] ;fIfLefj /fVg]lalQs} ;f/f hut\sf zlQmx¿
;Gt'ngdf x'G5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o; hLjgdf t s]jn tLg zlQmx¿ 5g\ . x] ch{'g Û ltdL
cfkm"leq h;sf] lap /f]K5f}, ToxL zlQm ;lqmo eP/ sfd ug{ yfN5 . /hf]u'0faf6 pTkGg sfd g}
qmf]w xf] . o;nfO{ ltdL k/d zq' hfg .
k/dfTdfn] cfˆgf] cfgGbsf nflu hut\ agfpF5g\ / To;df lg?2]Zo efjaf6 ;f/f s'/fx¿
lgwf{/0f eP/ ;~rflnt x'G5g\ . cfgGb ;bf p2]ZoljxLg x'G5 . k/dfTdfsf] ;[li6 cfgGbsf nflu

nf]suLtf– 113
cWofo–#
x'G5 . k|To]s u'0fsf] cfˆgf] ljz]iftf x'G5 . cd[t klg dfqfeGbf a9L vfP d[To' x'g ;S5 . hLjgsf]
lgoddf td;\\ cj/f]ws zlQm geP s]xL klg /f]lsFb+}g . t/ s'g} JolQm cj/f]ws zlQmdf dfq lge{/
ePdf vt/f x'G5 lsgeg] c¿ b'O{ zlQmx¿ klg Tolt g} cfjZos x'G5g\ . hxfF tLgj6f zlQm
;Gt'ngdf x'G5g\, To;} If0fdf JolQm u'0faf6 aflxl/G5 / k/dfTdfsf] cg'e"lt ub{5 . >Ls[i0fsf] k"/f
of]u ;dtf of]u xf] lsgeg] hLjg Pp6f ulx/f] ;Gt'ng xf] / o;df tndfly x'Fbf To;sf] ;Gt'ng
lalu|G5 . k|s[ltn] cfˆgf] lx;fan] sfd ul/ g} /xG5 . oL tLg u'0fljgf ;[li6 /xFb}g . xfdL leqsf
td / /hf] u'0fnfO{ a/fa/ ¿kdf /fVg] k|of; ug{'k5{ . ha b'j} u'0fdf ;Gt'ng x'G5 clg ;Œjtkm{
xfd|f] ofqf ;'? x'G5 . b'O{sf] larsf] ;fwgfn] JolQm ;Œjdf k'Ub5 . ;fw' b'O{ u'0fnfO{ lht]/ ;Œjdf
k'Ub5 . h;n] /hf]u'0f / ;Œjsf larsf] ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ ;S5 Tof] ;Gt x'G5 / hf] k|s[ltsf oL
tLg} u'0fsf] ;Gt'ng u/]/ logaf6 kf/ x'G5 ta pm u'0fftLt x'G5 / k/dfTdfdf k|j]z ub{5 . To;}n]
k|s[lt lqu'0ffTds 5 / k/dfTdf u'0fftLt 5 .
w"d]gflj|ot] jlXgo{yfbzf]{ dn]g r .
oyf]Na]gfj[tf] ue{:tyf t]g]bdfj[td\ ..#*..
h;/L w'jfFn] cfuf], dn of w'nf]n] P]gf, uef{zo of ;fngfnn] e|"0f 9flsPsf] x'G5, To;/L g}
of] hLjfTdfsf] 1fg klg ljifo–jf;gf¿kL sfdn] 9flsPsf] x'G5 ..
cfj[t+ 1fgd]t]g 1flggf] lgToj}l/0ff .
sfd¿k]0f sf}Gt]o b'ik"/]0ffgn]g r ..#(..
x] sf}Gt]o Û 1fgLhgx¿sf] ljj]s Pjd\ z'4 r]tgfnfO{ klg slxNo} t[Kt gx'g] cfuf] h:t}
OlG›ohGo sfdjf;gf¿kL zq'n] lgTo 9fs]sf] x'G5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;/L w'jfFn] clUg 9flsPsf] x'G5, w'nf]n] P]gf 9flsPsf] x'G5, lap cfˆgf]
vf]nn] 5f]lkPsf] x'G5, o:t} dg'iosf] r]tgf p;sf] jf;gfn] 9flsPsf] x'G5 . h;/L ue{ lemNnLn]
9flsPsf] x'G5 To;} u/L dg'iosf] cfTdf p;sf] sfdgfn] 9flsPsf] x'G5 . 1fg dg'iosf] :jefj xf]
hf] oxLF / clxn] ljBdfg 5 . 1fg s'g} pknlAw xf]Og / xfdL;Fu geP/ ef]ln kfOg] klg xf]Og .
xfdL;Fu h] 5}g, Tof] xfdLn] slxNo} klg kfpg ;Sb}gf}+“ . xfdL;Fu ePsf] s'/f dfq xfdLn] kfpg
;S5f}+ . h;/L w'jfFdf cfuf] n's]sf] 5, w'jfF x6\g] lalQs} cfuf] k|s6 x'G5 . ;"o{nfO{ afbnn] 9fs] klg
afbn x6\g] lalQs} ;"o{ k|s6 x'G5 / ;"o{nfO{ kfpg'kb}{g s]jn afbn x6\g' dfq k5{, ;"o{ t k|s6 g}
5 . h:tf] lap vf]nn] 9flsPsf] x'G5 t/ To;sf] cGto{df j[If ToxfF n's]sf] x'G5, hf] ck|s6 5 /
ef]ln Tof] k|s6 x'G5 . To:t} 1fg s]jn ck|s6 5, hf] ef]ln k|s6 x'G5 .
o;sf] cy{ c1fgL JolQm klg Tolt g} 1fgn] el/Psf] x'G5 hlt k/d 1fgL x'G5 . c1fgL;Fu
1fgLsf] eGbf a9L 1fg x'G5 . cfuf] t hlt 1fgL;Fu 5, Tolt g} c1fgL;Fu klg x'G5 t/ p;Fu w'jfF
klg x'G5 . h'g lbg c1fgLnfO{ 1fg pknAw x'G5 ToxL lbg oxL cfuf]nfO{ 9fSg] w'jfF jf ;"o{nfO{
9fSg] afbn x6] h:tf] 1fg dfq afFsL x'G5 / c1fg x6\5 . aflx/L cfj/0f ha x6\5, ta leqsf]
Hof]lt k|s6 x'G5 . c1fgL JolQmdf klg 1fgsf] cl:tTj 5, To:t} xfdLdf cxª\sf/ x'Fbf klg
k/dfTdf xfdL leq l:yt x'G5 . JolQm hlt g} e8lsP klg 1fg hf] p;sf] leq 5 To;af6 e8lsg
;Sb}g . hlt;'s} kfkL JolQm eP klg p;leq /x]sf] k/dfTdf slxNo} klg x6\b}g . O{Zj/ o:tf]
tŒjsf] gfd xf] h;nfO{ xfdLn] x6fpg rfXof}+ eg] klg x6fpg ;Sb}gf}+ . cfuf]n] tfk x6fpg ;Sb}g
Tof] p;sf] :jefj xf] . To;}n] dg'io 1fgnfO{ x6fpg ;Sb}g lsgeg] Tof] dg'iosf] :jefj xf] .

nf]suLtf– 114
 cWofo–#
1fgsf] cefj c1fg xf]Og . c1fg¿kL afbnn] 1fg 9flsg' c1fg xf] . c1fg 1fgsf]
ck|s6 cj:yf xf] . >Ls[i0fsf] egfOdf c1fg 1fgsf] cefj xf]Og, c1fg 1fg 9flsPsf] cj:yf xf] .
w'jfF t ljgf cfuf]sf] klg x'g ;S5 t/ cfuf] ljgf w'jfF x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] 1fgLnfO{ cxª\sf/L x'g
h?/L 5}g / c1fgLnfO{ klg xtf; x'g cfjZos 5}g . hf] 1fgLdf k|s6 5, Tof] c1fgLdf ck|s6
x'G5 . h;/L w'jfFn] cfuf]nfO{ 3]5{ / 5]S5 To;/L g} hLjfTdfnfO{ jf;gfn] 3]5{ . jf;gf g} 1fgdf
afws x'G5 h;n] k|s6 x'g lbFb}g . jf;gf g} leh]sf] bfp/f xf] h;af6 w'jfF p7\5 .
jf;gfd'Qm JolQm ;'Svf bfp/f] xf] . ;'kmL kmls/ kml/b;Fu Pshgfn] ;f]w]– dG;'/sf] xft v'§f
sfl6Fbf klg pgnfO{ lsg b'v ePg, lh;;nfO{ z"nL r9fOFbf pxfFnfO{ s;/L si6 ePg, kml/bn]
Pp6f gl/jn lbP/ o;nfO{ u'bL arfP/ l7s;Fu kmf]8]/ Nofpm eGg''eof] . p;n] eGof]– of] t ;Dej
5}g lsgeg] gl/jn sfFrf] ePsf] / va6f;Fuhf]l8Psf] x'Fbf o;nfO{ ;Unf] ¿kdf cnu ug{ ;lsFb}g .
clg kml/bn] p;nfO{ csf]{ gl/jn lbFb} cnu cnu u/]/ kmf]8]/ Nofpm eGg'eof] . Tof] JolQmn] of]
;'Svf gl/jn rflx ;lhn};Fu cnu–cnu u/]/ Nofpg ;S5' eGof] . kml/bn] ;f]Wg'eof]– ltdL ;'Svf
gl/jn s;/L cnu–cnu kmf]8]/ NofpF5f} < ;'Svf gl/jn ;'s]/ u'bL / vf]n cnu eO;Sg] x'gfn]
cnu ug{ ;lsG5 t/ sfFrf] gl/jnsf] u'bL / vf]n hf]l8Psfn] ;Un} 5'6\6\ofpg ufx|f] x'G5≤ Tof]
JolQmn] eGof] . kml/bn] eGg'eof]– ltd|f] k|Zgsf] pQ/ d}n] lbPF . dG;'/ / lh;; ;'Svf gl/jn x'g\ .
pgLx¿sf] z/L/nfO{ s;}n] rf]6 k'¥ofof] eg] Tof] rf]6 z/L/;Dd dfq k'U5, cfTdf;Dd rf]6 k'Ub}g
t/ xfdLx¿ ;a} sfFrf] gl/jn xf}+, z/L/df rf]6 nfUg]lalQs} xfdLnfO{ klg rf]6 nfluxfN5 .
jf;gfsf] dfGotf h] dnfO{ rflxPsf] 5, Tof] kfOof];\ eGg] x'G5 / ef]ln Tof] lrh kfOof] eg]
jf;gfn] c¿ g} lrhsf] vf]hL u5{ . bz nfvsf] jf;gf ePdf bz nfv k|fKt u/]kl5 Ps s/f]8sf]
jf;gf aG5 . Ps s/f]8 klg k|fKt eof] eg] b; s/f]8sf] jf;gf x'G5 . Tof] klg k|fKt eof] eg]
jf;gf cgGt x'G5 . jf;gfdf h] 5}g To;sf] dfu x'G5 / jf;gf ;bf l/Qm x'G5 hf] slxNo} klg
el/Fb}g . jf;gf slxNo} klg gel/g] x'gfn] xfd|f] cfTdf hf] ck|s6 5, Tof] slxNo} k|s6 g} x'g
kfpFb}g . jf;gf ;bf eljiodf 5 / cfTdf oxLF / clxn] jt{dfgdf g} 5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
hf] JolQmsf] lrQ jf;gfdf c8\ls/xG5, To;sf] cfTdf slxNo} k|s6 x'g kfpFb}g . jf;gf lIflth
h:t} x'G5, hf] k/ hldg;Fu hf]l8Psf] h:tf] b]lvG5 / glhsaf6 x]bf{ km]l/ cem k/ h:tf] nfU5 .
hlt k/ uP klg 5'g ;lsGg . jf;gfn] hlxn] klg bf}8fpF5 / ca t k"/f x'G5 eGg] Hf:tf] nfU5
t/ slxNo} klg k"/f x'Fb}g . To;}n] k|fKt gx'g] jf;gfsf] kl5kl5 JolQm bf}l8/xG5 h;n] ubf{
k/dfTdfn] lbPsf] cd"No s'/f hf] p;;Fu 5 To;nfO{ hfGgaf6 pm jl~rt x'G5 .
oxL jf;gfsf] bf}8df 1fg x/fpF5 . of] bf}8df ;bf cfkm";Fu ePsf] s'/f lal;{G5 . jf;gf g}
c1fg xf] . cfTdfsf] :d/0f ug]{ xf] eg] jf;gfsf] lj:d/0f x'g}k5{ . OR5fk|lt Wofg hfg' :jod\k|lt
Wofgaf6 r'Sg' xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fg s;}sf] klg x/fpFb}g, s]jn 1fg lj:d/0f dfq
x'G5 . k/dfTdf xfd|f] k'gM :d/0f xf], k/dfTdf xfdLleq ;b}j x'g'x'G5 . k/dfTdf eGbf glhs xfd|f]
sf]xL klg 5}g . Zjf; hf] aGb eof] eg] k|f0f lgl:sG5 To;eGbf klg glhs k/dfTdf x'g'x'G5 .
xfd|f] ;f/f kL8f, b'v ulx/fOdf Pp6} 5 lsgeg] xfdLn] xfd|f] s]G›df /x]sf] k/dfTdfnfO{ lal;{Psf
5f}+ . w'jfFn] cfuf]nfO{ 5f]k]sf] 5, p;sf] s'g} cl:tTj g} 5}g hf] laNfs'n gePsf] h:tf] 5 . To;nfO{
g t sf6\g ;lsG5 g aflx/ 7]n]/ lgsfNg ;lsG5 . tŒjljgfsf] w'jfFn] cfuf] h:tf] tŒjnfO{ klg
n'sfpg ;S5 . cfufn] ;a} s'/f v/fgL agfpg ;S5 t/ w'jfFnfO{ hnfpg ;Sb}g lsgeg] w'jfF s]xL
klg xf]Og . To:t} dg'ioleqsf] 1fgnfO{ p;sf] jf;gfn] 3]b{5 . jf;gf olb s]xL ePsf] eP 1fgn]

nf]suLtf– 115
cWofo–#
To;nfO{ sfl6lbGYof] t/ of] klg w'jfF h:t} xf] . jf;gf xfdLdf k}bf ePkl5 To;n] xfdLnfO{ k"/f
3]b{5 .
>Ls[i0fn] Pp6f csf]{ k|tLs klg k|:t't ug{'ePsf] 5 . h:t}– P]gfdf dn hDb5 t/ w'nf],
dn hd]/ P]gfnfO{ k6Ss} km/s kb}{g . w'nfsf] y'k|f] g} P]gfdf hd] klg P]gfsf] cl:tTj ;dfKt x'Fb}g,
pm P]gf g} /xG5 . w'nfn] P]gfnfO{ 9fs]h:t} jf;gfn] r]tgfnfO{ 9fs]sf] 5 . >Ls[i0fn] dn zAbsf]
k|of]u ug{'ePsf] 5, dnsf] cy{ kmf]x/ jf w'nf] xf] . jf;gf dn of kmf]x/ h:tf] b'u{lGwt x'gfsf
sf/0f jf;gf slxn] klg gofF j:t' k|fKt gu/Lsg k"/f x'Fb}g . hLjgsf ;f/f b'u{Gw k/tGqtfaf6
cfpF5 . hLjgsf] ;f/f ;'uGw :jtGqtfaf6 k|fKt x'G5 . jf;gfn] k/tGq agfpF5 . olb s'g} k'?if
:qLdf df]lxt eof] eg] pm :qLsf] bf; x'G5 . olb wgk|lt df]lxt eP jf;gf wgsf] bf; x'G5 To:t}
kbk|lt df]lxt eP kbsf] bf; x'G5 . jf;gfn] el/Psf] JolQm slxNo} klg ;'ulGwt x'Fb}g . jf;gf
k"/f ePkl5 klg lrQ b'vL x'G5 / ;Gt'i6 x'Fb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf r]tgf b'u{Gwn] el/Psf] dnaf6
9flsG5 / xfdLnfO{ kmf]x/sf] kqsf af/]df yfxf x'Fb}g lsgeg] xfdL Tof] b'u{Gwsf] klx/f] x'G5f“}+ . olb
jf;gf ;'uGw xf] eg] To;af6 b'v k|fKt gx'g'kg]{ xf] t/ jf;gfaf6 b'v g} b'v kfOG5, To;}n] of]
;'uGw xf]Og, b'u{Gw xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– b'u{Gwo'Qm dnn] P]gf 9fs]h:t} jf;gfn] r]tgfnfO{ 9fs]sf] x'G5 . P]gfsf]
pbfx/0f lbg'sf] sf/0f P]gfsf] cl3 hf] cfpF5 ToxfF lrq lgdf{0f x'G5, ToxfF sf]xL gePdf s'g} tl:a/
aGb}g / Sofd]/fdf h:tf] lrq e08f/0f klg x'Fb}g . hf] JolQm jf;gfaf6 d'Qm x'g ;S5 p;sf] lrq
P]gfh:t} x'G5 . sf]xL cufl8 cfP tl:a/ b]lvG5, gcfPdf vfnL b]lvG5 . s;}nfO{ cufl8 cfpg
klg eGb}g / s;}sf] lrqnfO{ hDdf u/]/ klg /fVb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] JolQmnfO{ s'g} klg
s'/fn] kljF|mb}g jf 5'Fb}g . lrqx¿ cfpF5g\ / hfG5g\ . P]gf cfˆgf] z'4tfdf eP h:t} JolQm klg
To:t} z'4tfdf x'G5 . xfd|f] lrQ eg] Sofd]/fdf lrq lnPh:t} cj:yfdf x/bd /xG5 . s;}n]
dlxgflbg cl3 ufnL u/]/ lal;{P klg lrQdf Tof] ufnL e08f/0f eP/ /x]sf] x'G5 / u'lGh/xG5 .
P]gfh:tf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] JolQm g} cgf;Qm x'g ;S5 / To;a]nf lrqx¿ cfpF5g\, hfG5g\ t/
p;nfO{ s]xL km/s kb}{g . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ToxL eGb} x'g'x'G5– ltdL P]gfh:t} 1fgsf lglDt
pknAw xf]pm, w'nf]nfO{ x6fpm, w'jfFnfO{ x6fP/ 1fgsf] Hof]ltsf] bz{g u/ . cfˆgf] lrQnfO{ P]gf
h:t} agfpm, hxfF lrqx¿ cfpmg\ / hfpmg\ t/ ltd|f] lrQdf af;gfn] s'g} k|df0f gagfcf];\ /
ltdL vfnL xf]pm .
OlGb|ofl0f dgf] a'l4/:oflwi7fgd'Rot] .
Pt}lj{df]xoTo]if 1fgdfj[To b]lxgd\ ..$)..
OlG›ox¿, dg / a'l4 g} sfd, jf;gf, OR5f cflbsf cf>o:yn x'g\ . To;}n] hLjfTdfsf]
1fgnfO{ g} logLx¿n] cfR5flbt u/]/ df]lxt u/fpF5g\ ..
t:dfŒjldlGb|of0ofbf} lgoDo e/tif{e .
kfKdfg+ k|hlx Xo]g+ 1fglj1fggfzgd\ ..$!..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û klxn] ltdL OlG›ox¿nfO{ jzdf /fv]/ 1fg / lj1fg -cfTd1fg_
nfO{ gfz ug]{jfnf dxfg\ kfkL of] sfdnfO{ ank"j{s df/ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û OlG›ox¿ dg, sfdgf / jf;gfsf d"n;|f]t x'g\ . log}sf sf/0f
jf;gfsf] ;Ddf]xg p7\5 / hLjfTdfnfO{ 3]b{5 . oxL ljiffQm em/gf km'6\g] ;|f]t xf] / log}n]
hLjfTdfnfO{ e8\sfpF5 . ltdL klxn] o;nfO{ jz u/ . ltdL o;nfO{ df/ of o;nfO{ ;dfKt

nf]suLtf– 116
 cWofo–#
ul/b]pm . of] df/ jf ;dfKt ul/b]pm eGg] zAbsf sf/0f e|flGt pTkGg ePsf] 5 . OlG›o / dgnfO{
df/ eGg] egfOaf6 sltko JolQmx¿nfO{ s] nfUof] eg] OlG›onfO{ sf6 cyf{t\ cfFvf kmf]8, v'§f
sfl6b]pm, h;sf sf/0f jf;gfsf] k5fl8 bf}l8g' gk/f];\ t/ OlG›ox¿nfO{ jf;gfsf nflu v'§f, cfFvf
/ cGo OlG›ox¿sf] s'g} h?/t x'Fb}g eGg] yfx} 5}g . nFu8f / cGwf JolQm klg jf;gfdf Tolt g}
hf]8n] kl5 nfU5g\ h:tf] ls ;anfª\u JolQm bf}l8P/ efUg ;S5g\, cfFvfn] b]Vg g;s]sf] ;'Gb/tf
leqL cfFvf jf sNkgfaf6 b]Vg ;S5g\ . v'Nnf cfFvfn] x]g]{ JolQm a? jf;gfaf6 p7\g ;S5 t/
cfFvf ljgfsf] JolQm slxNo} klg jf;gfd'Qm x'Fb}g .
k|s[ltnfO{ s'lNrof] eg] ljs[lt k}bf x'G5 / k|s[ltnfO{ ¿kfGt/0f u¥of] eg] To;af6 h]
hlGdG5 Tof] ;+:s[lt aG5 . OlG›osf] lj/f]wL s[i0feGbf sd JolQm vf]Hg ;lsGg . >Ls[i0f pbf; /
?Gr] JolQm x'g'x'Gg . >Ls[i0f h:tf] xF;d'v / gfRg] JolQmTj k[YjLdf vf]Hg sl7g 5 . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f OlG›onfO{ s'lNrg] s'/f eGg ;Sg'x'Gg . of] >Ls[i0fsf] JolQmTjsf] l7s ljk/Lt x'G5 . hf]
JolQm afF;'/L ahfpFb} gfRb5 / grfpF5, hf] h'g]nL /ftdf gfRb} 5 o:tf] JolQmsf] d'vaf6
OlG›onfO{ s'lNrg] s'/f cfpg c;Dej 5 . of] do"/d's'6df ;';lHht k|]daf6 el/k"0f{ JolQmTj h;n]
hLjgnfO{ ;jf{ª\utfdf :jLsf/ ub{5 o:tf] lrQjfnf JolQmn] dfg{' eg]sf] s'lNrP/ dfg{' cjZo
eg]sf] xf]Og .
OlG›ox¿n] b'vdf lnP/ hfG5g\ Tof] ;fFrf] xf] / of] b'vdf cxª\sf/ n's]sf] x'G5 . of] yfxf
gkfpg] tyfslyt JolQmx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ g} of] ;'g]/ lx+;f ul//x]sf 5g\ . of] t ¿kfGt/0f xf]Og, z'4
lx+;f xf] . >Ls[i0fsf] egfO OlG›osf] ¿kfGt/0f xf], lx+;f ug{' xf]Og . s'g} klg OlG›o df/]/ db}{g
s]jn ¿kfGt/0faf6 dfq d5{ . OlG›onfO{ dfg{ vf]Hof] eg] To;n] s}og\ u'0ff ljs[lt / ljlIfKttf
hGdfpF5 . OlG›o df/]/ slxNo} klg db}{g, h'g OlG›onfO{ dfg{ vf]h]sf] xf] Tof] OlG›o s}og\ u'0ff
zlQmzfnL eP/ cem k|antfk"j{s xfdLnfO{ rnfpF5 . OlG›o :jod\ ;an eP/ dflns gagL 5fof
h:tf] eP/ cf1fn] rNg'k5{ . ;fIfL JolQmsf OlG›ox¿ 5fof eP/ cfb]zdf rN5g\ . hf] cfkm"nfO{
stf{ ;lDemG5, pm g} OlG›ox¿sf] jzdf x'G5 . hf] cfkm"nfO{ OlG›osf] dflns ;lDemG5, pm
OlG›ox¿sf] jzeGbf aflx/ x'G5 clg ;f/f OlG›ox¿n] :jtM ;dk{0f ub{5g\ .
OlGb|ofl0f k/f0ofx'l/lGb|o]EoM k/+ dgM .
dg;:t' k/f a'l4of]{ a'4]M k/t:t' ;M ..$@..
OlG›ox¿nfO{ :y"n z/L/eGbf >]i7, anjfg\ / ;"Id dflgPsf] 5 . tL OlG›ox¿eGbf >]i7 dg,
dgeGbf >]i7 a'l4 / a'l4eGbf cToGt >]i7 cfTdf 5 ..
olb xfdL OlG›ox¿nfO{ jzdf /fVg' xfd|f] zlQmeGbf aflx/sf] s'/f xf] eGg] ;f]R5f} eg] Tof]
unt x'g] 5 / dxfg\ e'n klg x'g] 5 . OlG›ox¿nfO{ jzdf ug{' sl7g 5 t/ c;Dej eg] 5}g .
xfdL k"0f{ xf}+ / xfd|f] OlG›o xfd|f] Pp6f lx:;f dfq xf] . cfFvf ljgf xfdL x'g ;S5f}+ t/ xfdLljgf
cfFvf x'g ;Sb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– OlG›ox¿df ltd|f] jz t 5 t/ ltdLn] slxNo} To;nfO{ :d/0f
u/]sf 5}gf} . ltdL OlG›osf dflns xf} t/ ltdL cfkm}F p;sf] bf; ag]sf 5f} . OlG›oeGbf 6f9f /
;an Pjd\ >]i7 dg 5, dgeGbf k/ ;an Pjd\ >]i7 a'l4 5, a'l4eGbf k/ ;an Pjd\ >]i7 cfTdf
5 . hf] hlt k/ of 6f9f 5, Tof] Tolt g} zlQmzfnL x'G5 . zlQmzfnL hlxn] klg cGTodf x'G5,
lsgeg] p;n] ;a} s'/fnfO{ ;XDffN5 h:tf] ls j[Ifsf] tnsf] h/fn] ;f/f j[IfnfO{ ;XDffn]sf] x'G5 .
x] ch{'g Û dg OlG›oeGbf zlQmzfnL 5 / dgn] rfXof] eg] s'g} klg OlG›onfO{ tTsfn /f]Sg
;S5 . dg ;lqmo eof] eg] OlG›o tTsfn /f]lsG5≤ hxfF dg x'G5 ToxfF OlG›o hfG5 . OlG›osf]

nf]suLtf– 117
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zlQm dgaf6 cfpF5 . dgeGbf kl5 a'l4 5, a'l4 hxfF 5 ToxfF dg hfg'k5{ . xfdL a'l4nfO{ dgsf]
;dy{gdf k|of]u u5f}{+ . a'l4 dgeGbf k/ / dfly 5 . /ftL k|uf9 lg›fdf hxfF dg /xFb}g ToxfF klg
a'l4 l:yt x'G5 . dg t ljrf/x¿sf] hf]8 xf] . laxfg p7]/ xfdL eG5f}+– /ftL /fd|f] lg›f cfof] . of]
ld7f] / cfgGbbfos lg›f k¥of] eg]/ a'l4n] hfGb5 . ;dy{ JolQmsf] a'l4n] dgnfO{ rnfpF5 .
a'l4eGbf k/ cfTdf 5 . a'l4n] cfTdfsf] s'/f dfg]df JolQm kf/ x'g ;S5 .
Pj+ a'4]M k/+ a'b\Wjf ;+:tEofTdfgdfTdgf .
hlx zq'+ dxfafxf] sfd¿k+ b'/f;bd\ ..$#..
x] dxfafx' Û a'l4eGbf >]i7 cyf{t\ ;"Id, anjfg\ / cToGt >]i7 cfTdfnfO{ hfg]/ / a'l4åf/f
dgnfO{ jzdf /fvL ltdL of] sfd¿k b'h]{o zq'nfO{ df/ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cfˆgf] k/d pmhf{ zlQmnfO{ lrg]/ cyf{t\ cfˆgf] k/d pmhf{ zlQm
k/dfTdfsf] g} zlQm xf] eGg] hfg]/ OlG›onfO{ jzdf /fv . dgnfO{ a'l4n] jzdf /fv, a'l4sf]
afu8f]/ k/dfTdfsf] xftdf b]pm . o;f] u¥of} eg] ltdL of] b'h]{o jf;gfaf6 aflx/ x'g] 5f} . hf] hlt
ulx/fOdf 5 Tof] TolQ g} zlQmzfnL x'G5 . ulx/fOdf ePsf] cfTdf ;a}eGbf zlQmzfnL x'G5 . To;}n]
x] ch{'g Û ltdL ulx/fOdf ePsfnfO{ g} ;~rfng ug{ b]pm, dflysf] cfj/0fnfO{ ;~rfns gagfpm .
OlG›o ;fwf/0ftof oflGqs ¿kdf cfbtcg';f/ rNb5g\ lsgeg] xfdLn] dgåf/f ltgnfO{ ;~rfng
u/]sf xF'b}gf}+“ . xfdLn] OlG›onfO{ cfˆgf] ;Qf x:tfGt/0f u/]sf 5f}+ . o; l:yltdf xfdLn] dgnfO{
lardf Nofpg'kg]{ x'G5 . ;r]tgfk"j{s, xf]l;of/ eP/ sfo{ u¥of“}+ eg] OlG›osf] zlQm dgdf sdhf]/
x'G5 / dgsf] zlQm OlG›odf a9\g yfN5 .
km]l/ a'l4n] dgnfO{ ;~rflnt u/f}+“ . xfdL t a'l4sf] k|of]u dgn] s'g} lrhnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{
g;Sbf dfq u5f}{+ . uf8L rnfpFbf dg cfˆgf] ofqf ul//x]sf] x'G5 t/ Od/h]G;Ldf a|]s nufpg'
k/]df eg] dg tTsfn aGb x'G5 / a'l4sf] sfd ;'? x'G5 . xfdL a'l4nfO{ ha p;sf] ;]jfsf] h?/t
x'G5, ta dfq af]nfpF5f}+ cGoyf dgn] cfˆgf] sfd ul//x]sf] x'G5 . a'l4n] dgnfO{ ;~rfng ug{'k5{ .
ha dgn] ;kgfsf] dxn agfpg yfN5, ta a'l4nfO{ lardf NofP/ dg s] ;f]lr/x]sf] 5 eg]/
b]vfpg'k5{ . o:tf] cj:yfdf dgsf hfnf]x¿ 6'6\5g\ . a'l4 lardf cfpFbf dgsf] cj:yf lzIfs
sIffdf cfpFbf ljBfyL{x¿sf] eP h:t} x'G5 / dg 8/fpg yfN5 . dg s]jn ;kgf b]Vg ;S5,
p;;Fu s'g} ljj]s / ljrf/sf] zlQm x'Fb}g . ljrf/sf] zlQm a'l4;Fu x'G5 . To;}n] a'l4nfO{ lardf
Nofpg cfjZos x'G5 / dgsf sfdx¿nfO{ a'l4n] hfu?s eP/ ug{ nufpg'k5{ . o;f] ug]{lalQs}
dg bLg x'G5 .
a'l4 klg k/d xf]Og . To;}n] o;nfO{ klg ;a} s'/fx¿ ;'lDkg x'Fb}g . a'l4sf] jzdf JolQm
eof] eg] cxª\sf/L x'G5 . a'l4df 7'nf] cxª\sf/ cfpF5 . a'l4 ;f]Rg ljrf/ ug{ ;S5 t/ hLjgsf]
;To cuDo / a'l4sf] lgoGq0feGbf aflx/ 5 . hLjg o:tf] /x:ok"0f{ 5, h;nfO{ a'l4n] dfq vf]Ng
;lsFb}g . a'l4 klg ha ;d:ofdf k5{, ta dfq k/dfTdfnfO{ ofb u5{ . ha;Dd a'l4 b'vdf kb}{g,
ta;Dd k/dfTdfnfO{ ofb ub}{g . Pp6f JolQmsf] pkrf/ ubf{ ub}{ ha p;sf] :jf:Yo cj:yfaf/]
8fS6/n] hjfkm lbG5, ta dfq p;nfO{ eujfg\sf] ofb cfpF5 . To;}n] x] eujg\ Û dnfO{ af6f]
b]vfpm eGg yfN5 . a'l4 ha xfb{5, ta ;dk{0f ug{'sf] s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g . ha ;kmntf / ;'vn] ;fy
lbO/x]sf] x'G5 To; a]nfdf g} s'g} JolQmn] k/dfTdfsf] :d/0f ub}{ a'l4nfO{ ;dk{0f u¥of] eg] Tof]
a]nf a'l4sf] ;xL ;dk{0f x'G5 / a'l4 k/dfTdfsf] xftdf x'G5 . OlG›onfO{ dgsf] xftdf ;'Dkf}F,
dgnfO{ a'l4df / a'l4nfO{ k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf ;dk{0f u/f}F . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– h;n]

nf]suLtf– 118
 cWofo–#
cfkm"nfO{ ;dlk{t ub{5 Tof] JolQm b'h]{o sfdgfaf6 kf/ x'G5, cyf{t\ p;nfO{ k/dfTdf pknAw
x'G5 .
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] sd{of]uf] gfd
t[tLof]›WofoM ..#..

nf]suLtf– 119
cWofo–#

nf]suLtf– 120
 cWofo–$
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
rf}yf] cWofo
1fgsd{;GGof;of]uM

>L eujfg'jfr .
Od+ ljj:jt] of]u+ k|f]QmjfgxdJood\ .
ljj:jfGdgj] k|fx dg'l/Ijfsj]˜a|jLt\ ..!..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– of] cljgfzL Pjd\ hLjfTdf / k/dfTdflarsf] ;DaGw a'emfpg] ljlzi6
1fg d}n] ;j{k|yd ;"o{nfO{ lbPsf] lyPF, ;"o{n] j}j:jt dg'nfO{ / j}j:jt dg'n] cfˆgf lk|o k'q /fhf
OIjfs'nfO{ lbP ..
;To ;doeGbf ;gftg 5 . ;Tosf] hGd / d[To' x'Fb}g To;}n] ;To gofF jf k'/fgf] x'Fb}g .
;dosf ;Ldfleq x'g] ;a} kl/jt{gLo x'G5 eg] ;dosf ;Ldfaflx/ x'g] dfq ckl/jt{gLo x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û d}n] ltdLnfO{ h] eGb} 5' ToxL s'/f d}n] ;"o{nfO{ klg ;[li6sf] k|f/Dedf
eg]sf] lyPF . ;a} k|f/De ;doleq} x'G5 ;doaflx/ s'g} k|f/De x'g ;Sb}g . To:t} ;a} cGt klg
;doleq g} x'G5 . >Ls[i0fsf] egfOsf] tfTko{ ;To ;doeGbf aflx/ 5 / ToxL ;To ;"o{nfO{ klg
pxfFn] eGg'ePsf] lyof] .
Wofgsf] ulx/fOdf JolQmx¿n] ;j{k|yd k|sfzsf] cg'ej ub{5g\ . JolQmsf] cxª\sf/ ha
ljnLg eP/ z"Go x''G5, ta k|sfz dfq z]if /xG5 / JolQm ;doeGbf klxn]sf] cj:yfdf k'U5 .
s[i0fsf] cy{ oxL ;To d}n] k|sfz cyf{t\ ;"o{nfO{ klxn] eg]sf] lyPF eGg] xf] . o; hut\sf] k|f/Desf]
klxnf] 36gf / clGtd 36gf klg k|sfz g} xf] . >Ls[i0f oxfF k|sfznfO{ ;"o{ eGg'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'
x'G5– d}n] ;"o{nfO{ klxn] eg]sf] lyPF lsgeg]] k|sfz ;a}eGbf klxn] x'G5 . ;"o{kl5 k|sfzsf k'q
j}j:jt dg'nfO{ ;"o{n] eg]sf lyP clg pgsf k'q /fhf OIjfs'nfO{ dg'n] eg]sf lyP . >Ls[i0f d}n]
eg]sf] lyPF eGg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0fsf] z/L/ hf] ch{'gsf] cufl8 5 Tof] z/L/ t clxn]sf] pkb]zeGbf
s]xL jif{cufl8 dfq hlGdPsf] xf] / s]xL jif{kl5 labf x'g] 5 . s[i0fsf] egfOsf] cy{ c¿ g} …dÚ xf] .
lh;;nfO{ Pshgfn] k|Zg u/]– ca|fxdsf ;DaGwdf tkfO{+sf] s] ljrf/ 5, ca|fxd lh;;eGbf w]/}
cl3sf ox'bLx¿sf] k}uDa/ x'g'x'G5 . lh;; eGg'x'G5– ca|fxdeGbf klg cl3 d lyPF . of]
dl/odsf 5f]/f lh;;sf] af/]df elgPsf] xf]Og, ca|fxd t lh;;eGbf xhf/f}F jif{ cl3 x'g'x'GYof] .
lh;;n] z/L/sf] xf]Og, k/dfTdtŒjsf] s'/f ug{'ePsf] xf] .
>Ls[i0f ;f}o{ huTf\sf] ToxL klxnf] 36gf eGg] qmddf dg' Pjd\ OIjfs'sf af/]df klg
eGg'x'G5, hf] xhf/fF} jif{cl3 x'g'x'GYof] . >Ls[i0fn] d}n] ;"o{nfO{ eg]sf] lyPF eGg'sf] cy{ oxfF s[i0f
JolQmsf] ¿kdf xf]Og ;dli6sf] ¿kdf af]Nb} x'g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ;dosf] aflx/ 36]sf]
36gfsf af/]df k/dfTdfsf] ¿kdf eGb} x'g'x'G5 . s[i0f k"/f ;do b'O{ w/ftndf pleP/ s'/f
ug'{x'G5 . hf] jQmJo ;doeGbf aflx/ 5, ToxfF s[i0f k/dfTdf h:t} eP/ af]Ng'x'G5 / hf] jQmJo
;dosf ;Ldfleq 5 ToxfF s[i0f ch{'gsf] ldqsf ¿kdf af]Ng'x'G5 . pko'{Qm Znf]sdf >Ls[i0fn]
;"o{nfO{ eg]sf] eGg] egfO hLjgsf] k/d ;To, k/d pmhf{åf/f elgPsf] xf] / oxL ;To ;"o{n]
dg'nfO{, dg'n] cfˆgf k'qnfO{ eGg'sf] tfTko{ ;do cnu cnu x'Fb}g eGg] xf] . oxfF eGg] JolQm /

nf]suLtf– 121
cWofo–$
;'Gg] JolQm cnu x'g ;S5g\ t/ ;To ToxL x'G5 . ;Tosf ;DaGwdf cg]s hfGg] JolQmx¿n] cf–
cfˆgf] z}nLdf cf–cfˆgf] tl/sfaf6 cg]s k|sf/n] Pp6} s'/f eg]sf 5g\ .
pklgifb\n] h] eG5, a'4 ToxL s'/f eGg'x'G5 t/ leGg s'/f elgPsf] h:tf] nfU5 . oxfF af]Ng]
JolQm / ;'Gg] JolQmx¿ ablnP/ o'u;Fu} efiff klg ablnof] . dxfjL/n] h] eGg'x'G5, Tof] j]bdf
elgPsf] s'/f g} eGg'x'G5 t/ efiff ablnof] . af]Ng] JolQm / ;'Gg] JolQmx¿ ablnP / slxn]sfxLF
efiffsf] kl/jt{gn] b'O{ JolQmx¿n] eg]sf] egfO ljk/Lt h:tf] klg nfUb5 . dg'io hfltsf] hLjgdf
o;af6 7'nf] b'3{6gf 3l6t ePsf] 5 . lxGb", O:nfd, O;fO{, af}4, h}g, l;v cflb wd{ Ps csf{sf
lj/f]wL / zq' x'g\ h:tf] nfUb5 . oL cnu–cnu wd{x¿sf ;To klg cnu–cnu 5g\ h:tf] k|tLt
x'G5 t/ ;To Pp6} 5≤ o;df s'g} leGgtf 5}g . cnu–cnu o'udf cnu–cnu JolQmnfO{ elgPsf]
x'Fbf leGgh:tf] efg dfq ePsf] xf] . wfld{s JolQm ToxL x'G5 h;n] oL ;a} lj/f]wx¿df klg
;TonfO{ hfGb5, cGoyf k/:k/df lj/f]wL ;To b]Vg] JolQm wfld{s x'g ;Sb}g .
>Ls[i0f oxfF l7s oxL ;To klxn] klg elgPsf] lyof] eGg'x'G5 . pxfF df}lns x'g] bfaf klg
ug{'x'Gg / d}n] g} klxnf]k6s eg]sf] lyPF klg eGg'x'Gg / ch{'gnfO{ klg ;To klxnf] k6s ;'lg/x]sf
5f} klg eGg'x'Gg . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] s'/f gofF xf]Og t/ df}lns xf], h'g d"n;Fu ;DalGwt 5 .
of] s'/f hxfFaf6 ;a} hlGdPsf 5g\, ToxLF;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . ;Tosf] cg'ej x'g] JolQmnfO{ ;To
klxn] s;}n] hfg]sf] 5}g / d}n] dfq hfg]sf] 5' eGg] k|tLlt x'g ;S5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– oxL s'/f
xhf/f}+“ k6s cgGt JolQmx¿n] eg]sf 5g\ . ;Tosf ;DaGwdf s[i0f k"jf{u|x/lxt x'g'x'G5 . s[i0fsf]
hf]8 ;Todf 5≤ To;}n] pxfF eGg'x'G5– hf] ;To xf] ToxL d ltdLnfO{ eG5' . dxfjL/ klg eGg'x'G5–
deGbf klxn] kf/;gfy, Cifegfyn] / g}ldgfyn] klg oxL eg]sf lyP . a'4 eGg'x'G5– deGbf klxn]
hf] a'4 eP, h;n] hfg] / b]v], pgLx¿n] klg oxL eg] . oL ;a} JolQmx¿ gofF tyf k'/fgf] eg]/
bfaf ul//xg'ePsf] 5}g s]jn ;To, ;To g} x'G5 elg/xg'ePsf] 5 . ;"o{ xfdL gx'Fbf klg lyof], xfdL
;dfKt ePkl5 klg x'G5 . To;}n] of] ;"o{ gofF / k'/fgf] xf]Og . xfdL gofF / k'/fgf x'G5f“}+, cfpF5f“}+ /
hfG5f“}+ t/ ;To cfˆgf] 7fpFdf c6n x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;"o{nfO{ eGbf klg ;To ToxL lyof] /
h'g lbg ;"o{n] cfˆgf 5f]/f dg'nfO{ eg] To; a]nfdf klg ;To ToxL lyof] / dg'n] cfˆgf 5f]/f
OIjfs'nfO{ eGbf klg ;To ToxL lyof] . s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ eGbf klg ;To ToxL 5 . lxhf] ;To hxfF
lyof], cfh klg ToxLF 5 / ef]ln xfdL sf]xL gx'Fbf klg ;To ToxL c6n ¿kdf /xG5 .
Pj+ k/Dk/fk|fKtldd+ /fhif{of] ljb'M .
; sfn]g]x dxtf of]uf] gi6M k/Gtk ..@..
x] k/Gtk Û ;+;f/df of] k/dlj1fg u'?–lzio k/Dk/fsf dfWodaf6 /fhlif{x¿n] hfg] . nfdf]
;dosf] cGt/fndf of] of]u gi6 xf]Og n'Ktk|foM eof] ..
of] k/dlj1fg u'?–lzio k/Dk/faf6 /fhlif{x¿n] hfg] h'g k[YjLaf6 nfdf] ;dosf] cGt/fndf
n'Kt k|foM eof] . k/Dk/fsf] cy{ 6«]l8;g (Tradition) xf]Og . 6«]l8;gsf] cy{ /Lt Pjd\ k|rlnt
Joj:yf xf] t/ k/Dk/fsf] cy{ km/s 5 . k/Dk/fsf] cy{ c+u|]hLdf Continum x'g ;S5 . ;Gtlt
k|jfx cyf{t\ l;nl;nf g} k/Dk/fsf] cy{ xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k/Dk/f cGtu{t g} Clifx¿n] of]
;TonfO{ Ps csf{sf dfWodaf6 hfg] . >Ls[i0f h'g k/Dk/fsf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 Tof] zf:qsf] geP/
hfGg] JolQmx¿sf] k/Dk/f xf] . >Ls[i0fn] ;"o{nfO{ zf:qsf dfWodaf6 xf]Og l;w} eGg'ePsf] xf] .
;To ;b}j k/dfTdfaf6 JolQm;Fusf] l;wf ;+jfb xf] . xfdLn] k/Dk/fsf af/]df a'‰g] u/]sf] cy{ unt
xf] . k/Dk/fsf] cy{ ;To x:tfGt/0f / cfˆgf] hfgsf/L c¿nfO{ lbP/ hfgsf/ agfpg' klg xf]Og .

nf]suLtf– 122
 cWofo–$
k/Dk/fsf] cy{ hfGg] JolQmx¿sf] lardf Pp6f s8L x'g' xf], h;nfO{ cl3 klg w]/}n] hflg;s]sf 5g\
/ kl5 klg c¿x¿n] hfGg ;Sg] 5g\ . ;To ;"o{h:tf] ;bf rlDs/x]sf] x'G5 h;n] cfFvf vf]n]/ x]¥of]
To;n] ;TonfO{ hfGg ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] ;Tosf] k/Dk/f n'Ktk|foM eof] . ;To n'Kt of gi6 x'g ;Sb}g To;}n]
>Ls[i0f n'Kt eof] eGg'x'Gg s]jn n'Ktk|foM eof] eGg'x'G5 . ;To olb n'Kt g} eof] eg] To;sf] k'gM
cfljisf/ ;Dej x'Fb}g / To;nfO{ vf]Hg klg ;lsFb}g . ;To ;b}j n'Ktk|foM x'G5 t/ of] n'Kt g} eg]
x'Fb}g . Pp6f ls/0f dfq eP klg cGwsf/n] el/Psf] xfd|f] dgdf of] l:yt /xG5 . h:tf] ls 3/sf
‰ofn 9f]sf aGb u/] klg Pp6f ;fgf] Kjfnaf6 ;"o{sf] ls/0f cfPh:tf] ;To;Fu xfd|f] ;DaGw alg g}
/xG5 / To;} ls/0fsf] k|sfzaf6 xfdL ;"o{nfO{ k'gM vf]Hg ;S5f}+“ . x/]s sfnv08df ;Tosf] Pp6f
ls/0f df}h'b g} /xG5 h;af6 xfdL n'Ktk|foM ;TonfO{ vf]Hg ;S5f“}+ t/ olb of] ls/0f klg ljnLg
eof] eg] o;nfO{ vf]Hg] s'g} pkfo g} /xFb}g . l7s o;}u/L hfg]sf] ;Tosf] k/Dk/f ;'g]sf] ;Tosf]
k/Dk/fdf x/fpF5 . ›i6fsf] k/Dk/f ;|i6fsf] k/Dk/fdf x/fpF5 . la:tf/} zf:qsf] ;d"x hDdf x'G5 /
1fgsf] ls/0f o;df 8'a]/ x/fpF5 . xfdL zf:qnfO{ g} s07:y ug{ yfN5f}+“ clg zf:qaf6 g} xfdLnfO{
1fg k|fKt x'g] 5 eGg] nfUg yfN5 . o; l:yltdf ;Tosf] l;wf vf]h aGb x'G5 / xfdL pwf/f]
;Todf afFRg yfN5f“}+ .
zf:qx¿sf] ;fd"lxs d?e"lddf klg ;To n'Kt x'g ;Sb}g s]jn n'Ktk|foM dfq x'G5 . olb
s;}n] zf:qsf] y'k|f]df klg ;To vf]h]/ kfpg ;Sof] eg] ToxfF klg ;To pknAw x'g ;S5 . t/
To;nfO{ lrGg sl7g 5 lsgeg]] xfdL ;To;Fu kl/lrt g} 5}gf}+“ . To;}n] Tof] zf:qx¿sf] y'k|f]nfO{
vg]/ lgsfNg] sfo{ sl7g x'G5 / xfdL ;To gkfP/ e8lsg klg ;S5f“}+ . cfh o:t} cj:yf ljBdfg
5, lxGb" lxGb"sf] zf:qdf x/fPsf] 5, d';ndfg, O;fO{ pgLx¿s} zf:qdf x/fPsf 5g\ . ha
df]xDdb, lh;;, dxfjL/, a'4nfO{ 1fg eof], ta pxfFx¿;Fu s'g} zf:q g} lyPg . hfGg] k|lqmof ;bf
cFWof/f], df}g clg zflGtdf pknAw x'G5 . xfdLx¿ hfGgsf nflu zAbsf] dfu{af6 ofqf u5f“}{+ .
JolQmn] zf:qaf6 vf]Hbfvf]Hb} ylst eP/ o;nfO{ aGb u/]/ l;wf ;Tosf] dfu{af6 lglSnPdf ;To
k|fKt x'g ;S5 . JolQmn] ha zAbnfO{ df}gdf ¿kfGt/0f u5{ ta dfq ;Tosf] l;wf vf]h k|f/De x'g]
5.
;To n'Kt x'g] csf]{ sf/0f Pp6f ;To hfGg] JolQmn] csf]{ ;To hfGg] JolQmnfO{ eGb}gg\
lsgeg] To;sf] s'g} k|of]hg g} x'Fb}g . pbfx/0fsf nflu dxfjL/n] hfg]sf] ;To ghfg]sf] JolQmnfO{
eGg'kg]{ x'G5 / ToxfFaf6 ;d:of plAhG5 . ghfGg] JolQmn] hfGg] JolQmaf6 elgPsf] s'/f p;n]
a'√b}g / cfkm"n] cy{ nufPsf] s'/f ;'g]/ a'‰5 . xfdL ToxL ;'Gg ;S5f}+“, hf] xfdL hfGb5f“}+ / leqsf]
dgn] ;Tosf] s'/f ;'g]/ klg a'‰b}g . >Ls[i0fn] eg]sf] s'/f ch{'gn] ;'g]/ a'em]sf eP s[i0fnfO{ ca
af]Ng s]xL afFsL g} /xg] lyPg . hfGg] JolQmx¿n] ghfGg] JolQmx¿;Fu af]Ng'kg]{ x'G5 / pgLx¿n]
;'g]/ cfˆgf] cy{ lgsfN5g\ hf] pgLx¿sf] cfˆgf] cy{ x'G5 oxL :jfefljs sl7gfOsf sf/0f ;To
n'Ktk|foM x'G5 .
P8dG8 js{ (Edmund Burke) ljZjsf] ;fdflhs Pjd\ /fhg}lts Oltxf; n]Vb} lyP .
Oltxf; n]Vg] qmddf pgsf] kGw| jif{ lalt;s]sf] lyof] h;cGtu{t sl/a Oltxf; n]Vg] cfwf sfd
;DkGg eO;s]sf] lyof] . cxf]/fq k9\g] / n]Vg] sfd dfq pgL ub{y] . Pslbg pgsf] 3/sf] 5]pdf
xNnfvNnf ;'? eof] . klxn] t js{n] Wofg lbPgg\ t/ xNnf a9]kl5 pgL aflx/ s] ePsf] xf] eg]/
a'‰g lg:s] . glhs} Ps JolQmsf] xTof ePsf] lyof] . Tof] xTofsf ;DaGwdf ;fIfLx¿ ljleGg s'/f

nf]suLtf– 123
cWofo–$
ub}{ lyP . sf]xL eGb} lyP xTof ug]{n] l7s u¥of]– of] t unt JolQm lyof] . sf]xL eGb} lyP xTof/f
unt lyof]– of] JolQm t /fd|} lyof] . xTofsf] ljj/0fdf klg JolQmx¿sf] cnu–cnu ljrf/ jf
aofg lyof] . sf]xL eGb} lyP xTof/f lhDd]jf/ 5 / sf]xL eGb} lyP xTof/fn] afWo eP/ xTof u/]sf]
xf] . P8dG8 js{n] kGw| jif{ sfd u/]sf] lstfadf cfuf] nufP / n]v]– d]/f] 3/sf] k5fl8 s;}sf]
xTof x'Fbf cfFvfn] b]Vg] 36gfsf k|ToIfbzL{x¿sf] egfO t olt km/s 5 eg] kfFr xhf/ jif{cl3 s]
ePsf] lyof] eGg] s'/f kfFr xhf/ jif{kl5 ;To n]Vg ;lsFb}g≤ t;y{ of] Joy{sf] sfd xf] . js{n]
n]v]sf 5g\ Oltxf; ;/f;/ em'6f] syf xf] / ;To Oltxf; n]Vg g} ;lsFb}g .
>Ls[i0fn] af]Ng] lalQs} ;To ablng nfUof] / csf]{ JolQm sxfF k'Ug] lalQs} o;sf] ¿k
ablnP/ n'Kt x'g ;'? eof] . ;To af]Ng] lalQs} ;'Gg] JolQmsf] Ifdtfsf] cefjsf] sf/0f n'Kt x'g
yfNb5 ;fy} af]Ng] k|lqmofdf klg ;To n'Kt x'G5 . ;To clt lj/f6\ 5 / zAb ;ÍL0f{ 5 . ;TonfO{
ha zAbdf /fVg] r]i6f x'G5, ToxfFaf6 sl7gfO ;'? x'G5 . To;}n] x/]s hfGg]jfnfx¿ eG5g\– ;To
;a} eGg ;lsFb}g . hf] eGg rfx]sf] xf] Tof] eGbfeGb} 5'6\b5 . laxfg ;"o{ pbfPsf] ;'Gb/tfsf]
cj:yf, r/fr'?ËLx¿n] uLt ufPsf], j[Ifx¿df km"n km'Nb} u/]sf] / k|;Gg b]lvPsf] s'/f zAbdf
s;}nfO{ j0f{g ug{'k¥of] eg] cfkm"n] cg'ej u/]sf] wldnf] tl:a/ klg eGg ;lsFb}g lsgeg]] xfdL h]
eG5f}+“, ToxfF ;"o{sf] ls/0f / tfk x'g] 5}g . ToxfF kIfLx¿sf] uLtsf] ;ËLt x'g] 5}g, ToxfF j[Ifsf]
xl/ofnL klg x'g] 5}g / ToxfF laxfgsf] xfjfsf] :jR5kg x'g] 5}g . To;df km"nx¿ km'Ng] efjx¿
klg x'Fb}g . laxfgsf] WofgdUg ;dflw:y ¿ksf] j0f{g zAbdf ug}{ ;lsFb}g . clg of] j0f{g ;'Gg]
JolQmn] ha c¿nfO{ To;sf af/]df atfpg yfN5g\ To;a]nf ;To n'Kt x'g ;'? x'G5 . s]xL t eGg]
k|lqmofdf g} n'Kt x'G5 . clg Tof] ;'Gg] JolQmn] ;'g]sf] e/df c¿nfO{ ;'gfpF5 clg ;To n'Kt x'g
yfN5 .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;To n'Ktk|foM 5 t/ ;To olt t lglZrt ¿kdf afFRb5 ls
To;sf] k|Tole1f ug{ ;lsof];\ . ;To ;bf n'Ktk|foM x'G5 t/ n'Ktk|foM eP/ klg ;To ljBdfg
x'G5 . ;fy} ;To hlt;'s} n'Ktk|foM eP klg c;To x'Fb}g . ;bf ;Tosf] wldnf] k|ltWjlg z]if g}
/xG5 . hfGg] JolQmn] Tof] k|ltWjlgnfO{ lrGg ;S5g\ / Tof] k|ltWjlgsf] k|Tole1f ug{ ;S5g\ . ;To
bz{g xf] / of]u To;sf] åf/ xf] . ;To hfGg ;lsG5 / h;af6 ;TonfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 Tof] dfu{ of]u
xf] .
/fhlif{sf] cy{ Clift'No /fhf eGg] xf] . Clif Tofusf] k|tLs xf] / /fhf TofuL eP /fhlif{
sxnfpF5 . Clif geO{sg t /fhf /fhlif{ x'g ;Sb}g . /fhfdf Tofusf] zlQm x'g}k5{ . :jfdL /fdn]
cd]l/sfsf tTsfnLg /fi6«klt hf] pxfFnfO{ e]6\g cfPsf lyP, pgnfO{ cfkm" afbzfx ePsf] atfpg'
eof] / eGg'eof] d afbzfx x'F lsgeg]] ddf s'g} rfxgf / dfu ca afFsL 5}g . dnfO{ ca s'g}
s'/fn] klg nf]e pTkGg x'Fb}g . o;sf/0f klg afbzfx h:tf] nfU5 ls hab]lv cfˆgf ljrf/x¿
5f]8]+, To;kl5 ;a} cfˆgf] dfq nfU5 / ;f/f b'lgofF / a|Xdf08 d]/f] xf] eGg] nfU5 . ha cfkm"leq
x]5{' clg cgGt ;DklQ jf sf]if / ;fd|fHo kfpF5' . o:tf] k|j[lQ ePsf] JolQm /fhlif{ x'G5 . /fhlif{
s]xL gu/L ;a} s'/f k|fKt ub{5g\ / kfpgsf nflu s]xL ub}{gg\ . s]xL gug{' eGbf sl7g sfo{ s'g}
klg 5}g . /fhlif{ jt{dfgdf k"0f{ lj>fd / ;dk{0f efjn] afFRb5 .
; Pjfo+ dof t]˜B of]uM k|f]QmM k'/ftgM .
eQmf]˜l; d] ;vf r]lt /x:o+ Xo]tb'Qdd\ ..#..

nf]suLtf– 124
 cWofo–$
eujfg\ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ToxL k'/ftg of]u Pjd\ ljlzi6 1fg hf] cflbsfndf d}n] g} atfPsf]
lyPF . ;dosf] nfdf] cGt/fndf l5GgleGg ePsf] jf cb[Zo ePsf] ToxL /x:odo / pQd 1fg cfh
d}n] ltdLnfO{ eg]+ lsgeg]] ltdL d]/f lk|o eQm Pjd\ ldq klg xf} ..
hLjg Ct'x¿ h:t} kl/jt{g eO/xG5 . uf8Lsf] kfª\u|f h:t} Pp6f l:y/ g3'Dg] lsnfdf
c8]/ rSsf 3'ld/xG5 . cyf{t\ ;f/f kl/jt{g s'g} ckl/jt{gdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . b[Zo cb[Zodf, d[To'
cd[tdf, kbfy{ k/dfTdfdf Pjd\ 3'Dg]jfnf ;+;f/ g3'Dg] ckl/jt{gzLn ;+;f/df lge{/ x'G5 . ;f/f
s'/f ljk/Ltdf lge{/ x'G5 . To;}n] hf] b]lvG5, To;df dfq sf]xL /f]lsof] eg] pm /x:oaf6 jl~rt
x'G5 . b[Zodf hf] cb[ZonfO{ vf]Hg ;S5 pm /x:o;Fu kl/lrt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ToxL k'/ftg
of]u ;To xf] hf] ;bfaf6 rlncfPsf] 5 . of] ToxL ;To xf] hf] Clifx¿n] hfg] . hf] ltdLnfO{ d k'gM
eG5' . d ltdLnfO{ ToxL eG5' hf] ;bfb]lv 5 . ;Todf cfˆgftkm{af6 s]xL hf]8\g klg ;lsFb}g /
gofF klg agfpg ;lsFb}g . ;TonfO{ ls t xfdL hfGg ;S5f}+“ of t ghfGg] lh2L u/]/ c1fgtfdf
/xG5f}+“ . xfdLn] hfg] jf ghfg] klg ;To ablnFb}g . xfdL eg] cjZo ablnG5f“}+ . c;To xfd|f]
cfljisf/ xf] t/ ;To c6n 5 hf] slxn] klg ablnFb}g . s[i0f x'Fbf klg ;To lyof] / s[i0f gx'Fbf
klg ;To /xG5 .
;To lgTo 5 / oxL lgTo ;Toaf/] >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– d k'gM ltdLnfO{ eG5'
lsgeg]] ltdL d]/f lk|o ;vf / eQm xf} . s[i0f ;To klg ldq, eQm / ;vfnfO{ dfq atfpg'x'G5,
cGoyf s]xL atfpg'x'Gg h:tf] nfU5 / aflx/af6 em§ x]bf{ s[i0f klg kIfkftL b]lvg'x'G5 . jf:tjdf
>Ls[i0fn] o;f] eGg' k5fl8sf] sf/0f olb ;To ldq, ;vf jf eQm eg]/ atfOPg eg] p;n] ;TonfO{
a'‰g] r]i6f g} ub}{g . o;sf] tfTko{ s[i0fn] eg]sf s'/fnfO{ Wofg b]cf];\ eg]/ s[i0fn] of] ljZn]if0f
hf]8\g'ePsf] xf] . ;TonfO{ hfGg] / a'‰g] tof/L d}qL efjdf ;Dej x'G5 . s[i0fn] t zq'nfO{ klg
atfpg'x'G5 t/ p;n] o;nfO{ Wofg glbg klg ;S5 . ;"o{nfO{ x]g{ cfFvf t vf]Ng'k5{ . ;To hfGgsf
nflu u|x0fzLntfsf] efj cfjZos x'G5 lsgeg]] ;To cgGt Pjd\ ;"Id 5 . ;To hfGgsf nflu
JolQmsf ;a} åf/ v'Nnf x'g'k5{ / e/f];f / >4f cfjZos x'G5 . of] geP ;TonfO{ a'‰g ;lsFb}g .
;To ;bf lgTo, lr/:yfoL / ;gftg 5 . To;}n] ch{'gn] s[i0fsf] s'/f v'Nnf ¿kdf >4fk"j{s ;'g"g\
eg]/ g} >Ls[i0fn] æltdL d]/f lk|o ;vf xf}, To;}n] d ltdLnfO{ km]l/ ;To s'/f eG5'Æ eGg'ePsf] xf] .
xfdLnfO{ lg/Gt/ ofb lbnfOPg eg] xfdL sltko s'/fx¿sf] ofb;Dd ub}{gf}F lsgeg]] xfdL
ulx/f] lj:d/0fsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf 5f}+“ . xfd|f] :d[lt clt bLg 5 / xfd|f] ljj]s cToGt ?U0f 5 . xfdL
ldq, lk|o, cfkmGt ;a}nfO{ e'N5f“}+, c¿nfO{ e'Ng t sl7g 5}g t/ xfdL t cfkm"nfO{ klg e'N5f“}+ /
sl/a sl/a a]xf];Lsf] cj:yfdf x/kn /xG5f“}+ . Psk|sf/n] xfdL ;b}j lg›fdf /xG5f}+“ . qmf]w
ul/;s]kl5 xfdLnfO{ aNn yfxf x'G5, ta;Dd l9nf eO;s]sf] x'G5 sf/0f qmf]w kmsf{pg jf zfGt
ug{ klg ;lsFb}g . ch{'g ;TonfO{ lgs6af6 Åbo vf]n]/ ;'g"g\ / a'em"g\ eg]/ s[i0f k|of; ug{'x'G5 .
olb cfTdLo efj xfdLdf ;[hgf eof] eg] xfd|f] r]tgfsf] tn g} ablnG5 . ;Tosf] bz{g t r]tgfsf]
lzv/af6 dfq x'g ;S5 . s[i0fsf s'/f ch{'gn] cfˆgf] :t/af6 t a'‰g ;Sb}gg\ . o;sf nflu
s[i0fsf] k|of; pgnfO{ r]tgfsf] dflyNnf] :t/df k'¥ofpg' g} xf] . s[i0fn] ldqsf] ;Daf]wg ug'{ ch{'g
s[i0fsf] :t/df cfP/ ;TonfO{ hfGg ;s"g\ eg]/ xf] .
of] rrf{ lzv/ / vf8nsf lar eO/x]sf] 5 / oyfy{df ch'{g g8/fpmg\ eg]/ >Ls[i0f ;a}
k|sf/sf e/f];f lbnfpg] k|of; ug{'x'G5 . s[i0f ch{'gsf] åf/ v'nfpg x/k|of; ug{'x'G5 / ch{'gnfO{
cfˆgf] r]tgf;Fu tfbfTDo u/fpg] k|of; ug{'x'G5 . ha ch{'g s[i0fsf] tn\ jf glhs k'U5g\, ta

nf]suLtf– 125
cWofo–$
dxfjfSo af]Ng'x'G5 . To;eGbf cl3 ljleGg tl/sfaf6 pgnfO{ tof/ kfg]{ k|of; ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .
s[i0fnfO{ h:tf] ;To l;sfpg'kg]{ r'gf}tL c¿ dxfk'?ifx¿nfO{ slxNo} cfPg lsgeg]] o'4sf] d}bfgdf
hxfF ;Í6sf] If0f 5, ToxfF l;sfpg' r'gf}tLk"0f{ / ;jf{lws sl7g sfo{ xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f w]/}k6s
ch{'gnfO{ cfˆgf] lgs6 Nofpg] r]i6f ug{'x'G5 tfls pgnfO{ cfZj:t kfg{ ;lsof];\ . uLtfdf w]/} sd
dxfjfSo 5g\, afFsL ;a} ltg}sf lj:tf/ dfq x'g\ .
ch{'g pjfr
ck/+ ejtf] hGd k/+ hGd ljj:jtM .
syd]tlåhfgLof+ Tjdfbf} k|f]Qmjflglt ..$..
ch{'gn] eg]– x] eujg\ Û xh'/sf] hGd clxn] ePsf] 5 / ;"o{b]jsf] hGd klxNo} ePsf] lyof] .
o;y{ xh'/n] g} ;"o{b]jnfO{ of] lj1fg klxn] g} atfpg' ePsf] lyof] eGg] s'/fnfO{ d s;/L a'em"F ..
>Ls[i0fn] ;[li6sf] k"j{;GWofdf d}n] ;"o{nfO{ oxL s'/f eg]sf] lyPF eGg'ePsf] lyof] . To;}n]
ch{'gsf] dgdf k|Zg p7\g' l7s} xf] . s[i0f t ev{/} hlGdg'ePsf] xf] / s;/L pxfFn] ;"o{nfO{ eGg'eof]
xf]nf eg]/ ch{'gn] s[i0f;Fu o:tf] lh1f;f /fVg' klg :jfefljs xf] . >Ls[i0f rfxg'x'G5– ch{'g 5nfª
dfb}{ lzv/df k'u"g\ t/ ch{'g k'gM cfˆg} tn\df cfP/ g} k|Zg u5{g\ . ch{'g cem ;lGbUw x'Fb} k|Zg
u5{g\ . ch{'g s[i0f;Fu xh'/n] ;"o{nfO{ s'g ;To eGg'ePsf] lyof] eGg] k|Zg p7fpFb}gg\ . pgL nfvf}“
s/f]8f}+“ jif{ k'/fgf ;"o{nfO{ xh'/ hf] ev{/} hlGdg'ePsf] 5 To:tf] JolQmn] s;/L eGg'eof] eg]/
;f]Wb5g\ . ch{'gsf] k|Zg k|]dk"0f{ 5}g lsgeg]] k|]ddf k|Zg/lxt e/f];f x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fnfO{ klg yfxf 5– pgsf] Tof] z/L/ t ev{/} hlGdPsf] xf] . ch{'gn] ;f]w]kl5 dfq
yfxf ePsf] xf]Og t/ ch{'gn] s[i0fsf] leqL tŒjnfO{ hfGg] s'g} k|of; u/]sf] kfOFb}g . >Ls[i0f h'g
z/L/sf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 Tof] ch{'gsf cufl8 pkl:yt eP/ af]n]sf] z/L/ xf]Og . of] t Tof]
cfTdfsf af/]df eGg'ePsf] xf] h;n] j:qsf] efFtL s}of}+“ z/L/ wf/0f ul/;s]sf] / 5f]l8;s]sf] 5 .
>Ls[i0f To; cfTdfsf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 hf] k/dfTdf;Fu d"ntM Psfsf/ 5 / Tof] cfTdf ;"o{eGbf
klxn] klg lyof] / ;"o{ ;dfKt ePkl5 klg /xg] 5 . hxfF;Dd z/L/sf] k|Zg 5 Tof] ;"o{n] xfdL
h:tf nfvf}+“ z/L/nfO{ c:t u/fP/ klg k|sflzt ul//xG5 t/ hxfF cfTdfsf] k|Zg 5 cfTdfn] o:tf
nfvf}+ ;"o{nfO{ ;dfKt kf/]/ klg /lx/xG5 / Tof] tŒj slxn] klg lgEb}g . t/ To;af/] ch{'gnfO{ s'g}
af]w g} 5}g . To;}n] pgL z/L/sf] txsf] g} k|Zg p7fpF5g\ . pgsf] k|Zg >Ls[i0fsf] txaf6 x]bf{
d"v{tfk"0f{ nfU5 .
>L eujfg'jfr
ax"lg d] JotLtflg hGdflg tj rfh{'g .
tfGox+ j]b ;jf{l0f g Tj+ j]Ty k/Gtk ..%..
eujfg\ eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û d]/f / ltd|f w]/} w]/} hGdx¿ eO;s]sf 5g\ . tL ;a} hGdsf af/]
d /fd|/L hfGb5' t/ ltdL hfGb}gf} ..
x] k/Gtk Û ltd|f] / d]/f] cg]s hGd eO;s]sf] 5, ltdL To;nfO{ hfGb}gf} t/ d hfGb5' .
ch{'gnfO{ yfxf gePsf] w]/} s'/f x'g ;S5 t/ JolQmx¿nfO{ eg] h'g xfdL cfkm" hfGb}gf}+, Tof] x'Fb}g
eGg] nfU5 . >Ls[i0f a8f] ;/ntfk"j{s eGg'x'G5– h] ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g Tof] dnfO{ yfxf 5 . pxfF
olt k|fdfl0fstfsf ;fy eGg'x'G5≤ pxfFsf] jrg k"/f ;To k|tLt x'G5 . >Ls[i0fh:tf JolQmsf] jrg
bfz{lgssf] h:tf] jrg xf]Og hf] olb o:tf] eP jf olb p:tf] eP eg]/ hf]8]/ eGg ;lsG5 .
>Ls[i0fsf] jrg ;To / k/d x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 126
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xfd|f k|frLg pklgifb\x¿sf] ha cg'jfb eof] ta klZrdsf JolQmx¿ a8f] ;d:ofdf k/] .
pklgifb\df Clifx¿sf] …a|Xd 5Ú eGg] ;/n jQmJo 5 . klZrdsf bfz{lgsx¿nfO{ olb o:tf] ePdf
jf p:tf] ePdf k/dfTdf x'G5 eGg] ;'Gg] u/]sfn] pgLx¿nfO{ pklgifb\sf] jQmJo crDdsf] nfUof]
h:fdf s'g} bnLn / k|df0f geP/ l;wf jQmJo 5 . klZrddf o:tf] x'gfsf] sf/0f ToxfF Clifx¿ w]/}
sd k}bf eP/ xf] . bfz{lgsx¿n] ts{af6 eGb} cfPsf] x'Fbf pgLx¿nfO{ o:tf] l;wf jQmJonfO{ dfGg
jf :jLsf/ ug{ sl7g ePsf] xf] . ax; / ts{n] cg'ejljgfsf] Pp6f lgisif{ lgsfN5, t/ wd{n]
cg'ejaf6 lgisif{ lgsfN5 . pklgifb\sf Clifx¿n] cfˆgf] cg'ejsf cfwf/df o:tf jQmJo lbPsf
x'g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ha d}n] ltdLnfO{ of] k/dlj1fg ;[li6sf] k|f/Dedf ;"o{nfO{ eg]sf] lyPF
eg]+“ Tof] c¿ g} hGdsf] s'/f xf], of] o; hGdsf] s'/f xf]Og . >Ls[i0fsf ;dodf 1fg cfˆgf]
cg'ejsf] cfwf/df lyof], t;y{ ;fx;L lyof] . cfhsf] 1fg pgfG;o k|ltzt cfˆgf] cg'ejsf] 1fg
xf]Og . c¿af6 ;'g]sf] jf hfg]sf] cfwf/sf] 1fg xf], To;}n] of] ;fx;L 5}g . h;n] zf:qaf6 1fg
l;Sof] Tof] sfuhsf] 8'Ëfdf ofqf ug{' h:t} xf] . cfh c1fg a8f] ;fx;L 5 . c1fg olt ;fx;L t
slxn] klg lyPg . rf?jfs\nfO{ O{Zj/ 5}g eGgsf nflu klg xhf/f}+“ k|df0fx¿ k]; ug{' kb{Yof] To;
pk/fGt dfq Pp6f lgiklQ cfpFYof] . cfh gfl:tsn] ;lhn};Fu ljgf blnn cfTdf / O{Zj/ 5}g
eg]/ eGg ;S5g\ .
>Ls[i0f s'g} k|df0f lbg'x'Gg / ;xh ¿kdf eGg'x'G5– ch{'g ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g t/ dnfO{
yfxf 5 . ch{'g k|df0f dflu/x]sf 5g\ / s[i0f s'g} k|df0f lbg'x'Gg . ch{'gsf] ;f/f b[li6sf]0f
z/L/s]lG›t 5 . pgL eG5g\– oL d]/f lk|ohg dg]{ 5g\ t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 logLx¿ sf]xL klg
db}{gg\ . logLx¿ klxn] klg lyP / ef]ln klg x'g] 5g\ . ch{'gsf] k|Zg z/L/;Fu ;DalGwt 5, hf]
af/Daf/ cg]s ¿kdf cfpF5 . >Ls[i0fn] d[To'sf] ;DaGwdf olt u'Xo s'/f atfO;Sg' ePkl5 ch{'g
km]l/ To:t} z/L/;Fu ;DalGwt k|Zg ;f]W5g\ . xh'/sf] hGd t ev{/ ePsf] xf]≤ ;"o{ t cgflb
sfnb]lv x'g'x'G5 . o;y{ xh'/n] klxn] ;"o{nfO{ s;/L eGg'eof] . >Ls[i0f k|df0f lbg t ;Sg'x'GYof] t/
l;wf pQ/ lbg'x'G5– xfd|f cg]s cg]s hGdsf af/]df …dÚ /fd|f];Fu hfGb5' t/ ltdL hfGb}gf}, cg'ej
ePsf] JolQmn] jQmJo klxn] lbP/ k|df0f kl5 dfq lbG5 t/ cg'ej gePsf] JolQmn] eg] k|df0f
klxn] lbP/ cfk"m hfGb5' h:tf] b]vfpg vf]H5 . s[i0fsf] egfO cg';f/ Pp6f cGwfnfO{ cfFvf ePsf]
JolQmn] ;"o{sf ;DaGwdf ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g, t/ d ;"o{nfO{ b]V5' / dnfO{ yfxf 5 eg] h:t} xf] .
chf]˜lk ;GgJoofTdf e"tfgfdLZj/f]˜lk ;g\ .
k|s[lt+ :jfdlwi7fo ;DejfDofTddfoof ..^..
d chGdf, cljgfzL x'F / ;Dk"0f{ a|Xdf08df l:yt k|f0fLx¿sf] O{Zj/ klg x'F t/ klg k|s[ltnfO{
cwLgdf /fv]/ cfˆg} of]udfofsf dfWodaf6 lbJo ¿kdf cjtl/t x'G5' ..
>Ls[i0fn] o; Znf]sdf r]tgf kbfy{df s;/L k|s6 x'G5, k/dfTdf s;/L k|s[ltdf cfljef{j
x'G5, cb[Zo s;/L z/L/x¿nfO{ u|x0f u5{, cnf}lss s;/L nf}lss aG5 / c1ft s;/L 1ft aG5
eGg] af/]df atfpg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d c¿ h:t} hGd]sf] xf]Og . o;sf] dtna …dÚ eujfg\
x'F eGg vf]lhPsf] xf] egL ts{ ug]{ JolQmx¿ w]/} 5g\ . d cjtf/ x'F eg]/ s[i0fn] eGg rfx]sf] egL
ts{ ub{5g\ . t/ >Ls[i0f oxfF eGg'x'G5– oxfF hGdg t sf]xL klg hlGdFb}gg\ t/ c¿x¿ hlGdG5f}+
eGg] 7fGb5g\ . ha;Dd hlGdG5g\ eGg] dfGb5g\ ta;Dd d[To'df k|fKt x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] dfGotf g}
pgLx¿sf] ;Ldf xf] . oxfF >Ls[i0f d c¿h:t} hGd]sf] xf]Og“ eGg'x'G5 . pxfFsf] egfOsf] k|of]hg hf]

nf]suLtf– 127
cWofo–$
c¿ hfGb}gg\ Tof] d /fd|f];Fu hfGb5' eGg] xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d chGdf x'F, d]/f] slxn] klg hGd
ePsf] 5}g . hlt k|of; u/] klg xfdL dg]{ 5f} eGg] sNkgf;Dd klg leq cfpFb}g . hlGdPsf ;a}
JolQmx¿ d/]sf] b]Vbf klg Ps lbg d klg dg]{ 5' eGg] ljrf/ xfdLdf cfpFb}g . leq d[To'sf af/]df
s'g} ;DaGw g} hf]l8Fb}g lsgeg] leqsf] tŒj d/0fwdf{ xf]Og chGdf xf] . c;ndf hf] hGdG5, ToxL
db{5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d chGdf / c1ft x'F≤ To;}n] cd/0fzLn klg x'F . c¿ t hGdG5' /
d[To'df k|fKt x'G5' eg]/ dfGb5g\ t/ d c¿h:tf] xf]Og lsgeg] …dÚ s] hfGb5' eg] d chGdf x'F /
c¿n] klg h'g lbg xfdL chGdf xf} egL hfGg] 5g\ To; lbg pgLx¿ klg d h:t} x'g] 5g\ . s[i0f
h'g chGdf …dÚ sf af/]df eGb} x'g'x'G5 Tof] …dÚ k/d k/dfTdfsf] xf] . cfTdfsf] s'g} hGd 5}g t/
klg z/L/df plqg' eg]sf] of]udfofåf/f k|s6 x'Gf' xf] . of]udfofsf] cy{ olb cfTdfn] rfx]df jf
cfsfª\Iff u/]df s'g} klg z/L/df k|j]z ug{ ;S5 eGg] xf] . cfTdfn] cfsfª\Iff u/]df s'g} klg
z/L/;Fu ;+o'Qm x'g ;S5 . of] ;ÍNkaf6 g} x'G5 . k/dfTdf :jod\ cfkm"nfO{ ;Ddf]xg u/]/ dfq
hldgdf plqg ;S5 . ;Ddf]xgdf leq xfd|f] r]tgfn] h] dfUof] ToxL 3l6t x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ k/dfTdf cfˆgf] of]udfofn] z/L/df plqG5' . of] k|s[of t ;bf
;Ddf]xgaf6 g} x'G5 t/ olb sf]xL hfg]/ ;r]t z/L/df plqof] eg] Tof] JolQm cjtf/ k'?ifsf] ¿kdf
lrlgG5 . olb ghfg]/ z/L/df sf]xL plqof] eg] Tof] ;fwf/0f JolQm x'G5 . ;Ddf]xgn] b'j}df sfd
u5{ / Pp6f l:yltdf JolQm k|s[lt;Fu ;Ddf]lxt x'G5 / csf]{ l:ylt hf] cjtf/ k'?ifsf] x'G5 pm
:jod\ ;Ddf]xg eP/ z/L/df plqG5 . ToxfF k|s[ltn] s'g} ;Ddf]xg ug{ ;Sb}g . ;fwf/0ftof xfd|f]
hGd OR5fx¿sf] ;Ddf]xgdf x'G5 . xfdL dbf{ xhf/f“}+ OR5fn] xfdLnfO{ kqm]sf] x'G5 h'g k"/f x'g
kfpFb}gg\ . ltg} sfdgfn] xfd|f] dg k|f0fdf cfˆgf] 3/ agfP/ a;]sf] x'G5 / dgn] k|f0fnfO{ c¿ z/L/
dfu eG5 . zL3| z/L/ n]pm lsgeg]] xfdL ct[Kt 5f“}+, xfdLnfO{ t[lKt rflxof] eg]/ dfu u5{ . dg]{
a]nfsf] clGtd ljrf/ hGdsf] klxnf] ljrf/ x'G5, lardf lg›fsf] s]xL If0f x'G5 / Tof] OR5fn]
xfdLnfO{ ;Ddf]lxt u/]/ csf]{ hGd u/fpF5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d c¿h:tf] xf]Og . o;sf] cy{ c¿x¿ ;a} OR5f, jf;gfdf ;Ddf]lxt
eP/ z/L/df k|j]z u/]sf x'g,\ pgLx¿nfO{ s]xL klg yfxf 5}g . pgLx¿ hgfj/sf] 3fF6Ldf afFlwPsf]
l;qmLh:t} OR5faf6 afFlwPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿ OR5fsf] kf;f]df afFlwPsf kz'sf efFtL 5g\ . a]xf];,
d"l5{t cj:yfdf g} gofF hGddf k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ g d/0fsf] g t gofF hGdsf] g} s'g}
;Demgf 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ s]jn cGwf] OR5fsf] dfq ;Demgf 5 / pgLx¿ z/L/ k|fKt ug]{lalQs} lTfg}
OR5fx¿nfO{ k"/f ug{df nfU5g\ . hGd–hGdfGt/sf] OR5f hf] k"/f x'g ;s]sf] lyPg To;}nfO{ pgLx¿
k"/f ug{ nfU5g\ . s[i0f hfg]/ g} hlGdg' ePsf] xf], s'g} OR5fsf sf/0f hlGdg'ePsf] xf]Og . s[i0f
h:tf JolQm h;df OR5f cGt eO;s]sf] 5, To:tf JolQmdf s?0ffsf] hGd x'G5 . s[i0f h:tf
JolQm s?0ffsf] sf/0f h] pxfF;+“u 5 To;nfO{ afF8\gsf nflu hGd lnG5g\ . To;}n] pxfFsf] xf];k"0f{ /
r]tg hGd x'G5 / pxfFsf] d[To' klg xf];df hfg]/ x'G5 . hf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] hGd / d[To'sf]
hfgsf/L x'G5 p;n] cfˆgf] ;d:t hGdsf af/]df klg hfGb5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdLnfO{
cl3Nnf] hGdsf af/]df yfxf 5}g t/ dnfO{ yfxf 5 / d c¿x¿ h:t} d"l5{t ¿kdf xf]Og, ;r]i6
¿kdf cfˆg} of]udfofn] cfkm"nfO{ g} hGdfpg] zlQmsf] k|of]u u/]/ z/L/df pkl:yt ePsf] 5' .
>Ls[i0f Pp6f u'Xo lj1fgsf af/]df atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 128
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obf obf lx wd{:o Unflge{jlt ef/t .
cEo'Tyfgdwd{:o tbfTdfg+ ;[hfDoxd\ ..&..
x] ef/t Û ha ha wd{ Pjd\ ;fdflhs sd{–st{Josf] xflg / cwd{ Pjd\ c;fdflhs
lqmofsnfksf] j[l4 x'G5, ta ta d cfkm"nfO{ ;fsf/ ¿kdf dg''io;fd'' k|s6 u5{' ..
kl/qf0ffo ;fw"gf+ ljgfzfo r b'is[tfd\ .
wd{;+:yfkgfyf{o ;Dejfld o'u] o'u] ..*..
;fw' ;Gt dxfk'?ifx¿sf] /Iff / b'i6 Pjd\ c;fdflhs tŒjx¿sf] ljgfzsf nflu / wd{ tyf
;fdflhs dof{bfsf] k'gM :yfkg ug{sf nflu d x/]s o'udf k|s6 x'G5' ..
>Ls[i0f h:tf] JolQm jf;gfn] xf]Og s?0ffn] hlGdg' x'G5 . jf;gf cfˆgf nflu x'G5 eg]
s?0ff c¿sf nflu x'G5 . jf;gf cxª\sf/s]lG›t x'G5 t/ s?0ff cxª\sf/ ljs]lG›t x'G5 . km"nn]
cfˆgf] jf;gf rf/}tkm{ km}nfPh:t} s?0ff klg Pp6f km}nfj6 xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ha ha wd{
gi6 x'G5, ta wd{sf] ;+:yfkgfsf nflu d o'uo'udf k|s6 x'G5' . ha cwd{sf] k|efj a9\5, ta
cwd{nfO{ x6fpgsf nflu d k|s6 x'G5' . s[i0fsf] …dÚ df ljleGg cjtf/x¿ a'4, dxfjL/, lh;;,
df]xDdb cflb ;a} ;dflji6 5g\ . of] …dÚ JolQmjfbL xf]Og, pxfF eGg'x'G5– wd{sf] :yfkgfsf nflu /
cwd{sf] gfz ug{sf nflu hf] sf]xL cfP klg …dÚ g} cfpF5' . olb cGwsf/af6 k|sfzsf] cg'e"lt
u/fpg sf]xL cfpF5 eg] Tof] …dÚ g} cfPsf] x'G5' . of] …dÚ k/d r]tgf;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . ha s[i0f
h:tf] JolQm jf;gfz"Go x'G5 ta pm s?0ffsf sf/0f km]l/ cfpg ;S5 . o'uo'udf ha s'g} s?0ffsf]
h?/t x'G5, k/dfTdfsf] ¿ksf] s'g} JolQm kmls{P/ cfpF5 t/ To; JolQmsf] s'g} gfd x'Fb}g lsgeg]]
ha;Dd jf;gf x'G5, ta;Dd dfq gfd x'G5 .
df]xDdbn] eg]sf 5g\– deGbf cufl8 klg k/dfTdfn] k7fPsf JolQmx¿ cfPsf 5g\ / d
klg ToxL cw'/f] sd{ ug{ cfPsf] 5' . ha lh;;sf] hGd eof], ta ;f/f b'lgofFaf6 a'l4dfg\
JolQmx¿ k[YjLdf s?0ffn] Ps csf]{ JolQmsf] hGd ePsf] yfxf kfP/ lh;;sf] ufpFdf xhf/f}F
dfOnsf] ofqf u/]/ k'u] . ha a'4sf] hGd eof], To;a]nf lxdfnoaf6 Ps hgf dxfof]uL cl;td'lg
a'4sf] bz{g ug{ cfpg'eof] . a'4sf lktfn] cl;td'lgsf r/0fdf a'4nfO{ /fv]/ cfzLjf{b dfUg'eof]
t/ cl;td'lg ?g yfNg'eof] / eGg'eof]– d]/f] ?g] sf/0f cs}{ 5 . o:tf] JolQmsf] k'gh{Gd ePsf] 5
h;df s'g} jf;gf 5}g . hf] s?0ffn] cfPsf] 5 p;sf] r/0fdf a:gaf6 d jl~rt x'g] 5' lsgeg]]
d]/f] t hfg] a]nf eO;Sof] . d t cfˆg} b'ef{Uosf nflu /f]O/x]sf] 5' . To;}n] clxn] g} b08jt\ u5{' .
ha cwd{ a9\5, wd{sf] gfz x'g yfN5, To;sf] /Iffsf nflu hf] hGd] klg Tof] >Ls[i0f g} x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f s'g} JolQm xf]Og Tof] s?0ffaf6 cfPsf] k|sfz Pjd\ k/dfTdf:j¿k xf] .
k[YjLdf o:tf] s?0ffsf] cfjZostf ;bf 5 lsgeg]] k[YjL cGwsf/ / cwd{n] el/Psf] 5 .
t;y{ oxfF kljq cfTdf s?0ffn] kmls{g' g} k5{ . >Ls[i0f c;fw' / b'i6sf] ljgfzsf nflu / ;fw'sf]
p4f/sf nflu d}n] hGd lnPsf] eGg'x'G5 . b'i6sf] ljgfzsf nflusf] cy{ b'i6nfO{ xTof ug{sf nflu
xf]Og≤ b'i6nfO{ b'i6tfaf6 d'lQm k|bfg u/L b'i6tfsf] gfz ug{sf nflu xf] . b'i6efj x6]df b'i6tfsf]
ljgfz x'G5 . ;fw'sf] p4f/sf nflusf] cy{ h'g o'udf b'i6 x'G5g\, ToxfF ;fw' klg ;fw' x'Fb}gg\ .
;fw'n] cfˆgf] /Iff klg ug{ ;s]g eg] Tof] ;fw'sf] s'g} cy{ x''Fb}g . b'i6tfn] el/Psf] o'udf ;fw'x¿
kfv08L x'G5g\ . ;fw'sf] p4f/sf] cy{ kfv08af6 p4f/ ug'{ xf] . b'i6tfsf] ljgfz x'g ;S5 t/
kfv08 hf] s]jn 9f]+u xf] To;af6 p4f/ dfq ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fw' olb ;fFRr} ;fw' ePdf p;n]
b'i6tfnfO{ :jtM gi6 u5{ . wd{sf] ljgfz ePsf] 7fpFdf ;fw' x'g ;Sb}g . wd{sf] ljgfz ;fw'

nf]suLtf– 129
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gePkl5 dfq x'G5 / ha wd{sf] ljgfz x'G5 ta cwd{sf] k|efj a9\5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf
>Ls[i0fh:tf] r]tgf ;fw'sf] p4f/ / b'i6sf] ljgfzsf nflu s?0ffn] k|s6 x'G5g\ .
hGd sd{ r d] lbJod]j+ of] j]lQ tŒjtM .
ToSTjf b]x+ k'gh{Gd g}lt dfd]lt ;f]˜h{'gM ..(..
x] ch{'g Û h;n] d]/f cnf}lss hGd / sd{sf af/]df /fd|/L hfGb5, To;n] of] z/L/ Tofu
u/]kl5 k'gM o; ;+;f/df ef}lts b]x k|fKt ub}{g, a? d]/} lbJowfd k|fKt u5{g\ . oyfy{df To:tf hLjx¿
d]/} :j¿kdf k|fKt x'G5g\ ..
hLjgdf k|To]s lrh cfˆgf] ljk/Lt;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . cFWof/f];Fu k|sfz / hGd;Fu d[To'
hf]l8Psf] 5 / h] xfd|f OlG›ox¿n] b]Vg ;S5g\ TfL nf}lss dfq 5g\ . xfd|f OlG›ox¿sf] hut\sf]
gfd nf]s xf] t/ OlG›on] b]Vg ;Sg] eGbf aflx/sf] hut\sf] gfd cnf}lss xf] . OlG›on] kqmg ;Sg]
eGbf aflx/ klg s]xL ;bf cl:tTjjfg\ x'G5 / Tof] cnf}lss ;bf nf]ssf ;fy hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . hf]
JolQm OlG›osf] txdf dfq afFRb5 To; JolQmnfO{ cnf}lsssf af/]df s]xL 1fg x'Fb}g . OlG›ox¿nfO{
g} ;a} xf] eGg] JolQm cnf}lss zlQmsf] a'emfOaf6 jl~rt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d]/f] of] hLjg
cnf}lss 5 . hLjg t ;a}sf] cnf}lss x'G5 . >Ls[i0f Tof] leqsf] tŒj hf] cnf}lss / ;"Id 5
To;nfO{ hfGg'x'G5 t/ xfdL Tof] cnf}lss tŒjnfO{ hfGb}gf}F . hGd / d[To' b'j} nf}lss x'G5g\ t/
To;leqsf] hLjgwf/f cnf}lss x'G5 . km"ndf ;f}Gbo{, lbof]df Hof]lt Pjd\ z/L/df hLjg ePh:tf]
x''G5 . z/L/df hLjg 5 t/ z/L/ hLjg xf]Og . km"ndf ;f}Gbo{ x'G5 t/ ;f}Gbo{ km"n xf]Og . lbof]df
Hof]lt 5 t/ Hof]lt lbof] xf]Og . >Ls[i0f h'g lbg s'g} JolQmn] cfkm"leqsf] cnf}lss hLjgnfO{
hfGg] 5 ta Tof] JolQm …dh:t}Ú x'g] 5 / …d;FuÚ Psfsf/ g} x'Gf] 5 eGg'x'G5 . of] hfGg] JolQmsf]
hLjg p:fsf] xf]Og k/dfTdfsf] g} x'G5 .
ha kfgLsf] yf]kfn] ;fu/;Fu ldl;P/ ;fu/ ePsf] hfGb5, ta yf]kf yf]kf /xFb}g ;fu/ g}
x'G5 . To:t} ha JolQmn] cfkm"leqsf] c;LdnfO{ hfGb5 To;} kn pm JolQm /xFb}g, c;Ld x'G5 .
To;}n] s[i0fn] hfg]/ g} cfk"mleq c;Ld ePsfn] cfˆgf] hLjg cnf}lss ePsf] eGg'ePsf] xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] Tof] cnf}lsssf] bz{g ug]{ 5 Tof] JolQmn] dnfO{ g} kfpg] 5 cyf{t\ …dÚ g}
x'g] 5 / d/]/ klg Tof] JolQmn] gofF hGd kfpg] 5}g a? …dÚ df g} pknAw x'g] 5 . xfdLn]
clxn];Dd ljB't\ b]v]sf 5}gf“}+, ljB't\sf] kl/0ffd dfq b]v]sf 5f} . xfdL h;af6 pks/0fx¿ rnfpF5f}+“
Tof] ljB't\ xf]Og ljB'Tf\sf] kl/0ffd xf] . olb xfdLn] aNa kmf]8\of}+“ eg] ljB't\ km'6\b}g ljB't\ k|s6 ug]{
pks/0f aNa dfq km'6\5≤ ljB''t\ t cb[Zo 5 . To:t} lah'nLaf6 em8\sf nfu]sf] cg'ej klg
ljB't\sf] kl/0ffd xf] ljB't\ xf]Og . o:t} xfdLn] hLjgnfO{ vf]Hof}+“ eg] xfdL kl/0ffd;Fu dfq kl/lrt
x'G5f“}+ . d"n sf/0f leq 5 hf];Fu xfdL cgle1 5f“}+ . j[If hf] b]lvG5 Tof] nf}lss / To;sf] h/f hf]
hldgd'lg /xG5 / b]lv“+b}g Tof] gb]lvg] tŒjsf] gfd cnf}lss xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]
cnf}lssnfO{ h;n] hfGb5 Tof] km]l/ z/L/df lkmtf{ x'Fb}g lsgeg]] pm lj/f6\ z/L/;Fu Psfsf/ x'G5 .
km]l/ p;nfO{ ;;fgf z/L/df hGd lng] cfjZostf x'Fb}g . To;}n] o:tf] JolQm …dÚ df g} ;dflxt
eP/ Ps x'G5 . cnf}lssnfO{ lrGg] JolQmsf] ;f/f cl:tTj g} cfˆgf] 3/ x'G5 clg p;nfO{ ;fgf 3/
agfO/xg cfjZos kb}{g . To;}n] of] ;TonfO{ hfGg] JolQmsf] hLjg d]/} h:tf] lbJo / cnf}lss
x'G5 .
lh;; klg s[i0f h:t} eGg'x'G5 t/ ga'‰g] JolQmn] pxfFnfO{ z"nLdf r9fP . To;a]nf pxfFn]
eGg'eof]– d / cfsfzdf a:g] k/dfTdf b'j} Ps} xf}+ t/ ga'‰g]x¿n] pxfFn] cfkm"nfO{ O{Zj/ 7fg]sf]

nf]suLtf– 130
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cf/f]k nufP . pgLx¿n] lh;;nfO{ lrGg ;s]gg\ . pxfFn] elg/xg'ePsf] lyof]– ca t …dÚ sxfF
afFsL 5', k/dfTdf g} …dÚdf k|j]z ul/;s]sf] 5 . ox'bL hut\df lh;; klxnf] JolQm x'g'x'GYof] h;n]
3f]if0ff ug{'eof] …dÚ / …k/dfTdfÚ Ps} xf}+“ . To;}n] pgLx¿n] o;nfO{ clt¿k dfg]/ pxfFnfO{ z"nLdf
r9fP . dG;'/nfO{ klg d';ndfgx¿n] s'/} ga'emL sf6]/ df/] . pxfFn] cgn xs …dÚ g} k/dfTdf x'F
eGg'eof] / d';ndfgx¿n] of] t HofbtL eof] eGg] 7fg]/ pxfFnfO{ d[To'b08 lbP . >Ls[i0fsf]
jrgnfO{ hfg]/ xf]Og kl/kfngf u/]/ xfdLn] pxfFnfO{ eujfg\sf] ¿k 7fg]/ k"hf u¥of“}+ . lh;;sf]
jrg klg oxL lyof] t/ To;sf] cfzo ga'em]/ pxfFnfO{ kmfF;Ldf r9fOof] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ
ltd|f] eljio x'F / ltdL ef]ln h] x'g ;S5f} Tof] …dÚ cfh eO;s]sf] 5' . t/ xfdLn] of] s'/f a'‰g
;s]gf}+ . xfdLnfO{ nfUof] s[i0f cfkm"nfO{ g} eujfg\ eGb} x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] ga'em] klg xfdL pxfFsf]
k"hf u5f}{+ . …dÚ aLhaf6 k|s6 eP/ j[If eO;s]sf] 5', h'g aLh ltdLdf klg 5 / olb ltdLn] Tof]
aLhsf af/]df hfGof} eg] ltdL klg …dÚ h:t} j[If x'g ;S5f} / ;TonfO{ hfGg] JolQmsf] hLjg
d]/}h:tf] lbJo / cnf}lss x'G5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 .
jLt/fueoqmf]wf dGdof dfd'kfl>tfM .
axjf] 1fgtk;f k"tf d∫fjdfutfM ..!)..
cf;lQm, eo / qmf]waf6 d'Qm ePsf, …dÚ df g} tNnLg ePsf, 1fg / tk:ofaf6 kljq
ePsf jLt/fuL d]/} :j¿kdf k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . oyfy{tM d]/f elQmdf tNnLg ltgLx¿ d]/} lbJowfddf
cfPsf 5g\ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– klxn] klg /fueGbf dfly p7]sf, qmf]waf6 d'Qm ePsf, df]xkfzaf6
aflxl/Psf, tk:ofaf6 kljq ePsf Pjd\ jLt/fu eP/ …dÚ df l:yt x'g] k'?if d]/f] z/L/df pknAw
eO;s]sf 5g\ . …jLt/fuÚ sf] cy{ j}/fUo xf]Og . j}/fUosf] cy{ /fusf] ljk/Lt ePsf] JolQm /
jLt/fusf] cy{ /fu / lj/fuaf6 kf/ jf d'Qm ePsf] JolQm eGg] xf] . /fusf] cy{ rfxgf xf], lj/fusf]
cy{ j:t'k|ltsf] pk]Iff xf] . jLt/fu g /fu g lj/fusf] t];|f] cj:yf xf] . oL b'j}af6 kf/ ePsf]
JolQm jLt/fuL x'G5 . wgdf cf;Qm / wgsf] Tofu ug]{ b'j}sf] s]G› wgk|ltsf] ks8 g} x'G5 .
jLt/fu Tof] cj:yf xf] h;n] g t wg ;dfTg vf]H5 g t 5f]8\g g} vf]H5 cyf{t\ h;sf nflu wgsf]
s'g} cy{ g} /xFb}g .
3/ 5f]8]/ hfgnfUg' ePsf ;dodf of1jNSon] cfˆgf b'j} kTgLx¿ ufuL{ / d}q]oLnfO{
af]nfP/ cfˆgf wg–;Dkbf cfwf cfwf afFl8lbg] jrg lbg'eof] . d ca ;a} Tofu u/]/ k|e'sf]
vf]hdf hfFb} 5'≤ To;}n] of] wg cfwfcfwf afF8]/ lng eGg'eof] . d}q]oL /fhL x'g'eof] t/ ufuL{n] Pp6f
k|Zg ;f]Wg'eof] . h'g wg tkfO+{sf nflu Joy{ eof] Tof] wgsf] af]em dnfO{ lsg af]sfpg'x'G5 . olb
wg Joy{ 5 eg] of] dnfO{ lbP/ lsg uf}/jflGjt x'g'x'G5 / olb wg ;fy{s 5 eg] 5f]8]/ sxfF
hfg'x'G5 . dnfO{ klg Tof] wgsf af/]df atfpg'xf];\ h;sf] vf]hdf tkfO{+ hfFb} x'g'x'G5 . of1jNSo
clxn] s]jn lj/fudf hfFb} x'g'x'GYof] t/ ufuL{n] pxfFnfO{ jLt/fusf cfofdlt/ pGd'v ul/lbg'eof] .
of1jNSosf] dg dl:tisn] wgnfO{ ;fy{s 7fg]sf sf/0fn] g} pxfF afF8\g pT;'s x'g'x'GYof] . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– hf] /fu / lj/fuaf6 kf/ x'G5 Tof] jLt/fusf] cj:yfdf k'U5 . cf;lQmsf] cltqmd0f jf
o;af6 kf/ x'g' lj/Qm x'g' xf]Og . jLt/fuL k'?if x/bd Ps /;df pknAw x'G5 . hf] jLt/fu,
jLtdo / jLtqmf]wdf pknAw x'G5, pm …dÚ df pknAw x'G5 / d]/f] :j¿knfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . jLt/fuL
k'?ifdf s'g} eo / nf]e z]if g/xgfn] p cfkm"df cfZj:t x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 131
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a'4sf Pshgf leIf'nfO{ jiff{sfndf Ps j]Zofn] cfkm";Fu rf/ dlxgf a:g] cfdGq0f lbOg\ .
pgL cToGt} ;'Gb/L / k|ltefzfnL lyOg\ . leIf'n] a'4;Fu cf1f lng] atfP . cGo leIf'x¿n] lj/f]w
u/] klg pgLdfly ePsf] k"0f{ ljZjf;n] a'4n] cf1f lbg'eof] . rf/ dlxgf pgn] j]Zof;Fu ;do
JotLt u/] . j]Zofn] ef]hg lbP vfGy], g[To u/] x]y]{, ufpFbf ;'Gby] . leIf'sf] s'g} k|Zg, k|z+;f,
lj/f]w, /;, lj/;, kIf, ljkIf / s'g} dfu g} lyPg s]jn t6:y, sDkg/lxt, cljrlnt ¿kdf leIf'
/x] . aflx/L s'g} tŒjn] pgnfO{ km/s kf/]s} lyPg . pgn] cf>ddf em} j]Zofu[xdf of] rf/ dlxgf
JotLt u/] . j]Zofn] leIf'nfO{ tkfO{+sf] s'g} k|Zg klg 5}g / kIf jf ljkIfdf klg af]Ng'x'Gg eg]/
cGtdf yfs]/ ;f]]lwg\ . leIf'n] d ækIfdf klg 5}g“, ljkIfdf klg 5}g“ d t lgikIf 5', ltdL cfˆgf]
sfd u/ d cfˆgf] u5{'Æ eg]/ pQ/ lbP . leIf'sf] zfGt, csDk / cfgGbsf] cj:yf b]v]/ leIf'
cf>d kmls{bf pgL klg ToxL vf]Hg ;Fu} kmls{Og\ . To;kl5 a'4n] cGo leIf'x¿nfO{ tL leIf'
jLt/fuL ePsf sf/0f lht]/ cfP t/ ltdLx¿ ePsf] eP cfpg] lyPgf} lsgeg] ltdLx¿ lj/fuL xf}
eGg''eof] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– jLt/fuL g} d]/f] z/L/df pknAw x'g] 5 . of] a|Xdf08 k/dfTdfsf] z/L/ xf]
/ of] ;f/f b[Zo gIfq, h"g, tf/f, ;"o{ / ;Dk"0f{ ;[li6sf] lj:tf/ g} k/dfTdfsf] :j¿k xf] . a|Xdsf]
cy{ cgGt 5 h;sf] lj:tf/sf] s'g} cGt g} 5}g . jLt/fuL k/dfTdfsf] z/L/df l:yt x'g] 5
lsgeg]] JolQm cfTdfdf t pknAw g} 5 . cfTdfdf t JolQm clxn] klg pknAw 5 t/ pm cfˆgf]
z/L/df cfkm"nfO{ aGb dflg/x]sf] 5, hf] p;sf] e"n xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f cfTdfsf] s'/f g} ug{'x'Gg,
s]jn xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] z/L/ xf] eGg] ljZjf; x6fpg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . cfTdf t xfd|f] c1fgsf] If0fdf
klg xfd|f] lx:;f g} 5 t/ xfd|f] e|flGt zf/Ll/s ;Ldfdf 5 / of] e|flGt 6'6]df xfdL >Ls[i0fsf] z/L/
cyf{t\ a|Xdf08sf] lx:;f x'g] 5f}+ . o;}nfO{ >Ls[i0fn] d]/f] z/L/df pknAw x'g] 5g\ eGg'ePsf] xf] .
z/L/ cfTdfsf] cfj/0f xf] . xfdLnfO{ d]/f] z/L/ eGg] nfUgfsf] sf/0f /fu / lj/fu xf] . /fu
/ lj/fu b'j} 5'6]df d]/f] z/L/ eGg] nfUb}g, ta ;a}sf] z/L/ d]/f] x'G5 . rG›df / tf/fx¿ ;a} d]/f]
z/L/leq x'G5g\ . /fu / lj/fuaf6 d'Qm x'g]lalQs} JolQm a|Xdsf] z/L/nfO{ pknAw x'G5 . d]/f] eGg]
efj g} z/L/ xf] . xfdL z/L/nfO{ x8\8L, df;' / 5fnfsf] ;Ldfleq dfGb5f}+ . xfjfljgf xfd|f] z/L/
Psl5g klg rNg ;Sb}g . To;}n] Ps cy{df xfjf klg xfd|f] z/L/sf] kq xf] . xfd|f] gfs dfq Zjf;
lnO/x]sf] 5}g z/L/sf nfvf}“ /f}+“ klg Zjf; lnO/x]sf 5g\ . olb xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ Knfl:6sn] a]/]/ xfjf
l5g{ glbO{ aGb u¥of] eg] hlt;'s} gfsaf6 Zjf; lnP klg xfdL !) ldg]6 eGbf a9L afFRg ;Sb}gf“}+
lsgeg]] k"/f z/L/n] g} Zjf; lnO/x]sf] x'G5 . rf/}lt/ ePsf] xfjfsf] kq klg xfd|f] z/L/sf] lx:;f
xf] . @)) dfOn;Dd k[YjLdf xfjfsf] kq jf lemNnL x'G5 / Tof] xfjfsf] kq klg ;"o{sf] ls/0f ljgf
afFRg ;Sb}g . clg !) s/f]8 dfOn;Dd ;"o{sf] ls/0fsf] hfn 5 Tof] klg xfd|f] z/L/sf] lx:;f xf]
h'gljgf xfdL afFRg ;Sb}gf“}+ . ;"o{ hf] !) s/f]8 dfOn k/ 5 To;sf] udL{ klg xfd|f] z/L/sf] kq
x'G5 . xfdL ;"o{sf] udL{leq ;d]l6Psf 5f}+ / ;"o{ klg olb dxf;"o{af6 lbg/ft zlQm gkfpg] xf] eg]
afFRg ;Sb}g . xfdLn] b]Vg] ;"o{ Psbd ;fgf] 5 . x'g t k[YjLeGbf ^) xhf/ u'0ff 7'nf] 5 t/ c¿
;"o{x¿sf] t'ngfdf ;fgf] 5 . /ftL b]lvg] tf/fx¿ dxf;"o{ x'g\ / xfd|f] ;"o{ $ c/a dxf;"o{x¿sf]
lardf Pp6f ;fgf] ;"o{ dfq xf] . ;"o{df lbg/ft pmhf{ k|bfg ug]{ tf/fx¿ klg xfd|f z/L/ x'g\ . xfd|f]
z/L/ hxfF a|Xdf08 ;dfKt x'G5 ToxfF dfq ;dfKt x'G5 . Pp6f ;fgf] eGbf ;fgf] km"n km'Ng klg
;f/f a|Xdf08 ;xof]uL x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 132
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>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] jLt/fuL x'G5 pm …d]/f] / t]/f]Ú efjaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . cfsif{0f /
ljsif{0faf6 hf] kf/ x'G5 Tof] …dÚ df pknAw x'G5 . ha z/L/ a|Xdf08 aG5 ta dfq xfdLnfO{
a|Xdsf af/]df hfgsf/L x'G5 . hf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] z/L/sf] klg hfgsf/L 5}g p;nfO{ cfTdfsf]
hfgsf/L x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdLeGbf klxn] klg h;n] of] ;To tYo
hfGg ;s] pgLx¿ d]/f] z/L/df Ps ePsf 5g\ . cgGosf] cy{ hf] cfkm"nfO{ …dÚ eGbf cnu dfGb}g
/ …dÚ ;Fu Ps ePsf] 5 eGg] xf] . h'g lbg …dÚ eGbf k[ys\ g7fg]/ d]/f] z/0fdf cfpg] 5f}+ ToxL lbg
z/0ffult kmlnt x'g] 5 . z/0fsf] cy{ ;dk{0f xf] / ha;Dd …dÚ afFRb5, ta;Dd ;dk{0f x'Fb}g .
cgGo efj jLt/fusf] cj:yfdf kmlnt x'G5 clg z/0ffult x'G5 . h'g lbg JolQm jLt/fuL x'G5
Tof] lbg d]/f] z/L/df pknAw x'G5 .
csf]{ s'/f 1fg¿kL tk:ofn] kljq ePsf] JolQm d]/f] :j¿kdf g} k|fKt x'G5 . c1fgL /
cxª\sf/Lsf] tk:of x7k"j{s x'g ;S5 . cxª\sf/L JolQm klg ;lhn};Fu tk:jL x'g ;S5 . t/ h'g
tk cxª\sf/sf] cfwf/df x'G5 To;af6 cfTdf kljq x'g ;Sb}g / ckljq g} /xG5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn]
1fg¿kL tk:ofsf] s'/f ug{'ePsf] xf] . tk dfq kof{Kt 5}g Tof] 1fg¿kL tk:of cyf{t\
cxª\sf/ljgfsf] x'g'k5{ . c1fg¿kL tk cxÍf/df lge{/ x'G5 / 1fg¿kL tk ;dk{0fdf lge{/ x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fn] k|ydtM cgGo ¿kn] d]/f] z/0fdf cfpm To;kl5 1fg¿kL tkaf6 z'4 ePsf 1fgLx¿sf]
tk ;dlk{t x'G5 eGg'eof] . o;f] ugf{n] d tk ub}{ 5' eGg] efj /xFb}g, a? k/dfTdfn] h] u/fp+b} 5
d Tof] ub}{ 5' eGg] x'G5 . k/dfTdfn] b'v of ;'v lbof] eg] klg :jLsf/ ug{' / k/dfTdfsf] xftdf
/x]/ afFRg' 1fg¿kL tk xf] . ;aeGbf 7'nf] cz'l4 cxª\sf/ xf] / afFsL ;a} To;s} ;x pTkfbg x'g\ .
cxª\sf/ d"n /f]u xf] . sfd, qmf]w, nf]e ;a} cxª\sf/sf kQfx¿ x'g\ . ;dk{0f d'lQmsf] d"n ;|f]t
xf] . hxfF stf{ k/dfTdf eP/ JolQm dfWod dfq x'G5 ToxfF d'lQm kmlnt x'G5 .
o] oyf df+ k|kBGt] tf+:ty}j ehfDoxd\ .
dd jTdf{g'jt{Gt] dg'iofM kfy{ ;j{zM ..!!..
x] ch{'g Û hf] h;/L, h'g efjn] d]/f] pkf;gf ub{5g\ jf z/0f kb{5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ d ToxL
cg'¿ksf] kmn lbG5' jf eHb5' lsgeg]] ;a} dflg; d]/f] dfu{s} cg';/0f ub{5g\ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] dnfO{ h'g efFtLn] eH5g\ d klg pgLx¿nfO{ To;} efFtLn] eH5' .
a'l4dfg\ k'?if o;nfO{ hfg]/ d]/f] dfu{s} cg';/0f ub{5g\ . k/dfTdf klg k|ltWjlg lbG5 . xfdLn]
k/dfTdfnfO{ u/]adf]lhd k/dfTdf klg xfdLnfO{ k|ltWjlg jf k|ltkmn lbG5 . xfd|f rf/}lt/ pxL
ljBdfg 5 / xfdL leq h] kmlnt x'G5 k/dfTdf p;df tTsfn k|j]z u/]/ P]gf h:t} xfdLnfO{
k|ltljlDa lkmtf{ u5{ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] h;/L h'g efFtLn] d]/f] P]gfsf] cufl8 cfpF5
To;} efFtL p;sf] k|ltljDa p;nfO{ g} tTsfn d kmsf{pF5' . k/dfTdf hLjGt ;To xf] . pm Åbok"0f{
/ k|f0fsf] :kGbgn] el/Psf] cl:tTj xf] . ha xfd|f] k|f0fdf s'g} k|fy{gf cfP/ xfdL k/dfTdftkm{ aUg
yfN5f}+“, ta ofqf PstkmL{ dfq geP/ bf]xf]/f] x'G5 . ha xfdL Ps sbd p7fpF5f}+“, ta k/dfTdf klg
xfdLlt/ sbd p7fpF5 . xfdL hLjgsf] 5'›tfdf olt Jo:t 5f}+“ ls xfdL k/dfTdfsf] ulx/f]
k|ltWjlgnfO{ lrGg ;Sb}gf“}+ . xfdL cfˆgf] sf]7fdf a;]/ ljrf/df olt Jo:t x'G5f}+ ls aflx/L kIfsf]
cfjfh xfdL ;'Gg ;Sb}gf“}+ t/ Wofg lbP/ ;'Gof} eg] ;'Gg ;Sg] 5f}+ . xfdL lj/f6\sf] ;Ggf6fsf]
WjlgnfO{ klg ;'Gg ;Sb}gf}+, To:t} k/dfTdf k|ltkn xfdLnfO{ k|ltWjlgt u5{ t/ p;sf] cfjfh ;"Id
x'G5 hf] xfd|f] lgoGq0feGbf aflx/ x'G5 To;}n] xfdL p;nfO{ ;'Gg ;Sb}gf“} . PsfGt, df}gtf jf
Psfu|tfdf dfq p;sf] Wjlg ;'Gg ;lsG5 .

nf]suLtf– 133
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ulx/f] df}gdf >Ls[i0fn] eg]sf s'/f a'‰g ;lsG5 . k/dfTdfn] klg xfd|f] k|fy{gfsf] k|ltWjlg
;"Id ¿kdf kmsf{pF5 . h'g lsl;dn] xfdL xfd|f] cl:tTjnfO{ k'sf/ u5f}{+ ToxL g} xfdLnfO{ cgGt
u'gf eP/ lkmtf{ x'G5 . k/dfTdfn] xfdLnfO{ ToxL k|ltkmn lbG5 hf] xfdL p;nfO{ r9fpF5f}+ . xfdLn]
km"n r9fP km"n, 9'Ëf ˆofFs] 9'Ëf g} lkmtf{ x'G5 . xfdLn] ehgsf] Wjlg r9fP ToxL lkmtf{ x'G5 . qmf]w,
ufnL, 3[0ff ˆofFs] ToxL lkmtf{ x'G5 . olb hLjgdf b'v 5 eg] xfdL g} lhDd]jf/ 5f}+ . xfdLn] g}
rf/}lt/ r9fPsf] b'vsf] kmn lkmtf{ kfPsf] xf] . olb hLjgdf k|]d kfOFb}g eg] xfdLn] slxNo} klg
k|]dsf] cfjfh g} r9fPsf 5}gf“}+ eGg] a'√g'k5{ . hLjgsf] dxflgod g} s] xf] eg] xfdLn] h] lbG5f}+
ToxL lkmtf{ x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ToxL s'/f k|:t't Znf]sdf eGg'x'G5 . hf] dnfO{ h'g ¿kdf eH5g\ d klg
p;nfO{ p;} ¿kdf eH5' cyf{t\ d p;nfO{ ToxL lkmtf{ ul/lbG5' . xfdLnfO{ lbFbf xfdLn] s] lbof}+
eGg] yfxf x'Fb}g t/ ha lkmtf{ x'G5 ta dfq xfdLn] s] lbPsf /x]5f}+ eg]/ yfxf x'G5 . h:tf] aLh
/f]Kbf yfxf x'Fb}g t/ kmn k|fKt ePkl5 yfxf x'G5 . xfdLn] h] klg kfpF5f}+“, Tof] xfd|f] sd{sf] kmn xf]
cyf{t\ xfdLn] h] u¥of“}+ To;}sf] kl/0ffd xf] . slxn]sfxLF k|ltWjlgt x'g ;do dfq nfU5, To;}n]
xfdLnfO{ cg'ej gx'g] dfq xf] .
o; hut\df s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ slxn] klg cGofo x'Fb}g . olb s'g} JolQmn] hut\nfO{ kbfy{
dfGof] eg] k/dfTdf To;} ¿kdf kmsf{OlbG5 / olb s;}n] k/dfTdf dfGof] eg] ;f/f hut\ g}
k/dfTdfdo x'G5 . s'g} JolQm hLjg;Fu s'g} ;+jfb g} ub}{g eg] hLjg klg p;k|lt df}g Pjd\ h8
9'Ëfh:tf] x'G5 . h'g ¿kdf xfdL cl:tTj;Fu Jojxf/ u5f“}+, ToxL Jojxf/ xfdLnfO{ lkmtf{ x'G5 .
k/dfTdf k|ltkn k|lt;+jflbt x'G5 lsgeg] pm hjfkmb]xLaf]wn] cf]tk|f]t 5 . cGttM xfdL h] 5f}+
ToxL xfd|f] lhGbuLdf xfdLnfO{ pknAw x'G5 . O{Zj/ 5}g eGg] JolQmsf] cfFvf 9'Ëfsf] 5 / 9'Ëfsf]
cfFvfaf6 O{Zj/nfO{ kfpg ;lsGg . p;nfO{ x]g{ r]tg jf ;hLj cfFvf rflxG5 . k|fy{gf, cr{gf xfd|f ]
tkm{af6 k/dfTdfnfO{ k'sf/ xf] / ha JolQm Åbok"j{s k|fy{gfn] el/G5 ta Tof] k|fy{gf lgZro g}
lkmtf{ x'G5 . slxn] klg s'g} k'sf/ vfnL hfFb}g t/ k'sf/ Åbok"j{s ul/Psf] eP dfq ;'lgG5 .
zAbn] bf]xf]¥ofpg] levf/Lsf] h:tf] dfu k|fy{gf xf]Og . k|fy{gfsf] kmn wg dfq xf] eGg] ;f]r /fVg]
JolQmeGbf 7'nf] levf/L sf]xL klg x'Fb}g . k/dfTdfnfO{ elQmk"j{s Åbosf] uLt, gfr ;'gfP/ afFsL
p;nfO{ g} 5f]l8lbg''k5{ . olb JolQm k/dfTdf;fd' pNnf;k"j{s gfR5 / ufpF5 eg] k/dfTdf klg
ToxL ¿kdf g} cfpg] 5 . >Ls[i0f oxL cfZjf;g ch{'gnfO{ lbg'x'G5 .
sfª\IfGtM sd{0ff+ l;l4+ ohGt Ox b]jtfM .
lIfk|+ lx dfg'if] nf]s] l;l4e{jlt sd{hf ..!@..
o; ;+;f/df sd{sf] kmn jf l;l4 k|fKt ug{ rfxg] dflg;x¿ b]jtfsf] k"hf ub{5g\ lsgeg]
dflg;x¿nfO{ ;sfd sd{af6 pTkGg x'g] l;l4 tTsfn k|fKt x'G5 ..
hLjgsf] k/d zlQmsf] klxrfg ug{ g;Sg] JolQmx¿ klg z'e zlQmx¿af6 nfeflGjt x'g
;S5g\ . k/dfTdf k/d zlQm xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] d]/f] :j¿kdf pknAw x'G5g\, pgLx¿
hGd–d/0faf6 d'Qm x'G5g\ . t/ hf] dnfO{ jf k/d;|f]t pmhf{;Fu l;wf pknAw x'Fb}gg\, pgLx¿ klg
b}jLzlQmsf] k"hf u/]/ pgLx¿sf] ;flGgWodf cfO{ z'edf pknAw x'G5g\ . ;fwf/0ftof k/dzlQm
kfpgnfO{ clt sl7g x'G5 . k/dzlQmnfO{ k|fKt ug{ 7'nf] km8\sf] dfg{'sf ;fy} ;fx;sf] klg
cfjZostf k5{ . k/dzlQm;Dd'v k'Ugsf nflu cfkm"nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf ;dfKt ug]{ ;fx; rflxG5 /
hf] cfˆgf] cxª\sf/nfO{ arfpg rfxG5 p;n] k/dzlQmnfO{ sbflk kfpg ;Sb}g . k/dzlQmnfO{

nf]suLtf– 134
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kfpgsf nflu cfkm"nfO{ k"0f{¿kdf x6fpg ;Sg'k5{ clg dfq kfpg ;lsG5 . To;}n] of] k/d
;fx;sf] sfo{ xf] . wfld{s JolQm k/d ;fx;L x'G5 .
cxª\sf/L JolQm k"0f{ ;fx;L x'Fb}g t/ ;"o{sf cufl8 hfg] zlQm geP klg cGwsf/df a:g t
sf]xL klg rfxFb}gg\ . ;fgf] lbof]n] klg cGwsf/nfO{ d]6fpg ;S5 . b]jtfx¿ klg k/dzlQmsf]
cufl8 lbof]sf] aQL h:tf x'G5g\ . b]jtf z'4 cfTdfsf] gfd xf] . c;n sfo{ ug]{ cfTdfx¿ klg w]/}
c;n x'G5g\ . pgLx¿n] klg pko'Qm ue{sf] k|tLIff ug{'k5{ . o:tf] c;n, z'e / z'4 cfTdfsf] gfd
b]jtf xf] . hf] l;w} k/dfTdf;Fu ;DalGwt x'g ;Sb}gg\ pgLx¿n] rfx]df b]jtf;Fu ;Dks{ x'g ;S5 .
g/fd|f cfTdfx¿ g/fd|f] ug{ cft'/ x'G5g\ . z/L/ geP klg /fd|f z'e cfTdfx¿ z'esd{ ug{ cft'/
x'G5g\ . z/L/ljgf klg z'e cfTdfx¿sf] ;fy k|fKt x'g ;S5 . o:tf cfTdfx¿;Fu cfXjfg
(Invocation) af6 ;DaGw :yflkt ug{ ;lsG5 . ;Dk"0f{ o1flb sd{ z'e cfTdfx¿;Fu ;Dks{ ug]{
dgf]j}1flgs ;"q x'g\ eg] v/fa Pjd\ rdTsf/k"0f{ s'sd{ g/fd|f cfTdfx¿;Fu ;Dks{ ug]{ ;"q x'g\ .
;+;f/df w]/} s'/fx¿ z'e cfTdfx¿sf] ;xof]uaf6 ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . n]agfgsf]
/fhwfgL a]?t (Beirut) df cf7 ;o jif{cl3sf] k[YjLsf] gS;f kfOof] . ;a} hfFra'emaf6 Tof] cf7
;o jif{ k'/fgf] ePsf] kl'i6 eof] . of] gS;f xjfO{ hxfhsf] ;xof]uljgf agfpg} ;lsGg . t/ To;
;dodf xjfO{hxfh lyPg . t;y{ of] gS;f b]jtfsf] ;xof]udf pgLx¿nfO{ cfdGq0f u/]/ tof/
kfl/Psf] x''g ;S5 . k[YjL uf]n 5 eGg]] s'/f #)) jif{cl3 dfq yfxf ePsf] xf] t/ e"uf]nsf] 1fg
k|frLg 5 . dg'iosf] 1fgsf w]/} s'/fx¿ z''4 cfTdfx¿sf] ;xof]uaf6 k|fKt ePsf x'g ;S5g\ .
xlsd n'sdfg;Fu s'g} k|of]uzfnf lyPg t/ pgnfO{ nfvf}F ?v–af]6–cf}iflw–la?jfx¿sf af/]df
hfgsf/L lyof] . of] klg z'4 cfTdfsf] ;xof]uaf6 n'sdfgnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] x'g ;S5 . cfo'j]{bsf]
vf]h k|of]uzfnfdf ePsf] xf]Og tyflk of] k|efjsf/L 5 . of] klg b]jtfx¿af6 lbOPsf] ;"rgfsf
cfwf/df atfOPsf] x'g ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] l;w} d]/f] :j¿kdf k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g, pm klg b]jtfx¿sf] k"hf, cr{gfn]
z'esd{ ub}{ z'enfO{ pknAw x'g ;S5 . hf] k/dzlQmdf pknAw x'g ;Sb}g, pm z'e zlQmdf
pknAw x'g ;S5 . z'esd{ ug]{ JolQmx¿n] o:tf] z'e cfTdfnfO{ k|fKt u/]/ b}jL zlQm jf ;xof]u
k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ . z'esd{ klg JolQm PSn}n] ug{ sl7g x'G5 / rf/}lt/ hf] z'e cfTdfx¿ 5g\
pgLx¿sf] ;xof]u lnP/ z'esd{ ug{ ;lsG5 . s'g} /fd|f] sfd ubf{ o:tf z'e zlQmx¿n] ;xof]u
u/]sf] s'/f kl/0ffdaf6 cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 . o:t} cz'e sd{ ug]{ rfxgf x'Fbf klg crfgs g/fd|f]
sd{ 3l6t ePsf] dxz'; ug{ klg ;lsG5 . o:tf :yfgx¿ klg 5g\ hxfF dg'iosf] Åbodf z'e
kmlnt x'G5 . xfdL h;nfO{ tLy{ eG5f}+, TfL tLy{x¿ z'e cg'ej u/fpg] ynf x'g\ / hxfF z'e
cfTdfsf ;d"x x'G5g\ ToxfF JolQmn] g;f]r]sf] z'e sd{ ug{ klg ;kmn x'G5 . xfdL PSn} 5}gf“}+, xfd|f
rf/}lt/ w]/} zlQmx¿ sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . ha xfdL g/fd|f] x'g rfxG5f}+“, xfdL;Fu g/fd|f zlQmx¿sf]
;fy k|fKt x'G5 / xfd|f] zlQm a9\5 . ha /fd|f] ug{ rfxG5f}+“, ta klg /fd|fx¿sf] ;fy k|fKt x'G5 /
ltgn] xfdLnfO{ an k|bfg u5{g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– /fd|f] sd{ cr{gf, k|fy{gf, k"hfn] hf] JolQm l;wf
…dÚ ;dIf k'Ug ;Sb}g pm klg b}jL zlQmx¿sf] cf/fwgf u/]/ z'edf pknAw x'G5 .
rft'j{0o{+ dof ;[i6+ u'0fsd{ljefuzM .
t:o stf{/dlk df+ lj4Østf{/dJood\ ..!#..
k|s[ltsf tLg u'0f / To;sf u'0f;“u ;DalGwt sd{sf] ljefhg cg';f/ d}n] rf/ j0f{x¿sf]
;[li6 u/“]+ . of] ;[li6 /rgflb ;a}sf] stf{ eP klg dnfO{ cstf{ / cljgfzL g} 7fg ..

nf]suLtf– 135
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j0f{sf] Joj:yf cToGt j}1flgs / dg'io hfltsf] u'0f / sd{sf] cfwf/df lgdf{0f ePsf] xf]
tfklg kl5Nnf sfnv08df o;sf] pkof]u unt 9Ën] ul/Psf] / j0f{nfO{ pr / gLrsf] cfwf/
agfOPsf sf/0f o;df ljs[lt l;h{gf ePsf] xf] . j0f{Joj:yfsf] pkof]u ug]{ ;dfh / cfkm"nfO{
dfly / c¿nfO{ tn /fVg vf]Hg] k|j[lQ ePsf JolQmx¿sf sf/0f of] dgf]j}1flgs, ;fdflhs /
dg'iosf] cfˆg} :jwd{;Fu hf]l8Psf] j0f{Joj:yfnfO{ xfn b"lift agfOPsf] eP tfklg o;sf]
lhDd]jf/L j0f{Joj:yfsf] lrGtgdf geO{ b'?kof]u ug]{ JolQmx¿df x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– u'0f /
sd{ cg';f/ d}n] rf/ j0f{ /r]sf] xF' . k|To]s JolQmdf u'0f / sd{sf] e]b x'G5, ;dfgtfsf] s'g} pkfo
x'Fb}g . hlt;'s} ;fDojfbL Joj:yf nfu" u/] klg u'0f, e]bnfO{ x6fpg c;Dej x'G5 . wgnfO{ a/fa/
afFl8lbP klg, n'uf Pp6} nufP klg, 3/ Ps} k|sf/sf] agfP klg JolQmsf] u'0f leGg g} x'G5 . u'0fsf]
cGt/ sbflk x6fpg ;lsGg .
u'0f JolQmsf] cfTdfsf] lx:;f xf], afXo ;dfhsf] lx:;f xf]Og . >Ls[i0f JolQmsf] cfGtl/s
u'0fwd{sf] rrf{ ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . k|To]s JolQmdf u'0f / sd{sf] e]b x'G5 . u'0f lgld{t x'Fb}g of] hGdhft
g} x'G5 . hGdgsf nflu dftf–lktfaf6 k|fKt /hf]jLo{¿kL s0fdf g} ;a} u'0f n's]sf] x'G5 .
klxnf] c0f'df g} hLjgsf] ;a} cj:yf / Joj:yf n's]sf] x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d}n] ToxL u'0fnfO{
rf/ j0f{df ljeflht u/“]+ . hut\df hxfF, h;n] dg'ionfO{ ljefhg ug{ vf]h]sf 5g\ ltgn] rf/
k|sf/df g} u/]sf 5g\ . sfn{ u':tfkm h'+un] klg dg'iosf] u'0fnfO{ rf/ efudf ljefhg u/]sf 5g\ .
dg'iodf cGtlg{lxt u'0fsf k|sf/ d'VotM rf/j6} /x]sf 5g\ .
h;sf] 1fgsf] pmhf{ ;b}j dflylt/ aUb5, hf] hfGgnfO{ cft'/ 5g\, tL a|fXd0f x'g\ . Pp6f
j}1flgs ljifsf] k/LIf0f ug]{ qmddf ljifn] hLjg ;dfKt x'G5 eGg] yfxf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg hfGgsf nflu
ljifnfO{ lha|fdf /fv]/ k/LIf0f ub{5 . o:tf] k|sf/sf] hfGg] lh1f;' a|fXd0f xf] . j}1flgsx¿ hf]
/ftlbg hfGg a'‰g nfu]sf 5g\ pgLx¿sf] JolQmut s'g} :jfy{ 5}g s]jn hfGg' Psdfq cfsfª\Iff
5, ltgLx¿ ;a} a|fXd0f x'g\ . ;Gtx¿ hf] hËndf /x]/ hLjgsf] /x:osf] vf]h ul//x]sf lyP /
cfh klg hf] ;Gtx¿ 1fgsf] vf]hsf] dfu{df 5g\ pgLx¿nfO{ wg, zlQm cflbsf] s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g .
pgLx¿ lgw{gtfdf klg cfˆgf] vf]hdf cfglGbt 5g\ .
Clif s0ffbsf ;DaGwdf Pp6f syf 5– s0ffb a|fXd0f ju{sf JolQm x'g\ . hLjgdf ;w}+“ s0f
s0f vf]h]/ vfg] ePsfn] pgsf] gfd s0ffb /x]sf] lyof] . pgsf 3/df ;w“}+ s0f s0f a6'n]/ vfg]
ePsfn] ToxfF s'g} ;ª\u|x x'g] s'/} lyPg . pgL k|To]s lbg v]tdf s0f s0f a6'n]/ cfˆgf] k]6 eg]{
ub{y] . ;d|f6\nfO{ s0ffbsf af/]df yfxf eof] / pgL /ydf wg, xL/f, hjfx/ft lnP/ s0ffb;dIf uP
/ wgwfGo u|x0f ug{ cfu|x ub}{ eg]– d]/f] /fHodf tkfO“{h:tf] dxlif{n] s0f vf]h]/ vfg'kg]{ s'/f ;'Gbf
dnfO{ cToGt b'v nfUof]≤ To;}n] of] ;DklQ u|x0f ug{'xf];\ . s0fftn] hjfkm lbFb} eg]– d cfˆgf]
;Tosf] vf]hdf olt Jo:t / cfglGbt 5' ls d of] ;DklQ lnP/ s] u¿F, o;sf] /Iff ug{sf nflu d
sf] JolQm vf]h"F, tkfO+{ olb d]/f sf/0fn] b'vL x'g'x'G5 eg] d of] /fHo 5f]8]/ hfG5' . hf] JolQm cfˆgf]
vf]hsf qmddf s0f vf]h]/ vfg tof/ 5, p;nfO{ c¿ wg–;Dkbfsf] cfjZostf g} kb}{g s]jn vf]h
cg';Gwfg / 1fgsf] lrGtg g} p;sf] cd"No ;Dkbf aGb5 . of] a|fXd0fsf] u'0f xf], h;sf nflu wg,
zlQm ;a} Joy{ 5 p;sf nflu s]jn 1fgsf] vf]h g} ;a} s'/f x'G5 .
bf];|f] u'0fsf JolQmx¿ zlQms]lG›t jf zlQmpGd'v x'G5g\ . logLx¿ zlQm kfpgsf nflu
cft'/ x'G5g\ . zlQmk"hs JolQmx¿ g} Iflqo u'0fsf JolQm x'g\ . ch{'g o;} u'0fsf k|ltlglw kfq x'g\ .
>Ls[i0fn] o;} l;nl;nfdf u'0f / sd{sf] ljefhgsf af/]df ch{'gnfO{ a'emfpg vf]Hg'ePsf] xf] .

nf]suLtf– 136
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>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL cfˆgf] u'0fnfO{ lrg . ltdL cfˆgf] lghTjnfO{ klxrfg u/ /
;f]xLcg';f/ cfr/0f u/ cGoyf ltdL d'l:sndf kg]{ 5f} . ha s'g} JolQm cfˆgf] u'0fnfO{ 5f]8]/
c¿sf] u'0f cg';f/ Jojxf/ ug{ vf]H5 ta pm 7'nf] c8\rgdf k5{ lsgeg]] pm Tof] sfd ug{ vf]H5,
hf] pm ug{ ;Sb}g / Tof] sfdnfO{ 5f]l8/x]sf] 5 hf] sd{ p;n] ;xhtfsf ;fy ug{ ;SYof] . hLjgsf
;d:t cfgGb cfˆgf] lgoltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] sd{adf]lhdsf] cfr/0f ug{'df x'G5 . k/dfTdfn] h]
ug{sf nflu lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 tbg';f/ ug{'k5{ cGoyf hLjg czfGt aG5 . ch{'g Iflqo eP/
a|fXd0fh:tf s'/f ub}{ 5g\ / a|fXd0f aGg vf]Hb} 5g\ hf] pgsf nflu ;Dej g} 5}g .
hf] JolQm wgsf] ;ª\u|xdf g} cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ pmhf{ nufpF5 Tof] j}Zo ju{sf]] JolQm xf] . o;
ju{nfO{ 1fg / zlQmsf] s'g} cfjZostf x'Fb}g, s]jn wgsf] ;ª\u|x g} p;sf] hLjgsf] Ps dfq Wo]o
x'G5 . o:f k|sf/sf JolQmn] 1fg / zlQm wgaf6 g} k|fKt ug{ vf]H5g\ . hf] JolQmsf] cfsfª\Iff >d
x'G5 Tof] z"›sf] ju{df kb{5 . o; ju{sf JolQmn] s]xL sfd ug{ kfPgg\ eg] logLx¿sf] hLjg
dxfb'vbfoL x'G5 . h;nfO{ s]xL g s]xL ul//xg'k5{, hf] sfd gu/L vfnL /xg ;Sb}gg\ tL z"›ju{df
kb{5g\ .
;+;f/df dflg;x¿ oL rf/ u'0fdf ljeflht x'G5g\ . hut\nfO{ oL rf/} k|sf/sf JolQmsf]
cfjZostf x'G5 . olb ;a} JolQmn] 1fgsf] vf]hL ug]{ xf] eg] hut\sf] cl:tTj g} ;dfKt x'G5 /
;a} JolQmx¿n] zlQm vf]h] eg] o'4l;jfo c¿ s]xL klg x'Fb}g . ;a} JolQmn] wg dfq vf]h] eg]
JolQm d/]kl5 klg wgsf] ;ª\u|x dfq z]if /xg] 5 . ;a} JolQmx¿n] >d dfq ug]{ xf] eg] s'g}
;+:s[lt, ;Eotf, snf, lj1fg, bz{g, wd{ s]xL klg afFsL /xg] 5}g . oL rf/} j0f{ Ps csf{sf k"/s
x'g\ / oL cfjZos klg 5g\ . oL rf/ j0f{ljgf hut\ x'g klg ;Sb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] eGg'eof]– oL
rf/ j0f{, u'0f / sd{sf cfwf/df lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] . leq u'0f 5, Tof] u'0f;Fu hf]l8Psf] ;+o'Qm sd{
5 / ToxL u'0f g} aflx/ k|s6 eP/ sd{ aG5 . leq h;sf] gfd u'0f xf] ToxL aflx/ sd{ aG5 .
lapdf /xFbf u'0f eP/ /xG5 / z/L/ k|fKt u/]kl5 u'0f sd{df ¿kfGtl/t x'G5 . oL rf/ j0f{ Pjd\
u'0fsf] ljefhg >Ls[i0fsf b[li6df dfly / tnsf] ljefhg xf]Og cyf{t\ pr / gLrsf] b[li6n] o;df
s'g} e]befj ul/Psf] 5}g . oL rf/ j0f{ z/L/sf rf/ cË x'g\ . ;dfg d"Nosf ePsfn] logLx¿ Ps–
csf{sf kl/k"/s 5g\ . Pssf] ljgf tLgj6fs} cl:tTj x'g ;Sb}g .
j0f{Joj:yfdf ha xfdLn] tn dflysf] b[li6sf]0f agfof}+ ta ljs[lt ;'? eof] . >d klg Tolt
g} pRr x'G5 hlt 1fg pRr x'G5 . of] t cf–cfˆgf If]qdf ;+nUg eP/ vf]h ug]{ / sd{ ug]{ dfq
xf] . 1fg / >d b'j} xfdLnfO{ lj/f6\af6 k|fKt ePsf] u'0f xf] . To;df tndfly eGg] t k|Zg g}
cfpFb}g . 1fgsf] vf]h ug]{ sd{ csf]{ sd{eGbf uf}/j af]w ug{'kg]{ ljlzi6tf ePsf] sd{ xf]Og .
To;}n] sf]xL klg tndfly x'Fb}g, of] t hGdhft k/dfTdfaf6 k|fKt j/bfg xf] . Pp6f j0f{df x'g'
JolQmsf] lgolt (Destiny) xf] . k/dfTdfsf] s[kf / b[li6 ;a}df a/fa/ x'G5 . pgn] ;"o{, rG›df,
xfjf, a|Xdf08 / k|s[lt ;a}df a/fa/ b[li6 k|bfg u5{g≤\ ToxfF s'g} e]befj 5}g . hut\sf] cl:tTjdf
s'g} kIfkft 5}g . u'0fdf e]b 5 t/ e]befj 5}g, ljefhg 5 t/ zq'tf / ;ª\3if{ 5}g . >Ls[i0fn]
agfPsf] j0f{Joj:yfdf Pp6f z/L/ ;DaGw (Organic unity) 5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] rf/ j0f{sf]
z/L/;Fu t'ngf klg ug{'ePsf] 5 . sf]xL 6fpsf], sf]xL v'§f, sf]xL k]6 / sf]xL 5ftL 5 . oL t
cËsf efFtL ;f/f j0f{x¿ x'g\ . sf]xL tn dfly 5}g cyf{t\ dof{bfqmd 5}g . of] cËsf] tn dflysf]
cj:yf zf/Ll/s dfq xf], of] g} d"Nofª\sg xf]Og . ;a}sf] cf–cfˆgf] pkof]lutf 5 / Ps ljgf csf]{
x'g} ;Sb}gg\ . u'0f leqL Ifdtf / sd{ aflx/L cleJolQm dfq xf] ;fy} u'0f sd{ ag]kl5 dfq c¿nfO{

nf]suLtf– 137
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hfgsf/L x'G5 / u'0f u'0f g} /Xof] eg] c¿nfO{ dfq xf]Og :jod\ cfkm"nfO{ klg yfxf x'Fb}g . ha
JolQm sd{df k|s6 x'G5 clg dfq p;nfO{ klg cfˆgf] j0f{sf af/]df yfxf x'G5 .
u'0f / ju{sf] e]b :jefjut lgolt adf]lhd x'G5 . of] :jefjut e]bnfO{ >Ls[i0fn] lgdf{0f
u/]sf] s'/f pxfF atfpg'x'G5 . of] k/dfTdfaf6 hGdhft k|fKt ljefhg xf] . >Ls[i0f ch{'gsf] u'0f
sd{ s] xf] eg]/ atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . ch{'g cfˆgf u'0f, sd{nfO{ :d/0f ub}{ cfˆgf] sd{df ;lqmo x'g
;s"g\ eGg] cfzfn] u''0f / sd{sf af/]df eGb} x'g'x'G5 . u'0f / sd{sf] ldng eof] eg] hLjgdf Pp6f
;'vb\ ;dGjo (Harmony) df cfwf/lt cGt;{DaGw sfod x'G5 / u'0f Pjd\ sd{sf larsf] e]b
6'6\of] eg] JolQmsf hLjgdf c;Ëlt k}bf x'G5 .
a|fXd0fsf] r]tgf z"›sf] r]tgfeGbf dfly x'Fb}g . b'j}sf] r]tgfdf s'g} km/s x'Fb}g . r]tgf
s;}sf] klg >]i7 x'Fb}g . r]tgfn] cfˆgf] u'0f k"/f u¥of] eg] dfq >]i7 x'G5 / s'g} klg u'0fsf]
JolQmsf] r]tgf cfˆgf] u'0fnfO{ k"/f u/]df dfq >]i7 x'G5 . olb a|fDx0f 1fgdf cfTd;\ft\ x'g ;Sof]
eg] p;sf] r]tgf >]i7 x'G5 . To;}u/L Iflqo zlQm;Fu cfTd;\ft\ x'g ;Sof] eg] Iflqosf] r]tgf >]i7
x'G5 . ch{'gn] af0f rnfpFbf af0f / ch{'g cnu cnu g/x"g\ . ch{'gn] t/jf/ lnFbf xft / t/jf/sf]
cGt/ /x]g jf tL Psfsf/ eP eg] a|fXd0f Wofgdf nLg eP/ a|Xd;Fu Psfsf/ ePem}+ ToxL
cg'ejnfO{ ch{'gsf] r]tgfn] klg cg'ej ug{ ;S5 . ha ch{'g t/jf/ / cfkm"larsf] cGt/ d]6fP/
Ps x'g ;S5g\, ch{'gsf nflu ToxL pgsf] Wofg aG5 . hfkfgdf Iflqox¿sf] Ps ;d"x ;fd'/fO{
5 . dlGb/df logLx¿sf] t/jf/ em'lG8Psf] x'G5 / dlGb/leq t/jf/o'4 l;sfpg] ljBfno klg x'G5 .
;fd'/fO{ eG5g\ xfdL Iflqo xf}+ / xfdL t/jf/sf] rdsdf Ps x'G5f}+ . ha t/jf/ / xfdL lar s'g}
km/s x'g] 5}g / t/jf/sf] g[To g} xfd|f] k|f0fsf] g[To x'g] 5, ToxL xfd|f] Wofg / ;dflw xf] .
>dsf nflu cft'/ JolQm cfˆgf] >ddf olt 8'af];\ ls k5fl8 sf]xL klg garf];\ . sf]bfnfn]
hldg vGbf p7\g] / lug]{ qmddf p;df / sf]bfnf]df olt tfbfTDo xf];\ ls pm klg ;Fu;Fu} p7f];\ /
lu/f];\ . o:tf] tNnLgtf xf];\ ls stf{ leqaf6} x6f];\ . sf]bfnf] / p;sf lar s'g} cGt/ g/xf];\ .
ta pm ToxL WofgnfO{ pknAw x'G5, hf] a|fxd0f cfˆgf] Wofgaf6 pknAw x'G5 . Wofgaf6 rf/}
j0f{sf JolQmx¿ cf–cfˆgf tj/af6 pknAw x'g ;S5g\ / h'g klg r]tgf Wofgdf pknAw x'G5
ToxL r]tgf >]i7 x'G5 . >]i7tfsf] ;DaGw j0f{;Fu xf]Og, Wofg;Fu x'G5 . hf] r]tgf Wofgdf pknAw
x'G5 Tof] r]tgf s'g} klg dfu{af6 >]i7tfdf k'U5 . o:tf] tNnLgtf xf];\ ls leqaf6 stf{ g} x6f];\ /
sd{;Fu Ps x'g ;sf];\ . j}1flgs k|of]uzfnfdf, gt{s gfRbf gfRb} g[Todf, jfBjfbs jfBjfbgdf,
lzIfs k9fpFbf k9fpb} k9fOdf, 9'Ëf kmf]8\g] 9'Ëf kmf]8\g] sfddf ha Wofgsf] tNnLgtfdf k|fKt
x'G5g\, ToxLF r]tgfsf] >]i7tf kmlnt x'G5 .
r]tgfsf] >]i7tf j0f{df xf]Og sd{sf] tNnLgtfdf jf Wofgdf lge{/ x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
of] ;[li6 /rgflb ;a}sf] stf{ eP klg dnfO{ cstf{ / cljgfzL g} hfg . klxnf] s'/f t sd{df
stf{kg x'Fb}g . stf{ leq pkl:yt eP dfq stf{efj sd{df ;jf/ x'G5 . sd{df cfkm}+“ stf{efj
x'Fb}g . xfdL klg sd{ ubf{ ub}{ cstf{ x'g ;S5f}+“ . stf{sf] lgdf{tf cxª\sf/sf] efj xf] . af6fdf
lxF8\bf xfdLn] Wofg lbP/ x]¥of}+“ eg] leq crn g} x'G5 / rNg] lqmof aflx/ dfq x'G5 . cxª\sf/sf]]
efj ha rNg'df ;jf/ x'G5, ta p;n] d lxF8\b} 5' eG5 . x/]s lqmofsf leq vf]Hof“}+ eg] xfdLn]
stf{nfO{ sxL+ klg kfpFb}gf}+ s]jn lqmof dfq kfpF5f“}+ . leqsf] tŒj t stf{ xf]Og ›i6f, ;fIfL xf]
h;n] s]jn b]Vb5 . r]tgfsf] txdf s'g} klg kL8f x'Fb}g . s]jn r]tgfnfO{ yfxf dfq x'G5 . r]tgf
s]jn 1ftf, ;fIfL dfq xf] . To;}n] xfdL klg lqmofsf] leq stf{ xf]Ogf}+ . stf{ xfd|f] e|d dfq xf] .

nf]suLtf– 138
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k/dfTdfnfO{ xfdL h:tf] e|d x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] ;a} ubf{ ub}{ klg …dÚ cstf{
x'F .
csf]{ cy{df klg s[i0fsf] egfOnfO{ a'‰g ;lsG5 . k/dfTdfdf s'g} cxª\sf/ x'Fb}g lsgeg]
huTf\df k/dfTdf Pp6} dfq 5 . cxª\sf/sf] efj hlxn] klg ltdLdf lge{/ x'G5 / olb …ltdLÚ /x]g
eg] …dÚ klg /xFb}g . le8df JolQm cxª\sf/L x'G5 / PsfGtdf cxª\sf/ lt/f]lxt x'G5 . k/dfTdfsf
nflu s'g} …ltdLÚ 5}g To;}n] …dÚ aGg] k|Zg g} p7\b}g . o;}sf/0f >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ ;a} ubf{ub}{
klg cstf{ x'F / …dÚ x'Fbfx'Fb} klg geP h:tf] 5', csf]{ cy{df klg o;nfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 ls cl:tTj
k/dfTdfsf] lj:tf/ xf] . d cfˆgf] xftnfO{ ltdL elGbgF d g} eG5' . d]/f] z/L/df xft, v'§f, 6fpsf]
cflb ;a} z/L/sf lj:tf/ x'g\ . To:t} k/dfTdfsf nflu ;d:t cl:tTj p;s} lj:tf/ xf] . To;}n]
k/dfTdfn] s'g} gofF ;[hgf klg u¥of] eg] Tof] k/dfTdfsf] g} ;[hgf xf] s'g} csf]{ JolQmsf] xf]Og .
s'g} klg g[To gt{s ljgf x'g} ;Sb}g . k/dfTdfnfO{ xfdLn] g6/fh eg]sf 5f}+“ lsgeg]] g[To / gt{s
Ps} x'G5 . olb gt{s ePg eg] g[To x'g ;Sb}g / g[To /f]lsof] eg] gt{s x'g} ;Sb}g . gt{s / g[To
Ps} ePh:tf] k/dfTdf / ;[li6sf] klg ;DaGw To:t} 5 . k/dfTdf ;[li6nfO{ aGb u/]/ ;|i6f aGg
;Sb}g / ;[li6 aGb g} x'Fb}g . k/dfTdf / ;[li6 Ps x'g\ h:t} gt{s / g[To Ps x'g\ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– ;a} ubf{ub}{ klg …dÚ cstf{ x'F / stf{n] dnfO{ klqmg ;Sb}g . rf/}lt/ k/dfTdfsf] lgldQ
cl:tTj dfq 5 hxfF k/dfTdf nLnf ul//xG5 . nLnf v]n xf] / v]ndf cxª\sf/ x'Fb}g . v]n ta;Dd
v]n /xG5 ha;Dd ToxfF d /xFb}g . k/dfTdfsf nflu hut\ Pp6f v]n xf] . o:tf] lg/xª\sf/
jrgsf] 3f]if0ff >Ls[i0fn] o; Znf]sdf ug{'ePsf] xf] .
g df+ sdf{l0f lnDklGt g d] sd{kmn] :k[xf .
Olt df+ of]˜lehfgflt sd{leg{ ; aWot] ..!$..
dnfO{ s'g} sd{sf] kmnk|lt slQ klg clenfiff 5}g, To;}n] sd{x¿n] klg dnfO{ lnKt ub}{gg\ .
o;k|sf/ h;n] dnfO{ tŒjk"j{s a'‰b5, Tof] ;sfd sd{df afFlwFb}g jf km:b}g ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{sf] kmndf d]/f] k|lt:kwf{ g} 5}g, To;}n] sd{n] dnfO{ lnKt ub}{g . hf]
dnfO{ o:f ¿kdf hfGb5 pm klg sd{df lnKt x'Fb}g / p;df sd{sf] kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff klg x'Fb}g .
v]n / sd{df oxL km/s x'G5 . kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff ePdf v]n klg sd{ aG5 / kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff
gePdf sd{ klg v]n aG5 . k/dfTdf lg?2]Zo 5, p;sf] sxLF k'Ug] nIo Pjd\ p2]Zo klg 5}g .
r/fx¿ uLt ufpF5g\, h"g tf/fx¿ rN5g\, km"nx¿ km'N5g\, xfjf aU5, hLjg k}bf x'G5 / ljnLg
x'G5 . logLx¿ ;a} lg?2]Zo g} s[To ub}{ 5g\ t/ dg'iosf] dg p2]Zoljgf s]xL klg a'‰g ;Sb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d h] u5{' cfgGbk"j{s u5{' . d]/f nflu s'g} p2]Zo 5}g s]jn cfgGb 5 .
;f/f cl:tTj cfgGbdUg 5 . o;} sf/0fn] s[i0fsf] hLjgnfO{ nLnf elgPsf] xf] . s[i0fsf] hLjg
lg?2]Zo 5 . >Ls[i0fnfO{ xfdL k"0f{ cjtf/ dfGb5f}+ lsgeg]] k/dfTdf h;/L lg?2]Zo 5 s[i0f klg
To:t} x'g'x'G5 . s[i0fsf Ps Ps s[To nLnf h:t} 5g\, sfd h:tf] xf]Og . To:t} s[i0fnfO{
kmnk|flKtsf] k|lt:kwf{ 5}g . xfd|f] hLjg ;bf eljiodf cfwfl/t / kmnsf] cfzfdf x'G5 . xfdL ;bf
ef]lnsf] cfzfdf afFR5f“}+ . cfh t s]jn sd{ dfq x'G5 kmn t ;bf ef]ln k|fKt x'G5 . cl:tTj t
s]jn sd{sf] x'G5 kmnsf] s'g} cl:tTj g} 5}g . k/dfTdf sNkgf / eljiodf afFRb}g . k/dfTdf
k|ltkn cfgGbdUg 5 . h'g lbg JolQmn] ;a} s'/f Pjd\ cfgGb oxLF jt{dfgdf 5 / eljiodf s]xL
5}g eg]/ a'‰5 ToxL ;do pm kmnft'/ eP/ eljiodf afFRg 5f]8\5 . b'vL JolQm kmnft'/ x'G5 /
kmnft'/ JolQm klg b'vL x'G5 . oL b'j} s'/f hf]l8Psf 5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d cfh / oxLF

nf]suLtf– 139
cWofo–$
afFRb5' . To;}n] dnfO{ kmnsf] k|lt:kwf{ 5}g . ef]lnsf] cfsfª\Iff 5}g, cfh g} kof{Kt 5 . cfgGbdUg
lrQ cfh, oxLF x'G5 / o;/L afFRbf cgGt cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 .
k/dfTdf If0fhLjL x'G5 t/ p;sf] If0f cgGt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] d]/f] of]
:j¿knfO{ hfGb5 pm klg d h:t} x'g] 5 . ;To / cfgGbsf] vf]h ug]{ JolQmn] eljionfO{ labf
ul/lbg'k5{ . h;nfO{ b'v k|Llts/ nfU5 p;n] eljionfO{ vf]h] x'G5 . eljio vf]Hg] JolQmnfO{
gs{sf] åf/ k|fKt x'G5 / jt{dfgdf afFRg] JolQmnfO{ :ju{sf] åf/ k|fKt x'G5 . ha kmnsf] k|lt:kwf{
x'Fb}g, sd{ dfq ug{' kof{Kt x'G5 ta sd{ v]n / nLnf aG5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– To:tf] JolQm
d h:t} x'g] 5 . hLjg gf6s ag]df sd{ v]n x'G5 . s[i0fsf egfOdf of] k"/f hLjg g} gf6s xf] .
>Ls[i0f Pp6f s'zn cleg]tf x'g'x'G5 . pxfF afF;'/L klg ahfpg'x'G5, ;'bz{g rqm klg
rnfpg' x'G5 . k/d 1fgsf] s'/f klg ug{'x'G5 . hg;fwf/0f Ujfnfx¿;Fu gfrufg klg ug{
;Sg'x'G5, uLtfsf] pkb]z klg lbg ;Sg'x'G5, uf]lkgLx¿sf] j:q n'sfP/ j[Ifdf klg a:g ;Sg'x'G5 .
›f}kbLsf] rL/x/0f x'Fbf pgsf] nHhf arfpg pgsf] z/L/df cb[Zo ¿kdf j:q klg pknAw
u/fpg'x'G5 . o:tf] c;Ët JolQm k[YjLdf sf]xL klg 5}g t/ of] c;Ëltdf Pp6f /x:o 5– o:tf]
c;ª\ut ToxL JolQm x'g ;S5 hf] JolQm uDeL/ x'Fb}g . hLjgnfO{ v]n dfg]/ nLnf ug]{ s[i0fsf]
kmndf s'g} k|lt:kwf{ 5}g . >Ls[i0f hf] k/d cl:tTj x'g'x'G5 pxfFsf nflu t ;Dk"0f{ s'/f v]n dfq
xf] .
dg'iosf] dgn] ;donfO{ e"t, eljio / jt{dfgdf afF8\5 . t/ k/dfTdfsf nflu ;do s]jn
jt{dfg x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ s]jn e"t / eljiosf] dfq hfgsf/L x'G5 . jt{dfgsf af/]df xfdLnfO{ s]xL
hfgsf/L g} 5}g . k/dfTdfsf nflu sfo{ / sf/0f x'Fb}g, xfd|f nflu dfq x'G5≤ cl:tTjdf s]jn
jt{dfg dfq 5 ctLt / eljio 5}g . k/dfTdfsf nflu eljio g} geP kl5 kmnsf] k|lt:kwf{ x'g]
;jfn} ePg . of] hfGg] JolQm klg pxL cj:yfdf k'Ub5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpgsf nflu kmn jf
cfsfª\Iffsf] Tofu g} k|d'v ;t{ xf] . olb xfd|f] dfu pkl:yt x'G5 eg] xfdLnfO{ k/dfTdfsf] xf]Og,
pgsf ;]jfx¿sf] cfjZostf x'G5 .
Pj+ 1fTjf s[t+ sd{ k"j}{/lk d'd'If'leM .
s'? sd}{j t:dfŒj+ k"j}{M k"j{t/+ s[td\ ..!%..
d'lQmsf] sfdgf ug]{ k"j{jtL{x¿n] d]/f] lbJo k|s[ltnfO{ hfg]/ g} st{Jo sd{ u/]sf lyP . To;}n]
k|frLg k'vf{x¿n] h'g sd{ u/], To;}sf] cg';/0f ub}{ ltdL st{Jo sd{ u/ ..
sd{sf] kmnfsfª\Iff k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t u/L stf{kg / cxª\sf/af6 d'Qm eP/ klxn] klg k"j{
k'?ifx¿n] o:tf] sd{ u/]sf 5g\ . o:t} ltdL klg k"j{k'?ifx¿ h:t} sd{ u/ . /fhf hgsn] klg sd{
ug{ 5f]8]gg\ a? stf{kgaf6 d'Qm eP . xfdL kmnsf] k|lt:kwf{sf sf/0f sd{ u5f}{+ / ha kmnsf]
k|lt:kwf{ x'Fb}g, ta xfdL sd{ gu/L csd{ u5f}{+ . o:tf] sd{ ubf{ kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff /fVg] jf kmnsf]
cfsfª\Iff g/fvL sd{ g} gu/L csd{ ug]{ b'O{ k|sf/sf gf;dem JolQmx¿ k[YjLdf /x]sf 5g\ . kmnsf]
cfzf /fv]/ sd{ ug]{ u[x:y / kmnsf] cfzf 5f]l8lbg] ;GGof;L oL Ps} lrhsf b'O{ kf6f x'g\ . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL sd{ gul//xg} ;Sb}gf} . To;}n] sd{af6 gefu / sd{ u/, s]jn kmnsf]
cfsfª\Iff 5f]l8b]pm . sd{ ltdL u/, s]jn stf{ dfq gag . u[x:ydf /x]/ ltdL ;GGof;L ag hf]
klxn] klg k"j{k'?ifx¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ klxn] klg o:tf] ul/Psf] 5 eg]/ cfZjf;g /
e/f];f lbg'x'G5 . cxª\sf/d'Qm / stf{xLg sd{ ub}{ ;a} stf{kg k/dfTdfdf 5f]8\g' l7s ;GGof; xf] .
>Ls[i0f o; Znf]sdf ch{'gnfO{ ;Dos\ ;GGof;sf af/]df atfpg'x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 140
 cWofo–$
ls+ sd{ lsdsd]{lt sjof]˜Koq df]lxtfM .
tQ] sd{ k|jIofld oH1fTjf df]Io;]˜z'eft\ ..!^..
sd{ s] xf] / csd{ s] xf] eGg] ljifodf a'l4dfg\ JolQmx¿ klg cNdlnG5g\ jf df]lxt x'G5g\ .
o;y{ s'g sd{ xf] / s'g csd{ xf] eGg] s'/f d ltdLnfO{ eGb5' . oL s'/fx¿ hfg]/ g} ltdL hGd–
d[To'¿kL aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'g] 5f} ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{ s] xf] csd{ s] xf] eGg] s'/f a'l4dfg\ JolQmn] klg hfGg ;Sb}gg\ .
Tof] u'0ftŒj d ltdLnfO{ eGb5' h;nfO{ hfg]/ JolQm d'Qm x'G5 . o;f] em§ x]bf{ of] s'/f c;Ët
nfUb5 lsgeg]] xfd|f] dgdf sd{ / csd{ s] xf] Tof] t d"v{n] klg hfGb5 eGg] nfU5 . t/ of] s'/f
a'l4dfg\ JolQmn] klg hfGb}g . of] t cToGt u"9 tŒj xf] .
xfdL k|ltsd{nfO{ sd{ 7fGb5f}F . xfdLnfO{ s;}n] ufnL u/]df pQ/df xfdLn] klg ufnL u¥of}+
eg] Tof] k|ltsd{ (Reaction) x'G5 . s;}n] k|z+;f ubf{ cfglGbt eof}+ eg] Tof] cfglGbt x'g' klg sd{
geP/ k|ltsd{ g} xf] . hGdb]lv d[To'ko{Gt k|ltkn xfdL sd{ xf]Og k|ltsd{ g} ub{5fF} . xfdL k|ltsd{
dfq u5f}{+ lsgeg]] xfd|f] k|To]s sd{ aflx/af6 pTkflbt x'G5, leq}af6 :j:km"t{ ¿kdf cfPsf] x'Fb}g .
s;}n] wSsf lbFbf qmf]w pTkGg x'G5 / s;}n] km"ndfnf nufOlbof] eg] cxª\sf/ pTkGg x'G5 . s;}n]
ufnL ubf{ k|ltpQ/df ufnL g} lgl:sG5 / s;}n] k|]dk"j{s s'g} zAb eGof] eg] To:t} k|]dk"0f{ efj
pTkGg x'G5 . j:t'tM oL ;a} sd{ xf]Og k|ltsd{ x'g\ . of] k|ltsd{ l:jr bafP/ aQL afNg] / l:jr
bafP/ aQL lgEg] h:tf] x'G5 . s;}n] ufnL ubf{ tTsfn l:jr lyr]h:tf] ufnL p7]g eg] xfdL eGg
;S5f}F d}n] ufnL gug]{ sd{ u/]+ . sd{sf] cy{ ;xhtfk"j{s x'g] s'/f xf] eg] k|ltsd{sf] cy{ k|]l/t eP/
ug]{ Jojxf/ xf] . sd{ leqaf6 cfpFbf aflx/ s'g} klg sf/0f 5 eg] Tof] sd{ xf]Og, k|ltsd{ xf] . a'4,
dxfjL/, qmfO:6 h:tf JolQm k|ltsd{df xf]Og, sd{df afFRb5g\ .
a'4nfO{ Pslbg Ps JolQmn] d'vdf y'lslbP t/ a'4n] ?dfnn] d'v k'5\g'eof] / ;f]Wg'eof]–
c¿ s]xL eGg' 5 < a'4n] olb s'g} k|ltsd{ ug{'ePsf] eP Tof] JolQm pQ/ lnP/ cfPsf] lyof] . a'4n]
olb lsg y's]sf] dfq ;f]Wg'ePsf] eP p;;Fu k"j{tof/ pQ/ lyof] . a'4 h:tf] sd{ t ;os8f}F
jif{kl5 s'g} 1fgL JolQmn] u5{, cGoyf ;a}n] t k|ltsd{ g} u5{g\ . pm a'4;Fu k|ltsd{sf] tof/Ldf
cfPsf] lyof] t/ pN6} pxfFn] æc¿ s]xL eGg' 5 ls ÛÆ eGg] k|Zg ug{'eof] hf] To; JolQmsf nflu
ck|Toflzt lyof] . Tof] y'Sg] JolQm 5Ss k¥of] / eGof]– tkfO+{ klg s] ;f]Wg'x'G5, d}n] t tkfO{+sf]
d'vdf y's]sf] 5' . pxfFn] hjfkm lbg'eof]– ltdLn] y'sfOsf dfWodaf6 ltd|f] dgdf ba]sf eofgs
qmf]w h'g ltdL zAbn] JoQm ug{ ;Sb}gf} To;}nfO{ ;fob y's]/ JoQm u¥of} .
a'4n] eGg'eof]– JolQm s}of}+ k6s zAbaf6 efj JoQm ug{ c;dy{ x'G5 . d klg s}of}+ k6s
sltko s'/fx¿ eGg rfxG5', ha eGg c;dy{ x'G5', ta O;f/faf6 eG5' . ltdLn] klg O;f/fdf
s]xL eGof}, d}n] a'em]+ . TfL JolQmn] a'4;Fu eg]– tkfO{ klg ddfly lsg qmf]w ug{'x'Gg, a'4n]
eGg'eof]– ltdLn] qmf]w ub}{df d}n] klg qmf]w ug{' h?/L 5}g . pQm JolQm csf]{ lbg a'4;Fu Ifdf
dfUg cfof] / a'4sf] r/0fdf 9f]u]/ ?Fb} Ifdf dfUg yfNof] . a'4n] km]l/ ;f]Wg'eof]– s]xL eGg' 5, d}n]
a'em]F ltd|f] dgdf s'g} ulx/f] efj 5 hf] ltdL zAbdf eGg c;dy{ 5f} . tL efjnfO{ ltdL lz/nfO{
v'§fdf /fv]/ cfF;'n] eGb} 5f} Pjd\ efj d'›fx¿af6 JoQm ub}{ 5f} . lxhf] klg s]xL eGg rfxGYof}
eGg ;s]gf}, cfh klg s]xL eGg vf]lh/x]sf 5f} t/ eGg ;ls/x]sf 5}gf} . a'4sf] jrg ;'g]sf] To;
JolQmn] eGof]– d tkfO+{;Fu Ifdf dfUg cfPsf] 5', dnfO{ Ifdf ul/lbg'xf];\ . a'4n] eGg'eof]– d}n]
ltdL;Fu qmf]w g} u/]sf] 5}g, To;}n] Ifdf ug]{ t s'g} k|Zg g} p7\b}g .

nf]suLtf– 141
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k|ltsd{ bf; xf] hf] c¿n] xfdLaf6 u/fpF5 . a'l4dfg\n] klg sd{ / k|ltsd{nfO{ 5'6\6\ofpg
;Sb}gg\ . sd{ g} a'‰g sl7g 5 eg] csd{nfO{ hfGg t emg\ sl7g x'G5 . k|ltsd{nfO{ xfdL sd{
7fGb5f}+ / csd{0otfnfO{ xfdL csd{ 7fGb5f“}+ . cN5Lkgn] a;]/ s]xL gug{'nfO{ xfdL csd{ ;DemG5f}+ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– csd{sf] bzf t ha leq ulx/fOdf sd{sf] s'g} jf;gf /xFb}g, ta dfq kmlnt
x'G5 . ha leq dg z"Go cj:yf eP/ leq ulx/f]df dgn] sd{sf ;"Id t/Ëx¿ p7fpFb}g, ta dfq
csd{ kmlnt x'G5 . h;sf] leq csd{ x'G5 p;sf] aflx/ slxNo} klg k|ltsd{ x'Fb}g . h;sf] leq
csd{ kmlnt x'G5 p;sf] aflx/ sd{ kmlnt x'G5 . c¿sf] k|ltlqmofdf geO{ sd{ h'g cfkm“}+ leqaf6
hlGdPsf] x'G5 Tof] ;xh ¿kdf kmlnt x'G5 .
of] s'/f u"9, uxg / /x:ok"0f{ 5 . To;}n] a'l4dfg\ JolQmx¿n] klg sd{ / csd{ s] xf] to
ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . x] ch{'g Û ltdLnfO{ Tof] u"9 /x:o d eG5' lsgeg]] h;n] Tof] /x:onfO{ hfGb5 pm
d'Qm x'g] 5 . h'g JolQmn] sd{ / csd{sf larsf] ;"Idtd cj:yfnfO{ hfGb5 Tof] JolQmn]
d'lQmdfu{sf] ofqf ug]{ 5 . To:tf] JolQmnfO{ hut\df c¿ s'g} ;"Id u'Xo s'/f hfGg z]if x'Fb}g .
To;}n] xfdL h;nfO{ sd{ 7fG5f}+“ Tof] k|ltsd{ xf] sd{ xf]Og . xfdL h;nfO{ csd{ 7fG5f}+ Tof]
csd{0otf xf] . >Ls[i0f h;nfO{ csd{ eGg'x'G5 Tof] cfGtl/s df}gtf / leq sd{sf] t/Ësf] cefj
xf] . ha cGt/df sd{sf] t/Ë x/fpF5, ta stf{ klg /xFb}g lsgeg]] stf{sf] lgdf{0f leqsf] sd{sf]
t/Ëaf6 pTkfbg x'g] hf]8 xf] . leqsf] sd{sf] jf;gf g} ;+o'Qm eP/ stf{ aG5 . olb leq s'g}
stf{sf] t/Ë 5}g eg] aflx/ klg stf{kg afFsL /xFb}g . hf] o;sf] dWo/]vfnfO{ hfGb5 Tof] JolQm
d'Qm x'G5 . To;}n] x] ch{'g Û d ltdLnfO{ sd{ / csd{sf] ljefhg /]vfsf af/]df atfpF5' .
sd{0ff] Xolk af]4Jo+ af]4Jo+ r ljsd{0fM .
csd{0fZr af]4Jo+ uxgf sd{0ff] ultM ..!&..
sd{ s] xf] < ljsd{ jf jlh{t sd{ s] xf] < csd{ jf o;sf] :j¿k s] xf] < oL ;a} s'/f
a'‰g'kb{5 lsgeg]] sd{sf] af6f] jf ult uxg 5 cyf{t\ a'‰g cToGt sl7g 5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{, csd{ / lglif4 sd{sf] :j¿k hfGg'k5{ lsgeg]] sd{sf] ult uxg,
;"Id / /x:ok"0f{ 5 . lglif4 sd{ Tof] sd{ xf] hf] ug{of]Uo 5}g≤ To;}n] To;sf] :j¿k klg hfGg'k5{ .
sd{ slxn] sd{ x'G5, slxn] csd{ x'G5 of] hfGg sl7g 5 . sd{ slxn]sfxLF lglif4 klg x'G5, ta t
hfGg emg\ ufx|f] x'G5 . lglif4 sd{nfO{ b'O{ k|sf/n] ljrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . h:t}– s'g} sd{ hf] ug{of]Uo
5}g To;nfO{ lglif4sd{sf] sf]l6df /fVg ;lsG5 . h:tf] sfg'gL km};nf cbfntn] u5{ . rf]/L, xTof,
cfTdxTof ug{ lglif4 x'G5 . s]xL sd{ sfg'gn] to u/]sf] 5 hf] ug{ kfOFb}g t/ sfg'g w]/} ;"Id x'g
;Sb}g . wd{n] w]/} ;"Idtd vf]h u5{ . wd{df s'g} sd{ s'g} kl/l:yltdf lglif4 eP klg csf]{
kl/l:yltdf lglif4 gx'g klg ;S5 . xTof ;fwf/0ftof lglif4 5 t/ o'4df of] lglif4 x'Fb}g . lglif4
s'g} jl0f{t s'/f xf]Og . of] kl/l:yltsf cfwf/df kl/jt{g x'g ;S5 / slxn]sfxLF t b'O{ lglif4sfo{sf]
lardf ;Í6 klg k}bf x'G5 . PsnfO{ arfpg] ls csf]{nfO{ arfpg] cyf{t\ lx+;f arfpg ;fFrf] af]Ng]
ls em''7f] af]Ng] . slxn]sfxLF b'O{ lglif4 sd{ pN6f] klg x'g ;S5 .
Pp6f l;wf;fbf a|fXd0f ;8sdf lxFl8/x]sf] x'G5 . ToxfF Pp6f s;fO{ xftdf v's'/L lnP/
bf}l8P/ cfpF5 . pm cfˆgf] ufO{ hf] p;af6 5'6]/ efu]sf] 5, To;nfO{ vf]Hb} cfPsf] 5 . Tof] s;fO{
xftdf wfl/nf] v''s'/L lnP/ a|fXd0fnfO{ ;f]W5– ltdLn] oxfFaf6 Pp6f ufO{ uPsf] b]Vof} < a|fXd0f
s;fO{sf] k|of]hg / p2]Zo s] xf] eg]/ x]b{5 . em'6f] af]Ng' lglif4 sfo{ xf] eg]/ zf:qdf k9]sf] 5
To;}n] pm wd{;Í6df k5{ . em'6f] af]Ng' zf:q;Ddt 5}g / ;To af]lnof] eg] s;fO{n] ufO{sf] lglZrt

nf]suLtf– 142
 cWofo–$
xTof ug]{jfnf 5, h'g lxGb" wd{ ljk/Lt 5 h;sf] eflubf/ d klg x'g] 5' . xTofdf eflubf/ x'g' klg
lglif4 sfo{ xf] . oxfF ;To / em'6 h] af]n] klg Tof] lglif4 sfo{ x'G5 .
lhGbuL hl6n x'G5, of] zf:qdf n]v]h:tf] x'Fb}g . zf:q ;/n x'G5 . zf:qsf ;a} k|Zg
lgl0f{t x'G5g\ t/ hLjgsf ;a} k|Zg clgl0f{t x'G5g\ . hLjgdf k|ltkn s] ug]{ eg]/ to ug{'k5{ .
o:tf] If0f k|ltlbg cfpF5, ha zf:qn] s'g} sfd ub}{g ToxfF :jod\ g} lg0f{o ug{'k5{ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– sd{sf] ult uxg / hl6n 5 . of] sd{sf] ultnfO{ hfGgsf nflu sd{, csd{ / lglif4
sd{nfO{ klg hfGg'k5{ . lglif4 sd{ b}lgs ¿kdf ug{'kg]{ x'Fbf of] k|Zg cfpg] lalQs} s] ug]{ eg]/ to
ug{'k5{ . dxfjL/sf] sygcg';f/ /ftdf sf]N6] km]g{' lglif4 5 . To;}n] dxfjL/ /ftL ;'Tbf sf]N6f] k/]/
;'Tg'x'GYof] tfls sdeGbf sd lx+;f xf];\ . dxfjL/ hldgdf v'§f klg ljrf/ u/]/ dfq /fVg'x'GYof] .
;'Svf hldgdf dfq lxF8\g'x'GYof], jiff{df pxfF lxF8\g'x'GgYof] lsgeg]] lxnf] hldgdf sL6f0f'x¿ dg{
;S5g\ . kfgL k/]sf] hldgdf jiff{df lxF8\g' lglif4 sfo{ xf] .
lglif4 sd{af/] ljleGg JolQmx¿sf s'/f ;'Gg] xf] eg] JolQm xlNng klg kfpFb}g / Zjf; klg
lng kfpFb}g . hLjg g} hl6n / clglZrt 5 . ToxfF k|ltkn ;a} ablnG5 . dxfjL/n] eGg'eof]–
v]tL gug{" lsgeg]] v]tLdf lx+;f x'G5 . pgsf cg'ofoLx¿n] v]tL ug{ aGb u/] t/ v]tL gu/L x'g
;Sg] lx+;fsf] ;§fdf Jofkf/L j}Zo eP/ pgLx¿n] olt w]/} lx+;f u/] hf] pgLx¿ ls;fg ePsf] eP
slxNo} klg ub}{gy] . k};fdf hlt lx+;f of /utsf] 5fk x'G5 Tof] c¿ s'g} klg s'/fdf x'Fb}g t/ Tof]
aflx/af6 ;kmf b]lvG5 . wg sdfpg' :jR5 lx+;f xf] . sltsf] k|f0f lnP/, sltsf] hldg lasfO
3/af/ p7fP/, sltnfO{ d[To'sf] d'vdf k'¥ofP/ lx+;f ul/Psf] x'G5, Tof] yfxf x'Fb}g . ;a} k|sf/sf
/ut / ck/fwaf6 u'lh|P/ dfq wg sdfpg ;lsG5, t/ Tof] ;b}j tfhf b]lvG5 . xfd|f] xftdf
cfpFbf wgsf] s'g} Oltxf; aRb}g / xft ;kmf b]lvG5 . dxfjL/nfO{ tyf pxfFnfO{ dfGg] JolQmx¿n]
slxNo} ;f]r]sf lyPgg\ xf]nf ls ;a}eGbf w]/} wg pg}sf h}gLx¿;Fu ;Ílnt x'g] 5 . dxfjL/ hf]
:jod\ ;f/f wgTofu u/]/ gUg x'g'eof] t/ pxfFsf cg'ofoLx¿ wgsf] bf; ag]≤ of] ;a} lglif4
sd{åf/f kmlnt eof] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{sf] ult uxg 5 . oxfFaf6 5f]8\of] ptfaf6
klqmG5, ptfaf6 5f]8\of] otfaf6 klqmG5 . To;}n] lglif4 sd{af/] ghfGg] JolQmx¿ o;}df hLjgnfO{
u'dfpF5g\ . hLjgsf] af6f] Ogf/ / vf8n h:tf] 5 / lardf lxF8\g' t/jf/sf] wf/df lxF8\g' h:t}
sl7g x'G5 .
sd{0osd{ oM kZo]bsd{l0f r sd{ oM .
; a'l4dfGdg'io]if' ; o'QmM s[T:gsd{s[t\ ..!*..
h;n] sd{df csd{ / csd{df sd{ b]Vb5 jf sd{ u/]/ klg kmnsf] cfzf /fVb}g Tof] JolQm
dflg;x¿df a'l4dfg\ xf] . o:tf] JolQm zf:qljlxt sd{ u/]/ lbJo l:yltdf k'u]sf] dflgG5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] sd{df csd{ b]V5 / csd{df sd{nfO{ b]V5 Tof] JolQm 1fgjfg\ xf] .
sd{df csd{nfO{ b]Vg'sf] cy{ JolQm sd{ ubf{ub}{ klg hfgf];\ ls d stf{ xf]Og . sd{ ubf{ klg d
stf{ xf]Og eGg] hfGgsf nflu ;fIfLefj x'g'kb{5 . ;fIfLefj ePdf ef]hg ubf{ klg hfGg ;lsG5
ls d ef]hg ul//x]sf] 5}g, ToxfF d s]jn ef]s nfu]sf] hflg dfq /x]sf] 5' . ef]s t z/L/nfO{ nfU5
/ z/L/ g} ef]hg ul//x]sf] x'G5 . ef]s nfUbf / qmf]w cfpFbf k5fl8 kms]{/ x]g]{ snfn] g} sd{nfO{
csd{ agfpF5 . To;a]nf JolQm sd{ ubf{ klg gu/] h:tf] cstf{ x'G5 . ;fIfL efj ePdf JolQm
stf{ x'Fbf klg cstf{ x'g ;S5 . hf] JolQm leqaf6 d stf{ xf]Og d s]jn ;fIfL x'F eGg] hfGb5
tTsfn pm k/dfTdf;Fu Ps x'G5 . clg cl:tTjdf 36\g] k|To]s 36gfdf pm ;+nUg x'G5 /

nf]suLtf– 143
cWofo–$
k/dfTdfsf k|To]s s[Todf p;sf] ;xeflutf x'G5 . hut\df h] klg eO/x]sf] 5, Tof] p;}n] ul//x]sf]
x'G5 .
k|ydtM sd{df csd{sf] cg'ej ePkl5 csd{df sd{sf] cg'ej :jtM x'G5 / h;nfO{ of]
uxg k|tLlt pknAw x'G5 p;nfO{ 1fg / ;Tosf] cg'ej pknAw x'G5 . ;fIfL x'g] JolQmnfO{ lglif4
sd{ s] xf] eg]/ klxn]af6 to ug{'kb}{g . pm ;fIfL ePkl5 p;nfO{ lglif4 / cfjZos sd{ s] xf]
eGg] cg'ej x'G5 / To;sf af/]df klxn]b]lv p;n] ;f]Rg'kb}{g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] JolQm
zf:qljlxt sd{ u/]/ lbJo l:yltdf k'u]sf] dflgG5 . p;nfO{ s] unt, s] l7s, s] ug{' x'G5 / s]
ug{' x'Fb}g eg]/ :ki6 af]w x'G5 / p;n] s;}nfO{ ;f]Wg'kb}{g . lglif4 sd{ p;af6 x''Fb}g lsgeg] lglif4
sd{ s] xf] eGg] p;nfO{ cfkm} af]w x''G5 / h] lglif4 5}g Tof] g} p;n] ub{5 . t;y{ ;fIfL efj
leqsf] b[li6 aG5 .
o:o ;j]{ ;df/DefM sfd;ÍNkjlh{tfM .
1fgflUgbUwsdf{0f+ tdfx'M kl08t+ a'wfM ..!(..
h;sf ;Dk"0f{ zf:q;Ddt sd{x¿ sfdgf/lxt / ;ª\sNk/lxt x'G5g\, To:tf 1fg¿kL clUgn]
sd{kmn e:d ePsf dxfk''?ifx¿nfO{ 1fgLx¿ kl08t eGb5g\ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sfdgf / ;ª\sNkaf6 IfL0f ePsf] r]tgfsf] bzfdf hf] 1fg pknAw x'G5
To:tf] JolQmnfO{ 1fgLhg kl08t eGb5g\ . c1fgLx¿ t a9LeGbf a9L ;"rgfsf] ;ª\u|x ug]{
JolQmnfO{ kl08t eGb5g\, hf] ts{o'Qm ljrf/ ug{df s'zn x'G5g\ . t/ 1fgLhg ;ª\sNk /
sfdgfnfO{ 5f]8]/ r]tgfsf] Tof] z'4 cj:yfdf pknAw x'g] JolQmnfO{ kl08t eG5g\, hxfF 1fgsf]
;fIffTsf/ x'G5 . 1fgL To;nfO{ kl08t eG5g\ h;sf] ;To;Fu l;wf ;Dks{ 5 . o:tf] ;Dks{
k/dfTdf;Fu To;sf] dfq x'G5, h;sf] r]tgfdf sfdgf / ;ª\sNk afFsL /xFb}g . s'g} OR5f g/x]sf]
cj:yf g} sfdgf / jf;gf IfL0f ePsf] cj:yf xf] . sfdgf dgsf] bf}8 xf] . cfk"m ePsf] 7fpFdf
cfgGb 5}g / c¿ ePsf] 7fpFdf cfgGb xf]nf eg]/ ;f]Rg'n] g} sfdgfsf] hGd x'G5 . cfgGb
sfdgfaf6 d'lQmsf] cj:yf xf] . h] x''Fbf / hxfF h'g cj:yfdf x'Fbf klg d k"0f{ 5' eGg] ;Gt[lKtsf]
k/fsfi7f sfdgfaf6 d'lQm xf] .
k|To]s JolQm lbUbf/ 5 . wgsf] ofqfdf / kbsf] ofqfdf u[x:yL klg sxLF k'Ug rfxG5 .
;GGof;L klg lbSs 5g\, pgLx¿ ;GGof; / df]Ifsf] ofqfdf sxLF cGoq k'Ug rfxG5g\ . hf] sxLF
k'Ug rfxG5g\ pgLx¿ tgfj / czflGtdf x'G5g\ . jf;gf / sfdgf /x'Gh]n df]If kfpg c;Dej 5 .
k/dfTdf t sfdgf cGt ePsf] JolQmnfO{ dfq k|fKt x'G5 . ha;Dd JolQm p2]Zo / nIo lnP/ sxL
k''Ug rfxG5 ta;Dd pm sfdgfsf] aflx/ x'Fb}g . ;a} JolQmnfO{ cfkm"eGbf b'vL c¿ sf]xL klg 5}g
eGg] nfU5 lsgeg]] xfdL cfk"m leqsf] b'vsf] sfF8f b]V5f}+“ t/ c¿sf] Åbosf] sfF8f b]Vb}gf“}+ . xfdL
c¿sf] cg'xf/ dfq b]V5f} Åbo;Dd k'Ug g} ;Sb}gf}+“ . cg'xf/eGbf wf]vf lbg] c¿ s'g} s'/f g} x'Fb}g /
df}lns cg'xf/ cToGt sd JolQmx¿;Fu x'G5 . s[i0f, a'4, qmfO:6x¿ h:tf JolQmx¿;Fu dfq
cfˆgf] df}lns cg'xf/ x'G5 . sfdgfsf] lap g} c¿h:tf] x'g vf]Hg' xf] lsgeg]] c¿ ;'vL 5g\ /
xfdL b'vL 5f}+“ h:tf] nfU5 . hf] JolQm cfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;dy{ x'G5, pxL sfdgfaf6 d'Qm x'G5 cGoyf
d'Qm x'g ;Sb}g .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ æca ;ª\sNk klg TofuÆ eGg'x'G5 . ;ª\sNksf] pkof]u klg sfdgf
xf]OGh]n;Dd xf] / ha sfdgf z]if /xFb}g ta ;ª\sNksf] s'g} pkof]u x'Fb}g . ha;Dd OR5f k"/f ug{'
5, ta;Dd OR5fzlQmsf] cfjZostf x'G5 =/ ha OR5f g} afFsL /xFb}g, ta OR5fzlQmsf] s'g} sfd

nf]suLtf– 144
 cWofo–$
g} /xFb}g, Tof] af]em x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ ;ª\sNk cfjZos 5 lsgeg]] xfdLnfO{ OR5f k"/f ug{' 5 t/
OR5f g} afFsL g/x]sf] JolQmnfO{ OR5fzlQmsf] s'g} pkof]lutf g} /xFb}g . zlQm olb k|of]u ePg eg]
To;n] :jod\s} ljgfz u5{ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f qmdcg';f/ eGg'x'G5– klxn] sfdgfaf6 clg jf;gfaf6
d'Qm xf]pm . sfdgf / jf;gfsf] cGTo ePkl5 ;ª\sNknfO{ IfL0f u/ lsgeg]] ToxfF ;ª\sNksf] h?/t
g} kb}{g . zlQm olb IfL0f eO{ cg'kof]uL eP To;n] ljgfz ub}{g cGoyf To;n] :jod\nfO{ ljgfz
u5{ . olb s'g} JolQmn] jf;gf Tofu gu/L ;ª\sNk dfq 5f]8\of] eg] p;nfO{ 7'nf] sl7gfO kg{
;S5 . To;a]nf pm a8f] bLgxLg x'g] 5 / jf;gfnfO{ Tofu ul/;s]kl5 ;ª\sNk hLljt /xg'
vt/gfs x'G5 lsgeg]] jf;gf g} g/x]kl5 zlQmsf] pkof]lutf g} x''Fb}g . olb zlQm aflx/ Tofu]g eg]
To;n] leq cfˆgf] ;lqmotf a9fP/ leq g} bf}l8g yfN5 . zlQm leq bf}l8Pkl5 JolQm ljlIfKt
x'G5 . zlQmsf b'O{ ¿kx¿ 5g\, jf;gflt/ bf}l8of] eg] k|f0fL eP/ ;[hgf u5{ . sfdgf, ;kgflt/
bf}l8of] eg] To;n] :jod\sf] ljgfz u5{ .
To;}n] hf] JolQm jf;gfaf6 d'Qm x'G5 p;n] sfdgf klg 5f]8\5, dlGb/ klg 5f]8\5 / ofqL x'F
eGg] efj klg 5f]8\5 . o:tf] sfdgfz"Go / ;ª\sNkaf6 l/Qm ePsf] JolQm 1fgdf pknAw x'G5 .
o:tf] JolQm bk{0fh:tf] lgd{n eP/ l:yt x'G5 . h:tf] zfGt cj:yfsf] hnfzodf ;"o{, rG›df
k|ltljlDat x'G5g\ To;/L g} lrQsf] sfdjf;gf zfGt ePkl5 lrQ klg hnfzosf] h:t} df}g
bk{0fsf] cj:yfdf x'G5 . Tof] bk{0fdf JolQmsf] ;fgf] Åbodf lj/f6\ k/dfTdf k|ltkmlnt x'G5 . lj/f6\
t cgGt / c;Ld 5 t/ eQmsf] ;fgf] Åbo klg sfdgf/lxt x'g] lalQs} pm ToxfF tTsfn
k|ltkmlnt x'G5 . o:tf] sfdgf / jf;gf/lxt Åbo ePsf] eQm h;n] cg'ejaf6 hfg]sf] 5, To:tf]
JolQmnfO{ kl08t elgG5 t/ s]xL ghfGg]x¿ cfkm"eGbf a9L ;"rgf ;ª\u|x ug]{ JolQmnfO{ kl08t
7fGb5g\ . >Ls[i0fsf] o; egfOn] kl08tnfO{ b'O{ txdf ljefhg u/]sf] 5 . Pp6f ;"rgf ;ª\sng
u/]/ 1fgL ePsf] ldYof kl08t h;;Fu afFlwPsf] pQ/ dfq 5 . o:tf] kl08t;“+u cfˆgf] cg'ejsf]
pQ/ geP/ s]jn j]b, pklgifb\, s[i0f, a'4sf jrgnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpg] sfd dfq ub{5g\ . bf];|f] k|sf/sf
kl08t cfˆgf] cg'ejaf6 k/dfTdfnfO{ hfg]/ p;sf] ;+:kz{ ub}{ s[i0f / ;TonfO{ hfGb5g\ . To:tf
JolQmnfO{ 1fgLhg kl08t eGb5g\ .
ToSTjf sd{kmnf;Ë+ lgTot[Ktf] lg/f>oM .
sd{0olek|j[Qf]˜lk g}j lsl~rTs/f]lt ;M ..@)..
h'g k'?if ;d:t sd{df / To;sf] kmndf cf;lQmnfO{ ;b}j Tofu u/]/ ;+;f/sf] cf>o/lxt
ePsf] 5 / k/dfTdf lgTo lrQ 5, pm sd{df nfu]/ klg sd{ ul//x]sf] x'bF }g ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] r]tgf k|fKt k'?if ;+;f/sf] cf>odf cfglGbt x'Fb}g / o:tf] JolQmsf]
cfgGbsf] ;|f]t k/dfTdf dfq x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm ;+;f/sf sf/0f ;'vL geP/ csf/0f g} ;'vL x'G5 .
xfd|f] d:tL ;w}+ sf/0f;lxt cfpF5 . xfd|f] ;'v aflx/af6 cfpg] x'Fbf s]xL If0f klg gl6s]/ of] b'v
aGb5 . ;+;f/df cfl>t ;'v If0fe/ eGbf a9L x'Fb}g lsgeg]] ;+;f/ g} If0fe/eGbf Hofbf x'Fb}g .
;+;f/df ;'v cfPsf] x'Fb}g, labf eOxfN5 . Pshgf sljn] cfˆgf sljtfsf b'O{ klQmdf o;sf] j0f{g
u/]sf 5g\ hxfF clnslt zAb cnu ug]{ jf 5'6\6\ofpg] lalQs} klª\Stsf] cy{ ablnPsf] 5 . klxnf]
klª\St …j;Gt cfuofÚ / bf];|f] klª\St 5 …j;Gt cf uofÚ . ;+;f/sf] If0f eª\u"/tf o:t} x'G5, ;'v
klg o:t} x'G5 . …;'v cfuof cyf{t\ tTsfn …;'v cf uof x'G5Ú . xfdLnfO{ dx;'; klg geO{sg
bf];|f] klª\St cfO;S5 .

nf]suLtf– 145
cWofo–$
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] JolQmsf] ;'v ;+;f/df cfl>t geP/ cgfl>t, csf/0f / lgM;t{
x'G5 . o:tf] JolQmsf] cfgGb sxLFaf6 cfpFb}g . Tof] cfgGb cfkm“}+af6 cfpF5 / ;bfsf nflu /xG5 .
cfkm}+af6 cfpg'sf] cy{ a|Xdaf6 cfpg' xf] hf] zfZjt x'G5 ;+;f/ h:tf] If0feª\u"/ x'Fb}g . o:tf]
JolQmsf] cfgGb a|Xdaf6 csf/0f g} al;{G5 . o:tf] JolQm slt a]nf xfF:g Pjd\ gfRg yfN5 s]xL
yfxf x'Fb}g . pm leq cfgGbsf] ;|f]t x'G5 hf] csf/0f g} km'6\b5 . cl:tTjdf b'O{ k|sf/sf] cf>o
x'G5– Pp6f k/f>o / csf]{ :j–cf>o x'G5 . k/f>oaf6 k|fKt ;'v s'g} klg If0f b'v aGg ;S5 .
:j–cf>oaf6 k|fKt ;'v a|Xdaf6 k|fKt x'g] x'Fbf zfZjt x'G5≤ To;sf af/]df >Ls[i0fn] o; Znf]sdf
;Í]t ug{'ePsf] 5 .
sd{sf] cledfg ;'v kfpFbf k|fKt x'G5 lsgeg] sd{sf] cledfg ;kmntfsf] cledfg xf] .
c¿af6 ;'v k|fKt ug{' ;kmntf xf] / ;kmn x'g] lalQs} JolQm cledfgn] el/G5 . o;/L rfF8} g}
el/Psf] cledfg km'6\b5 / ;kmntf cGttM ljkmntfsf] åf/ aGg k'U5 . hf] JolQm cledfgn]
el/G5, Tof] Pslbg g/fd|f];Fu km'6\5 . t/ hf] :jod\;Fu jf a|Xd;Fu hf]l8G5 Tof] k/;Fu c;DalGwt
x'G5 / cledfg/lxt x'G5 . cledfgnfO{ xfdL :j;Fu ;DalGwt 7fGb5f}+“ t/ cledfg ;bf k/;Fu
;DalGwt x'G5 . PSnf]df cledfg x'g ;Sb}g . o:fsf nflu csf]{ JolQm rflxG5 . cledfg k/fl>t
efj xf] . hf] JolQm :jod\sf] d"n ;|f]t;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 To:tf] JolQmdf s'g} cledfg x'Fb}g .
cxª\sf/ / cledfgn] o'Qm ;'v Ifl0fs / ?U0f ;'v xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– :jod\;Fu ;DalGwt
JolQm sd{sf] cledfgn] el/Fb}g / o:tf] k'?if sd{ ubf{ klg cstf{ Pjd\ ;a} sd{sf] aflx/ x'G5 .
p;nfO{ sd{sf] hut\ clegosf] hut\ x'G5 . of] sd{sf lar csd{ / xf]; Pjd\ ;fIfL efjsf]
cj:yf xf] .
lg/fzLo{tlrQfTdf ToQm;j{kl/u|xM .
zf/L/+ s]jn+ sd{ s'j{GgfKgf]lt lslNaifd\ ..@!..
h;n] cGt:s/0f / OlGb|o;lxt z/L/nfO{ lht]sf] 5 / h;n] ef}lts j:t'k|ltsf] :jfldTjsf]
efjnfO{ klg kl/Tofu u/]sf] 5, To:tf] cfzf/lxt JolQmn] s]jn hLjg lgjf{xsf nflu dfq sd{ ub{5
eg] p;n] s'g} k|sf/sf kfkk"0f{ kmn kfpFb}g ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] cfzf, cfsfª\Iff Pjd\ eljiosf] kmnsf] :kz{ 5f]8\b5 / cledfgsf]
Tofu u/]/ cfjZos sd{ cyf{t\ z/L/sf] cfjZostf cg';f/sf] sd{ ub{5 eg] p;n] s'g} kfkk"0f{
kmn kfpFb}g . h:tf] ls ef]s nfUbf vfgf vfg], lg›f nfUbf ;'Tg] cflb sfo{ ul//xG5 . o:tf]
JolQmn] z/L/nfO{ cfjZos x'g] sd{ dfq ub{5≤ To;}n] pm sd{aGwgdf kb{}g . s[i0f, a'4, dxfjL/
klg c¿ h:t} ef]hg ug{'x'G5, lxF8\g'x'G5, ;'Tg'x'G5 / j:q nufpg'x'G5 cyf{t\ hf] cfjZos sd{ xf]
Tof] ug{'x'G5 . xfdLn] ef]hg ubf{ ef]hg dfq ub}{gf}+“ xhf/f“}+ sfdgf, ;kgfsf] dxn xfd|f] dgn]
agfO/xG5 t/ s[i0f h:tf] JolQmn] ef]hg ubf{ s]jn ef]hg dfq ug'{x'G5 . s[i0f h:tf] JolQm h]
ug{'x'G5 Tof] k"/f ug{'x'G5 . ToxfF pxfFsf] k"0f{ pkl:ylt /xG5 . hf] JolQm xf];k"j{s ef]hg ub{5,
p;sf] ef]hg ;Dos\ ef]hg x'G5 . a]xf];Ldf ul/Psf] ef]hg Hofb} w]/} jf Hofb} sd ul/G5 hf]
;Dos\ ef]hg x'Fb}g . z/L/ cGwf] ePsfn] p;nfO{ ef]hgsf] s'g} cGbfh g} x'Fb}g . c;Dos\n] afFWb5
/ ;Dos\n] slxNo} klg aGwgsf] sfd ub}{g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] xf];df hfu]sf] k'?if z/L/sf] cfjZostfnfO{ hfg]/ xf];k"j{s sd{
ub{5 / afFlwb}g . z/L/sf cfjZos sd{nfO{ xf];k"j{s ;Dos\ ¿kn] h;n] ub{5 To:tf] JolQm
sd{sf] aGwgdf kb}{g / pm sd{ ubf{ub}{ klg d'Qm x'G5 . o:tf] JolQmnfO{ s]xL s'/fn] klg afFWg

nf]suLtf– 146
 cWofo–$
;Sb}g . hf] JolQm xf];df cyf{t\ ;fIfL efjdf x'G5 Tof] JolQm dfWod dfq x'G5 . o:tf] JolQmn]
z/L/sf nflu cfjZos sd{ dfq ub{5 . xf];df afFRg] JolQmx¿sf nflu cgfjZos a:t'x¿ :jtM
x6\g yfN5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cfjZos sd{ hf] JolQmn] ub{5 p;sf cgfjZos sd{ / j:t'x¿
:jtM x6\b5g\ / o:tf] sd{af6 JolQm s'g} klg aGwgdf gk/L d'Qm x'G5 .
z/L/sf] k|1f oflGqs x'G5 . Pp6f JolQmsf] z/L/df rln/x]sf] sfdsf] lx;fan] sf/vfgf
agfpg' k/]df bz ju{ldnsf] If]qkmnsf] cfjZostf x'G5 eg]/ z/L/zf:qLx¿ eGb5g\ . z/L/sf]
a'l4dQf cfˆg} k|sf/sf] x'G5 . olb z/L/sf] cfjZostfnfO{ JolQmn] xf];k"0f{ ¿kdf u/]g eg] z/L/
cfˆgf] cfbtaf6 oGqjt\ ;~rflnt x'G5 . dg'io a]xf];Ldf g} afFRg] x'gfn] z/L/n] oflGqs
Joj:yfnfO{ canDag u5{ h'g aGwgsf] sf/0f xf] . xf];k"0f{ JolQmn] k|To]s s[To ubf{ yfxf kfP/
dfq ub{5≤ t;y{ p;nfO{ s'g} cfbtn] klqmFb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– :joDf\nfO{ lht]/ ;'v
;'lawfnfO{ h;n] 5f]8\b5 Tof] JolQmnfO{ s'g} aGwg x'Fb}g . j:t'x¿nfO{ lhTg] k|j[lQsf] JolQmn]
cflv/df cfkm"nfO{ g} x/fpF5 . a'l4dfg\ JolQmn] j:t'nfO{ xf]Og :jod\nfO{ lhTg vf]Hb5 .
cfTdljhoeGbf 7'nf] s'g} ljho 5}g . o:tf] JolQm :jod\nfO{ lht]/ hLjgdf cgfjZos a:t'x¿af6
d'Qm eP/ cledfg/lxt x'G5 / sd{ ubf{ub}{ klg csd{df afFRb5 . ;a} h?/L sd{ ubf{ub}{ klg
p;nfO{ s'g} sd{sf] /]vfn] 5'Fb}g .
ob[R5fnfe;Gt'i6f] åGåftLtf] ljdT;/M .
;dM l;4fjl;4f} r s[Tjflk g lgaWot] ..@@..
:jtM k|fKt ePsf j:t'x¿af6 ;Gt'i6 /xg], t]/f] d]/f] h:tf å}t efjaf6 d'Qm, O{iof{/lxt, xif{–
zf]saf6 ctLt ePsf] o:tf] l;l4 / cl;l4df klg ;defj /fVg ;Sg] sd{of]uL sd{ u/]/ klg
sd{kmn jf aGwgaf6 afFlwFb}g ..
h] k|fKt 5 To;df ;Gt'i6 x'g] / åGåaf6 kf/ ePsf] JolQm sd{ ubf{ ub}{ klg sd{af6
afFlwFb}g . lrQ t k|fKt j:t'df c;Gt'i6 x'G5 / ck|fKt j:t'sf] rfxgf u5{ / Tof] k|fKt ePdf cem
a9Lsf] sfdgf u5{ . lrQ / c;Gtf]if Ps} s'/fsf b'O{ gfd x'g\ . ;Gtf]if x'g] lalQs} lrQ / dg b'j}
labf x'G5g\ . dg ;bf gkfPsf] s'/fsf] sfdgfdf afFRb5 / h] kfPsf] 5}g To;df ;Gtf]if vf]Hb5 eg]
h] kfPsf] 5 To;df c;Gtf]if /xG5 . c;Gtf]if ;bf lIflthh:tf] x'G5 . k/af6 x]bf{ Pp6} hf]l8P
h:tf] x'G5 / glhsaf6 x]bf{ emg\ k/ x'G5 . lrQ ;bf eljiodf k|fKt x''g] ;Gtf]ifsf] e|ddf afFRb5 .
>Ls[i0f lrQsf] bzfsf] l7s pN6f] s'/f eGg'x'G5– hf] k'?if h] k|fKt ePsf] 5 To;df ;Gt'i6
ePdf sd{aGwgn] afFlwFb}g . hlt 7'nf] ck]Iff x'G5 plt g} w]/} c;Gtf]if kfpF5 . ck]Iff gePsf]
JolQm h] k|fKt x'G5 To;sf nflu k/dfTdfk|lt s[t1 x'G5 . ck]Iffz"Go ePdf c;Gtf]if k"0f{¿kdf
d]l6G5 . ck]Iff/lxt k'?if h] k|fKt x'G5 To;df g} ;Gt'i6 x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm h] k|fKt x'G5 To;nfO{
wGo Pjd\ cxf]efUo 7fGb5 . wGojfbsf] efj To; JolQmdf x'g ;S5 h;sf] ck]Iffz"Go x'G5 . of]
/x:o yfxf x'g] JolQmnfO{ k|fKt ;Gtf]ifsf] s'g} ;Ldf x'Fb}g .
Pshgf afbzfxsf] Pp6f hf]uL kmls/;Fu o:tf] k|]d lyof] ls afbzfx tL hf]uLnfO{ ;Fu}
;'tfpFy] . cfkm"nfO{ vfgf h] k|fKt eP klg klxn] Tof] hf]uLnfO{ lbP/ dfq cfkm" vfGy] . Pslbg
b'j}hgf l;sf/ v]Ng uP / hËndf af6f] x/fPsfn] lbgel/sf] ef]s–Kof;df lyP . vfgsf lglDt
hËndf s]xL klg pknAw lyPg . aNntNn ;fFemkv Pp6f ?vdf Pp6f kmn e]l6of] . afbzfxn]
Tof] kmn tf]8]/ rf/ 6'qmf u/] / klxnf] 6'qmf hf]uLnfO{ lbP . hf]uLn] csf]{ 6'qmf klg dfu] / afbzfxn]
bf];|f] 6'qmf klg lbP . hf]uLn] cfxf s:tf] ld7f] /x]5 egL t];|f] 6'qmf dfu] / afbzfxn] t];|f] 6'qmf klg

nf]suLtf– 147
cWofo–$
lbP . hf]uLn] rf}yf] 6'qmf klg vf];]/ vfg vf]h] . To;a]nf afbzfxn] eg] of] t clt eof] d klg t
ef]s} 5' . ;d|f6\n] Tof] kmn vf];]/ d'vdf /fv] t/ Tof] kmn lttf] ljif;dfg lyof] . ;d|f6\n] Tof] kmn
y'Sb}, ltdL kfun t 5}gf}+ lsg o;/L kmn ld7f] 5 eg]/ vfPsf] eg]/ ;f]w] . hf]uLn] eg]– h'g
xftaf6 ;w“}+ ld7f] kmn vfg kfPsf] 5', To;sf] xftaf6 Ps 6'qmf lttf] kmnsf] u''gf;f] u/]F eg]
o;eGbf s[t£gtf s]xL x'g ;Sb}g .
o:tf] JolQm ;Gt'i6 x'g ;S5 . xfdL;Fu h] 5 To;nfO{ uDeL/ eP/ x]g]{ xf] eg] Tof]
k/dfTdfn] rflxg] eGbf w]/} a9L lbPsf] 5 . h] 5}g To;sf] kl5 dfq b[li6 bf}8fpg] xf] eg] h] kfPsf]
5 Tof] slxn] klg b]lvFb}g . h] 5}g To;nfO{ dgn] rfxgf u5{ h;af6 c;Gtf]if k}bf x'G5 . ;kgf
c;Gtf]ifsf] lap xf] / JolQmx¿ sNkgfsf] sf/0f c;Gt'i6 5g\ . h] k|fKt 5 To;df hf] JolQm
;Gt'i6 x'G5 To:tf] JolQm k/dfTdfk|lt cg'u|lxt eP/ åGåaf6 kf/ x'G5 . xfd|f] ;f/f hLjg g} åGån]
el/Psf] 5 . xfdL b'O{df g} afFRb5f}+ . h;;Fu k|]d u5f}{+ To;};Fu 3[0ff klg u5f}{+ . dgf]j}1flgsx¿n]
klg o; tYonfO{ :jLsf/ ul/;s] ls xfdL h;nfO{ k|]d u5f}{+ To;}nfO{ 3[0ff klg u5f}{+ . xfd|f] dg
åGådf 5, To;}n] xfdL h;nfO{ dg k/fpF5f“}+ To;}nfO{ dg k/fpFb}gf}+“ . h;;Fu xfdL cfslif{t x'G5f}+“
To;};Fu ljslif{t klg x'G5f“}+ . h;;Fu xfdL ldqtf a9fpF5f}+“, To;};Fu xfdL zq'tf klg kfN5f“}+ . oL
b'j} xfdL Ps};fy u5f}{+ .
s'g} klg JolQmn] rf}la;} 306f k|]d ug{ ;Sb}g . Ps If0f k|]d u5{ csf]{ If0f 3[0ff u5{ . k"/f
lbg k|]d / 3[0ffsf] v]n rN5 . hf]k|lt cfb/ x'G5 p;}k|lt cgfb/ klg xfdL kfN5f}+ . h;nfO{
km"ndfnf nufpF5f}+ p;}nfO{ s'g} lbg 9'Ëf klg ˆofFS5f}+ . Pp6f gsf/fTds OR5f ba]/ k|tLIff
ul//x]sf] x'G5 / s'g} lbg axfgf vf]h]/ Tof] OR5f aflxl/G5 . xfd|f] dg k|ltkn bf]xf]/f] 5 . dg ;bf
åGå / ljsNkdf afFR5 . h] xfdL u5f}{+ To;sf lj?4df dg k"/f ;do s]xL g s]xL elg/x]sf] x'G5 .
dg slxn] klg zt k|ltzt x'Fb}g . Ps lx:;f ;bf lj/f]wdf x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yf /xg] ePsfn]
JolQm ;bf åGådf x'G5 . dgf]j}1flgsx¿ o:tf] dgnfO{ l;hf]k|m]lgof eG5g\ . s'g} JolQmn] k|z+;f
u¥of] eg] ha;Dd Tof] JolQmn] lgGbf ub}{g ta;Dd ;Gt'ng sfod x'g ;Sb}g . k|mfo8n] eg]sf
5g\, k|uf9 ldqtf ePsf JolQmx¿n] klg Ps csf{sf] lj/f]wdf lbPsf k|ltlqmof ;'g]df o; hut\df
s'g} klg ldqtf l6Sg ;Sb}g . o;sf] sf/0f dg ;bf g} kl/k"lt{ vf]H5 . p;sf] csf]{ lx:;f cfˆgf]
dfu k"/f u/ eg]/ dfu ub{5 . of] åGåsf] cj:yf ;txdf klg x'G5 / ulx/fOdf klg x'G5 . leq
ulx/fOdf klg ;bf å}t rln/xG5 . lbgel/ OdfGfbf/Ldf /xg] JolQmn] ;kgfdf rf]/L u/]sf] b]V5 .
lbgel/ ug{ gkfPsf] s'/f /fqLdf kl/k"/s eP/ k"/f u5{ . xfd|f] lrQ clgjfo{ ¿kdf åGåftLt,
(Dialectical) 5 . hf] JolQm hLjge/ gfl:ts x'G5 Tof] dg{'cl3 cfl:ts x'G5 lsgeg]] hLjge/
;'if'Kt /x]sf] Ps lx:;f k|s6 x'g rfxG5 . To;}n] ljZjf;L JolQm cljZjf;L x'G5 .
o; hut\df ;f/f lrh åGåftLt / w|'jLo 5, dg klg l7s o:t} x'G5 . olb huTf\df k|sfz
x/fof] eg] cFWof/f] lans'n /xg] 5}g . olb hGd ;dfKt eof] eg] d[To' ;dfKt x'g] 5 lsgeg]] hGd
g} ePg eg] s;sf] d[To' x'g] . o:t} olb d[To' /f]lsof] eg] hGd klg /f]Sg'k5{ . lrlsT;flj1fgsf]
pGgltn] ;+;f/af6 d[To'sf] b/nfO{ lgoGq0f u/]sf] x'gfn] xfdL hGddf lgoGq0f ug{'kg]{ cj:yfdf
5f}+“ . lhGbuL lj/f]wx¿sf larsf] ;Gt'ng xf] / hLjg lj/f]waf6 rNb5 . ;f/f hLjg åGå xf] /
o;sf] cfwf/ dg xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] JolQm b'O{sf] kf/ cyf{t\ åGåtLt x'G5 ToxL JolQm
sd{sf] aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . To;}n] h;n] b'O{sf] kf/ dgnfO{ hfGb5 ToxL JolQm kf/ x'g ;S5 . hf]

nf]suLtf– 148
 cWofo–$
JolQm k|]d / 3[0ffsf] 1ftf 5 ToxL JolQm o;af6 kf/ x'g ;S5 . ;fIfLsf af/]df hfgsf/L eof] eg]
b'O{af6 kf/ x'g ;lsG5 . dgsf] åGåsf] aflx/ ToxL JolQm x'g ;S5 h;nfO{ ;fIfLsf] :d/0f x'G5 .
;'v of b'v cfpFbf d Tof] ;'v jf b'v xf]Og eGg] hfGg h?/L 5 . ;'v–b'v, k|]d–3[0ff,
ldqtf–zq'tf, xf/–lht, ;Ddfg–ckdfg cfpF5 clg hfG5≤ oL ;a} åGå x'g\ . of] ;a} åGbeGbf cnu
h;n] ;fIfL x'F eGg] hfGb5 pm åGåsf] kf/ eP/ åGåftLt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] åGåsf] kf/
x'G5 pm ;Dk"0f{ sd{sf] aGwgaf6 kf/ x'G5 . jf:tjdf aGwg åGåsf] dfq x'G5 / lgå{Gå :jtGq
x'G5 . k[ystfsf] af]w / ;fIfLsf] efjn] åGåaf6 kf/ u/fpF5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û hf]
JolQm h] k|fKt 5 To;df t[Kt Pjd\ åGåsf] kf/ 5 eg] pm sd{ ubf{ub}{ klg sd{sf] aGwgdf
afFlwFb}g .
ut;Ë:o d'Qm:o 1fgfjl:ytr]t;M .
o1fofr/tM sd{ ;du|+ k|ljnLot] ..@#..
h;sf] ;a} k|sf/sf cf;lQm gi6 ePsf] 5, hf] b]xfledfg / ddtfaf6 /lxt 5, h;sf] lrQ
lg/Gt/ k/dfTdfsf] 1fgdf l:yt x'G5 o:tf] s]jn o1;Dkfbgsf nflu sd{ ug]{ JolQmsf] ;Dk"0f{ sd{
lgZro ljnLg x'G5 ..
cf;lQm/lxt 1fgk"j{s sd{ ug]{ k'?ifsf ;d:t sd{aGwg IfL0f x'G5g\ / k/tGqtf ;dfKt
eP/ cf;lQmsf] tfbfTDoaf6 d'Qm x'G5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . cf;lQm/lxtsf] cy{ xf] o; hut\df
d]/f] sf]xL klg 5}g . d]/f] ddŒjsf] efj g} d]/f] cf;lQm xf] . d]/f] 3/, d]/f] kl/jf/, d]/f] zf:q, d]/f]
wd{ of] ;a} cf;lQm xf] . d]/f] k/dfTdf klg cf;lQm xf] . hxfF hxfF d]/f] hf]l8G5 ToxfF ToxfF cf;lQm
hf]l8G5 / hxfF d]/f] ;dfKt x'G5 ToxLF cf;lQm labf x'G5 . ddTj x6\g] lalQs} JolQm cf;lQm/lxt
eP/ a|Xddf k|j]z u5{ . hut\df d]/f] efj olt;Dd x'G5 ls d]/f] zf:q, wd{, dlGb/sf sf/0f b'O{
d]/f]df le8Gt x'G5 / n8fOF ;'? x'G5 . of] d]/f] eGg] efj ta;Dd d]l6Fb}g ha;Dd …dÚ eGg] efj
leq s]G›df x'G5 . d]/f] eGg] efj efu]/ hxfF uP klg cfk"m;Fu g} /xG5 . Tof] d]/f] 3/af6 d]/f]
dlGb/, cf>d cflbdf ¿kfGt/0f dfq x'G5 . of] cf;lQm cxª\sf/sf] ljs]G›Ls/0f xf] . h'g d]/f]
efj;Fu JolQm cf;Qm x'G5 To;;Fu p;sf] tfbfTDo hf]l8G5 . ha d]/f] eGg] efj x6\5 ta p;n]
cfkm"nfO{ cw'/f] dx;'; u5{≤ To;}n] JolQm …dÚ nfO{ lj:tf/ ul//xG5 .
>Ls[i0fsf] egfO cg';f/ cf;lQm/lxt sd{ ug{'sf] cy{ o:tf] sd{ xf] h;n] …d]/f]Ú lgdf{0f
ub}{g . p;sf] hLjg s;};Fu klg tfbfTDo :yfkgf ub}{g . p;df sxL+“ klg ulx/fOdf d]/f] eGg] efj
x'Fb}g / …d]/f]Ú /lxt eP/ afFRb5 . o:tf] d]/f] /lxt cyf{t\ cf;lQm /lxt hLjg o1 aGb5 / k"/f
hLjg Pp6f kljq xjg x'G5 . x] ch{'g Û o:tf k'?ifsf] ;f/f aGwg IfL0f x'G5 lsgeg]] aGwgsf]
hGdbftf g} …d]/f]Ú efj xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ha s'g} JolQm cf;lQm/lxt eP/ …d]/f]Ú efjaf6
5'6\b5 tj p;sf] hLjg o1 eP/ kljq x'G5 . cf;lQmsf] hfn 6'6\g]lalQs} d]/f] efj / tfbfTDosf]
efj ;dfKt x'G5 clg o:tf] JolQmn] h;/L sd{ u/] klg, h] u/] klg / h;/L afFr] klg s'g} aGwg
lgdf{0f x'Fb}g . z"Go h:tf] u/]/ o:tf] JolQm afFRb5 .
a|Xdfk{0f+ a|Xd xlja{|XdfUgf} a|Xd0ff x'td\ .
a|Xd}j t]g uGtJo+ a|Xdsd{;dflwgf ..@$..
o1 cflbdf ck{0f ul/Psf xft, ;'/f], of]Uob|Jo cflb kbfy{, clUgdf ck{0f ul/Psf l3p, r?
cflb j:t' a|Xd x'g\ . stf{åf/f a|Xd¿k clUgdf cfx'lt lbg] ¿k lqmof klg a|Xd xf] / To; a|Xdsd{df
l:yt /xg] of]uLåf/f k|fKt x'g] of]Uo kmn klg a|Xd xf] ..

nf]suLtf– 149
cWofo–$
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o; hut\sf] ;Dk"0f{ cl:tTjdf h] 5, Tof] ;a} a|Xd xf] . t/ of] cj:yf d
efjsf] lj;h{gkl5 dfq b]lvG5 . d labf x'g] lalQs} cl:tTj g} a|Xd x'G5 . o; hut\df a|Xd
l;jfo c¿ s]xL klg 5}g . ha d klg a|Xddf ;dflxt x'G5' clg >Ls[i0fsf] of] egfO a'‰g
;lsG5 . hut\df b'O{ k|sf/sf cg'ej x'G5g\ . Pp6f …dÚ sf] cg'ej h;sf nflu of] jrg ;/f;/
unt nfUg] 5 lsgeg]] …dÚ efjsf] JolQmn] sxLF s'g} a|Xd b]Vb}g . cxª\sf/n] o:tf] JolQmnfO{ cGwf]
agfpF5 / p;n] a|XdnfO{ cg'ej ug{ ;Sb}g . csf]{ >Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePh:tf] o1 xjgsf] ljlw, aNg]
clUg, r9fPsf] cfx'lt, r9fOg] j:t' / xjgdf p¢f]if ug]{ JolQm klg a|Xd x'g\ . of] ;a} a|Xdsf]
cg'ej cxª\sf/sf] cGwf]kg 6'6]kl5 dfq x'G5 . To;eGbf cl3 t æd g} x'F / afFsL ;a} d]/f ;fwg
x'g\Æ eGg] nfUb5 . ;a} s'/f …dÚ efjsf] s]G›df 3'd]sf] x'G5 . cf;lQm/lxt JolQmnfO{ ;f/f
cl:tTjdf h] 5 Tof] ;a}df a|Xdsf] cg'ej x'g yfN5 .
cxª\sf/ / a|Xd b'j} Ps;fy x'g ;Sb}gg\ . a|Xdsf] cg'ej cEof; cyjf k|of;af6 x'Fb}g of]
cg'ej t cxª\sf/sf] lj;h{gaf6 dfq ;Dej x'G5 . cxª\sf/sf]] lj;h{g x'g] lalQs} o:tf]
JolQmnfO{ ;a} s'/fdf a|Xdsf] cg'ej x'g yfN5 . …dÚ ;dfKt x'g] lalQs} …dÚ klg a|Xddf g} ljnLg
x'G5 / a|Xd g} s0f s0f xf] eGg] cg''ej x'G5 . o; cj:yfdf O{Zj/ / a|Xd b'j} Ps} x'G5 / s'g}
klg b"/L /xFb}g . h'g If0f a|Xdsf] dfq cg'ej x'G5 To;}If0f ;a} aGwgx¿ :jtM ;dfKt x'G5g\ .
To; If0f ldq, zq', b'v, /f]u ;a} k/dfTdf x'G5g\ .
Ps hgf ;'kmL kmls/sf] 5ftLdf 3fp eof] / 3fp olt ulx/f] eof] ls To;df sL/f g} k/] .
lhGbuLe/ pgL gdfh k9\g dl:hbdf hfGy] / ha 3fpdf sL/f k/] taaf6 pgn] dl:hb hfg
5f]l8lbP . l5d]sLx¿n] eg]– s] sflkm/ x'g nfUof}, s] clGtd ;dodf cfˆgf] lhGbuL laufg{
rfxG5f}, gdfh dl:hbdf uO{ gk9]/ s] bf]hsdf cyf{t\ gs{df kg{' 5 . TfL ;'kmL kmls/n] eg]–
gdfh t d clxn] klg k9\5' t/ dl:hb hfg ;lSbgF lsgeg]] gdfhdf em'Sg'k5{ / em'Sbfv]l/ d]/f]
3fpdf ePsf ls/fx¿ tn emb{5g\ clg logLx¿nfO{ km]l/ p7fP/ 3fpdf /fVg'k5{ . slxn]sfxLF
logLx¿nfO{ rf]6 nfUb5 / slt t o:tf] ubf{ db{5g\ . clg l5d]sLn] eg] ls/fsf nflu lsg olt
b'vL ePsf] ltdL < kmls/n] eg]– ls/fsf] nflu xf]Og d]/f nflu g} d lrlGtt ePsf] 5' lsgeg]]
ls/f klg d g} x'F . ls/f / d cnu xf]Og Ps} xf}+ eGg] k|s[lt ePsf] JolQmn] >Ls[i0fsf] of] ;"qnfO{
hfGg] 5g\ . of] a|Xdsf] efj x'gsf nflu o:t} k|s[lt x'g'k5{ . o; Znf]ssf] cy{ ;Dk"0f{ s'/f Pp6fsf]
g} lj:tf/ xf], b'O{sf] t e|flGt dfq xf] .
>Ls[i0fn] o; ;Gbe{df åGåftLt, åGåsf] kf/ x'g] cj:yfaf/] eGg'ePsf] 5 lsgeg]] ha;Dd
leqsf] åGå x6\b}g, ta;Dd aflx/sf] åGå klg x6\b}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] k'?if åGåftLt x'G5
p;sf nflu ;a} a|Xd x'G5 . leqsf] v08 ;dfKt eP/ Ps ePkl5 aflx/ klg Ps x'g yfN5 .
xfdL aflx/ ToxL b]V5f}“+ hf] xfdL leq 5 . To:t} xfdL ToxL vf]H5f}+“ h] xfdL leqaf6 5f}+“ . rf]/n]
rf]/nfO{ vf]H5, ;fw'n] ;fw'nfO{ vf]H5 . leq olb åGå 5 eg] aflx/ klg ToxL b]vfk5{ . leq h] x'G5
aflx/ ToxL k|ltkmlnt eP/ k|s6 x'G5 . ;+;f/ xfd|} lj:tf/ xf] . ha;Dd leq åGå /xG5 ta;Dd
;+;f/df klg åGå g} b]lvG5 .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] k'?if åGåftLt x'G5 To:tf] k'?ifnfO{ ;a}df a|Xdsf] cg'ej x'G5
clg hLjgsf] k/d lglw pknAw x'G5 . ;a}lt/ a|Xd g} cg'ej ePkl5 stf{ klg a|Xd g} x'G5, sd{
klg a|Xd g} x'G5, clg Zjf;leq hfFbf klg a|Xd g} leq hfG5, aflx/ cfpFbf klg a|Xd g} aflx/
cfpF5 . hGddf klg a|Xd g} hlGdG5 / d[To'df klg a|Xd g} labf x'G5 . p7\bf klg a|Xd p7\5,

nf]suLtf– 150
 cWofo–$
;'Tbf klg a|Xd g} lj>fd u5{ . ;a} sd{df a|Xdsf] g} t/Ë x'G5 . o:tf] JolQmsf] sd{ a|Xd¿kL
x'G5 / ;dflwnfO{ pknAw x'G5 . lrGtf, eo, c;'/Iff, tgfj ;a} ;dfKt eP/ ;a} sd{ ;xh x'G5 .
o:tf ;fwssf] hLjgdf ;dflw pknAw x'G5 cyf{t\ ;dfwfg k|fKt x'G5 clg p;sf] hLjgdf kfpg
/ vf]Hg s]xL afFsL /xFb}g / p lgik|Zg x'G5 .
b}jd]jfk/] o1+ of]lugM ko{'kf;t] .
a|XdfUgfjk/] o1+ o1]g}jf]kh'Xjlt ..@%..
sltko of]uLx¿ o1åf/f b]jtfx¿sf] k"hf¿k o1sf] cg''i7fg ub{5g\ eg] sltko of]uLx¿
k/a|Xd k/dfTdf;Fu clUgdf ce]b bz{g¿k o1åf/f g} cfTd¿k o1sf] xjg ub{5g\ ..
wd{ cb[Zo / cfTolGtstf;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 . hLjgsf] lzv/sf] cg'ej;Fu wd{ ;DalGwt
x'G5 . uxg cg'ej zAbaf6 JoQm ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 . To;}n] wd{ k|tLsfTds jf ;Í]tfTds x'G5 .
cfTolGts cg'ejnfO{ a'‰g] efiffdf JoQm ug{sf nflu s'g} k|tLssf] r'gfj ug{'k5{ h'g ;Í]t
cleJolQm aGb5 . hf] of] k|tLs jf ;Í]tdf g/f]lsP/ o;af6 kf/ x'G5g\ ltgLx¿ d''Qm x''G5g\ / hf]
of] k|tLsdf g} /f]lsG5g\ pgLx¿sf nflu of] ;Í]t cj/f]ws aGg ;S5 . k|tLsnfO{ h:fn] a'‰5g\
pgLx¿ o;nfO{ dfWod agfP/ o;af6 kf/ x'G5g\ / ga'‰g] JolQm o;df g} clNemP/ /f]lsG5g\ .
wd{sf s}of}+ kf/nf}lss cg'ejnfO{ atfpgsf nflu sltko k|tLsx¿ vf]Hg'k/]sf] 5 .
dg'iosf] cg'ejdf clUg ulx/f] k|tLs aGg ;S5 . clUgdf s}og\ ljz]iftfx¿ 5g\ klxnf]
ljz]iftf– clUgsf] nKsf ;bf dflylt/ axG5 . clUg ;bf pWj{ufdL x'G5 . dg'iosf] r]tgf ha
wfld{s x'g yfN5, ta r]tgf klg pWj{ufdL x'g yfN5 . To;}n] dg'io leqsf] r]tgfsf] pb\udsf]
k|tLs clUg aGg ;Sof] . csf]{ clUgsf] ljz]iftf clUgdf s'g} klg cz'4 lrh hn]/ gi6 x'G5 .
;'gnfO{ clUgdf xfNof] eg] cz'4 lrhx¿ hn]/ gi6 x'G5g\ / z'4 ;'g lgvfl/P/ aflx/ cfpF5 .
To:t} h;n] wd{sf] r]tgfsf] Hof]ltsf] cg'ej u/]sf 5g\ pgLx¿sf] cg'ejdf klg ;a} cz'l4 Tof]
Hof]ltdf hn]/ gi6 x'G5g\ / z'4 lgvfl/Psf] r]tgf dfq afFsL /xG5 eGg] 5 . o;af6 klg clUg
wd{sf] c¿ ulx/f] k|tLs aGg ;Sof] . t];|f] clUgsf] ljz]iftf nKsf jf Hjfnf s]xL k/;Dd dfq
b]lvG5 / Hjfnf cb[Zodf x/fpF5 . h;nfO{ r]tgfsf] pWj{udgsf] cg'ej ePsf] 5, pgLx¿nfO{
s]xL If0f;Dd d klg 5' eg]/ yfxf x'G5 . s]xL If0fkl5 …dÚ a|Xddf nLg x'G5 . clUgsf] Hjfnf
cfsfzdf ljnLg ePkl5 vf]Hg] s'/f ;f]Rg klg ;lsFb}g . To:t} hf] a|Xddf ljnLg x'G5 Tof] slxNo}
klg lkmtf{ x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] clUg ulx/f] k|tLs ag]sf] xf] .
ha klxnf] k6s clUg o1 aGof] ta clUg Pp6f ;"rs lyof] . clUgsf] Hof]lt ;bf
cfsfzlt/ k|jflxt eO/xG5 . cf>dsf lziox¿ cfkm"leqsf] r]tgfsf] Hof]ltnfO{ o;} u/L p7fpg]
:d/0f ul//xGy] . To;} u/L clUgdf xfNg] ;fdu|Lx¿ klg k|tLsfTds lyP . h'g cfkm"nfO{ ;dk{0f
ug]{, xjgsf] j]bLdf r9fpg] ;Demgfsf] nflu :d/0f Pjd\ :d[ltsf nflu lyof] . h;nfO{ Tof]
k|tLssf] :d/0f x'GYof] p;sf nflu Tof] clUg / xjg ljlw clUg dfq xf]Og r]tgfsf] Hof]ltsf] af]w
x'GYof] . >Ls[i0f h'g clUgsf af/]df eGb} x'g'x'G5, Tof] k|tLsfTds xf] / of] k|tLsnfO{ a'‰g ;Sof]
eg] k"/f hLjg g} o1 x'g] 5 . h;sf] :d/0faf6 ;d:t sd{ o1 aG5 p;sf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg cfx'lt
aGg] 5 . cfkm" :joDf\nfO{ xjgsf] s'08 7fg]/ ;a} s'/f To; s'08df ;dlk{t ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . cfkm"nfO{
s'08df xfn]/ k"0f{¿kdf cxª\sf/nfO{ hnfpg'k5{ .
xjgdf hf}+ jf wfg klg xflnPsf] x'G5, h'g csf]{ k|tLs xf] . hf}+, wfg lap x'g\ h;df clxn]
;a} s'/f n's]sf] 5, hf] k|s6 ePsf] 5}g . lap hldgdf /f]Kg] lalQs} k|s6 x'G5 cª\s'/fpF5 / Pp6f

nf]suLtf– 151
cWofo–$
lap s/f]8f}+ lap aGb5 . hf}+ jf wfg clUgdf cfx'lt lbg] k|tLs xfd|f] cxª\sf/;Fu ;fGble{s 5 h'g
xfdL leq lapsf] ¿kdf ljBdfg 5 . Tof] s/f]8f}+ lap aGg' eGbf cl3 g} To;nfO{ s'08df xfn]/
hnfOlbPdf Tof] cem k|uf9 eP/ km}lng] 5}g . cxª\sf/ lj/f6\ j[If h:tf] x'G5 hf] km}nL g} /xG5 .
To;}n] o;n] j[Ifsf] ¿k lng'cl3 hf}+ jf wfgsf] cfx'lt clUgdf xfn] h:tf] o;nfO{ r]tgfsf]
Hof]lt¿kL clUgn] hnfP/ e:d kf/]g eg] of] k|uf9tfn] km}lnG5 . To;}n] cxª\sf/nfO{ klg lap
ePs} cj:yfdf hnfP/ e:d kfg{' pko'Qm x'G5 . lapsf] k|tLs ¿k hf}+, wfg g} lgs6td k|tLs
x'g\ .
o1¿kL clUgdf l3p klg xflnG5 . l3pnfO{ clUgdf xfNg] lalQs} clUgsf] nKsf a9]/ tLj|,
k|v/ / k|Hjlnt x'G5 / To;n] clUgdf Tj/f NofpF5 . cGg xfNg] lalQs} clUgsf] Tj/f sd x'G5 /
clUgsf] ult IfL0f x'G5 lsgeg]] clUgsf] zlQm cGgnfO{ unfpgdf vr{ x'G5 / l3p xfNg]lalQs}
clUgsf] zlQm a9\b5 . o:t} hLjgsf] Hof]ltdf g/fd|f s'/fx¿nfO{ xfn]/ ;dfKt ug{sf nflu l3p
xfn]/ Tof] Hof]lt a9fpg'kg]{ x'G5 . l3p z'esf] lgs6td k|tLs xf] . l3p l:gUw 5 To;}n] l3psf]
Pp6f gfd :g]x / csf]{ gfd k|]d klg xf] ;fy} l3p k|s[ltaf6 l;wf k}bf x'Fb}g . cGg k|s[ltdf l;wf
k}bf x'G5, To;}n] cxª\sf/ nufotsf g/fd|f s'/f l;wf k}bf x'G5g\ . l3p aGgsf nflu b'wsf] 5fn
jf t/ hGdfpg 7'nf] kl/>d ug{'k5{ hf] l;wf hGdFb}+g .
w]/} b'waf6 yf]/} bxL aG5 / Tof] bxLnfO{ dy]/ yf]/} dfq l3p lg:sG5 . 7'nf] >daf6 yf]/}
l3p k}bf x'G5 . Tof] l3p z'esf] lgs6td k|tLs xf], dg'iosf] r]tgfn] o:t} l3pnfO{ hGd lbof] .
cz'enfO{ hLjgsf] r]tgfsf] Hof]ltdf xfNbf cz'e t hn]/ hfG5 t/ o;n] hLjgsf] r]tgfnfO{ IfL0f
u5{ . hn]/ klg cz'en] r]tgfnfO{ IfL0f u5{ . z'enfO{ hLjgsf] r]tgfdf xfNof}F eg] o;n] hLjgsf]
r]tgfnfO{ a9fpF5 . cGttM z'enfO{ klg hnfpg'kg]{ x'G5 / z'e hlt hN5, Hof]lt Tolt g} a9\5 .
z'enfO{ cGTodf ghnfPdf of] aGwg aGg ;S5 . l3p hlt hNb5 Tolt g} clUgsf] nKsfnfO{ zlQm
k|bfg u/]/ cfsfzlt/ bf}8fpF5 / cGtdf cfk"m hn]/ ;dfKt x'G5 . o1df xfn]sf] l3pn] jl/kl/ Ps
k|sf/sf] ;'jf; 5f]8\b5 To;}n] z'e ha hNb5, To;n] klg ;'uGw 5f]8\b5 . ;fw';Fu z'e x'G5 /
;Gt;Fu z'esf] ;'uGw dfq x'G5 . ;fw' clUgdf xflnPsf] l3p xf] / ;Gt hln;s]sf] l3p xf] .
To;}n] ;fw'nfO{ lrGg ;lhnf] x'G5, ;GtnfO{ lrGgnfO{ Tof] gf;fk'6 rflxG5 .
oL k|tLsx¿nfO{ o1df xfNg] JolQmnfO{ g} hLjgsf] r/d cg'ej x'G5 . o:tf] r]tgfn] g}
k/fTk/ a|XdnfO{ hfGg ;S5 . of] o1sf] k|tLsnfO{ hLjgsf] cg'ejdf ¿kfGt/0f gug]{ JolQmx¿n]
k|tLssf] cy{ g} ga'emL o;df g} clNem/xg] 5g\ . k|tLs ;bf kf/ x'gsf nflu x'G5, ha k|tLsaf6
sf]xL JolQm kf/ x'Fb}g clg ;Dk|bfo lgdf{0f x'G5 . hut\df ;fª\Vo / of]u b'O{ k|sf/sf lgi7fx¿
5g\ . To;}n] oL lgi7fx¿sf sf/0f wd{sf b'O{ ¿k x'G5g\ . ;fª\Vosf] lgi7fdf 1fg g} kof{Kt 5,
sd{sf] s'g} cfjZostf 5}g . of]usf] lgi7fdf sd{, ;fwgf / cEof;af6 dfq 1fg kmlnt x'G5 . ((
k|ltzt JolQm of]unfO{ g} a'‰g ;S5g\ . dg'io klg b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\– klxnf] sdf{led'v / bf];|f]
1fgfled'v . >Ls[i0f b'j} lgi7fx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ ug{'x'G5 . oL b'j} lgi7fx¿ ;xL 5g\ lsgeg]] dg'io
klg b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . To;}n] s[i0f o1sf ;Gbe{df klg b'O{ k|sf/sf lgi7fx¿sf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]uLhg k"hgaf6 / 1fgLhg 1fgaf6 g} sd{ u5{g\ . 1fgLx¿sf nflu 1fg g}
o1 xf] . of]uLx¿sf nflu ug{' g} hfGg' xf] / 1fgLsf nflu hfGg' g} ug{' xf] . oL b'j} Pp6} l;Ssfsf
b'O{ kf6f x'g\ . s[i0f 1fgL / of]uL b'j}nfO{ hfGg'x'G5 / b'j} dfu{sf af/]df lj1 x'g'x'G5 . pxfFsf nflu
b'j}df s'g} e]b 5}g .

nf]suLtf– 152
 cWofo–$
/fds[i0f k/dx+;n] s}of“}+ ztfAbLkl5 cgf}7f] k|of]u ug{'eof] . pxfFnfO{ ha 1fgsf] cg'ej
eof], ta /fds[i0fnfO{ Pp6f dfu{af6 lbJoHof]ltdf k'u]kl5 klg c¿ dfu{af6 wfddf k'Ug] ljrf/
cfof] . pxfFn] O:nfd, O;fO{, ;fª\Vo, of]u / elQmdfu{sf] klg ;fwgf ug{'eof] . ;a} k|of]u u/]/
cGtdf ;a} dfu{sf] lbJo wfd Pp6} /x]5 eGg] kfpg'eof] . /fds[i0fn] eGg'eof]– kxf8df r9\g] w]/}
af6fx¿n] cGttM lzv/df k'¥ofP em“}+ wd{sf] ;fwgfsf ljleGg dfu{n] klg cGtdf Pp6} wfddf
k'¥ofpFbf] /x]5 . ha pxfF O:nfdsf] ;'kmL ;fwgf ub}{ x'g'x'GYof], pxfFn] dlGb/ hfg 5f]l8lbg'eof] .
Pp6f n'ª\uL nufP/ 5 dlxgf dl:hbdf g} a:g yfNg'eof] . Ps lbg blIf0f]Zj/ dlGb/df cfP/
sfnL dftfsf] d"lt{nfO{ eGg'eof] ToxL k'u]+ hxfF of] dlGb/n] k'¥ofof] . ha pxfF /fwf;Dk|bfosf] ;fwgf
ug{'x'GYof], hxfF s[i0f dfq s]jn k'?if c¿ ;a} :qL x'G5g\, ToxfF ;a}n] cfkm"nfO{ /fwf dfGb5g\ .
/fds[i0f ha cfkm"nfO{ /fwf dfg]/ ;fwgf ug{'x'GYof], ta /fds[i0fsf] rfn :qL h:tf] x'g yfNof] .
pxfFsf :tg a9]/ :qLsf h:t} 7'nf eP/ cfjfh klg dw'/ eof] . cem cfZro{sf] s'/f t pxfFnfO{
dfl;s wd{ klg x'g yfNof] . /fds[i0f o:tf] efjn] el/g'eof] ls pxfF /fwf g} x'g'eof] . pxfFn]
o;nfO{ o;/L cfTd;\ft\ ug{'eof] ls dgn] k'?if x'F eGg] e'n]/ z/L/nfO{ kl5 nufpg'eof] . z/L/ ;bf
cg'ufdL x'G5 . z/L/df h] k|s6 x'G5 Tof] leq klxn] lap ¿kdf dgdf k|s6 x'G5 . :qL / k'?if x'g'
klg p;sf] klxnf] s'g} hGdsf] lap¿kL cª\s'/sf] g} kl/0ffd xf] .
uLtf s}of}+ cy{df c;fwf/0f 5, >Ls[i0fn] s}of}+“ dfu{sf] rrf{ uLtfdf ug{'ePsf] 5 . s'/fg,
afOan, wDdkb, dxfjL/ jf0fL ;a} Ps lgi7fsf dfq zf:q x'g\ . t/ uLtf cb\e't 5, dg'iosf]
hLjgdf hlt klg lgi7fx¿ 5g\ tL ;f/f lgi7fx¿sf] lgrf]8 uLtfdf 5 . To;}n] olb d';ndfgn]
s'/fg xfd|f] xf] eg]/ bfaf u/] eg] Ps cy{df ;xL x'G5 t/ uLtf Ps cf:yfsf] / Ps wd{sf] dfq
xf]Og ;a}sf] pkof]lutfsf] zf:q xf] . dg'io hfltdf k|s6 ePsf] x/]s lgi7fsf] aLh¿k uLtfdf
pknAw 5 . uLtfdf ;a} dfu{ / åf/sf] j0f{g kfOG5 . of] ch{'gsf] sf/0fn] ;Dej ePsf] xf] .
>Ls[i0fn] ha ;fª\Vo lgi7fsf af/]df ch{'gnfO{ atfpg'eof] ta ch{'gn] ;fª\Volgi7fsf af/]df a'‰g
g} ;s]gg\ . To;}n] s[i0fn] csf]{ lgi7fsf] s'/f ug{'ePsf] xf] . >Ls[i0fn] ;a} k|sf/sf] lgi7fsf] af/]df
uLtfdf atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
>Ls[i0fn] d"n¿kdf b'O{ k|sf/sf] lgi7fsf af/]df uLtfdf atfpg'ePsf] 5 . of]uLhg sd{,
lqmof, cEof;af6 1fg k|fKt ub{5g\ / 1fgLhg c–cEof;, c–sd{ / c–lqmofaf6 1fg k|fKt
ub{5g\ . of]uL ljgf lqmofsf] sd{ x'g ;Sb}g eGb5g\ . 1fgLx¿ sd{ ug]{ t k|Zg} cfpFb}g lsgeg]
sd{ u/]/ slxNo} klg k'luFb}g≤ t;y{ hfGg' dfq kof{Kt 5 eGb5g\ . ;fª\Vo k/Dk/fn] u/]/ s]xL klg
x'Fb}g eGb5 . of]u k/Dk/f gul/sg s]xL klg x'Fb}g eGb5 . dfu{x¿ cg]s 5g\ t/ uGtJo Pp6} dfq
5 . x/]s dfu{af6 lzv/df g} k'luG5 . >Ls[i0f o1sf k|tLs dfk{mt r]tgfsf] pWj{udgsf] lbzfdf
hfg] dfu{ atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . of]uLhg ehg, k"hg, cf;g, k|f0ffofd cflb dfu{af6 k'Ug ;S5g\ eg]
1fgLhg Wofg, ;dflw, csd{ / clqmofsf] dfu{af6 ToxLF k'Ub5g\ . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] oL b'j} dfu{sf]
cnu cnu pNn]v ug{'ePsf] xf] .
>f]qfbLgLlGb|of0oGo] ;+odflUgif' h'Xjlt .
zAbfbLlGjifofgGo OlGb|oflUgif' h'Xjlt ..@^..
sltko of]uLhgx¿ >f]q cflb cfˆgf ;d:t OlG›ox¿nfO{ lgoGq0f¿kL clUgdf xjg lbG5g\ /
sltko of]uLx¿ zAbflb ;d:t ljifo -zAb, :kz{, ¿k, /;, uGw cflb_ x¿nfO{ OlG›o¿kL clUgdf g}
cfx'lt lbG5g\ ..

nf]suLtf– 153
cWofo–$
>Ls[i0f k'gM b'O{ lgi7fx¿sf af/]df atfpb} eGg'x'G5 . Pp6f dfu{df JolQm OlG›onfO{
;+oldt u/fP/, OlG›ox¿sf] ljifotkm{sf] ofqfnfO{ ;dfKt ub}{ oL b'O{ larsf] ;]t'nfO{ g}
tf]l8lbG5g\ . csf]{ dfu{df JolQm OlG›onfO{ ljifodf hfg t lbG5g\ t/ OlG›o / ljifok|lt lnKt x'g]
;]t'nfO{ dfq tf]8\5g\ . b'j} cj:yfaf6 Pp6} l:ylt pknJw x'G5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sltko
of]uLhg cfˆgf ;d:t OlGb|ox¿nfO{ lgoGq0f¿kL clUgdf xjg lbG5g\ / sltko of]uLhg zAbflb
ljifox¿nfO{ OlGb|o¿kL clUgdf g} cfx'lt lbG5g\ .
OlG›o ljifolt/ bf}l8 g} /xG5, lxF8\bfv]l/ Pp6f ;'Gb/ ejg, ;'Gb/ cg'xf/, ;'Gb/ sf/ b]lvof]
eg] xfdLnfO{ yfxf g} geO{ dgn] ;'Gb/ eGg]lalQs} OlG›ox¿ To;tkm{ bf}l8;s]sf x'G5g\ .
cfsif{0fsf] 36gf ;"Id x'G5, hf] cb[Zodf 36\g ;S5 . To;}n] ;'Gb/ s'/f dg k5{ lsgeg]] cfsif{0f
eO;s]sf] x''G5 . cfslif{t ePkl5 ;'Gb/tfsf] lgiklQ (Realization) x'G5 . OlG›on] cfsif{0fsf]
lg0f{o u/]kl5 ;'Gb/tfsf] lg0f{o a'l4n] lnG5 . OlG›ox¿n] :kz{ cnu–cnu dfu{af6 ub{5g\ . z/L/
/ xftn] g} :kz{ ug{'kb}{g≤ cfFvfn] b]Vb5 / 5'G5, x]g{' cfFvfsf] 9Ë xf], ;'Gg' sfgsf] 9Ë xf] . :kz{
xftsf] 5'g] 9Ë xf] / oL ;a} OlG›ox¿sf cnu–cnu 5'g] 9Ë x'g\ . OlG›osf] cy{ :kz{sf] pks/0f
xf] . ;"Id :kz{ 6f9}af6 g} x'G5 eg] :y"n :kz{ glhs}af6 x'G5 . To;}n] xfd|f OlG›ox¿ h;nfO{ 5'g
rfxG5g\, To;nfO{ klxn] cfFvfn] 5'G5 / xftn] cGtdf dfq 5'g kfpF5 . uGwaf6 klg ;lhn}
OlG›on] 5'g ;S5 . ¿k, /;, uGw zAbn] ;b}j 5'g] sfd ul//x]sf x'G5g\ .
OlG›onfO{ ljifoef]ult/ hfgaf6 /f]Sg' 5 eg] p;n] OlG›osf] of] ;"Id Joj:yfk|lt hfu?s
x'g'kb{5 . /l;og bfz{lgs tyf cfWoflTds u'? u'lh{okm (George I Gurdjieff) n] eg]sf 5g\–
k|ltkn ltd|f cfFvfn] x]g]{ sfd dfq ul//x]sf] 5 ls :kz{ ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] :d/0f u/ . Pp6L
;fdfGo :qL cfpFbf cfFvfn] x]5{ dfq, :kz{ ub}{g t/ Pp6L ;'Gb/L cfpFbf cfFvfn] x]g]{ dfq xf]Og,
:kz{ klg ub{5 . olb x]/]sf] dfq 5 eg] :d[lt aGb}g t/ :kz{ klg u/]sf] 5 eg] :d[lt klg aGb5 .
olb x]/]sf] dfq 5 eg] km]l/ x]¿F eGg] cfsfª\Iff hfUb}g / olb :kz{ u/]sf] 5 eg] km]l/ km]l/ x]¿F eGg]
cfsfª\Iff hfUb5 . cfFvfaf6 :kz{ gu/L x]g]{ sfo{ dfq u/] s[i0fn] eg]sf] klxnf] 36gf 36\g ;S5 .
o:t} ;a} OlG›oaf6 :kz{sf] sfd gu/]df OlGb|onfO{ ljifolt/ hfgaf6 /f]Sg ;lsG5 . OlG›on] /;
lng yfNof] eg] of] pks/0f geP/ dflns aGb5 .
hf] of]uL OlG›onfO{ ljifoaf6 tf]8\b5, Tof] of]uLn] OlG›o / ljifolarsf] ;+:kz{nfO{ tf]8\b5 .
cfFvf kmf]8\b}df jf;gf 6'6\b}g Tof] jf;gf sfgdf ¿kfGtl/t x'G5 . To;}n] b[li6ljxLgsf] sfg alnof]
x'G5 . b[li6ljxLgn] sfgn] ;'Gg] / :kz{ ug]{ b'j} sfd lnG5 . To;}n] b[li6ljxLgn] JolQmsf] rfnaf6
p;nfO{ lrGb5 . cfFvf kmf]8\g] xf]Og cfFvfaf6 :kz{ ug]{ k|lqmof labf x'g'k5{ . of] hfu/0fdf dfq
;Dej 5 . cfFvfn] x]g]{ dfq sfd ub}{ 5 ls :kz{ klg ub}{ 5 eGg] lrGtg lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ug'{k5{ .
ha xf]; hfU5, Tolta]nf yfxf x'G5 ls OlG›on] hxfF :kz{ u5{ ToxLF g} aGwg lgdf{0f x'G5 . To;}n]
ha s;}nfO{ x]l/G5, ta xf];k"j{s x]g'{k5{ . ;+odLn] OlG›onfO{ ef]usf] geO{ pks/0fsf] ¿kdf dfq
k|of]u ub{5 . c;+odLn] OlG›oaf6 ef]u w]/} u5{ t/ pkof]u ub{}g . cfFvfn] b]Vg' pkof]u xf] / :kz{
ug{' ef]Ug' xf] . hah{:tL OlG›osf] bdg ;+od xf]Og . ;fwf/0f c;+odL JolQm w]/} xflgsf/s x'+b}gg\
t/ blDet c;+odL JolQm w]/} vt/gfs x'G5g\ lsgeg]] ltgLx¿leq w]/} ljif el/Psf] x'G5 . hfu/0f,
xf]; / :d/0f g} ;+od xf] h;af6 OlG›osf] ljifok|ltsf] /; lt/f]lxt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf]
;+odL JolQm d'Qm x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 154
 cWofo–$
csf]{ k|sf/sf JolQm cyf{t\ 1fgLhg ef]u u/]/ klg OlG›onfO{ ljifo;Fu gtf]8Lsg :kz{ ubf{
ub}{ klg OlG›oaf6 aflx/ x'G5g\ . o:tf JolQm ef]usf If0fdf hfu[t x'g ;S5g\ . ef]hg ubf{
ef]hgsf] /;df hfu[t x'G5g\ . o:tf JolQmn] ef]u / ef]hgnfO{ d ef]Qmf xf]Og d t ;fIfL dfq x'F
eg]/ xf];k"j{s hfGb5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf JolQmsf] r]tgf ;fIfL x'G5 / ef]u Pjd\ :kz{ ubf{ ub}{
klg JolQmn] of] z/L/sf] tndf dfq eO/x]sf] 5 / dnfO{ t s'g} klg :kz{n] ef]Qmf agfpg ;Sb}g
eGg] hfGb5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fgLhg o; dfu{af6 OlG›ox¿sf] ef]u ubf{ ub}{ ef]Qmf geO{ d'Qm
x'G5g\ .
tGqn] of] k/LIf0fsf] ljlw vf]h]sf] 5 . Pp6f JolQm ef]u ubf{ ub}{ klg d ef]Qmf xf]Og eGb5
eg] To:tf] JolQmnfO{ v'a;Fu /S;L v'jfP/ xf];df /xG5 ls /xFb}g eGg] k/LIf0f ug{'kb{5 . olb
;fIfLsf] efj hfu[t eO;s]sf] 5 eg] /S;L lkpFbf klg Tof] xf]; sfod} /xG5 lsgeg]] gzf OlG›on]
ub{5 t/ r]tgf t hfu[t g} x'G5 . tGqn] ufFhf, efª / wt'/f] cflbsf] k|of]u xf];nfO{ hfGgsf nflu
u/]sf] lyof] / of] lkpFbf klg xf]; sfod /Xof] eg] lha|fdf ;k{n] 6f]sfP/ xf];sf] ;DaGw hfGgsf
nflu klg k|of]u ub{Yof] . ;fw' ;GGof;Ln] vfg] ufFhf–efª h:tf s'/f s'g} a]nfdf k/LIf0fsf] nflu
lyof] eg] Tof] clxn] lgTo sd{ ag]sf] 5 . z/L/df hlt a]xf];Lsf] /; k|j]z u/] klg r]tgfsf]
hfu/0fdf s:tf] k|efj x'G5 eg]/ tGqn] o:tf] k|of]usf] dfu{ atfPsf] xf] .
dxfjL/, a'4 klxnf] ;fwgf ;+odsf] sf]l6df kg{'x'G5 eg] s[i0f cfkm}+ bf];|f] ;fwgf sf]l6sf
JolQm x'g'x'G5 . s[i0fnfO{ h}gLx¿n] gs{df xfn]sf 5g\ . h}g ;fwsn] :qL;Fu gfRg] JolQmsf] sNkgf
klg ug{ ;Sb}g . s/f]8f}+“ :qLsf] k|]ddf dUg o'4df plePsf] / lx+;f ug{ ch{'gnfO{ k|]/0ff lbg] JolQm
s;/L d'Qm x'g ;S5 . of] klxnf] lgi7fn] ;f]Rg klg ;Sb}g . To;}n] pgLx¿n] s[i0fnfO{ ts{sf]
s;f}6Laf6 gs{df xfn] t/ :qL;Fu hlt gfr] klg s[i0fsf] cfFvfdf s'g} jf;gf / g[To 5}g . o'4df
plePsf] JolQmdf s'g} qmf]w g} 5}g . To;}n] h}gLx¿sf] ts{n] eGof] xfd|f] lgi7fsf] k|lts"n s[i0fsf]
cfr/0f 5 t/ Åbon] ts{nfO{ :jLsf/ u/]g . To;}n] h}gLx¿n] cfpFbf] sNkdf >Ls[i0fnfO{ klxnf]
tLy{ª\s/ klg agfPsf 5g\ . :qLsf lar /x]/ klg >Ls[i0fdf s'g} :qLsf] uGw 5}g . gfRbf klg a'4
dxfjL/x¿ l;+xf;gdf l:y/ ePh:tf] 5 . o'4df pleP/ klg lx+;fn] dgnfO{ :kz{ u/]sf] 5}g /
cfFvfdf s'g} qmf]w klg 5}g . do"/ d's'6 afFw]/ a:bf klg s[i0fdf dxfjL/sf] gUgtf, lbuDa/tf
b]lvG5 . s[i0f bf];|f] lgi7fsf] JolQm x'g'x'G5 / klxnf] lgi7fsf] JolQmnfO{ bf];|f] lgi7f lans'n ljk/Lt
h:tf] nfU5 . bf];|f]nfO{ klxnf] lgi7f ljk/Lt h:tf] nfUg ;S5 . t/ >Ls[i0f b'j} lgi7fnfO{ ;dfg
¿kdf uLtfdf j0f{g ug{'x'G5 . b'j} lgi7fsf] cg'ej / b'j} lgi7fn] Ps} 7fpFdf k'¥ofpg] b[li6sf]0f /
o;sf] k|tLlt s[i0fdf k|uf9 ¿kdf 5 .
;jf{0fLlGb|osdf{l0f k|f0fsdf{l0f rfk/] .
cfTd;+odof]ufUgf} h'Xjlt 1fgbLlkt] ..@&..
cfTd;fIffTsf/ ug]{ lh1f;f ePsf JolQmx¿n] ;Dk"0f{ OlG›o / k|f0fsf ;d:t lqmofx¿nfO{
tyf dg / OlG›onfO{ jzdf /fv]/ 1fgaf6 k|sflzt cfTd;+od of]u¿k clUgdf cfx'lt lbG5g\ .
;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdf afx]s cGo s;}sf] lrGtg gug{' g} Tof] ;a}sf] xjg ug{' xf] ..
c1fgLn] k/dfTdfnfO{ s]xL e]6 r9fpg ;Sb}g, c1fgL g t :jod\nfO{ hfGb5 g
k/dfTdfnfO{ g} hfGb5 . c1fgL h'g j:t'df cf;Qm x'G5, ToxL j:t' k/dfTdfdf e]6 ug{ vf]H5 . h]
p;nfO{ k|Llts/ nfU5 ToxL r9fpF5 . c1fgdf h] k|Llts/ x'G5, Tof] 1fgdf k|Llts/ x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– 1fgLhg Pjd\ of]uLhg OlG›onfO{ g} k/dfTdfdf ck{0f ub{5g\ . xfdL OlG›osf] rfxgfnfO{

nf]suLtf– 155
cWofo–$
k/dfTdfdf e]6 r9fpF5f}+ t/ 1fgLhg OlG›onfO{ g} p;sf] clUgdf cfx'lt lbG5g\ . c1fgLnfO{ km"n
;'ulGwt / ;'Gb/ nfU5 . To;}n] km"nnfO{ k/dfTdfdf r9fpF5g\ t/ 1fgLhg km"nnfO{ xf]Og ;'uGwsf]
OlG›onfO{ g} k/dfTdfdf r9fpF5g\ . xfdLnfO{ h] :jflbi6 kl/sf/ ld7f] nfU5 ToxL k/dfTdfnfO{
r9fpF5f“}+ t/ of]uLhg Zjf;nfO{ g} k|e'df ;dk{0f u5{g\ . h] k|Llts/ nfU5 Tof] xf]Og ls h;nfO{
k|Llts/ nfU5 ToxL g} ck{0f u5{g\ . of] ;dk{0f k|f0f / cfˆgf] ;dk{0f xf] . xfdLn] h] k|Llts/ dfG5f}+
Tof] xfd|f] OlG›osf] hf]8sf cltl/Qm s]xL klg xf]Og . ha s'g} JolQm OlG›osf] hf]8nfO{ r9fpF5 ta
r9fpg] JolQm / k/dfTdf Pp6} x'G5 . olb xfdLn] ;f/f OlG›o k/dfTdfdf r9fof}+ eg] xfdLl;t
k/dfTdfl;jfo afFsL s]xL klg aRb}g .
xfdL OlG›oåf/f ;+;f/;Fu hf]l8G5f}+“ . cfFvfaf6 xfdL ¿k;Fu / k|sfz;Fu hf]l8G5f}+ . sfgaf6
xfdL :j/, Wjlg;Fu hf]l8G5f} . o;/L xfdL kfFr OlG›osf åf/af6 ;+;f/;Fu hf]l8G5f}+ . OlG›o;Fu
hf]l8Fbf ;+;f/df k'luG5 / OlG›onfO{ 5f]8\bf k/dfTdfdf k'luG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fgLhg
k/dfTdfsf] of]uflUgdf OlG›onfO{ g} xjg ub{5g\ . OlG›oaf6 5'6\g] lalQs} JolQm / ;dli6df s'g}
e]b /xFb}g . OlG›o;Fu 5'6\g] lalQs} b[Zo labf x'G5 / cb[Zo;Fu ldng x'G5 . ¿k labf x'G5 clg
c¿k;Fu ldng x'G5 . cfsf/ 5'6\5 / lg/fsf/df ljnLg x'G5 . OlG›o g} xfd|f] cfsf/sf] hGdbfqL,
¿ksf] lgdf{tf / ;+;f/sf] Joj:yfks xf] . OlG›oaf6 d'lQm x'g] lalQs} JolQm lj/f6\df ljnLg x'G5 .
To;}n] 1fgLhg OlG›osf] pkef]unfO{ xf]Og OlG›onfO{ g} ef]u r9fpF5g\ . oxL g} ;fFrf] Tofu /
;dk{0f xf] eg] afFsL ;a} e|flGt xf] .
km"n t k/dfTdfdf r9]s} x'G5 . xfdL km"nnfO{ tf]8]/ km"nsf] xTof u5f}{+ . k/dfTdfsf cufl8
ldi7fGg /fVg'sf] s'g} cy{ /xFb}g . ;a} s'/f p;sf cufl8 ;dlk{t ¿kdf r9]s} 5 . ;f/f ljZj g}
p;sf] r/0fdf clk{t 5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ olb s]xL r9fpg' 5 eg] :jod\sf cltl/Qm s]xL klg
r9fpg of]Uo 5}g . xfdL;Fu cfkm" cltl/Qm s]xL 5}g . d[To'n] xfdL;Fu h] vf]:g ;S5 ToxL r9fP
dfq o1 k"/f x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm;Fu s]xL vf]:g ;lsFb}g lsgeg]] Tof] t k/dfTdfdf ck{0f eO;s]sf]
x'G5 . z/L/ OlG›osf] hf]8 xf] / cxª\sf/ ;f/f OlG›ox¿sf] ;Ë7g xf] . To;}n] OlG›onfO{ ck{0f ug]{
lalQs} ;a} s'/f ck{0f x'G5 . hf] ;fwf/0f JolQm;Fu d[To'n] vf]:5 ToxL of]uLhg k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf
;dlk{t ub{5g\ . oxL xjg, xf]d / o1 xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] o:tf] o1, xjg ug{ ;S5
ToxL JolQm k/d ;To Pjd\ k/d cflzifdf pknAw x'G5 .
h;/L OlG›osf] OR5fadf]lhdsf] ef]u r9fpg'sf] s]xL cy{ x'Fb}g To:t} afXo clUgdf klg
s]xL r9fP/ s'g} pknlAw x'Fb}g . aflx/sf] clUgdf t OlG›onfO{ r9fpg klg ;lsFb}g . To;df t
OlG›osf] ljifo dfq r9fpg ;lsG5 . To;}n] OlG›onfO{ r9fpg' 5 eg] afXo clUgdf xf]Og
of]uflUgdf dfq r9fpg ;lsG5 . clUg b'O{ j:t'x¿sf] lardf n's]sf] ljB't\sf] ;‹if{0f xf] . k|To]s
j:t' ljB't\ s0fsf] hf]8sf] gfd xf] / k|To]s j:t'df ljB't\ n's]sf] x'G5 . j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– k|To]s
j:t' On]S6«f]gsf] cyf{t\ ljB't\s0fsf] hf]8 xf] . xfdLn] rf/}lt/ b]v]sf j:t'x¿ klg j:t' dfq geO{
ljB't\ pmhf{ g} x'g\ . k|To]s j:t'x¿nfO{ xfdLn] hf]8]/ x]g]{ xf] eg] cflv/L k/df0f';Dd hf]8\g ;lsG5
o; l:yltdf kbfy{x¿ x/fpF5g\ .
;"IdeGbf klg ;""Id ljB't\s0fn] ;f/f hut\ ag]sf] 5 . olb o;sf] 3if{0f ul/of] eg] To;af6
clUg pTkGg x'G5 . clUg ljB'Tf\sf] lar ePsf] 3if{0fsf] kl/0ffd xf] . xfdLn] cfˆgf b'O{ xftnfO{ dfq
3if{0f u¥of}{+ eg] b'j} xft tftf x'G5g\ / clUg k}bf x'g ;'? x'G5 . xfdL hf]8;Fu bf}l8Fbf kl;gf cfpF5
lsgeg]] xfjf / xfdLlar 3if{0f x'g yfN5 / 3if{0faf6 udL{ pTklQ x'g yfN5 . ha xfdLnfO{ Hj/f]

nf]suLtf– 156
 cWofo–$
cfpF5, ta klg xfd|f] z/L/df clUg pTklQ x'G5 lsgeg]] z/L/sf] leq of aflx/af6 /f]usf sL6f0f'
/ xfd|f] z/L/leqsf /Ifs sL6f0f'x¿ lar 3if{0f ;'? x'G5 / To;sf] kl/0ffdaf6 Hj/f] cfpF5 . Hj/f]
cfpg' la/fdL x'g' xf]Og, s]jn z/L/leq ulx/f] 3if{0fsf] ;"rgf dfq xf] .
z/L/ Pp6f ljz]if tfkdf /xFbf dfq xfdL hLljt x'g ;S5f}+“ . (* l8u|L eGbf @–$ l8u|L tn
z/L/sf] tfkqmd /Xof] eg] k|f0f ;Í6df kb{5 . To:t} !!) l8u|LeGbf dfly tfkqmd k'Uof] eg] klg
k|f0f lt/f]lxt x'G5 . xfd|f] hLjg oxL !) l8u|Lleq ;Lldt 5 . oxL !) l8u|Lsf] pQfklar xfd|f]
hLjg rN5 . (* l8u|LeGbf w]/} tn eof] eg] klg ;a} 7G8f x'G5 / w]/} dfly uof] eg] klg olQ
udL{ x'G5 ls hLjg g} aRg ;Sb}g . k"/f ;do z/L/ y/df]:6]6sf] cyf{t\ z/L/sf] tfkqmd ;dfg
/fVg] k|of; ub{5 . of] of]uflUgn] aflx/sf] z/L/nfO{ klg hnfpg ;S5 .
s]xL ;docl3 ef/tsf] pQ/k|b]zsf Ps hgf lzv ;Gtn] cfkm"nfO{ of]uflUgsf] clUgn]
hnfpg'eof] . pxfFn] cfFvf aGb u/]/ of]udf a;]/ leqsf] clUg k|Hjlnt u/fpg'eof] / cfufsf]
nKsfn] klxn] leq clg aflx/ hnfof] . pxfFn] cfkm"nfO{ leqsf] clUgn] hnfpFbf s'g} klg k|sf/sf]
cGo kbfy{ k|of]u gu/L of]usf] zlQmaf6 clUg pTkGg u/]/ hnfpg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfF leqaf6
v/fgL x'g'ePsf] lyof] . of]uflUgsf] cy{ z/L/sf] leqaf6 g} clUgnfO{ pTkGg ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf xf] .
z/L/leq g} 3if{0f ug]{ of] leGg k|lqmof x'G5 / o; k|lqmofn] 3if{0faf6 pTkGg clUgsf] k|of]u u/L
cfkm"nfO{ leqaf6 hnfpF5g\ h:tf] ls ef/tLo lzv ;Gtn] cfkm"nfO{ hnfpg'eof] . of] d[To'sf nflu
ul/g] k|of]u xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]uLhg of]uflUgdf cfˆgf OlG›onfO{ ;dlk{t ub{5g\ . of] hLjgsf] qmddf
g} ug{ ;lsG5 . s[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] of]uflUgdf cem ;"Id clUg pTkGg ug{ ;lsG5 h;af6 OlG›osf]
/; / cfsfª\Iff hNb5 t/ z/L/ hNb}g ;fy} o;af6 z/L/ xf]Og OlG›osf ;"Id tGt'x¿ hNb5g\ .
OlG›oaf6 ;"Id tGt' cnu ul/of] eg] OlG›o a]sf/ x'G5 . o; s'/f;Fu j}1flgsx¿ klg ;xdt 5g\ .
xfdLn] s'g} s'/fsf] ;'uGw lnFbf xfd|f] gfssf] gf;fk'6df ;'uGw ;dfTg] ;fgf ;fgf s0fx¿ x'G5g\ .
?3f–vf]sL nfu]sf] a]nfdf ;'uGw cfpFb}g lsgeg]] To; a]nfdf gfssf ;a} /];f ;'lGgPsf x'G5g\ /
TfL ;fgf ;fgf k/df0f' h;n] uGwnfO{ ;dfT5g\ TfL ;'lGgPsf] x'gfn] To;df bAb5g\ / uGw ;dfTg
c;dy{ x'G5g\ . l;Fufgsf] d'lg of] k/df0f' ba]/ ;'uGw kqmg ;Sb}g . of] uGw ;dfTg] k/df0f' sfl6of]
eg] uGw x/fpF5 . olb of] k/df0f' Ps} s'/fdf /flv/Xof] eg] cln cln u/]/ of] k|lt/IffTds
(Immune) x'G5 / uGw ;dfTg ;Sb}g . To;}n] ;w}+ zf}rfnosf] sfd ug]{x¿nfO{ zf}rsf] uGw cfpg
5f]8\b5 lsgeg]] p;sf] gf;fk'6sf] c0f' h;n] uGwnfO{ ;dfT5 Tof] af/Daf/ Pp6} cf3ftn]
dl/;s]sf] x'G5 . gofF ;fa'gdf klxnf] lbg uGw cfpF5 clg qmdzM uGw sd x'G5 / cGttM uGw
labf x'G5 . uGw ;fa'gdf xf]Og, xfd|f] gfssf c0f'x¿df x'G5 .
of] ;"Id k/df0f'nfO{ of]uflUgn] hnfpg ;lsG5 . of] leq g} hn]/ v/fgL x'G5 . clg ltgsf
af/]df yfxf klg x'Fb}g . of] clt ;"Id x'G5 / o;sf nflu cToGt ;"Id 3if{0fsf] h?/t x'G5 .
o;sf] of}lus k|lqmof / ljlw x'G5 h;af6 o;nfO{ hnfP/ v/fgL agfpg ;lsG5 t/ o;sf nflu
s]xL clgjfo{ ;t{x¿ 5g\ h;nfO{ k"/f u/]kl5 dfq of] of]uflUg pTkGg x'g ;S5 cGoyf of]uflUg
k}bf g} x'Fb}g . klxn] g} >Ls[i0fn] elg;Sg'ePsf] 5– cf;lQm/lxt OlG›ox¿sf] /;af6 d'Qm, ;+odL,
OlG›o / j:t'sf larsf] ;]t'nfO{ tf]8]sf] JolQmn] dfq of]uflUgaf6 ;"Id clUg pTkGg ug{ ;S5 .
j}1flgs vf]haf6 klg /f;folgs tŒjx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] 5 . Pl8gn tŒj
z/L/df geP JolQm qmf]w g} ug{ ;Sb}g . Pl8gn hf] z/L/df s'g} s'g} u|lGyleq yf]/} dfq n's]sf]

nf]suLtf– 157
cWofo–$
x'G5 . olb o;nfO{ cnu ul/of] eg] JolQm qmf]w g} ug{ ;Sb}g . /l;og j}1flgs Kofenf]e (Ivan
Petrovich Pavlov) n] w]/} hËnL 8/nfUbf s's'/x¿sf] Pl8gn UNofG8 sf6]/ k|of]u u/] . tL
s's'/x¿sf] Pl8gn tŒj cnu ul/Pkl5 pgLx¿ k"0f{¿kdf e'Sg 5f]8] / pgLx¿ k"0f{ :j:Yo /x] .
!)–@) yf]kfsf] of] /; lgsfn]kl5 tL hËnL s's'/x¿nfO{ hlt ;tfP/ b'v lbP klg pgLx¿sf]
qmf]w k"/f zfGt eof] . oL s's'/x¿sf] qmf]w ;a} of] !)–@) yf]kfdf lyof], h'g lgsfNg] lalQs}
pgLx¿ zfGt eP . oL /;fog tŒjx¿sf] b'?kof]u x'g] ;Defjgf klg 5, hf] vt/gfs 5 .
afof]s]d]:6«Ln] vf]haf6 h] kQf nufof], Tof] s'/f of]unfO{ w]/} klxn]b]lv g} hfgsf/L 5 . of]uaf6
slxn] klg vt/f ePg / x'g klg ;Sb}g lsgeg]] of] k|of]u c¿n] xf]Og cfkm"n] cfkm}+df ug]{ ljlw /
k|lqmof xf] .
afof]s]d]:6«Ln] xdf]{g kQf nufPsf] 5 / olb Pp6f j[4 JolQmnfO{ klg of}g xdf]{gsf] OGh]S;g
lbof] eg] pm hjfg h:t} k|an (Potent) x'G5 . pm hjfg JolQm h:tf] sfdf]Q]hs zlQmn] el/G5 /
hjfg JolQmsf] klg of}g xdf]{g lgsflnof] eg] pm a'9f] h:tf] lzlyn / sfdzlQmxLg x'G5 . ;fF9] /
uf]?df km/s yf]/} xdf]{gsf] dfq xf] . uf]?sf] xdf]{g lgsflnlbPsf] x'G5 / ;fF9]sf] of}g xdf]{g l:yt
x'G5 . To;}n] bzj6f uf]? Pp6f ;fF9]sf t'ngfdf klg sdhf]/ g} x'G5g\ . of]uflUg Tof] k|lqmofsf]
gfd xf] h;åf/f leqsf] of] /f;folgs Joj:yfdf cGt/ k}bf ug{ ;lsG5 . of] of]uflUg pTkGg ug]{
ljlwx¿ w]/} 5g\ . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] of]uflUgsf af/]df eGg'ePsf] xf] . of]uflUgdf hf] cfˆgf]
OlG›onfO{ ;dlk{t ub{5 pm ;d:t aGwgaf6 aflx/ eP/ d'Qm x'G5 .
b|Joo1f:tkf]o1f of]uo1f:tyfk/] .
:jfWofo1fgo1fZr otoM ;+lztj|tfM ..@*..
s}of“} of]uLx¿ nf]ssf] ;]jf jf k/f]ksf/sf lglDt ›Joo1 ub{5g\ . To:t} sltko k'?ifx¿
tk:ofo1 / sltko of]uLx¿ of]u¿kL o1 Pjd\ cGo sltko clx+;flb tLI0f j|tåf/f o'Qm oTgzLn
k''?ifx¿ :jfWofo¿k 1fgo1 ub{5g\ ..
>Ls[i0f c¿ w]/} dfu{af6 ljleGg JolQmx¿n] wd{o1 ug]{ s'/f atfpg'x'G5 . klxnf] dfu{
O{Zj/flk{t efjn] ;]jfnfO{ wd{ agfpg] JolQmx¿ ToxLF k'U5g\ . of] ;]jf O{Zj/flk{t efjn] ul/Psf]
x'g'kb{5 lsgeg]] ;]jf cxª\sf/ clk{t efjgfaf6 klg x'g ;S5 . s'g} ;]jfdf cfkm"k|lt cg'u|lxt xf];\
eGg] rfxgf /fVg' cxª\sf/ clk{t efj xf] . ;]jf cfkm"n] u/] klg k/dfTdfsf] cg'u|xaf6 dfq ;]jf
ug{ kfPsf] efj x'g' h?/L x'G5 . ;]jf ubf{ cfkm"nfO{ g} yfxf gxf];\ s]jn k/dfTdfsf] pks/0f
ePsf] dfq af]w xf];\ . o:tf] O{Zj/flk{t efjn] hf] JolQm ;]jf ub{5 p;sf nflu ;]jf ;fwgf,
pkf;gf clg k|fy{gf aGb5 . O{Zj/flk{t efjdf dfq k|fy{gf x'G5 . cxª\sf/sf] ;fgf] eGbf ;fgf] c+z
klg leq 5 eg] O{Zj/flk{t efj x'g ;Sb}g .
h'g lbg JolQmn] rf/}lt/ O{{Zj/ dfqsf] cg'e"lt u5{, Tof] lbg p;sf] ;]jf k/dfTdfsf] ;]jf
x'G5 clg pm wGojfb dfUb}g, wGojfb lbG5 . ;]jf ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt ePsf]df cg'u|lxt x'G5 / x/]s
cj:yfdf k/dfTdf g} b]lvPkl5 To:tf] ;]jf O{Zj/ clk{t ;]jf aG5 . leq cxª\sf/ n]; dfq klg
g/x] g} o:tf] ;]jf k|e' clk{t x''G5 . k|e'–ck{0fsf] cj:yf of]uflUgsf] k|lqmofeGbf klg sl7g 5 .
of]uflUg t Pp6f ljlwaf6 pTkGg x'G5 t/ k|e'–ck{0f s'g} ljlw xf]Og of] t a8f] 7'nf] efjsf]
pb\efjgf xf] . efj ;dflw / O{Zj/ ck{0f a8f] ;dembf/Lsf] s'/f xf] h'g a'l4af6 xf]Og Åbosf]
:kGbgaf6 dfq x'g ;S5 . O{Zj/fk{0f a''l4af6 geO{ efjaf6 ul/g'k5{ lsgeg]] a'l4 slxNo} klg
cxÍf/sf] kf/ hfFb}g . To;}n] O{Zj/fk{0f nflu a'l4nfO{ 5f]8]/ Åbosf] k|of]u ug{'k5{ .

nf]suLtf– 158
 cWofo–$
Åbosf] a'emfOsf] cy{ d]/f] Zjf;, k|f0f, hGd / afFRg] If0f dnfO{ k/dfTdfaf6 k|fKt ePsf] xf]
;fy} dnfO{ t cl:tTjdf lsg 5' eGg] klg yfxf 5}g eGg] xf] . o:tf] c1ft ljifo ts{af6 hfGg
;lsFb}g . o;sf nflu Åbo g} rflxG5 . xfdLnfO{ sxfFaf6 cfpF5f}+“ / sxfF hfG5f“}+ eGg] g} yfxf 5}g .
csf]{ Zjf; cfpF5 ls cfpFb}g Tof] klg yfxf 5}g . hxfF olt ;a} c1ft 5g\, ToxfF xfd|f] x'g' klg
c1ft zlQmdf lge{/ 5, To;}n] ToxfF xfd|f] sd{ s;/L x'g ;S5 Û ha xfd|f] x'g' g} c1ft zlQmaf6
ePsf] 5 eg] xfd|f] sd{ klg c1ft zlQmsf] sd{ xf] / xfdL t larsf dfWod dfq xf}F . ts{ /
a'l4n] lsg eg]/ vf]H5 / ha o;sf] hjfkm kfpFb}g ta pm cfˆgf] If]q gePsf] 7fGb5 t/ Åbon]
lsg eGg] s'/f vf]Hb}g . hLjgsf ;a} ulx/f k|Zg / /x:ox¿nfO{ a'l4n] vf]Hg ;Sb}g / a'l4n] cem
;d:of k}bf ug{ ;S5 . xfdL c1ftaf6 cfpF5f} / c1ftdf g} hfg] 5f}F . To;}n] xfd|f] xftaf6 h]
sd{ x'G5 Tof] klg c1ftn] g} u/fpF5 . o:tf] Åbosf] a'emfO ulx/f] eof] eg] dfq JolQm O{Zj/fk{0f
ug{ ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f c¿ klg dfu{sf af/]df eGg'x'G5– clx+;fsf] dfu{af6 hf] rNb5 Tof] klg ToxLF k'Ug]
5 . of] a8f] lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ nfUb5 . Psflt/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sf]xL db}{gg\ ltdL a]lkmqmLsf ;fy
o'4 u/ . csf{lt/ clx+;fsf] dfu{sf af/]df klg atfpg'x'G5 . Psflt/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sf]xL
db}{gg\ To;}n] ltdL lx+;fsf] s'/} gu/, o'4df pq . csf{lt/ pko'{Qm Znf]sdf eGg'x'G5 ls clx+;fsf]
dfu{af6 lxF8\g]x¿ klg ToxLF k'Ug] x'g\ . clx+;fsf] dfu{sf] cy{ ltdL s;}nfO{ gdf/ eGg] xf]Og . olb
clx+;fsf] cy{ o:tf] ePdf t cfTdf dg{ ;Sg] x'G5 . olb cfTdf cd/ 5 eg] s;/L s;}nfO{ dfg{
;lsG5 . xfdLn] ug{;Sg] s'/f cfTdf / z/L/nfO{ cnu dfq ug{ ;S5f}+ t/ z/L/ t ;b}j d/]s} 5 /
cfTdf slxNo} db}{g . o; cj:yfdf z/L/ hf] gfzjfg\ 5 To;nfO{ cfTdf hf] db}{g To;;Fu cnu
ul/of] eg] lx+;f s;/L x'G5 . clx+;fsf] cy{ dfg]{ OR5f gug{' xf] . dg{ t slxNo} klg sf]xL db}{g t/
dfg]{ OR5f ug{ ;lsG5 . kfk dfg]{nfO{ nfUb}g, dfg]{ OR5fnfO{ nfU5 . JolQmnfO{ dfg]{ OR5f / jf;gf
pTkGg x'g] lalQs} lx+;f k"0f{ x'G5 . lx+;fsf] ;DaGw dfg{df xf]Og ls dfg]{ jf;gf;Fu x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] dfg]{ jf;gfaf6 d'Qm x'G5g\, pgLx¿ clx+;fsf] dfu{af6 ToxLF k'U5g\ .
sf]xL ;fª\Voof]uaf6 t sf]xL k|e'df clk{t ;]jfaf6 k'U5g\ . ;a} leGg leGg dfu{ ulx/fOdf Pp6}
d"n;Fu hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ . ha;Dd dg'iosf] dgdf OlG›osf] nf]e /xG5 ta;Dd lx+;faf6 d'lQm
c;Dej x'G5 . OlG›o k"/f ;do lx+;f ul//x]sf 5g\ . ha cfFvf s;}sf] z/L/df jf;gf aG5 ta
lx+;f :jtM x'G5 / JolQm anfTsf/df ;+nUg x'G5 . ha cfFvf z/L/df k/]/ dfu sfdjf;gf aGof] /
cfFvfn] Ps If0fsf nflu rfxgf agfof], Tof] z/L/nfO{ ef]Ug] w'jfF rf/}lt/ km}lnof], ToxL If0f
anfTsf/sf] 36gf 36\of] . of] cfFvfn] u¥of], cfFvfsf] k5fl8 JolQm /Xof] / lx+;f eof] . lx+;f 5'/f
k|xf/af6 dfq x'Fb}g . OlG›ox¿ ha;Dd ef]u ug{ cft'/ x'G5g\ ta;Dd lx+;f /f]ls+b}g . of] ;"Id
lx+;f xf] . :y"n lx+;f ta pTkGg x'G5, ha xfd|f] sfdgfdf s'g} cj/f]w x'G5 . s'g} JolQm s;}sf]
z/L/nfO{ ef]Ug rfxG5 t/ ef]Ufsf nflu csf]{ JolQm tof/ 5}g eg] lx+;f hlGdG5 . klxn] lx+;fsf]
;"Id efj pTkGg x'G5 clg Tof] k"/f ug{ gkfPkl5 lx+;f :y"n aG5 .
h;n] ca OlG›ox¿;Fu dfUg 5f]8\of] / h;sf] OlG›o cfqmfds /x]g, Tof] JolQm >Ls[i0fsf]
clx+;fsf] dfu{df k|j[Q x'G5 . dxfjL/n] Wofg, hk ug{'cl3 k|Tofqmd0f ug{ ;'emfj lbg'ePsf] 5 .
k|Tofqmd0fsf] cy{ cfqmd0fsf] ljk/Lt cj:yf xf] . cfqmd0fsf] zlQmnfO{ lkmtf{ ug{' k|Tofqmd0f xf] .
pxfF eGg'x'G5– k|Tofqmd0f ePkl5 dfq Wofg x'g ;S5 . s[i0fsf] clx+;fsf] dfu{df hf] cfqmd0fsf]
sfdgf ub}{g Tof] lx+;f/lxt xf] . ;"IdeGbf ;"Id tndf klg cfqmd0fsf] rfxgf lx+;f xf] . k|Tofqmd0f

nf]suLtf– 159
cWofo–$
clx+;f xf] . of] clx+;fsf] If0fdf ToxL x'G5 h'g of]uflUgdf hn]/ 3l6t x'G5 . s[i0f cGo dfu{ klg
atfpg'x'G5 . o; Znf]sdf pxfFn] b'O{–tLgj6f dfu{sf af/]df pNn]v ug{'ePsf] 5 . jf:tjdf !!@
j6f dfu{x¿ 5g\, h;sf dfWodaf6 k/dfTdf;Dd k'Ug ;lsG5 .
:jfWofosf] o1 uxg ¿kfGt/0fsf] Pp6f k|lqmof xf] . cfh wtL{df cfTd ¿kfGt/0fsf]
k|rlnt k|lqmof :jfWofo o1 ePsf] 5 . k|mfo8, P8n/, h'+u, ;lnjfg, kmf]dx¿ h:tf
dgf]j}1flgsx¿n] :jfWofo o1nfO{ 7'nf] dxŒj lbPsf 5g\ . :jfWofosf] cy{ :jcWoog cyf{t\
cfkm}+n] ul/g] k9fO Pjd\ hfgsf/L xf] cyf{t\ :jod\sf] cWoog xf] . ;f/f dgf]ljZn]if0fsf] dgf]e"ld g}
:jod\sf] cWoog xf]] . cfkm}+“ :jod\sf] ctn ulx/fOdf k'u]/ o;sf] u'0f, kl/rosf af/]df ul/g]
cWoog :jfWofo xf] . o;df c¿ k|j]z g} ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . xfdL c¿ JolQmx¿sf] kl/lw aflx/L
¿kaf6 dfq hfGb5f}+“, p;sf] cGtM:tndf k|j]z g} ug{ ;lsFb}g . :jfWofosf] cy{ cfˆgf]
cGtZr]tgfnfO{ :jod\ g} hfGg] / o;;Fu kl/lrt x'g] Joj:yf xf] . c¿n] cfr/0faf6 hfg]sf] s'/f
cg'dfg dfq x'g ;S5≤ jf:tjdf o;sf] 1fg t :jod\af6 g} x'g ;S5 . xfdL :jfWofodf x'Fb}gf}+“
lsgeg]] xfdL klg aflx/af6 dfq afFR5f}+“ . xfdL cfTdf;Fu kl/lrt x'Fb}gf“}+, cfr/0f;Fu dfq kl/lrt
x'G5f“}+ . xfdL :jod\nfO{ klg csf{sf] b[li6n] hfGb5f}+“ . c¿n] xfdLnfO{ /fd|f] elglbFbf v';L nfU5 /
g/fd|f] elglbFbf kL8f k'U5 . xfd|f] :jod\sf] k|ToIf cg'ej 5}g cGoyf csf{sf] egfOsf] s'g} c;/ g}
gx'g'kg]{ xf] .
:jfWofosf] cy{ :jod\sf] ;fIffTsf/ xf] . :jfWofo¿kL o1df plqgsf nflu c¿sf]
ljrf/nfO{ TofUg'k5{ / xfdLn] cfkm}leq eon] bafPsf] leqL lx+;fnfO{ TofUg'k5{ . hf] JolQmn] leq
qmf]w bafPsf] x'G5 pm :jod\n] Tof] qmf]w hfGg ;Sb}g . :jfWofosf nflu h] h] bafPsf] 5 To;nfO{
pwf/]/ aflx/ ˆofFSg'k5{, cGoyf :jod\sf] cWoog x'g ;Sb}g . xfdL PSn} /xFbf ;b}j eoeLt x'G5f}+“
lsgeg]] PsfGtdf leq ba]sf s'/fsf] cWoog x'g ;S5 . To;}n] t xfdL ;bf c¿sf] ;fy vf]H5f“}+ .
k[YjL Pp6f kfun u|x xf] hxfF xNnfvNnf dfq 5≤ o;sf] @)) ldn k/ s]jn z"Go / ;Ggf6f dfq
5 . :jfWofodf t PsfGtsf] cfjZostf x'G5 . k|mfo8 / h'+un] h'g dgf]ljZn]if0f u/] Tof] oxL ba]sf]
lx:;fnfO{ aflx/ Nofpg] ljZn]if0f xf] . of]usf nflu :jfWofo lgtfGt PsfGtsf] k|of]u xf], hxfF
:jod\afx]s sf]xL x'Fb}gg\ . cfˆgf] leqaf6 cfkm"nfO{ k"/f gUg agfO{ cfk"mnfO{ x'ax' hfGg] / x]g]{ ljlw
:jfWofo xf] .
:jfWofosf] klxnf]r/0f c¿sf egfOsf] a]jf:tf ug]{, bf];|f]r/0f bafPsf] lx:;fnfO{ pwf/]/
aflx/ ˆofFSg] / cfkm"df h] 5 To;nfO{ ;fIffTsf/ ug]{ xf] . t];|f] r/0f cfkm"n] agfPsf] df]xsf]
k|ltdfnfO{ TofUg' xf] . cfkm"n] agfPsf] ;'Gb/ k|ltdfnfO{ tf]8\g g;Sg] JolQm :jfWofodf plqg
;Sb}gg\ . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] :jfWofonfO{ klg o1 eGg'ePsf] xf] . Tof] klg Pp6f cfuf] xf] h;df
hNg'k5{ / cfˆgf] lgld{t k|ltdfnfO{ hnfP/ Wj:t kfg{'k5{ . dgf]j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– dg'iosf] dgdf
k[YjLdf x'g ;Sg] ;a} lgs[i6 lsl;dsf ck/fwsf efjx¿ ljBdfg x'G5g\ . xfdLleqsf] k|ltdf
8/nfUbf] 5, h;nfO{ xfdL x]g{ rfxb}gf}+ To;nfO{ o1¿kL clUgdf hnfP/ Wj:t kf/]df dfq :jfWofo
k"/f x'G5 . :jfWofosf] cy{ h] xfdLleq b]Vg ;Sb}gf}+ jf x]g{ rfx“b}gf“}+ Tof] k/dfTdfsf] gh/af6 ;a}
b]lvPsf] 5, hf] n'Sg ;Sb}g eGg] xf] . k/d;Qf;Fu xfdL cfkm"nfO{ n'sfpg ;Sb}gf} . xfdL k|e';dIf
k'Ubf of] agfj6L k|ltdfnfO{ ;fy lnP/ k'Ug ;Sb}gf}+≤ To;}n] :jfWofoeGbf cufl8 logLx¿nfO{ hfg]/
tf]8\g'k5{ . hf] JolQm cfˆgf] ;d:t s'¿ktfnfO{ hfGg ;dy{ x'G5, pm To;af6 d'Qm klg x'g ;S5 .

nf]suLtf– 160
 cWofo–$
:jfWofosf] o1df hfGg' g} d'lQm xf]≤ o;df c¿ s]xL ug}{ kb}{g . /f]usf] klxrfg x'g]lalQs}
/f]uaf6 aflx/ eOG5 . of] k|lqmof :jod\sf] ;fIffTsf/af6 ul/g] ¿kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmof xf]≤ cfTd
;fIffTsf/af6 cfTdqmflGt x'g ;S5 . :jfWofosf] k|lqmofdf nfu]sf] JolQmn] tk, Wofg jf cGo
ljlwsf] s'g} cfjZostf gePsf] atfpF5g\ . :jfWofosf] ;"qn] eG5– cfkm“}+ :jod\sf] 3fpnfO{ lgsf]
kfg{'k5{ . c¿n] leqsf] 3fpsf af/]df yfxf kfpg ;Sb}g, aflx/sf] 3fpsf af/]df dfq yfxf x'g
;S5 . leq s}of}+ hGdb]lvsf] la/fdLkg 5, hf] ulx/f] ¿kdf n's]/ a;]sf] 5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ hfg /
o;af6 d'Qm xf]pm . olb s'g} JolQmn] d em'6f] af]Ng] JolQm x'F eGg] hfGof] eg] ta em'6 af]Ng g} aGb
x'G5 . of] Pp6f ;Tosf] cg'ej xf] . rf]/n] ;f]R5– d rf]/ aGg'df w]/} sf/0fx¿ 5g\, afWotfn] ubf{
dfq rf]/ ePF, cGoyf d rf]/ xf]OgF . qmf]wLn] klg eG5 ltdLn] dnfO{ qmf]w ug{ nufof}, gq d qmf]wL
JolQm xf]OgF . o;/L xfdL cfkm"nfO{ leq ulx/fOdf cfkm" h] 5f“}+ Tof] n'sfP/ cfkm"nfO{ aflx/ c;n
¿kdf k|:t't u5f}{+ . t/ qmf]wLn] qmf]wL x'F eGg] :jLsf/ u¥of] eg] qmf]w ug{ ;Sb}g . :jfWofon] eG5–
h;n] h'g tYonfO{ hfGof] pm To;eGbf aflx/ x'G5 t/ xfdL tYonfO{ hfGb}gf}+“ a? n'sfpF5f}+“ . xfdL
xfd|f] 3[0ff, O{iof{nfO{ c¿ g} s]xL eG5f}+ . xfdL cfkm"nfO{ wf]sf lbg s'zn 5f“}+, leq s]xL x'G5f}“ t/
aflx/ xfdL c¿ g} s'/f b]vfpF5f}+“ . hf] JolQm cfˆgf] leqsf] /f]unfO{ h:tf] 5, To:t} b]Vg ;S5, pm
ToxLF /xg ;Sb}g . p;df ¿kfGt/0f ;'? x'G5 / Tof] ¿kfGt/0f g} :jfWofosf] kl/0ffd xf] .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– :jfWofo¿kL o1sf ;fy} zf:qsf] cWoog o;sf nflu ;xof]uL x'g
;S5 . :jfWofosf nflu ;a} zf:q ;xf/f aGb}g, dfq cfTdj~rgf¿kL zf:q eg] ;xf/f aG5 .
h:tf] ls ;]G6 cu]l:6gsf] lstfa b sGk]m;g (The Confessions) of lnof] 6fN:6fosf] hLjgsyf,
?;f]sf] hLjgsyf, dxfTdf ufGwLsf cfTdsyfx¿ eg] :jfWofosf nflu ;xof]uL aGg ;S5g\ t/
JolQmx¿ logsf] :jfWofo ub}{gg\ . uLtf :jfWofosf nflu Tolt pkof]uL gx'g ;S5 lsgeg]] uLtf
cfTdsyf xf]Og, ;Tosf] jQmJo xf] . ufGwLsf] cfTdsyfdf leqsf /f]ux¿sf syf w]/} 5g\, To;}n]
cfTdsyf pkof]uL x'g ;S5 . :jfWofodf pklgifb\ klg Tolt ;xof]uL x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg]] pklgifb\
;Tosf] p¢f]if0f xf], hxfF Clifx¿ eG5g\– a|Xd 5≤ cxd\ a|Xdfl:d cyf{t\ d a|Xd x'F . of] ;TonfO{
k|fKt ug]{ JolQmx¿sf] cg'e"ltsf] jQmJo xf] . :jfWofodf ;To ghfg]sf t/ c;Tosf] kL8faf6
u'lh|Psf / To;nfO{ p¢fl6t ug]{ ;fx; b]vfPsf JolQmx¿sf] egfOaf6 ;xof]u k'Ug ;S5 . lnof]
6fN:6fonfO{ ;Tosf] s'g} hfgsf/L 5}g To:t} ufGwLnfO{ klg ;Tosf] hfgsf/L 5}g . To;}n] ufGwL
hLjge/ ;Tosf] vf]hdf /x] / cfTdsyfsf] gfd Experimenting the truth /fv] . of] Pp6f Odfgbf/
k|of; xf] .
>Ls[i0fn] O{Zj/hksf] af/]df klg atfpg' ePsf] 5≤ :jfWofosf] ;Gbe{df O{Zj/hksf] uxg
cy{ 5 . JolQmn] ha cfkm"leqsf] gs{sf] :jfWofo ub{5, Tof] b]v]/ JolQm cfTdlgGbfdf kg{ ;S5 jf
oqf] gs{ b]v]/ hLjg Joy{ 5 eGg] nfUg ;S5 . To;}n] :jfWofodf vt/f klg /xG5 . klZrddf
;d:of ljs/fn eof] / dgf]ljZn]ifsx¿n] :jfWofosf] k|lqmof t atfP t/ O{Zj/hksf] s'g} Joj:yf
lbPgg\ . To;}n] klZrddf hLjg cy{xLg ag]sf] 5 . kfk, 3[0ff, lx+;f, O{iof{ g} hLjgdf pkl:yt 5
eg] afFRg'sf] s] cy{ eof] eGg] efjgf a9]sf] 5, h;n] hLjg lg/fzfhgs ag]sf] 5 . ToxfF
JolQmx¿nfO{ k|]dsf] abnfdf snx b]vfOPsf] 5 . klZrddf cfTdljZn]if0fsf] kl/0ffd k|]d xf]Og
s]jn sfdjf;gf xf] eGg] lgisif{ lglSnof] . o;af6 ¿kfGt/0f geO{ JolQmsf] ktg eof] . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f tTsfn :jfWofokl5 O{Zj/hknfO{ klg :d/0f ug'{k5{ eGg'x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 161
cWofo–$
k|]d k5fl8 sfdjf;gf 5, of] xfd|f] tYo xf] t/ jf;gfdf klg k|]d x'g;S5 Tof] xfd|f]
;Defjgf xf] . O{Zj/hksf] cy{ JolQmleq O{Zj/sf] ;Defjgf klg 5 eGg] xfd|f] ;DefjgfnfO{ ofb
/fVg' xf] . To;}n] tYonfO{ ;a} s'/f g7fgL ;DefjgfnfO{ klg :d/0f ug{'k5{ . tYoleq n's]sf] lj/f6\
;Defjgf klg pkl:yt 5 . O{Zj/hksf] cy{ hlt ulx/f] kfk leq eP klg k'0osf] cefj 5}g eGg]
xf] . hlt ulx/f] ck/fw eP klg Ifdfsf] cefj 5}g / hlt;'s} cGwsf/ eP/ k|sfz gb]lvP klg
k|sfzsf] cl:tTj 5 eGg] xf] . O{Zj/hksf] cy{ cGwsf/sf] ulx/f] e8\sfpdf klg k|sfzsf] :d/0f,
kfksf] dWodf klg k/dfTdfsf] :d[lt, ck/fwsf] dWodf klg d'Qm x'g] ;Defjgf klg 5 eGg] xf] .
O{Zj/hk geP :jfWofo vt/gfs klg x'g ;S5 . O{Zj/hk cfzf xf] . dg'io t /fIf;, bfgj h:tf]
5 t/ pm O{Zj/ klg x'g ;S5 . To;}n] hf] 5, ToxL dfq b]lvPsf] 5 / x'g;Sg] ;Defjgfsf] af]w
geP dg'iodf ljs[lt, lj;Ëltx¿ a9]/ k/fsfi7fdf k'Ug klg ;S5 . hf] x'g ;S5 To;sf] :d[lt
klg cGwsf/df plqFb} /Xof] eg] cfzf afFlwG5 .
hksf] cy{ :d/0f xf] . Pp6} zAbnfO{ af/Daf/ bf]xf]¥ofpg' hk xf] . cGwsf/df k|sfzsf]
;DaGw ge'nf}+ eg]/ k|sfzsf] af/Daf/ :d/0f gu/]df cGwsf/df 8'Ag ;Sg] vt/f /xG5 . k|frLg
;dodf O{Zj/hk eGg' kof{Kt lyof] . laxfg p7\g] lalQs} klxnf] zAb /fd x'GYof] . o;sf] cy{ xf]
sltko g/fd|f sfd eP klg z'eaf6 g} d ;'?jft u5{' eg]/ lbgdf hf];'s}nfO{ e]6\bf /fd–/fd eg]/
gd:sf/sf] ;§fdf O{Zj/ hksf] ljlw k|of]u ul/GYof] . h:tf] JolQmnfO{ e]6] klg :d/0f /fdsf]
ul/GYof], ;Defjgf /fd|f] g} k|s6 x'GYof] . Tof] /fdsf] pRrf/0f aflx/L JolQmnfO{ clejfbg xf]Og,
leq n's]sf] JolQm /fds} :d/0f x'GYof] . ckl/lrt JolQmnfO{ klg /fd–/fdsf] clejfbg ul/GYof] .
clxn] klg u|fdL0f ;d'bfodf clejfbgsf] dfWod oxL 5 . Pp6f r]tgf glhs cfof] / To;;Fu
;fIffTsf/ eof] eg] To;sf] ;Defjgfsf] :d/0f lsg gug]{, /ftL ;'Tg]a]nfdf /fd–/fd eg]/ klg
lbge/ h] h:tf] sfo{ u/] klg ;'Tg]a]nf z'e ;Defjgfsf] :d/0f x'GYof] . ;'Tg] a]nfdf /fdsf]
pRrf/0f leqsf] r]tgf;Fu hf]8\g] k|of]u xf] .
O{Zj/hk oflGqs ¿kdf h;n] ub{5 To;n] nfeeGbf xflg k|fKt ub{5 . o:tf] ubf{ sfd
l;Wofpg' h:t} x'G5 . /fd:d/0f sfd xf]Og, hLjgsf] k|f0fsf] ulx/fOdf k|]defj a;fpg] dfgl;stf
xf] . of] k|f0fsf] ulx/fOdf ;'b[9 /xg ;Sof] eg] dfq pkof]uL x'G5 . :jfWofo / O{Zj/hk :jod\sf]
z'enfO{ :d/0f ug{' xf] . oL b'j}sf] tfnd]naf6 hf] o1 kmlnt x'G5 To;sf] gfd :jfWofo o1 xf],
o;af6 JolQm kf/ x'G5 / k/dfTdfdf k|fKt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fn] csf]{ dfu{ :jwd{¿kL o1sf af/]df klg atfpg'ePsf] 5 . JolQm olb cfÎgf]
lghTjnfO{ hf] p;leq lapsf] ¿kdf n's]sf] 5, To;nfO{ km"nsf] ¿kdf km'nfpg kmqmfpg ;s]df
Tof] dfu{af6 klg cGo dfu{nfO{ cjnDag u/]/ k'Ug ;s]sf JolQmx¿ h:t} k/dfTdfsxfF k'Ug ;S5 .
JolQm cfˆgf] lghwd{, :jwd{df k/dfTdfsf] cfzLjf{b, cfgGb k|fKt ub{5 . ha :jwd{af6 k/wd{
cg'¿k x'g rfxG5, tnlt/ u'?Œjfsif{0fn] tfg] em}+ pm ljiffbdf k'Ub5 . of] u'nfasf] km"nn] sdnsf]
km"n x'g vf]h] h:t} x'G5 hf] x'g} ;Sb}g / ljiffb, b'v, kL8fdf kb{5 . xfdL ;a} hGdb]lv g}
lgdf{0fsf] of]hgf lnP/ cfPsf x'G5f}+“ / xfdL s] x'g ;S5f}+ eGg] dfu{lrq xfd|f] k|To]s sf]i7df n's]sf]
x'G5 . xfdL :jwd{eGbf csf]{ wd{df nfUg rfx]df lg/fzf, kL8f dfq k|fKt x'G5 / o; cj:yfdf
JolQm lg/Lx x'G5 . ToxfF p;nfO{ s]xL klg /fd|f] nfUb}g, ;a} Joy{ nfU5 . ;fy} JolQm k/wd{cg'¿k
x'g rfx]df cfˆgf] pmhf{zlQm To;df g} vlr{G5 t/ pm :jwd{cg'¿k x'g;Sb}g lsgeg]] pm h] x'g

nf]suLtf– 162
 cWofo–$
;S5 To;eGbf ljk/Lt x'g ;Sg] s'g} ;Defjgf g} xF'b}g ;fy} k/wd{df ;Lldt pmhf{ Joy{df Joo ug{'
klg lg/y{s x'G5 .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– :jwd{¿kL o1df cfgGb k|fKt x'g ;S5 / To;df g} cfˆgf] k"0f{tf
k|fKt x'g ;S5 . x] ch{'g Û k/wd{sf] ljrf/ gu/L ltdL :jwd{ cg';f/sf] sd{ u5f}{ eg] ltdL cfˆgf]
k"0f{tf k|fKt ug]{ 5f} / k/dfTdfdf k|fKt x'g] 5f} . olb JolQm hLjgdf b'vL 5 eg] kSsf hfGg'k5{ ls
pm :jwd{af6 Ro't ePsf] 5 lsgeg]] :jwd{sf] ofqfdf cfgGb kmlnt x'G5 . olb czflGt 5 eg]
a'‰g'k5{ ls k/wd{sf] k5fl8 rln/x]sf] 5 . :jwd{nfO{ klg cFWof/f]df s;}n] km"nsf] au“}+rfnfO{
;'uGwsf] e/ vf]h] h:t} vf]Hg'k5{ . zflGt :jwd{sf] dfkb08 xf] / zflGt a9\b} uPdf ;'jf; h:tf]
cfgGb klg k|fKt x'g yfN5 .
olb :jwd{cg'¿k sd{ ub}{ 5 eg] p;sf] hLjgdf :jLsf/sf] efj a9\5 / c:jLsf/sf] efj
sd x'G5 . oyfy{df JolQm ;Gt'i6 x'g yfN5 / :jwd{ cg'¿k grn] c;Gt'i6 x'g yfN5 . x/]s lrh
k|lt gsf/fTds efj hfUb5 . ;d:t cl:tTjk|lt lgif]wsf] efj a9\5 . cfl:tstfsf] cy{ ;d:tk|lt
:jLsf/ xf] . b}glGbg sfdaf6 :jwd{sf af/]df yfxf x'Fb}g . To;}n] :jwd{sf] vf]h ug{ leqsf]
;+;f/df k|j]z ug{'k5{ . ;a} OlG›osf åf/nfO{ aGb u/]/ leqsf] ofqf ;'? ug{'k5{ / hlt leqsf] ofqf
u¥of], ToxL“+af6 Wjlg ;'lgG5, O;f/f k|fKt x'G5 / hlt leq Wofg lbof], Tolt g} Wjlg / O;f/f :ki6
x'g yfN5 . ;'?df Wjlg Hofb} dlng x'G5 / la:tf/} :ki6 x'g yfN5 .
:jwd{sf] hfgsf/L cGt/jf0fLaf6 dfq yfxf x'g ;S5 . of] cGt/jf0fLsf] ofqfaf6 :jwd{sf]
O;f/f k|fKt x'G5 . hlt leq 8'a'NsL nufof] Tolt g} leqsf] cGt/jf0fL ;'lgg yfN5 . ;a}sf] leq pm
n's]sf] eP klg Tof] cfjfh ;'Ggsf nflu cfkm"nfO{ tof/ / k|lzlIft ug{'k5{ . r]tgfnfO{ Psfu|
agfP/ ;'Gg] lg/Gt/ k|of;af6 dfq Tof] ;'Gg ;lsG5 . xfd|f] cGt/ cfTdfnfO{ :jwd{ s] xf] eg]/
yfxf 5 . To;}n] df}g /x]/ leq Wofg s]lG›t u/]/ ;'Gg] sf]l;; ul//Xof] eg] leqsf] cfjfh ;'lgG5 .
Psk6s leqsf] :j/ ;'Gg yflnof] eg] hLjgdf s;}sf] ;Nnfxsf] cfjZostf kb}{g . leqaf6 s]jn
:jwd{sf] dfq cfjfh cfpF5, k/wd{sf] cfjfh ;bf aflx/af6 cfpF5 . :jwd{¿kL tk, o1sf] s'/f
hf] >Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] 5 Tof] ToxL JolQmn] k"/f ug{ ;S5 hf] cfkm"leqsf] cGt/jf0fL ;'Gg ;Ifd
x'G5 . ;a};Fu Tof] cGt/jf0fLsf] ;|f]t x'G5≤ s]jn xfdLnfO{ To;sf] :d/0f dfq gePsf] xf] . h'g lbg
leqsf] cfjfh ;'lgg yfN5 ToxL lbg JolQmnfO{ u'? k|fKt x'G5, h'g u'? leq ljBdfg 5g\ .
k/dfTdfn] k|To]snfO{ Tof] ljj]s, cGt:s/0f / cGt/jf0fL lbPsf 5g\ h;;Fu xfdLn] ;f]Wg ;''? u¥of}+“
eg] pQ/ k|fKt x'g yfN5 / Tof] pQ/ slxNo} unt x'Fb}g . cGt/jf0fL ;'Gg;Sg] l:ylt g} :jwd{¿kL
o1sf] d"n cfwf/ xf] . s[i0fn] klxn] b'O{ o1sf] rrf{ ul/;s]kl5 of] t];|f] o1sf] rrf{ ub}{ eGg'x'G5–
:jwd{¿kL o1nfO{ klg olb s;}n] k"/f u¥of] eg] k/dfTdfsf] dlGb/df p;sf] k|j]z x'G5 . :jwd{sf]
ulx/f] tŒj t leqsf] cfjfh ;'Gg;Sg] JolQmn] dfq k"/f u5{ .
d]x/afaf h;n] cfˆgf] cGt/–cfjfh ;'Ggsf nflu hLjgsf] lt; jif{ aflx/sf ;a}
cfjfhx¿ aGb u/]/ df}g x'g'eof] . pxfF aflx/af6 ;a} aGb u/]/ df}g /xg'eof] / lgik§ leqsf]
cfjfhdf afFRg'eof] . x}b/fjfb glhs} pxfFn] 7'nf] k|oTg u/]/ Pp6f cf>d agfpg'eof] . a8f]
k|tLIffsf ;fy pxfF To; cf>dsf] åf/;Dd k'Ug'eof] t/ leq k|j]z g} gu/L 9f]sfaf6 g} pxfF
kmls{g'eof] . pxfFn] O;f/faf6 g} cfkm" To; ejgdf k|j]z gug]{ atfpg'eof] . /flt Tof] ejg k"/}
elTsof] . ef/taf6 pxfF o'/f]klt/ hfFb} x'g'x'GYof] . hxfh t]n eg{sf nflu sxL+ Po/kf]6{df plqof] /
k'gM p8\g tof/ eof] . ofqLx¿ wdfwd hxfhdf r9] t/ afafn] gr9\g] O;f/f ug{'eof] . Tof] hxfh

nf]suLtf– 163
cWofo–$
p8]sf] !% ldg]6df g} b'3{6gfu|:t eof] . ;a} ofqL ;dfKt eP . o:tf 36gf w]/}k6s 36] . afaf
slxn] / s'g sfddf /f]lsg'x'G5 s;}n] eGg ;Sb}gy] . :jod\ pxfFnfO{ klg yfxf x'Fb}gYof] . cGt/–
cfjfhn] h] eGYof] pxfF ToxL ug{'x'GYof] . afafsf] hLjg :jwd{sf] vf]hsf] hLjg xf] leqsf] :j/sf]
vf]hsf] hLjg xf] . leqsf] :j/df hLjg rNg'sf] cy{ hLjg :jod\af6 xf]Og k/dfTdfaf6 rNg' xf] .
h'g lbg leqsf] jf0fLaf6 rn]sf] :jwd{df cfwfl/t hLjg rN5 To;} lbg :jwd{¿kL o1 k"/f x'G5 .
csf]{ o1 of]uo1 xf] . of]usf] cfˆgf] ;fwgf k|lqmof x'G5 . ci6fËof]u of]usf] cf7 cË xf] .
kt~hlnn] of]usf cf7 cË atfPsf 5g\ . ltg} cf7 r/0f, cf7 lx:;f ldn]/ of]u aGb5 / k"/f
x'G5 . of]u z/L/ xf] To;sf cf7 cË 5g\ . dg'iosf OlG›o j[lQx¿ g} dflns x'G5g\ / h'g OlG›o
cufl8 x'G5g\ ltg}n] cfˆgf] xfnLd'xfnL rnfpF5g\ . ha nf]e xfaL x'G5 ta nf]e g} dflns x'G5 .
ha qmf]w xfdLdf ;jf/ x'G5 ta o:tf] nfU5 ls qmf]w g} d x'F . ha k|]d ;jf/ x'G5 ta nfU5 ls
k|]d g} ;a} s'/f xf] . h'g j[lQn] xfdLnfO{ ;dfT5, xfdL p;sf] xftsf] v]nf}gf aG5f“}+ . oyfy{
dflnssf af/]df yfxf g} x'Fb}g lsgeg]] dflns lr/lg›fdf ;'lt/x]sf] x'G5 .
jf:tljs dflnsnfO{ hufpg' of]usf] cy{ xf] . of]usf] cy{ PsLs[t ug{' xf] . JolQm v08–
v08df 6'6]sf] xf]Og, cv08 xf];\ . ha JolQm Ps x'G5, ta ;a} OlG›o, j[lQx¿ dflnssf] cwLgdf
x'G5g\ . of]u:y r]tgf ;d:t OlG›osf] dflns x'G5 clg OlG›o 5fof h:tf] kl5 kl5 lxF8\5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û of]u o1 klg xf] . of] r]tgfnfO{ s;/L hufpg], ;'t]sf] dflnsnfO{
s;/L lAfpFemfpg], JolQmx¿nfO{ s;/L l:y/ agfpg] / PsLs[t s;/L u/fpg] eGg] ;DaGwdf
pkof]uL x'G5 . of]usf s}of}+“ k|lqmofx¿ 5g\ h;af6 ;'t]sf] dflnsnfO{ p7fOG5 . of]u leq ;'t]/
a;]sf]nfO{ lAfpFemfpg] / p;nfO{ p7fpg] k|of; ug{' xf] .
of]usf w]/} af6fx¿ 5g\ . x7of]u, /fhof]u, dGqof]u, tGqof]u cflb ;a}sf cnu–cnu
dfu{x¿ 5g\ . of]usf s}of}+ ljlwx¿ 5g\ / o;af6 hf] leq k|;'Kt 5, To;nfO{ hufpg] r]i6f ul/G5 .
ç -c–p–d\ Öcf]d\_ of] dGq of]uaf6 leq a;]sf] r}tGonfO{ hufpg] ljlw xf] . olb s'g} JolQm
hf]8n] ç sf] leq gfb u¥of] eg] p;sf] gflesf] glhs rf]6 nfUg yfN5 . gfle hLjg pmhf{sf]
s]G› xf] . gfleaf6 g} aRrf cfdf;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 / ToxL+“af6 hLjg kfpF5 . cgfof; b'3{6gf x'Fbf
;a}eGbf klxnf] rf]6 gfO6f]df g} k5{ . ç o:tf] Wjlg xf] h;sf dfWodaf6 leq wSsf jf rf]6
k'U5 . çsf/n] gfO6fdf dHhfn] wSsf k'U5 / ;'t]sf] r]tgfnfO{ hufpF5 . ç df c pm d x'G5 /
hf]8n] o;sf] pRrf/0f u¥of] eg] gfO6fdf sDkg x'G5 . O:nfddf cNnfx x'F zAb 5 h'g
d';ndfgx¿ ç h:t} k|of]u u5{g\ . cNnfx x'F df x'F sf] rf]6 gfO6f]df kb{5 . ç / cNnfx x'F cnu
cnu zAb eP klg k|of]hg / kl/0ffd Pp6} x'G5 .
of]usf w]/} ljlwaf6 ;'if'Kt r}tGonfO{ hufpg] k|of; ul/G5 / dflns p7]kl5 PsLs/0f x'g
yfN5 . of]u:y JolQm cGt/–cg'zf;gn] el/G5 . leqsf] JolQm hfUg] lalQs} cGo dfu{af6 h]
kl/0ffd x'G5, o; dfu{af6 klg ToxL kl/0ffd cfpF5 . :jfWofo, :jwd{, cGt/jf0fL, clx+;f cflbsf]
k|of]uaf6 h] x'G5 jf h'g r]tgf hfU5, of]usf ljlwx¿af6 klg ToxL kl/0ffd k|fKt x'G5 . of]usf
w]/} ljlwx¿ 5g\ . JolQmsf] cj:yf x]/]/ ljlwsf] lg0f{o ul/G5 . hf] JolQmsf] gfb tLj| alnof] 5,
To;nfO{ dGqof]usf] ljlwaf6 hufpg] k|of; ul/G5 . h;sf] b[li6af]w tLj| 5, p;nfO{ Psfu|tfsf]
k|of]u qf6s ljlwaf6 hufpg] k|of; ul/G5 . h;sf] /Ëaf]w tLj| 5, p;nfO{ /Ësf dfWodåf/f klg
dfu{ ldNg ;S5 t/ of] JolQmdf lge{/ u5{ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]uo1åf/f klg k'?if
k/d;Qfdf k'Ug ;S5 .

nf]suLtf– 164
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ckfg] h'Xjlt k|f0f+ k|f0f]˜kfg+ tyfk/] .
k|f0ffkfgutL ?b\Wjf k|f0ffofdk/fo0ffM ..@(..
s'g} k|f0ffofddf tNnLg Pjd\ bIf of]uLx¿ k|f0fjfo'nfO{ ckfgjfo'df, ckfgjfo'nfO{ k|f0fjfo'df
/f]Sg] cEof; ub{5g\ / k|f0f / ckfg b'j} jfo'nfO{ /f]s]/ ;dflwdf k|j]z ub{5g\ ..
>Ls[i0fn] o; Znf]sdf of]usf] Pp6f csf]{ cfofdsf af/]df eGg'ePsf] 5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5–
s'g} k|f0ffofddf bIf of]uLx¿ k|f0fjfo'nfO{ ckfgjfo'df / ckfgjfo'nfO{ k|f0fjfo'df /f]Sg] cEof;
ub{5g\ / k|f0f / ckfg jfo'nfO{ /f]s]/ ;dflwdf k|j]z ub{5g\ . dflg;sf ;fydf cl:tTj;Fu hf]l8g]
w]/} åf/x¿ 5g\ . xfdL k/dfTdf;Fu w]/} efFtLaf6 hf]l8Psf 5f}+“ . h;/L Pp6f j[If Pp6f dfq xf]Og
ls cg]sf}+ h/f;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 To;}u/L xfdL klg w]/} cl:tTj¿kL h/f;Fu hf]l8Psf x'G5f}+ . xfdL
k/dfTdf;Dd k'Ug cg]sf}+dWo] s'g} Ps cl:tTj¿kL h/f jf dfWodaf6 k|j]z ug{ ;S5f}+ . hLjg
pmhf{ h'g gfO6f]df /x]sf] 5 Tof] k/dfTdfdf k'Ug] Pp6f åf/ xf] . To:t} hLjg pmhf{ k|f0fdf /
Zjf;df klg ;~rflnt 5 . Zjf; rNbf JolQm hLljt ePsf] / Zjf; /f]lsPdf pm ;dfKt ePsf]
yfxf x'G5 . t;y{ Zjf;df g} ;a} hLjg lge{/ x'G5 . Zjf;sf dfWodaf6 g} z/L/ / cfTdfsf]
;+of]hg x'G5 . o;y{ Zjf; k'n ePsfn] of]uLhg Zjf;sf dfWodaf6 k/d cg'e"ltdf k|fKt x'G5g\ .
Zjf;sf] cfˆgf] k|f0fof]u x'G5 / o;sf w]/} ¿kx¿ 5g\ .
Zjf;sf] ult dgf]bzf;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . dg h:tf] x'G5 Zjf;sf] ult p:t} aG5 . #))
jif{ klxn] /ut z/L/df rN5 eg]/ s;}nfO{ yfxf lyPg . o:tf] nfUYof] ls /ut el/Psf] dfq 5 .
ha /Qmrfksf af/]df hfgsf/L eof], ta /Qmsf] bafa cyf{t\ /Qm;~rf/ JolQmsf w]/} cËx¿;Fu
hf]l8Psf] 5 eGg] yfxf eof] . /Qmrfk ePh:t} d'6'sf] rfk jf jfo'rfk klg x'G5 . jfo'sf] pRr /
Go"g rfk, jfo'sf t/Ëx¿sf] e]bn] JolQmsf] cGt/ dgf]bzfnfO{ kl/jt{g ub{5 hf] p;sf] hLjg
pmhf{;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . ha xfdL qmf]wdf x'G5f}+ xfd|f] Zjf;sf] ult ;fwf/0f geO{ kl/jt{g x'G5 .
o;sf] cy{ olb Zjf;sf] ultdf lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsof] eg] qmf]w lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 . hfkfgdf
afNofj:yfb]lv g} of]u l;sfOG5, hf] k|f0fof]usf] Pp6f ;"q xf] . pgLx¿ afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ xfd|f]
h:tf] qmf]w gu/ eGb}gg\ a? k/Dk/fb]lv g} l;s]sf] ljlw l/; p7\g] lalQs} Zjf; ulx/f] clg la:tf/}
la:tf/} lng] jf km]g]{ ub{5g\ . hfkfgdf of]usf] k|frLg ;"q a'4dfkm{t\ k'Uof] hf] cToGt j}1flgs /
k|efjsf/L 5 .
a'4n] Zjf;dfly lgs} hf]8 lbg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] ;f/f of]u >Ls[i0fn] eg]em}+ k|f0fof]u xf] .
cfgfkfg ;ltof]u cfpg] / hfg] Zjf;nfO{ x]g{' g} a'4n] of]u eGg'ePsf] 5 . olb s;}n] o;
/x:onfO{ hfGof] eg] p;nfO{ c¿ s]xL ug{' cfjZos 5}g . To;}n] a'4 eGg'x'G5– cfgfkfg ;ltof]u
l;4 eof] eg] ;a} l;4 eof] . of]usf] o; zfGt cj:yfdf Zjf; rn]sf] klg yfxf x'Fb}g . cToGt
xNsf jf rn]s} 5}g h:tf] nfU5 . ha sfdjf;gf dgdf p7\5 ta Zjf; c:tJo:t x'G5, /Qmrfk
a9\5 / z/L/n] kl;gf 5f]8\g yfN5 clg Zjf; t]h x'G5 . k|To]s ;do leqsf] l:ylt;Fu Zjf;
hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . k|f0fof]usf] cy{ xfd|f] Zjf; w]/} ulx/f];Dd k|j]z ubf{ To;n] xfd|f] cfTdfnfO{ klg
:kz{ u5{ eGg] xf] . ;'Tbf, p7\bf k"/f ;do Zjf; cfbfgk|bfg x'G5 . Zjf; cfbfgk|bfg x'g' g}
Zjf;sf] ¿kfGt/0f / k|f0fof]u xf] . of] ¿kfGt/0faf6 JolQm k/d;Qfdf k'U5 . Wofgsf] ulx/f]
cg'ejdf Zjf; aGb h:t} x'G5 . ha Zjf; leqsf] leq / aflx/sf] aflx/ g} /x]/ Ps If0fsf nflu
/f]lsG5 To; If0fdf k/d cg'ejsf] ls/0f pTkGg x'G5 . Zjf;sf] of] /f]sfj6df cl:tTj k"/f

nf]suLtf– 165
cWofo–$
;Gt'lnt eO{ ;+od pTkGg x'G5 . To; If0fdf JolQm k/d ultdf plqP/ zfZjTfdf 8'Ab5 /
;gftg;Fu ;Dks{ hf]8\b5 .
Zjf;sf] cfGbf]ng xfd|f] kl/jt{gzLn hut\;Fu ;DalGwt 5 eg] Zjf; cfGbf]ng/lxt x'g'
xfd|f] ckl/jt{gzLn lgTo hut\;Fu ;DalGwt x'g' xf] . To;}n] Zjf; lgoGq0f jf /f]Sg] sfd cb\e't
cg'ej xf] . k|f0ffofdsf ;fy ulx/f];Fu Wofgdf plqg] JolQmn] s] cg'ej u5{ eg] k|lzlIft Zjf; /
Wofgsf lar tfnd]n x'Fbf Zjf; /f]lsG5 . Zjf; /f]lsg] lalQs} tTsfn ljrf/ /f]lsG5 / r]tgf
sfnftLt x'G5 . ljrf/eGbf aflx/ jf lglj{rf/ x'g] lalQs} a|Xdsf] åf/df k'luG5 / ljrf/df lkmtf{
x'g] lalQs} ;+;f/sf] lardf pkl:yt eOG5 . kbfy{ / k/dfTdfsf lar kftnf] ljrf/sf] kqafx]s
c¿ s]xL x'Fb}g . ljrf/sf] kbf{ x6fpgsf nflu ;fIfLefj jf Wofgsf] k|of]u ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . h'g lbg
ljrf/ /xFb}g, To;} ;do Zjf; klg zfGt /xG5 / To;} If0fdf k/d;Qfdf k'luG5 .
h] xfd|f] leq 5 Tof] klg aflx/sf] lx:;f xf] . clxn] dleqsf] Zjf; Ps If0f cl3 c¿
s;}sf] Zjf; lyof], cem cl3 sxL+ cGoq g} lyof] . clxn] h] d]/f] leq 5, Tof] d}n] d]/f] eGg} gkfO{
aflx/ uO;Sof] . h] xfd|f] leq 5 To;nfO{ aflx/sf] k|f0f hut\df ;dlk{t ug]{ xf] eg] leq s]xL klg
afFsL /x+“b}g, ;a} z"Go x'G5 . Pp6f leqsf] k|f0fnfO{ aflx/sf] lj/f6\sf] hut\ jfo'd08ndf ;dlk{t
u¥of}+“ eg] klg Pp6} 36gf 36\5 . of t xfdL leqsf] k|f0fnfO{ aflx/ k|f0fdf ;dk{0f u/f}+“ jf xfdL
aflx/sf] k|f0fnfO{ leqsf] k|f0fdf ;lDdlnt u/f“}+– oL b'j} k|lqmofaf6 xjg k"/f x'G5 . h] u/] klg
b'j}lt/af6 o1 k"0f{ x'G5 .
ck/] lgotfxf/fM k|f0ffGk|f0f]if' h'Xjlt .
;j]{˜Ko]t] o1ljbf] o1IflktsNdiffM ..#)..
sltko of]uLx¿ ckfg jfo'df k|f0fjfo'nfO{ xjg u5{g\, To:t} sltko of]uLhg k|f0fjfo'df
ckfgjfo'sf] xjg u5{g\ tyf cGo sltko lgoldt cfxf/ ug]{ k|f0ffod k/fo0f k''?if k|f0f / ckfgsf]
ultnfO{ /f]s]/ k|f0fnfO{ k|f0fdf g} xjg ub{5g\ . o;k|sf/sf o1 u/]/ kfk gfz u/]sf JolQmx¿ o1
ug{'sf] p2]Zo;Fu kl/lrt x'G5g\ ..
>Ls[i0f of]usf cGo k|lqmofsf af/]df klg atfpg'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– sltko of]uLx¿
ckfg jfo'df k|f0fjfo'nfO{ xjg ub{5g\, To:t} cGo of]uLhgx¿ k|f0fjfo'df ckfg jfo'sf] xjg
ub{5g\ / cGo sltko lgoldt ;+oldt cfxf/ ug]{ k'?if k|f0fnfO{ k|f0fdf g} xf]d ub{5g\ . lgoldt
;+oldt cfxf/sf] cy{ x/]s lrh ef]hgnufot aflx/af6 leq ;+oldt eP/ lnOof];\ eGg] xf] . xfdL
cfFvfaf6 klg cfxf/ u5f}{+, sfg, :kz{ cflbaf6 klg xfdL cfxf/ u5f}{+ . aflx/af6 z/L/df xfdL h]
h] lnG5f}+ Tof] ;a} cfxf/ xf] . ;+oldt, lgoldt cfxf/sf] cy{ Tof] JolQm hf] cfˆgf] OlG›osf] åf/af6
ToxL cfxf/ lnG5 hf] k|f0fnfO{ k|f0fdf ;dlk{t x'g ;xof]uL x'G5 . xfdL OlG›oåf/f k|f0fnfO{ pQ]lht
ug]{ cfxf/ lnG5f}+“ h;n] k|f0fnfO{ pQ]lht tyf ljlIfKt u/fpF5 . o:tf] cfxf/n] k|f0fnfO{ ljifolt/
bf}8fpF5 / ha ;+oldt / lgoldt cfxf/ lnG5f“}+ ta k|f0fn] k|f0fnfO{ g} k|Hjlnt u5{ . ha xfdL
pQ]hs cfxf/ lnG5f“}+ To;n] lrQnfO{ bf}8fpF5 . olb cfFvfn] s'g} pQ]hs cfxf/ lnof] eg] To;n]
lrQnfO{ bf}8fpF5 / /ftdf ;'Tg klg lb+b}g . lrQ ToxL pQ]hgfdf clNem/xG5, To;n] a]r}gL dfq
NofpF5 . of] ;f/f a]r}gL unt cfxf/sf] kl/0ffd xf] . xfdLn] a]jf:tf u/]sf] sfdaf6 cfFvf, sfg,
gfs, 5fnf, lha|f]n] ;"Id ¿kn] cfxf/ lnO/x]sf x'G5g\ . To;n] lbdfudf ljs[lt NofpF5, h;sf] s'g}
cf}iflw g} 5}g .

nf]suLtf– 166
 cWofo–$
;+oldt jf lgoldt cfxf/jfnf JolQm Tof] xf] h;n] cfkm"leq k|To]s lrhsf] k/LIf0f u/]/
dfq cfxf/ u|x0f u5{ . p;n] cfˆgf k|To]s OlG›osf] åf/df åf/kfn¿kL ljj]s /fv]sf] x'G5 /
To;}nfO{ leq nfG5 hf] pQ]hs x'Fb}g . ;+oldt JolQmn] 1fg]lG›osf dfWodaf6 tL ;a}nfO{ leq
n}hfG5, hf] cfTdfsf nflu zflGtsf] dfu{ x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o;k|sf/ o1 u/]/
kfkgfz u/]sf JolQmx¿ o1 ug'{sf] p2]Zo;Fu hfgsf/ x'G5g\ . o:tf] JolQm k/d;Todf k|fKt x'G5 .
t;y{ x] ch{'g Û of] of]uaf6 klg ToxLF k'Ug ;lsG5 hxfF cGo dfu{af6 k'luG5 .
o1lzi6fd[te'hf] oflGt a|Xd ;gftgd\ .
gfo+ nf]sf]˜:Too1:o s'tf]˜GoM s'?;Qd ..#!..
x] s''?>]i7 ch{'g Û o;k|sf/sf o1 u/]/ kfkgfz u/]sf / o1 ug{'sf] p2]Zo;Fu kl/lrt
JolQmx¿ kfksd{af6 d'Qm x'G5g\ / o1sf] kmn¿kL cd[t kfg u/]/ k/a|Xd k/dfTdfdf nLg x'G5g\ .
o1 gug]{ dflg;x¿sf nflu o; nf]sdf t ;'v 5}g eg] k/nf]sdf s;/L ;'v xf]nf / ÛÆ
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;sf] hLjg o1¿k, jf;gf/lxt Pjd\ cxÍf/z"Go 5, To:tf] k'?ifx¿
kfksd{af6 d'Qm x'G5g\ ;fy} pgLx¿ cd[tkfg ub}{ cfgGbdf l:yt eP/ a|Xddf k|fKt x'G5g\ . t/
o1¿kL hLjg gx'g] k'?ifx¿nfO{ o; nf]s / k/nf]s b'j}df cfgGb k|fKt x'Fb}g . ha;Dd hLjg
jf;gf / cxÍf/sf] jl/kl/ 3'ld/xG5 ta;Dd o1 x'Fb}g . JolQmsf] jf;gf IfL0f x'g] lalQs} p;n]
k/dfTdfsf] kl/e|d0f u/]/ cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{ o1¿k agfpF5 . o:tf] JolQmsf] cfˆgf] s'g} s]G› x'Fb}g
/ pm k/dfTdfsf] pku|x aG5 . oyfy{df jf;gf / cxª\sf/z"Go k'?ifsf] hLjg o1¿k x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf k'?if 1fg¿kL cd[t kfg u/]/ k/a|Xd k/dfTdfdf nLg x'G5g\ . d[To'
c;Dej 36gf xf] h'g x'g} ;Sb}g . xfdLnfO{ lbgfg'lbg x'g] ;fdfGo d[To' g} d[To' nfU5 lsgeg]] xfdL
cGwsf/ / c1fgdf 5f}+ . d[To' c1fgdf 3l6t x'g] 36gf xf] . h'g lbg xfdL 1fgjfg\ x'g] 5f}+, Tof]
lbg cd[tdfq z]if /xg] 5 / cd/tf k|fKt x'g] 5 .
cfh;Dd xfdLn] sf]xL d/]sf b]v]sf 5}gf}+“ . xfdLn] b]v]sf] t z/L/sf] labf x'g] k|lqmof dfq
xf] . hLjg ;dfKt x'Fb}g, z/L/dfq labf x'G5 . Tof] z/L/sf] labfOnfO{ xfdL d[To' 7fG5f}+“ lsgeg]]
xfdLn] z/L/eGbf leGg cl:tTjsf] 1fg xfl;n u/]sf 5}gf}+“ . xfd|f] cg'ej z/L/ g} d x'F eGg] 5 .
To;}n] z/L/ ;dfKt ePkl5 xfdLnfO{ d[t eof}+ eGg] nfU5 . z/L/leqsf] tŒjnfO{ ghfGg] JolQm
c1fgL xf] . :jod\nfO{ hfGg] 1fg dfq 1fg xf] . ha xfdL Pp6f JolQmnfO{ lge]sf] b]V5f}+ ta pm
d/]sf] 7fG5f}+“ . z/L/sf] d[To' lbof] lgEg'h:t}, b]Vg] b[li6af6 ljnLg eP/ cb[Zodf nLg x'g' xf] . of]
k|s6–ck|s6sf] qmd JolQm d'Qm geP;Dd cgj/t rln/xG5 . xfdL ;a}sf] leq klg cfTdfsf]
v'lDrg] :yfg x'G5 h;nfO{ oGqx¿n] kqmg ;Sb}gg\ . b"la{g cfFvfsf] lj:tf/ xf], 6]lnkmf]g sfgsf]
lj:tf/ xf], ;f/f oGq OlG›osf lj:tf/ x'g\ . t/ ctLlG›onfO{ oGqn] ;dfTg ;Sb}g . hLjg pmhf{
ctLlG›o xf] h;nfO{ OlG›oaf6 leq uP/ dfq hfGg ;lsG5 . 1fgL OlG›osf] dfu{ 5f]8]/ :jod\nfO{
hfGb5 . olb Ps If0f klg :jod\sf] emns ldNof] eg] Tof] cd[t pknAw x'G5 h;sf] s'g} d[To',
s'g} k|f/De / cGt x'Fb}g . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f 1fg¿kL cd[t / c1fg¿kL d[To' eGg'x'G5 . cfTdf
hLljt 5 lsgeg]] cfTdfsf] d[To' x'Fb}g . kbfy{sf] cl:tTj dfq 5 eg] cfTdfsf] hLjg / cl:tTj b'j}
5.
xfdLnfO{ c1fgsf sf/0f cfkm" s] x'F eGg] hfgsf/L 5}g . c1fgL cfkm"k|lt a]xf]; x'G5 /
1fgL cfkm"k|lt xf];n] el/Psf] x'G5 . o:tf JolQm g} 1fg, cfgGbdf k'u]/ k/nf]s / k/fTk/ a|Xd
k|fKt ub{5g\ . k/nf]s oxL+ ;fydf 5 t/ xfdLnfO{ o;sf] hfgsf/L 5}g . h;nfO{ cfˆgf af/]df g}

nf]suLtf– 167
cWofo–$
hfgsf/L 5}g eg] p;nfO{ k/nf]ssf] s;/L hfgsf/L x'g ;Snf Û k/nf]sdf hfg] åf/ g} :jod\sf]
cl:tTj xf] . h;nfO{ :jod\sf] hfgsf/L x'G5 p;nfO{ nf]s / k/nf]s b'j}sf] hfgsf/L x'G5 . xfd|f]
aflx/ nf]s / leq k/nf]s x'G5 . d[To'kl5 k/nf]s k|fKt x'g] xf]Og, k/nf]s t oxL+ g} 5 . ha xfdL
aflx/lt/ Wofg lbG5f“}+ ta k/nf]s x/fpF5 / ha k/nf]slt/ Wofg s]lG›t u5f}{+ ta nf]s x/fpF5 .
lg›f nf]s / k/nf]ssf] lardf 5 . lg›f d"R5f{ xf] hxfF nf]s / k/nf]s b'j} x/fpF5g\ . To:t} Wofg
klg nf]s / k/nf]ssf] lardf 5 . Wofgdf nf]s x/fpF5 / k/nf]s ;'? x'G5 . ha r]tgf aflx/lt/
hfG5, ta nf]s b]lvG5 ha r]tgf leqlt/ df]l8G5 ta k/nf]s b]lvG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fgL
k'?if k/nf]sdf cfglGbt x'G5g\ . h'g JolQmn] a|XdnfO{ hfGb5, p;n] cfTdfsf] cd/tfnfO{ hfGb5
/ p;n] k/nf]snfO{ oxLF ePsf] klg hfGb5 . h;n] cd[tnfO{ hfGb}g To;n] cfgGb k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g
lsgeg] aflx/sf] nf]sdf cfgGb kfpg ;lsFb}g . o:tf JolQmn] g} ;+;f/df b'v dfq kfpF5g\ .
d[To' x'G5 eGg] ;f]r ePsf dflg;n] slxNo} ;'v kfpFb}gg\ . d[To'sf] ljrf/n] aflx/sf ;a}
;'vnfO{ ljiffQm kfl/lbG5 . olb aflx/ clnslt ;'v lng' 5 eg] d[To'nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kn] e'Ng'k5{ .
To;}n] xfdL d[To' e'Ng] k|of; u5f}{+ t/ h;nfO{ xfdL e'Ng rfxG5f“}+, To;sf] emg\ a9L ofb cfpF5≤ of]
:d[ltsf] lgod xf] . hf] JolQm d[To' e'Ng ;S5 To;nfO{ ;+;f/df s]xL If0f ;'v k|tLt x'G5 . t/
h;nfO{ d[To'sf] lh1f;f ;'? x'G5, p;sf] ToxL If0f ;GGof; ;'? x'G5 . hGdkl5 z/L/sf] labfO x'g]
s'/f dfq lglZrt 5 . t/ Tof] cj:yf :d/0f gxf];\ eg]/ xfdL Zjf; aGb ePkl5 xtf/ xtf/
3f6df k'¥ofpF5f}+“ . xfdL d[To' e'Ng vf]H5f}+“ t/ xfdL h] e'Ng vf]H5f}+ Tof] e'Ng sl7g x'G5 .
h;nfO{ leqsf] cd[tsf] hfgsf/L 5}g p;n] k/nf]sdf cfgGb kfpg} ;Sb}g ;fy} o;
nf]sdf klg b'v dfq kfpF5 . h;nfO{ leq cfgGb ldn]sf] 5, p;nfO{ aflx/ klg cfgGb g} k|fKt
x'G5 . c1fgdf ;a} ;'v b'v x'G5 eg] 1fgdf b'v klg ;'v x'G5 . 1fgLn] j[Ifsf] ;'s]sf] kftdf klg
gofF sf]dn xl/t kqsf] pbo x'g nfu]sf] / d[To'sf] åf/ klg hGdsf] åf/ ePsf] b]V5 . o;}sf/0f
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– 1fg¿kL cd[tnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ JolQmx¿ kfkaf6 d'Qm x'G5g\ / pgLx¿df
cfgGbsf] jiff{ x'G5 / c1fg¿kL ljifdf afFRg] JolQmnfO{ b'vsf] ctn ;fu/ dfq k|fKt x'G5 . hf]
1fgdf k|fKt x'G5g\ ltgLx¿ o; nf]sdf / k/nf]sdf klg cfgGbn] el/G5g\ .
Pj+ ax'lawf o1f ljttf a|Xd0ff] d'v] .
sd{hflGjl4 tfG;jf{g]j+ 1fTjf ljdf]Io;] ..#@..
o;k|sf/ ljljw o1x¿ j]bjf0fLdf cyf{t\ a|Xdjf0fLdf j0f{g ul/Psf 5g\ . oL ;a} o1x¿
z/L/, dg / OlG›osf lqmofaf6 pTkGg x'G5g\ eGg] hfg . o;k|sf/ tŒjaf]w u/]/ To;sf]
cg''i7fgåf/f ltdL sd{aGwgaf6 ;j{bf d''Qm x''g] 5f} ..
ljljw cg'i7fgx¿åf/f o1;DkGg ub}{ lgisfd sd{sf] efjn] ›i6f¿k ePsf] JolQm d'Qm
x'G5 . o; Znf]sdf >Ls[i0f klxn] elgPs} s'/fx¿sf] lgiklQ atfpFb} eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û hLjgsf
;d:t sd{nfO{ sfdgfsf] ¿kdf xf]Og lgisfdgfsf ¿kdf u/]df ;+;f/ aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'g]5f} .
xfdLnfO{ sfdgf ljgf s'g} sd{sf] hfgsf/L g} 5}g lsgeg]] xfd|f ;a} sd{x¿ ;sfd 5g\ . To;}n] t
xfdL b'v dfq kfpF5f“}+ / cfgGb slxNo} kfpFb}gf}+ . ;sfd sd{df ha;Dd sd{ afFsL /xG5 ta;Dd
;'v kfpg] cfzf /xG5 t/ ha sd{ k"/f x'G5, ta b'v dfq cfOnfU5 . lgisfd sd{ ubf{ sfdgfaf6
z"Go x'g'kb{5 / ha sd{ k"/f x'G5, ta JolQm cfgGbn] kl/k"0f{ x'G5 . xfdL ;sfd sd{nfO{ hfGb5f}+
lsgeg]] xfdL ;sfd sd{ g} u5f}{+ . xfdL k|fy{gf, ehg, k"hf klg ;sfd g} u5f}{+ / Tof] ;sfd
sfdgf g} xfd|f] b'vsf] d"n xf] .

nf]suLtf– 168
 cWofo–$
/fd cfˆgf] s'6Ldf x'g'x'GYof] . ToxfF crfgs :j0f{d[u b]lvof] . ;Ltfsf dgdf sfdgf bf}l8of]
/ :j0f{d[u cfˆgf nflu NofOlbg /fdnfO{ cg'/f]w ug{'eof] . :j0f{d[u ;dfTg /fd kl5–kl5
bf}l8g'eof] . xfdL ;a} klg ToxL :j0f{d[u¿kL ;+;f/df ;Ltf¿kL sfdgfsf] cfb]z kfngf ug{
/fd¿kL zlQmnfO{ Tof] c;Dej :j0f{d[u¿kL jf;gf kfpg bf}l8O/xG5f“}+ . sfdgfsf] km"n cfsfzsf]
km"n h:tf] x'G5 . k[YjLdf tf/f x'Fb}gg\ To:t} cfsfzdf km"n x'Fb}gg\ . ;sfd sfdgf xfd|f] bf}8 xf], hf]
af/Daf/ b'v k|fKt x'Fbf klg jf sfF9fdf clNemP/ /utfDo eP klg Tof] cfsfª\Iff d]l6Fb}g . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– lgisfd efjn] ul/Psf k|To]s sd{n] ;'v dfq NofpF5g\ . oL ;a} sd{x¿ ub}{ h'g JolQm
lgisfd efjdf afFR5, To;n] cfgGbfg'e"lt ub{5 . lgisfd efjdf hLjg g} o1 aGb5 / pm s'g}
aGwgdf aflwFb}g . ;a} lrGtf b'v cflbaf6 d'Qm x'G5 / k/dfgGbdf k|fKt x'G5 .
hf] JolQm cfkm" k"0f{tof a|Xddf ;dlk{t eO{ cfkm" a|Xdsf] pks/0f aGb5, To:tf] JolQm
a|Xdsf] d'v aGb5 . k"0f{tof a|Xddf ;dlk{t JolQm g} a|Xdsf] d'v xf] . a'4, dxfjL/, lh;;,
df]xDdb, nfcf]T;', h/y':6, df];]; h:tf k'?ifx¿ a|Xdsf d'v x'g\ . ;f/f k[YjLdf ljleGg dfu{af6
ljleGg JolQmx¿n] a|Xdsf] d'v eP/ af]n]sf 5g\ . j]bdf elgPsf jfSox¿ a|Xdsf d'vaf6
lgl:sPsf x'g\ t/ j]bsf cy{ rf/ ;+lxtf dfq xf]Ogg\, o;f] ul/of] eg] xfdL a|XdnfO{ ;Lldt ug]{
5f}+“ . j]bsf] cy{ 1fg xf] / j]b ljåfg\x¿sf] k/dfTdft'No jf0fL xf] . afOan, s'/fg / k[YjLdf hxfF
hxfF 1fg p¢f]lift ePsf] 5 tL ;a} a|Xdn] s;}nfO{ dfWod agfP/ elgPsf x'g\ . j]bsf cgGt
;+lxtfx¿ x'g ;S5g\ . ha JolQm cfkm" af]Ng aGb u5{, ta k/dfTdf p;af6 af]Ng ;'? u5{g\ .
j]bnfO{ xfdL ckf}?if]o cyf{t\ k/dfTdfåf/f g} /lrt u|Gy xf] eGb5f}F . cxª\sf/z"Go eP/ k/dfTdfdf
k"0f{¿kdf ;dlk{t eO{ s]jn Pp6f dfWod dfq ePsf k/dfTdft'No JolQmx¿ g} ckf}?ifo JolQm
x'g\ . cxª\sf/z"Go x'g] lalQs} k/dfTdfsf] jf0fL k|To]saf6 km'6\g ;S5 . hxfF 1fg 5, ToxL+“ a|Xd
af]N5 / hxfF a|Xd af]N5 ToxL+“ 1fg x'G5 .
>]ofGb|JodofB1fH1fgo1M k/Gtk .
;j{+ sdf{lvn+ kfy{ 1fg] kl/;dfKot] ..##..
x] k/Gtk ch{'g Û b|Joo1 eGbf 1fgo1 pQd xf] . tyf ofjg dfq ;Dk"0f{ sd{ / kbfy{ 1fgdf
g} nLg x'G5g\ . lbJo 1fg g} o1sf] clGtd uGtJo xf] ..
lrQdf ;+;f/ / jf;gf ePsf] JolQmsf] k|fy{gfdf klg ;+;f/ / jf;gf g} x'G5 . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– b|Joo1eGbf 1fgo1 g} >]i7o1 xf] . 1fgo1sf] cy{ h;df s'g} ;f+;fl/s dfu
Pjd\ cfsfª\Iff klg x'Fb}g . dfu / jf;gf ;f+;fl/s x'G5 . zflGtsf] s'g} dfu x'Fb}g . zflGtsf]
dfuaf6 csf]{ czflGt x'G5 . zflGtsf] r]i6f ugf{n] emg\ czflGt NofpF5 lsgeg] zflGtsf] dfu klg
jf;gf jf OR5f g} xf] . df]If dfUg ;lsFb}g lsgeg]] ha;Dd dfu x'G5 ta;Dd aGwg x'G5 . df]If /
aGwgsf] ldng x'g ;Sb}g ha aGwg /xFb}g ta df]If k|fKt x'G5 . xfdL k/dfTdfnfO{ rfxg ;Sb}gf“}+
lsgeg]] rfxgf g} k/dfTdf / xfd|flar afwf x'G5 . rfxgf / jf;gfsf] gfd ;+;f/ xf] . 1fg df}g
x'G5 d'v/ x'Fb}g . 1fgdf zAb;d]t x'Fb}g, of] t z"Go x'G5 . To;}n] dgnfO{ zfGt u/ eGg' klg
efiffut q'l6 xf] lsgeg]] dg zfGt x'Fb}g / czflGtsf] gfd g} dg xf] . hxfF rfxgf x'Fb}g ToxfF
k/dfTdf x'G5 / hxfF rfxgf 5 ToxfF ;+;f/ 5 . To;}n] k/dfTdfsf] rfxgf x'g} ;Sb}g .
of] k"/f hLjg c1fgsf] o1 xf] hf] rln/x]sf] 5 . xfdL k/dfTdfsf] k|fy{gf klg s]xL kfpgsf
nflu jf;gfk"j{s ub{5f}+ . dfu / k|fy{gfsf] s'g} d]n x'Fb}g . k|fy{gf wGojfb xf], dfu xf]Og . h] k|fKt
ePsf] 5 To;sf nflu k/dfTdfk|lt s[t1tf 1fkg ug{' k|fy{gf xf] . >Ls[i0f b|Joo1 eGbf 1fgo1

nf]suLtf– 169
cWofo–$
pQd xf] eGg'x'G5 . 1fgo1sf] cy{ jf;gfsf] w'jfFaf6 d'Qm x'g' xf], hxfF jf;gf w'jfF/lxt eP/
hNb5, ToxfF r]tgfsf] Hof]lt dfq x'G5 . o:tf] 1fgsf] Hof]lt ha JolQmdf aNb5 ta jf;gfsf] w'jfF
sxLF st} x'Fb}g . ToxfF s'g} dfu x'Fb}g, k/d t[lKt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û eljiosf af/]df
g;f]r]/ jf;gf Pjd\ ;kgf klg 5f]8]/ cGttM cfkm"nfO{ klg 5f]8 . o;/L afFr ls k/dfTdf g} ltdL
leq afFlr/x]sf] 5≤ o:tf] hfg ls k/dfTdf rf/}lt/ pkl:yt 5 / pm g} ;a} ul//x]sf] 5 . t;y{
ToxL u/ h;/L k/dfTdfn] ltdLaf6 u/fpF5 . o;/L sd{ u/ ls k/dfTdfsf] xft g} rf/}lt/
km}ln/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf 1fgo1 3l6t x'G5, of] lbJo1fg g} o1sf] clGtd uGtJo /
k/dd'lQm xf] . c1fg aGwg xf] / 1fg d'lQm xf] . c1fg ?U0ftf xf] / 1fg :j:ytf xf] .
tlål4 k|l0fkft]g kl/k|Zg]g ;]jof .
pkb]IolGt t] 1fg+ 1flgg:tŒjblz{gM ..#$..
u'?sf ;lGgs6 /x]/ ljgd|tfk"j{s lgisk6 efjn] u'?sf] ;]jf ub}{ cfˆgf lh1f;f /fv .
u'?nfO{ /fd|/L b08jt\ k|0ffd u/]df, pgsf] ;]jf u/]df / sk6 5f]8]/ >4fk"j{s k|Zg u/]df u'?n]
k/dfTdftŒjnfO{ /fd|/L hfGg]jfnf 1fgL dxfTdf, ltdLnfO{ oyfy{ 1fgsf] pkb]z ug]{ 5g\ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– b08jt\ u/]/ ljgd|tfk"j{s k|Zg ;f]lwof] eg] 1fgLhgn] oyfy{ 1fg k|s6
ul/lbg] 5g\ . k|Zg ;f]Wg] tl/sf ljljw x'g ;S5g\ . tLdWo] ;ljgo k|0ffd ub}{ k|Zg ;f]Wg] JolQm
cfh la/n} kfOG5g\ . clwsf+z k|Zg s't"xntfk"j{s ;f]lwG5 . s't"xntfk"j{s ;f]lwPsf k|Zg ;f]Wgsf
nflu dfq ;f]lwG5g\ / To:tf k|Zgdf pQ/sf] vf;} pT;'stf x'Fb}g . To;}n] sf}t"xnn] el/Psf k|Zg
g;f]w]/ b08jt\ k|0ffd u/]/ k|Zg ;f]Wg'k5{ . s't"xntfk"j{s ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] hjfkm hfGg]
JolQmx¿n] To;} cg';f/ lbG5g\ . cfb/ tyf >4fefj k|s6 gu/Lsg lh1f;f /fVg' ;fy{s lh1f;f
xf]Og . ltvf{Psf] JolQm gbLdf gem'sL kfgL lkpg rfxG5 eg] gbLn] kfgL lkofpg ;Sb}g . ltvf{
d]6fpg] xf] eg] JolQmn] em's]/ c~h'nLdf kfgL p7fP/ lkpg'k5{ .
To;}n] 1fgsf] wf/fnfO{ b08jt\ u/]/ em's]/ k|fKt ug{'k5{ . cxÍf/df /x]/ 1fg k|fKt ug{
;Dej x'Fb}g lsgeg]] hf] em'Sg hfGb}g, To;df 1fgsf nflu :yfg klg x'Fb}g . gbLdf gem'sL kfgL
lkpg g;s] h:t} cxª\sf/L JolQmn] 1fg k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . b08jt\ ug{' k|tLsfTds xf] . ljgd|
efjn] cxª\sf/ z"Go ePdf dfq Åbosf] åf/ v'Nb5 / ToxL v'Nnfkgdf 1fg k/:k/ cfbfgk|bfg x'g
;S5 . To;}n] cxª\sf/n] o'Qm dflg;n] ;f]w]sf k|Zgsf] pQ/ 1fgLhg lbFb}gg\ . lziosf] cy{ v'Nnf
¿kdf l;Sg tof/ x'g] JolQm xf] . lziosf] cy{ lzIffyL{ xf], lzIffyL{ x'gsf nflu p;n] em'Sg tof/
x'g'k5{ lsgeg]] ljgd|tfaf6 g} åf/ v'Nb5 .
b08jt\ k|0ffd u/]/ ljgd|tfk"j{s k|Zg ;f]Wg] JolQmn] d c1fgL x'F egL :jLsf/ ub{5 .
p;nfO{ cfˆgf] c1fgtfsf] af]w x'G5 . t/ cxÍf/df 1fgsf] af]w x'Fb}g . em'Sgsf nflu 7'nf] ;fdYo{
rflxG5 . ljgd|tfk"j{s em'Sg] JolQm l/Qm x'G5 / ToxL l/Qmtfdf k/dfTdf k|j]z u5{ . a'4 eGg'x'G5–
sltko kfgLsf efF8fx¿ jiff{df klg l/Qm x'G5g\ lsgeg]] tL efF8f pN6f] 3f]K6\ofP/ /flvPsf x'G5g\ .
kfgL el/gsf nflu efF8fnfO{ ;'N6f] /fVg'k5{ . To:t} lziox¿n] klg cxÍf/d'Qm eP/ l;Sg vf]h]
dfq l;Sg ;S5 . …b08jt\Ú ug'{sf] cy{ cfˆgf] tkm{af6 ;a} cfsfª\Iff, cxÍf/, jf;gf 5f]8L vfnL
eP/ l;Sg tof/ x'g' xf] . o:tf] If0fdf k|Zg d'lQmsf] Kof; aG5 / of] ¿kfGtl/t x'gsf nflu
;f]lwPsf] x'G5 . b08jt\ ubf{ 1fgL u'?sf] r/0f:kz{ ug{'k5{ . o;/L b08jt\ ubf{ k|fy{gf 3l6t x'G5 .
b08jt\ k|0ffd j}1flgs b[li6af6 rn]sf] k/Dk/f lyof] . k|To]s JolQmsf] z/L/ ljB't\ pmhf{n] el/Psf]
x'G5 / of] ljB't\ pmhf{ z+Sjfsf/ -Conical_ ¿kn] xft / uf]8fsf cf}+nfx¿af6 axG5 . ha s'g}

nf]suLtf– 170
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1fgL k/dl:yltdf k'Ub5, ta p;sf] pmhf{ k/dfTdfsf] g} pmhf{ x'G5 . To:tf 1fgLsf r/0fdf lz/
/fVbf 1fgLdf /x]sf] ljB't\ pmhf{ k|jflxt eP/ ljgLt lziosf] lz/af6 z/L/df k|j]z u5{ . ;fy}
1fgLsf xftaf6 aUg] pmhf{ cfzLjf{bsf] ¿kdf r/0f:kz{ ug]{ JolQmsf] lz/df k|jflxt x'G5 . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdLn] klg b08jt\ k|0ffdsf] oyfy{ a'em]/ cfˆgf] k|Zg /fVof} eg]
1fgsf] wf/f ltdLlt/ k|jflxt x'g] 5 .
k|Zg ug{' eg]sf] s]xL kfpg] rfxgf xf] / olb s]xL glbO{ k|Zg ul/of] eg] pm pQ/ kfpg]
clwsf/L klg x'Fb}g . dfUg] xs To;nfO{ k|fKt x'G5 h;n] pbf/tfk"j{s s]xL lbg ;S5 . k|frLg
wf/0ffg';f/ l;w} k|Zg ;f]Wg ;lsFb}gYof] lsgeg]] lj/f6\sf] k|Zg l;w} ;f]w]/ pQ/ kfpg ;lsFb}g .
To;}n] o:tf] k|Zg ;]jf / lgisk6 efjaf6 dfq ;f]lwg'k5{ . k|frLg ;dodf lzion] klxn] t
jiff}{“;Dd u'?sf] ;]jf ug{'kYof{] . u'?sf nflu cfjZos kmn, km"n, ;ldwf, s'z cflb hËnaf6
Nofpg'kYof]{ / r/0fsf] ;]jf ug{'kYof{] . u'?n] k|;Gg eP/ ;f]Wg] cj;/ k|bfg u/]kl5 dfq k|Zg
;f]lwGYof] . o;sf nflu w}o{sf] cfjZostf kYof{] . u'?n] ;f]w eg]/ cfb]z lbPkl5 aNn u'? s]xL
lbgsf nflu tof/ x'Gy] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch'{g Û ;]jfk"j{s lgisk6 efjn] k|Zg ;f]w
;]jfdf klg sk6 efj / n]gb]g x'g] ePsfn] lgisk6 eP/ k|Zg ;f]Wg ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5 .
oH1fTjf gk'gdf]{xd]j+ of:ol; kf08j .
o]g e"tfGoz]if]0f b|Io:ofTdGoyf] dlo ..#%..
o; k|sf/sf] lbJo1fg k|fKt ul/;s]kl5 ltdL k'gM df]xdf kg]{ 5}gf} lsgeg]] of] 1fgaf6 ltdLn]
;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿ lgMz]if efjn] klxn] cfkm"df clg kl5 d ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfdf b]Vg] 5f} ..
1fgsf] klxnf] cf3ft df]xdf / klxnf] rf]6 ddTjdf x'G5 . df]x / ddTj labf x'g] lalQs}
cGwsf/ ljnLg eP/ 1fgsf] klxnf] ls/0f km'6]/ ;"of]{bo x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ;Dos\
k|sf/n] ljgd|tfk"j{s ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgsf] pQ/df 1fgLhgaf6 h'g s'/f k|fKt x'G5 To;af6 df]xsf]
gfz x'G5 . df]xsf] cy{ d afFlr/x"F / ;dfKt gx"F eGg] xf] . k|d'v df]x lhhLljiff xf], cGo ;a} df]x
o;s} cf;kf; x'G5g\ . wgsf] df]xsf] h8 cfkm"nfO{ arfP/ /fVgsf nflu x'G5 . wg geP s;/L
afFRg] eGg] efj / wgaf6 afFRg] r]i6f df]xsf sf/0fn] x'G5 . cem ulx/fOdf x]g]{ xf] eg] df]x d[To'sf]
lj?4df ul/g] ;‹if{ xf] . klt–kTgL larsf] df]x nufot ;a} df]x ;'/Iffsf pkfo x'g\ . df]x
ulx/fOdf afFRg] pkfosf] vf]HfL xf] / afFsL ;a} cfsfª\Iffx¿ o;} cfsfª\Iffaf6 k}bf x'G5g\ .
af6fdf xftuf]8f ;a} uln;s]sf ul/a klg afFlr/x]sf x'G5g\ . To;a]nf dgdf k|Zg p7\5–
o:tf] cj:yfdf klg oL lsg afFr]sf xf]nfg\, pgLx¿ klg ToxL df]xdf 5g\ h'g df]xdf xfdL 5f}+ .
cËxLg xf];\ jf cË ulnt xf];\ afFRg] OR5f db}{g / ;b}j /xG5 . sf]xL klg afFRg] df]xaf6 d'Qm
5}gg\, j[4x¿ ;d]t o; df]xaf6 cnlUug ;Sb}gg\ . Pp6f c/]laog syf 5– Ps hgf ul/a bfp/]
hËnaf6 bfp/f sf6]/ Tof] ef/L gu/tkm{ nu]/ a]RYof] . Ps lbg Tof] bfp/fsf] ef/L af]Sg sl7g
eof] / lbSs dfg]/ k/dfTdfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ si6k"j{s o;/L afFRg'eGbf t d[To' g} cfP x'GYof]
eGof] . d[To' ToxL af6f] cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ub}{ lyof] . bfp/]sf] b'v b]v]/ d[To'sf] dgdf bof hfUof] / p;n]
bfp/]nfO{ eGof]– ltdLn] ofb u/]sfn] d cfOk'u]+,“ ltd|f nflu d s] ug{ ;S5' . bfp/]n] eGof]– c¿
s]xL rflxFb}g, 6fpsfsf] ef/L tn la;fpg d2t ul/lbFbf k'U5 .
k/dfTdfn] xfd|f] k|fy{gf ;'g] eg] xfdL k|fy{gf ug}{ 5f]8\5f“}+ . ha;Dd ;'Gb}gg\ ta;Dd k|fy{gf
ul//xG5f“}+ . k"/f ul/lbP eg] klg xfd|f] u'gf;f] jf dfu gofF x'G5 . s'g} JolQm eG5g\– x] k|e' Û ca t
p7fpm . o;sf] dtna ;fFRr} g} p7fpg] geO{ t8\kfpg] 9Ën] g/fv eGg] xf] . sf]xL klg csfndf

nf]suLtf– 171
cWofo–$
dg{ rfxFb}gg\ . hLjgdf uxg b'v x'g] JolQmx¿ cfTdxTof ug{ klg ;S5g\ . of] k/dfTdf k|ltsf]
ulx/f] u'gf;f] / /fd|f] hLjgsf] vf]h xf] . hLjgsf] df]x h:t} wgdf klg df]x x'G5 lsgeg]] wgljgf
afFRg sl7g x'G5 . wgdf df]x x'g] JolQmsf] k/dfTdfdf df]x x'Fb}g k/dfTdfdf df]x x'g] JolQmnfO{
wgsf] df]x x'Fb}g .
df]xDdb lbge/ hDdf ePsf] k};f /ftL ;a} afF8\g'x'GYof] / ef]lnsf af/]df s] ug{'k5{ eg]/
p;nfO{ g} yfxf 5 eGg'x'GYof] . df]xDdbeGbf ckl/u|xL JolQm ;+;f/df c¿ sf]xL ePgg\ . b}lgs
laxfgb]lv ;fFem;Dd kl/u|xL / /ftdf ckl/u|xL aGg' c;fdfGo s'/f xf] . a'4 / dxfjL/n] t Psk6s
5f8\g'eof] t/ df]xDdbn] ;ª\u|lxt wg b}lgs afF8\g'eof] . pxfF dg]{ /ftdf kTgLn] cf}iflwsf nflu %
lbgf/ n'sfP/ /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . /flt !@ ah] df]xDdb 56k6fP/ a]r}g x'g'eof] / kTgLnfO{
eGg'eof]– cfh 3/df k};f 5 To;}n] d ckl/u|xL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g“ . k/dfTdfn] dnfO{ dg]{ a]nfdf
lsg gfl:ts eof} eg]/ ;f]Wg] 5g\ . pxfFn] kTgLnfO{ eGg'eof]– cfh ltdLdf df]x k}bf ePsf] 5
To;}sf] sf/0fn] eoeLt 5\of} . ltdL;Fu ePsf] k};f afF8]/ cfpm . olt /ftL k};f d s;nfO{ afF8"F
eg]/ kTgLn] ;f]lwg\ . df]xDdbn] eGg'eof]– h;n] afF8 eg]/ dnfO{ cfb]z lbPsf 5g\ pgn] g}
s;}nfO{ lng klg k7fpg] 5g\ . kTgL aflx/ uOg\ ToxfF Pshgf dfUg] åf/df v8f lyP . afF8]/ ha
kTgL leq cfOg\ Toltv]/ g} df]xDdbn] k|f0f TofUg'eof] . hfGg] JolQmx¿ eG5g\– df]xDdb
ToltGh]n;Dd ToxL kfFr lbgf/ afF8\gsf nflu afFRg'ePsf] lyof] . kTgLn] klg kfFr lbgf/ arfPsf]
df]xsf sf/0fn] xf] . xfdL ;a} klg hLjgsf] df]xsf sf/0f eoeLt 5f}+“ / arfpg] k|of; ul//xG5f“}+ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fgsf] wf/f ha aU5 To;n] ;a}eGbf klxn] df]xnfO{ gi6 u5{ . 1fgn] df]x gi6
u5{ lsgeg]] df]x c1fg xf] . df]x c1fg xf] / o;sf] lj:tf/ cgGt 5 . df]x hlt km}lnG5 plt g}
b'v NofpF5 .
1fgsf] klxnf] wf/fn] lxpF ag]/ hd]sf] df]x kufNg yfN5 . ha df]x ;dfKt x'G5, ta
JolQmn] hfGb5 ls d h;nfO{ arfO/x]sf] lyPF Tof] t arfpgof]Uo g} lyPg . cxª\sf/n] df]x k}bf
x'g] ePsf]n] ha;Dd cxª\sf/ klUnb}g ta;Dd df]x gi6 x'Fb}g . cxÍf/df k|]d pTkGg x'g ;Sb}g .
df]x / k|]d ljk/Lt s'/f x'g\ . ha df]x ;dfKt x'G5, ta k|]d l;lh{G5 . xfdL df]xnfO{ k|]d eg]/
cfk}mnfO{ wf]sf lbg vf]H5f“}+ t/ k|]d t df]xeGbf ljk/Lt xf] . k|]d k/dfTdfsf] cg'ej ePkl5 dfq
x'G5, cfkm" xf]OGh]n df]x x'G5 / cfk"m ld6]kl5 k|]d 3l6t x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ha
df]x gi6 x'G5 ta JolQm ;lRrbfgGb3gdf Psfsf/ x'G5 . k/dfTdf / JolQmlarsf] e]b g} df]x xf] .
df]x ;dfKt x'gf;fy JolQm k/dfTdf g} x'G5 . ce]bsf] l:ylt JolQmsf] k|f0f / Åboaf6 p7\g'k5{ .
1fgsf] wf/fdf df]x 6'6\5 / JolQm k/ddf ;dflxt x'G5 . ToxL hLjgsf] k/d Wo]o / clGtd
;Tok|flKtsf] cj:yf xf] . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fg ePsf] 7fpFdf b08jt\ k|0ffd u/]/ ljgd|
efjn] hfGg vf]Hg'k5{ lsgeg]] df]xsf] lgzfnfO{ 1fgwf/fn] dfq ;dfKt u5{ / JolQm k/ddf l:yt
x'G5 . 1fgdf 8'a]sf] JolQmn] ;a} k|f0fLx¿df ;lRrbfgGb k/dfTdf b]Vg ;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf 9'Ëf,
k[YjL, cfsfz ;a}lt/ h] b]lvG5g\ TfL ;a} k/dfTdfsf ¿k nfUg] 5g\ .
xfdL jl/kl/ h] b]Vb5f}F Tof] kbfy{ xf] eGg] dfGb5f}F . kbfy{sf] cy{ h;df cfsf/ 5 lg/fsf/
5}g≤ j:t' 5, cfTdf 5}g≤ cl:tTj 5 JolQmTj 5}g / cl:tTjjfg\ 5 t/ hLjg 5}g eGg] xf] . xfdL
h:tf 5f}+“ To:t} b]V5f}+“ . xfdLnfO{ leq k/dfTdf 5 eg]/ yfxf 5}g Tof] klg xfd|f] dfGotf dfq xf],
ulx/fOdf xfdL cfkm"nfO{ z/L/ 7fG5f}+“ . xfdL cfˆgf af/]df hlt hfGb5f}+“, To;eGbf a9L c¿sf
af/]df hfGg ;Sb}gf“}+ . hut\ xfd|f nflu bk{0f xf] / xfdL cfˆgf] cg'xf/ To;df b]V5f}F . olb 9'Ëfdf

nf]suLtf– 172
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9'Ëf dfq b]lvG5 eg] z/L/eGbf a9L xfdLnfO{ s]xL klg yfxf 5}g . h'g lbg 1fgsf] k|sfz hfUb5
ToxL lbg e|d 6'6]/ df]x ;dfKt x'G5 / :jod\sf] r]tgfsf] af]w x'G5 ta ;f/f hut\ r}tGodo
b]lvG5 . leq d r]tgf x'F eg]/ hfGg] lalQs} o'uky ;f/f hut\ r]tgfdo b]lvG5 . km]l/ ;a}
k|f0fLx¿df ;lRrbfgGbsf] bz{g x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf sxL+ st} b'v afFsL /xFb}g / ;a} lk|o nfUg
yfN5 . o; cj:yfdf k'Ug leqaf6 df]x ;dfKt x'g}k5{ lsgeg]] df]xsf] ;Ddf]xgn] xfdLnfO{ z/L/ /
huTf\nfO{ kbfy{ agfPsf] 5 . ;Ddf]xg 6'6]kl5 cfkm"leqsf] cfTdfsf] bz{g x'G5 / ;a}df /x]sf]
cfTdf¿kL k/dfTdf klg b]lvG5 .
1fgsf] cg'ejnfO{ ;lRrbfgGbsf] cg'ej elgG5 . 1fgsf] k|sfzdf tLg k|tLltx¿ x'G5g\–
;Tf\ lrt\ / cfgGb . ha ;t\ / lrt\sf] cg'ej x'G5 ta t];|f] cfgGb tTsfn kmlnt x'G5 . cxª\sf/
x6]/ leq / aflx/sf] r}tGo hfu[t x'g] lalQs} cfgGb kmlnt x'G5 . cfgGbsf] ljk/Lt s'g} zAb g}
5}g . cfgGb cå}tjfrL 5 . hxfF ;'v / b'vsf] cg'e"lt x'Fb}g ToxfF cfgGb dfq k|fKt x'G5 . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fgsf] k|flKt x'g] lalQs} ;Tf\, lrTf\ / cfgGb ¿kdf JolQm nLg x'G5 . k/dfTdfsf
nflu ;lRrbfgGb sdeGbf sd q'l6k"0f{ ;Daf]wgsf] efiff xf] . ;lRrbfgGbsf] cg'e"lt ePsf JolQm
k/dfTdfdf k|fKt x'G5g\ .
clk r]bl; kfk]EoM ;j]{EoM kfks[QdM .
;j{+ 1fgKnj]g}j j[lhg+ ;Gtl/iol; ..#^..
olb ltdL ;a} kfkLx¿eGbf klg dxfkfkL 5f} eg] klg lbJo 1fg¿kL 8'Fufåf/f ltdL lgM;Gb]x
b'vsf] ;fu/nfO{ ;lhn} kf/ ug{ ;S5f} ..
oy}wf+l; ;ld4f]˜lUge{:d;fTs'?t]˜h{'gM .
1fgflUgM ;j{sdf{l0f e:d;fTs'?t] tyf ..#&..
lsgeg] x] ch''{g Û h;/L hln/x]sf] cfuf]n] ;'s]sf] bfp/fnfO{ v/fgL agfpF5, To;}u/L ;Dk""0f{
ef}lts sd{sf kmnx¿nfO{ 1fg¿kL clUgn] ;lhn} 89fpF5 ..
of] k|Zg ;gftgb]lv ;b}j ;f]lwPsf] 5 . dg'iodf cgGt hGdsf] kfksf] >[Înf 5 . o:tf]
lj/f6\ / nfdf] kfksf] >[ÎnfnfO{ 1fgsf] Pp6f ls/0fn] s;/L ;dfKt ug{ ;S5 < gLlt1nfO{ of] k|Zg
;f]Wof] eg] pgLx¿n] JolQmn] hlt kfk u/]sf 5g\ Tolt g} k'0o ug{'k5{ eg]/ ;'emfj lbG5g\ .
pgLx¿ Ps Ps kfknfO{ Ps Ps k'0on] sf6\g'k5{ eGb5g\ . o;f] ubf{ d'lQm c;Dej x'G5 lsgeg]]
cgGt >[Înfdf ul/Psf] kfknfO{ sf6\g klg cgGt k'0o ug{'k5{ / csf]{ k'0o ug{sf nflu k'gM kfk
ug{'k5{ . Pp6f JolQmn] c:ktfn agfpgsf nflu vr{ ug]{ wg p;n] unt af6f]af6 sdfP/ dfq
vr{ ug{ ;S5 . dlGb/ agfpg c¿nfO{ r';]/ wg sdfPkl5 dfq agfpg ;Dej x'G5 . Pp6f
JolQmn] afFRg] qmddf k'0o ug{sf nflu xhf/f}F kfk ug'{k5{ . lxF8\bf, a:bf, af]Nbf, Zjf; lnFbf klg
lx+;f eP/ kfk x'G5 . j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– Psk6s Zjf; lnFbf Ps nfv hLjf0f' gi6 x'G5g\ .
Psk6s cf]7 cf]7df ldnfpFbf Ps nfv ;"Id hLjf0f' gi6 x'G5g\ . s;};Fu r'Dag lnFbf nfvf}+
hLjf0f' gi6 x'G5g\ . To;}n] afFRg] qmddf g} kfk pTkGg x'G5 / k'0o ug{sf nflu kfk gu/L ;Dej
xF'b}g . t;y{ k'0oaf6 dfq kfk s6\g ;Sb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL dxfkfkL 5f} eg] klg 1fgsf] Pp6f wf/fn] ltd|f ;a} kfk gi6 ug]{
5 . o;sf] cy{ kfksf] s'g} ;3gtf x'Fb}g, kfk cFWof/f] h:tf] xf] / k|sfz hnfpg] lalQs} cFWof/f]
ljnLg x'G5 . cgGt cGwsf/n] cgGt k|sfz afn]kl5 dfq d x6\g] 5' eGb}g . Pp6f bLk k|Hjlnt
ug]{ lalQs} xhf/f}+ jif{b]lvsf] cGwsf/ Ps kndf ljnLg x'G5 . kfknfO{ k'0oaf6 sf6\g ;lsFb}g

nf]suLtf– 173
cWofo–$
lsgeg]] k'0o klg ;"Id kfk ljgf x'g ;Sb}g . kfknfO{ t s]jn 1fgn] dfq ;dfKt kfg{ ;lsG5
lsgeg]] 1fgsf] cj:yfdf kfk 36\g ;Sb}g . 1fg s'g} s[To xf]Og, of] cg'ej xf] . 1fgsf] Hof]ltn]
cxª\sf/nfO{ hnfpF5 . ha d g} afFsL /xFb}g ta d}n] u/]sf] kfk klg afFsL /xb}g . kfk ;kgf
h:tf] xf] hf] p7\g] lalQs} ljnLg x'G5 . To:t} k'0o klg ;kgf h:tf] xf], To;}n] ;kgfaf6 ;kgf
sf6\g ;lsFb}g . t;y{ >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL hlt;'s} 7'nf] kfkL eP klg 1fgsf] Ps
ls/0fn] ltd|f] kfknfO{ ;kgfh:tf] aufP/ n}hfG5 / k|sfz¿kL Hof]ltn] ltd|f] cGwsf/¿kL ;a}
kfknfO{ gi6 ug]{ 5 .
lxGb" u|Gyx¿ ha klZrddf cg'jflbt eP/ k'Uf] ta hd{gsf ljrf/s ;f]k]gxfj/ (Arthur
Schopenhauer) h:tf JolQmnfO{ klg a'‰g ufx|f] eof] . g}ltsjfbLn] ltgnfO{ cg}lts u|Gy;Dd
eg] . lqmlZrog wd{af6 lxGb" u|GynfO{ a'‰g ;lsGg . pgLx¿n] Ps If0fdf kfk ;dfKt x'G5 eg]/
ljZjf; ug{ ;Sb}gg\ lsgeg] lqmlZrog wd{n] kfknfO{ 7'nf] d"No lbPsf] 5 . >Ls[i0f klxn] k|sfzsf]
vf]hL u/, clg h] kfpg vf]h]sf xf} Tof] kfpg] 5f} / h] 5f]8\g rfxG5f} Tof] 5'6\g] 5 eGg'x'G5 . lxGb"
lrGtg cg}lts xf]Og clt g}lts 5 . of] >Ls[i0fsf] jQmJo gLlt–cgLlt eGbf kf/ 5 .
g lx 1fg]g ;b[z+ kljqldx ljBt] .
tT:jo+ of]u;+l;4M sfn]gfTdlg ljGblt ..#*..
o; ;+;f/df lgM;Gb]x 1fg;dfg kljq ug]{ c¿ s]xL 5}g . slt sfnkl5 sd{ of]uåf/f
cGt:s/0f z'4 ePsf] JolQmn] ;doqmddf cfkm"leq g} Tof] 1fgsf] cg'ej u5{ / /;f:jfbg ub{5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fgeGbf >]i7 / kljq ;|f]t c¿ s'g} 5}g . 1fg cd[t / d'lQm xf] . 1fg
k|fKt ePsf] JolQm cfTdfdf k|j]z u5{ . dg'io jf;gfsf] sf/0f ckljq 5 lsgeg] sfdgf p7\g]
lalQs} dg ckljq x'G5 . dgdf OR5f hfUg] lalQs} Hj/ cfP/ lrQ sDkgzLn eO{ JolQm c:j:Yo
x'G5 . sfdgf g} c:j:Yotf / ckljqtf xf] . dgdf rfxgf p7\g] lalQs} zflGt x/fpF5 / czflGt
k|f/De x'G5 . rfxgfn] bLgtf pTkGg u/fpFbf lrQdf O{iof{ pTkGg x'G5 . jf;gf p7\g] lalQs}
lx+;fsf] efj hfUb5 clg cGwf]kg cfpF5 / Tof] jf;gf k"/f ug{ c:j:Yo bf}8 ;''? x'G5 . jf;gf k"/f
eP klg b'v cfpF5 / k"/f geP t emg\ c;Gt'li6 dfq cfpF5 .
Ps hgf dgf]j}1flgs kfunx¿sf] cWoogsf qmddf kfunvfgfdf uP . ToxfF pgn] o:tf]
b[Zo b]v] hxfF Pp6f JolQm t:jL/ xftdf lnP/ /f]O/x]sf] lyof] . p;sf] kfunkgsf] sf/0f
lrlsT;s;Fu pgn] ;f]Wbf lrlsT;sn] tl:a/df ePsL :qL;Fu p;sf] k|]d ePsf] / pgL;Fu ljjfx
ug{ gkfPkl5 pm kfun ePsf] atfP . dgf]j}1flgs k'gM csf]{ sf]7fdf uP . ToxfF Pp6f kfun cfˆg}
skfn tfg]/ cfkm"nfO{ g} lk6\b} lyof] . p;sf] kfunkgsf] sf/0f klg dgf]j}1flgsn] lrlsT;s;Fu
;f]w] . pgn] eg]– o; dflg;nfO{ ToxL :qL k|fKt eO{ hf] klxnf] JolQmn] kfpg ;s]g / ToxL :qLsf
sf/0fn] g} of] JolQm kfun ePsf] xf] . Pp6f JolQm h;nfO{ p;n] rfXof] To;nfO{ gkfP/ kfun
eof] / csf]{ JolQm h;nfO{ p;n] kTgLsf] ¿kdf kfof] To;}sf sf/0fn] kfun eof] . rfxgf l7s
o:t} x'G5 . jf;gf, rfxgf, OR5f o:tf] ls/f xf] h;n] leq kmf]x/ dfq hDdf u5{ .
1fg plqg] lalQs} OR5f, jf;gf, rfxgf ;a} gi6 x'G5 . 1fgLsf] dfu g} ;dfKt ePsf]n] h]
k|fKt 5 To;}df k/dfTdfnfO{ wGojfb lbP/ ;Gt'i6 x'G5 . 1fgLsf nflu jt{dfg g} kof{Kt 5, pm
eljiosf nflu bf}l8Fb}g . xfdLnfO{ k/dfTdfn] h] lbPsf] 5 To;sf] s'g} d"No g} yfxf 5}g . xfdLnfO{
xft, uf]8f, cfFvf, sfg cflb k"0f{ cª\u k/dfTdfn] lbPsf] 5 h;sf nflu k/dfTdfk|lt cg'u|xsf]
efj klg b;f{pFb}gf“}+ lsgeg]] jf;gfn] xfdLnfO{ Tof] x]g{ g} lbFb}g . jf;gfnfO{ h] 5 To;df /; x'Fb}g

nf]suLtf– 174
 cWofo–$
/ h] 5}g To;df dfq k|of]hg x'G5 . xfdL ;b}j cfkm";Fu /x]sf] cd"No lglwnfO{ ;lDemb}gf“}+ / 5'›sf
k5fl8 bf}l8/xG5f}+“ .
1fgn] jf;gfaf6 d'Qm u/fpF5 . hf] k|ltIf0f afFRb5 p;df z'4tf Pjd\ :jR5tf el/Psf]
x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fg h:tf] kljq tŒj s'g} 5}g . Tof] 1fg slt sfnkl5
sd{of]uåf/f cGt:s/0f z'4 ePsf] JolQmn] ;doqmddf cfk"mleq g} To;sf] cg'ej ub{5 /
/;f:jfbg ub{5 . Ps dfq kljq tŒj 1fg xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fgeGbf dfly s]xL 5}g .
;f]qm]l6hn] klg eg]sf 5g\– 1fg dfq Pp6f ;b\u'0f xf] . cflTds c1fg ulx/f] gs{ xf] . cfTd1fg
>]i7td :ju{ xf] . :jod\sf] 1fgeGbf 7'nf] 1fg s]xL klg 5}g . 3/df uf8]sf] wgsf af/]df cfkm"nfO{
yfxf 5}g eg] To;sf] s'g} d"No geP h:t} h;n] cfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;Sb}g To;sf nflu hLjgsf] s'g}
d"No x'Fb}g . ha;Dd c1fg 5 ta;Dd cfTdfsf] cg'ej x'Fb}g / 1fg ePkl5 dfq cfTdfsf] cg'ej
x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] :jod\nfO{ hfGb5 p;}n] cfTdf lrGb5 . wd{ lj1fg, ;flxTo, efiff s]xL
klg xf]Og, wd{ t cfˆgf] lghL cg'ej xf] . of] k|]d h:tf] x'G5, h;n] u5{ p;}nfO{ dfq yfxf x'G5 .
cfÎgf] hLjg tŒjnfO{ hfGg' 1fg xf] / 1fgkl5 h] k|fKt x'G5 Tof] k/dfTdf xf] .
>4fjfFNnet] 1fg+ tTk/M ;+ot]lGb|oM .
1fg+ nAWjf k/f+ zflGtdlr/]0fflwuR5lt ..#(..
cfˆgf OlG›ox¿nfO{ jzdf /fv]/ lbJo1fg k|fKt ug{ ;dlk{t >4fn' ;fwgk/fo0f JolQmn] g}
1fg k|fKt u5{ / Tof] 1fg k|fKt ul/;s]kl5 zL3| eujt\ k|flKt :j¿k cfWoflTds zflGt k|fKt ub{5 ..
lht]lG›o k'?ifn] >4fjfg\ lrQo'Qm eP/ 1fg k|fKt ub{5 / 1fgsf] dfWodaf6 k/d zflGt
k|fKt ub{5 . OlG›ox¿nfO{ h;n] lhTof] o:tf] k'?if >4fjfg\ x'G5 . OlG›onfO{ n8]/ x/fpg ;lsGg .
OlG›o;Fu n8\g] JolQm lht]lG›o x'g ;Sb}g . OlG›onfO{ lhTg] ;"q eg]sf] n8\g] jf bafpg] xf]Og a?
OlG›osf af/]df hfGg' xf] . h;n] OlG›onfO{ hfGb5 p;n] lht xfl;n u5{ / h;n] OlG›o;Fu n8\5
To;sf] xf/ lglZrt 5 . OlG›onfO{ bdg ubf{ OlG›o emg\ k|an x'G5 . qmf]w bafpFbf cem ulx/f]
lx+;fsf] ¿k lnP/ qmf]w k|s6 x'G5 . jf;gfnfO{ bafpg vf]Hbf cem ljs[t eP/ k|s6 x'G5 .
cxª\sf/ bafpg vf]lhof] eg] cem emflËP/ k|s6 x'G5 . h;n] bafpg vf]H5, p;n] o;nfO{ hfGg
;Sb}g . OlG›osf 1ftfn] dfq o;nfO{ jzdf /fVg ;S5g\ . >Ls[i0fn] cfˆgf OlG›ox¿nfO{ hfGg]
JolQm g} lht]lG›o k'?if xf] eGg'ePsf] 5 . 1fgdf OlG›o b'a{n x'G5 / c1fgdf k|an x'G5 .
OlG›onfO{ hfGg] JolQm o;sf] dflns aGg ;S5 . kmn:j¿k qmf]w Ifdf aGg ;S5, sfd a|Xdro{
aGg ;S5, nf]e bfg aGg ;S5 / 3[0ff k|]ddf ¿kfGtl/t x'g ;S5 . lht]lG›osf] cy{ OlG›onfO{
hfGg' / o;sf] dflns aGg' xf] .
o; hut\df 1fg Wofgaf6 pknAw x'G5 . Wofgsf] cy{ vf]h]sf] j:t'nfO{ k/ a;]/ ;fIfL
efjn] x]g{' / To;df ;lDdlnt gx'g' xf] . h'g OlG›o;Fu xfd|f] PsfTdstf x'G5 To;nfO{ xfdL hfGg
;Sb}gf}+ . hfGgsf nflu ;fIfLefjn] x]g{'k5{ . OlG›osf] /;df ;+nUg ePdf OlG›osf af/]df hfGg
;lsFb}g . l/; p7\bf 6f9f a;]/ To;nfO{ x]g{ ;lsof] eg] dfq qmf]wsf] /;sf af/]df hfGg ;lsG5 .
h'g OlGb|ok|lt hlt Wofg u¥of] Tolt g} xfd|f OlG›o cfˆgf jzdf x'G5g\ . hxfF 1fgsf] k|sfz k5{,
ToxfF OlG›on] cfˆgf] :jfdLkg 5f]8\g yfN5 . sfdjf;gfnfO{ h;n] hfGof] Tof] JolQm sfdft'/ x'g
;Sb}g . nf]enfO{ a'‰g] JolQm klg nf]eL x'g ;Sb}g . OlG›osf] af/]df Wofg lbg]lalQs} logLx¿sf
k|efjaf6 d'Qm eOG5 . xfdL hGd hGdfGt/b]lv OlG›osf] k|efjsf sf/0f ef]udf ;+nUg 5f}+“ . To;}n]
xfdL c1fgL eP/ el8\s/x]sf 5f}+ . xfdLdf ;fIfL efj hfu[t x'g]lalQs} xfd|f] Tof] :jefj jf qmf]wsf]

nf]suLtf– 175
cWofo–$
pmhf{ Ifdfdf ablnG5 . sfdjf;gfsf] pmhf{ a|Xdro{df / Wofgdf ¿kfGtl/t x'G5 / Wofgaf6 1fg
k|fKt x'G5 . h;n] cfˆgf OlG›osf sfo{x¿nfO{ ;fIfLefjn] x]/]sf] 5 ToxL JolQm >Ls[i0fn]
eGg'ePsf] lht]lG›o k'?if xf] . o:tf lht]lG›o k'?if g} >4fjfg\ k'?if x'g\ hf] zflGtdf k|fKt x'G5g\ .
>4f Tof] JolQmdf x'G5 h;leq cljZjf; x'Fb}g . >4f ulx/fOsf] gfd xf] eg] ljZjf; ;txL
gfd xf] . hut\ ljZjf;n] rN5, t/ k/dfTdf >4fn] dfq rNb5 lsgeg] ljZjf; leq cljZjf;
klg x'G5 . >4fjfg\ JolQm ;+zoxLg x'G5 . ;+zo olb lh1f;f aGof] eg] Tof] >4f aGg ;S5 .
lh1f;f ePsf] JolQm >4fjfg\ x'G5 . >4fsf] cy{ ljZjf; / cljZjf; b'j} xf]Og . o;sf] cy{ d'Qm
dg–dl:tis xf] . >4fjfg\ JolQm v'Nnf x'G5 / k/dfTdf ;dIf v'Nnf dgn] >4fn] pkl:yt x'G5 .
>4fjfGf\;Fu s'g} l;4fGt, ljZjf; / zf:q x'Fb}g . p;n] cl:tTjnfO{ h:tfsf] To:t} :jLsf/ ub{5 .
c1fgLsf] ¿kdf pleP/ p;n] k|e'n] hxfF n}hfG5g\ ToxLF uGtJo / hxfF gfp 8'A5 ToxLF lsgf/f xf]
eG5 . o:tf] lrQbzf ePsf] JolQm >4fjfg\ xf] . ;fgf] aRrfn] cfˆgf cfdfa'afsf] xft ;dftL 9'Ss
eP/ lxF8] h:tf] >4fjfg\nfO{ cfˆgf] nIo, uGtJo s]xL yfxf x'Fb}g / k|e'n] hxfF n}hfG5g\ pm ToxLF
hfG5 . >4fjfg\ JolQmdf 1fgsf] bDe x'Fb}g . tyfslyt kl08tx¿ slxNo} >4fjfg\ x'Fb}gg\ lsgeg]]
pgLx¿n] c>4fsf sf/0fn] g} kfl08Tosf] hfn lkmhfPsf x'G5g\ . c;+zoL, ljgd|, lg/xÍf/L /
cfu|xz"Go JolQm dfq >4fjfg\ x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– lht]lG›o k'?if >4fjfg\ ePg eg] cxÍf/L x'g ;S5 . afXo k|s[ltnfO{
lht]/ d g} ;jf]{Rr zlQm ePF eg]/ lj1fgn] 7fg] h:t} OlG›onfO{ lht]/ JolQm >4fjfg\ x'g ;s]g
eg] To:t} e|ddf k5{ . >4f ePg eg] cGttM k|s[ltdfly ljho xfl;n u/]+ eGg] cxª\sf/ knfpg
;S5 . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f lht]lG›o k'?if eg]kl5 >4fjfg\ klg hf]8\g'x'G5 . o:tf k'?if g} cfTdfdf
pknAw x'G5g\ / k/dzflGt kfpF5g\ . zfGt lrQdf s'g} sDkg, pQ]hgf / ;+3if{ xF'b}g / df}g x'G5 .
zfGt JolQm ;'v / b'vaf6 kf/ x'G5 . ;'v / b'v kl/jt{gzLn x'G5g\ t/ k/d zflGtdf s'g}
pQ]hgf x'Fb}g / of] ckl/jt{gLo x'G5 . To;}n] o:tf] cj:yfdf lrQ k/d zfGt eP/ cfgGb kmlnt
x'G5 / JolQm k/d ;Qfdf k|j]z ub{5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– lht]lG›o >4fjfg\ k'?if zfGt dgsf ;fy
k/d ;Qfdf k|j]z u5{ .
c1Zrf>2wfgZr ;+zofTdf ljgZolt .
gfo+ nf]sf]˜l:t g k/f] g ;'v+ ;+zofTdgM ..$)..
ljj]sxLg, c1fgL, >4f gePsf] / zÍfn' JolQmsf] gfz x'G5 . o:tf] ;+zoL dg''iosf nflu g
of] nf]s 5, g k/nf]s 5, g t ;'v g} 5 ..
;+zou|:t dflg; ljgfzdf k'U5g\ . eujt\ k|]daf6 /lxt Pjd\ ;+zoLx¿ o; nf]s / k/nf]s
b'j}df si6 ef]U5g\ . ljgfz g} p;sf] lgolt x'G5 . eujt\ k|]dn] /lxt Pjd\ ;+zon] el/Psf JolQm
Ps} x'g\ . ;+zon] el/Psf] JolQmdf eujt\ k|]d x'Fb}g / eujt\ k|]d ePsf] JolQmdf ;+zo x'Fb}g t/
oL b'j}sf cfwf/ cnu–cnu ePsfn] >Ls[i0fn] o;nfO{ cnu–cnu eGg'ePsf] xf] . ;+zosf] cfwf/
dg xf] / eujt\ k|]dsf] cfwf/ cfTdf xf] . dgaf6 ;+zo x6]g eg] eujt\ k|]dsf] cÍ'/ cfTdfdf
knfpFb}g . ulx/fOdf b'j}n] Ps} cy{ /fV5g\ t/ b'j}sf] cleJolQmsf] cfwf/ leGg–leGg x'G5 .
cfTdfdf t ;+zo x'Fb}g t/ h;sf] dgdf ;+zo x'G5 p;nfO{ dg g} cfTdf h:tf] nfU5 . o:tf]
dgnfO{ cfTdf 7fGg] JolQm ljgfzlt/ pGd'v x'G5 .
;+zosf] cy{ clgZro, ;ÍNk/lxt / clg0f{o xf] . ;+zo lrQsf] Tof] bzf xf] hxfF dg of] jf
Tof] df 3'ld/xG5 . ha lrQ o:t} cj:yfdf ulx/f] ¿kdf el/G5, ta JolQm ljgfz pGd'v x'G5

nf]suLtf– 176
 cWofo–$
lsgeg]] o:tf] JolQmn] slxNo} s]xL ug{ ;Sb}g . k|ult jf l;h{gfsf nflu lg0f{o rflxG5 . o;
;+;f/df s]xL lgdf{0f / l;h{gf ug{ k"/f ;dflxt eP/ ;ÍNk gu/L x'g} ;Sb}g . ljgfz x'g jf
ktglt/ emg{ t ;+zon] el/Psf] lrQ dfq eP k'U5, s]xL ug}{ kb}{g≤ cfkm}+ ljgfz x'G5 . xfdL
kbfy{sf] h'g ;+;f/df 5f}+“ Tof] ;+zok"0f{ lrQsf] cj:yf xf] . ;+zok"0f{ lrQn] ;dosf] dxŒjaf]w
ub}{g . k|foM ;a}sf ;fd' Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ ;do cfpF5, To;sf] af]w x'g ;s]g eg] cGttM p;n]
df}sf u'dfpF5 / d[To'df k'U5 . >Ls[i0f k/d cj;/sf] s'/f ub}{ ;+zon] cfTdf ljgfzlt/ efl;G5
eGg'x'G5 . hLjg Pp6f k/d cj;/ xf] h'g JolQmn] rfXof] eg] Tof] cj;/sf] ;b'kof]u ug{ ;S5 .
Tof] cj;/ cfgGb jf xiff]{Gdfbsf] cj;/ xf] . ;+zosf sf/0f xfdL Tof] k/d cj;/ k|fKt ug{
r'ls/x]sf x'G5f}+“ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;+zo, clg0f{o / clgZron] ljgfz dfq lgDTofpF5 .
ch{'g Hofb} ;+zon] el/Psf 5g\ . pgn] s] ug]{, s] gug]{ egL 7Dofpg} ;s]sf 5}gg\ / pgsf] lrQ
8fdf8f]n 5 .
cfGtl/s cfTdLotf hfGg' g} k|]d xf] . ha cl:tTjnfO{ k|]d ul/G5, ta k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg
;lsG5 . eujt\ k|]dsf] cy{ g} h] 5 Tof] ;a} k/dfTdf xf] eg]/ hfGg' xf] . j:t'x¿sf] k|]daf6 pSn]/
cl:tTjsf] k|]ddf cfPkl5 k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . j:t'x¿k|ltsf] k|]d, JolQmx¿k|ltsf] k|]d
/ eujt\ k|]d qmdzM cwd, dWod / pTs[i6 x'g\ . JolQm;Fusf] k|]d lardf x'G5, pm tn cf]ln{of]
eg] j:t'sf] k|]ddf k'U5 / ;f/f hut\nfO{ s]jn j:t' b]Vb5 . dfly plSnof] eg] cl:tTjsf] k|]ddf
k'U5 / k/dfTdfsf] nf]s b]Vg ;S5 . ha pm dfly plSng tof/ x'G5 ta aNn eujt\ k|]dnfO{
hfGg ;S5 . JolQmsf] k|]d klg eujt\ k|]dsf] ;''?jft jf cfwf/ xf] . JolQmsf] k|]d ha Pp6f åf/
aG5 To;af6 k/dfTdf b]lvg z'¿ x'G5 . h;n] JolQmnfO{ k|]d ug{ ;Sb}g To;nfO{ eujt\ k|]d k|fKt
ug{ sl7g x'G5 .
eujt\ k|]dsf] cy{ ;f/f hut\ Pp6f JolQm xf], ;+;f/ g} eujfg\ xf] / cl:tTj klg eujfg\
xf] eg]/ hfGg' xf] . ;f/f cl:tTjnfO{ xfdL eujfg\ dfg]/ JolQmTj k|bfg ul//x]sf 5f}+“ . eQm Tof] xf]
h;n] ;f/f cl:tTjnfO{ Pp6} dfg]/ k|]d u5{ . eQmn] ;"o{, gbL, lkkn j[If nufot ;f/f cl:tTjnfO{
k/dfTdfsf] lx:;f dfg]/ em's]/ gd:sf/ u5{ . x/]s :yfgdf, ¿kdf / cfsf/df pxL k/dfTdf g}
hfg]/ k|]d ub{5 . eujt\ k|]ddf JolQm / k/dJolQmsf lar rrf{ Pjd\ ;+jfb cfbfgk|bfg x'g ;S5 .
o:tf] k|]ddf k|fy{gf 3l6t x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;+zod'Qm eujt\ k|]dn] el/Psf] JolQm o; nf]sdf cfgGbdf 8'A5g\ /
k/nf]sdf klg cfgGbdf pknAw x'G5g\ . ;+zoL k'?if o; nf]sdf / k/nf]sdf klg b'v kfpF5 . b'v
xfd|f] cfh{g xf] t/ b'v kfpg' xfd|f] lgolt xf]Og . cfglGbt x'gsf nflu JolQm ;+zod'Qm eP/
k|e'sf] k|;fbaf6 el/g'k5{ . jiff{df vfN8fdf kfgL el/G5 t/ kxf8df el/Fb}g lsgeg]] vfN8f] vfnL
5 t/ kxf8 el/Psf] 5, l/Qm 5}g . ;+zon] el/Psf] JolQm;Fu ;+zosf] kxf8 x'G5 . >4f PSn}
cfpF5 / ;+zo le8df cfpF5 . ;+zosf] kxf8df kfgL eg{ kfOFb}g / ;+zo/lxt vfN8fdf kfgL
el/G5 . k|e'sf] k|;fb u|x0f ug{ l/Qm / z"Go x'g'k5{ . k|e'sf] k|;fb ;dfg ¿kdf ;a}df al;{/x]sf]
x'G5 . hf] ljgd| eP/ u|x0f u5{ To;n] k|e'sf] k|;fb k|fKt ub{5, hf] cxª\sf/n] o'Qm / ;+zoo'Qm
x'G5 Tof] vfnL x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 177
cWofo–$
of]u;GGo:tsdf{0f+ 1fg;l~5Gg;+zod\ .
cfTdjGt+ g sdf{l0f lgaWglGt wg~ho ..$!..
x] wg~ho Û h;n] cfˆgf sd{of]usf] ljlwn] ;d:t sd{nfO{ k/dfTdfdf ck{0f u/]sf] 5 /
h;sf] ljj]såf/f ;d:t ;+zox¿ gfz ePsf 5g\ To:tf cfTd1fgL dflg;x¿ sd{kmnsf aGwgn]
afFlwFb}gg\ ..
hf] ;+zo/lxt eP/ cfˆgf] sd{ eujb\ ;]jfdf ck{0f ub{5 jf k|e'nfO{ ;dk{0f u5{ Tof] JolQm
sd{df afFlwFb}g eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . k"0f{tfdf hf] z"Go eP/ ljgd| efjsf ;fy eujt\ k|]ddf
el/G5 o:tfnfO{ sd{n] afFWb}g . h;n] ;a} sd{ k/dfTdfnfO{ ;dk{0f u5{ p;nfO{ sd{sf] aGwg x'g}
;Sb}g . To:tf] cj:yfdf JolQm k|e'df lge{/ x'G5, ;a} lhDd]jf/L k|e'sf] g} x'G5 . ;dk{0f gug{'df
;a}eGbf 7'nf] afwf cxª\sf/ xf] . cxª\sf/df k|]dsf] åf/ slxNo} v'Nb}g . ;dk{0f cxª\sf/sf] k"0f{
lj;h{g xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] cfˆgf ;f/f sd{ k|e'df ljgd|tfsf ;fy ;dk{0f ub{5 To:tf]
k|e'k/fo0f JolQmdf sd{aGwg z]if /xFb}g . sd{aGwgaf6 d'Qm eP/ JolQm :jtGq x'g] cj:yf klg
;dk{0f efj g} xf] . ;+zo/lxt eP/ eujt\ k|]dsf ;fy ;dlk{t x'g] JolQmnfO{ g} k"0f{ :jtGqtf
k|fKt x'G5 . o:tf JolQm g} k|e'df nLg x'G5g\ .
t:dfb1fg;De"t+ ÅT:y+ 1fgfl;gfTdgM .
l5Œj}g+ ;+zo+ of]udflti7f]lQi7 ef/t ..$@..
x] ef/t Û ltd|f] Åbodf c1fgsf sf/0faf6 pTkGg h'g ;+zo 5, To;nfO{ 1fg¿kL t/jf/n]
sf6 / ;dtf¿kL a'l4of]udf l:yt /x]/ o'4sf lglDt p7 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL ;dtf a'l4 k|fKt u/]/ ;+zonfO{ 1fg¿kL t/jf/n] sf6 /
;dtf a'l4of]udf l:yt /x]/ o'4sf lglDt p7 . ;dtfsf] cy{ lgikIftf, t6:ytf / å}teGbf kf/ x'g'
xf] . xfd|f] a'l4 ;bf c;Dos\ x'G5 . oyfy{df xfdL slxn] Psflt/ t slxn] csf{lt/ 9lNsG5f}+“ .
slxn] wd{–cwd{tkm{, slxn] lx+;f–clx+;ftkm{, slxn] kbfy{lt/ t slxn] k/dfTdflt/ 9lNs/xG5f}+“ /
;dtfefjdf slxNo} /xFb}gf“}+ . a'l4 ha Hof]lt h:t} sDkg/lxt eP/ l:yt x'G5 To:tf] l:ylt ;dTj
a'l4sf] cj:yf xf] . o:tf] ;dTj a'l4n] dfq JolQm ;dk{0f ug{ ;dy{ x'G5 . ;+zo x6\gnfO{ t dg
;dtfefjdf / ;Gt'ngdf x'g'k5{ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ;dtfdf /x]/ 1fgsf] t/jf/n]
;+zonfO{ sf6 .
1fg ;"Id t/jf/ xf] . ;+zonfO{ ;"Id 1fgljgf s'g} klg zlQmzfnL xltof/n] sf6\g ;Sb}g .
;+zonfO{ s]jn 1fgn] sf6\g ;S5 . 1fg ;d:t a'l4¿kL of]u xf] . oyfy{df ha a'l4 ;dtfdf
k|fKt x'G5, ta 1fgsf] pbo x'G5 . hlt c;Gt'lnt a'l4 x'G5, Tolt g} afSnf] c1fg k}bf x'G5 /
hlt ;Gt'lnt a'l4 x'G5 Tolt g} ulx/f] 1fg k}bf x'G5 . ch{'gdf /x]sf] ;+zon] 1fg¿kL t/jf/nfO{
sf6\g lbO/x]sf] 5}g . h;n] ;+zonfO{ 1fg¿kL t/jf/n] sf6\g ;S5, To;sf] cflv/L afwf klg
cGt x'G5 / k/dfTdfsf] åf/ v'Nb5, hxfF cfgGb, d'lQm, zflGt / lgjf{0f k|fKt x'G5 .
Psflt/ 1fg / csf{lt/ ;GGof;, lardf sd{ 5 . 1fg k|fKt u/]/ sd{ ub}{ ;GGof; k|fKt
x'G5 . 1fgn] sd{ kmlnt eof] eg] ;GGof; klg kmlnt x'G5 . 1fgk"0f{ sd{ ul/of] eg] klg Tof]
csd{ aGb5 . 1fgk"0f{ ef]u eP/ g} Tofu aGb5 . 1fgk"0f{ cGwsf/ klg k|eft xf] . 1fg, sd{of]u /
;GGof; oL tLg zAb ;"rs x'g\ . o;sf] tfTko{ k|f/De 1fgaf6 ub}{ sd{df ;+nUg eO{ ;GGof; eP/
k/dfTdfdf k'Ug] cj:yf xf] . o:tf] ePdf Ps rqm k"/f x'G5 . 1fg ha sd{ aGg ;S5 ta dfq

nf]suLtf– 178
 cWofo–$
;GGof; kmlnt x'G5 . ;dTj a'l4sf ;fy k|e'df ;dk{0f ub}{ u/]sf k|To]s sd{ ;GGof;df kb{5g\ .
>Ls[i0fsf] d"n ;Gb]z efUg] xf]Og, cfkm"nfO{ ¿kfGt/0f u/ eGg] xf] .
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫eujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] 1fgsd{;GGof;of]uf] gfd
rt'yf]{›WofoM ..$..

nf]suLtf– 179
cWofo–$

nf]suLtf– 180
 cWofo–%
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
kfFrf}F cWofo
sd{;GGof;of]uM

ch{'g pjfr
;GGof;+ sd{0ff+ s[i0f k'gof]{u+ r z+;l; .
oR5«]o Ptof]/]s+ tGd] Af|"lx ;'lglZrtd\ ..!..
ch{'gn] eg]– x] s[i0f Û xh'/ sd{x¿sf] ;GGof; / lgisfd sd{of]usf] k|z+;f ug{'x'G5 . ctM oL
b'O{ sd{;GGof; / lgisfd sd{of]udWo] s'g a9L sNof0fbfoL 5, Tof] lgZro u/]/ dnfO{ atfpg'xf];\ ..
dg'iosf dgdf ;bf c¿n] g} lg0f{o ul/lbP x'GYof] eGg] rfxgf x'G5 . cfkm"n] lg0f{o ubf{
ljjfbdf tflgg] ;Defjgf ePsf sf/0f pm cfk}m“ lg0f{o ug{ rfxFb}g, ;To klg :jtM k|fKt xf];\ eGg]
rfxG5 . ch{'g >Ls[i0f;Fu ;f]W5g\– xh'/n] sd{ ;GGof;sf] / lgisfd sd{of]usf af/]df klg atfpg'
eof] . To;}n] oL b'O{ dfu{dWo] d]/f nflu s'g dfu{ sNof0fbfoL 5, Tof] lgZro u/]/ dnfO{
atfOlbg'xf];\ . s[i0fn] ch'{gnfO{ clxn];Dd eGg''ePsf jrgx¿ ;Nnfxsf ¿kdf pgsf ;d:ofsf]
;dfwfgsf nflu atfpg'ePsf] xf] . ;f/f dfu{x¿sf af/]df k|sfz kfl/lbP/ pxfFn] clGtd lg0f{o
ch{'gdf g} 5f]l8lbg'ePsf] 5 . >Ls[i0f rfxg''x'G5– ch{'g cfk}Fm ;ª\sNkjfg\ ag]/ lg0f{o ug{ ;s"g\
t/ ch{'g ;+zodf /x]sfn] clg0f{osf] aGbL ag]sf 5g\ . pgL cfkm}+ lg0f{o gu/]/ >Ls[i0fnfO{ eG5g\–
d]/f] sNof0fsf nflu s''g dfu{ l7s xf], ;'lglZrt u/]/ atfOlbg'xf];\ . pgsf] cfzo s[i0faf6 g}
pko'Qm dfu{sf] 5gf]6 xf];\ eGg] 5 . ch''{g clglZrttfsf] e'Fj/Ldf k/]sf] x'gfn] cfkm"n] lg0f{o
ug{'eGbf s[i0fn] g} pgsf nflu plrt dfu{ lglZrt u/]/ atfOlbPx'GYof] eGg] rfxG5g\ .
b'lawfu|:t cj:yfdf /x]sf ch{'gn] s[i0fsf] pkb]znfO{ u|x0f klg ug{ ;Sg'k¥of] . ch{'gsf]
b'lawf ;dfKt ePkl5 dfq s[i0fsf] pko'Qm ;'emfj ch'{gn] a'‰g ;Sg] 5g\ . ch{'g zfGt lrQ eP/
s[i0fsf s'/f ;'Gg tof/ ePdf dfq pxfFn] lgZrok"j{s ch{'gnfO{ pkfox¿ eGg'x'g] 5 . ch{'gn]
k|f/Dedf s[i0f;Fu d o'4 ulb{gF eg]sf lyP . Tof] a]nf o:tf] nfUbYof] ls ch{'g h] eGb} 5g\ hfg]/ g}
elg/x]sf 5g\ . ch{'g wd{zf:q, gLlt / k/Dk/fsf af/]df cfkm"nfO{ ;a} 1fg eP h:tf] u/]/ eGb}
lyP . c1fgLsf] efiffdf klg o:t} b[9tf x'G5 . ch{'gnfO{ cfk"mn] p7fPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ klxn]b]lv
g} yfxf ePh:tf] nfUbYof] . pgL s[i0fnfO{ cfˆgf egfOsf] ;fIfL agfpg / pgsf] d'vaf6 g} of] o'4
Joy{ xf] eGg] s'/f egfpg rfxGy] .
t/ >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gsf] egfOdf ;dy{g ug{'ePg . ch{'g b'lawfdf km;]sf 5g\ / of] g}
ch{'gsf] 1fgdfu{sf] klxnf] sbd xf] . 1fgsf] dfu{df c1fgsf] b[9tf klUng' dxŒjk"0f{ pknlAw xf] .
ch{'g ca lgZrok"0f{ egfOaf6 cfkm"nfO{ pko'Qm x'g] sNof0fbfoL dfu{ atfOlbg'xf];\ eGg]
l:ylt;Dd k'u]sf 5g\ . To;}n] ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ eGb5g\– xh'/ sd{;GGof; / lgisfd sd{of]usf]
k|z+;f ug'{x'G5 ctM oL b'O{ dfu{dWo] s'g a9L sNof0fbfoL 5 Tof] lgZro u/]/ dnfO{ elglbg'xf];\ t/
>Ls[i0f o:tf dgf]ljZn]ifs u'? x'g'x'G5 hf] ;TonfO{ a'‰g] cj:yfdf gk'uL lgZrok"j{s eGg'x'Gg .
ch{'gdf Ifdtfsf] ljsf; gxf]pGh]n s[i0f pgnfO{ ;dfwfg lbg tof/ x'g'x'Gg . ch{'gdf a'‰g]
Ifdtfsf] ljsf; eof] eg] s[i0f pgnfO{ 1fg lbg tof/ x'g'x'G5 . ;To hfGgsf nflu ch{'gsf]
k"j{tof/L cfjZos 5 .
nf]suLtf– 181
cWofo–%
>Leujfg'jfr
;GGof;M sd{of]uZr lgM>]o;s/fj'ef} .
tof]:t' sd{;GGof;fTsd{of]uf] ljlziot] ..@..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– sd{;GGof; / lgisfd sd{of]u oL b'j} k/d sNof0fsf/ ePsfn] lgZro g}
>]i7 5g\ t/ tLdWo] sd{sf] kl/TofueGbf t lgisfd sd{of]u g} ljlzi6 5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{;GGof; / lgisfd sd{of]u b'j} k/d sNof0f u/fpg] dfu{ x'g\ . t/
klg lgisfd sd{of]u ;'ud x'gfn] ;fwssf nflu Hofb} sNof0fsf/L x'G5 . sd{;GGof;sf] cy{
kfgLdf lvlrPsf] /]vfh:tf] sd{ xf] h'g lvRg kfPsf] 5}g tTsfn d]l6G5 . t;y{ d]l6g] / gl6Sg]
/]vfnfO{ lvRg] k|of; ug{' cToGt} sl7g sfo{ xf] . xfdLnfO{ s'g} sd{sf] :d/0f 5}g / ;a} u/]sf
sd{x¿ e'ln;s]sf 5f} . xfd|f] gofF hGd;Fu} k]ml/ gofF ;kgf / gofF sd{ ;'? x'G5 . xfd|f] dgn]
k'/fgf s'/faf6 s]xL l;s]sf] 5}g . xfd|f] x/]s hGddf u/]sf sd{x¿ o;/L g} lj:d/0f ePsf 5g\ .
xfdLn] hGdnfO{ g} t lal;{of}+ eg] cfh;Dd u/]sf sd{sf pknlAwnfO{ ;lDemg] s'/} ePg . of] hfg]/
klg sd{sf] /]vf lvRg lxhf] klg 5f]8]gf}+“ / cfh klg lvlr g} /x]sf 5f}+ . dg]{ a]nfdf dfq of] ;a}
a]sf/ xf] eg]/ yfxf x'G5 t/ Tof] a]nf l9nf] eO;s]sf] x'G5 . kmn:j¿k k'gM gofF hGd / d[To''sf]
k'g/fj[lQ eO/xG5 .
sd{k|ltsf] xf]; / sd{af6 s]xL kmlnt x'Fb}g eGg] af]wsf] gfd sd{;GGof; xf] . sd{nfO{ v]n
7fGg] JolQm sd{af6 aflx/ x'G5 . sd{;GGof; sd{sf] Tofu xf]Og . of] sd{k|lt xf];k"0f{ hfu/0fsf]
l:ylt xf] hxfF sd{af6 s]xL klg k|fKt x'Fb}g eGg] cg'ej x'G5 . of] hfu/0f ePdf sd{ 5'6\5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] dfu{ sl7g t/ dª\unbfoL 5 / o; dfu{af6 k/d cg'e"lt;Dd k'Ug ;lsG5 .
lgisfd sd{of]usf] dfu{ ;/n 5 . o;df sd{k|lt xf]Og, kmnfsfª\Iff /fVg' Joy{ xf] eGg] hfGg'kb{5
eg] sd{;GGof;df sd{ g} Joy{ xf] eGg] hfGg'kb{5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– lgisfd sd{of]udf sd{ hf/L
/fVb} kmnfsfª\Iff dfq Tofu u/] k'U5 . kmnfsfª\Iffn] cGttM b'v lgDTofpF5 eGg] hfGof] eg] lgisfd
sd{af/] hfGg ;lsG5 .
;a} sd{ ;kgfh:t} x'g\ eGg] ;f]lrof] eg] sd{;GGof; kmlnt x'G5 . To:t} kmnfsfª\Iff b'v
xf] eGg] 7flgof] eg] lgisfd sd{ kmlnt x'G5 . kmnfsfª\Iffn] b'v dfq lbG5 lsgeg] xfdL h]
rfxG5f}+ Tof] slxNo} k"/f x'Fb}g . xfdLnfO{ jt{dfgdf ;bf b'v / eljiodf ;bf ;'vsf] k|tLlt x'G5 .
ha;Dd of] cj:yf /xG5, ta;Dd lgisfd sd{ kmlnt x'g ;Sb}g . jt{dfg ;'v ag]df eljiosf]
cfzf ;dfKt x'G5 . xfdL t jt{dfgdf slxNo} afFRb}gf“}+, s]jn eljiosf] cfzfdf dfq afFR5f}“+ .
lgisfd sd{sf] lgiklQ g} eljiosf] sNkgfdf gafFr eGg] xf] . ef]ln kfpg] cfzfdf /flvPsf]
kmn b'v dfq xf], h'g slxNo} cfpFb}g . ef]ln slxNo} cfpFb}g, h] 5 cfh g} 5, jt{dfgdf afRg]
JolQm kmnfsfª\IfL x'Fb}g . xfdL ;a} kmnnfO{ cd[t 7fG5f}+“ t/ xftdf t ljif dfq k|fKt x'G5 . xfdLn]
ctLtdf kmnfsfª\Iff /fv]/ u/]sf sd{sf] :d/0f Pjd\ ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg] xftdf z"Go dfq
e]l6G5 . kmnfsfª\Iff e|fGt ;kgf xf] hf] slxNo} el/“b}g, vfnL dfq x'G5 . kmnfsfª\Iffsf] Joy{tfnfO{
hfGg] JolQmnfO{ lgisfd sd{ kmlnt x''G5 . o:tf] k|tLlt x'g] JolQm sd{af6 efUb}g, pm sd{ ul/ g}
/xG5 t/ sd{ p;sf nflu clegoeGbf Hofbf x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û bf];|f] dfu{ cyf{t\
lgisfd sd{of]usf] dfu{ ;'ud 5 . ;a} sd{ 5f]8]/ lgh{/fnfO{ pknAw x'g] dxfjL/sf] dfu{ / lgisfd
sd{ ug]{ hgs h:tf JolQmsf] dfu{ b'j} sNof0fsf/L, lxtsf/L Pjd\ pTs[i6 5g\, t/ oL b'O{df
lgisfd sd{of]usf] dfu{ ;/n 5 .

nf]suLtf– 182
 cWofo–%
1]oM ; lgTo;GGof;L of] g å]li6 g sfª\Iflt .
lgå{Gåf] lx dxfafxf] ;'v+ aGwfTk|d'Rot] ..#..
x] dxfafx' ch{'g Û slxNo} sd{kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff klg gug]{ / sd{kmnk|lt å]if klg gug]{ lgisfd
sd{of]uL lgTo ;GGof;L xf] . ;GGof;L ;d:t å}t efjaf6 /lxt eP/ ;'vk"j{s ejaGwgaf6 klg d'Qm
x'G5 ..
xfdL s;};Fu of t cfslif{t jf ljslif{t x'G5f}+“ . xfdL ls t cfsfª\Iffn] jf ljk/Lt
cfsfª\Iffn] el/Psf x'G5f“}+ . xfdLnfO{ cfsif{0f / ljsif{0fsf] lardf /xg] s'g} cg'ej 5}g . cfsif{0f /
ljsif{0fdf s'g} klg JolQm cfglGbt x'Fb}g . oL b'j}sf lardf hf] JolQm /xG5 To;}n] cfgGb k|fKt
ub{5 . /fu / å]if ljk/Lt h:tf] nfUb5 t/ oL b''j}sf] zlQm Pp6} xf] . ;a} cfsif{0f ljsif{0f aGg
;S5 / ljsif{0f cfsif{0f aGg ;S5 . To;}n] /fu / å]if b'O{ zlQm xf]Ogg\ Pp6} zlQmsf b'O{ ¿k x'g\ .
To:t} 3[0ff–k|]d / ldqtf–zq''tf b'O{ zlQm xf]Ogg\, Pp6} zlQmsf b'O{ ¿k x'g\ . xfd|f] dg ls k|]ddf
ls 3[0ffdf x'G5 . k|]dn] ;'vsf] cfZjf;g lbG5 / 3[0ffn] b'vsf] kmn NofpF5 . /fun] ;'vsf] e/f];f
lbG5 / å]if b'vsf] kl/0flt aG5 . /fu cfsfª\Iff xf] / å]if kl/0ffd xf] .
>Ls[i0f lgisfd sd{nfO{ kl/eflift ub}{ eGg'x'G5– hf] JolQm /fu / å]ifsf] ctLt x'G5 Tof]
lgisfd sd{df k|fKt x'G5 . /fuL / lj/fuL b'j} aGwgdf x'G5g\ . /fuL wgdf afFlwPsf] x'G5 / lj/fuL
wg 5f]8\g] qmddf wg;Fu} g} afFlwPsf] x'G5 . ljsif{0f klg cfsif{0fsf] g} ljk/Lt ¿k xf] . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– h'g lbg hf] /fu / å]ifaf6 kf/ eP/ åGåftLt x'G5, ToxL lbg lgisfd sd{of]u kmlnt
x'G5 . xfdL t sd{ s]xL kfpgsf nflu u5f}{+ cyf{t\ s'g} lrhdf cfsif{0f / ljsif{0f eof] eg] dfq
u5f}{+ . xfd|f] sd{sf] pTk|]/0ff oL b'O{af6 dfq cfpF5 . klZrdsf dgf]j}1flgsx¿ ljgf pTk|]/0ffsf]
sd{ x'g ;S5 eg]/ dfGg tof/ 5}gg\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{df cfsif{0f jf ljsif{0fsf] efj eof]
eg] Tof] aGwg x'G5 t/ olb s'g} sf/0f ePg eg] Tof] lgisfd sd{ x'G5 . o:tf] lgisfd sd{ ug]{
JolQm sd{ ubf{ ub}{ klg sd{sf] aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . t/ dgf]j}1flgsx¿ o:tf] sd{ x'g} ;Sb}g
eG5g\, pgLx¿sf cg';f/ s'g} k|]/s sf/0f geO{ sd{ x'g} ;Sb}g t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ljgf sf/0f
sd{ x'g ;S5 Pjd\ /fu / å]ifljgfsf] sd{ ;Dej 5 .
k|mfo8b]lv kmf]d;Ddsf ;a} klZrdf dgf]j}1flgsx¿sf] cWoog la/fdL dflg;sf]
dfgl;stfnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ul/Psf kl/0ffd x'g\ . pgLx¿n] ?U0f, ljlIfKt, kfun JolQmx¿sf]
cWoog u/]/ cfˆgf] lgisif{ k|:t't u/]sf x'g\ . pgLx¿sf] cWoog ;fOsf]l;;, Go'/f]l;; cflb
dfgl;s /f]ux¿df cfwfl/t 5g\ . o;/L la/fdL JolQmx¿sf] cWoogsf] cfwf/df lgsflNfPsf lgisif{
;fdfGo JolQmx¿sf af/]df k|:t't ug{' unt x'G5 . bf];|f] s'/f– ;fdfGo JolQm klg k"0f{ JolQm xf]Og
To;}n] ;fwf/0f JolQmsf cfwf/df ul/Psf] cWoog k""0f{ gx''g klg ;S5 .
>Ls[i0fsf] dgf]lj1fg k"0f{ JolQmnfO{ cWoog u/]/ k|:t't ul/Psf] glthf xf] . dg'io h] x'g
;S5, To;sf pRrtd cfwf/df xfd|f] dfg;zf:q lgwf{l/t x'G5 . klZrdsf] dfg;zf:q dflg; hlt
tn lug{ ;S5 To;sf cfwf/df to ul/Psf] xf] . To;}n] klZrdsf] dgf]lj1fg xfd|f] dgf]lj1fg;Fu
tfnd]n x'g ;Sb}g . xfdLn] >]i7tfdf Wofg /fVof}+“ eg] pgLx¿n] lgs[i6tfdf Wofg /fv] . dg'iodf
pRrtf / lgs[i6tfsf b'j} cj:yf x'G5g\ . klZrdsf] dgf]lj1fgsf cfwf/df olb dg'io cfgGbdf
pknAw x'g} ;Sb}g eg]/ lgisif{ lgsflnof] eg] dflg; cfˆgf] b'vdf g} /f]lsG5 . lgs[i6tfnfO{ cfwf/
agfpg] xf] eg] dg'io b}lgs tn emg]{ 5 .

nf]suLtf– 183
cWofo–%
ljd'Qm k'?if /fu / å]ifaf6 d'Qm x'G5 lsgeg] ha s'g} JolQmn] /fu / å]ifnfO{ lrGb5, ta
p;sf] /fu / å]ifdf vr{ x''g] pmhf{ aRb5 / Tof] pmhf{ lgisfd sd{df vr{ x''g yfN5 . pmhf{ zfGt
eP/ vr{ geO/xg ;Sb}g . Tof] pmhf{ csf/0f pTk|]/0ff/lxt sd{df axG5 / To:tf] csf/0f aUg]
pmhf{df cfgGb x'G5 . /fu– å]ifaf6 kf/ ePsf] JolQmsf] leqL zlQm h''g cleJoQm x''g rfxG5 Tof]
xfjf / gbL csf/0f k|jflxt eP h:t} u/L axG5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– olb ltdL /fu /
å]ifaf6 d'Qm eP/ sd{df ;+nUg eof} eg] ;'vb\ dfu{ x'Fb} ;f/f aGwgx¿af6 d'Qm x'g] 5f} .
sd{ /fu / å]ifaf6 xf]Og leqsf] pmhf{af6 k}bf x'G5 . rG›, tf/f klg /fu å]ifljgf lg/Gt/
cfˆgf] st{Jodf tNnLg 5g\ . s0f s0fdf ePsf pmhf{ klg csf/0f g[To ul//x]sf 5g\, km"n
kmlqm/x]sf 5g\, r/f–r'?ËL pl8/x]sf 5g\, em/gfx¿ gbLdf ldl;P/ ;fu/tkm{ alu/x]sf 5g\, ;fu/
afkm ag]/ cfsfztkm{ ljgf /fu / å]ifsf ;fy pl8/x]sf] 5 . k|s[ltdf ePsf ;a} cfˆgf] st{Joaf6
Ro't 5}gg\ t/ dflg; dfq Ro't 5 lsgeg] p;df /fu / å]if 5 . hLjg pmhf{ hf] sd{ aG5
To;nfO{ xfdL hxfF rfx\of] ToxLF vr{ ug{ ;S5f}+ . Pp6f ;"Id s0fdf t ljB't\zlQm 5 eg] dg'io;Fu
t cgGt pmhf{ ;|f]t 5 hf] xfdLn] rfx]df /fu jf å]ifdf vr{ ug{ ;S5f}F jf vr{ gug{ klg ;S5f}+ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– lgisfdsdL{n] cfˆgf] pmhf{ /fu å]ifdf vr{ ub}{g . o;/L vr{ gePsf] pmhf{
lgliqmo klg x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] zlQm ;lqmo 5 . lgisfdsdL{n] To:tf] pmhf{ k/dfTdfdf ;dk{0f
u5{ To;}n] p;sf] kmn k/dfTdfsf] xftdf x'G5 . h'g If0f /fu / å]if /xFb}g, ToxL If0f JolQmsf]
hLjg k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf nLg x'G5 . of] k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t hLjg g} lgisfd sd{of]u xf] . o:tf]
JolQm a8f] ;'vsf ;fy aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . of] kfs]sf] kmn j[Ifaf6 em/] h:tf] x'G5, hxfF j[If,
kmn, kftdf s'g} rf]6 x'Fb}g / kmn ;':jfb' x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] dxfafx' Û ltdL /fu / å]if/lxt eP/ sd{ u/ . To;f] u/]df Ps lbg
ltdL ;'vb ¿kdf ;'s]sf] kft of kl/kSj kmn ?vaf6 5'6]em}+“ aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'g] 5f} . /fu / å]if
b'j} b'v xf] eg]/ hfGof] eg] dfq JolQm To;af6 ;'vb ¿kdf aflx/ cfpg ;S5 . lgisfd sd{of]uL
efu]/ sxLF hfg' kb}{g . h'g sf/0fn] efUg rfx]sf] xf] To;sf] /fu / å]if 5f]8] dfq k'U5 . wgdf /fu
jf å]if geP wg 5f]8]/ efUg' g} kb}{g . lgisfd sd{of]uL cToGt zflGtk"j{s, r'krfk ;'vb
cj:yfdf aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . /fu / å]ifaf6 d'Qm x'g] lalQs} hLjg pmhf{ csf/0f ;lqmo x'G5 /
o:tf] pmhf{ cwd{sf nflu ;lqmo x'g ;Sb}g . Tof] pmhf{ clgjfo{ ¿kn] wd{, dËn / >]osf nflu
x'g] 5 . o:tf] JolQmsf] hLjg wfld{s s[To aG5 lsgeg] Tof] pmhf{ k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t x'G5 .
;fª\Voof]uf} k[yUafnfM k|jblGt g kl08tfM .
PsdKofl:ytM ;Dou'eof]lj{Gbt] kmnd\ ..$..
pko'Qm ;Gof; / sd{of]unfO{ d"v{x¿ k[ys\–k[ys\ kmn lbg]jfnf eGb5g\ t/ 1fgLx¿ lognfO{
leGg b]Vb}gg\ lsgeg] oL b'O{dWo] Pp6f dfu{df dfq ;Dos\ k|sf/n] l:yt k'?if b'j} dfu{af6 k/dfTdf
k|fKt x'G5g\ ..
o; hut\sf] ;f/f leGgtf jf km/skg d"v{x¿sf] ;f]r dfq xf] . sd{;GGof; jf lgisfd sd{
b'j}af6 Pp6} wfd k|fKt x'G5 . 1fgLhg oL b'j}sf] uGtJo Pp6} xf] eg]/ hfGb5g\ . dfu{ cg]s 5g\
t/ lbJowfd jf k/d;Qf Pp6} dfq 5 . h'g;'s} dfu{af6 k|:yfg u/] klg ;Tosf] vf]hsf] cfsfª\Iff
5 eg] / cfgGb k|fKt ug]{ p2]Zo 5 eg] hxfFaf6 lxF8] klg ToxLF k'luG5 hxfF ;To / cfgGb l:yt
5g\ .

nf]suLtf– 184
 cWofo–%
>Ls[i0fn] b'O{j6f dfu{ atfpg' ePsf] 5 tLdWo] klxnf] dfu{ sd{sf] Tofu xf] / csf]{ dfu{
kmnfsfª\Iffsf] Tofu xf] . oL b'j} dfu{ sNof0fsf/L 5g\ t/ oLdWo] bf];|f] dfu{ ;/n / ;'ud 5 . /fu
/ å]ifaf6 d'Qm JolQm bf];|f] dfu{af6 ;lhn} kf/ x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d"v{x¿n] dfq oL
b'j} dfu{nfO{ ljk/Lt 7fG5g\ . t/ 1fgLx¿ eg] oL b'j} dfu{df leGgtf b]Vb}gg\, cyf{t\ b'j} dfu{ >]i7
7fGb5g\ . 1fgLx¿ b'j} dfu{nfO{ Pp6} dfGb5g\ . ch{'gnfO{ sd{;GGof; t a]sf/ /x]5≤ To;}n] lgisfd
sd{tkm{af6 g} kf/ x'g ;lsG5 eGg] nfUg ;S5 . x'g t ch{'g cem} 9'Ss dgl:yltdf 5}gg\ t}klg
ch{'gnfO{ sxL+ Pp6f dfq af6f] l7s /x]5 eGg] gnfuf];\ eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d"v{x¿ g} oL b'O{
dfu{nfO{ cnu cnu dfG5g\ ha ls 1fgLx¿ t b'j} dfu{nfO{ Pp6} dfGb5g\ . oL b'j}dWo] Pp6f
dfu{df dfq ;Dos\ k|sf/n] l:yt k'?if k/dfTdfdf k|fKt x'G5 .
oT;fª\Vo}M k|fKot] :yfg+ tBf]u}/lk uDot] .
Ps+ ;fª\Vo+ r of]u+ r oM kZolt ; kZolt ..%..
;fª\Voof]uLx¿n] h'g lbJo:yfg k|fKt ub{5g\, ToxL :yfg lgisfd sd{of]uLn] klg k|fKt ug{
;S5g\ . oL b'j} of]ux¿nfO{ h;n] Pp6} b]Vb5 Tof] g} jf:tljs ›i6f xf] ..
b]Vg t xfdL ;a}n] b]V5f}“ t/ w]/} sd JolQmn] dfq oyfy{ b]Vg ;S5g\ . h] xfdL b]V5f“}+ Tof]
ToxL x'Fb}g a? xfdL ToxL b]V5f}+“ h'g xfdL x]g{ rfxG5f“}+ . xfd|f] b[li6n] bz{gnfO{ ljs[t u5{ . xfd|f
cfFvfn] b[Zo x]g]{ dfq xf]Og To;nfO{ lgld{t klg u5{g\ . hLjgdf xfdL rf/}lt/ ljgf JofVofsf] s]xL
cg'ej ug{ ;Sb}gf}+ / JofVof ul/Psf] cg'ej ljs[t cg'ej x'G5 . xfdL h] x]5f}{+ To;df xfdL klg
;lDdlnt x'G5f}+ / ljs[lt l;lh{G5 . >Ls[i0f j:t' h] h:tf] 5, ToxL ¿kdf h:tfsf] To:t} ljgf
JofVof b]Vg ;Sg] JolQmnfO{ 1fgL eGg'x'G5 . lgisfd sd{ of sd{;GGof;n] Pp6} k/dl:ylt k|fKt
x'G5 . h;sf] b[li6 bz{gdf afwf aGb}g, h;sf] ljrf/ oyfy{df cf/f]lkt x'Fb}g / hf] cfkm"nfO{ z"Go
eP/ x]b{5g\ Tof] lglj{rf/sf] l:ylt xf] . oL b'j} dfu{ ljk/Lt xf]Ogg\ t/ lognfO{ c1fgLn] dfq
ljk/Lt b]V5 . ;+;f/df h] ljk/Lt b]lvG5 Tof] c1fgsf sf/0fn] ePsf] xf] . To;y{ >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– ;fª\Voof]uL tyf lgisfd sd{of]uL b'j}n] Tof] lbJo :yfg k|fKt ub{5g\ .
cFWof/f]–k|sfz, hGd–d[To'df lj/f]w 5}g lsgeg] hGd klg ToxL xf] hf] d[To' xf] / cFWof/f] klg
ToxL xf] hf] k|sfz xf] t/ cxª\sf/ gePsf] JolQmn] dfq o:tf] b]Vg ;S5 . xfdLleq ljrf/sf] å}t
lj;lh{t ePkl5 dfq olt ulx/fOdf b]Vg ;lsG5 . xfdL t s]jn ljrf/sf] cfwf/df dfq x]b{5f}+ .
kmqm]sf] km"n b]Vg] lalQs} xfdL km"n dfq xf]Og To;sf] ;'Gb/tf klg b]Vb5f} . km"n ;'Gb/ nfUg'
ljrf/ xf] . bz{g t ta x'G5 ha km"nsf] ;fd'Gg] pleP/ JolQm lglj{rf/ x'G5 clg dfq k"mnnfO{
hfGg ;S5 . gq t k"mnsf af/]df hfg]sf] s'/f ;'g]sf] cfwf/df bf]xf]¥ofpg' dfq x'G5 .
hLjgdf lglj{rf/ x'g ;Sg]nfO{ lj/f]wL dfu{ klg Pp6} nfUg yfN5 . oL dfu{ k/:k/df lj/f]wL
nfu] klg oL b'j} dfu{ ljk/Lt / lj/f]wL xf]Ogg\ . h;n] kmnfsfª\IffnfO{ 5f]8\5 p;sf nflu sd{
clego / v]neGbf Hofbf x'Fb}g lsgeg] xfdL sd{af6 kLl8t x'Fb}gf“}+ kmnfsfª\Iffaf6 dfq kLl8t
x'G5f“}+ . ck]Iff/lxt sd{n] cfgGbsf] åf/ vf]Nb5 . ck]Iff/lxt sd{ ubf{ ToxLF clGtd kmn kfOG5 h'g
sd{ 5f]8\g] JolQmn] k|fKt ub{5 clg czflGtsf] sf/0f afFsL g} /xFb}g . ldYof1fg c1fgeGbf
vt/gfs x'G5 . c1fgLn] d hflGbgF eg]/ cg'ej u¥of] eg] hfGg] ;Defjgf /xG5 t/ ldYof1fgL d
hfGb5' eGg] e|ddf x'G5 . ha;Dd ldYof1fg ;dfKt x'Fb}g ta;Dd ;Dos\ 1fg k|fKt xF'b}g . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– k/:k/ lj/f]wL b'O{ tŒjdf h;n] ;dfgtf jf PsTj b]Vb5 To;n] l7s b]Vb5 . oL b'O{
lj/f]wsf lar PsTj b]Vg ;Sg' ulx/f] ;"Idb[li6 xf] .

nf]suLtf– 185
cWofo–%
oyfy{df cfsfz–k[YjL, hGd–d[To' klg b'O{ xf]Ogg\ . cfsfzn] k[YjLnfO{ rf/}lt/af6 3]/]sf] 5 .
j}1flgs eG5g\– k[YjLn] klg Zjf; lnG5, To:t} rG›–tf/f klg b}lgs hGdG5g\ / d5{g\ . xfdLn]
vfPsf] cGgsf] /;af6 r]tgf aG5 . df6f] / r]tgf klg cnu xf]Ogg\ lsgeg] df6f] klg xfdLleq
uP/ r}tGo x'G5 . xfd|f] z/L/ klg df6f]eGbf a9L 5}g≤ To;}n] d[To'kl5 df6f] df6}df ljnLg x'G5 .
kbfy{ / r]tgf klg cnu xf]Ogg\ . c1fgL ;a} s'/fnfO{ å}t / 1fgL cå}t b]Vb5g\ . 1fgL b'O{df Ps
b]V5g\ / c1fgL Psdf klg km/s b]Vb5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] oL b'O{nfO{ Ps b]Vb5g\ pg}n]
sd{ ;GGof; / lgisfd sd{of]u b'j}nfO{ Pp6} hfGb5g\ .
;GGof;:t' dxfafxf] b'MvdfKt'dof]utM .
of]uo'Qmf] d'lga|{Xd glr/]0fflwuR5lt ..^..
x] dxfafx' Û lgisfd sd{of]u gu/L s]jn dg, OlGb|o / z/L/åf/f x'g] sd{x¿sf] dfq kl/Tofu
u/]/ sf]xL klg ;'vL x'bF }g . lgisfd sd{of]uljgf ;Gof; cyf{t\ dg, OlG›o / z/L/åf/f x'g] ;a}
sd{x¿df stf{kg TofUg sl7g x'G5 / eujt\:j¿ksf] dgg ug]{jfnf sd{of]uL k/a|Xd k/dfTdfnfO{
zL3| k|fKt ub{5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– oL b'j} dfu{ sd{Tofu -;GGof;_ / lgisfd sd{of]uaf6 ;fwsx¿ Ps}
:yfgdf k'Ub5g\ . ch{'gsf dgdf nfUg ;S5 ls To;f] eP lgisfd sd{ Tofu]/ ;GGof; g} lng'
pko'Qm xf]nf Û ch{'g sd{ 5f]8]/ efUg rfxG5g\ . To;}n] t uLtfsf] ;+jfb ;Dej eof] . ch{'gsf]
dgdf k¥of] xf]nf ls s[i0f klg d]/f] rfxgfcg'¿k g} s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . olb sd{nfO{ Tofu]/ klg
ToxLF k'luG5 eg] Joy{df o'4sf] emGem6 lsg lng' eGg] pgnfO{ nfu]sf] x'g'k5{ . pgnfO{ s[i0fsf]
egfOdf cfkm"n] rfx] adf]lhdsf] ;'emfj k|fKt ePsf] k|tLt ePsf] x'g'k5{ t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
ha;Dd cfsfª\Iff 5'6\b}g / sd{df lgisfd efj k|fKt x'Fb}g, ta;Dd sd{;GGof; jf lgisfd
sd{of]usf] s]xL cy{ x'Fb}g . pxfFn] ch{'gdf k'gM b'lawf v8f ul/lbg'eof] . cfsfª\Iff 5f]8]/ sd{sf]
cEof; gu?Gh]n sd{ klg 5'6\g ;Sb}g . h;n] cfsfª\Iff 5f]8\g ;Sb}g To;n] sd{ klg 5f]8\g
;Sb}g . cfsfª\Iff g5f]8L sd{ 5f]8]/ efUof] eg] sd{ t 5'6\5 t/ cfsfª\Iff 5'6\b}g .
Pp6f rf]/nfO{ ck/fw sd{ u/]afkt ;dft]/ h]ndf xflnof] eg] p;sf] rf]/L ug]{ sd{ t
5'6\5, k'gM rf]/L ug{ ;Sb}g t/ p;sf] rf]/ x'g] cfsfª\Iff 5'6\b}g . ha;Dd cfsfª\Iff 5'6\b}g
ta;Dd rf]/L 5'6\g ;Sb}g . To:t} sd{;GGof;L sd{ t 5f]8\5 t/ ha;Dd p;leqsf] nf]e, jf;gf,
sfdgf 5'6\b}g ta;Dd p;sf] sd{;GGof; kmlnt g} x'g ;Sb}g . o;k|sf/sf ;GGof;Lsf] kl/l:ylt
ablnP klg dgl:ylt ablnFb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] h:tf] kl/l:yltdf klg dgl:ylt abNg
;S5 To;n] o'4af6 efu]/ hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf g} /xFb}g . d"n s'/f t dgl:ylt abNg' xf] . JolQm
olb jf;gf, cfsfª\Iff lnP/ lxdfnodf uP klg s]xL km/s kb}{g, :yfg dfq kl/jt{g x'G5 t/
dgl:ylt ablnFb}g / JolQm pxL /xG5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– sd{ 5f]8]/ efUg' t ;lhnf] 5
t/ cfsfª\Iff lt/f]lxt ePsf] 5}g eg] sd{ 5f]8]/ klg s]xL pknlAw x'Fb}g . To:t} lgisfd sd{sf]
cEof; ;kmn ePsf] 5}g eg] klg sd{ 5f]8\g'sf] s]xL cy{ 5}g . klxnf ltdL lgisfd sd{sf] cEof;
u/, o;df ;kmn eof} eg] efu]/ sxLF hfg'kb}{g . olb lgisfd sd{sf] ;fwgf ;kmn eof] eg]
alxd{'vL JolQm sd{ ul//xG5 / sd{af6 efUb}g, s]jn kmn k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t u5{ .
s[i0f k"/f ;do ch{'gsf] dgf]lj1fgsf] cWoog ub}{ x'g'x'G5≤ of] u'?sf] k/d s[kf xf] .
jf:tjdf ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ s]jn efUg rfx]sf] s'/fsf] ;fIfL dfq agfpg rfxG5g\ . ch{'g sfo/tfsf
sf/0f o'4af6 knfog ePsf xf]Ogg\ a? kl/l:ylt cg';f/ zf:q;Ddt gLltsf] cg';/0f ub}{ lx+;f

nf]suLtf– 186
 cWofo–%
jf o'4af6 efu]sf x'g\ eGg] egfO pgL s[i0fsf] d'vaf6 ;'Gg rfxG5g\ . ch{'gsf] o'4af6 knfog x'g]
ts{nfO{ s[i0fn] pko'Qm lg0f{o xf] elglbg'xf];\ eGg] pgsf] rfxgf 5 . ch{'g d}n] t sd{Tofu
ul/lbPF≤ s'g} ck/fw u/]sf] 5}g . olb s'g} uNtL 5 eg] s[i0fnfO{ ;f]w eGg] b]vfpg rfxG5g\ t/
ch{'gn] h;nfO{ ;fIfL /fVg rfxG5g\ To:tf k/dk'?ifsf] 5gs eg] pgn] kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
o'4af6 knfog x'g vf]Hg] ch{'gsf] ;fIfL >Ls[i0f x'g ;Dej 5}g .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ knfog x'g glbO{ pgsf] ljrf/df ¿kfGt/0f u/]/ gofF JolQmTj t lbg
;Sg'x'G5 t/ ch{'gsf sdhf]/Lx¿sf] cf8 aGg ;Sg'x'Gg . >Ls[i0f ha ha sd{;GGof;sf s'/f
ug{'x'G5 ta ch{'g k|km'lNnt x'G5g\ . s[i0f ch{'gsf] knfog / unt egfOdf ;xf/f aGg'x'Gg .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ha;Dd ltdL lgisfdsdL{ aGb}gf} ta;Dd efu]/ b'vL dfq x'g] 5f} . lgisfd sd{
cToGt ;/n 5 t/ Tof] ch{'gnfO{ sl7g nflu/x]sf] 5 . ch{'gnfO{ ;/n nfu]sf] sd{Tofu jf sd{
;GGof;nfO{ >Ls[i0fn] sl7g eGg'x'G5 . olb cfkmGtafx]s c¿ sf]xL o'4df ;+nUg ePsf eP
;/ntfk"j{s pgL o'4 ug{ / zq'nfO{ luF8\g klg tof/ x'Gy] . pgsf] dgdf lx+;fk|lt s'g} c8\rg
lyPg . pgL t s]jn cfkmGtx¿ g} o'4df ;fd]n ePsfn] dfq lrlGtt ePsf x'g\ . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn]
ch{'gsf] dgsf s'/f a'em]/ eGg'eof]– lgisfd sd{sf] cEof;, ;fwgf gu/L ;GGof; x'g ;Sb}g .
To;}n] ltdL kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff g/fvL lglj{sNk eP/ o'4 u/ .
sd{;GGof;sf] aflx/L cy{ t sd{sf] Tofu g} xf] t/ leqL cy{ stf{kgsf] Tofu xf] . sd{
5'6\g]lalQs} stf{ :jtM 5'6\5 . JolQmn] cfkm"nfO{ z"Go kfpg]lalQs} stf{ 5'6\5 . jf:tjdf xfdL
leqsf] c1ft zlQmn] g} ;a} rnfPsf] x'G5 . lgoltnfO{ dfGg] xf] eg] klg xfdL stf{ x“'b}gf}+“ lsgeg]
xfd|f] ;Dk"0f{ afu8f]/ g} k/dfTdfsf] xftdf x'G5 . xfdL hlt leq uP/ cfTdfdf l:yt x'G5f“}, ToxfF
;a} s'/f k/dfTdfsf] xftaf6 ;~rfng ePsf] kfp“5f“} . lgisfd sd{df sd{ / stf{ 5f]8\g'kb}{g s]jn
sd{kmnsf] cfsfª\Iffdfq 5f]8\g'k5{ . sd{sf] kmn 5f]8\g] lalQs} stf{ aRb}g / sd{ v]n aGg k'U5 .
of]uo'Qmf] ljz'4fTdf ljlhtfTdf lht]lG›oM .
;j{e"tfTde"tfTdf s'j{Gglk g lnKot] ..&..
h;sf] dg cfˆgf] jzdf 5, hf] lht]lG›o Pjd\ ljz'4 cGt:s/0fjfnf 5 Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{
k|f0fLx¿sf] cfTdf¿k k/dfTdf g} h;sf] cfTdf 5, o:tf] sd{of]uL ;a} sd{ u/]/ klg sd{df lnKt
x'bF }g ..
;fdfGotof xfdLnfO{ z/L/ g} cfk""m xF' eGg] nfU5, z/L/af6 cfkm" leGg ePsf] yfxf x'Fb}g .
To;}n] xfdL z/L/sf] jzdf x'G5f“} lsgeg] xfdL t cfkm"nfO{ z/L/ dfg]/ g} afFR5f}+“ . xfd|f] z/L/eGbf
c¿ klg s]xL xfdLleq 5 eGg] vf]h g} ub}{gf}+“ . xfd|f] afXo hut\ t z/L/nfO{ cfkm" dfg]/ klg sfd
rNg ;S5 t/ oyfy{df k/dfTdfsf] vf]h z/L/af6 ;Dej 5}g . z/L/af6 cfTdf¿kL cd[t vf]h
u/]/ Tof] k|e'sf] dlGb/df k'Ug ;lsFb}g . h;nfO{ d z/L/eGbf leGg x'F eGg] hfgsf/L x'G5, p;n]
z/L/nfO{ jzdf ul//xg'kb}{g, z/L/ cfkm“}+ jzdf x'G5 . d z/L/eGbf leGg / z/L/nfO{ cltqmd0f
ug]{jfnf x'F eGg] af]w x'g' cfk"mnfO{ hfGg' xf] cyf{t\ z/L/sf] :jfdL x'g] va/ xf] . :jod\nfO{ d
z/L/eGbf leGg x'F eGg] af]w x'g] lalQs} z/L/ cg'zf;gdf /xg yfN5 .
h;nfO{ cfkm" z/L/eGbf leGg x'F eGg] cg'ej x'G5, p;sf] z/L/ jzdf x'G5 . s'g} klg
lrhnfO{ jzdf /fVgsf nflu To;sf] 1fg x'g'kb{5 . 1fgn] dfq z/L/ jf dg lgolGqt x'G5 .
xfdLn] z/L/eGbf cTo'Qd j:t' cfkm"leq vf]Hg ;Sof}+“ eg] dfq z/L/ jzdf cfpg ;S5 lsgeg]
cTo'Qd j:t';dIf lgs[i6 j:t' cfkm}+ g} em'Sb5, em'sfpg} kb}{g . h;nfO{ ha/h:tL em'sfOPsf] 5

nf]suLtf– 187
cWofo–%
To;n] Ps g Ps lbg abnf lnP/} 5f8\5 . z/L/nfO{ bdgn], t'R5 ;fwgfn] jf ;tfP/ b'v lbgfn]
cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf Nofpg ;lsFb}g lsgeg] z/L/nfO{ b'v lbg] jf ;tfpg] sfo{ klg z/L/åf/f g}
x'G5 . o;af6 z/L/ sdhf]/ x'g ;S5 t/ lgoGq0fdf eg] cfpFb}g . slxn]sfxLF lga{ntf jf
sdhf]/Lsf sf/0f z/L/ jzdf ePsf] wf]sf x'g ;S5 . z/L/nfO{ ;tfP/ jf ef]hg glbP/ jzdf
cfpF5 eGg' e|flGt dfq xf] . o:tf] ugf{n] z/L/ sdhf]/ x'G5 t/ lgoGq0fdf cfpFb}g . z/L/ jzdf
x'gsf nflu cfTdf ;an x'g'k5{ . cfTdf ;an x'g]lalQs} z/L/ :jtM jzdf x'G5 .
b'i6 hg h;sf] dgsf ulx/fOdf lx+;f n's]sf] x'G5, pgLx¿ c¿sf] lx+;f ug{ zf/Ll/s
¿kdf c;dy{ 5g\ eg] ltgLx¿ cGttM cfkm"dfly g} lx+;f ;'? u5{g\ . cfTdlx+;fnfO{ xfdL tk:of
7fG5f}+ h'g unt xf] . cfTdlx+;f tk:of xf]Og≤ cfTd–lx+;f t ljlIfKttfsf] kl/0ffd xf] . cfkm"nfO{
lx+;f ug]{ JolQm c¿k|lt slxNo} clx+;|s aGg} ;Sb}gg\ . hLjgsf] ;f/f ofqf :jod\af6 ;'? x'G5 .
s[i0fsf] z/L/ jzdf ug{'sf] cfzo b'vL aGg' jf cfTdlx+;|s aGg' eGg] sbflk xf]Og . s[i0f t
z/L/nfO{ Hofb} k|]d ug]{ JolQmdWo] Ps x'g'x'G5 . z/L/;Fu eoeLt ToxL JolQm x'g ;S5 h;sf]
cfTdf sdhf]/ 5 . h;sf] cGt:s/0f ;an 5 p;sf] cfTdf klg ;an x'G5 . cGt:s/0f hlt
cz'4 x'Fb} hfG5 Tolt g} cfTdf lga{n x'G5 . cz'l4n] cfTdfnfO{ lga{n agfpF5 . r]tgfsf] kljqtfn]
cfTdf z'4 x'G5 . xfdL ha s'g} ckljq Pjd\ cg}lts sfd u5f}{+ Toltv]/ cfTdf lga{n x'G5 .
rf]/Lsf] ljrf/ ubf{ leqsf] zlQm lga{n x'G5 / ;]jf jf bfg ug]{ s'/f ;f]Rg]lalQs} leqsf] zlQm
alnof] x'G5 . dfUgfn] zlQm sdhf]/ x'G5 / lbgfn] zlQm ;an x'G5 . ;an / lga{n x'gdf z'l4 /
cz'l4 g} dfkb08 x'G5 . dg lga{n x'g yfNof] eg] hfGg'k5{ ls sxL+ st} cz'l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . ha
leq k|f0f ;an x'G5 ta leq s'g} z'l4sfo{ z'ef/De ePsf] 5 eGg] hfGg'k5{ .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cGt:s/0f cz'4 ePsf JolQmx¿ ;'vsf nflu csf]{ JolQmdf lge{/
x'G5g\ . c¿df lge{/tf kfk / cz'l4 xf] . cfˆgf] ;'vsf nflu c¿df lge{/ /xg' rfx] tL kltkTgL
g} lsg gxf]pmg\ kfk / cz'l4 xf] . leIff kfq lnP/ c¿sf 3/df plePdf cfTdf cz'4 x'G5 . cem
af/Daf/ Tof] s[To bf]xf]¥ofOof] eg] t cGt:s/0fsf] cfjfh g} aGb x'G5 . rf]/n] klg klxnf] k6s
rf]/L ug{'cl3 cGt:s/0fsf] cfjfh ;'G5 . af/Daf/ ToxL s[To bf]xf]¥ofpFbf eg] cfjfh ;'lgg 5f8\5 .
xfdL ;a}n] ha hLjgdf gofF sfo{sf] z'ef/De ug{ yfN5f}+ To;a]nf cfTdfsf] cfjfh :ki6 ;'lgG5
t/ af/Daf/ ToxL s[To eO/Xof] eg] cfjfh ;'lgg 5f]8\5 clg cz'l4 klg z'4 nfUg yfN5 .
sd{sf] z'ef/De ug{'cl3 xfd|f] dg ;an eof] eg] Tof] cfTdfsf] kIfdf u/]sf] sfo{ x'G5 t/
sd{ ubf{ xfdL leq lga{ntf pAHof] eg] Tof] sfo{ cfTdfsf] ljkIfdf 5 eGg] a'‰g'k5{ . c¿df ePsf]
cToGt ;"Id lge{/tf jf ;'v klg kfk xf] / To;n] cfkm"df lga{ntf pTkGg u5{ . ;'vsf nflu
k/lge{/ gx'g] JolQmsf] dfq cGt:s/0f z'4 x'G5 . cz'l4 k}bf x'g] åf/ sfdgf, jf;gf, cfsfª\Iff
cflb x'g\ . jf;gfu|:t OR5fn] el/Psf] dg sdhf]/, cz'4 / b'vL eP/ cGwsf/df 8'A5 . OR5f k"/f
ePdf ;'v ldNb}g / k"/f gePdf klg b'v g} k|fKt x'G5 . b'v cGwsf/¿kL w'jfF xf] . hxfF b'v x'Fb}g,
ToxfF k|f0fsf] Hof]lt w'jfFaf6 d'Qm eO{ pHHjn eP/ hNb5 . jf;gfsf] åf/af6 vf]h ug]{ JolQmsf]
cGt:s/0f z'4 x'Fb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– z/L/ cfˆgf] jzdf x''g], cGt:s/0f z'4 x''g], cfTdf kljq x'g] JolQm
h;nfO{ k|e';Fu cfˆgf] cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGwsf] hfgsf/L x'G5 p;sf] lj/f6\;Fu tTIf0f PsfTdstf
:yflkt x'G5 . kljqtfdf ;a} afwfx¿ x6\5g\ / v'Nnf cfsfz;Fu ldng x'G5 . ckljqtfsf]
kvf{nn] xfdL ;a}nfO{ k/dfTdf;Fu cnu u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] jf;gfsf] kvf{nn] xfdLnfO{ g} ckljq

nf]suLtf– 188
 cWofo–%
¿kdf leq aGb u/]sf] 5 . ha Tof] ckljq jf;gf¿kL kvf{n elTsG5 tTsfn k|e' / JolQmlar
Psfsf/ x'G5 .
z/L/ / d cnu xf“} eg]/ hfGg] JolQmn] dfq k/dfTdf / d Ps} xf}+ eg]/ hfGb5 . To;}n]
k/dfTdf;Fu PsfTdtfsf nflu z/L/eGbf kf/ p7\g' clgjfo{ x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;sf] z/L/
cfˆgf] jzdf 5, h;sf] cGt:s/0f z'4 5 Pjd\ cfTdf kljq 5 To:tf] JolQm sd{n] lnKt x'Fb}g ;fy}
o;k|sf/sf JolQmn] h] u/] klg sd{ p;;Fu 6fFl;b}g . o; egfOaf6 w]/}nfO{ h] klg ug{ cyf{t\
rf]/L, a]OdfgL / xTof ug{ klg 5'6 ePsf] unt wf/0ff k}bf ePsf] 5 t/ o:tf s's[To ug]{ JolQm
oxfF;Dd k'Ug} ;Sb}gg\ / hf] oxfF;Dd k'u]sf] 5 To;af6 o;k|sf/sf s's[To x'g} ;Sb}gg\ . o:tf
JolQmdf s'g} g}lts aGwg x'Fb}g lsgeg] g}lts aGwgdf afFlwPsf] JolQmdf cg}lts aGwg klg
/xG5 . gLltdf kf]Vt JolQmsf] leq cgLlt jf s'gLlt Pjd\ kmf]xf]/ klg x'G5 . To:tf JolQmsf]
cGt:s/0f z'4 x'g] k|Zg g} p7\b}g .
h] u/] klg sd{aGwg x'Fb}g eGg'cl3 z/L/dfly ljho kfpg'kg]{ klxnf] ;t{ xf] . cGt:s/0f
z'4 x'g'kg]{ bf];|f] ;t{ xf] / k/dfTdf;Fu cfˆgf] cGof]Gofl>t jf ce]B ;DaGw x'g'kg{] t];|f] ;t{ xf] .
oL tLg ;t{ k"/f ug]{ JolQmn] ljgf;t{ h] u/] klg To:tf] JolQmdf sd{sf] n]k z]if /xFb}g . o:tf
JolQmn] t h] u5{g\ tL ;a} k/dfTdfsf s[To x'G5g\ . k/dfTdfsf] s[Todf s'g} gLlt, wd{sf] aGwg g}
x'Fb}g . h;sf] cl:dtf g} z]if 5}g p;af6 s'g} uNtL x'g} ;Sb}g . o:tf] JolQmn] h] u5{, Tof] ;xL /
k/d x'G5 . lh;; / df]xDdbn] s[i0fsf] h:tf] jQmJo lbg ;Sg'ePg . uLtf k9\g] JolQmnfO{ s'/fg /
afOan lkmSsf nfUg ;S5 . afOansf] 6]g sdfG8d]G6\; wd{sf] g}lts cfwf/ xf] hf] uLtfsf] cufl8
lkmSsf 5 . >Ls[i0fn] ;+jfb ug{'ePsf] JolQmsf] t'ngfdf lh;; / df]xDdb c;Eo / c;+:s[t ;dfh
/ JolQmx¿;Fu af]Nb} x'g'x'GYof] . >Ls[i0f Pp6f ;DefJo r]tg JolQm;Fu ;+jfb ub}{ x'g'x'G5 hf]
;';+:s[t / ;Eo ;dfhsf ljlzi6 k|ltef ;DkGg JolQm x'g\ .
>Ls[i0fsf] h:tf] jQmJo t /fdn] klg lbg] lxDdt ug{'ePg . /fd klg lh;; / df]xDdbsf]
efiffdf af]Ng'x'G5 . dof{bf k'?iff]Qd ePsfn] dof{bfsf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 . /fd klg s[i0fsf] egfOaf6
cfZro{rlst x'g'x'GYof] xf]nf . /fd g}lts lrGtgsf k/fsfi7f x'g'x'G5 t/ wd{ ToxL“af6 ;''? x'G5
hxfF gLlt ;dfKt x'G5 . wd{ cufl8sf] ofqf xf], hxfF ;f/f lgodx¿ ;dfKt x'G5g\ . gLlt, lgod
;'Gb/ x'g ;S5g\ t/ lgod lgod g} xf] . dof{bf ;'Gb/ x'g ;S5 t/ dof{bf dof{bf dfq xf] . oL ;a}
;'gsf kvf{n x'g\, hf] ;'Gb/ x'G5g\ . t/ kvf{n eg] kvf{n g} xf] . >Ls[i0f t kvf{n / aGwgaf6
d'Qm, k/dd'lQmsf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGb} x'g'x'G5– ltdL oL ;t{ k"/f u/ ta dfq ltdL h]
u/] klg d'Qm x'g] 5f} . o; jQmJosf dfWodaf6 >Ls[i0fn] ;+;f/nfO{ g} ;jf]{Rr dfu{bz{g u/fpg'
ePsf] 5 . k[YjLdf s;}n] klg o; k|sf/sf] ;jf]{Rr dfu{ b]vfPsf 5}gg\ .
g}j lsl~rTs/f]dLlt o'Qmf] dGo]t tŒjljt\ .
kZo~>[0jG:k[zl~h3|GgZgGuR5G:jk~Zj;g\ ..*..
lbJo r]tgfn] o'Qm dflg;n] x]bf{, ;'Gbf, 5'bF f, ;'£F bf, vfFbf, lxF8\bf, ;'Tbf / ;f; km]bf{ klg oL
;a} sfd d}n] ul//x]sf] 5}g eGg] ljrf/ ul//x]sf] x'G5 ..
k|nklGj;[hGu[X0fGg'lGdiflGgldifGglk .
OlG›of0fLlG›ofy]{if' jt{Gt Olt wf/og\ ..(..

nf]suLtf– 189
cWofo–%
o;/L g} 1fgLhg s'/fsfgL ubf{, dnd"q Tofu ubf{, j:t' u|x0f ubf{, cfFvf p3fbf{ / lrDnFbf
klg ef}lts OlG›ox¿ ef]u jf ljifo t[lKtdf nflu/x] klg oL ;a} sfd d}n] ul//x]sf] 5}g≤ d ;a}af6
cnu 5' eGg] wf/0ff /fV5g\ ..
tŒjj]Qf k'?if sd{ ubf{ ub}{ klg cfkm" To;af6 cnu ePsf] 7fGb5 . OlG›ox¿ cfˆgf]
:jefjsf sf/0f ablnG5g\ . pgLx¿ OlG›osf] kl/jt{g jf ablng] k|lqmofnfO{ cfˆgf] sd{ dfGb}gg\ .
pgLx¿ cfkm" stf{ x'Fb}gg\ a? OlG›ox¿sf] sd{nfO{ hfGg]jfnf ;fIfL x'G5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
tŒjj]Qfx¿ k|f0fsf] ulx/fOdf n's]sf] hLjgsf] cl:tŒj Pp6} 5 eGg] dfGb5g\ . xfdL ;fwf/0ftof
k~rtŒjsf] s'/f u5f}{+– k[YjL, hn, clUg, jfo' / cfsfz . lj1fgn] !)* tŒjsf] s'/f u5{ t/ clxn]
lj1fgnfO{ klg !)* tŒj xf]Ogg\, a? oL ;a} tŒj Pp6} tŒjsf ljljw ¿k x'g\ eGg] nfUg yfn]sf]
5 . Tof] Ps tŒjnfO{ lj1fg ljB't\ eGb5 . >Ls[i0f To;nfO{ ljB't\ xf]Og r]tgf eGg'x'G5 . ;fob
lj1fgn] klg rfF8} Tof] tŒj r]tgf g} xf] eg]/ :jLsf/ ug]{ 5 . aflx/af6 x]bf{ cgGt tŒj b]vf
kb{5g\ t/ ha tŒjdf lj1fg k|j]z u5{ ta ;a} tŒj Pp6} tŒjsf ¿k x'g\ eGg] lgSof]{ndf k'U5 .
h:tf] ls ;'gsf uxgfx¿ cnu–cnu eP klg ;f/df ;a} ;'g dfq xf] . To:t} clxn] lj1fg s]
:jLsf/ u5{ eg] Tof] tŒj ljB't\ pmhf{ xf] . kfgL, 9'Ëf / sf]Onfdf klg pxL pmhf{ 5 . xL/f klg
sf]Onfs} ljsl;t ¿k xf] . nfvf}+ jif{ hldgd'lg udL{df blaP/ g} sf]Onf xL/fdf ¿kfGtl/t ePsf]
xf] .
grfxFbf grfxFb} klg ;f/f tŒj Ps x'g\ eGg] wd{sf 3f]if0ff;Fu lj1fg la:tf/} ;xdt x'g
yfn]sf] 5 . lj1fgn] of] tŒjnfO{ cr]tg dfGb5 eg] wd{n] o;nfO{ r]tg dfGb5 . wd{sf] ljrf/df
lgs[i6af6 >]i7 hlGdg ;S5 . lapaf6 j[If hlGdG5 lsgeg] To; lahdf j[If x'g] ;Defjgf
pkl:yt 5, cGoyf ToxfF j[If pld|g ;Sb}g . olb r]tgf ;+;f/df sxL+ hlGd/x]sf] 5 eg] Tof]
kbfy{df g} sxLF n's]sf] x'g'kb{5 . o;sf] pkl:yltnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug{' cj}1flgs x'G5 lsgeg] h]
k|s6 x'g ;S5 Tof] cJoQm / ck|s6df n's]sf] x'g}k5{ .
lj1fgn] hut\df Pp6f dfq tŒj 5 / Tof] tŒj ljB't\ pmhf{ xf] eG5 . wd{n] klg hut\df
Pp6} tŒj 5 h'g r]tg tŒj xf] eG5 . r]tgf ljB't\ pmhf{df ck|s6 x'g ;S5 / dg'iodf ljsl;t
eP/ k|s6 x'G5 . Pp6f aRrf ef]ln hjfg x'G5, kl;{ a'9f] x'G5 . cfh lj1fg klg hjfg / a'9f] x'g]
sfo{ p;sf] cfg'j+lzs sf]ifdf df}h'b 5 eGb5 . Tof] cfdfafa'af6 kfPsf] klxnf] c0f'df p;sf] k"/f
lhGbuLsf] gS;f pkl:yt x'G5, cGoyf Tof] x'g ;Sb}g . Pp6f aLhaf6 s/f]8f}+ j[Ifx¿ p:t} k|s[ltsf
k}bf x'G5g\ . cfh j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– aLhdf j[If n's]sf] x'G5 vfln k|s6 x'g dfq afFsL 5 . k|s6
x'gnfO{ ;do nfU5 t/ h] k|s6 x'G5 Tof] lxhf] ck|s6 lyof] . of] klg jLhdf n's]sf] r]tg zlQmsf
sf/0fn] ePsf] xf] . lj1fgn] h;nfO{ ljB't\ eG5, wd{n] To;nfO{ r]tgf eG5 . wd{sf] k'/fg} lgZro
5 hf] k|s6 x'G5 Tof] sxL+ g sxL+ j:t'df n's]sf] x'G5, cGoyf k|s6 g} x'g ;Sb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– c1fgL w]/} s'/f hfGb5 t/ 1fgL Ps tŒj dfq hfGb5 . c1fgL PsnfO{
5f]8]/ ;a} hfGb5 / 1fgL ;a} 5f]8]/ PsnfO{ dfq hfGb5 . Tof] PsnfO{ hfg]/ 1fgL ;a} s'/f
hfGb5 . o:tf] JolQmnfO{ OlG›osf] sd{ cfˆgf] xf]Og, OlG›osf] g} xf] eGg] nfUb5 . OlG›ox¿n]
cfˆgf sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ t/ xfdL e|flGtn] ubf{ OlG›osf] sd{nfO{ cfˆgf] sd{ 7fG5f}+ . xfdLnfO{
ef]s nfUbf cfkm}+nfO{ ef]s nfUof] eGg] 7fGb5f}+ t/ ljrf/ ug]{ xf] eg] ef]s dnfO{ xf]Og k]6nfO{
nfUb5 / dnfO{ yfxf x'G5 . ef]s nfUg' / yfxf kfpg' cnu s'/f x'g\ . xfdL k|To]s OlG›o;Fu
cfkm"nfO{ hf]8\5f“}+ . ;f/f OlG›o pks/0f x'g\ t/ xfdL OlG›o;Fu cfkm"nfO{ hf]8]/ x]b{5f}+ .

nf]suLtf– 190
 cWofo–%
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] Tof] Ps tŒjnfO{ hfGb5 p;n] OlG›ox¿ cf–cfˆgf sfd ul//x]sf
5g\ / d stf{ xf]Og“ eGg] hfGb5 . xfdLnfO{ cfk"m OlG›osf hf]8 xf}+ eGg] nfUb5 h;nfO{ tf]8\g'k5{ .
To;nfO{ tf]8\gsf nflu h] eO/x]sf] 5 Tof] OlG›onfO{ dfq eO/x]sf] xf] dnfO{ xf]Og eGg] ljrf/
ug{'k5{ . h'g h'g lqmofx¿nfO{ d sf] k|of]u ul/G5 Tof] lqmof OlG›osf] xf] d]/f] xf]Og eGg] :d/0f
c6'6 ¿kdf ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf c6'6 :d/0fn] lrQdf o;sf] k|efj k5{ . d laNfs'n c¿ g}
x'F egL OlG›oaf6 6f9f /x]/ x]g]{ r]i6f u/] OlG›ox¿ cfˆgf] sfd ub{5g\ / d stf{ xf]Og“ eGg] :ki6
b]lvG5 . ef]s nfUg], lg›f nfUg] d xf]Og“, d t hfGg]jfnf x'F eGg] JolQm OlG›osf] sfdnfO{ p;s}
sfd xf] eg]/ hfGb5 . d k[ys\ x'F eGg] 1fg hlt a9\5≤ plt g} OlGbo dflns /xFb}gg\, bf; x'G5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– tŒjj]Qfx¿ OlG›ox¿n] cf–cfˆgf] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ eGg] hfGb5g\ /
pgLx¿ OlG›oaf6 6f9f pleG5g\ . d OlG›oeGbf k[ys\ x'F eg]/ hfGg] JolQm g} lgisfd sd{df k|fKt
x'G5 . o:tf JolQmnfO{ cfgGbsf] s'g} ;Ldf x'Fb}g . ha;Dd lgisfd sd{sf] l:ylt k|fKt x'Fb}g,
ta;Dd xfdL hLjg u'dfO/x]sf x'G5f}+“ . OlG›osf ;d:t sd{ k|s[ltaf6 eO/x]sf 5g\, hxfF xfd|f] s'g}
h?/t 5}g . vfgf t xfdL d'vn] vfG5f}+“ t/ krfpg] sfd c¿ s;}n] ul//x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] vfPsf]
7f]; s'/fnfO{ s;}n] /ut agfpFb} 5 . To;}n] t elgG5 k|s[lt /x:ok"0f{ 5 . of] j}1flgsx¿sf a'l4n]
klg ug{ g;Sg] sfo{ c1ftn] /x:ok"0f{ 9Ëaf6 ul//x]sf] 5 . z/L/zf:qLx¿ eG5g\– Pp6f JolQmsf]
k]6leq OlG›ox¿n] ug]{ sfdsf nflu Ps ju{ldnsf] If]qkmnsf] sf/vfgf rflxG5 . xfdL /flt
lgbfpF5f}+“ t/ klg z/L/sf sfd ;~rfng eO/x]sf x'G5g\ . sf]xL JolQm a]xf]; eP/ n8]sf] eP klg
p;sf] z/L/leqsf] sfo{ rln/xG5 . z/L/n] krfpg], /ut agfpg] oL ;a} sfd k|fs[lts ¿kdf
;DkGg ul//x]sf] x'G5 . OlG›ox¿ k|s[ltsf xft x'g\ . OlG›o;Fu cfkm"nfO{ hf]8\g] JolQm c1fgL xf] /
h;n] cfkm"nfO{ OlG›ox¿af6 cnu hfGb5, Tof] 1fgL xf] .
a|Xd0ofwfo sdf{l0f ;Ë+ ToSTjf s/f]lt oM .
lnKot] g ; kfk]g kßkqldjfDe;f ..!)..
h;/L sdnsf] kftnfO{ kfgLn] lehfpg ;Sb}g To;/L g} h;n] cf;lQmnfO{ Tofu]/ sd{x¿
k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t ub{5, pm ;a} k|sf/sf kfkaf6 5'6\5 jf kfkn] p;nfO{ 5'bF }g / pm kfkn] lnKt
x'bF }g ..
k/dfTdfnfO{ ;dk{0f u/]/ hf] k'?if afFRb5 Tof] sdnsf] kfth:t} hndf /x]/ klg leHb}g .
xfdL slxn]sfxLF k/dfTdfnfO{ c;kmntfx¿ ;dlk{t u5f}{+ t/ ;kmntf ;dlk{t ub}{gf}+ . k/fhonfO{
O{Zj/df ;dlk{t u5f}{+ t/ ljho ePdf ;dk{0f ub}{gf}+ . ;'vdf O{Zj/ ;Demb}gf}+ t/ b'vdf k/dfTdf
k'sf5f}{+ . s;}n] xf¥of], b'v kfof] jf c;kmntf ef]Ug'k¥of] eg] efUosf sf/0f b'v kfOof] eG5f}+ t/
lht xfl;n u¥of], ;j{q ;kmntf r'Dg] cj;/ ldNof] eg] cxª\sf/n] el/Fb} ;do / cfˆg} ldlxg]tsf
sf/0f ;kmn ePsf] s'/f xfdL ub{5f}+ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] JolQm s'g} klg sfo{sf kl/0ffdx¿ xf/
of lhtdf klg ;a} sd{ k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t u5{, cfˆgf] ;j{:j k/dfTdfnfO{ g} 7fG5, ;kmntf of
c;kmntf ;a} O{Zj/sf] g} xf] eGg] ;f]R5 Tof] sd{sf] aGwgdf kb}{g . ;dk{0feGbf 7'nf] cGo ;fdYo{
/ ;ª\sNk s]xL x'Fb}g . ha ;a} sd{ cfˆgf] geO{ k/dfTdfsf] g} xf] eGg] wf/0ff x'G5 ToxL If0f pm
sd{aflx/ x'G5 / emGem6af6 d'Qm x'G5 . sd{ g} xF'b}g eg] kfk–k'0o klg x'g ;Sb}g . o:tf] JolQm
sdnsf] k"mn h:t} hLjgaf6 c:klz{t /xG5 . ha s'g} JolQm o;/L g} ;a} sd{ k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t
u5{, ta pm klg c:klz{t hLjgdf ofqf ub{5 . o:tf] JolQmnfO{ kfk–k'0on] 5'“b}g, pm t ;b}j
s'dfl/Tjdf g} /xG5 .

nf]suLtf– 191
cWofo–%
O;fO{x¿ lh;; s'df/L cfdfaf6 hlGdg'eof] eg]/ dfGb5g\ t/ tfls{s 9ª\un] o;nfO{
;Demfpg pgLx¿ c;dy{ 5g\ . sdnsf] kftdf /x]sf] kfgLn] To;nfO{ :kz{ ug{ g;s] h:t} sd{
u/]/ klg sd{eGbf aflx/ /xg ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f O;fO{x¿nfO{ yfxf 5}g . sd{ ubf{ ub}{ klg
o;aflx/ /xg ;lsG5 eg] jf;gf/lxt ;Def]usf] If0fdf klg tŒjj]Qfx¿ ;Def]uaf6 aflx/ /xg
;S5g\ cyf{t\ o:tf] cj:yfdf Tof] JolQmsf] ;Def]u aflx/ 36\g] 36gf x'G5 / leq ;a} k/dfTdfdf
;dlk{t x'G5 . o;/L hlGdPsf 5f]/f5f]/L s'df/L -kljq_ cfdfaf6 g} hlGdPsf x'G5g\ . lh;;, a'4,
dxfjL/, df]xDdb cflb dxfk'?ifx¿ ;a} s'df/L cfdfaf6 g} hlGdg'ePsf] xf] lsgeg] o:tf kljq
;Gtfg hGdfpgsf nflu cfdfdf s'dfl/Tj ePg eg] Tof] ;Dej x'Fb}g . of] s'dfl/Tjsf] uxg cy{
c:klz{t sd{ Pjd\ k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t x'g' xf] . o; Znf]sdfkm{t >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;GGof;
1fgdfu{ jf lgisfd sd{of]u h'g dfu{df sfd u/] klg ;f/f sd{ k/dfTdfdf ;dk{0f ug]{ JolQm
wfld{s x'G5 h;sf nflu k/dfTdf g} ;a} xtf{stf{ x'G5 . ug]{jfnf xtf{stf{ d cfkm“}+ x'F eGg] JolQm
gfl:ts / kfkL xf] .
>Ls[i0fdf jx'cfoflds JolQmTj 5 . >Ls[i0f cjtf/ k'?if x'g' ePsf]n] pxfF cToGt ljlzi6
x'g'x'G5 . pxfFsf] Pp6f dfq ;fwgf k4lt 5}g . To;}n] pxfF ;d:t ;fwgf k4ltsf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 .
pxfFnfO{ h;n] h'g efjn] x]¥of] To:t} b]lvg'x'G5 . efujtsf km/s km/s efiosf/x¿n] km/s km/s
s[i0f b]V5g\ . s]zjbf; c¿ g} s[i0f b]V5g\≤ ;'/bf; / dL/fn] cs}{ s[i0f b]V5g\ . uLtfsf s[i0f c¿
g} nfUg'x'G5 . s[i0faf6 xhf/f}+“ k|sf/sf s'/fx¿ emlNsG5g\ . s[i0fdf s'g} dof{bf 5}g, pxfF ;LdfljxLg
ePsf] x'Fbf xfdL;Fu l;w} ;DalGwt x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] s[i0fl;jfo c¿ sf]xL k"0ff{jtf/ k'?if x'g'ePg .
pxfF k"0f{ k|s6 x'g'ePsf] 5 . /fdsf] JolQmTj :ki6 ePsf]n] pxfFsf af/]df klxn] g} wf/0ff agfpg
;lsG5 t/ s[i0fsf ljifodf s]xL klg to ug{ ;lsFb}g . pxfFn] s] ug'{x'G5 eg]/ s;}n] klg pxfFsf
af/]df eGg ;Sb}gg\ cyf{t\ s'g} eljiojf0fL ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . k"0f{ JolQmnfO{ a'‰g klg sl7g x'G5 .
To;}n] pxfFnfO{ k|]d ug]{ / ;Ddfg ug]{ JolQmx¿ w]/} 5g\ t/ pxfFnfO{ ;du| ¿kdf dfGg klg sl7g
5 . sf]xL afns[i0fnfO{ dfGb5g\ t/ o'jf s[i0fsf] s'/} ub}{gg\ . pgLx¿nfO{ t afns[i0f g} lk|o 5g\ .
;'/bf; h:tf JolQmn] hjfg s[i0f dfGg ;Sb}gg\ . s]zjbf;nfO{ afns[i0fsf] Tolt dxŒj 5}g . pgL
t o'jf s[i0fsf kIfdf 5g\ .
>Ls[i0f olt lj/f6\ x'g'x'G5 ls pxfFnfO{ k"/f krfpg] lxDdt s;};Fu klg 5}g . pgLx¿
cfˆgf] cg's"nsf] s[i0fsf] ¿knfO{ 5gf]6 u5{g\ . s[i0fnfO{ 5gf]6 ug{' eg]sf] pxfFnfO{ cv08af6 v08
ul/lbg' xf] . vl08t s[i0fsf] vf; cy{ x'Fb}g . pxfF t cv08, k"0f{ x'g'x'G5 . h;n] k"0ff{jtf/ s[i0fnfO{
cvl08t ¿kdf hfGg ;S5 To;n] dfq pxfFnfO{ cËLsf/ ug{ ;S5 . pxfFsf] vf; JolQmTj 5}g t/
;a} JolQmTj pxfFdf 5 . To;}n] s[i0fsf ljleGg JolQmTj cg';f/ pxfFsf s}of}+ gfd /x]sf 5g\ .
afF;'/Lsf] Wjlgdfkm{t ;a}nfO{ dGqd'Uw kfg{ ;Sg] s[i0f rqm lnP/ o'4 d}bfgdf b]lvg'x'G5 . h'g
cf}+nfx¿sf] ;xf/f lnP/ afF;'/L ahfpg'eof], ltg} cf“}+nfx¿df lx+;fsf] sf/s rqm x'g' ;fdfGo s'/f
xf]Og . pxfF k"0ff{jtf/ x'g'x'G5 lsgeg] pxfFsf] s'g} wf/0ff 5}g . To;}n] s'i0f¿kL k/dfTdf h'g
¿kdf k|s6 x'g rfxG5g\, k|s6 x'g ;S5g\ . s[i0f;Fu k/dfTdf h] rfxG5 >Ls[i0f ToxL aGg'x'G5 .
sfo]g dg;f a'4Øf s]jn}l/lG›o}/lk .
of]lugM sd{ s'j{lGt ;Ë+ ToSTjfTdz'4o] ..!!..
lgisfd sd{of]uLx¿ cf;lQmnfO{ TofUb} dg, jrg, z/L/, a'l4 tyf OlG›ox¿åf/f cGt:s/0f
z'l4sf nflu sd{ ub{5g\ ..

nf]suLtf– 192
 cWofo–%
lgisfd sd{of]uL cfzlQm cyf{t\ ddTj a'l4nfO{ Tofu]/ dg, z/L/ / OlG›on] cGt:s/0f
z'l4sf nflu sd{ ub{5g\ . dg'ion] cgGt hLjgdf u/]sf sd{sf] hfn 5, To;}n] xfd|f] hLjg
cwf]ultlt/ pGd'v 5 . xfdL lg/Gt/ cf]/fnf] emb}{ 5f}+ . afnaflnsf >4fn] el/Psf x'G5g\ To;}n]
;/n x'G5g\ / pWj{ultsf] ofqf u5{g\ . j[4j[[4f a9L rnfs ePsfn] hl6n x'G5g\ h;n] ubf{
hLjge/sf] cg'ejn] pgLx¿nfO{ cwf]ultsf] ofqf u/fpF5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– lgisfd sd{df afFRg]
dflg;x¿ cfˆgf] cf;lQmnfO{ TofUb} cluNnf] hGdsf] sd{sf] ultnfO{ sf6\gsf lglDt sd{df /t
x'G5g\ cyf{t\ cluNnf] hGddf u/]sf s[Tox¿nfO{ ;dfKt kfg{ sd{ ub{5g\ . cl3Nnf] hGddf qmf]w
u/]sf] eP pgLx¿sf sd{ IfdfzLn x'G5 . s7f]/tfk"0f{ lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg ePsf eP o; hGddf
pgLx¿ s?0ff / k|]dn] el/Psf x'G5g\ . olb sfdgf / jf;gfdf cluNnf] hLjg latfPsf] eP ca
pgLx¿ ;]jfdf tNnLg /xG5g\ . pgLx¿n] hGdhGdfGt/df u/]sf sd{sf] l7s ljk/Lt cf]/fnf] nfUg]
sd{ geP/ psfnf] r9\g] sd{ ub{5g\ . o:tf] sd{ ubf{ ddTj 5f]8]/ dfq psfnf]sf] ofqf ug{
;lsG5 . ddTj cwf]ultsf] ofqfdf ;xof]uL x'G5 . olb sd{ sf6\g' 5 eg] ddTjsf] Tofu ug{'kg]{
x'G5 .
ddTjsf] cy{ d / d]/f] 5fof xf] . …dÚ cxª\sf/ xf] / ddTj cxª\sf/sf] 5fof xf] . …dÚ ;bf
cfˆgf]kgsf] hfn rf/}lt/ km}nfpF5 . p;nfO{ d]/f] ljgf PSn} pleg ufx|f] x'G5, To;}n] d]/f] 5fof
hlt 7'nf] x'G5 …dÚ nfO{ klg 7'nf] ePem}+“ nfUb5 . d]/f wg, kTgL, klt, 5f]/f, 5f]/L, ldq, 3/, kb–
k|lti7f cflbsf] cfwf/df xfdL afFRb5f}+ / cfkm"nfO{ 7'nf] dfGb5f}+ . lhGbuLsf] k|f/Dedf 7'nf] 5fofnfO{
cfkm" dfg]/ x/]s JolQm cfkm"nfO{ lgs} dxŒjk"0f{ 7fGb5 / ha hLjg cGtlt/ cfOk'U5 ta 5fofF
v'lDrP/ ;fgf] x'G5 . To; a]nf d t ca s]xL klg /lxgF eGg] nfU5 . xfdL ;b}j 5fofnfO{ 7'nf] kfg{
vf]H5f“}+ . …dÚ ¿kL cxª\sf/ g} em'6f] 5 / em'6sf] cf8df xfdL 5fofx¿ lgld{t u5f}{+ . of] Pp6f
em'6nfO{ arfpg s}of“}+ em'6 af]Ng'k/]sf] cj:yf h:t} xf] . em'6 slxNo} PSn} pleg ;Sb}g . dflg;sf]
;a}eGbf 7'nf] em'6 cxª\sf/ xf] .
…dÚ eGg] clwsf/ s]jn k/dfTdfdf dfq 5 t/ k/dfTdfn] slxNo} æd 5'Æ eGb}gg\ .
dflg;nfO{ …dÚ eGg] s'g} clwsf/ 5}g, tyflk …dÚ sf] /6 nufpg em'6 dfly em'6sf] v]tL ul//xG5 .
;To PSn} pleg ;S5 p;nfO{ s;}sf] a};fvL rflxFb}g . of] cxª\sf/¿kL em'6nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{
d]/f]sf] hfn v8f ug{'k5{, h;nfO{ >Ls[i0f ddTj eGg'x'G5 . …dÚ PSn} pleg ;Sb}g . xfdL d]/f]nfO{
a9fP/ …dÚ sf] wf]sfdf afFR5f}+ . h;n] d]/f] ddTjnfO{ 5f]8\5 p;n] …dÚ nfO{ klg kfpFb}g . ha;Dd
cxª\sf/ ;dfKt x'Fb}g, ta;Dd sd{sf] wf/f cGt x'Fb}g / pWj{ofqf klg k|f/De x'Fb}g . To;}n] …dÚ sf]
wf]sf tf]8\g'k5{ / ddTjnfO{ 5f8]/ x]g{'k5{ . xfd|f] cxª\sf/n] xfdLnfO{ 8'afP/ tn emfl//x]sf] 5 .
cxª\sf/eGbf 7'nf] c¿ s'g} kfk 5}g . cxª\sf/ d"n xf] clg o;sf ;Gtlt nf]e, qmf]w, jf;gf,
sfdgf cflb x'g\ . xfdL ha labf x'G5f}+“ of ;f+;fl/s hLjgaf6 xfdL d[To'j/0f u5f}{,+ Toltv]/ xfd|f]
xft l/Qf] x'G5 . cfkm";Fu ePsf s'g} klg lrh ;Fu} n}hfg kfpFb}gf}+ eg] Tof] j:t' d]/f] x'g ;Sb}g .
xfdL hldg xfd|f] eG5f“}+ t/ Tof] hldgn] xfd|f] eGg] w]/}nfO{ b]lv;s]sf] 5 . of] ;+;f/df gofF e'n ug]{
JolQm kfpg sl7g 5 lsgeg] ;a} hgf k'/fg} e'n bf]xf]¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ddTj 5'6]/ sd{ hf/L /Xof] eg] pWj{ofqf ;'? x'G5, ctLtsf sd{ s6\5g\
/ JolQmsf] cwf]ultsf] ofqf /f]lsP/ pWj{ofqf ;'? x'G5 . wg, kb, kl/jf/sf] ddTj t 5Fb} 5 1fg /
Tofusf] klg ddTj x'G5 . JolQmn] cfkm" olt hfGb5' eg]/ h'g bfaL ub{5, Tof] c1fg l;lh{t ddTj
xf] cyf{t\ 1fgsf] ddTj xf] . To;}n] pklgifb\ eG5– c1fgL t el6\sG5g\ g}, 1fgL klg slxn]sfxL+

nf]suLtf– 193
cWofo–%
dxfcGwsf/df el6\sG5g\ . JolQm TofunfO{ d]/f] eGb5g\ . s;}n] d]/f] wg eG5 t/ TofuLn] d}n] wg
Tofu]+ eG5 . Tofudf klg p;sf] d]/f]sf] bfaf x'G5, TofuL emg\ ddTjdf g} rN5 . cxª\sf/n] st} g
st} af6f] vf]Hb5 . h;n] cfkm"nfO{ c1fgL x'F eg]/ hfGb5, To;n] 1fgtk{m klxnf] sbd p7fpF5 t/
sltko JolQmx¿ cfkm"nfO{ c1fgL x'F eg]/ dfGg tof/ x'Fb}gg\ . la/fdL ePsf] :jLsf/ u¥of] eg]
To;sf] pkrf/ x'g ;S5 t/ la/fdL ePs} 5}g eGof] eg] To;sf] s'g} pkrf/ g} x'Fb}g . ddTj 5f]8]/
sd{df ;+nUg x'g] JolQm h;n] OlG›o / z/L/sf] st{JonfO{ kfngf ub}{ cfˆgf] ctLtsf] sd{nfO{ s§f
ug]{ u/L sd{ u5{ To:tf] JolQm lgisfdsdL{ x'G5 .
o'QmM sd{kmn+ ToSTjf zflGtdfKgf]lt g}li7sLd\ .
co'QmM sfdsf/]0f kmn] ;Qmf] lgaWot] ..!@..
lgi7fjfg\ lgisfd sd{of]uLn] cfˆgf ;a} sd{kmn k/dfTdfdf ;dk{0f u/]/ jf Tofu]/ k"0f{ zflGt
k|fKt ub{5g\ eg] ;sfd JolQm sd{kmndf cf;Qm /xgfn] sfdgfn] afFlwG5g\ . To;}n] lgisfd sd{of]u
pQd 5 ..
dflg;x¿ ;sfdsdL{ jf lgisfdsdL{ x'G5g\ . eljiosf] cfsfª\Iffn] sd{ ug]{ JolQm kfzdf
afFlwPsf] kz'h:t} x'G5 . o:tf] JolQmn] b'v dfq k|fKt ub{5 . csf{y/L JolQm ctLt / eljiosf]
kmn b'j}nfO{ grfx]/ jt{dfgsf] sd{df afFRb5g\ t/ o:tf] sd{ ta dfq ;Dej x'G5, h;n] cfˆgf]
ctLt / eljio b'j} k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t u/]sf x'G5g\≤ cGoyf ctLtn] wSsf lbO/xG5 / eljion]
klg tflg/xG5 . dg'iosf] zlQm ;Lldt / sdhf]/ x'G5 t/ k/dfTdfdf cfk"mnfO{ ;dk{0f u¥of] eg]
p;sf] ;fdYo{ a9\5 / cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– kmnsf] cfsfª\IffnfO{ TofuL lgisfd
eP/ h;n] ;Dk"0f{ sd{ k|e'nfO{ ;dlk{t u5{ To;sf] ;f/f hLjg cfgGbdo x'G5 . ;sfdLhg slxNo}
cfglGbt x'Fb}gg\ / b'vsf] w'jfF¿kL kmn g} k|fKt ub{5g\ . k/dfTdfn] xfdLnfO{ h] lbPsf] 5 To;sf
nflu k|fy{gf, sLt{g Psk|sf/sf] wGojfb efj xf] . ;sfd eP/ afFRg] JolQmn] kmnsf] ¿kdf b'v
dfq k|fKt u5{ / hf] lgisfd eP/ afFRb5 To;sf] hLjgdf k|ltIf0f kmnsf] jiff{ x'G5 . hf] dfUb5
Tof] levf/L t'No ple/xG5 / hf] dfUb}g p;nfO{ cl:tTjn] ;d|f6\ h:tf] kmn lbG5 . xfdL ;a}
;~ro ul//x]sf 5f}+ / cflv/df xftdf z"Go dfq afFsL /xG5 . hf] ;a} lbG5 jf afF8\5 Tof] JolQmn]
olt kfpF5 ls h;;Fu s]xL vf]:g ;Dej g} x'Fb}g .
sfdgfdf afFRg] ;sfdL JolQm kmnsf] rfxgf ljgf s'g} sd{ ub}{gg\ t/ logLx¿nfO{ kmn
slxNo} klg k|fKt x'Fb}g . logLx¿ b'Zrqmdf bf}l8g} /xG5g\ t/ s]xL kfpFb}gg\ . kmnsf] cfzf ug]{
JolQm oxL ;+;f/¿kL rqmdf rSs/ nufO/xG5 t/ kmn eg] k|fKt x'Fb}g . lgisfdsdL{ sxLF k'Ug
rfxFb}gg\, pgLx¿ hxfF pleG5g\ ToxLF wfd aG5 . kmnsf] sfdgf g/fVgfn] lgisfd sdL{nfO{
k/dfTdfn] rfx]eGbf a9L kmn lbG5 . o:tf] JolQm k"/f sd{ u5{ / afFsL k/dfTdfdf 5f]l8lbG5 .
o:tf] JolQm slxNo} lgikmn x'Fb}g cGoyf o; hut\df wd{sf] s'g} d"No g} x'Fb}gYof] t/ o:tf] slxNo}
x'Fb}g . k/dfTdfsf] lgod zfZjt / lgikIf 5 . h;n] gdfu] klg k|fKt x'G5 / dfu u/]df ;a}
lgikmn x'G5 eGg] /x:o hfGb5 ToxL JolQm wfld{s x'G5 . o; Znf]sdf >Ls[i0fn] wd{sf] uf]Ko
/x:osf af/]df atfpg' ePsf] 5 .

nf]suLtf– 194
 cWofo–%
;j{sdf{l0f dg;f ;GGo:of:t] ;'v+ jzL .
gjåf/] k'/] b]xL g}j s'j{Gg sf/og\ ..!#..
1fgLhg h;sf] cGt:s/0f jzdf 5, dgn] ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿ TofuL cfkm"n] sd{ gu/]/ Pjd\ sd{
gu/fO{ gf} 9f]sf ePsf] ef}lts z/L/¿kL 3/df ;a} sd{nfO{ dgaf6 ;'vk"j{s Tofu]/ cfgGbk"j{s
;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfsf] :j¿kdf l:yt /xG5 ..
h;sf] cGt:s/0f jzdf x'G5 o:tf] k'?if sd{ gu/]/ jf gu/fO{ ;lRrbfgGb k/dfTdfdf
l:yt /xG5 . o:tf] 1fgk|fKt JolQm OlG›oeGbf cfkm"nfO{ leGg 7fGb5 / p;sf] jf;gfn]
cGt:s/0fnfO{ b"lift, s'¿k / b'u{lGwt ub}{g . sd{ ubf{ub}{ æd u5{' jf ulb{gFÆ eGg] stf{efj Tofu]/
;a} k/dfTdfaf6 g} ePsf] xf] eGg] dfGb5 . To; k|sf/sf] JolQm x/If0f ;'Tbf, a:bf, p7\bf
;lRrbfgGb k/dfTdfdf g} l:yt /xG5 . xfdL;Fu hf] ;bf /xG5 To;sf] dxŒj xfdLnfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g .
df5fnfO{ kfgLaf6 lgsfn]kl5 dfq p;nfO{ kfgLsf] dxŒjaf/] hfgsf/L x'G5 . df5fn] kfgLsf] dxŒj
ga'em]h:t} xfdL klg k/dfTdfsf] dxŒj a'‰b}gf} . k/dfTdf x/]s 7fpFdf 5 . xfdL c¿ lrhnfO{
cf}+nf b]vfP/ atfpF5f“}+ t/ k/dfTdfnfO{ cf}+nf b]vfP/ atfpg ;Sb}gf}+ lsgeg] k/dfTdf Ps :yfgdf
dfq xf]Og ;j{q 5 . To;}n] t p;nfO{ b]vfpg jf atfpg cf}+nfn] Oª\lut u/]/ xf]Og, d'ÝL s;]/
atfpg'k5{ lsgeg] cf}+nfn] O;f/f u/]sf] 7fpFafx]s klg k/dfTdf leq–aflx/ ;j{q 5 . k/dfTdfsf]
cy{ cl:tTj xf] . xfdL klg To;}df afFR5f}+ t/ xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g . cGt:s/0f z'4 x'g]nfO{ of] :jtM
ljlbt x'G5 . h;/L P]gfdf /x]sf] w'nf]sf sf/0f cg'xf/ :ki6 b]lvFb}g t/ w'nf] k'5\g]lalQs} cg'xf/
:ki6 b]lvG5 . To;/L g} jf;gf/lxt lrQ ePdf cGt:s/0f w'nf]/lxt P]gfh:t} z'4 x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;sf] cGt:s/0f z'4 5, kmnfsfª\Iff / stf{sf] af]em/lxt 5 Pjd\ h;n]
sd{ k/dfTdfdf 5f]l8lbPsf] 5, pm ;lRrbfgGb k/dfTdfdf l:yt x'G5 . z'4 cGt:s/0fjfnfn] cfk"m
k/dfTdfdf l:yt 5' eGg] hfGb5 / gf} 9f]sf ePsf] ef}lts z/L/¿kL 3/df ;'vk"j{s lgjf; ub{5 .
;lRrbfgGbdf ;Tf\, lrt\ / cfgGb tLg zAb 5g\ . …;t\Ú sf] cy{ cl:tTj, …lrt\Ú sf] cy{ r]tgf /
…cfgGbÚ sf] cy{ hf] ;b}j cfgGb of ;Gt'li6df dUg /xG5 eGg] xf] . oL tLg zAb xfd|f] ;gftg
cWofTd lrGtgsf lgiklQ x'g\ . …;Tf\Ú cyf{t\ cl:tTj hf] ;bf, lgTo, ;To / ckl/jt{gLo 5 . o;
;+;f/df 5 eGg' eGbf klg eO/x]sf] 5 eGg' plrt x'G5 . Pp6f j[If 5 eGg] lalQs} j[If kl/jt{g
eO;S5 . dg'io x/If0f kl/jt{gzLn 5 . ;+;f/ kl/jt{gLo 5, t/ k/dfTdf hf] cl:tTj xf] pm
ckl/jt{gLo 5 . ;Tf\sf] cy{ d ;b}j cyf{t\ lxhf], cfh / ef]ln klg /xg] 5' eGg] xf] . cfTdf
kl/jlt{t x'Fb}g s]jn z/L/ dfq hlGdG5 / ;dfKt x'G5 .
csf]{ zAb …lrt\Ú h;sf] cy{ r}tGo xf] . JolQmn] z'4 eP/ leq x]¥of] eg] r]tgf b]Vb5, ToxfF
d"R5f{ geO{ k"0f{ hfu/0f x'G5 . To:tf] JolQmsf] leq dfq xf]Og aflx/ klg r}tGo g} x'G5 . xfdL
leq h] 5f}+“, aflx/ ToxL b]V5f“}+ . OdfGfbf/n] ;a}nfO{ OdfGfbf/ g} b]Vb5 . leq r]tgfsf] cg'ej ug]{
JolQmsf] cGt:s/0f z'4 x'G5 / aflx/ klg p;nfO{ r]tgfsf] cg'ej x'g yfN5 . o; l:yltdf 9'Ëf,
df6f] cflb ;a} r}tGo x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm ;bf r]tgfdf l:y/ x'G5 . t];|f] zAb cfgGb xf] . h;n]
cl:tTjsf af/]df hfgsf/L kfof] p;sf] b'v ;a} d]l6G5 . hxfF kl/jt{g x'G5 ToxfF b'v x'G5 . hxfF
kl/jt{g x'Fb}g ToxfF cfgGb dfq x'G5 . ha JolQm kl/jt{geGbf aflx/ x'G5, ta p;sf] hLjgaf6
b'v labf x'G5 . d"R5f{df b'v x'G5 / hxfF b'v x'G5 ToxfF a]xf];L x'G5 . hlt JolQm xf];n] el/G5
Tolt g} pm b'vaf6 aflx/ x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 195
cWofo–%
lgTosf] hfgsf/L Pjd\ r}tGosf] cg'ej eof] eg] ToxfF cfgGbsf] 36gf 3l6t x'G5 . of]
cfgGb c¿af6 xf]Og leqaf6 cfpF5 . h;af6 xfdLnfO{ ;'v k|fKt x'G5, p;}af6 b'v klg kfOG5 .
xfd|f ;a} efiffx¿df ljk/Lt efiff jf zAb x'G5g\ t/ cfgGbsf ljk/Lt s'g} zAb g} 5}g . ;'vsf
ljk/Lt b'v, k|]dsf ljk/Lt 3[0ff / ;kmntfsf ljk/Lt c;kmntf 5g\ t/ cfgGb :jlge{/ /
åGåftLt 5 . oL tLg zAb ;gftg lxGb" lrGtgsf lgiklQ x'g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;sf]
cGt:s/0f z'4 x'G5 pm ;lRrbfgGb k/dfTdfdf l:yt x'G5 .
g st{[Tj+ g sdf{l0f nf]s:o ;[hlt k|e'M .
g sd{kmn;+of]u+ :jefj:t' k|jt{t] ..!$..
k/d]Zj/n] dg'iosf] g t sd{sf], g t stf{kgsf], g t sd{kmnsf] ;+of]usf] /rgf g} ub{5 . oL
z/L/sf ;a} sfd t ljlzi6 k|fs[lts u'0fåf/f :jtM ;DkGg x'G5g\ ..
k/dfTdf ;|i6f xf] t/ stf{ xf]Og . k/dfTdfnfO{ …d 5'Ú eGg] :d/0f g} 5}g . …dÚ sf] ljrf/
…ltdLÚ sf] lj/f]wdf k}bf x'G5 . k/dfTdfsf nflu cl:tTjdf ltdL g} 5}g . hxfF ltdL g} sf]xL 5}g
eg] ToxfF …dÚ x'g] ljrf/ klg k/dfTdfdf xF'b}g . k/dfTdfdf cxª\sf/ x'g'kg]{ s'g} sf/0f 5}g . To;}n]
stf{sf] ljrf/ k/dfTdfdf x'g} ;Sb}g . k/dfTdf ;h{s ePsfn] hLjgsf ;a} wf/f pg}af6 au]/
cfpF5 . pg}af6 hlGdG5 / pg}df hLjg nLg x'G5 . Pp6f d"lt{sf/n] d"lt{ lgdf{0f u5{ . ha d"lt{
lgld{t x'G5, ta d"lt{ / d"lt{sf/ cnu cnu x'G5g\ . d"lt{sf/sf] d[To'kl5 klg d"lt{ db}{g . t/
d"lt{sf/n] u/]sf] ;[li6 cfkm"eGbf k[ys\ 5 . Pp6f gt{s jf Pp6L gt{sL ha gfR5g\ ta g[To
l;lh{G5 . g[To gt{seGbf cnu x'Fb}g . gt{s / gt{sL gx'g] lalQs} g[To klg x'Fb}g .
k/dfTdfsf] hut\;Fusf] ;DaGw gt{s h:tf] 5 . To;}n] xfd|f k/:kl/t lxGb" wf/0ffdf
k/dfTdfnfO{ g6/fhsf] ¿kdf lnPsf] 5 hf] lgs} cy{k"0f{ Pjd\ d""Nojfg\ klg 5 . k/dfTdfn]
huTf\nfO{ gt{sn] g[To agfPh:tf] u/]/ agfpF5g\ . k"/f ;do gt{s g[Todf 8'A5 t}klg gt{sn]
g[TonfO{ 5f]8]/ cnu v8f eP pmljgf g[To x'g} ;Sb}g lsgeg] g[To gt{sdf lge{/ x'G5 . k/dfTdf
/ k|s[ltlar oxL gt{s / g[Toh:tf] ;DaGw 5 . k|s[lt k/dfTdfdf lge{/ x'G5 t/ k/dfTdf k|s[ltdf
lge{/ 5}g . k/dfTdfljgf k|s[ltz"Go / cl:tTjljxLg x'G5 t/ k/dfTdf k|s[ltljgf klg x'G5g\ .
lj1fgdf Sof6n]l6s Ph]G6sf] Hofb} 7'nf] dxŒj 5 . Sof6n]l6s Ph]G6 :jod\ s'g} lqmofdf efu
lnFb}g t/ ToxfF pkl:yt /xG5 . o;sf] pkl:yltljgf lqmof x'g klg ;Sb}g . xfO8«f]hg / clS;hg
ldnfPdf kfgL aGb}g t/ ToxfF lah'nL pkl:yt x'g] lalQs} kfgL aG5 . lah'nLn] s]xL ub}{g t/ dfq
ToxfF pkl:yt x'G5 . s[Todf lah'nL k|j]z g} ub}{g . lah'nL kfgL aGg] k|lqmofdf Sof6n]l6s Ph]G6
dfq x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f k/dfTdfnfO{ klg Sof6n]l6s Ph]G6 h:t} eGg'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– k/dfTdf
dg'iosf] g t sd{sf], g t stf{kgsf], g t sd{kmnsf] ;+of]usf] g} /rgf ub{5 of] t k|s[ltsf]
u'0fåf/f g} ;DkGg x'G5 . ;f/f k|s[lt kl/jlt{t x'G5 oBlk k/dfTdfsf] pkl:yltljgf k|s[lt kl/jt{g
x'g ;Sb}g . k/dfTdfsf] pkl:yltdf k|s[lt g} kl/jlt{t x'G5 t/ k/dfTdf kl/jt{g x'Fb}g . h:tf] ls
ef]s nfUbf xfd|f] pkl:yltdf k]6nfO{ ef]ssf] cg'ej x'G5 t/ ef]s xfdLnfO{ nfUb}g . To:t} ;f/f
k|s[lt cfˆgf] u'0f wd{n] k/dfTdfsf] pkl:yltdf kl/jt{g eO/xG5 . k/dfTdf s]jn 5, pm s]xL
ub}{g, kl/jt{g k|s[ltn] u5{ . To;}n] k|s[ltsf] kl/jt{gsf] s'g} klg s[Ton] k/dfTdfnfO{ stf{
agfpFb}g . t/ k/dfTdfljgf ;[li6 rNb}g . k|s[ltn] cfˆgf] u'0f wd{ adf]lhd sfd u5{ . ;f/f
;+;f/df cf–cfˆgf] s[To rln/xG5 . ;f/f s[Tox¿ k|s[ltsf] u'0f wd{adf]lhd x'G5, k/dfTdfn] s]xL

nf]suLtf– 196
 cWofo–%
ug{' g}F kb}{g . t/ k/dfTdf pkl:yt geO{sg s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . k/dfTdf k/dzlQm xf], To;}n] pm
pkl:yt dfq x'G5 .
h;n] of] df}lns ;"qnfO{ hfGb5 pm æd stf{ x'FÆ eGg] efjaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . p;nfO{ nfU5
oqf] lj/f6\ cl:tTj stf{ljgf g} rln/x]sf] 5 eg] d]/f] ;fgf] u[x:yL klg To;/L g} rNg] 5 . ;"o{,
rG› / tf/fx¿ cflb stf{ljgfsf] ofqf ul//x]sf 5g\ . x/]s laxfg ;"o{ pbfpF5 . x/]s jif{ j;Gt
cfkm}“ cfpF5 / hfG5 . cgGt ;dob]lv k[YjL lgld{t / gi6 x'G5 . ljgf s'g} stf{ cgGt hfn
rln/x]sf] 5 . oqf] lj/f6\ cl:tTj ljgf stf{ rln/x]sf] 5 eGg] d"n cfwf/nfO{ hfGg] JolQmnfO{
cfˆgf] 5'› sfddf cgfxs stf{nfO{ ;dft]/ a:g] cfjZostf x'Fb}g . o; k|sf/sf] :d/0f x'g]lalQs}
pm ;GGof;L x'G5 . o:tf] k'?ifn] sd{df afwf ug{' klg stf{kg x'g] x'Fbf s]jn b|i6f eO{ k|s[ltsf]
s[Todf x:tIf]k ub}{g . >Ls[i0f o:t} lgisfd sd{of]uLsf af/]df ch{'gnfO{ atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . hut\df
;f/f s[To k|s[ltsf] xf] / o;}df sf]xL /f]lsof] eg] k/dfTdfsf af/]df slxNo} klg hfGg ;Sb}g . olb
k/dfTdfsf] emns x]g{ rfxG5f}F eg] k|s[ltsf] sfd k|s[ltnfO{ g} ug{ lbg'k5{ . xfdL lardf gk/L,
stf{ gagL s]jn ;fIfL ag]/ bz{ssf] efFtL x]g]{ sfd dfq ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 .
gfbQ] s:olrTkfk+ g r}j ;'s[t+ lje'M .
c1fg]gfj[t+ 1fg+ t]g d'XolGt hGtjM ..!%..
;j{JofkL k/dfTdf g s;}sf] kfk g t k'0o g} :jLsf/ ug{'x'G5 t/ dg'io 1fg–c1fg -dfof_ n]
9flsPsf x'G5g\≤ To;}n] tL ;a} c1fgL dg'io df]lxt x'G5g\ ..
k/d zlQmnfO{ z'e–cz'esf] s'g} k|efj g} gx'g] x'Fbf Tof] k/d zlQm s;}sf] kfk–k'0o / z'e–
cz'e sd{ u|x0f ub}{g . ;j{JofkL k/dfTdf g s;}sf] kfk g t k'0o :jLsf/ ug'{x'G5 t/ xfdL
;kgfdf x/fPsf 5f}+,“ c1fgdf ba]sf 5f}+ . xfdL ;kgf, dfof / c1fgdf 8'a]/ kfk / k'0osf] hfndf
3'ld/xG5f}+ . kfk–k'0o s]jn p;}sf] hLjgsf] wf/0ff xf] h;n] æd stf{ x'FÆ egL ;f]Rb5 . h;n]
cfkm"nfO{ stf{ dfGb5 p;n] /fd|f] of g/fd|f] sd{sf] g}ltstfaf6 aRg ldNb}g / z'e–cz'e ;a}
sd{sf] lhDd]jf/L p;sf] cfˆgf] x'G5 . k/dfTdfdf stf{sf] wf/0ff gePsfn] ToxfF /fd|f] / g/fd|f]sf]
k|efj xF'b}g . leq stf{sf] vfN8f] ePdf dfq ToxfF stf{sf] kfgL el/G5, gq el/Fb}g . k/dfTdfdf s'g}
sd{ el/g] vfN8f] leq 5}g, To;}n] ToxfF stf{ klg x'Fb}g . k/dfTdfsf] t s'/} 5f]8f“}+≤ olb xfdL klg
stf{efjaf6 d'Qm ePdf xfdLnfO{ klg g/fd|f] of v/fasf] s]xL k|efj x'Fb}g . hxfF stf{ x'G5, ToxfF
z'e–cz'e k}bf x'G5 . hxfF stf{ x'Fb}g ToxfF z'e–cz'e s]xL x'Fb}g . k/dfTdfsxfF xfd|f] z'e–cz'e
s]xL klg k'Ub}g, xfdL g} cfˆgf] dfofsf sf/0f lrlGtt / b'vL x'G5f}+“ .
;+:s[t zAb dfofsf] cy{ ;Ddf]xg xf] . ;Ddf]lxt x'Fbf JolQm a]xf]; x'G5 / cr]tg dg dfq
afFsL /xG5 . r]tg / cr]tg u/L dgsf b'O{ lx:;f x'G5g\ . r]tg dg ;fgf] x'G5 cyf{t\ bz efusf]
Ps efu / cr]tg dg 7'nf] cyf{t\ bz efusf] gf} efu x'G5 . gf} lx:;f cr]tg dg cFWof/f] / Ps
lx:;f r]tg dg dfq Hof]ltd{o x'G5 . ;Ddf]xgsf] If0fdf Tof] Ps lx:;f r]tg klg a]xf]; x'G5 .
cr]tg dgn] ts{ ub}{g . cr]tg dg xfdL h] x'g rfxG5f“}+ ToxL x'g ;S5 .
xfdL t cgGt hGdsf] dfofnfO{ ;fydf lnP/ cfPsf 5f}+“ . To;sf] ulx/f] ;Ddf]xg xfd|f ]
cr]tgdf blaP/ /x]sf] x'G5 . cgGt hGddf h'g ;+:sf/ xfdL hDdf ub}{ hfG5f}+, Tof] xfd|f] cr]tg
dgdf hDdf x'G5 / Tof] cr]tg dgdf hDdf ePsf] ;+:sf/ g} leqaf6 xfdLnfO{ ljljw sfd ug{
bafa lbO/xG5 . xfdL qmf]w gug]{ k|lt1f u/] klg qmf]w ul//xG5f}{+ . xfd|f] k|lt1f lg/Gt/ eË x'G5 .
o;sf] cy{ xfd|f] qmf]w cr]tgaf6 cfpF5 / lg0f{o xfd|f] r]tgdf x'G5 . r]tgsf] k|lt1fn] sfd ug}{

nf]suLtf– 197
cWofo–%
kfpFb}g lsgeg] leq qmf]w el/Psf] x'G5 . ha qmf]w leqaf6 km'6\5 ta r]tg dgsf] lg0f{o nfrf/ /
sdhf]/ eP/ s]xL ug}{ ;Sb}g . of] ;Ddf]lxt qmf]w g} dfof xf] . o:t} s}of}+ k6s dflg; a|Xdro{sf]
k|lt1f u5{ t/ cr]tg dgn] x'g lbFb}g lsgeg] ToxfF t hGd hGdfGt/sf] ofqfsf qmddf ;Ddf]xs
¿kdf sfdjf;gf a;]sf] x'G5 . xfdL cgGt hGdsf] OR5f, sfdgf / jf;gfaf6 ;Ddf]lxt 5f}+ / of]
;a} k|s[ltsf] g} ;Ddf]xg xf] . o;nfO{ k/Dkl/t efiffdf dfof elgG5 . xfdLx¿ ;a} cf–cfˆgf]
dfofdf x/fPsf 5f“}+ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fg dfof cyf{t\ c1fgn] 9flsPsf] x'G5≤ To;}n] c1fgL
df]lxt x'G5g\ .
sltko TofuL klg wgsf ;fd'Gg] ;Ddf]lxt x'G5g\ . wgsf lkkf;' / z/L/;Fu /dfpg] Pjd\
z/L/nfO{ pk]Iff ug]{ JolQm klg ;Ddf]xgsf] k|efjdf x'G5g\ . of] ;a} dfof k|s[ltsf sf/0fn] ePsf]
xf] eg]/ hfGg] JolQmx¿ o;df nLg x'g' eg]sf] d"v{tf xf] eGg] a'‰5g\ . pgLx¿ x/]s s'/fnfO{ ;fIfL
efjn] dfq x]5{g\ . o;f] ugf{n] pgLx¿sf] ;Ddf]xg klg 6'6\5 / k|s[ltsf] sfo{df df]lxt geO{ cnu
x'G5g\ . k|s[ltsf] dfofdf 8'a]sf] JolQm cfˆgf] /fd|f]–g/fd|f] ;f]r ljrf/df el6\s/xG5 . /fd|f]–g/fd|f]
;kgfeGbf aflx/ x'g] JolQm ;Gt x'G5 . ha JolQm dfof¿kL ;Ddf]xgaf6 hfUb5, ta dfq hLjgdf
Tof] k/d 36gf 36\5 h;sf] O;f/f >Ls[i0f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .
1fg]g t' tb1fg+ o]iff+ gflztdfTdgM .
t]iffdflbTojH1fg+ k|sfzolt tTk/d\ ..!^..
ha s'g} JolQmsf] cGt:s/0fsf] c1fg k/dfTdfsf] tŒjåf/f gfz x'G5, ta Tof] 1fgn] ;"o{;b[Zf
To; ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfnfO{ t'?Gt k|sflzt ub{5 ..
hut\ Ps /x:o xf] . oxfF hLjg 5, d[To' 5}g, k|sfz 5, cGwsf/ 5}g tyflk cGwsf/n]
k|sfznfO{ 9fs]sf] h:tf] k|tLt x'G5 . k|sfznfO{ xfdL afNg / lgefpg ;S5f}+ t/ cFWof/f]nfO{
lgefpg ;Sb}gf}+ . /ftL sf]7fdf cFWof/f] xf];\ eg]/ rfxFbf klg cFWof/f]nfO{ af]nfpg] xf]Og ls xfdL
k|sfznfO{ lgefpF5f}+ . cFWof/f] s]jn k|sfzsf] cg'kl:ylt xf] . cFWof/f]sf] cfˆgf] 5'§} cl:tTj 5}g .
cFWof/f] k|sfzsf] cefj xf] . l7s o:t} cfTd–c1fgsf] klg s'g} cl:tTj 5}g t/ xfdL cfTd–
c1fgn] el/Psf 5f}+ . To;}n] kLl8t Pjd\ b'vL 5f}+ / gs{t'No si6sf] hLjg ef]lu/x]sf 5f}+ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;+;f/ dfofn], cfTdf cfTd–c1fgn] / 1fg cljBfn] 9flsPsf] 5 . r]tgf
-cfTdf_ 1fg t xf] t/ 1fgn] rfx]df ;'Tg jf hfUg klg ;S5 . ;'t]sf] jf lgbfPsf] 1fg klg 1fg
xf] / hfu[t 1fg klg 1fg xf] t/ lgbfPsf] 1fgsf] rf/}lt/ c1fg hDdf x'G5 . lgbfPsf] cy{
k|Hjlnt x'g tof/ t/ k|Hjlnt gePsf], h:tf] ls gsf]l/Psf] ;nfO{sf] a§fsf] h:tf] cj:yf xf] .
;nfO{ t ;fydf g} 5 t/ sf]l/Psf] 5}g, To;}n] rf/}lt/ cFWof/f] 5 . ;nfO{af6 aQL afNg ;lsG5
t/ aflnPsf] 5}g≤ ha aflnG5 ta cFWof/f] /xFb}g . cfTd–c1fg lgbfPsf] cj:yf / cfTd1fg
hfu]sf] cj:yf xf] . hfu]sf] cj:yfsf] JolQm ePsfn] xfdL l;4fy{ uf}tdnfO{ a'4 eG5f}+ . hfUg' Pjd\
hfGg' lhTg' xf] / lgbfpg' xfg{' xf] . 7'nf] eGbf 7'nf] zlQm klg lgbfPsf] 5 eg] Tof] ;fwf/0f zlQm
gePsf] JolQm;Fu klg k/flht x'g ;S5 .
cfTdf Hofb} 7'nf] k|Hjlnt clUg¿kL zlQm xf] t/ lgbfPsf] cj:yfdf qmf]w, sfdjf;gf h:tf]
;fdfGo j:t';Fu klg k/flht x'g ;S5 . cFWof/f] h:t} qmf]w / sfdsf] zlQmn] cfTdfsf]
1fgzlQmnfO{ rf/}lt/af6 3]b{5 . lg›f xfd|f] xf/ / a]xf];L xf] / tG›f cfTd–c1fg xf] . xfdL lg›fdf
lxF8\g] JolQmh:tf 5f}+“ . o;}sf/0f cfTdf klg c1fgn] 9flsPsf] 5 . bLk lge]sf] 5≤ t]n, aQL, ;nfO{
;a} 5 t/ gafn]sf sf/0f cGwsf/do 5 . k/dfTdf ;a} JolQmx¿nfO{ k"0f{ g} k7fpF5g\ t/ klg

nf]suLtf– 198
 cWofo–%
xfdL ;a} ck"0f{ afFR5f“}+ / ck"0f{ g} d5f}{+ . afns h'g ;Dkbf lnP/ hlGdG5, a'9f] ePkl5 ToxL ;Dkbf
u'dfP/ labf x'G5 lsgeg] xfd|f] lg›f cem k|uf9 x'G5 . afNofj:yfdf xfdL hlt xf];df x'G5f}+
hjfgLdf Tolt xf];df x'Fb}gf}+ . sfdjf;gfsf] tG›fn] xfd|f] hjfgLnfO{ emg\ a]xf]; agfpF5 .
a'9];sfndf sfdjf;gf t labf x'G5 t/ lhhLljiffsf sf/0f emg\ tG›f k}bf u5{ . hjfg JolQm
sfdjf;gfsf nflu nfnflot x'G5 eg] a'9f] JolQm cfkm" afFRg nfnflot x'G5 . hjfgLsf] la/fdL
sfd x'G5 eg] a'9];sfnsf] la/fdL nf]e x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hfu]sf JolQmdf cfTdfsf] 1fg cleJoQm x'G5 / cfTd–c1fg x6\5 .
p;n] k/dfTdfnfO{ cl:tTjdf b]Vb5, o:tf] JolQmnfO{ dfq k/dfTdfsf] cg'ej x'G5 . lgbfPsf]
JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] t cg'ej x'Fb}g eg] k/dfTdfsf] cg'ej emg} x'Fb}g . cfTd1fg k/dfTdfsf] 1fgsf]
åf/ xf] . cfTdaf]w x'g] JolQm k/dfTdfsf] glhs x'G5 . k/dfTdf t ;j{q df}h'b 5 t/ p;nfO{ b]Vg
Åbosf] bk{0f ;kmf x'g'k5{ . cGt:s/0f ;kmf / z'4 x'g] JolQmn] k/dfTdfsf] emns b]Vg yfN5 clg
k/dfTdfnfO{ vf]Hg s'g} tLy{ hfg'kb}{g, cfkm" hxfF x'G5 ToxLF k/dfTdf b]lvG5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ cfFvf
aGb u/] leq / vf]n] aflx/ b]lvG5, xfdL t hfu[t cj:yfdf klg lgbfPsf] h:tf] 5f}+ t/ cfTd1fgL
lg›fdf klg hfu[t x'G5 . cfTd–c1fgsf] tG›f x6\g] lalQs} k/dfTdf ToxLF pknAw x'G5 . cfTd–
c1fg k|sfz afNg] lalQs} tTIf0f x6\5 . cfTd–c1fg x6fpg cFWof/f]sf] lrGtf gu/L cfTd1fgnfO{
hufOof] eg] c1fg /xFb}g . cfTd1fg hufpg ;ª\sNk / ;fx; rflxG5 . ;fx;sf] cy{ c1ftdf
km8\sf] dfg{' xf] . To;df PSnf]kg / ;+odsf] klg cfjZostf x'G5 . cfTd1fgsf nflu ;ª\sNk,
;fx; / ;+od rflxG5 . xfd|f] zlQm hf] Joy{df u'dfO/x]sf 5f“}+ ToxL zlQm xfdLn] leq nufof}+ eg]
xfdL ;xL dfu{df lxF8\g] 5f}+“ / k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;Sg]5f}“ .
tb\a'4o:tbfTdfg:tlGgi7f:tTk/fo0ffM .
uR5GTok'g/fj[lQ+ 1fglgw{"tsNdiffM ..!&..
h;sf] a'l4, dg Pjd\ lgi7f ;a} s'/f k/dfTdfdf l:y/ x'G5, ta k"0f{ 1fgsf sf/0f pm ;d:t
kfkaf6 z'4 x'G5 / To;k|sf/sf dflg;x¿ hGdd/0fsf] rqmaf6 d'Qm eO{ k/dultnfO{ k|fKt x'G5g\ ..
r]tgf / j[lQ k/dfTdf;Fu Psfsf/ ePsf] k'?ifsf] k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g jf p;sf] k'g/fudg x'Fb}g .
pgLx¿ o:tf] ;jf]{Rr :yfgdf k'U5g\ hxfFaf6 tn emg{'kb}{g . pgLx¿ k/dult k|fKt u5{g\ h;n]
ubf{ c1fg / cGwsf/df k'gM 8'Ag'kb}{g . xfdL h:tf] JolQmnfO{ k/dfTdfsf] emns t af/Daf/ k|fKt
x'G5 t/ k/dfTdf;Fusf] PsfTdstf k|fKt x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] k/dfTdf;Fu Psfsf/ x'G5,
p;n] k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg] xf]Og k/dfTdf g} x'G5 . o; l:yltdf k'g/fudg x'Fb}g . emnsdf
JolQmnfO{ k/dfTdfsf] bz{g x'G5 t/ tb\¿ktfdf JolQm k"/f ld6\b5 / p;nfO{ k/dfTdfsf] dfq
cg'ej x'G5 . tb\¿ktfdf JolQm /xFb}g k/dfTdf dfq /xG5 . emns slxn]sfxLF crfgs klg x'g
;S5 . kl5Nnf] hGdsf] sd{sf cfwf/df g} o:tf] Hof]ltsf] bz{g x'g ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] k/dfTdf;Fu tb\¿k x'G5 Tof] JolQm lkmtf{ x'Fb}g jf p;sf] k'gh{Gd
x'Fb}g . ha;Dd …dÚ x'G5 k/dfTdf;Fu tb\¿k x'g c;Dej 5 . sla/n] eGg'ePsf] 5– ha;Dd …dÚ
lyPF, ta;Dd vf]Hbf vf]Hb} klg p;nfO{ kfpg ;lsPg / ha …dÚ z]if /lxgF, ta k/dfTdf g} vf]Hb}
cfPsf] kQ} ePg . of] k/dfTdf;Fusf] tb\¿ktfnfO{ >Ls[i0f k/dd'lQm eGg'x'G5 . k/dd'lQmdf …dÚ
x'Fb}g, k/dfTdf dfq x'G5 . h;/L ;'s]sf] sf7 cfuf]df hn]/ clUg;Fu tb\¿k jf Psfsf/ x'G5 To:t}
s'g} JolQm cfˆgf] qmf]w, cxª\sf/nfO{ clUgdf hnfP/ k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf ;dlk{t ePdf ToxL
cfgGbdUgtf¿kL tb\¿ktf x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– h;sf] cGt:s/0f z'4 5, cfTdfn]

nf]suLtf– 199
cWofo–%
hfu[t eP/ 1fg kfPsf] 5 / k/dfTdf;Fu tb\¿k eP/ k/dk|sfzdf ;dlk{t ePsf] 5 eg] To:tf]
k'?if k'g/fudgaf6 d'Qm x'G5 jf p;sf] k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g .
ljBfljgo;DkGg] a|fXd0f] ulj xl:tlg .
z'lg r}j Zjkfs] r kl08tfM ;dblz{gM ..!*..
ljBf / ljgozLntfn] ;DkGg 1fgL k'?if cfkm"df ljsl;t 1fgsf k|efjn] ljåfg\ a|fXd0f, ufO{,
xfQL, s's'/ tyf rf08fnx¿nfO{ klg ;dfg b[li6n] x]5{g\ / ;dfg g} b]V5g\ ..
Ox}j t}lh{tM ;uf]{ o]iff+ ;fDo] l:yt+ dgM .
lgbf]{if+ lx ;d+ a|Xd t:dfb\a|Xdl0f t] l:ytfM ..!(..
cfˆgf] dgnfO{ h;n] ;dtfefj / PsTjdf :yflkt u/]sf 5g\, ltgLx¿n] hGd / d[To'sf]
rqmnfO{ lht]sf 5g\ . h;/L a|Xd lgbf]{if / ;d 5g\ To:t} tL 1fgLhg klg a|Xddf l:yt 5g\ ..
k|e'nfO{ kfpg nfnflot x'g]n] k|e' h:t} x'g'k5{ . of] lgod zfZjt 5 / hLjgsf ;a} txdf
nfu" x'G5 . olb s'g} JolQm wgsf nflu nfnflot 5 eg] Tof] JolQm klg s]xL lbgdf wft'sf] l;Ssf
h:t} aG5 . olb s'g} JolQmdf kbdf]x 5 eg] pm / p;sf] s';L{sf] h8tfdf s]xL km/s x'Fb}g . hfg]/
jf cghfgdf xfdLnfO{ h] kfpg' 5, ToxL aGg'k5{ . k/dfTdfnfO{ h;n] kfpg rfxG5 p;n]
k/dfTdf h:t} aGg}k5{ . k/dfTdfsf] nIf0f ;d xf] ljifd xf]Og . lans'n t/fh'sf b'j} efu Ps}
:yfgdf ePh:t}, Psbd ;d, sDkgljxLg o:tf] ;dtf k/dfTdfsf] :j¿k xf] . h;n] k/dfTdf
k|fKt ug]{ cfsfª\Iff /fv]sf] 5 To;n] ;dtftkm{ cl3 a9\g'k5{ . sfd, qmf]w, nf]e / 3[0ffn] dgnfO{
ljifdtftkm{ ws]Ng], pQ]lht agfpFg], cfGbf]lnt ug{] t/ ;dtfefjdf gn}hfg] x''Fbf pm k/dfTdflt/
a9\g ;Sb}g . k|]d, s?0ff, Ifdf, bfg, bof ljsl;t x'g yfn]kl5 dg'io la:tf/} k/dfTdflt/ a9\b5
lsgeg] bfg, bof, Ifdf, s?0ff, k|]d cflbn] leq ;dtfefj hGdfpF5 . h'g lrhn] leq ljifdtf k}bf
u5{ Tof] cwd{ xf] .
hLjgsf] d"n :jefj ;dtf xf], hxfF ;a} s'/f ;dfg x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] ;dTjdf
k|fKt x'G5 Tof] k/dfTdf;Fu Psfsf/ eP/ tb\¿k x'G5 . ha sf]xL k/dfTdf;Fu tb\¿k x'G5, ta
xfQL, 3f]8f, ufO{ cflb ;a}df k/dfTdf g} b]lvG5 . ;fwf/0ftM ;fdflhs b[li6n] a|fXd0f tyf rf08fn
leGg hftsf / s's'/, ufO{ / xfQL klg of]lgcg';f/ leGg x'g ;S5g\ t/ 1fgLsf nflu z/L/ut e]b
cy{xLg x'G5 . xfdL aflx/ ToxL b]V5f}+ hf] xfdL leq ulx/fOdf x'G5f}F . hf] k/dfTdf;Fu tb\¿k x'G5
pm cfˆgf rf/}lt/ k/dfTdfnfO{ dfq b]Vb5 .
g k|Åio]lTk|o+ k|fKo gf]låh]Tk|fKo rflk|od\ .
l:y/a'l4/;Dd"9f] a|Xdljb\ a|Xdl0f l:ytM ..@)..
hf] lk|o j:t' k|fKt u/]/ klg xlif{t x'bF }g / clk|o j:t' jf s'/f cfOnfUbf ljrlnt x'bF }g, To:tf]
l:y/ a'l4 ePsf], df]x/lxt, k/dfTdf ;DaGwL 1fg k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm a|Xddf l:yt x'G5 ..
lk|o j:t'k|lt cfslif{t / clk|o j:t'k|lt cgfslif{t gx'g], j:t'k|lt df]lxt gx'g] / lj/fu
gePsf] l:yt a'l4nfO{ ;lRrbfgGb k/dfTdfsf] wfd ;b}j k|fKt x'G5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . To:tf]
JolQm k/dfTdfdf g} l:yt x'G5 . h'g s'/fn] OlG›onfO{ t[lKt lbG5, To;k|lt k|Llt hfU5 / h;n]
OlG›onfO{ t[lKt lbFb}g To; j:t'k|lt lgif]wsf] efj hfU5 . k|Llts/ j:t'k|lt cfsif{0f / ck|Llts/
j:t'k|lt cgfsif{0f ;''? x'G5 . ha;Dd rfx]sf] s'/f ldNb}g To;n] cfslif{t ul//xG5 / kfpg] lalQs}
ljslif{t ug{ ;'? x'G5 . ;kgf b]v'Gh]n k|Llts/ x'G5, k"/f x'g] lalQs} ck|Llts/ x'G5 / cfFvfn] gofF
s'/f vf]Hg yfN5 / el8\sG5 .

nf]suLtf– 200
 cWofo–%
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] leq cfGbf]lnt x'G5 To;n] k|e'sf] ;tt cfgGb kfpg ;Sb}g .
r]tgfnfO{ aflx/L s''/fn] c;/ kfb}{g . 3fF6Ldf dfnf jf sfF9f h] nufP klg r]tgfnfO{ km/s kb}{g .
ha;Dd aflx/L tŒjn] k|efljt kfl//xG5 ta;Dd leqsf] r]tgf cGt/Ë dgdf pknAw x'g ;Sb}g .
aflx/ ;Ddfg of ckdfg h] k|fKt eP klg r]tgfnfO{ ;fIfL /fv]/ h;n] x]g{ ;S5 o:tf] JolQm leqL
;dtfdf k|fKt x'g yfN5 . d"ntM aflx/ 3l6t 36gfn] leqsf] r]tgfnfO{ rnfodfg ul//x]sf] 5 ls
5}g Tof] x]g{ h?/L 5 . o:tf] k|To]s cj;/nfO{ ;fIfLsf] If0f agfpg] JolQm cGt/;dtfdf k|fKt x'g
yfN5 . s;}n] ufnL u¥of] eg] ufnL ug]{nfO{ xf]Og, h;nfO{ ufnL ul/Psf] 5 To;df Wofg nufof}F
eg] ufnL ug]{ JolQm aflx/ /xG5 / leqsf] r]tgf cnu x'G5 . of] cj:yf leqsf] crn cj:yf xf],
aflx/af6 s;}n] p;nfO{ ca larlnt u/fpg ;Sb}g . >Ls[i0f h;sf af/]df eGb} x'g'x'G5 p;sf]
r]tgfsf] Hof]lt yfldPsf] x'G5 / pm b'O{sf lardf t6:y aGb5 . h'g lbg r]tgfnfO{ g t ?lrn]
cfkm"tkm{ tfGb5 g t c?lrn] 7]Nb5 / aflx/sf] s'g} klg cfGbf]ngn] k|efljt ub}{g ToxL ;dtfdf
pknAw r]tgfdf g} JolQm ;lRrbfgGb k/a|Xddf l:y/ x'G5 .
k/dfTdf t ;bf l:y/ 5≤ To;}n] JolQmsf] r]tgf l:y/ eof] eg] k/dfTdf;Fu tTsfn d]n
x'G5 . xfdL l:y/ eof“}+ eg] Tof] ldngdf g} ;lRrbfgGbsf] cg'ej k|fKt x'G5 / of] ldngkl5 s'g}
lj/x jf ljof]u x'Fb}g . ;'v ldN5 / 5'6\5 t/ cfgGb k|fKt ePkl5 Tof] slxNo} 5'6\b}g . dg'iosf]
;f/f hLjg cfgGbs} vf]h xf] . ?lrs/ / c?lrs/ larsf] e8\sfpn] ubf{ xfdL Tof] cfgGb k|fKt
ug{ c;kmn ePsf 5f}+ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hfu / k|Llt Pjd\ ck|Llts/sf lardf l:yt
xf]pm . a'4 / dxfjL/sf] d"lt{df hf] l:y/ r]tgf b]vfOPsf] 5 Tof] l:y/ JolQmsf] k|ltljDa xf] .
pxfFx¿sf] r]tgf l:y/ ePh:t} To;sf] k|ltljDasf ¿kdf 9'Ëfsf] d"lt{ agfOPsf] xf] lsgeg] 9'Ëf
cfkm“}+ ;bf l:y/ x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fn] ;+zo/lxt eGg'ePsf] 5 lsgeg] ;+zon] klg r]tgfnfO{ sDkg u/fpF5 . r]tgf
ljrf/ / efjn] k|efljt x'G5 . s[i0fn] k|Llts/ / ck|Llts/ larsf] l:y/tfsf] rrf{ ub}{ efjsf]
cyf{t\ efjgfaf6 sf]xL gsfFk"g\ eGg'ePsf] 5, ;fy} pxfFn] ;+zo/lxt a'l4sf] s'/f klg eGg' ePsf]
5 . ;+zoaf6 slDkt x''g] JolQm l7s of unt eGg] ljrf/af6 klg slDkt x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm
a'l4sf] åf/df klg slDkt x'G5 . wfld{s JolQmn] k/dfTdf 5 eGb}g lsgeg] of] 5}gsf] ljk/Lt eGg'
xf] . lg:sDk JolQm wfld{s x'G5 hf] cfl:ts / gfl:tseGbf kf/ x'G5 . ljZjf; / cljZjf;df klg
hf] lg:sDk /xg ;S5 To;nfO{ >Ls[i0f ;+zo/lxt eGg'x'G5 .
afXo:kz]{ij;QmfTdf ljGbTofTdlg oT;'vd\ .
; a|Xdof]uo'QmfTdf ;'vdIfodZg't] ..@!..
afXo OlG›o;'vaf6 lj/Qm ePsf] k'?if hf] cfkm}+leq cGt:s/0fdf cfgGbsf] cg'ej ub{5 Tof]
a|Xddf l:y/ x'g] ePsf sf/0f p;n] slxNo} gfz gx'g] cfgGbsf] ef]u ub{5 ..
afXo ljifodf cgf;Qm ePsf] k'?if klg ;lRrbfgGb a|Xddf k'U5 . >Ls[i0f w]/} dfu{sf
dfWodaf6 ;DemfpFb} x'g'x'G5 lsgeg] s'g} g s'g} dfu{ ch{'gnfO{ k|Llts/ of 3t nfUg ;S5 .
Åbosf] åf/af6 v'Ng g;s]sf s'/f a'l4sf] åf/af6 / a'l4sf] åf/af6 klg a'‰g g;s] j:t'x¿sf]
dfu{sf] s'/faf6 ;Demg ;s"g\ eGg] rfxgf s[i0fdf 5 . b'O{ j:t'x¿lar hf] cgf;Qm eP/ afFRb5
Tof] klg ;lRrbfgGb a|Xddf g} k'U5 . ha dg cf;Qm x'G5 / j:t' ;'Gb/ 5 eGg] efj p7\5 ta
;"Id ¿kdf 36gf 36\5 / cf;lQmsf] ofqf ;'? x'G5 . ha dgn] ;'Gb/ 7fGb5 ToxL a]nf To;nfO{
kfpg] clenfiff jf w'jfF p7\g yfN5 . klxn] dgn] / To;kl5 a'l4n] ;'Gb/ eG5 . dg lardf

nf]suLtf– 201
cWofo–%
plePsf] 5, aflx/ z/L/ / leq cfTdf 5, z/L/n] j:t' jf ljifosf af/]df va/ lbG5 .
cfTdfleqaf6 jf;gf jf rfxgfsf] va/ cfpF5 . oL b'j}sf] ldng dgdf x'G5 / cf;lQm lgld{t
x'G5 . aflx/af6 cfFvf, sfg, gfs cflbn] b]Vbf, ;'Gbf, ;'F£bf klg leqaf6 dgdf s'g} jf;gf p7\b}g
eg] Tof] cgf;lQm xf] . cgf;lQmdf aflx/af6 va/ cfpFbf leq ;'lgG5, a'lemG5 t/ To;df leq
s'g} k|ltlqmof cfpFb}g . To;}n] aflx/sf] va/ a]sf/ x'G5 . aflx/af6 va/ cfpFbf leqsf] tŒj
hfu]/ cf;lQm knfpFb}g / jf;gf hfUb}g eg] Tof] OlG›ox¿sf] va/ Psl5gdf ;dfKt x'G5 . leqsf]
jf;gf cFWof/f]df jf a]xf];Ldf p7\5 To; If0fdf xf]; /fVg;fy jf;gf p7\g} kfpFb}g . a'4n]
eGg'ePsf] 5– h'g 3/sf] åf/df åf/kfn x'Fb}g ToxfF rf]/ k:5, hxfF Wofg x'Fb}g ToxfF jf;gf, j[lQx¿
:jtM lgld{t x'G5g\≤ t;y{ Wofg åf/kfn xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– jf;gf / j[lQk|lt hfu?s x'g] JolQm cgf;Qm x'G5 . j[lQ / OlG›osf]
ldngaf6 cf;lQm lgdf{0f x'G5, o;sf] ldng ePg jf ;]t' aGg kfPg eg] cgf;lQm lgdf{0f x'G5 .
xhf/f“}+ j:t'x¿lar hf] xf];k"0f{ 5, Tof] cgf;Qm x'G5 . cf;lQmnfO{ hlt k"/f u/] klg gofF cf;lQm
lgld{t x'G5 / xhf/f“}+lt/af6 jf;gf hufpg] k|oTg x/If0f x'G5 . ;f/f hLjg oxL cndndf k/]/
clNem/xG5 . To;}n] cfgGbsf] ofqf ug{' 5 eg] r]tgfnfO{ xf];n] eg{' / j:t'x¿df cfslif{t gx'g'
h?/L x'G5 . dgsf] hut\df alg;s]sf] s'/fnfO{ x6fpg sl7g x'G5 t/ aGg} glbg eg] ;lsG5 .
qmf]w p7\bf To;sf] klxnf] emns leq b]lvg] lalQs} To;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 t/ ha /utdf
Pl8gn tŒj 5'6\5, ta qmf]wsf] ljif /utdf k:5 . /utdf g} qmf]w k|j]z u/]sf] of] a]nf qmf]w
lgoGq0f ug{ sl7gfO x'G5 . qmf]w p7\g] lalQs} s]xL If0f To;n] k|j]z ug{'cl3 k|tLIff ub{5 . o;
kl5sf] l:ylt lgoGq0feGbf aflx/ x'G5 . cgf;Qm x'gsf nflu lgoGq0fsf] ;Ldf cufl8 g} hfUg
h?/L x'G5, cGoyf k|folZrQ dfq x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL j:t'x¿k|lt cgf;Qm /xg ;Sof} eg] ToxLF k'U5f} / slxNo}
gfz gx'g] cfgGbsf] ef]u ug]{5f} . o; wtL{df Pp6f cb\e't u|Gy lj1fg e}/jtGq 5 . of] ;fgf]
k':tsdf !!@ j6f ;"qx¿ 5g\ . x/]s ;"qdf Pp6} s'/f 5, klxnf] ;"qdf atfOPsf] s'/fnfO{ g} !!@
k6s bf]xf]¥ofOPsf] 5 . x/]s ;"qdf Pp6f ljlw k"/f x'G5 . kfj{tL lzj;Fu ;f]Wg'x'G5– s;/L zfGt
ag]/ cfgGb k|fKt ug]{ / cd[t s;/L kfOG5 . lzjn] b'O{ b'O{ kª\lQmdf pQ/ lbg'x'G5– Zjf; leq /
aflx/ hfFbf lardf cl8P/ /xg ;lsof] eg] cd[t k|fKt x'G5 . Ps ;"q k"/f eof] t/ kfj{tLn] a'‰g
;Sg' ePg / km]l/ ;f]Wg'eof] . lzj b'O{–b'O{ kª\lQm eGb} hfg'x'G5 / x/]s kª\lQmsf] cy{ b'O{sf lardf
cl8g'k5{ eGg] xf] . lzj eGg'x'G5– hGd / d[To'sf] lardf cl8P/ /xg ;Sof] eg] cd[t k|fKt x'G5 .
lzjn] !!@ k6s Pp6} s'/f b'O{ lj/f]wx¿ lar /f]lsP/ x]g{ ;s]df cd[t kfOG5 eGg'ePsf] 5 .
k|Llt–ck|Llt, kIf–ljkIf, cf;lQm–lj/lQmsf] lardf cl8P/ /xg ;Sg] k'¿ifnfO{ cd[t k|fKt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fsf] of] ;"qaf6 klg b'v–;'v, ldq–zq', ;Ddfg–ckdfg b'O{ ljk/Ltx¿af6 t6:y eO{ lardf
cl8Pdf cd[t k|fKt x'g] lglZrt 5 . å}tdf t6:y /xg ;Sg]n] cå}tdf ult lng ;S5 .
o] lx ;+:kz{hf ef]uf b'Mvof]go Pj t] .
cfBGtjGtM sf}Gt]o g t]if' /dt] a'wM ..@@..
x] sf}Gt]o Û ef}lts OlG›o / ljifosf ;+:kz{af6 pTkGg x'g] b'vsf] ;|f]tdf 1fgLhg /dfpFb}gg\ .
o:tf ef]ux¿ clgTo, Ifl0fs / b''vsf] sf/0f x'g] ePsfn] ljåt\ hgx¿ o:tf ljifodf ?lr
/fVb}gg\ ..

nf]suLtf– 202
 cWofo–%
OlG›o / jf;gfsf] d]naf6 k|tLt x'g] ;'v cGttM b'v g} xf] . of] zfZjt, ;gftg / lgTo
xf]Og Ifl0fs xf] eg]/ hfGg] k'?if o;;Fu d'Qm x'g yfN5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf ef]ux¿
clgTo, Ifl0fs / b'vsf sf/0f x'g] x'Fbf ljåt\hg o:tf ljifodf ?lr /fVb}gg\ . h] xfdLnfO{ ;'v
h:tf] nfU5 Tof] ;'v xf]Og ;'v h:tf] nfu]sf] dfq xf] . cFWof/f]df 8f]/LnfO{ b]v]/ ;k{ 7fg] klg
glhs uPkl5 ;k{ geP/ 8f]/L b]lvG5 . To:t} ha;Dd ;'v kfOFb}g, ta;Dd ;'v k|tLt x'G5 t/
xftdf cfpg] lalQs} ;'v x/fpF5 . xfdLn] kfPsf s'g} klg ;'vn] lr/:yfoL ;'v lbPsf 5}gg\ .
Pp6f ;'v ef]Ug] lalQs} csf]{ ;'vsf] vf]hL x'G5 . h] kfOG5 To;df ;'v x'Fb}g t/ klg eljiodf
kfOG5 xf]nf eGg] nfU5 clg ef]lnsf] cfzfdf km]l/ ;'vsf] vf]h ;'? x'G5 . ;'v ha;Dd 6f9f x'G5,
ta ;'vh:tf] nfU5 t/ kfpg]lalQs} Tof] ;'v g} /xFb}g . ;'v OG›wg'if h:tf] 6f9faf6 x]bf{ /ËLg
b]lvG5, glhsaf6 x]bf{ afbnsf lardf ;"o{sf] ls/0f u'lh|Psf] afx]s s]xL x'Fb}g . s'g} ¿k, /Ë /
cfsf/ x'Fb}g, hxfF hxfF ;'vsf] OG›wg'if b]lvG5 ToxfF l7s o:t} x'G5 . To;}n] ;'v k|tLt x'G5 t/
jf:tjdf ;'v x'Fb}g eGg] 1fg h;n] hfGb5 p;sf] jf;gf cf;lQm aGg aGb x'G5 .
dg hxfF cefj 5 ToxL+“ bf}l8G5 . c1fgL ;'v 5}g eg]/ kTofpFb}g t/ ;'v ;'? x'g]lalQs}
;dfKt x'G5 / kl/0ffddf b'vl;jfo s]xL cfpFb}g . of] ;To a'em]kl5 1fgL ljifo / j[lQx¿sf]
tfnd]n lgld{t x'g lbFb}g / cgf;Qm tyf jLt/fuL eP/ :jod\df l:yt x'G5 . r]tgf l:y/ ePkl5
dfq k/d;Qfdf k|j]z x'G5 .
zSgf]tLx}j oM ;f]9'+ k|fSz/L/ljdf]If0fft\ .
sfdj|mf]wf]∫j+ j]u+ ; o'QmM ; ;'vL g/M ..@#..
h;n] cfˆgf] z/L/ 5'6\g'cl3 oyfy{df of}jgfj:yfdf g} sfd, qmf]w h:tf OlG›osf j]unfO{
;xg ug{ ;Ifd x'G5, Tof] dflg; g} of]uL xf] / Tof] g} ;'vL klg xf] ..
hLjgdf sfd / qmf]wsf] j]unfO{ h;n] lhTg ;S5 Tof] of]uL xf] . o:tf] JolQm o; nf]sdf
dfq geO{ k/nf]sdf klg d'Qm eP/ cfgGbdf l:yt x'G5 . sfdsf] cy{ csf{af6 ;'v lng] cfsfª\Iff
xf] . sfd lj/f6\ 36gf xf] / sfdjf;gf of] lj/f6\ 36gfsf] Ps efu xf] . csf{af6 ;'v kfpg]
OR5fdf sf]xL afws ag]df qmf]w pTkGg x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f sfd / qmf]wnfO{ Ps;fy ;"qdf
eGg'x'G5 . of] ;+o'Qm j]u xf] . sfdgfdf s;}n] afwf pTkGg u/]df qmf]w hlGdG5 . sfdsf] j]unfO{
sxLFaf6 afwf gk'u]/ sfd k"/f eof] eg] o;af6 ljiffb pTkGg x'G5 . qmf]w sfdsf] cj?4 ¿k xf] .
dgf]j}1flgsx¿ dg'io sfdsf nflu g} afFRb5 eG5g\ . k|mfo8 sfd g} dg'iosf] cfTdf / hLjgsf]
cfwf/ xf] eG5g\ . xfdL wg, kb ;a} sfd k"/f ug{sf nflu hDdf u5f}{+ . sfdafx]s xfdL s]xL
;f]Rb}gf}+ . of] sfdn] el/Psf] lrQ rf}la;} 306f qmf]wn] el/Psf] x'g' cfZro{ xf]Og lsgeg] sfdn]
rf}la;} 306f cfˆgf] nIo k"/f x'g] qmddf cj/f]w jf afwfx¿ kfpF5 . To;af6 leq kL8f pTkGg
x'G5 / Tof] pmhf{ qmf]wdf ¿kfGtl/tf x'G5 .
cfh klZrdsf sltko d'n'sdf wg kof{Kt 5, ;dfhsf] eo klg 5}g . To;}n] t of}gsf
;DaGwdf ;f/f lgod Joj:yfx¿ ;dfKt ePsf 5g\ . hlt b'lgofF ;d[4 x'Fb} hfG5 Tolt g} of}gsf
;DaGwdf afwf jf kvf{nx¿ elTsG5g\ . o;af6 sfdjf;gfsf] Jojwfg t x6\5 t/ ljkmntf /
ljiffb TolQs} 3gf eP/ ToxL cg'kftdf cfTdxTof a9]/ hfG5 . ;dfhn] sfdjf;gfsf] k"lt{sf nflu
v'Nnf 5'6 lbPdf JolQm ljiffbn] el/P/ kfun x'g ;S5 lsgeg] of] sfdsf] /; / d"No klg ;dfKt
ePsf] l:ylt xf] . To;}sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k cfh klZrd / cGo d'n'sx¿df klg sfdsf] ljs[t ¿k
cyf{t\ ;dlnËLx¿ al9/x]sf 5g\ . ljsl;t ;dfhdf sfdsf] aGb]h cGt ePsf] 5 . ;dfhdf

nf]suLtf– 203
cWofo–%
sfdnfO{ v'Nnf 5f]8] ljs[lt hlGdG5 / of}gnfO{ bafPdf anhÎtL bdg t x'G5 t/ hlt bdg eof]
Tolt g} qmf]w k}bf x'G5 / qmf]w lx+;f aG5 clg o;n] hLjgnfO{ rf/}lt/af6 tf]8\b5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– g t sfdnfO{ 5'6 lbg' ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf] g t sfd bafP/ jf /f]s]/
/fVg' g} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf] . sfd / qmf]w b'j}af6 dfly p7\g;Sg] of b'j} j]ux¿sf lar clnKt
eP/ b'j};Fu cgf;Qm x'g] JolQmn] dfq o; nf]sdf / k/nf]sdf klg ;'v k|fKt u5{ . o; ;+;f/df
xfdL b'v} b'vsf cltl/Qm s]xL klg kfpFb}gf“}+ . k|mfo8nfO{ dg]{ a]nfdf s;}n] tkfO{+n] cfhLjg
dgf]lrlsT;fsf] dfWodaf6 w]/} dflg;x¿sf] ;]jf ug{'eof]≤ s] tkfO{+ dg'ionfO{ dgf]lrlsT;fåf/f
;'v;ondf k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] ;f]Rg'x'G5 eg]/ ;f]Wbf k|mfo8n] dflg;nfO{ slxNo} ;'v;onaf6
k"0f{ agfpg ;lsGg, s]jn ;fdfGo b'vsf] l:ylt;Dd k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] hjfkm lbP . klZrddf
dgf]lrlsT;sx¿ eG5g\– sfdaf6 sf]xL klg d'Qm x'g} ;Sb}g . To;f] eP b'vaf6 klg d'Qm x'g
;Sb}g, s]jn ;fdfGo b'v;Dd dfq k'Ug ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– sfd / qmf]]waf6 d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 . ha;Dd xfdLnfO{ leqsf]
cfgGbsf af/]df hfgsf/L x'Fb}g, ta;Dd xfdL c¿af6 ;'v kfpg] sf]l;; ul//xG5f}F . sfdaf6 ToxL
JolQm d'Qm x'G5 h;nfO{ cfˆgf] cGt/;|f]tsf] hfgsf/L 5, cGoyf d'Qm x'g ;Sb}g . sfd Pp6f 7"nf]
zlQm xf] h;nfO{ k|s[lt ;[hg u/fpg] sfo{df k|of]u ul5{g\ . sfd–pmhf{ leq sxfFaf6 pl7/x]sf] 5
eg]/ Wofg u¥of] eg] sfdsf] jf;gf tTsfn lt/f]lxt x'G5 / Tof] jf;gfsf] pmhf{ leq hfg yfN5 .
Tof] zlQmsf] leq aUg] gfd s'08lngL xf] . of}gs]G›af6 ;k{n] km0ff p7fP/ dfly uP em} zlQm p7\5
/ l/8sf] dfu{af6 dfly hfg yfN5 . of}gs]G›df zlQmsf] ;ª\u|x 5 . of] zlQm leq of aflx/ hfg
;S5 . sfds]G› åf/ xf] olb aflx/ uof] eg] Tof] ljiffb of qmf]w aG5 / leqsf] ofqf u/L ;x;|f3f/
k'u]df cfgGb kmlnt x'G5 . klxn] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ l;sfOg] 1fg a|Xdro{ lyof] lsgeg] To;n]
hLjgsf] pmhf{nfO{ sfdaf6 /fddf k'¥ofpFYof] . sfd c¿df lge{/tf xf] eg] /fd :jod\df lge{/ x'g'
xf] . sfd alxu{dg / /fd cGtu{dg xf] . xfd|f] hLjgsf] ;f/f ;lqmotf sfd / /fdsf] lardf 5 .
ha z/L/n] pmhf{ aflx/ ˆofFS5, ta b'u{Gw 5f]8\5 / ha pmhf{ leq hfG5 ta ;'uGw 5f]8\5 . aflx/
b'v / leq ;'v 5 . h;n] sfd / qmf]waf6 d'lQm kfpF5 To; of]uLn] o; nf]sdf cfgGb kfpF5 /
k/nf]sdf klg To;n] d'lQm k|fKt u5{ .
of]˜GtM;'vf]˜Gt/f/fd:tyfGtHof]{lt/]j oM .
; of]uL a|Xdlgjf{0f+ a|Xde"tf]˜lwuR5lt ..@$..
h;n] cGt:s/0fdf ;'vsf] cg'ej ub{5, leq}b]lv hf] cGt/fTdfdf g} /dfpF5, hf] cfTdfdf g}
1fgn] el/Psf] 5, h;sf] :jefj klg cGtd{'vL 5, Tof] oyfy{df lgZrn a|Xd:j¿k ;fª\Voof]uL xf] /
To;n] zfGt a|XdnfO{ g} k|fKt ub{5 ..
hf] cfTdfdf g} lj>fd u/]/ cfgGb / 1fgsf] cg'ej u5{ / h;sf] hLjgsf] ;a} s'/f p;sf]
cfTdf g} x'G5 o:tf] efj ePsf] of]uL zfGt a|Xddf k|fKt x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ 1fg, ;'v / zflGt
c¿af6 k|fKt x'G5 h:tf] nfU5 . xfdL leqaf6 vfnL 5f“}+, jf:tjdf xfdL hf]af6 1fg kfpF5f“}, Tof]
klg xfdL h:t} leqaf6 vfnL 5 . c¿af6 ;'v / 1fg k|fKt x'Fb}g s]jn ;'v / 1fgsf] cfef; dfq
k|fKt x'G5, hf] cGttM b'v g} aGb5 . c¿af6 ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 t/ cGttM Tof] c1fg g}
x'G5 . s'g} klg ljZjljBfnox¿n] 1fg lbg ;Sb}gg\, s]jn ;"rgf dfq lbg ;S5g\ . 1fg t
cfGtl/s 36gf xf] hf] leqaf6 cfpF5 .

nf]suLtf– 204
 cWofo–%
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] cfTdfdf lj>fd, cfTdfd} ;'v / cfgGb cg'e"t ug{ hfGof] To:tf]
k'?if a|Xd:j¿k of]uL xf] . leq ;'v / 1fg 5 eg]/ hfGg] k'?if g} ;fª\Voof]uL cyf{t\ 1fgof]uL xf] .
;'vsf cfsfª\IfLx¿ ;f+;fl/s x'G5g\ . ljrf/s, snfsf/, j}1flgs, bfz{lgs, lrGts oL ;a} 1fgsf
cfsfª\IfLx¿ x'g\ . h;nfO{ xfdL ;fw', ;Gt eG5f}+“, ltgLx¿ lj>fdsf] vf]hL ub{5g\ . o; hut\df
aflx/L vf]hn] s]xL kfO“b}g t/ leq vf]h] ;'v, 1fg / lj>fd kfpg ;lsG5 . aflx/sf] vf]h e|flGt
dfq xf] / o;nfO{ vf]Hbf e8\vfnfdf kl/G5 t/ uGtJo;Dd slxNo} k'luGg . wd{n] dg'iosf]
ul/dfsf] 3f]if0ff ub}{ ltdL h] rfxG5f} Tof] leq 5, ltdLleq gePsf] eP ltdL rfxg klg ;Sb}gYof}
eGb5 . olb dg'ioleq lj>fdsf] Ifdtf gePsf] eP dg'io lj>fdsf] dfu klg ug{ ;Sb}gYof] .
xfdL ToxL dfU5f}+“ h] xfd|f] leq aLhsf] ¿kdf n's]sf] 5 . xfd|f ;a} dfux¿ ;Defjgf / aLhsf
dfu x'g\ hf] j[If x'g ;S5g\ . k|To]s JolQm leqsf] 1fg, zflGt, lj>fd / :jtGqtf kfpg rfxG5 .
;'v aflx/ vf]lhof] eg] kfpg ;lsGg lsgeg] ;'v leq n's]sf] 5 t/ aflx/ vf]Hof] eg]
;"rgf ;ª\sng eP/ tyfslyt kl08t x'g ;lsG5 . ;"rgf ;Ínsx¿nfO{ ;a} s'/f hfGg] h:tf]
nfU5 t/ tL s]xL hfGb}gg\ . aflx/ lj>fd vf]lhof] eg] ToxfF t wg, dxn agfpg] tgfjn] el/G5 /
lj>fd kfOFb}g . h;;Fu vfgf 5}g To;;Fu k]6 / vfgf krfpg] zlQm x'G5 . h;;Fu vfgf 5
p;;Fu krfpg] k]6 x'Fb}g . h;;Fu ulx/f] lg›f 5 p;;Fu tlsof x'Fb}g / h;;Fu dxFuf] /
cf/fdbfoL la5\of}gf 5, p;;Fu lg›f x'Fb}g . xfd|f] vf]Hg] lbzf unt ePsfn] o:tf] ePsf] xf] . of]
unt dfWodaf6 vf]h]sf] kl/0ffd xf] . olt sdfP/ lj>fd u5{' eGg] JolQmn] slxNo} lj>fd ug}{
kfpFb}g, lj>fd ug{' cl3 g} ;dfKt x'G5 . wg sdfPkl5 P];, cf/fd u5{' eG5 t/ wg sdfpFbf
P];, cf/fdnfO{ lj/fd nufpg'k5{ cGoyf wg sdfpg} ;lsGg .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL leqsf] cfgGb vf]h . b'v aflx/af6 cfpF5 t/ zflGt
leqaf6 cfpF5 . czflGtsf af/]df xfdL sf/0f atfpg ;S5f“}+ t/ zflGt sxfFaf6 cfpF5 eg]/
atfpg ;Sb}gf}+ . of] leqaf6 cfpF5 / km}lnG5 . leqsf] vf]hdf k/d lj>fd 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
x] ch'{g Û ltdL o'4df plqof} eg] of]uL x'g] 5f}≤ of]usf] cy{ ltdL cfkm";Fu hf]l8g] 5f} / k/nf]sdf
klg d'Qm x'g] 5f} . of] nIf0f ;fª\Voof]uLsf] xf] . ;fª\Vo g} 1fgsf] k/d s'~hL xf] . ;fª\Vo zAbsf]
cy{ 1fg x'G5 . ;fª\Von] eG5– ug{' / ug{of]Uo s]xL 5}g . ugf{n] h] kfOG5 Tof] aflx/ kfOG5,
gugf{n] h] kfOG5 Tof] leq kfOG5 . leq olb s]xL kfpg' 5 eg] gu/]/ a:g'k5{ . of] l7s pN6f]
ofqf 5 . ;fª\Vo eG5, u/]/ s]xL kfOFb}g . hf] kfpg' 5, Tof] xfdL leq ;bf df}h'b 5 s]jn
xfdLnfO{ lj:d[lt dfq ePsf] xf] . xfdLn] lal;{Psf] s'/f leq uP :d/0f x'G5 . ;fª\Vosf cg';f/
1fg xfd|f] :jefj xf] To;nfO{ cfh{g ug{'kb}{g≤ s]jn hfu]/ hfGg'k5{ / hfGgsf nflu leqsf] ofqf
ug{'k5{ .
neGt] a|Xdlgjf{0fd[ifoM IfL0fsNdiffM .
l5Ggå}wf otfTdfgM ;j{e"tlxt] /tfM ..@%..
h;sf z/L/, dg, a'l4 / OlG›ox¿ jzdf 5g\, hf] ;+zo/lxt, kfksd{/lxt Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{
k|f0fLx¿sf] sNof0fdf tNnLg 5g\ h;sf] dg lgZrn efjn] k/dfTdfdf l:yt 5, o:tf] a|Xdj]Qf k'?if
zfGt a|Xddf k|fKt x'G5g\ ..
kfkaf6 d'Qm ePsf, dg, a'l4 / OlGb|ox¿ jzdf ePsf / ;+zo/lxt Psfu| lrQ ePsf
k'?ifn] k/d a|Xd k|fKt ub{5g\ eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . ch{'g t s]jn knfog x'g rfxGy] . s[i0fn]
ch'{gnfO{ cGt/qmflGtaf6 u'hfg{'x'G5 eGg] pgn] ;f]r]sf klg lyPgg\ . pgn] s[i0f;Fu lh1f;f /fVg

nf]suLtf– 205
cWofo–%
;'? ubf{ s;/L o'4af6 ar]/ efu"F eGg] efj dfq lyof] . t/ pgL s[i0fh:tf] k/dk'?if Pjd\
dgf]j}1flgs;Fu lh1f;f /fVg k'u] h;n] pgnfO{ sd{sf] gofF cfofd atfpg'eof] . s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{
atfpg'ePsf] s'/f ch{'gn] ;f]w]sf], ;f]r]sf], rfx]sf] ljifo g} lyPg . To;}n] t s[i0fsf s'/f a'‰g
pgnfO{ ufx|f] eO/x]sf] 5 . ch{'g cjsfz lng rfxG5g\ t/ s[i0f pgnfO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug{
rfxg'x'G5 . pxfF ch{'gnfO{ gofF lbzf lbg rfxg'x'G5 . xfdLn] czflGtsf] hfn lgdf{0f u/]df tn
emg]{ 5f}+ . xfd|f] hLjgdf kmlnt x'g] ;a} 36gfx¿ xfdLn] /f]k]sf aLhsf kl/0ffd x'g\ h;nfO{ k|s6
¿k lng ;do nfUg ;S5 . xfd|f] czflGt klg xfd|f] aLhsf] kl/0ffd xf] / hlt hlt czflGt a9\5
plt plt g} xfdL a|Xd;Fu 6f9f x'g yfN5f}+“ . a|Xd;Fusf] ldng zflGtdf dfq k|fKt x'G5 . zfGt lrQ
a|Xd;Fu / czfGt lrQ ;+;f/;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– s;}nfO{ ljrf/df jf s[Toaf6 b'v k'¥ofpg'' kfk xf] / s[Tosf cfwf/df b'v
k'¥ofpg grfxg' g} k'0o xf] . h;sf] a'l4 cfzª\sf/lxt eP/ ;d x'G5 To:tf] ;dtf cfkm" / csf]{
JolQmsf lar sfod ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . cfzª\sf/lxt JolQm ta x'G5, ha cfk""mk|lt klg t6:y x'G5 .
hf] cfk""mk|lt klg t6:y / ;fIfL x'G5, pm cfkm"nfO{ klg cGosf] efFtL x]g{ yfN5 . ToxL JolQm t6:y
x'G5 hf] åGåftLt eP/ zfGt x'G5 . oL b'O{ åGbsf lar 5gf]6 ug]{ JolQm czfGt x'G5 . r'gfj/lxt
/ ljsNk/lxt r]tgfdf k|fKt x'g] JolQm zfGt x'gfn] p;sf] a|Xd;Fu ldng x'G5 .
sfdqmf]wljo'Qmfgf+ otLgf+ otr]t;fd\ .
cletf] a|Xdlgjf{0f+ jt{t] ljlbtfTdgfd\ ..@^..
hf] ;d:t ef}lts OR5f tyf sfd / qmf]waf6 d'Qm ePsf 5g\, dgnfO{ lht]sf 5g\ /
k/dfTdfnfO{ ;fIffTsf/ u/]sf 5g\ To:tf cfTd1fgL l;4 k'?ifsf nflu ;a}lt/af6 zfGt k/a|Xd
k/dfTdf g} kl/k"0f{ 5 ..
sfd / qmf]waf6 d'Qm k'?if k/dfTdfdf k|fKt x'G5 . xfdL slxn]sfxLF dfq qmf]w u5f}{+≤ x/If0f
qmf]w ub}{gf}+ / qmf]w gu/]sf a]nfdf zfGt x'G5f“}+ h:tf] nfU5 . To:t} sfd klg slxn]sfxLF dfq cfpF5
eGg] nfU5 t/ oL ;a} e|flGt dfq x'g\ lsgeg] xfdL leq qmf]wsf] cGt/wf/f geP xfdL qmf]w ug{ g}
;Sb}gf}+“ . qmf]w xfdL;Fu el/Psf] 5, To;}n] s'g} JolQmn] ufnL ug]{lalQs} xfdL qmf]w k|s6 u5f}{+ .
h;/L ;'Svf Ogf/df afN6L xfNbf kfgL cfpFb}g, To:t} leqsf] sfd / qmf]waf6 d'Qm eP ToxfF h]
xfn] klg jf;gf / qmf]w lgSnFb}g . xfdL sfd / qmf]waf6 d'Qm 5}gf“}+, a? of] xfdL leq el/Psf] 5 .
xfdL qmf]w ug{ sf/0f vf]H5f}+“ . qmf]w / sfd xfd|f] l:ylt xf] 36gf xf]Og h'g rf}la;} 306f xfd|f]
;fydf x''G5 . of] s'/f h;n] :jLsf/ u5{ p;sf] hLjgdf kl/jt{g cfpF5 . slxn]sfxLF dfq d sfdL
jf qmf]wL 5' eGg' cfkm}“nfO{ wf]sf lbg' xf] . k/dfTdfdf ToxL JolQm k'Ug ;S5 h;n] cfˆgf] jf:tljs
l:ylt a'em]/ :jLsf/ u5{ . sfd / qmf]wsf] cGt/wf/f xfdLleq rf}la;} 306f alu/x]sf] 5 / Tof]
slxn]sfxLF dfq k|s6 x'G5 . To;}n] sfd / qmf]wnfO{ hfg]/ kf/ x'g] JolQm dfq k/d a|Xddf pknAw
x'G5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 .
:kzf{Gs[Tjf alxaf{Xof+ZrIf'Zr}jfGt/] e|'jf]M .
k|f0ffkfgf} ;df} s[Tjf gf;fEoGt/rfl/0ff} ..@&..
aflx/sf ljifoef]unfO{ kG5fP/ b[li6nfO{ cfFvLef“}+sf] lardf s]lG›t u/]/ k|f0f / ckfg
jfo'nfO{ gfssf cEoGt/df /f]sL sfd–qmf]wd'Qm x'g ;lsG5 ..

nf]suLtf– 206
 cWofo–%
ot]lG›odgf]a'l4d{'lgdf]{Ifk/fo0fM .
ljut]R5feoqmf]wf] oM ;bf d'Qm Pj ;M ..@*..
h;n] dg, OlG›o tyf a'l4nfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fv]/ df]IfnfO{ hLjgsf] nIo agfpFb} ;f/f OR5f,
eo / qmf]wnfO{ TofUg ;dy{ x'G5 Tof] hLjgd'Qm x'G5 ..
o; Znf]sdf >Ls[i0fn] ljlwsf af/]df atfpg'ePsf] 5 . sfd / qmf]waf6 hf] d'Qm 5 p;n]
dfq a|XdnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . Tof] l:ylt k|fKt ug]{ j}1flgs ljlw oxfF pNn]v ug{ vf]lhPsf] 5 .
cfFvLef}+sf] dWo e[s'6Lsf lar Wofg Psfu| u/]/ gfl;sfaf6 cfpg] hfg] Zjf;nfO{ ;ddf /fVg'k5{ .
o; cj:yfdf b'j}sf] hxfF ldng x'G5 Tof] Wofg xf] . cfFvLef“}+sf lardf Zjf; ha ;d x'G5 To;If0f
JolQm sfd / qmf]wsf] cGt/wf/faf6 d'Qm x'G5 .
xfd|f OlG›on] aflx/sf] hut\;Fu ;DaGw agfpF5g\ / OlG›o ePgg\ eg] ;DaGw 5'6\5 . cfFvf
geP k|sflzt ;+;f/;Fu ;DaGw 6'6\5 . sfg geP Wjlgsf] nf]s lt/f]lxt x'G5 . gfs geP uGwsf]
hut\ /xFb}g . OlG›on] xfdLnfO{ aflx/L huTf\;Fu hf]8\5 . xfd|f ;ft OlG›o 5g\ . ;fwf/0ftof xfdL
kfFr OlG›osf] dfq s'/f u5f}{+ / xfdLnfO{ ToxL dfq yfxf 5 . clxn] lj1fgn] klg ;ft OlG›osf] s'/f
:jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . s]xL JolQmx¿n] 5j6f OlG›osf] s'/f u/]sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;Q/L jif{df lj1fgn]
gofF OlG›osf] vf]hL u/]/ ;ftj6fsf] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . xfd|f sfg;Fu ;DalGwt b'O{ OlG›o 5g\ .
sfgn] ;'G5 / z/L/nfO{ ;Gt'lnt ug]{ lx:;f klg sfgdf g} x'G5 hf] u'Kt OlG›osf] ¿kdf sfgdf
n's]sf] 5 . s;}n] xfdLnfO{ sfgdf hf]8n] yKk8 xfGof] eg] xfdL l/Fu6f nfu]/ 9N5f}+“ lsgeg]
z/L/nfO{ ;dfTg] OlG›o n8v8fpF5 . t;y{ sfgdf b'O{ OlG›osf] lgjf; 5 . 5}6f“}+ OlG›o xfd|f]
cGt:s/0f Åbodf l:yt 5 . To;}n] k|]dsf] s'/f ubf{ JolQm Åbodf g} xft /fVb5 lsgeg] Åbodf
efjsf] ;+j]bgf 5 . xfd|f hDdf ;ft OlG›o 5g\ h;n] xfdLnfO{ afXo hut\;Fu hf]8\5g\ / s'g} klg
OlG›o aGb jf ;dfKt eP eg] xfd|f] Tof] lx:;f klg ;Dks{af6 6'6\5 .
h;/L xfd|f afXo ;ft OlG›ox¿ 5g\ To;/L g} xfdL;Fu ;ft cGt/s]G›x¿ 5g\ . o;nfO{
of]un] rqm eGf]sf] 5 . oL ;ft rqm cGt/ OlG›osf åf/ x'g\ . >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gsf nflu pko'Qm /
;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ OlG›osf af/]df atfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– x] ch'{g b'O{ cfFvfsf lar
e[s'6Ldf cfˆgf] Wofg s]lG›t u/ . of]usf b[li6df o; rqmsf] gfd cf1frqm xf] / of] ;ÍNksf] s]G›
xf] . o; s]G›df JolQmn] Wofg u¥of] eg] ;ÍNksf] ult ;'? x'G5 . Iflqosf nflu o; s]G›df Wofg
ug{' pko'Qm x'G5 lsgeg] of] ;ª\sNksf] rqm xf] . z/L/sf OlG›ox¿ klg Wofg lbPkl5 dfq ;lqmo
x'G5g\ . cfFvfn] ta b]Vb5, ha Wofg cfFvf;Fu hf]l8G5 . sfgn] ta ;'G5, ha Wofg sfg;Fu
hf]l8G5 . To:t} leqsf ;ft rqmx¿ klg ta dfq ;lqmo x'G5g\ ha Wofg pgLx¿;Fu hf]l8G5 .
;ª\sNksf] rqm cf1frqm ePsfn] >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ToxLF Wofg u/ eGg'x'G5 . Wofg ta 3l6t x'G5
ha leq hfg] Zjf; / aflx/ hfg] Zjf; PsIf0f ;dl:yltdf x'G5 . cf–cfˆgf] :yfg jf Zjf;
leqsf] leq} / aflx/sf] aflx/} x'G5 . To; cj:yfdf r]tgf /f]lsG5 / To;} cGt/fndf Wofg l7s;Fu
cf1frqmdf uof] eg] cf1frqm ;lqmo x'g yfN5 . h'g rqmdf Wofg x'Fb}g Tof] rqm cf]OnfP/
lgliqmo /x]sf] x'G5 . ha Wofg rqmdf k5{, ;"o{sf ls/0fn] k'ikkqnfO{ v'nfP/ dfly p7fP h:t}
x'G5 . Psk6s dfly rqm p7]kl5 hLjgdf rqm ;lqmo x'g yfN5 / leqsf] hut\;Fu ;DaGwsf]
;'?jft x'G5 . cnu–cnu k|s[ltsf JolQmnfO{ cnu–cnu dfu{af6 leq hfg ;lhnf] x'G5 .
sf]dn Åbosf efj's :qLx¿n] cf1frqmdf xf]Og, gflerqm jf Åborqmsf] Wofg ug{'
pko'Qm x'G5 lsgeg] pgLx¿sf] JolQmTj u|fXo x'G5 . h;sf] JolQmTj cfqmfds 5 p;sf nflu

nf]suLtf– 207
cWofo–%
cf1frqmdf Wofg ug{' pko'Qm x'G5 . xfd|f] JolQmTjsf] lgdf{0f xfd|f] rqm;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 . To;}n]
t cnu–cnu JolQmsf nflu cnu–cnu rqmdf Wofg ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . Zjf; ;d cj:yfdf /x]sf
a]nf Wofg u¥of] eg] rqm ;lqmo x'G5 / o; cj:yfdf JolQm k'gh{Gdsf] cj:yfdf x'G5 / ta
p;sf] leqsf] ofqf ;''? x'G5 . ;dl:ylt hGd, d[To' / ;dflwsf] cj:yfdf x'G5 . hltk6s ;dflw
k|fKt x'G5 Tolt g} k6s ;dl:ylt cfpF5 . ha Zjf; leq aflx/ x'Fb}g, Tof] ;do hut\;Fu ;a}
;DaGw 6'6]/ JolQm ¿kfGtl/t x'g ;S5 . leq hfg] Zjf; hLjgsf] Zjf; xf] / aflx/ lg:sg] Zjf;
d[To'sf] Zjf; xf] . o:tf] cj:yfdf cl:tTj dfq z]if eP/ ¿kfGt/0f x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{
eGg'x'G5– Zjf; ;d xf];\, Wofg ltd|f] Ef|"dWodf cyf{t\ cf1f rqmdf xf];\ ta ToxL l:yltdf ltd|f]
rqm v'Ng] 5 . o;kl5 Tof] ;f/f zlQm hf] klxn] sfd, qmf]w aGYof] Tof] cf1frqmn] lkP/ ;ª\sNk
aGg] 5 .
olb ch{'g afXo hut\df dxfIflqoaf6 ¿kfGtl/t x'g ;s] eg] leqL hut\df pgL dxfjL/
x'g ;S5g\ . Tolt g} pmhf{ hf] sfd, qmf]wnfO{ ldN5 olb Tof] ;ª\sNknfO{ k|fKt eof] eg] Tof]
;ª\sNk dxfg\ x'g] 5 . JolQmsf] Wofg cf1frqmdf l:y/ /Xof] eg] p;sf ;f/f OlG›ox¿ cf1f dfGg
yfN5g\ cGoyf OlG›on] cf1f lbG5 hf] xfdLn] dflg/x]sf 5f“}+ .
ef]Qmf/+ o1tk;f+ ;j{nf]sdx]Zj/d\ .
;'Åb+ ;j{e"tfgf+ 1fTjf df+ zflGtd[R5lt ..@(..
h;n] dnfO{ g} ;a} o1–tk:ofsf] ef]Qmf, ;Dk"0f{ nf]s tyf b]jtfx¿sf] :jfdL cyf{t\
k/dfTdfsf] k/dfTdf, ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf lxt}ifL hfGb5 To;n] k/dzflGt k|fKt ub{5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;j{nf]ssf] k/dfTdfsf] efFtL ;a} nf]sx¿sf k/dfTdfsf klg k/dfTdf
dfg]/ hf] dnfO{ k|]d u5{g\ pgLx¿ d'lQmdf k|fKt x'G5g\ . xfd|f] …dÚ ;b}j …ltdLÚ sf] ljk/Lt 5 t/
s[i0fsf] …dÚdf ;a} …ltdLÚ cyf{t\ xfdLx¿ klg ;dflji6 5f}“ . lh;; klg l7s o:t} efiffdf
af]Ng'x'G5– h;nfO{ k|e'df k'Ug' 5, cfpm dsxfF / dåf/f k|e'sxfF k'u . >Ls[i0f ;xhtfk"j{s
lg/xª\sf/ efjdf eGg'x'G5– cfkm"nfO{ ddf 5f]8 / dnfO{ g} k/dfTdfsf] klg k/dfTdf 7fg]/ k|]d u/ .
ch{'gnfO{ s[i0fk|lt cljZjf; 5}g . To;}n] t pgL xh'/ s:tf] cxª\sf/L s'/f ug{'x'G5 eg]/ k|Zg klg
p7fpFb}gg\ . >Ls[i0f cxª\sf/z"Go cyf{t\ lg/xª\sf/L x'g'x'G5 . ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ /fd|/L lrGb5g\ / k"/f
ljZjf; klg u5{g\ . >Ls[i0f h:tf] JolQmn] …dÚ eg]/ pb\3f]if0f ubf{ xfd|f] cxª\sf/nfO{ ;dk{0f
u/fpgsf nflu u/]sf] 3f]if0ff xf] egL a'‰g ;lsG5 . o:tf] ;dk{0f ;ª\sNk ePsf] JolQmn] dfq ug{
;S5 .
k~rd cWofo k"0f{ eof] . o; cWofodf s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ k"/f sd{ ub}{ ;d:t sd{sf] hfndf
8'a]/ klg d'Qm x'g] af6f] atfpg'eof] . uLtfsf Ps Ps cWofo cfk}+m“df k"0f{ 5g\ . uLtf Pp6f k'':ts
xf]Og cg]sf}+“ 1fgx¿sf] ;+u|x xf] . uLtfsf] Ps cWofo a''e]mdf csf{] cWofo hfGg] h?/t kb}{g .
kfFrf} cWofo ga''e]mdf dfq 5}6f}+“ cWofo ;''? ug{'k5{ . ch{'gnfO{ kfFrf“} cWofon] klg sfd ug{ ;s]g
To;}n] pgsf nflu uLtf rln/xG5 . uLtf h:tf] k':ts af}l4s ¿kdf hfGg] s'/f xf]Og . a'l4n]
cl:tTjsf] hut\df s]xL vf]Hg lgl:sof] eg] s]xL kfO“b}g . o;nfO{ Åbodf ptf/]/ k|f0fdf 8'afpg
;lsof] eg] dfq cl:tTjsf] af]w x'g ;S5 .

nf]suLtf– 208
 cWofo–%
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] sd{;GGof;of]uf] gfd
k~rdf]›WofoM ..%..

nf]suLtf– 209
cWofo–%

nf]suLtf– 210
 cWofo–^
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
5}6f}+ cWofo
cfTd;+odof]uM

>Leujfg'jfr
cgfl>tM sd{kmn+ sfo{+ sd{ s/f]lt oM .
; ;GGof;L r of]uL r g lg/lUgg{ rflqmoM ..!..
eujfg\ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{kmnk|lt cgf;Qm /x]/ h;n] st{Jo sd{sf] kfngf ub{5, Tof] g}
;GGof;L / of]uL xf] . st{Jo sd{ gug]{ / s]jn clUgxf]q TofUg] JolQm ;GGof;L jf of]uL x'g ;Sb}g .
To:t} s]jn lqmofx¿nfO{ dfq TofUg] ;GGof;L klg of]uL x'g ;Sb}g ..
>Ls[i0fn] ;+;f/nfO{ ;GGof;sf] gjLg wf/0ff lbg'ePsf] 5 . o;cl3 3/–kl/jf/ TofUg],
;+;f/af6 ljd'v x'g], hLjgsf] lgif]w, ;+;f/sf] lj/f]w, sd{Tofu, lgliqmo / knfog x'g] JolQmx¿
dfq ;GGof;L x'g\ eGg] wf/0ff lyof] . >Ls[i0fn] ;GGof;nfO{ gofF cfofd lbg'eof] . ch{'gsf] dgdf
klg ;GGof;sf] k/Dk/fut wf/0ff lyof] . To;}n] t pgL ;a} Tofu]/ ;GGof;L x'g rfxGy] . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff Tofu]/ h;n] sd{ u5{ Tof] ;GGof;L xf] . sd{ TofUg] JolQm ;GGof;L
xf]Og lsgeg] sd{ Tofu] klg kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff z]if g} /xG5 . afXo ¿kdf sd{, kl/jf/ Tofu]/ klg
cGt:s/0fdf s'g} kl/jt{g cfp“b}g eg] Tof] ;GGof;L xf]Og . k/Dkl/t ;GGof; ;GGof;sf] afXo ¿k
dfq xf] . s[i0fsf] ;GGof; afXo ¿ksf] ;GGof; xf]Og, of] leqL ¿kfGt/0fsf] ;GGof; xf] . sd{
TofUg' sl7g sfo{ xf]Og, cN5L JolQm klg sd{Tofu ug{ ;S5g\ . To;}n] cfn:odf 8'Ag]
JolQmx¿nfO{ k/Dkl/t ;GGof;n] cfsif{0f u/]sf] lyof] . sltko ;GGof;Lsf] ;dfh cfn:on]
el/Psf] 5 . olb ljgf sfo{ h] xfdL rfxG5f}+“, Tof] k|fKt x'g ;Sg] eP xfdL ;a} sd{ 5f]8]/ ;GGof;L
x'GYof}+ . xfdL rfxgf jf jf;gfk"lt{sf nflu dfq sd{ u5f}{+ .
>Ls[i0f l7s pN6f] s'/f eGg'x'G5– sd{ u/ t/ kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff Tofu . pxfF eGg'x'G5–
sd{kmnk|lt cgf;Qm /x]/ h;n] st{Jo sd{sf] kfngf ub{5 Tof] g} ;GGof;L / of]uL xf] . st{Jo sd{
gug]{ / clUgxf]q TofUg] JolQm ;GGof;L x'g ;Sb}g tyf lqmofx¿ TofUg] ;GGof;L klg of]uL x'g
;Sb}g . s[i0fsf cg';f/ kmnsf] cfzf Tofu]df dfq ;GGof; kmlnt x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– cfsfª\Iff
/fVb}df s'g} klg cfsfª\Iff k"/f x'Fb}g . h;n] ef]lnsf] cfzf Tofu]/ cfh sd{ u5{ To:tf] JolQmsf]
sd{ g} ;GGof; aGb5 . ;GGof; hLjgsf] Tofu xf]Og, hLjgsf] k/def]u / k/d /x:o xf] . xfdL h]
rfxgf /fV5f}+ Tof] kfpFb}gf}+ / cGTodf ljiffb dfq k|fKt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– afFRg' cfkm“}+df
cfgGb xf] / afFRgsf nflu ef]lnsf] OR5fdf afFlwg' d"v{tf xf] . hLjg x/If0f cfgGbn] el/k"0f{ 5≤
To;}n] sd{ klg cfgGb efjn] u/ . klxn]sf] ;GGof; Joj:yfdf ;j{q kL8f dfq lyof] . jf;gf /
eljiosf] cfzfaf6 efu]/ kL8fsf] cGTo x'g ;Sb}g . kL8fsf] cGTo kl/l:ylt kl/jt{gn] geO{
dgl:ylt kl/jt{gn] dfq x'G5 . olb ltdL jf;gf / eljiosf] rfxgfnfO{ gTofuL o'4 5f]8]/ knfog
eof} eg] klg ltd|f] kL8f cGt x'g] 5}g lsgeg] Tof] jf;gf t ltdL;Fu g} hfg] 5 . b'vsf] sf/0f
ltd|} jf;gf / OR5f xf] . jf;gfn] ltdLnfO{ 5fofh:t} k5\ofP/ kL8f lbG5 . 3/ Tofu]/ lxF8\g] JolQm
gofF jf;gfdf bf}l8G5 / Tof] jf;gf k/dfTdf jf df]Ifsf] rfxgf klg x'g ;S5 .

nf]suLtf– 211
cWofo–^
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Pp6f OR5f Tofu]/ To;sf] ;§f csf]{ OR5f ;dfTg' ;GGof; xf]Og . cfˆgf
;du| jf;gf, OR5f TofUg' g} ;GGof; xf] . ljgf OR5fsf] sd{ hLjgsf] :jefj xf] t/ xfdL OR5f /
jf;gfsf sf/0fn] dfq sd{ u5f}{ . >Ls[i0f OR5f Tofu]/ sd{ ug]{ JolQm ;GGof;L xf] eGg'x'G5 . hxfF
OR5f /xFb}g, ToxfF dg klg /xFb}g lsgeg] dg ;d:t sfdgf / t[i0ffsf] hf]8 xf] . h;;Fu dg
/xFb}g Tof] ;GGof;L xf] . sfdgf jf;gf dfq afwf ePsf]n] jf;gf TofUg] lalQs} JolQmsf] z'e k|s6
x'G5 . dg'io bk{0f h:t} z'4 5 t/ OR5fn] w'nf] hDdf u/]/ bk{0f cz'4 ePsf] xf] . w'nf]¿kL OR5f
TofUg] lalQs} JolQm k'gM z'4 / kljq x'G5 . afXo OR5fsf sf/0fn] lgbf]{if r]tgfdf kmf]x/ hDdf
ePh:tf] efg x'G5 t/ Tof] kmf]x/ leq k|j]z ug{ kfpFb}g . OR5f TofUg] lalQs} ;f/f b'isd{ ;dfKt
x'G5g\ / g/fd|f] sfddf vr{ x'g] zlQm ;l~rt eP/ z'esd{df vr{ x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û olb ltdL OR5f, jf;gf 5f]8]/ o'4df uof} eg] Tof] o'4 klg
;GGof; xf] . hf] OR5f jf;gf af]s]/, cGo ;a} 5f]8]/ efu]/ hËndf hfG5 Tof] ;GGof; xf]Og .
s[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] ;GGof; dfq eljiodf afFsL /xg ;S5, cGo s'g} ;GGof; aRb}g lsgeg]
;GGof; h:tf] cd[tt'No cg'ej olb hLljt /x]g eg] dg'io 7'nf] cg'ejaf6 jl~rt x'g] 5 . To;}n]
t uLtf eljiodf cem ;fy{s aGg] 5 . cf]zf] eGg'x'G5– uLtfsf] b[li6 eljiosf nflu cem cg's"n
x'g] 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL efu]/ sxLF hfg'kb}{g lsgeg] ltdL hxfF 5f},+ ToxLFaf6
;GGof;L x'g ;Sg] 5f}+ s]jn kmnfsfª\IfL dfq aGg'x'Fb}g . kmnsf] cfzf Tofu ug{ ;lsof] eg] 3/af/
5f8]/ sxLF hfg'kb}{g, 3/df /x]/ g} ;GGof;L aGg ;lsG5 . h'g k/dfTdfn] ltdLnfO{ hGd lbof],
p;n] g} ltdLaf6 sd{ u/fpF5 . ltdL cfˆgf] lz/df Joy{sf] af]em g/fv≤ ;a} p;}df 5f]l8b]pm .
ef]ln s] x'G5 eGg] klg lrGtf gu/, cfh h] eO/x]sf] 5 To;}df ;Gt'i6 xf]pm / cfˆgf] st{Jo sd{
u/ . jf:tljs ;GGof;L Tof] xf] h;n] st{Jo sd{ t u5{ t/ kmn k|e'sf] xftdf 5f]8\5 . o:tf]
;GGof;Ln] cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg / pmhf{ k/dfTdfd} ;dlk{t ub{5 . cfˆgf] cxª\sf/sf] af]em h;n]
kG5fpF5 / hf] k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t x'G5 ToxL ;GGof;L xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] ltdLnfO{ hLjg lbof] pm ltdLeGbf Hofbf hfGg], a'‰g] / ;dembf/
5 . To;}n] ltdL cfˆgftk{maf6 s]jn st{Jo sd{ u/ / afFsL ;a} p;}df 5f]8 . h;n] ;a} p;df
5f8\5 p;n] ;j{:j kfpF5 t/ h;n] k|e'df ;dk{0f gu/L kmnsf] cfzf u5{ p;sf] xftdf s]xL
cfpFb}g . kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff g/fVg] JolQm b'isd{ ug}{ ;Sb}g / o:tf] JolQm k|e'sf] xft aGb5 . o;
k|sf/sf kmnsfª\Iff/lxt JolQmnfO{ >Ls[i0f ;GGof;L eGg'x'G5 .
o+ ;GGof;ldlt k|fx'of]{u+ t+ ljl4 kf08j .
g Xo;GGo:t;ÍNkf] of]uL ejlt sZrg ..@..
h;nfO{ ;GGof;L elgG5 of]uL klg ltgLx¿ g} x'g\ eGg] hfg . ;ª\sNk cyf{t\ jf;gf, sd{kmn
gTofu];Dd To;nfO{ of]uL elgFb}g ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;ª\sNk gTofUg] k'?if of]uL x'g ;Sb}g / ;ª\sNk h;n] TofU5 pxL
;GGof;L xf] . OR5faf6 g} ;ª\sNk k}bf x'G5 . s]xL kfpgsf nflu Tof] kfpg] zlQm cflh{t ug{'k5{ .
jf;gf k"/f ug]{ tLj|tf g} ;ª\sNk xf] . ;ª\sNk cfkm"nfO{ bfpdf nufpg] r]i6f xf] . xfdL klg ;a}
s]xL kfpgsf nflu g} ;ª\sNk u5f}{+ . ;ª\sNk ta 5'6\5 ha s]xL kfpg] rfxgf g} /xFb}g .
;ª\sNkjfg\sf] OR5f cem vt/gfs x'G5 lsgeg] Tof] OR5fdf cxª\sf/ klg hf]l8G5 . ;fwf/0ftof
xfdL ;ª\sNkjfg\ aGg ;'emfj lbG5f}+ t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;ª\sNk g5f]8L ;GGof;L jf of]uL aGg
;lsFb}g . k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t JolQmdf ;ª\sNk /xFb}g . ;GGof; eg]sf] leqsf] ;a} /fu–å]if /

nf]suLtf– 212
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jf;gfaf6 d'Qm x'g' xf] . ;fwf/0f d[To' gofF hLjgsf] k|f/De xf] t/ ;GGof; cfkm"nfO{ ld6fpg] d[To'
xf] lsgeg] o;df JolQmsf] s'g} kmnfsfª\Iff / ;ª\sNk klg x'Fb}g . pm eGb5 ca d 5}g“, ltdL dfq
5f} ToxL If0f dxfd[To' 3l6t x'G5 / Tof] dxfd[To'af6 dxfhLjgsf] ;'?jft x'G5 .
xfdL cxª\sf/sf aLh xf“}+, Tof] aLh ha km'6\5 ta gjhLjgsf] k|f/De x'G5 / lj/f6\
cfsfzlt/ p8fg ;''? x'G5 . hLjgsf] vf]hdf hlt rfF8f] xfdL cfˆgf] :jefjnfO{ k|fKt u5f}{+ Tolt g}
rfF8f] xfdL cxª\sf/sf] aLhaf6 d'Qm x'g ;S5f}+ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdLn] ddTjnfO{ g5f]8];Dd
k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg ;Sb}gf} lsgeg] ltdL g} cfˆgf] afwf xf} . To;}n] of] ddTj / jf;gfsf]
cfj/0fnfO{ tf]8, h;nfO{ ltdLn] cg]sf}+ hGdb]lv ;fydf lnP/ lxFl8/x]sf 5f} . of] cfj/0f gTofu]sf
sf/0f leqsf] sf]dn hLjg¿kL cfTdfnfO{ g} ltdLn] lal;{;Sof} / z/L/¿kL vf]nnfO{ g} …dÚ ;Dem]sf
5f} . ltdLn] r]tgfnfO{ lal;{;Sof} / dgsf] jf;gfnfO{ cfkm" 7fg]sf 5f} . t;y{ x] ch{'g Û ca of]
z/L/¿kL cfj/0fnfO{ tf]8 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;ª\sNksf sf/0f of] cfj/0fnfO{ tf]8\g ;lsPg eg]
cgGt ofqf ug{'k5{ . ;GGof; c;'/Iffdf plqg' xf] cyf{t\ dg]{ tof/L xf] lsgeg] arfpg] r]i6fn]
s;}n] klg cfkm"nfO{ arfpg ;s]sf] 5}g t/ ;ª\sNk d sf] arfp xf] . kfgLsf] yf]kfn] ;fu/ kfpg'
5 eg] cfkm" d]l6g'k5{ . To:t} dg'ion] klg cfkm"nfO{ TofUg tof/ eP dfq k/dfTdf kfpg ;S5 .
;a}eGbf 7'nf] afwf cxª\sf/ xf] . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL ha ;ª\sNk / sfdgfz"Go
x'G5f} ta dfq ltdL o'4df ;+nUg x'g ;S5f} . ltdL lgisfdsdL{ gagL cyf{t\ kmn k/dfTdfdf
;dlk{t gu/L o'4df hfgof]Uo x'Fb}gf} .
>Ls[i0f ;ª\sNk / OR5f geP dfq ;GGof; kmlnt x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . ;GGof; ;dk{0f xf]≤
To;}n] ha dg /xFb}g, ta ;dk{0f x'G5 . ;ª\sNk g/xg' eg]sf] leqsf] cxª\sf/ x6\g' xf] . of]
jf;gf, cxª\sf/, ;ª\sNksf] cGt/wf/fnfO{ lj;h{g u/]df dfq ;GGof; kmlnt x'G5 . kmnsf]
cfsfª\Iff, ;ª\sNk / cxª\sf/sf] l;l4 xfd|f] u[x:y hLjgsf] ¿k xf] . hf] o;/L afFR5, Tof] u[x:y xf]
/ hf] o;sf ljk/Lt afFR5 Tof] ;GGof;L xf] . s[i0fsf] ;GGof; b'vL JolQmsf] ;GGof; xf]Og . Tof]
;'vL, cfglGbt, ;ª\uLtdo, hLjGt / g[Ton] el/k"0f{ JolQmsf] ;GGof; xf] . cfglGbt gx'g] JolQm
;GGof;L g} xf]Og . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{ k"/f u/ t/ kmnfsfª\Iff 5f]8 . ;dli6df kmnsf] cfzf
5f8]/ sd{ u/, ta ltdLleq gjLg cfgGb kmlqmg yfNg] 5 . kmnfsfª\Iff, ;ª\sNksf] k|lqmof,
cxª\sf/sf] ;3gtfnfO{ 5f]8]/ oL tLgaf6 hf] aflx/ /xG5 ToxL ;GGof;L xf] .
cf??Iff]d{'g]of]{u+ sd{ sf/0fd'Rot] .
of]uf¿9:o t:o}j zdM sf/0fd'Rot] ..#..
x] ch{'g Û of]udf cf¿9 x'g rfxg] dggzLn JolQmsf nflu lgisfd sd{ g} of]uk|flKtsf] ;fwg
xf] eg] of]ul;4 jf of]uf¿9 k'?ifsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ ef}lts sd{sf] Tofu g} ;fwg slxG5 ..
of]u cfk"mnfO{ k/dfTdf;Fu ;+o'Qm u/fpg] ljlw xf] . To:t} of]usf] ;f/ ;da'l4 xf] .
;fwf/0ftof xfd|f] dg b'O{ cltx¿ k|]d–3[0ff, wg–Tofu cflbdf 3'ld/xG5≤ xfdL lardf /xFb}gf“}+ . ldq
jf zq' x'g ;lhnf] 5 t/ ldq jf zq' b'j}af6 t6:y x'g' sl7g 5 . hf] b'O{ cltx¿sf] lardf
/f]lsG5 Tof] ;dTj a'l4df k|fKt x'G5 . hLjgsf ;a} ¿k åGås} ¿k x'g\ . oxfF Psflt/ vfN8f] /
csf{lt/ Ogf/ 5 . oL b'O{sf lardf kftnf] wf/df cl8g jf /f]lsg ;Sg] dflg; of]udf k|fKt x'G5 .
;dTj a'l4sf] cy{ ;Gt'ng cyf{t\ t/fh'sf] sfF6f ;d ePh:t} åGåsf lar ;d x'g' xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;dtfefj a'l4of]usf] ;f/ xf] . s'g} Ps wf/sf] kIfdf /xg] JolQm of]uL
x'g ;Sb}g . TofuL of]uL xf]Og, pm t ef]uLsf] ljk/Lt dfq xf] . of]uL ef]u / Tofu b'j}af6 kf/ eP/

nf]suLtf– 213
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lgå{Gå / r'gfj/lxt x'G5 . r'gfj jf 5gf]6/lxt JolQm dfq ;ª\sNk/lxt x'G5 . dgn] r'gfj u5{
t/ h;n] dgnfO{ IfL0f ug{ ;S5 To:tf] JolQm dfq ;dtfdf pknAw x'G5 . kz'kG5L s'g} klg
5gf]6 ub}{gg\ . pgLx¿ k|s[ltaf6 hf] k|fKt ePsf] 5 To;}nfO{ dfq u|x0f ub{5g\ . dg'io dfq o:tf]
k|f0fL xf] hf] x/If0f x/]s s'/fdf 5gf]6 ul//xG5 . dg'ioafx]s ;f/f k|s[lt dg/lxt 5g\ . dg'io
zAbsf] cy{ klg dgjfnf xf] . dgsf] sf/0f dg'io kz'eGbf dfly p7\5 t/ dgsf sf/0fn] g}
k/dfTdf x'g ;Sb}g . dgnfO{ 5f]8\g ;s] dg'io k/dfTdf x'g ;S5 . dg Ps cltdf w]/} ;do
/f]lsg ;Sb}g . To;}n] h;nfO{ k|]d u5{ p;nfO{ g} 3[0ff u5{ . h;nfO{ cfh ldq dfGb5, ef]ln ToxL
zq' x'G5 . oL b'O{ cltdf em'ln/xg] dg ;ª\sNkn] el/Psf] x'G5 h;n] ubf{ lrQdf tgfj k}bf x'G5 .
cltn] el/Psf] dgdf :d[lt x'Fb}g . To;}n] t Ps cltaf6 lj/Qm ePsf] dg ToxL cltdf k'gM kms{g
;S5 . dg /x]g eg] dfq åGå ;dfKt x'G5 . ;dfhdf b]lvPsf] åGå JolQmx¿s} dgsf] lj:tf/ xf] .
ha;Dd dg 5, ta;Dd åGå/lxt ;dfh lgdf{0f x'g} ;Sb}g . s]jn åGå ablng ;Sb5 t/ åGå
;dfKt x'Fb}g . hxfF dg x'G5, ToxfF ;‹if{, snx, tgfj / å]if pTkGg x'G5 . kL8f Pjd\ ;Gtfk a9\5
/ hLjg gs{ aG5 .
dgsf] cWoogdf cfˆgf] l;Ëf] hLjg ;dlk{t ug]{ k|mfo8n] eg]sf 5g\– xfdL ;a} cGwsf/df
lg0f{o u5f}{+ . xfd|f] a'l4dQf ;a} em'6f] / a]Odfg x'G5 . s'g} klg JolQm cfkm"n] ;f]rljrf/ u/]/ lg0f{o
ub}{g . klxnf lg0f{o u5{ clg ;f]rljrf/ ug{ yfN5, klxn] lg0f{o u5{ clg a'l4n] To;nfO{ ;xof]u
u5{ . åGåsf ;a} lg0f{o c;dembf/Lsf lg0f{o x'g\ . hf] dgsf] aflx/ x'G5 p;sf] pQ]hgf afFsL
/xFb}g / zflGtdf pknAw x'G5 . hf] JolQm cfkm"leq ulx/fO;Dd x]g{ ;S5 To:tf] JolQm of]uf¿9
x'G5 . of]uf¿9sf] cy{ l;4k'?if cyf{t\ hf] cfkm"df l:yt x'g ;S5 eGg] xf] . b'O{ cltx¿sf] lardf
/f]lsg ;Sg] JolQmnfO{ >Ls[i0f of]uf¿9 eGg'x'G5 . oxfFaf6 k/dfTdfdf p8fg eg{ ;lsG5 / o:tf]
JolQmsf] ;ª\sNk klg IfL0f x'G5 . of]usf] k|f/lDes cj:yfnfO{ of]uf??If / ;jf]{Rr cj:yfnfO{
of]uf¿9 elgG5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL ;da'l4df l:yt xf]pm, ta ltdL
;ª\sNkaf6 IfL0f x'g] 5f}, ltd|f lrQsf ;f/f lrGtfx¿ ;dfKt x'g] 5g\ / ltdL lglZrGt / of]uf¿9
x'g] 5f} .
obf lx g]lG›ofy]{if' g sd{:jg'ifHht] .
;j{;ÍNk;GGof;L of]uf¿9:tbf]Rot] ..$..
OlG›ox¿ ljifo, sd{ / ef]udf cf;Qm gePsf], ;j{;ÍNksf] TofuL, ;sfd sd{df gkm;]sf]
k'?ifnfO{ of]uf¿9 elgG5 ..
OlG›o Pjd\ sd{df cgf;Qm JolQm g} of]uf¿9 x'G5 . OlG›odf cf;lQm ePkl5 sd{df klg
cf;lQm x'G5 lsgeg] sd{df ePsf ;f/f cf;lQm OlG›osf cf;lQmsf] lj:tf/ xf] . olb xfdL wg
sdfpg cf;Qm 5f“}+ eg] Tof] wgsf] cf;lQm xf] . olb eljiodf wgn] s]xL lsGg g;Sg] ePdf
wgk|ltsf] cf;lQm IfL0f x'G5 . wg sdfpg of hf]8\g vf]Hg' OlG›osf] t[lKt xf] . wgn] kb, k|lti7f,
sfdjf;gf, ;'lawf lsGg ;S5 eGg] e/f];f g} wgsf] d"No xf] . ;'vafx]s wgn] ;a} lsGg ;S5 .
wgn] b'v dfq lbG5 t/ cfZjf;g eg] ;'vsf] lbG5 . sd{sf] cf;lQm OlG›ox¿sf] dfus} bf}8 xf] .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– OlG›odf h;sf] cf;lQm /xFb}g, ;sfd sd{df hf] kFm;]sf] x'Fb}g / hf]
;j{;ÍNksf] TofuL x'G5 To;nfO{ of]uf¿9 elgG5 . OlG›osf] cf;lQmaf6 d'Qm x'gsf nflu d
OlG›oeGbf leGg 5' eGg] af]w x'g'kb{5 .

nf]suLtf– 214
 cWofo–^
r]tgfn] rfXof] eg] kbfy{;Fu afFlwg ;S5 / cfkm"nfO{ Ps dfGg ;S5 . r]tgfnfO{ slxNo}
ef]s nfUb}g, ef]s t ;b}j z/L/nfO{ g} nfU5 . r]tgfdfkm{t z/L/nfO{ ef]s nfu]sf] yfxf x'G5 t/
xfdL z/L/nfO{ cfkm" dfGb5f“}+ hf] e|flGt xf] . xfdL afnsaf6 hjfg / hjfgaf6 a'9f] x'G5fF} . o;
qmddf xfd|f] z/L/ a'9f] x'G5 / ablnG5 t/ r]tgf slxNo} kl/jt{g x'Fb}g . hGdFbfsf] cj:yfdf
xfdL;Fu ePsf] r]tgf ckl/jt{gLo, :j:Yo, :jR5 / z'4 x'G5 . z/L/df kl/jt{g x'G5 t/ r]tgfdf
kl/jt{g x'Fb}g . c1fgdf xfdL z/L/;Fu Ps x'G5f}F / 1fgdf z/L/eGbf leGg x'G5f}“+ . z/L/af6 cfk"m
leGg ePsf] hfGg ;Sg] / cfTdfsf] af]w ePsf] JolQm g} cf;lQmaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . xfdL z/L/;Fu
dfGotfsf sf/0f ;Ddf]lxt 5f}+ / h'g lbg z/L/eGbf leGg ePsf] k|tLlt x'G5 ToxL ;doaf6
OlG›osf] cf;lQm labf x'G5 . OlG›osf] cf;lQm x6\g] lalQs} sd{df klg cf;lQm /xFb}g .
OlG›osf] dfun] z/L/ ljs[t u/fpF5 . h;n] OlG›oeGbf dfly OlG›oftLt 5' eGg] hfGb5
ta pm k|s[lteGbf leGg x'G5 . o;k|sf/sf JolQmx¿sf cgfjZos rfxgfx¿ cGt x'G5g\ /
cfjZos Pjd\ gu/L gx'g] sd{ dfq afFsL /xG5 . o:tf JolQmsf] sfd z'4 eP/ /fdlt/ cu|;/ x'g
yfN5 . ha OlG›ox¿ ;xh x'G5g\, ta JolQmsf cfjZostfx¿ klg ;/n x'G5g\ clg JolQmsf]
cfjZostf g} x'Fb}g . o:tf JolQmsf] sd{k|ltsf] cf;lQm ;dfKt x'G5 t/ sd{ eg] hf/L /xG5 .
pgLx¿sf] b'isd{ ;lsG5 / cfjZos sd{ cem k|uf9 pmhf{n] el/Psf] x'G5 . cz'e sd{ ;dfKt
eP/ z'esd{sf] pbo x'G5 .
p4/]bfTdgfTdfg+ gfTdfgdj;fbo]t\ .
cfTd}j XofTdgf] aGw'/fTd}j l/k'/fTdgM ..%..
k|To]s dflg;n] cfˆgf] dgsf] ;xof]u lnP/ cfkm"nfO{ g} o; ;d'b|¿kL ;+;f/af6 p4f/ u/f];\,
dg ljifodf cf;Qm eP/ hLjnfO{ ktg x'g gb]cf];\ lsgeg] dg'io cfkm} cfˆg} ldq / cfˆg} zq' klg
xf] ..
of]usf dfWodaf6 hLjgsf] ;To / cfgGb k|fKt x'g] ePsfn] of]u k/d dËnbfoL x'G5 .
of]usf] lbzflt/ cu|;/ x'g] JolQm cfˆgf] ldq x'G5 / of]usf] ljk/Lt lbzflt/ cu|;/ x'g] JolQm
cfˆgf] zq' x'G5 . s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ cwf]ultlt/ xf]Og, pWj{udgsf] lbzfdf pGd'v u/fpg rfxg'
x'G5 . JolQmn] rfx]df pWj{udgsf] ofqf ug{ ;S5 / a'l4–ljj]s u'd]df cwf]ult pGd'v x'g klg
;S5 . dg'iosf] cfTdf :jtGq 5, p;n] rfx]df gs{sf] ofqf / rfx]df df]Ifsf] clGtd ;f]kfg klg
r9\g ;S5 . oL b'j} dfu{ p;sf nflu v'Nnf 5g\ . To;}n] pm cfˆgf] zq' jf ldq b'j} x'g ;S5 .
xfdL clwst/ dflg;x¿ cfˆgf zq' cfkm“} x'G5f}+“ lsgeg] xfdL cfk"mnfO{ 3ft x'g] sfo{ ub{5f}F .
xfdLn] u/]sf sfdaf6 b'v dfq cfOnfUg] x'Fbf xfdL cfˆgf] ldq x'g ;Sb}gf“}+ . xfdL cfˆgf nflu
b'vsf aLh /f]K5f“}+ . o; ;+;f/df xfdL h] /f]K5f}+“, ToxL k|fKt u5f}{+ . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– dg'io
cfˆgf] dgsf] ;xof]un] cfˆg} p4f/ u/f];\, cfk"mnfO{ tn lug{ gb]cf];\ lsgeg] dg'io cfkm} cfˆgf]
ldq / zq' klg xf] .
hLjgdf xfdL ;a} ;'v, zflGt / cfgGb rfxG5f}+“ t/ o;sf] cg'e"lt ug{ slxNo} kfpFb}gf}+“ .
xfd|f] rfxgfn] kmnk|flKt x'Fb}g . xfdLn] h:tf] sd{ u/]sf 5f“}+ / h:tf] aLh /f]k]sf 5f“}+ To;}sf
cfwf/df kmnk|flKt x'G5 . xfdL Ps lrh rfxG5f}+“ t/ cs}{ aLh /f]K5f}+ . ljif /f]K5f“}+ t/ cd[tsf]
rfxgf u5f}{+ . ljif /f]k]kl5 b'v, kL8f cfpF5 / gs{ k|fKt x'G5 . h:tf] s/gL p:t} e/gL eg]h:t}
xfd|f] cj:yfsf] lhDd]jf/ xfdL :jod\ xf“}+ / sdf{g';f/sf] kmn k|fKt u5f}{F . sltko JolQm qmf]wsf]
aLh /f]K5g\ / zflGtsf] sfdgf u5{g≤\ 3[0ff /f]k]/ k|]dsf] km"n km'nfpg rfxG5g\ / rf/}lt/ zq'tf

nf]suLtf– 215
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lkmFhfP/ ;a} hgf cfˆgf ldq xf]pmg\ eGg] rfxG5g\ . dflg;x¿ o:t} c;Dej rfxgf /fV5g\ . o;
k|sf/sf c;Dej sfdgfx¿ xfd|f dgdf rln/xG5g\ . h] xfdL /f]K5f“}+ ToxL g} xfdLnfO{ lkmtf{ x'G5 .
hLjgsf] ;"q 5– h] xfdL ˆofFS5f}+ ToxL g} xfdLn] lkmtf{ kfpF5f}+“ . rf/}lt/af6 xfdLn] ˆofFs]sf
k|ltWjlg g} lkmtf{ x'G5g\ . nfdf] ;dosf] cGt/fnkl5 lkmtf{ kfpg] x'gfn] To;a]nf xfdLnfO{ cfkm"n]
u/]sf s[Tosf] ;Demgf klg x'Fb}g .
xfdLn] u/]sf] ufnL, 3[0ff, lt/:sf/, ckdfg cflb ;a} Jofh;lxt Ps g Ps lbg xfdLnfO{ g}
lkmtf{ x'G5g\ . xfdL sdhf]/ JolQm b]Vg] lalQs} p;nfO{ ckdfg ug{ vf]H5f“}+, p;n] tTsfn hjfkm
lbof] eg] lx;fa lstfa a/fa/ x'G5 cGoyf Tof] s'g} g s'g} lbg s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf lkmtf{ x'G5 . oxfF
a]lx;fa s]xL klg 5}g . xfdL cfˆgf] zq' cfkm}+“ x'G5f}+“ eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . cfˆgf] zq' cfkm}+“ x'g]
JolQm gfl:ts xf] . cfˆgf] ldq aGg g;Sg] JolQm c¿sf] klg ldq aGg ;Sb}g . hf] cfˆgf] b'vsf]
cfwf/ cfkm}+ aG5, pm c¿sf b'vsf] klg cfwf/ aG5 . zq'tfsf] ;"Id t/Ëx¿ xfdL cfkm“}+n] k}bf
u5f}+{ / Tof] g} k}mnG5 . Tof] k}mlnPsf] ;"Id t/Ësf cg';f/ g} xfdLn] kmn ef]Ug'k5{ . xfdLn] af]n]sf
v/fa zAbn] slt b'ik|efj kf5{ Tof] sNkgf klg ug{ ;lsGg .
a'4 cfˆgf leIf'x¿nfO{ x/If0f af6fdf e]l6Psf JolQm jf j:t'x¿k|lt dËnefj /fVg
;'emfpg' x'GYof] . a'4n] j[If, kxf8, kl/lrt–ckl/lrt JolQm hf] / h] e]l6P klg pgLx¿sf] dËnsf]
sfdgf ug{ eGg'x'GYof] . leIf'n] o;af6 s] kmfObf x'g ;S5 eg]/ ;f]w]sf] hjfkmdf a'4 eGg'x'G5–
klxnf] t ltdLnfO{ c¿ s;}n] ufnL ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt x'Fb}g . csf]{ cdËn s'/f ;f]Rg] km';{b ldNb}g /
ltd|f] ;d:t zlQm dËnsf] lbzfdf lgof]lht x'G5 . bf];|f] ha ltdL s;}sf k|lt dËnsf] sfdgf
u5f}{ ta p;leq klg dËnefj hfu[t x'G5 / Tof] dËnsf] k|ltWjlg ltdLkl§ kmls{G5 . ;Daf]wg jf
clejfbg ubf{ /fd /fd eGg] k|lqmof klg /fdsf] :d/0f xf] . af6fdf e]l6g] JolQm ckl/lrt eP klg
/fd egL ;Daf]wg ubf{ JolQmn] p;df /fdsf] k|ltdf b]Vg ;S5 . o; cj:yfdf z'esfdgf k|s6
ug'{sf ;fy} /fdsf] klg :d/0f x'GYof] . o;k|sf/sf] dËnsf] sfdgfn] xfdLleqsf] ;fy} c¿leqsf]
>]i7tfnfO{ klg dfly p7fpF5 . em'Sg'eGbf of] ;+;f/df >]i7 s'/f c¿ x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] em's]sf]
lz/n] g/fd|f] ;f]Rg} ;Sb}g .
hLjg Pp6f ;DaGw xf] / xfdL Tof] ;DaGwdf g} afFR5f}+“ . h;n] xfdLlt/ dËnefj lj:tf/
u5{ Tof] g} xfd|f] ldq xf] . cfkm"k|lt dª\unsf] efjn] el/Psf] JolQmn] ;a}sf] sNof0fsf] sfdgf
u5{ . c¿sf] ;'vsf] sfdgf ug]{ JolQm cfˆgf nflu klg ;'vsf] sfdgfn] g} el/G5 / cfˆgf] ldq
x'G5 . cfˆgf] ldq x'g' wfld{s x'g' xf] . pm :jod\nfO{ b'v lbg] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g . b'isd{sf sf/0fn]
xfdLn] hLjgdf af/Daf/ b'v kfPsf 5f“}+ . xfdL oGqjt\ e""n ul//xg] x'Fbf b'isd{sf] k'g/fj[lQ
ul//xG5f}+“ . cfˆgf] zq'tfk|lt ;hu ePdf ldqtfsf] cfwf/ aGg yfN5 .
lh;; Pp6f ufpFdf k'Ug'ePsf] lyof] . ToxfFsf :yfgLo kfb/L, lj;kx¿ hf] lh;;;Fu O{iof{n]
hNby]≤ pgLx¿n] lh;;nfO{ ckdfg ug]{ tfgfafgf a'Gg yfNy] . kfb/L / lj;kx¿ lstfa k9]/
hfGb5g\ . pgLx¿n] Pp6L Jolerfl/0fL :qLnfO{ ;dft]/ NofO{ lh;;sf ;fd' pkl:yt u/fP . ox'bL
wd{u|Gydf Jolerf/L JolQmnfO{ 9'Ëfn] xfg]/ dfg{'k5{ egL n]lvPsf] 5 . pgLx¿n] lh;;nfO{ cK7\of/f]
kfg{sf nflu wd{u|Gysf] k':ts / :qLnfO{ pgL;fd' NofP/ o:tf] cj:yfdf tkfO{ s] eGg'x'G5 egL
k|Zg u/] . lh;;sf] jrg 5– s;}n] ltdLnfO{ Pp6f ufnfdf yKk8 xfGof] eg] csf]{ ufnf klg yfk
/ sf]6 vf]:g cfP eg] p;nfO{ sldhx¿ klg b]pm, cfˆgf zq'x¿nfO{ klg k|]d u/ . lh;;n]

nf]suLtf– 216
 cWofo–^
dlxnfnfO{ dfkm ul/lbFbf wd{zf:qsf] lgGbf jf ckdfg x'g] / To;af6 pxfF c/fhs jf gfl:ts
sxlng] kSsf lyof] eg] ;hfo lbFbf pxfFsf] :jefj ljk/Lt x'g] cj:yf lyof] .
lh;;n] wd{zf:qsf] ;+/If0f ub}{ eGg'eof]– ToxfF pNn]v ePcg';f/ Jolerf/LnfO{ 9'Ëfn] xfg]/
dfg]{ jrg l7s xf] t/ 9'Ëf ToxL JolQmn] dfq xfGg ;S5 h;n] slxNo} Jolerf/ sd{ u/]sf] 5}g jf
Jolerf/sf af/]df slxNo} ;f]r]sf] klg 5}g . pxfFsf] of] lg0f{o ;'g]kl5 ;a} kfb/L / lj;kx¿
la:tf/} ToxfFaf6 ufoa eP . tL dlxnfn] lh;;nfO{ elgg\– d Jolerfl/0fL x'F t;y{ dnfO{ xh'/n] g}
;hfo lbg'xf];\ . lh;;n] d s;}sf] lg0ff{os aGg ;lSbgF / s;}nfO{ cfˆgf] lg0ff{os agfpg klg
rfxGgF eGg'eof] . lh;;sf] jrg 5– ltdL s;}sf] lg0ff{os gag / ltd|f] lg0ff{os klg sf]xL
gag"g\ . ltdL :jod\n] cfkm"nfO{ Jolerfl/0fL :jLsf/ ul/;s]kl5 ltdL :jtM kfkaf6 d'Qm eof} .
:jLs[lt d'lQm xf] / c:jLs[ltdf kfk n's]sf] x'G5 . xfdL h'g Jojxf/ c¿af6 gxf]cf];\ eGg]
rfxG5f“}+, ToxL Jojxf/ c¿nfO{ ug]{ xs klg xfdL;Fu x'Fb}g . lh;;sf] gofF afOansf] ;f/ Pp6} 5
Tof] xf] h'g Jojxf/ c¿n] ltdLnfO{ gu¿g\ eGg] rfxG5f} Tof] Jojxf/ c¿;Fu klg gu/ . of] jfSo
a'‰g ;Sof}+ eg] s[i0fsf] ;"q /fd|/L a'‰g ;S5f}+ . of] Pp6f ;'vb ;+of]u xf] ls s[i0fsf sltko
jfSosf JofVof afOandf kfOG5g\ / afOandf elgPsf sltko jfSosf] JofVof uLtfdf kfOG5 .
s'/fgsf sltko jfSosf] JofVof j]bdf / j]bsf dGqsf] JofVof df]xDdbaf6 ePsf] 5 . a'4sf
jrgsf] kfngf / JofVof rLgdf ePsf] 5 eg] rLgsf nfpT;'sf] jrgsf] JofVof sla/n] u/]sf 5g\ .
wfld{s ;Dk|bfon] kvf{n v8f ul/lbP klg logLx¿sf lar cfGtl/s ;"qsf] ;DaGw /x]sf] 5 .
h;sf] :d/0f xfdLdf 5}g / sltko cj:yfdf o;sf] ckJofVof klg ul/Psf] 5, cGoyf dlGb/ /
dl:hbsf egfOdf s'g} e]b 5}g . h;n] hfg] klg ;To, ;To g} xf] . pgLx¿n] cnu–cnu 7fpFdf
cnu–cnu efiffdf cf–cfˆgf 9Ën] cleJoQm u/]sf dfq x'g\ .
cfkm" g} cfˆgf] ldq / zq' klg xf] . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k|To]s dg'ion] cfˆgf] dgsf]
;xof]u lnP/ cfk"mnfO{ o; ;+;f/af6 p4f/ u/f];\, dg ljifodf cf;Qm eP/ hLjnfO{ ktg x'g
gb]cf];\ lsgeg] dg'io cfk"m g} cfˆgf] ldq / zq' klg xf] . zq' x'g ;bf ;lhnf] 5 t/ ldq aGg
l;Ëf] hLjg klg kof{Kt 5}g . ldqtf 7'nf] ;fwgf xf], To;df klg cfkm";Fusf] ldqtf emg\ sl7g
x'G5 . hf] cfkm"nfO{ k|]d u5{ p;sf] hLjgdf g/fd|f s'/fx¿ l6Sg ;Sb}gg\ . qmf]w t cfkm"nfO{ cfkm}+n]
cfuf] nufpg' xf] . c¿;Fu ldqtf sfod /fVg ;lhnf] 5 lsgeg] Tof] b[Zo ePsfn] tTsfn
b]lvG5 . cfkm";Fusf] ldqtf t cb[Zodf ug{'k5{ . xfdL cfkm"nfO{ k|]d ub}{gf}+“ . olb cfkm"nfO{ k|]d
u/]sf] eP olt w]/} dfgl;s ;d:of jf cfTdxTofsf 36gf x'g] g} lyPgg\ . lrlsT;sx¿sf cg';f/
;+;f/df ;Q/L k|ltzt dfgl;s /f]uL 5g\ . xfdL ;a} cfkm"nfO{ g} b'v, kL8f lbO/x]sf 5f“}+ /
cfkm“}+nfO{ 3[0ff u5f}{+ .
PsIf0f klg xfdL g/fd|f] sfo{ ug{af6 /f]lsof}+“ eg] b'isd{ x'g} ;Sb}g . cfˆgf] ldq ToxL xf]
h;n] cz'enfO{ :ylut u/]/ z'esfo{sf] cf/De u5{ . cfˆgf] zq' ToxL xf] h;n] z'es[To :ylut
u/]/ cz'esd{ ;''?jft u5{ . hf] cfˆgf] ldq aG5 pm pmWj{ofqfdf lgl:sG5 . p;sf] ofqf lbof]sf]
k|sfz h:t} cfsfzlt/ x'G5 . of] dfly p7\g] r]tgf¿kL cfˆgf] ldq x'g' g} of]u xf] . >Ls[i0f
ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– of]u dËn xf] / o;af6 ;j{q z'e k|fKt x'G5 . cfTdf :jtGq 5≤ p;n] cfˆgf]
lxt / clxt b'j} ug{ ;S5 . clxt ug{ ;lhnf] 5 t/ lxt ug{ Hofb} sl7g 5 . hf] cfˆgf] ldq x'G5
pm cfkm“}+ hLjgdf d'lQmsf] cg'ej ug{ ;S5 . hf] cfˆgf] zq' x'G5, pm hLjgdf aGwgdf k5{ . of]
hLjgdf JolQmut ¿kdf cg'ej ug{'kg]{ ;"q xf] . s[i0fsf k|To]s zAb Pjd\ jfSo k|of]ufTds 5g\ .

nf]suLtf– 217
cWofo–^
Ps ;"q dfq k|of]u u¥of] eg] klg cfˆgf] hLjgsf] cd[t tŒjsf] af]w x'G5 . cfkm"leqsf zq'sf
sf/0f hLjg g} aaf{b x'G5 / oxL g} cfˆgf] b'vsf] sf/0f aG5 h;nfO{ xfdL d]/f] efUo, d]/f] lgolt
eG5f}+“ . lgolt klg xfdL cfkm“}n] lgdf{0f ug]{ xf] . xfdL olt :jtGq 5f“}+ ls :ju{ jf gs{ b'j}tk{m hfg
;S5f}+“ .
aGw'/fTdfTdg:t:o o]gfTd}jfTdgf lhtM .
cgfTdg:t' zq'Tj] jt]{tfTd}j zq'jt\ ..^..
h;n] dg, z/L/ / OlGb|odfly ljho kfPsf] 5 jf dgnfO{ cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf /fv]sf] 5 eg]
Tof] lgolGqt dg g} hLjfTdfsf] ldq xf] / h;sf] b]x Pjd\ OlG›onfO{ jzdf /flvPsf] 5}g To:tf]
clgolGqt dg g} hLjfTdfsf] zq' xf] ..
h;n] OlG›o, dg / z/L/nfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fv]sf] 5 Tof] cfˆgf] ldq xf] / OlG›o / z/L/dfly
h;sf] s'g} lgoGq0f 5}g Tof] cfˆgf] zq' xf] . ldqtf / zq'tfsf] bf];|f] cfofd >Ls[i0f atfpg'x'G5 .
z/L/ / OlG›o h;sf] lgoGq0fdf 5}g, h;sf] :jod\sf] s'g} cfjfh 5}g, hf] slxn] z/L/sf], slxn]
OlG›osf] / slxn] dgsf] s'/f dfGb5 t/ cfˆgf] :jtGq cfjfh 5}g eg] Tof] cfˆgf] zq' xf] . h:t}–
/y u'l8/x]sf] 5, /ysf] nufd 6'6]sf] 5, ;f/yL ;'lt/x]sf] 5 / ;a} 3f]8f cf–cfˆg} lbzfdf
bf}l8/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] l:yltdf /y / /yf/f]xLsf] h'g a]xfn x'G5 To:t} l:ylt xfd|f] x'G5 . xfd|f
OlG›ox¿ klg Ps csf{sf ljk/Lt sfd u5{g\ . xfdL b'j}sf s'/f dfG5f“}+ . xfd|f z/L/ / dg ljk/Lt
dfu u5{g\ . z/L/n] eG5 ca ckfRo x'G5, ef]hg k'Uof] t/ dg eG5 ld7f] 5 cem c¿ vfpmF≤ xfdL
b'j}sf] s'/f dfG5f“}+ . Ps sbd cl3, Ps sbd kl5, Ps sbd bfofF Ps sbd afofF rN5f}+“ . ljk/Lt
OlG›osf ljk/Lt s'/fx¿ xfdL dflg/x]sf 5f}+ . Ps hgfnfO{ xft hf]8]/ clejfbg u5f}{+ / ToxL
JolQmnfO{ leqaf6 ufnL klg u5f}{+ . dg vl08t 5 / vl08t OlG›o vl08t dgnfO{ ;dft]/ a;]sf]
5 . leq sf]xL dflns gePsf]n] xfd|f] cfTdf ;'lt/xG5 . xfdL OlG›osf cfjfh dfq ;'G5f}+, cfTdfsf]
cfjfh xfdLn] slxNo} ;'g]sf 5}gf}“+ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] bzf zq'tfsf] bzf xf] . v08–v08df afFl8Psf] dg / OlG›osf]
cfjfhdf xfdL k"/f blaPsf 5f“}+ . hgfj/nfO{ bfDnfn] afFw] h:t} OlG›on] xfdLnfO{ tfGb5 . hf]
cfˆgf] OlG›osf] / z/L/sf] dflns aGg ;S5 Tof] cfˆgf] ldq xf] . hf] OlG›o / z/L/sf] jzdf x'G5
Tof] cfˆgf] zq' xf] . xfdLn] slxNo} cfkm"nfO{ OlG›odflysf] dflns jf :jfdLsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5}gf}+“ .
xfdLnfO{ ktgsf] af6f]df n}hfg] hgg]lG›ox¿ x'g\ lsgeg] logLx¿ zlQmzfnL x'G5g\ . h;n] cfˆgf]
sfd]lG›onfO{ lgoGq0f jf jzdf /fVg ;S5 p;nfO{ sfdzlQmn] g} :ju{sf] åf/;Dd k'¥ofpF5 . ha
xfdL sfd]lG›osf] bf; aG5f“}+ ta p;n] xfdLnfO{ vfN8f]df hflslbG5 . ha sfd]lG›o xfd|f] jzdf
x'G5 ta Tof] a|Xdro{sf] dfu{af6 a|Xddf k'Ug ;lsG5 .
OlG›odfly lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sg] dg ldq x'G5 cGoyf zq' x'G5 . ;an cj:yfdf g} OlG›onfO{
lhTg'k5{ cGoyf a[4fj:yfdf sfd]lG›odfly ljho kfPF eGg' xf:of:kb x'G5 . hf] cfkm"nfO{
OlG›oeGbf leGg hfGb5, pm dfq OlG›osf] dflns x'g ;S5 . cfFvfn] b]Vg] eGg'sf] cy{ r]tgfn]
b]Vg' xf], cfFvfn] xf]Og . r]tgf h'g OlG›odf s]lG›t x'G5 ToxL s'/f OlG›on] ug{ ;S5 . Wofg
dflns xf], OlG›o t pks/0f dfq xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] OlG›o / z/L/sf] dflns x'G5, pm
cfˆgf] ldq xf] . To; cj:yfdf p;sf] OlG›on] ToxL u5{ hf] p;sf] lxtdf x'G5 . OlG›ox¿;Fu
cfˆg} xfdf]{gsf] ;ª\u|x x'G5 . k|To]s OlG›on] xfdLnfO{ sfd u/fO/xG5g\ . xfdL p;sf] wSsf
cg';f/ sfd u5f}{+ . ha xfd|f] sfd]lG›odf jLo{ hDdf x'G5, ta xfdLnfO{ sfdft'/ x'gsf nflu bafa

nf]suLtf– 218
 cWofo–^
jf wSsf k|fKt x'G5 . UNofG8n] wSsf lbg nfUof] eg] of] ;lqmo eof] eGg] a'‰g'k5{ . OlG›osf]
;+/rgfn] oL sfd ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] af]w ePdf / d o;af6 k[ys\ 5' eGg] 1fg eof] eg] xfdL
OlG›osf dflns x'g] 5f}+ . xfdL dflns x'Fbf OlG›o xfd|f ldq x'G5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– xfdL
dflns x'g ;s] OlG›o :jtM ldq aG5g\ cGoyf tL zq' x'G5g\ .
lhtfTdgM k|zfGt:o k/dfTdf ;dflxtM .
zLtf]i0f;'vb'Mv]if' tyf dfgfkdfgof]M ..&..
h;n] cfˆgf] dgnfO{ lht]sf] 5≤ udL{–hf8f], ;'v–b'v tyf dfg–ckdfgdf h;sf] dg cyf{t\
cGt:s/0f z'4 / zfGt ePsf] 5 To:tf] :jfwLg cfTdfjfnf k'?ifsf] 1fgdf ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdf
;Dos\ k|sf/n] l:yt x'G5 cyf{t\ p;sf] 1fgdf k/dfTdfl;jfo c¿ s]xL x'bF }g ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;'v–b'v, ?lr–c?lr, dfg–ckdfg, ;kmntf–c;kmntf / hLjgsf ;d:t
åGåx¿df h;sf] cGt:s/0f z'4 5, cfGtl/s l:ylt 8fdf8f]n 5}g, h;sf] cGtZr]tgfsf] Hof]lt
hlt;'s} xfjf x'G8/Ldf klg slDkt x'Fb}g, hf] lglj{sf/ efjn] cg'låUg, cg'r]li6t eP/ leq zfGt
alg/xG5 o:tf] r]tgfsf] dlGb/df k/d;Qf lj/fhdfg x'G5 . ljk/Lt cj:yf ;kmntf–c;kmntf,
dfg–ckdfg cflbdf klg o:tf] JolQmleq s]xL cGt/ x'Fb}g . o:tf] JolQmdf 36gf ;a} aflx/ 36\5
/ leqaf6 pm c:klz{t x'G5 . xfdL b'v Pjd\ ;'vdf klg plåUg x'G5f}+“ / xfdL leqsf] r]tgfsf]
Hof]lt slDkt x'G5 . ;'vdf JolQm pQ]lht x'G5 / b'vdf plåUg x'G5 . jf:tjdf JolQm ;'vdf
;+nUg ePsf sf/0fn] pQ]lht x'G5 . To:t} b'vdf cfkm"nfO{ ;+nUg ugf{sf] sf/0fn] b'vL x'G5 . b'v
/ ;'vdf xfdL o;af6 cnu /xg ;Sb}gf“}+ / logLx¿;Fu xfd|f] tfbfTDo x'G5 .
;'v / b'v lbg / /ft h:t} lg/Gt/ cfpF5g\ / hfG5g\ t/ leqsf] r]tgfnfO{ s;}n] klg 5'g
;Sb}g . oL ;a} aflx/ 36\g] 36gf dfq x'g\ . leq t csDkgLo, c6n Pjd\ ckl/jt{gLo r]tgf 5
hf] g b'vn] b'vL x'G5 g t ;'vdf pQ]lht x'G5 . leqsf] r]tgf cljrlnt /xG5 . of] cnu hfGg]
r]tgfsf] cj:yf g} of]u xf] . o:tf] csDkgLo Pjd\ c:klz{t r]tgfdf g} k/d;Qf lj/fhdfg
x'g'x'G5 . r]tgfsf] olb kbfy{;Fu tfbfTDo ePdf ;+;f/sf af/]df hfgsf/L x'G5 / k[ys\ eP/ /x]df
k/dfTdfsf] hut\sf af/]df hfgsf/L x'G5 . xfdL lardf plePsf 5f}+ . otf ;+;f/ / ptf k/dfTdf
5 . ha;Dd xfd|f] b[li6 ;+;f/;Fu cf;Qm x'G5, ta;Dd k/dfTdfsf] ;+;f/ b]lvFb}g . ha ;+;f/af6
k[ystfsf] af]w x'G5, cgfof; g} k/dfTdfsf] åf/ v'N5 . kbfy{lt/sf] tfbfTDosf] b[li6 kl/jt{g
x'g]lalQs} k/dfTdflt/ b[li6 km]l/G5 . Tof] k/dfTdf ;bf xfdLleq cjl:yt 5 t/ xfd|f] b[li6 dfq
p;lt/ 5}g . xfdL lardf plePsf] x'Fbf e|fGt 5f} / of] e|flGt cr]tg dgaf6 k}bf eO/x]sf] 5 .
e|flGt xfdLnfO{ b'vaf6 xf]Og ls ;'vaf6 k}bf x'G5 lsgeg] ;'v d xf]Og eg]/ dfGg xfdL tof/
5}gf“}+ . ;'vaf6 of] e|flGt tf]8]kl5 dfq k[ystfsf] cg'ej x'g ;S5 .
;'vaf6 5'6fpg] ljlw wd{ xf] . hf] ;'vaf6 5'6\5 pm b'vaf6 klg 5'6\5 . hf] ;'vaf6 geO{
b'vaf6 dfq 5'6\g vf]H5, pm b'vaf6 slxNo} 5'6\g} ;Sb}g . ;'v b'vs} g} ¿k xf] . x/]s ;'vdf b'v
n's]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] ;'vdf xf];k"0f{ geO{sg JolQm ;'v–b'vaf6 d'Qm x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] ;'v
k|f/De / b'v cGTo xf] . olb JolQm ;'vdf ;hu /Xof] eg] b'vdf klg ;xhtfk"j{s kf/ x'g ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;'v / b'vdf cljrlnt /xg] JolQm :jfwLg x'G5 . o;df ;dtfefj /fVg ;Sg]
JolQmnfO{ b'lgofFsf s'g} tfutn] klg k/fwLg agfpg ;Sb}gg\ . ;'v–b'vdf slDkt x'g] JolQm
hlxNo} klg bf; x'G5 . ;'v–b'vdf pQ]lht / xtf]T;fxL x'g]n] k/dfTdf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . ;'vnfO{
cg'ejaf6 hfGg ;lsG5 .

nf]suLtf– 219
cWofo–^
1fglj1fgt[KtfTdf s"6:yf] ljlht]lG›oM .
o'Qm OTo'Rot] of]uL ;dnf]i6fZdsf~rgM ..*..
hf] 1fg / lj1fgåf/f k"0f{ ¿kn] ;Gt'i6 5, h;n] ef}lts OlG›odfly ljho xfl;n u/]sf] 5,
hf] ljsf//lxt 5, h;n] df6f]–9'Ëf / ;'gnfO{ ;dfg 7fG5 jf j:t'k|ltsf] cf;lQmnfO{ Tofu]sf] x'G5
To:tf] cfTd;\fIffTsf/ u/]sf] of]uLnfO{ o'Qm cyf{t\ eujt\k|fKt ePsf] dflgG5 ..
o; Znf]sdf 1fg–lj1fgaf6 hf] t[Kt 5 elgPsf] 5 . :jod\nfO{ hfGg' 1fg / k/nfO{ hfGg'
lj1fg xf] . lj1fgsf] cy{ c¿nfO{ hfGg] Joj:yf / 1fgsf] cy{ :jod\nfO{ hfGg] cj:yf xf] . o;
Znf]ssf] cfzo 1fgL JolQm 1fgdf pknAw eP/ ;d:t lj1fgnfO{ hfGb5 eGg] geP/ o;sf] cy{
cfTdf ;d:t 1fg–lj1fgaf6 t[Kt ePsf] 5 eGg] xf] . hLjgaf6 s't"xntf ;dfKt ePsf] cj:yf g}
lj1fgaf6 t[Kt x'g] cj:yf xf] . ;fgf] pd]/df s't"xntf jf lh1f;f w]/} p7\5g\ . s], s;/L / lsg
eGg] k|Zg ;fgf] pd]/df g} hlGdG5 . ;dfhdf x'g] s't"xntfsf] sf/0fn] lj1fgsf] hGd x'G5 .
klZrddf w]/} lh1f;f x'g] x'Fbf ToxfF lh1f;fsf] sf/0fn] lj1fgsf] hGd ePsf] 5 . ;a} s'/f hfg]kl5
dfq s't"xntf d]l6G5 eGg] nfUg' unt xf] lsgeg] cfTd;\fIffTsf/ geO{ s't"xntf d]l6Fb}g . 1fg
lj1fgn] t[Kt eGg'sf] cy{ h;sf] s't"xntf jf lh1f;f ;dfKt ePsf] 5 eGg] xf] .
afnaflnsfx¿ cg]sg k|sf/sf s't"xntf JoQm ub{5g\, h:tf] ls kft lsg xl/of] 5, ;"o{
lsg pbfpF5, cfsfzdf tf/fx¿ lsg 5g\ cflb . k|f}9 JolQm eG5g\– xl/of]sf] ;§f kx]+nf] kft ePsf]
eP klg pgLx¿ lsg eGg] k|Zg ;f]Wy] . k|f}9x¿df of] s't"xntf x'Fb}g . To;}n] t k|f}9 ;dfhn]
lj1fgnfO{ hGd glbP/ wd{nfO{ hGdfof] . k/dfTdfsf] c;LldttfnfO{ xfd|f] ;Lldt 1fgn] hfGg
c;Dej x'G5 . ;a} pQ/ k|of]ufTds x'g\ . To;}n] j}1flgssf ;a} pQ/x¿ ;doqmddf km/s km/s
cfpF5g\ . k|f}9 hfGb5g\ ls ;a} pQ/ dg'ioåf/f lgld{t x'g\ lsgeg] cl:tTj lg?Ql/t 5 . To;}n] t
cl:tTj /x:ofTds 5 . x/]s pQ/n] gofF s't"xntf k}bf u5{ . h;n] cl:tTjsf] /x:onfO{ hfg]/
k|Zg ug{ 5f]8\5 o:tf] k|Zg/lxt cj:yfdf JolQm 1fg lj1fgaf6 t[Kt x'G5 h'g k|f}9 JolQmsf]
cj:yf xf] . k|Zg g} afFsL g/x]kl5 lrQ df}g / zfGt x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf lrQ hLjgsf] /x:osf]
dfu{lt/ nfUb5 / gjhLjg k|fKt x'G5 . lj1fgsf] 9Ë ;f]w]/ hfGg] xf] eg] 1fg / wd{sf] 9Ë g;f]w]/
hfGg] xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fg lj1fgaf6 hf] t[Kt x'G5 pm k|f}9 dflgG5 / p;df s'g} s't"xntf
afFsL /xFb}g . k|f}9tf k|fKt ePkl5 s'g} k|Zg / pQ/ x'Fb}g, s]jn df}gtf / zflGt dfq x'G5 .
bz{gzf:q / wd{df oxL cGt/ 5 . bfz{lgs k|Zgsf] jiff{ u/fpF5g\, To;}n] o; cy{df pgLx¿ a[4
afns x'g\ . k|Zg / pQ/df hut\sf] jf:tljstf 5n{ª\luFb}g . bfz{lgsx¿ s't"xntfn] el/Psf
JolQm x'g\ . k|f}9 JolQmx¿ rflxF j:t'sf] :jefj g} o:tf] x'G5 eGg] dfGb5g\ . cfuf] tftf] x'G5 /
kfgL lr;f] x'G5 . tftf] / lr;f] j:t'sf] u'0f / :jefj xf] . x/]s j:t'sf] :jefj x'G5 . 1fgL
:jefjsf af/]df hfGg' g} kof{Kt 5 eGb5g\ . dxfjL/n] eGg'ePsf] 5– j:t'sf] :jefj hfGg' g} wd{
xf] . o:tf] ta ;Dej x'G5 ha 1fg–lj1fgsf af/]df hfGg] lh1f;f IfL0f x'G5 . h;n] cl:tTjnfO{
:jLsf/ u/]/ To;af/] ;f]Rg 5f]8\5, p;n] d lj/f6\ ;fu/sf] Pp6f nx/ x'F eGg] hfGb5 . To;}n] df}g
/xL ulx/fOdf 8'a]/ cl:tTjsf af/]df cfkm} hfGg' cg'ejaf6 hfGg' xf] . hfGg] JolQmx¿ s] eG5g\
eg] cg'ejsf] kmlnt kl/0ffddf JolQm k/dfTdft'No x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fsf] d}n] g} o:tf] elg/x]sf] 5' eGg] s'g} bfaL 5}g . h;n] klg hfg]sf 5g\ pgLx¿n]
klg o:t} elg/x]sf 5g\, o:tf] d}n] g} elg/x]sf] 5' egL pxfF eGg'x'Gg . pxfF t 1fgn] o:tf] eG5

nf]suLtf– 220
 cWofo–^
eGg'x'G5 . 1fgdf JolQm /xFb}g t;y{ s[i0fsf] egfO 1fgsf] syg xf] . ;d:t åGå / lh1f;faf6
d'Qm / s't"xntfljxLg JolQm k/dfTdfdf k|fKt x'G5 . o:t} k|f}9, lgå{Gå Pjd\ ;da'l4 lrQjfnf
cslDkt, c6n JolQm g} k/dfTdfdf k|fKt x'G5 .
;'ÅlGdqfo{'bf;LgdWo:yå]ioaGw'if' .
;fw'ijlk r kfk]if' ;da'l4lj{lziot] ..(..
lg:jfy{ eO{ k/f]ksf/ ug]{ JolQm≤ ldq, zq', t6:y jf dWo:ystf{ JolQm Pjd\ O{iof{n'
aGw'afGwj, ;fw'x¿ / kfkLhgx¿k|lt klg ;defj /fVg ;Sg] JolQm ;j{>]i7 dflgG5 ..
;da'l4 ;Dk"0f{ of]usf] ;f/ xf] . cl3Nnf Znf]sx¿df >Ls[i0fn] cnu–cnu af6f]af6 ;dtf
a'l4¿kL dlGb/df k|j]z ug]{ dfu{ atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . o; Znf]sdf ;dtf a'l4sf af/]df csf]{
lbzfaf6 atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . leGg leGg k|j[lQsf dflg;x¿sf ?lr / cj:yfsf sf/0f ;dtfa'l4sf
af/]df klg pxfFn] km/s km/s dfu{ pNn]v ug{'ePsf] xf] . s;}nfO{ ;da'l4 ;fWg ;'v / b'vsf]
lardf /x]/ cl3 a9\g ;xh x'g ;S5 eg] csf{ k|j[lQsf dflg;x¿nfO{ of] dfu{eGbf km/s wf/
pko'Qm nfUg ;S5 lsgeg] dflg;x¿sf ;+j]bgzLntf km/s km/s x'G5g\ . s;}sf nflu ;'v / b'v
eGbf oz / ckoz dxŒjk"0f{ x'g ;S5 . Pp6f JolQm oz sdfpg / ckozaf6 aRg ;a} k|sf/sf
b'v em]Ng tof/ x'g ;S5 . t;y{ åGå / ?lr cg';f/sf] dfu{ 5gf]6 u/L ;da'l4df l:y/ /xg'k5{ .
s'g} dflg;nfO{ oz Pjd\ ckozeGbf klg ldqtf / zq'tfsf] d"No ef/L x'g ;S5 . To;}n]
pgLx¿nfO{ ldqtf / zq'tfsf lardf ;da'l4nfO{ ;fWg'kg]{ x'G5 . h'g åGå cyf{t\ dfu{ cfkm"nfO{
pko'Qm nfU5 To;sf] 5gf]6 ug{'k5{ .
k|To]s JolQmn] ;'v–b'v, dfg–ckdfg, k|]d–3[0ff, ;DkGgtf–lgw{gtf, 1fg–c1fg, zflGt–
czflGt, ldq–zq', oz–ckoz cflbdWo] Pssf] klxrfg ug{'k5{ . cfˆgf] åGå s] xf] To;sf] klxrfg
u/]/ lardf /xg' g} ;dtf a'l4df k|fKt x'g] dfu{ xf] . csf{sf] åGådf ;defj /fVg ;lhnf] x'G5 t/
cfˆgf] åGådf ;d x'g ;Sg' a'l4dfgL xf] . o; k|;Ëdf s[i0f ldq / zq'df ;defj sfod /fVg'eGbf
wg / lgw{gdf ;da'l4 sfod /fVg ;lhnf] x'g] s'/f atfpg'x'G5 lsgeg] wg lghL{j j:t' xf] . oz
/ ckozdf klg ;dtf pknAw ug{ sl7g x'Fb}g lsgeg] oL klg cfˆgf lghL s'/f x'g\ t/ ldq /
zq'sf lardf ;dtf efj /fVg' r'gf}tL g} x'G5 lsgeg] o;df csf]{ JolQm klg ;lDdlnt x'G5 . of]
lghL ljifo dfq xf]Og . zq' / ldq b'j} h8 geP/ r]tg / cfkm"h:t} w/ftndf plePsf JolQm
x'g\ . To;}n] o;df ;defj /fVg sl7g x'G5 . >Ls[i0f h;n] ldq / zq'df ;defj sfod /fVg
;S5 To;nfO{ of]uL eGg'x'G5 .
cfˆgf] :jfy{ kl/k"lt{ ug{ s;}sf] klg zf]if0f gug]{ JolQm ldq / o;sf nflu h'g;'s} :t/sf]
unt sfd ug]{ JolQm zq' xf] . o:tf] zf]if0f gug]{ JolQmn] g} zq' / ldqdf ;defj /fVg ;S5 .
cfˆgf nflu cg's"n JolQm ldq xf] eg] k|lts"n lsQfdf pleg] / cfˆgf] sfddf afwf pTkGg ug]{
JolQm zq' xf] . To;}n] cfhsf] zq' ef]ln ldq aGg ;S5 / cfhsf] ldq ef]ln zq' klg x'g ;S5 .
olb xfd|f] :jfy{ 5 eg] xfdL ;defj /fVg ;Sb}gf“}+ / :jfy{ 5}g eg] dfq ldq / zq'sf lar ;defj
/fVg ;S5f}+“ . h;n] lhGbuLnfO{ sfd xf]Og gf6s jf ;kgf 7fGb5 To:tf JolQmn] dfq ldq /
zq'sf lardf ;defj /fVg ;S5g\ . o;sf] cy{ lgliqmo /xg' eGg] xf]Og, a? sd{ u/]/ To;
sd{k|ltsf] cxª\sf/ / cf;lQm TofUg' eg]sf] xf] . o:tf] cj:yfdf sfddf ;xfotf lbg] JolQmnfO{
wGojfb lbOG5 / sfddf afwf lbg] JolQmnfO{ klg wGojfb g} lbOG5 . k/dfTdf h] sfd d af6
lng rfxG5 ToxL sfd ug{sf nflu d afFr]sf] 5' / p;s} OR5f adf]lhdsf] sd{ ub{5' . o:tf] OR5f

nf]suLtf– 221
cWofo–^
/fVg] JolQmsf] s'g} sd{k|lt cfu|x g} /xFb}g / ldq tyf zq'sf lardf klg s'g} e]befj /xFb}g .
sfdk|lt df]x /fVg] / ;+;f/df s]xL u/]/ dfq hfg rfxg] dg'ion] g} zq' / ldqsf] lgdf{0f u5{g\ .
o:tf JolQmn] ;defj sfod /fVg ;Sb}gg\ . c¿af6 k|]dsf] rfxgf g/fVg] JolQmn] dfq ;defj
sfod ug{ ;S5 . k|foM xfdL ;a}df d[To'ko{Gt k|]d kfpg] OR5f sfod g} /xG5 . ;–;fgf afn–
aflnsfx¿b]lv j[4–j[4f;Dd ;a}df k|]dsf] cfsfª\Iff x'G5 . k|]d lrQsf] ef]hg xf] h;sf] cefj
dflg;n] sNkgf klg ug{ ;Sb}g . ha;Dd k|]dsf] h?/t k5{, ta;Dd ldq / zq'df ;dtf sfod
x'g ;Sb}g .
xfdL s;}nfO{ k|]d u5f}{+ / To;sf] ;§f p;af6 klg k|]d rfxG5f“}+ eg] Tof] k|]d xf]Og, nufgL
xf] . ha;Dd k|]d kfpg] cfsfª\Iff /xG5, ta;Dd JolQm k|f}9 x'Fb}g, Tof] afns g} x'G5 . ljgf k|]d
afFRg ;Sg] JolQm dfq k|f}9 x'G5 . k|]dsf] ck]Iff g/fVg] JolQmn] dfq c¿nfO{ k|]d lbg ;S5 . xfdL
;a} k|]dsf] ;§fdf k|]d rfxG5f}+“ . kltkTgL, afa'cfdf, ;Gtfg ;a}sf larsf] k|]dsf] cfwf/ oxL /x]sf]
5 . hxfF / h'g ;dfhdf k|]d lkmtf{ kfOFb}g ToxfF s's'/ jf hgfj/ kfNg] k|j[lQ a9L x'G5 . Tof] k|]d
lkmtf{ kfpg] Pp6f af6f] dg'ion] vf]h]sf] xf] . k|]d dfUg] JolQm zq' / ldqsf] lardf ;da'l4 sfod
/fVg ;Sb}g . k|]dsf] dfu ug]{ cj:yf kf/ ul/;s]sf] JolQm ;da'l4df k|fKt x'G5 . pm k|]d dfUb}g
t/ k|]d lbg ;dy{ x'G5 . p;n] ldq / zq' b'j}nfO{ k|]d lbg ;S5 . ha JolQm k|]dn] el/G5, ta pm
dflns x'G5 . p;df lng] OR5f /xFb}g s]jn lbg] OR5f dfq z]if /xG5 . o:tf] JolQm ldq / zq'sf]
lardf e]b gu/L ;defjdf k|fKt x'G5≤ ;a}nfO{ k|]d u5{ t/ k|]d lkmtf{ dfu ub}{g . k|]d hlt afF8]
klg 36\b}g . dgn] h;af6 k|]d lkmtf{ kfOFb}g, To;nfO{ zq' / h;af6 k|]d lkmtf{ kfOG5 To;nfO{
ldq dfGb5 . ldq / zq'df ;dtf efj /fVg ;s]df To:tf] JolQm of]udf k|ltli7t x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ zq' / ldqsf] lardf ;defj hufP/ of]udf k|ltli7t x'g ;'emfpg' x'G5 .
ch{'gsf nflu of] ;"q pkof]uL x'g ;S5 . ch{'gnfO{ cfkmGthg, ldqnfO{ df/]/ kfpg] /fHo–j}ej
Joy{ nfUof] . Iflqosf nflu ldq / lk|ohgsf] d"No w]/} x'G5 / ch{'g ToxL eGb} 5g\ . ch{'g lrGtf /
;Gtfkdf plePsf 5g\ . >Ls[i0fsf] of] egfO ch{'gsf ldq / zq'larsf] ;defjsf nflu ljz]if
dxŒjsf] 5 . o;sf] tfTko{ o'4df sf] ldq / sf] zq' xf] lkmqmL gu/L t6:y eP/ o'4 ug{'k5{ eGg]
xf] . pxfF ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– oL b'j}sf lardf t6:y eP/ sf] ldq / zq', eGg] lrGtf gu/L o'4
u/ . ch{'g o'4af6 efUg rfxG5g\ . pgsf ;a} lh1f;f gsf/fTds 5g\ t/ s[i0fsf] ;f/f lzIff
;sf/fTds 5 . ch{'g t s]jn ;Gtfkaf6 aRg] pkfo dfq rfxGy] t/ s[i0f ch{'gsf] lrGtfsf]
lkmqmL gu/L pgnfO{ lglZrGt u/fO{ of]uf¿9 agfpg rfxg'x'G5 . olb ch{'g of]uL eP/ o'4df plqP
eg] dfq Tof] o'4 wd{o'4 aGg ;S5 .
o'4 ;b}j wd{ / cwd{sf lardf g} x'G5 . >Ls[i0f cgf}7f] k|of]u ub}{ o; dxfef/t o'4nfO{
wd{ o'4 agfpg] k|of;df x'g'x'G5 . To;sf nflu pxfF ch{'gnfO{ o'4df k|j]z x'g'cl3 g} ;dtfa'l4df
l:y/ x'Fb} of]uL eP/ o'4 ug{ lzIff k|bfg ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL ;da'l4df
/x]/, cfkmGt–k/fO{sf larsf] e]bnfO{ Tofu]/ zq'–ldqsf] lardf t6:y /x]/ o'4 u/ . s] kmn jf
kl/0ffd lgl:sG5 To;sf] lrGtf gu/ . sf] dnf{g\ / sf] afFRnfg\ ltdL To;sf] lkmqmL gu/ . hf] d/]
jf afFr] klg hGd–d[To'sf] lardf e]b gu/L o'4 u/ . ltdL ;dtfdf pknAw eP/ lrQ g8udufO{
slDkt geO{, cljrlnt / c6n ag]/ o'4 u/ . ;kmntf–c;kmntf, ljho–k/fho h] eP klg
o;nfO{ ;defjn] x]/ .

nf]suLtf– 222
 cWofo–^
o'4sf ;dodf of]uL agfpg] k|of; ;fdfGo geP/ sl7g ljifo xf] . ch{'g of]uL eP/ o'4df
plqo"g\ eGg] k|of; g} s[i0fsf] cgf}7f] / ;sf/fTds k|of; /x]sf] 5 . pxfF c;Dej k|of;nfO{ ;Dej
agfpg rfxg' x'G5 . pxfF ch{'gnfO{ g t ef]uL agfP/ o'4df ptfg{ rfxg'x'Gg, g t of]uL agfP/
hËn g} k7fpg rfxg'x'G5 . pxfF t ch{'gnfO{ of]uL agfP/ o'4df ;+nUg u/fpg rfxg'x'G5 . a'4
h:tf] eP/ af]wL j[Ifdf a:g sl7g 5}g t/ a'4 h:tf] Wofg:y eP/ o'4df xf]ldg' eg] c;Dej
k|of; xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f ;a} åf/ p3f/]/ ch{'gnfO{ k|sfz b]vfpg rfxg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
ldq–zq'sf] lardf ;da'l4 sfod u¥of} eg] ltdL of]udf k|fKt x'g] 5f} .
of]uL o'~hLt ;ttdfTdfg+ /xl; l:ytM .
PsfsL otlrQfTdf lg/fzL/kl/u|xM ..!)..
of]uLn] lgTo PsfGtdf PSn} a;]/ cf5gf] dg, OlGb|o / z/L/nfO{ jzdf /fvL aflx/L ef]u /
leqL ef]u Pjd\ cf;lQmnfO{ Tofu u/]/ cfTdfnfO{ k/dfTdfdf nufpg'kb{5 ..
jf;gf/lxt, ;ª\u|xd'Qm / ;defjdf k|fKt u/]sf] of]uL PsfGtdf k/dfTdfsf] :d/0f ub}{
k/d;Qfsf] lbzfdf pGd'v x'G5 . PsfGtdf k/dfTdfsf] Wofg ub{5 eGg] o; ;"qsf] unt JofVof
ePsf] 5 . To;}n] t ch{'g klg dnfO{ o'4af6 ljd'v x'g lbg'xf];\ / d klg PsfGtdf /x]/ k|e'sf]
:d/0f jf Wofg ug{ rfxG5' eG5g\ . >Ls[i0fn] aflx/sf] PsfGt:yfg eGg'ePsf] xf]Og cGoyf
ch{'gnfO{ knfog x'gaf6 /f]sL ;defjdf /x]/ o'4 u/ eGg' x'GgYof] .
>Ls[i0fsf] PsfGtsf] cy{ PsfGtjf; cyf{t\ PSnf]kg xf]Og PsfGtsf] cy{ :jod\df l:yt
eP/ k/lge{/ gx'g' xf] . PsfGtsf] cy{ bf];|f]sf] cg'kl:ylt xf]Og, PsfGtsf] cy{ bf];|f] JolQmsf]
pkl:yltsf] h?/t g} 5}g eGg] xf] . hËndf sf]xL ;Fu} geP/ PsfGtdf x'Fbf klg JolQm PsfGtdf
x'Fb}g / dgleqsf] 7'nf] le8;Fu} x'G5 . h;nfO{ 5f]8]/ hËn cfPsf] 5 Tof] le8 dgleq df}h'b x'G5 .
To;}n] hËndf dflg; PSn} eP klg PsfGtdf x'g ;Sb}g . s[i0fsf] PsfGtsf] cy{ leq Pp6} lrQ
xf];\ eGg] xf] . h;n] PsfGtsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt u5{ pm le8df /x]/ klg leqaf6 PsfGtdf x'g ;S5
lsgeg] le8 ;b}j aflx/ 5 / le8n] leq s'g} afwf ug{ ;Sb}g . leq :jod\sf] Ps} :j/ Pp6}
;ËLt ePsf] cfGtl/s PsfGtsf] s'/f >Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] xf] . le8af6 efu]/ hfg' ;fdfGo s'/f xf]
t/ leqsf] le8nfO{ lgsfn]/ PsfGtdf /xg' 7'nf] s'/f xf] . leqsf] /;sf] sf/0fn] g} le8 hDdf x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;defjdf k|fKt ePsf] JolQm l:y/ Pjd\ zfGt x'G5 / PsfGtdf k|e'sf]
Wofg u5{ . Åbosf] cGt/ u'kmf hxfF leq z"Gosf] :yfg 5, ToxfF afXo cfsfzeGbf klg lj/f6\
cfsfz df}h'b x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm Åbosf] cGt/ u'kmfdf /x]/ PsfGtdf l:yt x'Fb} k|e'sf] Wofg ub{5 .
k|e'sf] Wofg ToxL cGt/u'kmfdf dfq ug{ ;lsG5 . xfdL ;a}leq Pp6f cGt/ cfsfz x'G5 .
5fGbf]Uof]klgifb\df Åbosf] cGt/u'kmfsf af/]df atfOPsf] 5 hxfF JolQm jf:tjdf z'Go / PsfGtdf
x'G5 . h'g ;do JolQm cGt/u'kmfdf k|j]z u5{ To;} a]nfb]lv JolQm x6\g yfN5 / vfnL z"Go /
PsfGt dfq z]if /xG5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– JolQmdf cfkm" jf stf{kg afFlr/Xof] eg] PsfGt x'Fb}g . ha PsIf0f
stf{kg jf JolQm :jod\ x/fpF5, To;a]nf r}tGo dfq afFsL /xG5 . hxfF JolQm cfkm" /x]sf] yfxf
klg x'Fb}g, ToxfF s]jn x'g' dfq z]if /xG5 . Tof] z'4 x'g'df PsfGt x'G5 / Tof] PsfGtdf k|e'sf] Wofg
x'G5 clg k|e'nfO{ hflgG5 / k|e';Fu ldng x'G5 . k|e'nfO{ hfGg ;lsPg eg] Wofg x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– ;defjdf k|fKt JolQm l:y/ Pjd\ sDkg/lxt x'G5 / l:y/ lrQdf /x]/ p;n] PsfGtdf
cGt/u'kmfdf k|e'sf] Wofg ub{5 . o:tf] JolQmn] ;j{q k|e' b]Vb5 / p;sf /f}+ /f}+df k|e'sf] :d[lt

nf]suLtf– 223
cWofo–^
u'~hg yfN5 Pjd\ ;j{q k|e'sf] Wjlg aHg yfN5 . h;;Fu xfdL cfTd;\ft\ eP/ Ps x'G5f}+ Tof] Wofg
xf] . Wofg ubf{ cfkm" /Xof] jf stf{kgsf] efj cfof] eg] k|e'sf] Wofg x'Fb}g . Wofgsf] cy{ Psfsf/ x'g'
xf] . Wofgsf] 36gf PsfGtdf dfq 36\5 . To;leqsf] PsfGt u'kmf hxfF ;f/f ;+;f/ x/fpF5, afXo
s'/f ;dfKt x'G5 / cGtdf cfkm" klg ljnLg eP/ ;dfKt x'G5, To; z"Gojt\ Psfsf/ cj:yfdf
dfq k|e'sf] Wofg x'G5 . hËndf efu]/ hfg] 7fpF PsfGt xf]Og, of] t :jod\leq k|j]z ug]{ PsfGt
xf] . >Ls[i0fsf] of] egfO of]usf] k/d pknlAw xf] .
;d:t of]u dg''ioleqsf] cGt/u'kmfdf k|j]z ug]{ ljlw xf] . o; cGt/u'kmfdf k|j]z u/]kl5
k|e'sf] Wofg, cg'ej / ;fIffTsf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . xfdL ;a}leq Tof] u'kmf df}h'b 5 t/ xfdL ;a}
cfˆgf] u'kmfsf] aflx/ 3'ld/xG5f}+“ / leq k:g] r]i6f klg ub}{gf}+“ . xfdL PSnf]kgnfO{ PsfGt 7fG5f“}+ /
oxL PsfGtkgnfO{ eg]{ r]i6f u5f}{ . PSnf]kgn] ;b}j pbf;Lgtf NofpF5 t/ k|e';Fu ldng x'g]
ePsfn] PsfGtn] ;bf cfgGb NofpF5 . k|To]s JolQmsf] Wo]o eujfg\ x'g' xf] hf] PsfGtdf k|fKt
x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ Tof] k/d cfgGb k|fKt ug]{ lbzflt/ O;f/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .
z'rf} b]z] k|lti7fKo l:y/df;gdfTdgM .
gfTo'lR5«t+ gfltgLr+ r}nflhgs'zf]Q/d\ ..!!..
cfˆgf nflu cToGt kljq :yfgdf g clt cUnf] g clt xf]rf] l7Sssf] 7fpFdf g/d j:q,
d[urd{ of s'zsf] b[9 cf;g of]usf nflu :yflkt u/f];\ ..
tq}sfu|+ dgM s[Tjf otlrQ]lG›olqmoM .
pkljZof;g] o'~HofBf]udfTdljz'4o] ..!@..
To;} cf;gdf a;L dg, OlG›o tyf sd{x¿nfO{ jzdf /fv]/ dgnfO{ Psfu| u/L lrQz'l4sf
nflu of]usf] cEof; u/f];\ ..
Åbosf] cGt/u'kmfdf of cGt:s/0fdf k|j]z ug{sf nflu s[i0f s]xL ljlwx¿sf] ;ª\s]t
ug{'x'G5 . of]usf ;d:t ljlwx¿ aflx/af6 k|j]z u/]/ leq ;dfKt x'G5g\ . of] :jfefljs k|lqmof xf]
lsgeg] dflg; hxfF 5 ToxLFaf6 k|f/De ug{'k5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– JolQmsf] cj:yfsf] cfwf/df
ljlw km/s x'g ;S5 . oxfF cf;gsf af/]df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . cf;g hf] w]/} cUnf] jf xf]rf] gxf];\
a? l7Sssf] xf];\ . leq cfˆgf] cGt:s/0fdf k'lu;s]sf JolQmx¿sf nflu cf;gsf s'/f elgPsf]
xf]Og lsgeg] hf] leq cGt:s/0fsf] /;f:jfbgdf 8'a]sf 5g\, pgLx¿sf nflu xf]rf] jf cUnf]
cf;gsf] s'g} cy{ /xFb}g . s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ cf;gsf] s'/f eGg'df s?0ffsf] efj 5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5–
g xf]rf], g cUnf] a? ;d:yfgdf d[urd{df a;]/ lrQ Psfu| kfb}{ OlG›osf] dflns x'g ;s]df
of]udf k|j]z x'g ;S5 . pxfF ch{'gsf] cj:yf ljrf/ ub}{ cf;gsf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 lsgeg] ch{'g lrQ
Psfu| ug{'kg]{ cj:yfdf 5g\ . pgsf] lrQ Psfu| ug{sf nflu s'g :yfgdf a;]/ s;/L Wofg ug]{
eGg] s'/fn] km/s kfg]{ ePsfn] s[i0fn] of] ljlw / cf;gsf af/]df eGg'ePsf] xf] .
>Ls[i0fsf] of] jQmJo em§ x]bf{ Hofb} ;fwf/0f nfUg ;S5 t/ To;f] xf]Og . olb cf;g
;dtn / z/L/sf] k"/} lx:;f ;dfg l:yltdf 5 eg] To;sf w]/} j}1flgs sf/0fx¿ x'G5g\ . hldg
;b}j cfˆgf] u'?Œjfsif{0fn] xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ k|efljt ub{5 . ha xfdL ;dtndf x'G5f}F, ta hldgsf]
u'?Œjfsif{0f Go"g x'G5 / xfdL clnslt klg 9lNsof}F eg] u'?Œjfsif{0f a9\b5 lsgeg] xfd|f] z/L/sf]
/ u'?Œjfsif{0fsf] ;DaGw a9\b5 . l;wf cf;gdf a:bf u'?Œjfsif{0fn] l;wf /]vfdf s]jn l/8nfO{
dfq k|efljt ub{5 . clnslt dfq em'Sbf klg k[YjLsf] u'?Œjfsif{0fn] z/L/nfO{ a9L k|efj kfb{5 .
afËf] a:bf u'?Œjfsif{0fn] Hofb} lvR5 / ysfpF5 . ;'Tbf sd yfSg' / a9L cf/fd k|fKt x'g'sf] d'Vo

nf]suLtf– 224
 cWofo–^
sf/0f ;f/f hldgsf] u'?Œjfsif{0f z/L/df ;dfg ¿kn] eP/ xf] . >Ls[i0fsf] jQmJosf] cfwf/ ;dfg
u'?Œjfsif{0f xf] . Go"6g (Newton) n] u'?Œjfsif{0fnfO{ l;h]{sf xf]Ogg\ dfq kQf nufPsf x'g\ .
cf;gsf] ljlwaf6 Go"gtd cfsif{0f jf lvrfOdf xfdL xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ /fVg ;S5f}F . hldgn]
z/L/nfO{ hlt lvR5 Tolt g} lrQ cl:y/ x'G5 . z/L/nfO{ u'?Œjfsif{0fsf] Go"gtd l:yltdf /fVg'
eg]sf] l;4f;gdf /fVg' xf] . j}1flgsx¿n] s] s'/f :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ eg] JolQm l;4f;gdf hlt w]/}
;do /xg ;S5, Tolt g} p;sf] pd]/ a9\5 lsgeg] p;sf] z/L/ / hldglarsf] cfsif{0f sdeGbf
sd x'G5 / z/L/ t'ngfTds ¿kdf sd a'9f] x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fn] Wofgsf nflu ;dtn cyf{t\ g clt xf]rf] g clt cUnf] e"ld rog ug{'k5{ eGg'df
klg sf/0f 5 . ;du| k[YjL x/If0f cgGt t/Ëx¿af6 k|efljt eO/x]sf] x'G5 . o;k|sf/sf t/Ë
;j{q km}lnPsf x'G5g\ . sltko t/Ëx¿ w]/} tf}nsf x'G5g\ . g/fd|f ljrf/sf t/Ëx¿ jhgbf/
x'G5g\ eg] z'e ljrf/sf t/Ëx¿ ef/ljxLg x'G5g\ . vfN8fdf k[YjLdf p7\g] Go"gtd t/Ëx¿ k|jflxt
x'g] x'Fbf vfN8fdf a;]/ Wofg ubf{ ltg} Go"gtd t/Ë;Fu dfq ;Dks{ x'G5 / >]i7 t/Ëx¿ dflyaf6
g} u'lh|G5g\ . kxf8 jf lxdfndf a;]/ Wofg ug{'sf] cy{ ePsfn] dflg;x¿ ToxfF uO{ Wofg ug{
cfslif{t ePsf x'g\ . k[YjLsf t/Ëx¿ x/]s tndf ofqf ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . Psk|sf/sf t/Ë Ps
;txdf ofqf u5{g\ . hlt prfO x'G5 Tolt g} z'4 t/Ëx¿ ofqf u5{g\ t/ ;Tkfq ePg eg]
slxn]sfxLF >]i7 t/Ëx¿n] klg pTkft dRrfpF5g\ . To;}n] To:tf z'4 t/Ë em]Ng klg ;Tkfq /
;fdYo{jfg\ x'g'k5{ . xfdL hxfF afFR5f}F ToxL tn jf ;tx xfd|f] hLjgsf] ;tx x'G5 . To;}n] Wofgsf
;'?jftdf JolQmx¿sf nflu g w]/} dfly of g w]/} tn x'g] :yfg g} Wofgsf nflu pko'Qm x'G5 .
hlt–hlt Ifdtf a9\b} hfG5 Tolt Tolt dflysf] ofqf ug{ ;lsG5 . xfd|f k|frLg tLy{:yn,
zlQmkL7x¿ ljlzi6 sf/0fn] g} ;a}eGbf cUnf r'r'/f jf kxf8x¿df agfOPsf x'g\ . tL :yfg;Dd
la:tf/} ;fwsx¿n] ofqf ub{y] / pgLx¿sf nflu s}nfzsf] ofqf clGtd ofqf x'GYof] hxfF uP/
pgLx¿ ;dflwdf nLg x'Gy] . cUnf r'r'/f jf kxf8df k|z:t z'4 t/Ëx¿ pknAw x'g] ePsfn]
JolQmsf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ePkl5 la:tf/} pm z'4 t/Ë em]Ng ;dy{ x'GYof] . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{
eGg'x'G5– ltdL pko'Qm ;dtn e"ld / pko'Qm cf;g ;d]t Wofgsf nflu rog u/, ta dfq ltdL
;/ntfk"j{s zfGt x'g] 5f} . >Ls[i0fn] d[urd{sf af/]df klg rrf{ ug{'sf] sf/0f 5 . k"jL{o bz{gdf
cf:yf /fVg] ;GGof;Lx¿ nfvf}+ jif{b]lv sf7sf] v/fp pkof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . sf7sf] kmNofs,
d[urd{, l;+xrd{sf] cf;gdf a;]/ Wofg ug{'df ljz]if sf/0f 5 . h'g j:t'x¿df ljB't\ k|jfx x'Fb}g,
tL j:t'x¿ Wofgdf ;xof]uL x'G5g\ .
ljB't\ k|jflxt x'g] j:t'df j;]/ Wofg ug{' vt/gfs x'G5 lsgeg] ulx/f] Wofgdf z/L/n]
Pp6f cGt/ljB't\ k}bf u5{ . k"/f Wofgdf z/L/sf] cfGtl/s ljB't\ zlQm ;lqmo x'G5 . xfdL ;a}sf]
z/L/df ljB't\zlQm 5 / ToxL ljB't\ zlQmsf sf/0f xfdL p7\5f“}+, lxF8\5f“}+ / hLjg rnfpF5f“}+ . xfdL
h'g Zjf; lnG5f“}+ To;n] xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ k|f0fjfo' k'¥ofP/ xfd|f] z/L/sf] ljB't\nfO{ hLljt /fVg] sfd
ub{5 . Zjf;n] clS;8fOh];gsf] sfd ub{5 . xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ hLljt /fVg k|ltkn ljB't\sf]
cfjZostf kb{5≤ To;}n] Zjf;ljgf xfdL afFRg ;Sb}gf“}+ . z/L/ ljB't\sf] Pp6f h]g]/]6/ xf], hxfF k"/f
;do ljB't\ k}bf eO/x]sf] x'G5 . of] ljB't\nfO{ Wofgsf] ;dodf ;+/If0f k|fKt x'G5 . ;fwf/0ftof
xfdL ljB't\nfO{ ˆofFls/x]sf x'G5f“}+ . s]jn xft xNnfpFbf klg ljB't\sf] Ps dfqf xftaf6 ˆofFlsG5 .
Ps zAb af]Nbf klg zAbnfO{ ult lbg ljB't\sf] Ps dfqf gi6 x'G5 . xfdL hlt klg lqmofsnfk
u5f}{+ ltgdf ljB't\sf] dfqf pkof]udf cfO/x]sf] x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 225
cWofo–^
Wofgdf lxF8\g], af]Ng] cflb ;a} lqmofx¿ aGb x'G5g\ . ljrf/z"Go, lrQ df}g / OlG›ox¿
lzlyn eP/ lgliqmo x'G5g\ . To;}n] aflx/ lg/Gt/ ˆofFlsg] ljB't\ pmhf{ ;a} Pslqt / ;+/lIft
x'G5g\ . unt :yfgdf a;]/ Wofg ul/of] eg] ljB't\sf] wSsf cg'ej x'G5 . sf7sf] v/fp nufP/
tf/nfO{ 5f]of] eg] ljB't\sf] em8\sfn] 5'Fb}g lsgeg] em8\sf lah'nLsf] sf/0fn] xf]Og, em8\sf t
lah'nLsf] tf/af6 xfdLleq h'g lah'nL cfpF5 To;nfO{ hldgn] em8\sfsf ;fy tfGb5 To;sf]
sf/0fn] nfU5 . olb v/fp nufPsf] 5 eg] lah'nLsf] tf/ 5'Fbf klg em8\sf nfUb}g lsgeg] v/fpn]
lah'nLsf] k|jfxnfO{ lkmtf{ ul/lbG5 . lah'nLn] Pp6f rqm agfPdf em8\sf nfUb}g . d[urd{, l;+xrd{,
v/fp cflb ljB't\ k|jfx/lxt ;fwg x'g\ / oL ;fdu|Ln] lah'nLnfO{ lkmtf{ ul/lbG5g\ . Wofg ug]{
JolQmsf nflu sf7sf kmNofsx¿, d[urd{, l;+xrd{ cflb pkof]uL x'G5g\ . JolQmsf] Wofgsf] :t/
dflyNnf] txdf k'Ug' cl3 oL j:t'x¿sf] k|of]u ug{' pko'Qm x'G5 . Wofgaf6 z/L/sf] cGt/rqm
lgdf{0f x'G5 / ljB't\ cGt/rqm agfpg ;kmn x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf hldgdf a:bf klg em8\sfsf]
cg'ej x'Fb}g . t/ Tof] 36gf Wofgsf] dflyNnf] txdf cGt/rqm lgdf{0f ePkl5 dfq ;Dej x'G5≤
k|f/lDes ;fwsx¿df of] lgdf{0f ePsf] x'Fb}g . To;}n] dflysf j:t'x¿sf] k|of]u pkof]uL x'g ;S5 .
ha cGt/ljB't\sf] rqm lgld{t x'Fb}g, ta;Dd xfdL afXo rqmdf lge{/ /xg'k5{ / o;af6 kf/ x'g]
pkfo / k|of; ug{'k5{ .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cf;g / hldg pko'Qm x'g'k5{ . OlG›ox¿nfO{ jzdf /fVg o:tf]
l:yltdf ;lhnf] x'G5 . of]un] o:tf Joj:yfx¿sf] vf]h u/]sf] 5 hf] afXo Joj:yfnfO{ tfg]/
cGt/Joj:yfdf k'¥ofpg ;fy{s x'G5g\ . o:tf] d'›f vf]h]sf] 5 hf] OlG›onfO{ cGt/d'vL agfpg
;xfos x'G5g\ . o:tf :yfgx¿ vf]h]sf] 5 hxfFaf6 xfd|f] z/L/sf ljz]if s]G›x¿df bafa lbPdf
To;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k xfd|f OlG›o lzlyn x'G5g\ . cd]l/sL j}1flgs lyof]8/ /]sn] u/]sf] vf]hdf
pgL eG5g\– dg'iosf z/L/df ePsf ljleGg ljGb'x¿nfO{ bafPdf z/L/df km/s kl/0ffd b]vfkb{5g\ .
pgL of]uL xf]Ogg\ k|mfo8sf lziox¿dWo] Ps ;fdfGo lzio dfq x'g\ . pgnfO{ k"j{df vf]lhPsf]
of]uf;gsf af/]df s'g} hfgsf/L lyPg, cGoyf pgsf] vf]h cem k|uf9 x'g;SYof] . pgn] z/L/sf s]xL
:yfgx¿sf] vf]hL u/] h;nfO{ bafpgfn] z/L/df ljljw kl/0ffd lg:sG5g\ . bfFtsf] glhs aËf/fdf
o:tf :yfgx¿sf] vf]hL u/] h;df JolQmsf] lx+;f ;ª\u|lxt x'G5 . pgL eGy]– lx+;fsf] d"n;|f]tsf]
s]G› bfFt xf] . ;d:t hgfj/ Pjd\ dg'iodf klg lx+;fsf] ;|f]t bfFt g} xf] . lx+;|s hgfj/df gª /
bfFtaf6 lx+;f x'G5 . ha JolQm lx+;fn] el/G5, ta p;sf] bfFtdf sDkg ;'? x'G5 . dg'iosf] z/L/df
gAa] k|ltzt ;d:of bfFtdf hDdf ePsf] lx+;fsf] s]G›sf sf/0fn] x'G5 . xfd|f] cf“}+nfsf] cf;kf; klg
lx+;fsf s]Gb| df}h'b 5g\ . xftsf cf}+“nfsf] df]8nfO{ x]/]/ JolQm slt lx+;|s 5 eg]/ atfpg ;lsG5 .
z/L/el/ o:tf cg]s s]Gbx¿ df}h'b 5g\ .
of]un] o:tf] vf]h u/]sf] 5 ls h;af6 dfly plNnlvt cj:yfx¿af6 d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 . a'4
/ dxfjL/sf] cf;g x]g]{ xf] eg] pxfFx¿sf] k"/f z/L/ Pp6f ljB't\sf] rqmh:tf] 5 . b'j} uf]8f 3'F8f;Dd
hf]l8Psf 5g\ . ljB't\sf] cfef; ltvf] ljGb'af6 x'G5, uf]nf] s'/faf6 ljB't\ aflx/ hfFb}g .
hgg]lG›oaf6 ;jf{lws ljB't\ aflx/ lgl:sG5 . To;}n] ;Def]ukl5 a]r}gL / plåUgtf tyf ysfg
x'G5 lsgeg] To;a]nf xfd|f] z/L/n] w]/} ljB't\ vr{ u/]sf] x'G5 . /Qmrfk, Åbosf] w8\sg / gf8Lsf]
ult klg cTolws a9]sf] x'G5 / ysfgsf] cg'ej x'G5 . o; If0fdf s]jn jLo{:vng dfq xf]Og,
jLo{sf] :vng;Fu} hgg]lG›on] 7'nf] dfqfdf ljB't\ klg aflx/ ˆofFS5 . Tof] ljB't\sf klg lglZrt

nf]suLtf– 226
 cWofo–^
s]G›x¿ 5g\ . To;}n] l;4f;g jf kßf;gdf a:g] qmddf s's{'Rrfn] Tof] ljGb'nfO{ bafpF5 hxfFaf6
hgg]lG›o;Dd ljB't\ k'U5 .
kßf;gdf b'j} v'§f z/L/;Fu hf]l8G5g\ / b'j} v'§faf6 lg:sg] ljB't\ z/L/n] lnG5 clg k'gM
cfkm"leq lkmtf{ n}hfG5 . o;} u/L b'j} xft hf]l8Psf x'G5g\≤ To;}n] xftaf6 ljB't\ aflx/ hfg
kfpFb}g, Ps xftaf6 csf]{ xftdf ofqf u5{ / k"/f z/L/ Pp6f rqmdf ¿kfGtl/t x'G5 . a'4 /
dxfjL/sf d"lt{sf] cf;g lgofNg] xf] eg] k"/f z/L/ ljB't\ rqmsf ¿kdf b]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf
OlG›onfO{ leq tfGg' cToGt ;lhnf] x'G5 . of] ljB't\sf] rqm lgdf{0fsf sf/0f xfdL / xfd|f] OlG›osf
lardf Pp6f kvf{n aG5 h;sf] kmn:j¿k xfdL / OlG›o cnu x'G5f“}+ . ljB't\sf] ;|f]t xfdLleq 5
/ OlG›on] s]jn ljB't\sf] pkof]u dfq u5{g\ . olb lardf rqm aGof] eg] OlG›ox¿ aflx/ /xG5g\ /
xfdL leq /xG5f“}+ . xfdL / xfd|f] OlG›osf lardf ljB't\sf] kvf{n aG5 h;nfO{ kf/ ug{ ;lsFb}g .
o; If0fdf cGt/–cfsfzsf] ofqf ;lhnf] x'G5 . of] Pp6f j}1flgs k|lqmof xf] .
sltko of]uf¿9 ;fwsn] cg]sf“}+ hGdsf] ofqfsf qmddf (( l8u|Lsf] ofqf ul/;s]/ klg kf/
x'g g;s]/ k'gM hGd k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . o; hGddf ;fgf] 36gfn] klg pgLx¿sf] ofqf k"/f x'G5
cyf{t\ !)) l8u|L kf/ ug{ s'g} 7'nf] sfd ug}{kb}{g t/ o:tf] 36gf cToGt la/n} x'G5 . nfpT;'
gfdsf Ps cb\e't ;GGof;L Ps ?vd'lg ;'lt/x]sf x'G5g\ . To;} If0f dflyaf6 Pp6f ;'s]sf] kft
em5{ . pgL v';Ln] gfR5g\ / eG5g\– olb s;}nfO{ 1fgsf] cfjZostf 5 eg] kft emg]{ a]nfdf
?vd'lg cfP/ x]/] k'U5, cyf{t\ 1fg k|fKt x'G5 . o; 36gfaf6 nfpT;'n] 1fg k|fKt u/] . pgsf] ofqf
k"j{hGdaf6 sl/a sl/a k"/f eO;s]sf] lyof] . cGttM Pp6f kft emgf{n] pgsf] ofqf k"/f eof] . o;
36gfsf cfwf/df cGo w]/} ;fwsx¿n] o;sf] k|of]u u/] t/ pgLx¿nfO{ ;kmntf ldn]g . JolQmx¿
;a} cf–cfˆgf] ofqfsf lhDd]jf/ :jod\ x'G5g\ .
>Ls[i0fn] ch{'gsf] cj:yfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ pgsf nflu pkof]uL cf;g, :yfg, ;do
cflbsf] pNn]v ug{'ePsf] xf] . lbpF;f] Wofg ubf{ Wofg nfUg sl7g x'G5 lsgeg] ;"o{ k|bLKt x'G5 /
lz/ dfly x'G5 . o; a]nf 6fpsfnfO{ zfGt kfg{ ufx|f] x'G5 . k|ftMsfnLg ;"o{df afNokg x'G5 cyf{t\
tfk sd x'G5 . To;}n] ;"o{sf] ls/0f xfdLdf l;wf klg kb}{g / lz/df To;sf] c;/ x'Fb}g . t;y{ Tof]
;do Wofgsf nflu pko'Qm x'G5 . lbgdf ;"o{sf] ls/0f ;x;|fwf/ rqmaf6 k|j]z u/]/ sfds]G›df
rf]6 k'¥ofpF5g\, ta ;"o{sf] wf/f lz/af6 sfds]G›;Dd lg/Gt/ k'lu/xG5 . Wofgsf] ofqf l7s pN6f]
5 . sfds]G›af6 ;x;|fwf/ rqm;Ddsf] ofqf Wofgdf ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . lbgsf] Wofg pN6f] gbL au]sf]
h:tf] x'G5 t/ k|ftM Pjd\ ;GWofsfnLg Wofgdf ;"o{sf] ls/0f lz/af6 sfds]G›df rf]6 k'¥ofpg]
9Ësf] x'Fb}g . To;}n] Wofgsf nflu of] ;do cg's"n x'G5 . k|fy{gfsf gfddf g} ;GWofsf] k|fb'ef{j
ePsf] xf] . ;GWofsf] If0fdf ;"o{sf] tfk Go"gtd x'G5 . laxfg jf ;fFemsf] ;"o{n] JolQmdfly l;wf
c;/ ub}{g . ;fy} /ftL !@ ah] Wofg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ klg nfe x'G5 . To;}n] of]uLx¿n] To; ;dosf]
;b'kof]u u/]sf 5g\ . dWo/ftdf Wofg ubf{ ;"o{ ha JolQmsf] l7s tn k'U5, ta Wofgsf nflu ;"o{
sfds]G›af6 ;x;|fwf/ rqmlt/ hfg ;xof]uL aGg ;S5 . ;"o{sf] ls/0f xfd|f] hLjgsf] cfwf/ xf]
lsgeg] ;"o{ xfd|f] hLjg xf] . To;}n] k|ftMsfnLg qf6s ug]{ ljlw k|f/De ePsf] xf] . ;"o{;Fu n8\g
olb s;}n] qf6ssf] ;xL cEof; u/]sf] 5 eg] pm lbpF;f] klg Wofg ug{ ;S5 . ;"o{sf ls/0fx¿;Fu
tfnd]n ug]{ Joj:yf hfg]/ dfq n8\g ;lsG5 cGoyf ;Dej 5}g .
Wofgsf] k/d cj:yf ;doeGbf aflx/ cyf{t\ ;doftLt 5 t/ Wofgsf] Joj:yf eg] ;do
leq 5 . ;dosf] Joj:yfnfO{ l7s;Fu ghfGg]n] Wofgdf Joy{sf] si6 kfpF5g\ . Wofgsf klg

nf]suLtf– 227
cWofo–^
l:yltx¿ x'G5g\ . ha xfjf, u'?Œjfsif{0f, t/Ë / ;a} l:yltx¿ cg's"n x'G5g\, ta Wofgsf] ofqf w]/}
sd >ddf ug{ ;lsG5 . ;a} s'/f k|lts"n x'Fbf Wofg ug{ w]/} k|oTg ug{'kg]{ x'G5 .
ch{'gn] w]/} sl7g k|of; ug{' gk/f];\ / pgsf] ofqf ;xh xf];\ eg]/ s[i0fn] k|fylds s'/fx¿
atfO/xg' ePsf] 5 . s'zn] klg Wofgdf d2t k'U5 . xfdL s'zn Tof] JolQmnfO{ dfG5f}+ h;n]
Wofgdf ;xof]uL x'g] s'zsf] vf]hL u/] . s'zn] ljz]if z'4tf / :jR5tf NofpF5 . s'zsf] pkl:ylt
Pp6f pTk|]/s dWo:ystf{sf] ¿kdf xf] h;n] z'4tfsf] sfd ub{5 . s'z Pp6f ljz]ifk|sf/sf] 3fF;
xf] . o;sf] vf]hL Wofgsf] dfWodaf6 ePsf] lyof] . To;}n] of] Wofgdf ;xof]uL x'G5 . ;a} j:q
Wofgsf nflu pko'Qm x'Fb}gg\ . ef]hg ubf{ k|of]u ul/Psf] j:qdf Wofg ug{ sl7g x'G5 . cem
;Def]u ubf{ k|of]u ePsf] j:qdf Wofg ug{ t c;fWo sl7g g} x'G5 . h'g la5\of}gfdf a;]/
sfdjf;gfsf] Wofg u/]sf] 5, ToxL cf;gdf jf j:qdf k/dfTdfsf] Wofg ug{ ;Dej x'Fb}g . ;'tL
sk8feGbf /];dL j:q Wofgsf nflu pko'Qm x'G5 . Wofg ug]{ jftfj/0f klg :jR5 x'g' h?/L 5 .
cfˆgf] 3/df Pp6f :jR5 :yfg lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sof] eg] Tof] dlGb/ x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f z'4 :yfg
eGg'x'G5, h'g :yfgdf a;]/ b'isd{ u/]sf] 5}g / s'ljrf/ /fv]sf] 5}g Tof] :yfg Wofgsf nflu z'4 /
pko'Qm x'G5 . h'g :yfgdf a;]/ k/dfTdfsf] ;tt :d/0f eO/x]sf] 5 To; :yfgdf k|j]z ug{'k"j{
cfˆgf ;f/f 5'›tfnfO{ aflx/ 5f8]sf] x'Gf'k5{ .
nfvf}F s/f]8f}F dflg;x¿n] Wofg u/]sf] :yfg pmhf{n] 3gLe"t x'G5 hxfF k|j]z ug]{lalQs}
kljqtfsf] cg'ej x'g yfN5 . cfˆgf] cGt/ofqfsf] nflu ;xfotf k|fKt x'g] JolQmsf] ;flGgWonfO{
;T;Ë elgG5 . To;}n] ;gftg wd{ / lrGtgdf bz{gsf] Hofb} 7'nf] dxŒj /x]sf] 5 . s'g} kljq
JolQmsf cl3 b'O{ If0f pleP/ lz/ em'sfpg ;s] ulx/f] kl/0ffd cfpF5 . o:tf kljq JolQm;dIf
lz/ em'sfPdf p;sf] kljq pmhf{ lz/df k|jflxt x'g yfN5 / JolQm u|x0fzLn x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– Wofgsf nflu kljq :yfg, z'4 :gfg Pjd\ Wofgdf ;xof]uL j:t' ;lGgs6 ePdf Wofgdf
ofqf ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . of] afXo kl/l:yltnfO{ lgdf{0f u/L cGt/ dgl:ylt lgdf{0f ug]{ Joj:yf xf] .
;d+ sfolz/f]u|Lj+ wf/oGgrn+ l:y/M .
;Dk|]Io gfl;sfu|+ :j+ lbzZrfgjnf]sog\ ..!#..
of]ufEof;Ln] z/L/, lz/, 3fF6LnfO{ ;f]emf] / l:y/ /fvL cGo s'g} lbzfdf b[li6 glbO{ gfssf]
cu|efudf Ps 6sn] x]l//xf];\ ..
k|zfGtfTdf ljuteLa|{Xdrfl/j|t] l:ytM .
dgM ;+oDo dlRrQf] o'Qm cf;Lt dTk/M ..!$..
dgnfO{ ;+oldt / cljrlnt /fv]/ lg8/ x'bF } a|Xdro{ j|tdf /xL dnfO{ g} k/d nIo dfg]/
dgdf d]/} lrGtg u/f];\ ..
>Ls[i0f o; Znf]sdf ljlwsf af/]df atfpg'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– of]ufEof;Ln] z/L/, lz/,
3fF6LnfO{ ;f]emf] / l:y/ /fvL gfssf] cu|efudf Ps 6s x]l//xf];\ . z/L/nfO{ Psbd () l8u|Lsf]
sf]0fdf l;wf /fVg'k5{ . xfd|f] d]?b08 hldgaf6 () l8u|L sf]0fdf /fVbf lz/ l;wf x'G5 . o:tf]
l:yltdf JolQm sl/a sl/a k[YjLsf] u'?Œjfsif{0faf6 aflx/ x'G5 / k[YjLsf] u'?Œjfsif{0f aflx/ x'g'
pmWj{udgsf] dfu{ aG5 . b[li6 gfssf] cu|efudf /fVbf cfFvfsf k/]nfx¿ klg em's]sf] cj:yfdf
x'G5g\ . gfssf] cu|efu x]g{sf nflu k"/f cfFvf v'Nnf /fVg'kb}{g . cfFvf em's]sf x'G5g\ / To:tf
cfFvfn] d'l:snn] @ lkm6 6f9f dfq b]Vg ;S5 . b[Zo :ki6 geO{ wldnf] x'G5 ;fy} k"/f ;do
gfssf] 6'Kkfdf b[li6 lbOof] eg] ;+;f/ jf:tljs sd / :jKgsf] ¿kdf Hofbf b]lvG5 . olb cw{–

nf]suLtf– 228
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v'Nnf cfFvf gf;fu| efudf /fVof}+ eg] ;f/f hut\ ;j{q :jKgt'No nfUb5 . xfd|f] b[li6sf] sf/0fn]
xfdL o; hut\nfO{ 7f]; b]V5f}+ . gf;fu| b[li6df aflx/sf ;a} s'/f wldnf] nfUg yfN5g\ / ;f/f s'/f
;kgft'No nfU5g\ . ha ;+;f/ clgTo / ;kgf k|tLt x'G5, ta k/dfTdf ;To nfUg yfN5 .
ha;Dd ;+;f/ ;To nfU5, ta;Dd O{Zj/ ;To nfUb}g . of] ;+;f/df b'O{ ;To x'g ;Sb}g . oxfF Ps
;To 6'6]kl5 dfq csf]{ ;Tosf] af]w x'G5 .
oxfF Wofgsf qmddf cfFvf cw{v'Nnf /fVg elgPsf] 5 . k"/f cfFvf aGb ug{ elgPsf] 5}g
lsgeg] cfFvf aGb u/]df ;+;f/ ;kgft'No nfUb}g . cfFvf aGb u/]df ;kgf b]Vg yflnG5, hf] leq
;To nfUg ;S5 . cfFvf g aGb g v'Nnf /fVg' klg b'O{ åGåsf lardf ;dtf sfod ug{'h:t} xf] . of]
cw{ v'Nnf cfFvfsf] 7'nf] /x:o 5 . cfwf v'n]sf] cfFvfn] leq g t ;kgf pTkGg u5{ g t aflx/sf]
b'lgofFnfO{ oyfy{ dfGg ;S5 . ha b[li6 gf;fu|df x'G5, ta cf1frqmdf cyf{t\ b'j} cfFvfsf] dWodf
hf]8 k/]sf] Ps cgf}7f] cg'ej x'g yfN5 . b[li6 t gfssf] cu|efudf x'G5 t/ gfssf] leqL efudf
hf]8 kg{ ;'? x'G5 . oxL ljGb' åf/ xf] hf] v'Ng]lalQs} pmWj{udgsf] ofqf ;''? x'G5 .
cf1frqmsf] tn ;+;f/ / dfly k/dfTdf 5 . tNnf] efu ;+;f/;Fu / dflyNnf] dl:tissf]
efu k/dfTdf;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . o;df hf]8 kg{' eg]sf] aGb 9f]sfnfO{ vf]Ng] k|of; ug{' xf] . of]
uf]Ko s'~hL cyf{t\ cf1frqmnfO{ vf]Ng] s'~hL xf] . h'g ljB't\ xfd|f] cfFvfaf6 aflx/ hfG5, ToxL
ljB't\nfO{ cf1frqmdf /f]Sbf s]G›df hf]8 k/]/ Tof] s'~hLn] 9f]sf vf]Ng] sfd ub{5 . 9f]sf
v'Ng]lalQs} cl3Nnf] hut\;Fusf] ;DaGw aGb eP/ csf]{ b'lgofFdf 5nfª dfg{ ;lsG5 . s[i0fn]
a|Xdro{ j|tsf af/]df klg pNn]v ug{'ePsf] 5 . Wofgsf] o; efudf ha cfwf cfFvf v'Nnf x'G5,
gf;fu|df b[li6 k'U5 / cf1frqmdf hf]8 k5{, ta lrQdf clnslt klg sfdjf;gfsf] ljrf/ cfof]
eg] h'g åf/ vf]Ng] k|of; eO/x]sf] lyof] Tof] tTsfn ;dfKt x'G5 . clg ;d:t pmhf{ tnlt/ aUg
yfN5 lsgeg] hLjg pmhf{ pt}lt/ aU5 h;sf] :d/0f cfpF5 . ha sfdgf, jf;gfsf] ljrf/ dgdf
p7\5, ta sfdjf;gf tTsfn ;lqmo x'G5 . ljrf/ dl:tisdf rN5 t/ sfds]G› ;lqmo x'G5 .
olb sfdjf;gfsf] ljrf/ rNof] eg] hLjg pmhf{ sfdjf;gflt/ k|jflxt x'G5 . Wofgsf
If0fdf olb sfdjf;gfsf] ljrf/ rNof] eg] JolQm Psbd tnsf] ofqf ug{ yfN5 . ;fdfGotof
sfdjf;gfdf klg olt tn uOFb}g≤ To;}n] s[i0fn] ;r]t u/fpg' vf]Hg' ePsf] xf] . cw{cfFvf v'n]sf] /
gf;fu|df b[li6 /x]sf] cj:yfdf sfdjf;gfsf] ljrf/ rNof] eg] tLj|tfk"j{s sfdjf;gfdf eml/G5,
h;sf] s'g} lx;fa ug{ ;ls“b}g . To;}n] sltko JolQmnfO{ Wofgsf] cg'ej a9\bf sfdjf;gfsf]
cg'ej x'G5 . Wofgsf If0fdf sfdjf;gfn] klqmof] eg] sfdjf;gfnfO{ Wofgsf] h'g pmhf{ k}bf
eO/x]sf] 5 Tof] klg k|fKt x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sfdjf;gf Tofu]/ a|Xdro{df l:y/
x'g'k5{ . r]tg ¿kdf sfdsf] lrGtg PsIf0f klg ug{ ;lsFb}g . sfd lrGtg ;b}j cr]tgdf rN5 .
ch{'g a|Xdrf/L xf]Ogg\, To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] a|Xdro{sf af/]df s'/f ug{'ePsf] xf] .
h}g wd{df dxfjL/eGbf cl3 t]O; tLy{ª\s/x¿n] a|Xdro{sf] s'/f p7fpg'ePsf] lyPg .
pxfFx¿n] rf/ wd{sf s'/f p7fpg'eof]≤ tL rf/ wd{ x'g–\ ;To, clx+;f, ckl/u|x / c:t]o -rf]/L
gug{'_ . To;}n] kf/;gfy;Ddsf] wd{sf] gfd rt'/ofd lyof] . dxfjL/n] a|Xdro{ hf]8]/ k~rdxfj|t
agfpg' eof] . dxfjL/eGbf cl3 t]O; tLy{ª\s/ h;;Fu s'/f ul//xg'ePsf] lyof] pxfFx¿ lgi0fft
a|Xdrf/L x'g'x'GYof] . To;a]nf h'g pkb]z lbOPsf] lyof] To;n] klg a|Xdro{ ;xh aGof] / nf]srrf{
ePg . dxfjL/n] tLy{ª\s/x¿sf] u'Kt ;Gb]z hf] ;fwsnfO{ dfq lbOGYof], cfd JolQmx¿nfO{ klg
atfpg'eof] . To;kl5 t]O; tLy{ª\s/x¿ cf]em]ndf kg{'eof] . dxfjL/ h}g wd{sf ;+:yfks

nf]suLtf– 229
cWofo–^
dflgg'eof] lsgeg] pxfFn] g} klxnf]k6s hgdfg;df tL s'/f k|bfg ug{'eof] h'g s]xL ;fwsnfO{ dfq
lbOGYof] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– a|Xdro{ j[lQdf ePsf] JolQm jf Wofgdf /x]sf] JolQm Wofgsf] ;dodf
olb s]xL If0fsf nflu dfq /f]lsof] eg] klg ca|Xdro{df hfg d'l:sn x'G5 lsgeg] Psk6s pmhf{
dfly r9\of] eg] To;n] olt w]/} cfgGb NofpF5 ls Tof] cfgGbsf] tn sfdjf;gfdf uPsf] pmhf{ /
k|fKt cfgGb;Fu t'ngf x'g} ;Sb}g . To;}n] Psk6s of] cg'ej ePkl5 pmhf{ tnsf] ofqf ug{ aGb
u5{ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d]?b08nfO{ l;wf /fvL, l:y/ ;dtn cf;gdf cw{ v'Nnf cfFvf,
gf;fu|df b[li6sf ;fy cf1frqmdf hf]8 kg]{ u/L a|Xdro{df /x]/ WofgdUg x'g] JolQm …dÚ df
pknAw eP/ …dÚ df g} k|j]z u/]/ …dÚ;Fu Ps x'G5 . oyfy{df pm k/dfTdfdf k|fKt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
o; tYosf] p¢f]if ub}{ eGg'x'G5– k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg] JolQm k/dfTdf g} x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– eo/lxt, z'4 lrQjfnf JolQm k/dfTdfdf k|j]z u5{ . eosf] d"n cfwf/
d[To' xf] . ul/aL, c:j:ytf, k|lti7fdf cfFr k'Ug] cflb xhf/f“}+ k|sf/sf eo x'G5g\ t/ ulx/f] eo d[To'
g} xf] . la/fdL kbf{ JolQm eoeLt x'G5 lsgeg] o;df d[To'sf] c+z x'G5 . ul/aLdf d[To'sf] cf+lzs
bz{g x'G5 . k|lti7fdf cfFr k'Ubf d[To'sf] c+z b]lvG5 cyf{t\ hxfF hxfF eo x'G5 ToxfF ToxfF d[To'sf]
c+z b]lvG5 . k|ToIf gb]lvP klg ck|ToIf ¿kdf sxLF g sxLF leq s]xL d5{, To;}n] eoeLt x'G5 .
wgsf] ;'/Iff klg d[To'sf] eoaf6 aRg] pkfo xf] . d[To' g} d"n eo xf] / c¿ eo o;sf zfvfx¿
x'g\ . ceodf k|fKt x'g] JolQm g} Wofgdf ult kfpg ;S5 . Wofgdf ult kfpgsf nflu eo/lxt
x'g'k5{ lsgeg] Wofg dxfd[To'sf] cg'ej xf] . ;fwf/0f d[To'df z/L/ dfq gi6 x'G5 leqL tŒj gi6
x'Fb}g≤ s]jn j:q dfq kl/jt{g x'G5 . Wofgdf dxfd[To' 3l6t x'G5 hxfF ddTj, stf{kg, cxª\sf/ /
dg klg d5{ . z/L/sf] d[To'df t olt w]/} eo x'G5 eg] dg;d]tsf] d[To'df slt 7'nf] tof/L
cfjZos x'G5 eGGf] s'/f :jtM :ki6 5 . To;}n] t ceo gagL Wofgdf k|j]z ug{ ;lsFb}g . h;/L
s[i0fn] eo/lxt eGg'ePsf] 5, To;/L g} dxfjL/n] klg ceonfO{ klxnf] ;"q dfGg'ePsf] 5 .
ceo geO{ sf]xL Wofgdf hfg ;Sb}g . Wofgsf] cg'ejdf d[To'sf] cg'ej clgjfo{ ¿kdf
x'G5 . Wofgsf dfWodaf6 s}of“}+ JolQm d[To'sf] leqL eoaf6 lkmtf{ x'G5g\ . olb ToxL If0fdf lge{o
eP/ kf/ x'g;Sof] eg] JolQm ;dflwdf k'Ug ;S5 . kms]{/ cfPdf hxfFaf6 ;'? u/]sf] lyof], ToxL“+
lkmtf{ eOG5 / km]l/ Wofgdf hfg] lxDdt klg ;dfKt x'G5 lsgeg] p;df d[To'sf] 8/ k|uf9 / ulx/f]
x'G5 . Wofgdf JolQm cd[tsf] åf/df k'U5 / ToxfF k|j]z ug{ ;Sof] eg] cd[tdf k|j]z x'G5 . To;kl5
pm lge{o eP/ ;j{q cd[t k|fKt ub{5 t/ o:tf] cj:yfaf/] cfkm"nfO{ x6fP/ dfq hfGg ;lsG5 .
:jod\nfO{ ;dk{0f u/] dfq ;a} hfGg ;lsG5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– eo/lxt lrQn] dfq k|j]z
;Dej 5 . zflGt unt ¿ksf] klg x'g ;S5 . To;}n] l7s ¿kn] zfGt ePsf] dg Wofgdf
cfjZos x'G5 . ;Ddf]xgsf] dfWodaf6 k|fKt x'g] zflGt l7s ¿ksf] xf]Og . zflGtsf] cEof;n]
dflg;df cw{zflGt sfod x'G5 cyf{t\ :j;Ddf]xg x'G5 t/ czflGt eg] /xG5 / Tof] yfxf x'Fb}g .
o;k|sf/sf] zflGt k|fKt ug]{ dfWod wf]sf xf], of] jf:tljs zflGt xf]Og . dgn] cfkm"nfO{ wf]sf lbg
;S5 lsgeg] dg cfkm"nfO{ ;'emfj lbg ;Ifd 5 .
>Ls[i0f ;;t{ zflGtsf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 . l7s;Fu kfPsf] zflGtn] dg zfGt x'G5 . l7s ¿kdf
Tof] JolQm dfq zfGt x'G5 hf] zflGtsf] r]i6f ub}{g a? czflGtsf] sf/0f vf]H5 . czflGtsf] sf/0f
g} gvf]hL em'6f] zflGtsf] vf]hL ug]{ JolQmdf leq czflGts} ;fu/ x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm Wofgsf]
dfu{df ofqf ug{ ;Sb}g . leq czflGtsf] sf/0f hfg]/ To;sf] lg/fs/0f ugf{n] dfq zflGt cfpg

nf]suLtf– 230
 cWofo–^
;S5 . xfdL lsg czfGt 5f}+ eGg] sf/0f vf]h u¥of“}+ eg] czflGtsf] sf/0f b]vfk5{ clg To;sf]
lg/fs/0f ug{ sl7gfO x'Fb}g . xfd|f] czflGtsf] sf/0f olt 5'› x'G5 ls czflGtnfO{ xf];k"j{s hfGg]
lalQs} Tof] tTsfn labf x'g ;S5 . cfˆgf] cxª\sf/nfO{ 7'nf] dfGg] / cfk"m ;a}eGbf cufl8 x'g
rfxg] rfxgf g} czflGtsf] h8 xf] . xfdL czflGtsf] au}+rfnfO{ kNnljt u/fP/ zfGt x'g rfxG5f}+,
o:tf] cj:yfdf em'6f] zflGt dfq k|fKt x'g ;S5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– czfGt x'gfsf] sf/0f 5f]8\gfn]
g} dg tTsfn zfGt x'G5 . dg :j:yfgdf k'Ug' g} zflGt xf] cGoyf zflGt em'6f] dfq x'G5 .
cGt/u'kmfsf] åf/ l7s ¿kn] zfGt ePsf] lrQjfnfnfO{ dfq v'N5 .
o'~hGg]j+ ;bfTdfg+ of]uL lgotdfg;M .
zflGt+ lgjf{0fk/df+ dT;+:yfdlwuR5lt ..!%..
o;k|sf/ cfˆgf] cfTdfnfO{ lg/Gt/ k/dfTdfdf nufpFb} ;+oldt / :jfwLg dg ePsf] of]uLn]
…dÚ df /x]sf] l:y/ ¿k k/dfgGb k/dfTdfdf zflGt k|fKt ub{5 ..
lg/Gt/ k/dfTdfdf r]tgf hufpg] of]uLn] zflGt k|fKt ub{5 . lg/Gt/sf] cy{ PsIf0f klg
Jojwfg geO{ hfu[lt jf lg›fj:yfdf klg k|e'sf] lj:d/0f geO{ cxlg{z ¿kdf leq k|e':d/0fsf]
wf/f alg/xf];\ eGg] xf] . o:tf] cj:yfdf dfq lg/Gt/ ljgf Jojwfg k|e'sf] Wofg x'g ;S5 . sfddf,
lj>fddf, ;Demgfdf, hfu/0fdf / lg›fdf klg h;/L :ff; rN5 To;/L g} k|e'sf] :d/0f, t[i0ff /
nugzLntf rln/xg' g} lg/Gt/tf xf] . xfdLnfO{ PsIf0f klg k|e':d/0fsf nflu ;do kfpg sl7g
x'G5 eg] lg/Gt/ t c;Dej g} x'G5 . xfdLn] :d/0f ubf{ s]jn ;txL ¿kdf dfq k'sf/ u5f}{+ To;}n]
k|f0fsf] cGt/ / ulx/fO;Dd xfd|f] k'sf/ k'Ub}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] lg/Gt/ k|e'lt/ aUg] JolQm dfq ddf k|fKt x'G5 . hf] JolQm Ps If0f
klg k|e'nfO{ cGtÅ{boaf6 :d/0f u5{ To;af6 lg/Gt/ k|e'nfO{ :d/0f ug]{ Joj:yf sfod x'G5
lsgeg] xfdL;Fu s]jn Ps If0f dfq x'G5 b'O{ If0f slxNo} x'Fb}g . Ps If0f l/Qm ePkl5 dfq csf]{
If0f xftdf cfpF5 . To;}n] Ps If0f klg olb k|e':d/0f eof] eg] lg/Gt/ k|e':d/0f x'g'df s'g} klg
afwf x'Fb}g . Ps If0fdf k|f0faf6 k|e':d/0f ug{ hfGg] JolQmn] lg/Gt/ :d/0f ug]{ kfqtf k|fKt ub{5 .
xfdL Ps If0f klg p;nfO{ :d/0f ub}{gf}+ . ;fdfGotof xfdL O{Zj/nfO{ pwf/f] g} k'sf5f}{+ . xfdLn]
zAbx¿ s;}af6 ;'g]/ hfg]sf x'G5f}+, k/dfTdfsf] ¿k, nIf0f klg xfdLn] s;}af6 hfg]/ l;s]sf x'G5f}+ .
of] xfd|f] k|f0fsf] k|fdfl0fs cfwf/ x'Fb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] klxnf] Znf]sdf eGg'ePsf] lyof]– cGt/
u'kmfdf k|j]z u/]sf], ckl/u|xL lrQ / PsfGtdf k|fKt ePsf] JolQm g} k/dfTdfdf k|fKt x'G5 .
PsfGtsf] cy{ h;leq s'g} le8 / c¿sf] k|ltlaDa gxf];\ / ckl/u|xL lrQsf] xf];\ eGg] xf] .
ckl/u|xL lrQjfnf eGgfn] j:t'x¿sf] ;ª\u|x gug]{ jf bfg glng] eGg] xf] . t/ s[i0fsf]
cfzo of] xf]Og lsgeg] s[i0f s'g} klg dflg; ;+;f/ 5f]8]/ hfcf];\ eGg] rfxg'x'Gg . olb j:t'nfO{
5f]8\of] eg] ;+;f/ / hLjg klg 5'6\5 . pxfF sd{ 5f]8fpg klg rfxg'x'Gg lsgeg] j:t' 5f]8\bf sd{
:jtM 5'6\5 . s[i0fsf cg';f/ ckl/u|xL lrQsf] JolQmn] j:t'sf] pkof]u t u5{ t/ j:t'sf] dflns
cfkm" aGb}g cyf{t\ j:t' pkof]u u/] klg To;k|ltsf] cf;lQm / /fusf] ;DaGw :yflkt ub}{g eGg] xf],
h:tf] ls 3/sf] ;xof]uLn] To; 3/sf] j:t'sf] /]vb]v, k|of]u u5{ t/ To; j:t'k|lt p;sf] cf;lQm
jf /fu ufFl;Psf] x'Gg . To;}n] t ax'd"No j:t' x/fof] eg] klg Tof] ;xof]uLnfO{ s'g} kL8f af]w
x'Fb}g . pm s]jn ;fIfL dfq x'G5 . To:t} xfdL s]jn ;fIfL dfq xf}+ stf{ xf]Ogf}+ eGg] af]w x'g'k5{ .
hLjg ;du|tfdf afFRb} j:t' / JolQmx¿sf] laraf6 c:klz{t u'lh|g'k5{ . To;}n] c¿ ckl/u|xsf]
JofVof ;fwf/0f 5 t/ >Ls[i0fsf] ckl/u|xsf] JofVof sl7g 5 . h'g j:t'k|lt df]x sfod ePsf] 5

nf]suLtf– 231
cWofo–^
Tof] j:t' gfl;of] jf 6fl9of] eg] dgn] To;nfO{ s]xL ;dodf e'N5 / k'/fgf] /fu lj:d[t eP/ gofF
/fu lgld{t u5{ . w]/} dfofn' JolQmsf] d[To'df klg s]xL ;dokl5 :d/0f kftlnP/ e'Ng yfN5 clg
gofF ;DaGw jf /fu ;'? x'G5 . o;/L e'Ng' jf lj:d/0f x'g' d'Qm x'g' xf]Og .
>Ls[i0fsf] ckl/u|xsf] ulx/f] cy{ 5 . j:t'x¿ hxfF 5g\, ToxLF /x"g\ / ltdL klg hxfF 5f}
ToxLF /x"≤ s]jn ltdL / j:t'lar ;]t' dfq lgld{t gu/ . ltdL j:t'sf xf]Ogf} / j:t'x¿ klg ltd|f
xf]Ogg\ eGg] hfGg' g} ckl/u|x xf] . s[i0f klxn] PsfGtsf] s'/f ug{'x'G5≤ hxfF JolQm / j:t'sf] le8sf]
;DaGwsf] ;]t' 6'6\g'k5{, To;kl5 ckl/u|xsf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 . JolQm JolQm larsf] ;]t' 6'6\g Tolt
sl7g x'Fb}g lsgeg] oxfF b'O{ hLljt r]tgfx¿ larsf] ;DaGw x'G5 t/ JolQm / j:t' larsf] ;DaGw
6'6fpg cln ufx|f] x'G5 lsgeg] oxfF lghL{j j:t';Fusf] ;DaGw jf /fu :yflkt ePsf] x'G5 .
JolQm;Fu hl6ntf a9\b} hfG5 t/ j:t';Fu s'g} hl6ntf x'Fb}g . ckl/u|xLsf] cy{ j:t'sf] pkof]u ug{'
t/ To;sf] /; jf df]xdf gkg{' jf cf;Qm gx'g' eGg] xf] . j:t'x¿df hlt a9L /; x'G5 Tolt g}
pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 . ckl/u|xL lrQ dfq k|e'sf] ;tt :d/0fdf plqg ;S5 / Ps If0f klg ;tt
:d/0fdf plqPdf k"0f{ :d/0f :jtM aG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k|ltIf0f …d]/f]Ú :d/0f ug]{ JolQm …dÚ df
k|fKt x'G5 / …dÚ df k|ltli7t x'G5 .
k/dfTdfsf] ;tt :d/0f / :jod\ leq p;sf] vf]hL eof] eg] ToxfF k/dfTdf lj/fhdfg
ePsf] kfpg ;lsG5 . leqafx]s cGoq sxLF klg k/dfTdf;Fu ldng x'g ;Sb}g . cfkm"leq k|j]z
ug{sf nflu h] h] aflx/ 5 To;nfO{ ;dfKt gu/L k|j]z x'g ;Sb}g . aflx/sf] Ps Ps lrhnfO{
c:jLsf/ u/]/ leq df}gdf k|ltli7t x'g'k5{ hxfF pm lj/fhdfg 5 . z/L/af6 ;'? u/f}+“ / s] s'/f
hfgf}+“ eg] d z/L/ xf]Og, cln leq ;f; e]l6G5 cem leq hfFbf ljrf/ e]l6G5, cem leq hfFbf ToxfF
j[lQx¿ e]l6G5g\ Tof] klg d xf]Og eg]/ lg/Gt/ leq hfFbf efj e]l6O;s]kl5 Tof] eGbf klg k/
o:tf] If0f cfpF5 hxfF OGsf/ ug]{ sf]xL aRb}gg\ . hxfF ;Ggf6f / z"Go dfq z]if /xG5 / ToxL+“ cGt/
u'kmfsf] bz{g x'G5 . k|e'sf] cg'ej x'g]lalQs} Tof] lg/Gt/ ;f;df, /f“}+–/f}+“df, p7\bf, a:bf, ;'Tbf /
hfUbf Tof] u'~hg yfN5 clg :jtM lg/Gt/ :d/0f x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] lg/Gt/ :d/0fdf
k|fKt x'g] JolQm …dÚ df g} k|ltli7t x'G5 jf o:tf] lg/fsf/ z"Go ;tt :d/0fn] el/Psf] JolQmdf k|e'
k|ltli7t x'g'x'G5 .
gfToZgt:t' of]uf]˜l:t g r}sfGtdgZgtM .
g rflt :jKgzLn:o hfu|tf] g}j rfh{'g ..!^..
x] ch{'g Û w]/} vfg] jf vfFb} gvfg], w]/} ;'Tg] jf /ftel/ hfu|fd a:g]nfO{ laNfs'n of] of]u l;4
x'g ;Sb}g ..
o'Qmfxf/ljxf/:o o'Qmr]i6:o sd{;' .
o'Qm:jKgfjaf]w:o of]uf] ejlt b'Mvxf ..!&..
pko'Qm cfxf/–ljxf/, ;+oldt lg›f Pjd\ ;d:t sd{x¿ k|fdfl0fs 9Ën] lglZrt ;dodf dfq
ug]{ dflg;nfO{ of]ufEof;åf/f b'v gfz ug]{ of]u l;4 x'G5 ..
>Ls[i0f ;dtf of]usf] csf]{ lbzfsf] ljj]rgf ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . clt lg›f, ef]hg, hfu/0f cflbdf
;dtf Nofpg afwf x'G5 . s'g} klg s'/f jf cj:yfsf] cltn] JolQmTjnfO{ c;Gt'lnt u5{ . k|To]s
j:t'sf] Ps cg'kft x'G5 / Tof] cg'kfteGbf Hofbf jf sd eof] eg] To;n] JolQmTjnfO{ gf]S;fg
k'¥ofpF5 . JolQm Pp6f hl6n Joj:yf xf] . of] ljZj a|Xdf08 hlt hl6n 5 Tolt g} Pp6f ;fgf]
JolQm klg hl6n x'G5 . JolQmsf] lj:tf/ eg] sd x'G5 t/ hl6ntf eg] a|Xdf08 h:tf] ljzfn

nf]suLtf– 232
 cWofo–^
x'G5 . Pp6f ;fwf/0f z/L/df & s/f]8 hLjf0f'x¿ x'G5g\ . o; cy{df JolQm Pp6f 7'nf] a:tL g} xf] .
To;}n] ;fª\Voof]un] JolQmnfO{ k'?if eg]sf] xf] . k'?ifsf] cy{ Pp6f 7'nf] k'/sf] lar a:g] JolQm xf] .
xfdL :jod\ Ps k|sf/n] ljzfn gu/ xf}+“ . Pp6f 7'nf] k'/df /xg] JolQm g} k'?if xf] .
Pp6f ;fgf] dl:tisdf tLg ca{ :gfo' tGt'x¿ x'G5g\ . Pp6f ;fgf] hLjsf]i7 klg cfkm}“df
Pp6f hl6n 36gf xf] . o; z/L/df ePsf ;ft s/f]8 hLjsf]i7dWo] Ps hLjsf]i7 klg clt hl6n
x'G5 . Ps hLjsf]i7 hf] ;ft s/f]8 ;DaGwLx¿n] el/Psf] 5 To;sf] /f;folgs k|lqmofsf af/]df
ca aNn yfxf ePsf] 5 . of] ;f/f Joj:yfsf] hfn hf] xfdLdf 5, To; Joj:yfdf Psk|sf/sf]
;ËLtdo noa4tf ePg eg] ;~rfng ug{ sl7gfO x'G5 . of] k"/f gu/ -k'/_ hf] xfdLdf 5 olb of]
cJojl:yt, c/fhs jf ljlIfKt eof] eg] leq k|j]z ug{ c;Dej x'G5 . of] k"/f gu/ ;ËLta4,
noa4, zfGt, df}g, k|km'lNnt / cfglGbt ePdf dfq xfdL ;lhnf];Fu leq k|j]z ug{ ;S5f}+ . cGoyf
Pp6f ;fdfGo s'/fn] klg aflx/ c8\sfOlbG5 lsgeg] r]tgfsf] :jefjn] xfd|f] z/L/df sxLF st}
b'3{6gf ePsf] va/ lbO/xG5 . olb z/L/df b'3{6gf eof] eg] r]tgf b'3{6gfdf clNem/xG5 . Pp6f
;fgf] sfF8f la‰of] eg] ;f/f r]tgf sfF8flt/ bf}l8g yfN5 . o;sf] kL8fn] xfd|f] w]/} hLjsf]i7nfO{
kL8fdf 8'afpF5 / r]tgf Totflt/ bf}l8g yfN5 . z/L/sf] s'g} klg lx:;f olb clnslt klg ?U0f 5
eg] r]tgfsf] cGtu{dg sl7g x'G5 / r]tgf Tof] ?U0f lx:;fdf g} cl8\sG5 .
xfd|f] r]tgfnfO{ sxLF klg cl8\sg' gkg]{ cj:yf g} :jf:Yo xf] . xfdLnfO{ lz/sf] ta dfq
hfgsf/L x'G5, ha lz/df kL8faf]w x'G5 cGoyf yfxf klg x'Fb}g . jf:tjdf 6fpsf] b'vfO g} lz/ xf]
To;}n] z/L/sf] h'g efudf kL8f x'G5 To;sf af/]df dfq hfgsf/L x'G5 . olb xfd|f] z/L/ k"0f{ :j:Yf
5 eg] xfd|f] z/L/sf af/]df klg hfgsf/L x'Fb}g . z/L/sf ;DaGwdf x]bf{ dg'ion] hlt w]/} cfxf/f
lnof] Tolt w]/} r]tgf k]6lt/ bf}l8g yfN5 . ef]hgkl5 lg›f nfU5 clg dl:tis r]tgfaf6 vfnL x'g
yfN5 . dl:tis wldnf] / tG›fn] el/G5 . Hofbf ef]hg lnPdf Hofbf lg›f nfUg] ePsfn] k]6nfO{
w]/} r]tgfsf] h?/t k5{ . To;a]nf dl:tisn] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g . To;}n] t ef]hgkl5 dl:tissf]
sfd ug{ sl7g x'G5 . ha/h:tL sfd u/fpg vf]h] k]6n] krfpg ;Sb}g lsgeg] r]tgfn] k]6nfO{
rflxg] r]tgf k|bfg ug{ ;Sb}g . To:t} sd ef]hg u/]df klg r]tgf k]6lt/ nfU5 lsgeg] k]6n]
ef]ssf sf/0f c¿ ef]hgsf] cfjZostfsf ;DaGwdf va/ lbO/xG5 . k]6 kL8fsf] :yn ag]df
r]tgf k]6df cl8\sG5 / ulx/f] cGt/ofqf ug{ c;dy{ x'G5 .
To;}n] ef]hgdf ;Gt'ng x'g'k5{ . ;Gt'lnt ef]hgn] r]tgf k]6lt/ hfFb}g h;sf sf/0f r]tgf
cGt/ofqf ug{ ;S5 . lg›f sd nfUbf z/L/sf c0f' c0f' Pjd\ /f}+ /f}+n] lj>fd k'u]g eg]/ k'sf/
u5{g\ / ysfg dx;'; x'G5 . r]tgf xfd|f] z/L/sf] lj>fdsf nflu cft'/ x'G5 . Hofbf ;'Tg] cfbt
agfof“}+ eg] jf cfjZostfeGbf a9L ;'ltof] eg] z/L/ ;':t x'G5, cfn:o / k|dfbn] el/G5 . r]tgf
k"/f ;do p;sf] k|efjn] kLl8t x'G5 . lg›fsf] klg cg'kft x'G5, lg›f klg ;Gt'lnt x'g'k5{ Hofbf
klg xf]Og / sd klg xf]Og . JolQmTj cg'kftxLg geP/ ;dfg'kflts x'g'k5{ . cg'kftxLg JolQmTj
c/fhs x'G5 / o;df leqsf] noa4tf 6'6\g] x'gfn] Wofgdf afwf k'U5, h;n] ubf{ leqsf] ofqf x'g
;Sb}g . cg'kft k|To]s JolQmsf nflu leGg x'G5 . a[4a[4fnfO{ lg›f sd k5{ ha ls lszf]/ Pjd\
o'jfnfO{ Hofbf lg›f nfU5 . cfdfsf] k]6df aRrf @$ 306f ;'T5 lsgeg] To;a]nf z/L/ lgld{t
eO/x]sf] x'G5 . aRrf hlGdPkl5 @# 306f, @@ 306f, @) 306f !* 306f ;'Tg yfN5 . hlt hlt
pd]/ a9\b} hfG5 Tolt Tolt lg›f sd x'Fb} hfG5 . cg'kft adf]lhd lg›f gk/] k|s[ltsf] Joj:yf
c:tJo:t x'G5 . d[To' ;lGgs6 pd]/sf j[4j[4fnfO{ #–$ 306f dfq ;'t] k'U5 lsgeg] z/L/df ca

nf]suLtf– 233
cWofo–^
s'g} lgdf{0f x'Fb}g . z/L/ ca lj;lh{t x'g] tof/L ub}{ 5 . lg›f lgdf{0fsf/L tŒj ePsfn] z/L/df
gjLg lgdf{0f sfo{sf nflu o;sf] h?/t k5{ .
afNofj:yfaf6 g} slt ef]hg rflxG5 eGg] s'/fsf] lgSof]{n k|s[ltn] xf]Og of] cfdfn] to
ul5{g\ . aRrf ha vfgf vfg c:jLsf/ u5{, ta cfdf df]xjz Hofbf v'jfpg] r]i6f ul5{g\ .
Psk6s k|s[ltn] ;Gt'ng u'dfof] eg] ljk/Lt cltdf hfg ;S5 . t/ To:tf] cj:yfdf k'gM
;Gt'ngdf lkmtf{ x'g d'l:sn x'G5 . xfdL aRrfsf] lg›f, ef]hg cflb :jefj gi6 u5f}{+ / hLjge/
lbSs aG5f“}+ . afnaflnsfsf] clwst/ /f]u afa'cfdfsf] ef]hg u/fpg] afgLsf] sf/0fn] x'G5 .
dg'iodf dfq ef]hg;DaGwL ljs[lt 5 . kz'nfO{ dflg;n] afWo kf¥of] eg] dfq unt cfxf/f lnG5 .
olb hgfj/ la/fdL k¥of] eg] cfxf/f lng aGb u5{ / k]6df ePsf] vfgfnfO{ klg aflx/ pu|fP/ jf
jdg u/]/ ˆofFlslbG5 . s's'/nfO{ k]6df tslnkm eof] jf krfpg ufx|f] eof] eg] 3fF; rkfP/ pN6L
u5{ . ef]hg aflx/ ˆofFS5 / k]6 vfnL u5{ . k]6 ;'Jojl:yt gx'Gh]n;Dd cfxf/f lnFb}g . s]jn
dg'io dfq o:tf] k|f0fL xf] hf] k|s[ltsf] s'/f ;'Gb}g . xfdL s]6fs]6L pd]/b]lv g} ef]hgsf ;DaGwdf
afgL lauf5f}{+ . ha afnsnfO{ ef]s x'Fb}g, ta hah{:tL ¿kdf b'wnufotsf j:t' v'jfOG5 t/ ef]s
nfu]sf] a]nfdf v'jfOFb}g . o;af6 xfd|f] ef]hg, lg›f, hfu/0f / hLjgsf ;f/f rof{x¿ cltdf
8f]ln/xG5g\ / ;dGjo ;dfKt x'G5 .
;f/f sl7gfOx¿ jf b'vb ;do k“}+lt; jif{kl5 k|f/De x'G5 lsgeg] ToxL afgLnfO{ k}+lt;
jif{kl5 klg xfdL hf/L /fV5f“}+ . xfdL Tolt g} vfG5f}+ hlt k}+lt; jif{cl3 vfGYof“}+ t/ clxn] Tolt
ef]hgsf] h?/t g} kb}{g . Tolt g} ;do ;'Tg] k|oTg u5f}{+ hlt k“}+lt; jif{cl3 ;'TYof“}+ . lg›f gnfUbf
lbSs x'G5f}F t/ s] s'/f a'‰b}gf“}+ eg] ca Tolt g} ;do ;'Tg cfjZos 5}g . To;}n] ;hu eP/
JolQmn] b}lgs lg›fjlw to ug{'k5{ . l7s ;dodf cfˆgf] h?/t cg';f/ ef]hg, lg›f, :gfg /
;Dos\ rof{n] Pp6f cfGtl/s ;'v–zflGtsf] efjbzf aGb5 / o:tf] zflGtsf] cj:yfdf JolQm
;/ntfn] Wofgdf k|j]z ug{ ;S5 . xfdLn] s]jn Pp6} s'/fdf ljrf/ ug{'k5{ ls olb xfdL l7s;Fu
afFlr/x]sf 5f}+“ eg] xfd|f] z/L/n] ;'vsf] ;Gb]z lbO/x]sf] x'G5 . To:t} z/L/n] b'vsf] ;Gb]z lbFb} 5
eg] xfdL unt 9Ën] afFr]sf x'G5f}+“ . of] g} ;'v / b'vsf] dfkb08 xf] .
clt >d u/] klg gf]S;fg x'G5 / >d gu/] klg gf]S;fg g} x'G5 . pd]/;Fu} >d ug]{
cfjZostf klg ablnG5 . afnaflnsfnfO{ hlt >dsf] h?/L x'G5 Tolt a'9fnfO{ cfjZos x'Fb}g .
a'l4n] sfd ug]{ JolQm / z/L/n] sfd ug]{ JolQmsf cfjZostf leGg leGg x'G5g\ . a'l4n] sfd ug]{
JolQm sd ef]hg u5{ t/ zf/Ll/s >d ug]{ JolQmnfO{ clws ef]hgsf] cfjZostf k5{ . zf/Ll/s
>d ug]{ JolQmnfO{ yk >d jf Jofofdsf] h?/t kb}{g t/ a'l4n] sfd ug]{ JolQmnfO{ Jofofdsf]
cfjZostf x'G5 . k|s[ltn] ;Gt'ng dfU5 . h;n] k|fs[lts ;Gt'ng k"/f ub}{g To;n] hLjgdf
b'vl;jfo s]xL kfpFb}g . Wofg / of]udf k|j]zsf nflu Pp6f ;Gt'lnt z/L/ rflxG5 . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f l;wf ;'emfj k|bfg gu/]/ lgod atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . g t clt ef]hg, g t cNk ef]hg, g
clt lg›f, g clt hfu/0f, g clt >d g clt lj>fd, olt eg]/ pxfF kl/df0f eGg'x'Gg . of]
xfdLnfO{ / ch{'gnfO{ 5f]l8lbg'x'G5 . s] l7s xf] eg]/ xfd|f] cfjZostfaf/] a'l4n] vf]h ug{'k5{ .
k|To]s JolQm cfˆgf] hLjgsf] lgoGtf cfkm“} aGg'k5{ .
lg›f;DaGwL cg';Gwfg cg';f/ k|To]s JolQmsf] tfkdfg /flt @ 306f 36\5 . laxfg h'g
xfdL lr;f] cg'ej u5f}{+ Tof] aflx/sf] lr;f]n] geO{ xfd|f] z/L/sf] tfkdfg @ l8u|L tn emgf{n] ePsf]
xf] . j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ ToxL laxfgkv ulx/f] lg›fsf] 306f xf] / Tof] @ 306f s'g} JolQm

nf]suLtf– 234
 cWofo–^
l7s;Fu ;'Tg kfof] eg] lbge/ pm :jR5 x'G5 . t/ Tof] tfkdfg 36\g] ;dosf] @ 306f /fd|/L ;'Tg
kfPg eg] * 306f ;'t] klg pm km'lt{nf] x'g ;Sb}g / p;nfO{ lg›f k'Ub}g . Tof] tfkdfg 36\g] @
306fsf] ;do JolQmcg';f/ leGg–leGg x'g ;S5 . s'g} dflg;sf] laxfg @ ah]b]lv $ ah];Dd
tfkdfg em5{ eg] s;}sf] laxfg % ah]b]lv & ah];Dd tfkdfg em5{ . k'?if / :qLsf lar cg]s
k|of]ukl5 Tof] @ 306fsf] cjlw kQf nfu]sf] xf] . clws k'?if % ah] p7\g ;S5g\ t/ :qL p7\g
;Sb}gg\ . of] z/L/sf] cGt/n] ePsf] xf] . z/L/sf] cfˆgf] lgod 5 h'g a|Xdf08;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 .
:qLsf] dfl;s–wd{ -/h:jnf_ rG›;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 . To;}n] @* lbgsf] cjlwkl5 /h:jnf x'G5
h'g rG›dfsf] rf/ ;Ktfx;Fu ;DjlGwt x'G5 . h;/L rG›dfsf] k|efj ;d'›df k5{ To;} u/L :qLsf]
z/L/df klg o;sf] c;/ x'G5 t/ clxn] :qLsf] dfl;s–wd{df klg kl/jt{g x'g yfn]sf] 5 lsgeg]
;Eotf ;Fu;Fu} ljs[ltx¿ klg hlGdPsf 5g\ . klxn] lj/f6\;Fu h'g tfnd]n :yflkt lyof] Tof]
c:tJo:t x'g yfn]sf] 5 h;n] ubf{ k[YjLdf krf; k|ltzt :qLx¿ dfl;s–wd{sf sf/0f b'vdf
5g\ . :qLsf] JolQmTjdf h'g k|s[ltsf] cg's"ntf x'g'kg]{ xf] Tof] ;Gt'ng ;dfKt x'g yfn]sfn] o:tf]
c;/ k/]sf] xf] . xfdL cfˆg} 9Ëaf6 afFRg yfNof}+“ / cfk"m lj/f6\ k|s[lts} lx:;f ePsf] klg lal;{of“}+ .
JolQmdf c;dembf/L Hofbf ePsf]n] leqaf6 ;Gt'ng klg tf]l8“b} uPsf] 5 .
ha;Dd lah'nL aQLsf] Joj:yf lyPg, ta;Dd k[YjLdf lg›fsf] ;d:of g} lyPg . clxn]
klg cflbjf;Lx¿df lg›fsf] ;d:of 5}g . s]xL cflbjf;Lx¿ t /flqdf ;kgf klg b]Vb}gg\ .
slxn]sfxLF dfq ;kgf b]Vg] dflg;sf] ;kgf dxŒjk"0f{ ;"rs x'g ;S5 . cg';Gwfgsf dfWodaf6
j}1flgsx¿ s] eG5g\ eg] ;'lzlIft JolQm /ftL lg›fdf !) ldg]6 dfq ;kgfeGbf aflx/ x'G5g\
cGoyf ;du| /ft ;kgfdf g} lalt/x]sf] x'G5 . h;sf] hLjg ;Gt'lnt 5 p;nfO{ dfq uf9f lg›f
nfU5 / :j:Yo x'gsf nflu uf9f lg›f cfjZos x'G5 . h;sf] ef]s / ef]hg Pjd\ jf0fL / dg
;Gt'lnt 5 p;nfO{ dfq uf9f lg›f nfU5 . lg›f gnfUg] JolQm Wofgdf Psfu| x'g} ;Sb}g . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cfˆgf] cfjZostfg';f/ cfxf/, ljxf/ Pjd\ Jojxf/ ;Gt'lnt ug{'k5{ . xfd|f ;f/f
r]i6f c;Dos\ x'G5g\ . xfdL cfjZoseGbf sd r]i6f jf clws r]i6f u5f}{+ . s'g sd{sf nflu slt
>d ug]{ / slt zlQm nufpg] eGg]af/] Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 .
of]uLn] ;b}j sd{df ;Dos\ r]i6f ug]{ s'/fdf Wofg lbg'kb{5 . a'4n] ;Dos\ r]i6fsf nflu
7'nf] Joj:yf ug{'ePsf] 5 . a'4 h;nfO{ ci6flËs dfu{ eGg'x'G5 Tof] ;a} ;Dos\df cfwfl/t 5 .
;Dos\ Jofofd, ;Dos\ >d, ;Dos\ :d[lt, ;Dos\ bz{g, ;Dos\ 1fg, ;Dos\ cfxf/ cflb ;a} s'/f
;Dos\ xf]pmg\, s'g} klg c;Dos\ gxf]cf];\ eGg] xf] . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f ;Dos\lt/ O;f/f ub}{
eGg'x'G5– sd{ g clws g sd Tof] ;Dos\ x'g'k 5{ . o; k|sf/sf] ;Dos\ sd{n] afFWb}g / h;n]
;Dos\ r]i6f u5{ pm sd{eGbf aflx/ x'G5 . hf] cfjZostfeGbf Hofbf sd{ u5{ pm sd kmnk|flKt
x'Fbf k5'tfpF5 / lrlGtt aG5 . ;Dos\ sd{ ug]{ dflg; sdf{g';f/sf] kmnk|flKt x'Fbf ;Gt'i6 x'G5 .
xfd|f c;Dos\ sd{sf sf/0f xfd|f] k'gh{Gd x'G5 . xfd|f k'/fgf hGdsf c;Dos\ sd{ / o; hGdsf
c;Dos\ sd{sf] ef/ ylkP/ hf]l8G5 / Tof] a9\b} hfG5 clg hGd hGdfGt/;Dd e8\sg'k5{ . ;Dos\
sd{ ug]{sf] k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g, pgLx¿ df]If k|fKt u5{g\ .
obf ljlgot+ lrQdfTdGo]jfjlti7t] .
lgM:k[xM ;j{sfd]Eof] o'Qm OTo'Rot] tbf ..!*..
;+oldt cfxf/ ljxf/ Pjd\ hfu/0fn] o'Qm lrQ ha k/dfTdfdf l:yt /xG5 ta k'?if ;a}
ef}lts OR5f–cfsfª\Iffaf6 d'Qm x'G5 / ToxL d'Qm k'?if g} of]udf :yflkt k'?if slxG5 ..

nf]suLtf– 235
cWofo–^
of]usf] cEof;n] dfq lrQ z'4 / zfGt x'G5 t/ xfd|f] cz'4 x'g] cEof; uxg 5 . xfd|f]
hl6n x'g] s'zntf klg cb\e't 5 / :jod\nfO{ ;d:ofdf hfSg klg xfdL s'zn 5f“}+ . xfdLn]
lhGbuLdf o:tf] aGbf]a:t u/]sf 5f“},+ hxfF cfgGbsf] cfudg x'g g;sf];\ . rf}tkmL{ ¿kdf xfdLn]
cfkm"nfO{ gs{lt/ pGd'v u/fO/x]sf 5f}+“ . o;sf ljk/Lt lbzfdf hfg] k|of;sf] gfd g} of]ufEof; xf] .
xfdL t ;b}j czflGtsf nflu g} cEof; ul//xG5f}+“ . of]ufEof;n] xfd|f] gsf/fTds efjnfO{
;sf/fTds sf/0f vf]Hgdf nufpF5 . lhGbuLdf gsf/fTds / ;sf/fTds b'j} kIf df}h'b 5g\ .
gsf/fTds efjn] /fd|f] s'/fdf klg gsf/fTds kIfnfO{ vf]H5 / /fd|f] s'/fnfO{ lal;{G5 . ;sf/fTds
;f]rjfnf JolQmn] g/fd|f] s'/fdf klg /fd|f] kIfnfO{ klxn] vf]H5 . czflGtsf] cEof;df tNnLg
x'g]x¿ eg] x/]s JolQmdf g/fd|f] s'/fsf] vf]hL u5{g\ . of] cl:tTjdf k"/f /fd|f / g/fd|f sf]xL klg
x'Fb}gg\ cyf{t\ c;n JolQmdf klg s]xL cju'0f x'G5 / v/fa JolQmdf klg s]xL c;n u'0f kSs} x'G5 .
xfdL s] rog u5f}{+ eGg] s'/f xfd|f] 5gf]6df / xfd|f] cEof;df e/ k5{ olb xfdL v/fa
s'/fsf] 5gf]6 ug]{ s'/fdf cEo:t 5f“}+ eg] xfdLnfO{ g/fd|f] s'/f g} /fd|f] nfU5 . lhGbuLdf k|z:t
g/fd|f s'/fx¿ df}h'b 5g\ . xfdL h] vf]H5f}+“ ToxL kfpF5f“}+ . g/fd|f] vf]H5f}+ eg] g/fd|f], b'v vf]h] b'v,
cFWof/f] vf]h] cGwsf/ / kL8f vf]h] kL8f g} kfpF5f}+“ . k/dfTdfsf] vf]hL u¥of}+“ eg] k/dfTdf klg oxL“+
df}h'b 5g\ . hf] JolQm sfF8fx¿sf] lardf k|e'sf] nLnf, rdTsf/ eg]/ km"nsf] ;'Gb/tf vf]Hg ;S5
p;n] s]xL ;dodf sfF8fsf] cl:tTj klg lal;{G5 / p;n] tL sfF8fx¿ km"nsf] ;'/Iffy{ /x]sf x'g\
eGg] ;f]Rb5 . cGttM p;n] klg sfF8fljgf km"n l;lh{g ;Sb}g / sfF8fnfO{ klg km"n / km"nsf]
lj:tf/sf] ¿kdf ;f]Rb5 . xfd|f] b[li6 clncln ub}{ km}lnP/ lg/k]If x'G5 . cl:tTj åGå xf] hxfF b'j}
kIf df}h'b x'G5g\ .
hLjgdf zflGt, cfgGb, ;f}Gbo{, g[To / pT;jsf] dfu{ vf]Hg] JolQm g} of]ufEof;L xf] .
of]ufEof;sf] cy{ hLjgnfO{ lawfos b[li6n] x]g]{ 9Ë xf] . k'/fgf] cEof;nfO{ of]usf dfWodn]
sf6\g'kg]{ x'G5 . xfdLn] gsf/fTds 3/ agfPsf 5f“}+ eg] To;nfO{ g} ;sf/fTds b[li6n] tf]8]/ gofF
3/ agfpg'k5{ . xfd|f unt cEof; Pjd\ b'ik|j[lQnfO{ sf6\g] dfWod of]ufEof; xf] . xfdLn] g/fd|f]df
/fd|f], zq'df ldq / ljifdf cd[t vf]Hg'k5{ . xfdL h] kfpg rfxG5fF} cfkm"n] klg ToxL ug{'k5{ .
cfkm"leq z'e vf]Hg'k5{ clg dfq z'e k|fKt x'g ;S5 . sfdjf;gfdf :ju{sf] af6f] vf]Hof“}+ eg] Tof]
sfdjf;gf pmWj{ufdL x'g yfN5 . qmf]wdf Ifdf vf]h]df qmf]wsf] zlQm g} Ifdf aGb5≤ sfdsf] zlQm g}
a|Xdro{sf] zlQm aGb5≤ nf]esf] zlQm bfg aG5 . clxn];Dd hLjgnfO{ x]g]{ 9ËnfO{ ljk/Lt lbzfaf6
x]g{'k5{ . unt cEof;nfO{ sf6\g] cEof; u/]df b'isd{ x6]/ z'e dfq z]if /xG5 . z'e xfd|f] :jefj
xf] / z'e k|fKt ug{ s'g} cEof; ug{'kb}{g t/ cz'enfO{ sf6]/ z'e Nofpg eg] cEof; ug'{kg]{ x'G5 /
oxL cEof; g} of]ufEof; xf] .
cfTd1fgLx¿sf cg';f/ dg'iosf] :jefj g} k/dfTdf x'g' xf] . dflg; k/dfTdfsf] vf]hL u5{
t/ hf] vf]Hg lg:s]sf] 5 pm :jod\ k/dfTdf ePkl5 aflx/ vf]h]/ k/dfTdf kfOFb}g . hf] k/dfTdf
vf]Hg lg:s]sf] 5 p;sf] vf]h :jod\sf] g} vf]h xf] . oBlk xfdL vf]hsfo{ hf/L /fV5f“}+ lsgeg] of]
vf]hLsf] sf/0f xfd|f] lj:d/0f xf] . :jefj x/fpg ;lsF+b}g t/ o;nfO{ la;{g ;lsG5 . k/dfTdf
s]jn lj:d[t 5 / of]un] Tof] lj:d/0fnfO{ tf]8]/ k'gM :d/0f u/fpg d2t u5{ . of]usf] k|of]u s'g}
lrh kfpgsf nflu xf]Og, s'g} c8l\sPsf s'/fnfO{ tf]8\gsf nflu xf], of]uaf6 xfdL;Fu ePsf
lrhx¿sf] k'gM :d/0f dfq x'g] xf] . of]u lj:d/0fnfO{ sf6\g] ljlw xf] . xfdLleqsf] k/dfTdfsf]
hfgsf/L klg Psk6s lj:d/0f geO{ yfxf x'Fb}g . la/fdL geO{ :jf:Yosf af/]df yfxf x'Fb}g . To;}n]

nf]suLtf– 236
 cWofo–^
lj:d/0f :d/0fsf] k|lqmofsf] clgjfo{ cË xf] . O{Zj/;Fu 6fl9g' O{Zj/sf] glhs cfpg] k|fylds sbd
xf] . hf] k/dfTdf;Fu k/ ePsf 5g\ ltgn] dfq k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;S5g\ . r]tgfn] klg cfTdfaf6
lj:d/0f ePkl5 dfq cfTdfsf] :d/0f ug{ ;S5 .
lj:d[ltsf ljk/Lt ofqf of]u xf] h'g k'gM 3/ lkmtf{ x'g] k|lqmof xf] . of]u z'4 lj1fg xf] .
;gftg wd{af6 tLgj6f wd{x¿ af}4, h}g / lzv pTklQ ePsf 5g\ . logLx¿df hlt;'s} ;}4flGts
ljjfb eP klg of]usf ;DaGwdf s'g} ljjfb 5}g . of]u s'g} l;4fGt xf]Og, cWofTd klg xf]Og . of]u
Pp6f k|lqmof / k|of]u xf] o;nfO{ h;n] u/] klg cg'ej kmlnt x'G5 . To;}n] of]u Ps cy{df ;d:t
wd{sf] ;f/ xf] . O:nfd, ox'bL, lqml:rog, kf/;L wd{sf] klg of]uk|lt s'g} lj/f]w 5}g . of]un]
k/dfTdf s] xf] eGb}g a? k/dfTdfnfO{ s;/L hfGg ;lsG5 To;sf af/]df eG5 . of]u eG5– ltdL
:jod\ cfFvf vf]n / hfg d t s]jn cfFvf vf]Ng] 9Ë dfq atfpg ;S5' . lj1fg kbfy{ut x'G5 eg]
of]u ljifout jf cfTdut x'G5 . lj1fgn] kbfy{sf] / of]un] k/dfTdfsf] vf]hL u5{ . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– of]usf] ;tt cEof;n] JolQmnfO{ k/dfTdfdf k|ltli7t u/fpF5 .
dg'iosf] z/L/df hlt zlQmsf] pkof]u ul/G5 To;eGbf cgGt u'0ff a9L zlQm k}bf ug]{
Joj:yf / ;'lawf x'G5 . ;fwf/0f JolQmsf] 5ftLaf6 sf/ rnfpg ;lsFb}g t/ ef/tsf /fdd"lt{sf]
5ftLaf6 sf/ rnfpg ;lsG5 . x'g t pgsf] / xfd|f] 5ftLlar s'g} cGt/ of e]b 5}g . xfdL h'g
zlQmsf] slxNo} pkof]u ub}{gf}+ Tof] zlQm /fdd"lt{n] pkof]u u5{g\ . xfdL 5ftLaf6 Zjf; lvRg] /
ˆofFSg] sfd dfq u5f}{+ t/ pgL ToxL 5ftLaf6 sf/ cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ u/fpF5g\ . pgL;Fu o; /x:oaf/]
;f]Wbf pgL eG5g\– /x:o 6fo/ / 6\o'a h:t} xf] . ;fwf/0f /a/sf] 6\o'adf xfjf e/]kl5 ux|f}+ ef/L
af]Sg] ;fdYo{ /fV5 . To:t} d cfˆgf] kmf]S;f]af6 ToxL sfd lnG5', h'g uf8Lsf] 6fo/n] 6\o'a;Fu
lnG5 . xfjfnfO{ ljz]if cg'kftdf /f]S5' To;}n] d]/f] 5ftLaf6 xfQL of uf8L lgl:sFbf klg To;sf]
s'g} af]em ddfly kb}{g . Tof] af]em xfjf dfly k5{ t/ o; k|lqmofsf nflu Pp6f cEof;sf]
cfjZostf x'G5 . xfd|f] z/L/ cyfx Ifdtfn] o'Qm 5, h;sf] xfdLnfO{ s'g} hfgsf/L 5}g . tL ;f/f
Ifdtf cg'kof]uL ¿kdf Joy{ v]/ uO/x]sf 5g\ lsgeg] hLjgdf To;sf] s'g} cfjZostf g} kb}{g .
j}1flgs eG5g\– xfd|f] z/L/df ePsf bz k|ltzteGbf a9L Ifdtf xfdL pkof]u ub}{gf}+ / gAa]
k|ltzt z/L/sf zlQm lgliqmo jf k|of]uljxLg 5g\ .
of]usf] klxnf] sfd z/L/leq ;'t]/ /x]sf gAa] k|ltzt k|of]uljxLg zlQmnfO{ hufpg' xf]
h;sf dfWodaf6 cGt/ofqf x'g;S5 lsgeg] ljgf pmhf{ of zlQm s'g} ofqf x'g ;Sb}g .
k/dfTdf;Ddsf] ofqf uxg ofqf xf] / o;sf nflu xfdL;Fu pmhf{ x'g' h?/L 5 . h'g zlQmsf] xfdL
k|of]u u5f}{+ Tof] zlQm xfd|f] b}lgs sfo{df ;dfKt x'G5 / s]xL aRb}g . leq n's]sf] zlQmnfO{ hufpg
;lsFb}g . of]un] leq n's]sf] zlQm hufpg] sfd ub{5 . of]un] Tof] zlQm s;/L hufpg ;lsG5
eg]/ vf]h u/]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu k|f0ffofdsf] ljlw 5 h;n] xfd|f] ;'t]sf] of lgliqmo ePsf]
zlQmnfO{ k|xf/ ug]{ / ykykfpg] sfo{ ub{5 . of]un] cf;gsf vf]hL u5{ / cf;gn] xfd|f] z/L/df
n's]sf] pmhf{sf] ;|f]tsf] ljGb'nfO{ bafa lbg] sfd ub{5 tfls Tof] n's]sf] zlQm ;lqmo x'g ;sf];\ .
xfd|f] z/L/df ePsf zlQmnfO{ bafPdf ToxfF /x]sf lgliqmo pmhf{ ;lqmo x'G5g\ . hxfF zlQm n's]sf]
5 of] zlQmsf] ljGb'nfO{ of]urqm eGb5g\ . k|To]s rqmdf n's]sf zlQmx¿ 5g\ . k|f0ffofdsf
ljlwaf6 k|To]s rqmsf zlQmx¿nfO{ ;lqmo agfpg] cf;gx¿ klg 5g\ .
/flt ;'Tbf tlsofsf] k|of]u ul/Pg eg] z/L/sf] /ut lz/lt/ k|jflxt x'G5 . lz/sf tGt'x¿
/utsf] ultn] ;hu aGg] ePsfn] lg›f nfUb}g . To;}n] /ut lz/lt/ k|jflxt gxf]cf];\ eg]/

nf]suLtf– 237
cWofo–^
tlsofsf] k|of]u ul/G5 . zLiff{;gsf dfWodaf6 of]uLx¿ ;f/f z/L/sf] /ut lz/lt/ aufpF5g\ .
j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ xfd|f] dl:tis clxn] hlt sfd ug]{ Ifdtf /fV5 Tof] s]jn Ps rf}yfO dfq
xf] . afFsL tLg rf}yfO dl:tis aGb /x]sfn] slxNo} s'g} sfd ub}{g . Tof] lgliqmo dl:tisnfO{
zLiff{;gsf dfWodaf6 /utsf] tLj| rf]6 of bafa lbP/ ;lqmo u/fpg ;lsG5 lsgeg] of]
k|of]uljxLg ylGsP/ /x]sf] dl:tissf] lx:;fnfO{ /utsf] rfk of bafan] g} ;lqmo agfpF5 .
dl:tissf] Tof] lx:;f hf] aGb 5, To;n] sfd ug{ yfNof] eg] JolQmsf] :d/0f jf hfgsf/Ldf
u'0ffTds kl/jt{g eO{ cfd"n cGt/ b]vfk5{ . JolQm gjLg 9Ën] b]Vg] / ;f]Rg] x'G5 / Pp6f gjLg
b[li6 lgdf{0f x'G5 .
o;/L z/L/sf] rqmdf n's]sf ljz]if pmhf{x¿ of]usf] dfWodåf/f pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
of]uf;g oL ;a} rqmx¿sf] pmhf{nfO{ hfu[t u/fpg] k|of]u xf] . of]uåf/f z/L/ Pp6f hLjGt pmhf{sf]
;fsf/ ¿k aG5 . oL zlQm¿kL ofgdf r9]/ cGt/ofqf x'g;S5 cGoyf cGt/ofqf cToGt sl7g
x'G5 . k|e'sf] :d/0f of]uzlQmx¿sf] k|of]uaf6 x'g ;S5 . of]un] zlQmsf ;'if'Kt ;|f]tnfO{ ;hLj,
hfu[t / k'ghL{ljt u/fpF5 . z/L/df s}of“}+ pmhf{;|f]tx¿ 5g\ . of]un] tL ;a} zlQmx¿nfO{ ;lqmo
t'Nofpg] ljlw vf]h]sf] 5, To;sf] lg/Gt/sf] cEof;n] JolQmnfO{ k/dfTdfdf k|ltli7t u/fpg ;S5 .
clxn] xfdL;Fu ePsf] dg lnP/ xfdL k/dfTdfdf k'Ug ;Sb}gf“}+ . oxL dgsf sf/0f xfdL
kbfy{lt/ cfslif{t ePsf 5f}+“ . of] dgn] xfdLnfO{ kbfy{;Fu hf]8\b5 . k/dfTdf;Fu tf]8\g] of] dgnfO{
of]usf dfWodaf6 lqmofzLn u/fO{ gjLg dg k}bf ug{'k5{ . h;/L z/L/sf] zlQm hufpg cf;g,
k|f0ffofd / d'›fx¿sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 To;/L g} of]uaf6 gofF dg l;lh{g'k5{ . x7of]un] o;
;DaGwdf ck"j{ r]i6f u/]sf] 5 . o:tf w]/} /x:ox¿ vf]h]sf] 5 h;af6 lj1fg klg ckl/lrt 5 .
x7of]usf cg';f/ /utsf] ult :j]R5fn] rNg / aGb x'g ;S5 . z/L/sf] pd]/ klg ljz]if
k|lqmofaf6 nfdf] / sd ug{ ;lsG5 .
;g\ !**) df OlhK6df Ps hgf of]uL $) jif{kl5 cfˆgf] lrxfg vg]/ slkmg lgsfNg
cfu|x ub}{ cfkm" ToltGh]n;Dd hLljt g} /xg] 3f]if0ff u/]/ hLljt cj:yfdf g} ;dflw:y eP . ;g\
!(@) df cyf{t\ ;dflw:y ePsf] $) jif{kl5 pgsf] lrxfg vg]/ slkmg lgsfNg'kg]{ lyof] . pgsf
;dsfnLg / cGo To; a]nfsf o'jfo'jtLx¿ klg dl/;s]sf lyP . s]xL afnaflnsfx¿ dfq afFr]sf
lyP . ;g\ !(@) ;Dd sl/a pgsf] 3f]if0ff ;a}n] e'ln;s]sf lyP . cs:dft\ Tof] 3f]if0ffsf] sfuh
xft k¥of] / vg]/ lgsfNbf pgL hLljt cj:yfdf g} km]nf k/] . o;/L pgL hLljt xf]nfg\ eGg]
s'/fdf s;}nfO{ e/f];f lyPg . $) jif{sf] cGt/fndf klg pgsf] pd]/df s'g} kl/jt{g b]vfk/]g .
pgsf kmfOndf ePsf $) jif{ cl3sf lrq / clxn]sf lrqdf s'g} leGgtf lyPg, x'ax' p:t} lyof] .
;g\ !(@) df lrxfgaf6 hLljt eP/ aflx/ cfPsf pgL c¿ gf} dlxgf yk afFr] . of] gf} dlxgfdf
olt cGt/ cfof] ls Tolt pgsf] z/L/df $) jif{df klg cfPsf] lyPg . pgnfO{ o;sf] /x:o ;f]Wbf
k|f0ffofdsf] ;fwf/0f k|of]uåf/f cfkm" $) jif{ hLljt /xg ;s]sf] s'/f atfP . pgn] ;f;nfO{
lgoGq0fdf /fVg] k|of]u d hfGb5' / of] To;}sf] kl/0ffd xf] eg] .
pmhf{sf] Pp6f lx:;f z/L/ / csf]{ dg xf] . of]un] gjLg dg / :jR5 z/L/ sfod /fVg]
ljlw of ;"q vf]h]sf] 5 . of]usf] csf]{ vf]h zAb / dGqsf] k|of]u cyf{t\ Wjlg xf] . o;sf nflu
dGqof]usf] k"/f Joj:yf 5 . xfd|f] lrQ Wjlgx¿n] rN5 h'g xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g . ef/tLo k|Voft
;ËLt1 cf]dsf/gfy 7fs'/ Psk6s O6nLsf zf;s d';f]lngLsf cltly aGg'eof] . ef]hgsf
;dodf Vofn7§fdf g} d';f]lngLn] ;f]w–] s[i0fn] afF;'/L ahfpFbf hgfj/x¿ klg cfpFy], ufO{,

nf]suLtf– 238
 cWofo–^
do"/x¿ gfRy] elgG5 t/ s] of] ;Dej 5 < ;ËLt1 cf]dsf/gfy 7fs'/n] eGg'eof]– >Ls[i0fsf]
h:tf] d]/f] ;fdYo{ 5}g ;fy} pxfFsf] h:tf] :d/0f of 1fg cGo s'g} JolQm;Fu 5}g / x'g klg ;Sb}g .
d t ;ËLtsf] sv/f dfq hfGb5' t}klg oxfFsf] cg'dlt kfP Tof] ;fdfGo ;ËLt ahfP/ b]vfpF5' .
d';f]lngLsf] cg'dlt kfP/ cf]dsf/gfyn] cfkm";Fu jfBjfbgsf ;fdu|L geP klg vfgf vfg] rDrf
xftdf lnP/ lrofsf] sk Pjd\ efF8fs'F8fx¿df ahfpg yfNg'eof] . kfFr–;ft ldg]6df g}
d';f]lngLsf cfFvf gzfn] nÝ eP / pgL a]xf];Lsf] cj:yfdf k'u] . ;ËLtsf] tfnn] pgsf] 6fpsf]
6]andf cfkm}+ 7f]lSsg yfNof] . hlt hf]8 / tfndf ;ËLt aHYof] Tolt g} hf]8sf ;fy pgL 6]andf
6fpsf] 7f]Sg yfn] . lardf hf]8n] s/fP/ d';f]lngLn] ;ËLt1nfO{ cfkm"n] 6fpsf] /f]Sg} g;s]sfn]
;ËLt /f]Sg cg'/f]w u/] . cf]dsf/gfyn] ;ËLt /f]s] ptf d';f]lngLsf] 6fpsf] /utfDo eO;s]sf]
lyof] . kl5 d';f]lngLn] cfˆgf] cfTdsyfdf n]v]sf 5g\ ls d}n] >Ls[i0fsf af/]df h] eg]sf] lyPF
To;sf nflu Ifdf rfxG5' . pgL yK5g\– >Ls[i0fsf] afF;'/Lsf] :j/sf] cfsif{0fn] lvlrP/ kSs} hËnL
hgfj/x¿ cfpFy] xf]nfg\ .
Wjlg lrQsf] ;"Id t/Ë xf] h;df xfdL afFR5f“}+ . klZrdf Wjlgzf:qLx¿ eG5g\– ToxfF olt
w]/} ljlIfKttf a9\g'sf] sf/0f ;jf/Lsf ;fwgx¿ / xjfO{hxfh cflbsf] Wjlg xf] . ToxfF
;jf/L;fwgsf WjlgnfO{ dgn] ;xg g;s]/ dflg;x¿ ljlIfKt ePsf 5g\ . h;/L cGo s'g} Wjlg
;'g]/ dflg; kfun ePsf 5g\ To;/L g} s'g} Wjlg ;'g]/ dflg; zfGt Pjd\ ;dflw:y klg x'g
;S5g\ . dGqof]u o;sf] r]i6f xf] . o;k|sf/sf] Wjlg dGqof]un] vf]h]sf] 5 . Wjlgsf] cfGtl/s
pRrf/, Åbout pRrf/ Pjd\ k|f0fut pRrf/n] dgnfO{ gjLg ¿k lbg yfN5 . k|To]s Wjlgsf]
cfˆgf] gd'gf 5 . k[YjLdf ;a}eGbf ;+j]bgzLn j:t' g} xfd|f] lrQ xf] . xfdL a:bf, p7\bf, lxF8\bf h'g
Wjlg, t/Ë ;'G5f}+“, To;n] Psk|sf/sf] dgsf] lgdf{0f u5{ . of]u eG5– olb k/dfTdfdf hfg' 5 eg]
gofF dg rflxG5 . To;}n] Tof] Wjlg k|of]u u/ h'g Wjlgn] k/dfTdflt/ hfgsf nflu noa4 dg
lgdf{0f ug{ ;S5 . o;}n] ubf{ lg/Gt/ zAb bf]xf]¥ofpg] k|lqmof yfngL ePsf] xf] . lrQsf]
¿kfGt/0fsf] cb\e't s'~hL g} Wjlgzf:q xf] . of]usf] k|yd tŒj pmhf{, bf];|f] tŒj Wjlg / t];|f] tŒj
Wofg xf] . r]tgf To;} lbzfdf aU5 h;tkm{ xfdL r]tgfnfO{ pGd'v u5f}{+ .
k/dfTdfsf] s'g} lbzf g} gePsfn] r]tgf k/dfTdflt/ aUg] s'/} ePg . k/dfTdf t ;a}
lbzfdf JofKt 5 / lbzfxLg / lbzftLt 5 . o; hut\df k/dfTdfafx]s ;a} s'/fsf] lbzf 5 .
To;}n] of]un] o:tf] Wjlg vf]Hof] hf] lbzfxLg 5 . ç Tof] lbzfxLg Wjlg xf] . ç sf] kf7 uf]nfsf/
5 / ç sf] k|tLs klg uf]nfsf/ g} 5 . dlGb/sf] u'Dahsf] lgdf{0f klg ç ;Fu hf]8]/ ul/Psf] xf] .
lz/b]lv z/L/sf ;a} efudf jt{'nfsf/ lbzfxLg Wjlg k|jflxt x'G5 . ç sf] Wjlg ;a}lt/af6 cfpg]
/ ;a}lt/ hfg] h:tf] 5 . of] Pp6f cb\e't Wjlg xf] hf] of]un] vf]h]sf] 5 / o; Wjlgsf] t'ngfdf
hut\df bf];|f] Wjlg vf]Hg ;lsPsf] 5}g / ;lsFb}g . To;}n] o;nfO{ d"nWjlg jf aLhWjlg elgG5 .
of] jt{'nfsf/ Wjlgsf] cj:yfdf dfq xfdL k/dfTdflt/ pGd'v x'G5f“}+ cGoyf pGd'v x'g ;Sb}gf}+“ .
lbzfd'Qm ePkl5 dfq leqsf] ofqf ;'? x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]usf] lg/Gt/ cEof;af6
k/dfTdfdf k'Ug ;lsG5 .

nf]suLtf– 239
cWofo–^
oyf bLkf] lgjft:yf] g]Ët] ;f]kdf :d[tf .
of]lugf] otlrQ:o o'~htf] of]udfTdgM ..!(..
h;/L xfjf gePsf] 7fpFdf bLkHof]lt xlNnFb}g jf l:y/ /xG5, To;}u/L dgnfO{ lgoGq0fdf
/fv]sf of]uLx¿, of]u jf Wofgdf tNnLg k/dfTdfdf Wofg nufPsf dflg;x¿sf] dg To:t} l:y/ x'G5,
ljrlnt x'bF }g ..
h;/L jfo'/lxt :yfgdf bLkHof]lt l:y/ Pjd\ sDkg/lxt x'G5 To:t} of]uLsf] lrQdf r]tgf
l:y/ x'G5 . of] pkdf of]uLsf] lrQsf nflu elgPsf] xf] . ha;Dd r]tgf 5l/G5 jf s'g} lbzfdf,
hfG5 ta;Dd Tof] r]tgfsf] Hof]lt cl:y/ x'G5 . af6fdf Pp6f xg{ aHof] eg] klg r]tgf slDkt
x'G5, ;a} Wjlgx¿n] r]tgfnfO{ slDkt u/fpF5g\ . of]usf] cEof;åf/f lrQ l:y/ u/fpg ;lsG5 .
h;n] o; lbzfdf cEof; u5{ p;sf] lrQ sDkg/lxt x'g ;S5 . a'4n] o;nfO{ d08nf eGg' ePsf]
5 . r]tgf aflx/ ghfg] / aflx/af6 s'g} Wjlgt/Ë leq gcfpg] o; d08nfdf /f]lsPsf] r]tgf
jfo'/lxt :yfgdf lbof]sf] aQL h:t} x'G5 . o:tf] sDkg/lxt r]tgf dfq k|e'df k|ltli7t x'G5
lsgeg] sDkg/lxt x'g' g} k|e'df k'Ug' xf] . ;+;f/ cgGt sDkgsf] ;d"x xf] . jf;gf, ljrf/, j[lQ
cflbdf lrQ slDkt eP/ 8f]lnO/xG5 .
of]usf cg';f/ kft geO{ h/f sf6\g'k5{ . h/f sfl6of] eg] dfq} k"/f ?v 9N5 . leqsf] sfd
afFsL /x'Gh]n qmf]w TofUg ;lsFb}g . To:t} nf]e afFsL /x'Gh]n sfd ;lsFb}g . ha;Dd sfd /xG5,
ta;Dd cxª\sf/ klg ;Fu} /xG5 . oL rf/ sfd, qmf]w, nf]e, cxª\sf/dWo] s'g} Ps dfq afFsL eP
klg rf/} df}h'b x'G5g\ . s]jn Pssf] dfqf sd / csf]{sf] dfqf a9L x'g ;S5 . ;a} JolQmdf oL
rf/sf] dfqf x'G5 t/ s'g} JolQmdf qmf]w Hofbf / nf]e cln sd x'g ;S5 . of]u eGb5– Ps Ps
xfFufnfO{ xf]Og h/fnfO{ g} sf6\g'k5{ . h/f sfd, qmf]w, nf]e, cxª\sf/ geO{ dgsf] Joj:yf Pjd\
:jefj xf] . To;}n] of]u of] dgnfO{ g} ablnP/ gofF dgnfO{ :yflkt ug{'k5{ eGb5 . dgnfO{ abn]/
gofF dg agfpg] lbzfdf of]u ;xof]uL x'G5 . of]un] tLg k|sf/sf JolQmx¿sf nflu tLg k|sf/sf]
Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . tL tLg k|sf/sf JolQmx¿ klxnf] ljrf/k|wfg, bf];|f] efjk|wfg / t];|f] sd{k|wfg
x'g\ . oL tLg} k|sf/sf JolQmx¿sf nflu of]un] cnu cnu Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
of]usf tLg zfvfx¿ sd{, elQm / 1fg x'g\ . ljrf/k|wfg dflg;sf nflu ehg, k|fy{gf
pko'Qm x'Fb}g . ljrf/df k|Zg p7\5 t/ efjdf k|Zg p7\b}g lsgeg] efj k|Zg/lxt x'G5 . efj
:jLsf/ xf] / ljrf/ ;‹if{ xf] . efj ePsf] JolQm efjgfn] afFRg] x'Fbf p;nfO{ gfr eGof] eg]
cfgGbdUg eP/ gfRg nfU5 / p;n] gfRgfn] s] x'G5 eg]/ ;f]Rb}g . gfRg] qmddf Tof] If0f cfpF5
ha gfRg] gt{s jf g[TofËgf / gfRg] ljrf/ klg x/fpF5 / dfq g[To afFsL /xG5 . dL/fn] ufpFb}
g[To ubf{ pgL x/fpFl5g\ / s[i0f klg x/fpg'x'G5 dfq uLt afFsL /xG5 . ha dL/f ufpFl5g\, æd]/] tf]
lul/w/ uf]kfn ÛÆ ta g t uf]kfn /xG5, g d]/f sf]xL /xG5g\, s]jn uLt dfq afFsL /xG5 . hxfF
uLt dfq afFsL /xG5 ToxfF ToxL 36gf 36\5 hf] 1fgof]udf 1fg afFsL /xFbf 3l6t x'G5 . 1fg
of]udf 1]o / 1ftf g/xL 1fg dfq afFsL /xG5 . h;nfO{ hfGg' 5 / hf] hfGg]jfnf 5 To;nfO{
5f]8]/ hfGg] Ifdtfdf cl8u /xg'k5{ . dxfjL/sf nflu g[To jf uLt xf]Og, 1fg z]if /xG5, Tof]
dxfjL/sf] :jefj xf] . dL/fsf nflu 1fgsf] s]xL sfd 5}g, s]jn uLt afFsL /xG5, of] pgsf]
:jefj xf] .
csf]{ ju{ klg 5 h;nfO{ 1fg / efjsf] s]xL cy{ 5}g . p;sf] hLjgsf] clek|fo t sd{af6
dfq v'N5 . sd{7 JolQmnfO{ klg 1fg / elQmsf] Tof] pknlAw k|fKt x'g ;S5 t/ p;nfO{ sd{af6

nf]suLtf– 240
 cWofo–^
dfq k|fKt x'G5 . ch{'g h:tf JolQmnfO{ klg ha t/jf/ rlDsG5 ta ch{'g /xFb}gg\, zq' klg /xFb}g
s]jn sd{ dfq z]if /xG5 . t/jf/ rnfpFb} 5' eGg] efj /xFb}g s]jn t/jf/ rNg' dfq z]if /xG5
clg o:tf] cj:yfdf ch{'gnfO{ ToxL k|fKt x'G5 h'g 1fg / efjaf6 k|fKt x'G5 . oL tLg vf;
k|sf/sf ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L r]tgfnfO{ l:y/ cj:yfdf Nofpg ;lsG5 . 1fg, efj / sd{dWo] cfˆgf]
:jefjcg'¿k dfu{ rog u/]df jfo'/lxt :yfgdf lbof]sf] Hof]lt l:y/ eP h:t} JolQmsf] r]tgf
l:y/ x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]uL klg jfo'/lxt :yfgsf] bLkHof]lt 7xl/P h:t} l:y/ /
sDkg/lxt ¿kdf 7xl/G5 .
oqf]k/dt] lrQ+ lg¿4+ of]u;]jof .
oq r}jfTdgfTdfg+ kZoGgfTdlg t'iolt ..@)..
of]ufEof;åf/f dg ha ef}lts, dfgl;s lqmofsnfkaf6 k"0f{ /f]lsG5 jf lrQ lgZrn /xG5,
ta k/dfTdfsf] Wofgaf6 z'4 ePsf] ;"Id a'l4åf/f ;lRrbfgGb:j¿k k/dfTdfnfO{ Åbodf b]v]/
;Gt'i6 x'G5 ..
o; Znf]sdf s;/L of]ufEof;åf/f a|Xdsf] lrGtg u/]/ lbJo;'v jf lgZrntf k|fKt x'G5 /
k|e'df s;/L /dfOG5 jf k|ltli7t x'g ;lsG5 eGg] af/]df s[i0fn] atfpg' ePsf] 5 . ha;Dd
ljifox¿df bf}l8g' ;'vb 5 eGg] e|flGt lrQdf /lx/xG5, ta;Dd lrQ lj>flGtdf k'Ub}g . lrQsf]
lgod bf}l8g] x'G5 . hxfF;Dd ;'v k|flKt x'G5 eGg] 7fGb5, ToxfF;Dd lrQ bf}l8/xG5 / hxfF b'v
kfOG5 eGg] ;f]R5 ToxfF lrQ bf}l8Fb}g . kfgL le/fnf] jf vfN8f]lt/ bf}l8P h:t} lrQ klg ;'vsf]
k|tLlt x'g] lalQs} To;tkm{ bf}l8G5 . ha;Dd bf}8G5 ta;Dd lrQ lj>fddf x'Fb}g / >ddf g}
nflu/xG5 . Pp6f ;'vsf] e|flGt ;lsg] lalQs} csf]{ ;'vlt/ lrQ bf}l8xfN5 . r]tgfsf] bf}l8g] gfd
g} dg xf] / r]tgfsf] lgZrn lbJo;'vsf] gfd cfTdf xf] . PsIf0f klg ;'v 5}g eGg] nfUof] eg]
lrQ lj>fdlt/ nfU5 . To;}n] a'4n] lrQsf] lj>fd / lgZrn lbJo ;'vb cj:yfsf nflu rf/ cfo{
;Tosf] :yfkgf ug{'ePsf] 5 . of] of]u;fwgfdf ;xof]uL x'G5 .
a'4n] hLjg b'v xf] eGg'ePsf] 5, o;sf] k|tLlt klxnf] cfo{ ;To xf] . h] xfdL rfxG5f“}+ /
h;nfO{ ;'v 7fG5f}+“, To;sf] glhs k'Ug]lalQs} b'v k|fKt x'G5 . k/af6 x]bf{ k|To]s vf]h c;n /
k|Llts/ nfU5g\ t/ ha glhs uOG5 ta tL s'¿k / c?lrs/ x'G5g\ . hLjg b'v xf] eGg]
;fIffTsf/ ePg eg] lrQ lgZrn x'g ;Sb}g . o:tf] ;fIffTsf/ x'g]lalQs} lrQn] ult kfpFb}g /
/f]lsG5 . xfd|f] ;xof]uljgf lrQ rNg} ;Sb}g . xfd|f] ;xof]u 6'6\g] lalQs} lrQsf] ult klg 6'6\5 .
hLjg b'vdo 5 eGg] k|tLlt k|ltIf0f xfdLnfO{ eO/x]sf] 5 t/ Tof] k|tLltn] xfdL slxNo} s'g} lg0f{o
ln+“b}gf“}+ . k"/f hLjg b'vk"0f{ 5 t/ xfdL o;sf] lgisif{ ln“+b}gf“}+ . Pp6f ;'v b'vdf ¿kfGt/0f eP
klg xfdL csf]{ ;'v t b'vb x'Fb}g xf]nf eGg] 7fGb5f“}+ / cgGt;Dd oxL k|lqmof rln/xG5 / of] df]x
sfod g} /xG5 . xhf/k6s cg'e"t eP klg xfdL To;sf] lgiklQ ln+“b}gf“} +. x/]s hGddf ToxL
cg'ej eO/xG5 . cl3Nnf] hGd 5f]8\of}+“ eg] klg Pp6} hGddf nfvf}+“ k6s ToxL cg'ej eO/xG5 /
o:tf] nfUb5 ls dg'io slxNo} klg cl3Nnf] e"naf6 l;Sg g} rfxFb}g . To;}n] lg/Gt/ ToxL e"n
ul//xG5 h'g p;n] lxhf] u/]sf] lyof] . e'naf6 dflg; emg\ s'zntfk"j{s cGo e'n ug{ l;Sb5 .
xfdL xfd|f] dgaf6 unt cEof; l;S5f}+“ / s'zntfk"j{s ToxL s'/fnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofp“5f“}+ .
hLjg b'v xf] eGg] hfg]kl5 of]uåf/f To;af6 d'Qm x'g] r]i6f u/]df lrQ lgZrn x'g ;S5 .
hLjg b'v xf] eg]/ hfGg]lalQs} JolQm To;sf] cltqmd0f ug]{ r]i6f ug{ yfN5 . b'vsf lar sf]xL
klg lj>fd ug{ rfxFb}g / JolQm hLjgaf6 km8\sf] dfg]{ r]i6f u5{ lsgeg] b'v;Fu /lx/xg' c;Dej

nf]suLtf– 241
cWofo–^
x'G5 . xfdL ;'v;Fu e|flGt g} eP klg /f]lsg ;S5f}+ t/ b'v;Fu afFRg' c;Dej x'G5 . To;}n] a'4
klxnf] cfo{;To æhLjg b'v xf]Æ eGg'x'G5 . b'vaf6 d'Qm x'g] pkfo 5 eGg] a'4sf] bf];|f] cfo{ ;To
xf] . ha b'vsf] k|tLlt x'G5, ta tTsfn To;af6 aRg] pkfosf] vf]h x'G5 . ;'vsf] vf]h ;+;f/ xf]
/ b'vaf6 d'lQmsf] vf]h of]u xf] . of]usf] vf]h gsf/fTds s'/fsf] x'G5 . of]u eG5– b'vaf6 d'lQm
vf]Hg ;lsG5 . ha b'vaf6 d'Qm eOG5, ta h] z]if /xG5 ToxL cfgGb xf] lsgeg] cfgGb xfd|f]
:jefj xf] . Joy{nfO{ x6fpg] lalQs} h] xfd|f] :jefj 5 Tof] k|s6 x'G5 . b'v d'lQmsf] pkfo, ljlw /
;fwg of]u xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]uaf6 lgZrn ePsf] lrQ b'vaf6 d'Qm x'g ;S5 .
b'vsf] af]w ePkl5 of]uåf/f b'v d'lQmsf] pkfo x'g ;S5 .
a'4 t];|f] cfo{;To b'vaf6 d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 eGg'x'G5 . cfˆg} cg'ejaf6 pxfF eGg'x'G5–
b'vd'lQmsf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] HjnGt k|df0f / b'vaf6 lgZrn eP/ lbJo ;'vfg'e"lt u/]sf] lrQ
ePsf] JolQm d g} x'F . lh;;;Fu s;}n] d'lQmsf] dfu{sf af/]df ;f]Wbf pxfF eGg'x'G5– æd g} dfu{ x'FÆ
I am the way . dlt/ x]/, d]/f cfFvfdf k|j]z u/ . lrQ olb czfGt x'G5 eg] zfGt x'g ;Sg]
;Defjgf klg x'G5 . ha sf]xL b'vL x'g ;S5 eg] b'vaf6 d'Qm x'g;Sg] ;Defjgf klg x'G5 . olb
xfdLleq cfgGb gePsf] eP xfdLnfO{ b'vsf] slxNo} klg hfgsf/L g} x'Fb}gYof] . b'v hfGgsf nflu
p;nfO{ b'vsf] rf]6 x'g} k5{ . a'4 rf}yf] cfo{ ;To eGg'x'G5– æof] dnfO{ dfq 36]sf] 36gf xf]Og /
d s'g} ckjfb klg xf]Og . of] ;a}nfO{ 36\g ;S5 lsgeg] k|To]s JolQm ulx/fOdf ToxL xf] . xfd|f]
;a} e]b afXo dfq xf] . leq cyf{t\ cGt:s/0fdf s'g} e]b 5}g . leq Ps ToxL 5 t/ To;nfO{ leq
guO{ a'‰g ;lsGg . ci6flËs of]u o;sf] dfu{ xf] .
of]uaf6 pk/fd -lj>fd_ df k'u]/ o;nfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 . dgn] s'g} s'/fdf ;'v 5 eGof]
eg] dg;Fu ;'v ;fFlRrs} 5 ls 5}g eg]/ ;f]Wg'k5{ . ha dgn] o;df ;'v 5 eG5, tTsfn ;'v
sxfF 5 eg]/ ;f]lwxfNg'k5{ . PsIf0f klg /f]lsP/ x]¥of}+ eg] yfxf x'G5 ls ;'v sbflk 5}g / tTsfn
b'vsf] bz{g x'G5 t/ dgn] e|flGt lbg vf]H5 . ha dgdf ult ;''? x'G5, ta PsIf0f cl8P/ ;f]Rof}+“
eg] hLjg b'vdo ePsf] k|tLlt emg\ ulx/f] x'G5 . ha of] k|tLlt ulx/f] x'G5, ta pk/fdsf] cj:yf
cfpF5 . x/]s b'v k|f/Dedf ;'vh:t} nfU5 / cGttM tL ;a} ;'v b'vdf ¿kfGtl/t x'G5g\ . ha
b'vsf] cg'ej x'G5, Tof] cg'ejnfO{ slxNo} gla;f}{+ lsgeg] s}of“}+ k6ssf] cg'ejkl5 klg x'“b}
gePsf] ;'v vf]Hg xfdL 5f]8\b}gf“}+ . Psk6s kms]{/ vf]Hof“}+ eg] hLjg b'v xf] ;'v xf]Og eg]/ yfxf
x'G5 . ha s'g} If0fdf r]tgf hfUb5 / oL ;a} b'v x'g\ eGg] hflgG5 To;kl5 Pp6f gofF cg'ej
k|f/De eP/ ;fIfL;Fu gofF ;DaGw x'G5 hf] ;a}sf] k5fl8 plePsf] x'G5 . ha leqsf] Tof] tŒj;Fu
kl/ro x'G5, ta tTsfn lrQ pk/fddf k|fKt x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]u;fwgfaf6 zfGt
ePsf] lrQsf] dfWodaf6 k|e' jf k/d ;TonfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
kt~hlnn] lrQ–j[lQ–lg/f]w eg]sf 5g\ . j[lQsf] ;fIffTsf/n] JolQmnfO{ lg/f]wdf lnP/ hfG5
lsgeg] z'4 j[lQsf] ;fIffTsf/ g} gs{sf] ;fIffTsf/ xf] . To;nfO{ hfGg] lalQs} JolQm To;af6 aflx/
x'G5 . xfd|f] ;f/f Joj:yf j[lQnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{ Joj:yf xf] . lg/f]wsf] cy{ lrQsf] bdg xf]Og .
qmf]wsf] cGt/wf/f xfdLdf au]sf] x'G5 / s;}n] clnslt rf]6 k'¥ofpg] lalQs} k|s6 x'G5 . qmf]wsf]
;fIffTsf/ ug]{lalQs} To;af6 JolQm aflx/ lg:sg ;S5 . To;}n] j[lQsf af/]df hfGg' g} To;af6
lg/f]w ug]{ pkfo aG5 . lrQsf] bdgn] slxNo} klg j[lQaf6 aflx/ x'g ;lsFb}g . j[lQ lg/f]wsf] cy{
j[lQsf] ulx/f] hfgsf/L x'g' xf] / Tof] hflg;s]kl5 j[lQdf /lx/xg ;Dej x'Fb}g . 1fgsf cltl/Qm

nf]suLtf– 242
 cWofo–^
s'g} d'lQm Pjd\ lg/f]w 5}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– pk/fd, lgZrn Pjd\ zfGt ePsf] lrQ
cyf{t\ lrQj[lQaf6 lg/f]w ePsf] lrQ Tof] lg/f]wsf] If0fdf k|e'nfO{ hfGb5 .
;'vdfTolGts+ oQb\a'l4u|fXodtLlG›od\ .
j]lQ oq g r}jfo+ l:ytZrnlt tŒjtM ..@!..
z'4 ePsf] ;"Id a'l4åf/f ha hf] cfTolGts ;'vaf/] hflgG5 To; l:yltdf dflg; ;r]t /
cfglGbt x'G5 To:tf] cg'e"ltk|fKt dflg; k/dfTdfsf] :j¿kaf6 slxNo} ljrlnt x'bF }g ..
hf] eujt\ :j¿kaf6 rnfodfg x'Fb}g To:tf] lrQ ePsf] of]uL cfk"m OlG›osf] kf/ x'F eg]/
hfGb5 . eujt\ :j¿kaf6 xfdL rnfodfg x'G5f“}+ lsgeg] xfdL cfk"m OlG›o xf}+ eg]/ dfGb5f}F . ha
OlG›o x'F eGg] nfUb5 ta :jod\af6 k/ hfg yflnG5 / OlG›on] cem k/ nfG5 lsgeg] k|To]s
OlG›on] cfˆgf] ljifosf] dfu ub{5 / k|To]s ljifosf] ef]ukl5 o;af6 t[lKt x'Fb}g eGg] cg'ej x'G5
clg csf]{ ljifosf] vf]h ;'? x'G5 / hLjg Ps ofqf aGb5 . olb ;+;f/df hfg' 5 eg] OlG›o;+“u
tfbfTDo agfpg'k5{ . r]tgf h'g lrhsf] glhs hfG5 To;s} k|ltlaDa klqmG5 lsgeg] r]tgf
lgd{n / z'4 x'G5 . h:tf] ls gLndl0fnfO{ s'g} hn ePsf] efF8fdf /flvof] eg] k"/f hn lgnf] x'G5 .
gLndl0fsf] cfefn] k"/f hnnfO{ 3]5{ t/ gLndl0fnfO{ Tof] yfxf klg x'Fb}g lsgeg] k"/f hn lgnf]
eO;s]sf] x'G5 . cfTdfn] k"/f z/L/nfO{ cfj[Q u/]sf] x'G5 . cfTdfsf] cfef cgGt ePsfn] of] hxfF
klg k5{ / h'g ;LdfnfO{ 3]5{ Tof] Ps x'G5 . To;}n] cfTdfsf] OlG›ox¿;+“u tfbfTDo x'G5 .
sfd]lG›ox¿n] sfd ljifo vf]h eg]kl5 sfd laifosf] vf]h z'¿ x'G5 . o;/L xfdL cfkm"eGbf aflx/
uP/ rnfodfg / ultdfg x'G5f}+ / xfd|f] leq hf] ;bf crnfodfg 5 pm klg rnfodfg ePsf]
e|flGtdf k5{ / vf]hdf lgl:sG5 . hlt vf]h] klg s]xL gkfPkl5 c¿ k/ hfG5 / o;/L g} hGdsf]
nfdf] ofqf x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] cfk"mnfO{ OlG›osf] kf/ x'F eGg] hfGb5, To:tf] of]uL eujt\
:j¿kaf6 rnfodfg x'Fb}g / pm eujfg\df Ps eP/ eujfg\ g} x'G5 t/ cfk"m OlG›osf] kf/ x'F eGg]
hfGg' h?/L x'G5 . Ps Ps OlG›ok|lt hfu]/ of] cfk"m gePsf] eGg] hfGg'k5{ . olb of] pQ/ leqaf6
cfof] eg] JolQmsf] hLjg g} ablnG5 / leq Tof] tŒj;Fu ;fIffTsf/ x'G5 clg lrQ pk/fddf k|fKt
x'G5 . h'g If0f of] z/L/ / cfk"m cnu ePsf] cg'ej x'G5 To; If0fdf r]tgf rnfodfg x'g /f]lsP/
k|e'df /Dg yfN5 / Ps x'G5 . z/L/ hlt rn] klg leq cfTdfn] cfk"m crn x'F eGg] hfGb5 . clg
z/L/ ;dfKt x'Fbf klg cfk"m cd/ ePsf] / z/L/ sfl6Fbf klg cfk"m gsfl6g] eGg] hflgG5 . o:tf]
l:y/tfdf k|e'df Pstf x'G5 / k|e'df l:yt x''g' g} cfgGb xf] .
o+ nAWjf rfk/+ nfe+ dGot] gflws+ ttM .
ol:dlG:ytf] g b'Mv]g u'?0fflk ljrfNot] ..@@..
dflg;n] k/dfTdfsf] :j¿ksf] lrGtgaf6 h'g cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt ub{5, Tof] kfPkl5 p;nfO{
cGo s'g} a9\tf nfesf] k|of]hg /xFb}g . o:tf] l:yltdf cfOkg]{ 7'nf sl7gfO jf b'vx¿af6 klg pm
ljrlnt x'bF }g ..
k/dfTdfk|flKtsf] sfdgf k"0f{ ePkl5 cGo s'g} sfdgf z]if /xFb}g cyf{t\ k|e'sf] k|flKtkl5
cGo s'/fsf] k|of]hg g} /xFb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] k|e'k|flKtsf] nfe sdfof] p;n] k/d nfe
k|fKt u¥of] . o:tf] k/d nfe k|fKt JolQm dxfg\ b'vdf ;d]t cljrlnt x'G5 . xfdL ;fdfGo b'vdf
klg ljrlnt x'G5f}+“ lsgeg] xfdLnfO{ cfgGbsf] s'g} cg'ej g} 5}g . olb cfgGbsf] cg'ej eof] eg]
b'vaf6 xfdL ljrlnt g} x'Fb}gf}+“ . ;fwf/0f b'vdf xfdL cEo:t eO;s]sfn] To;nfO{ em]Ng ;S5f“}+ t/

nf]suLtf– 243
cWofo–^
c;fwf/0f b'v cfOkg]{ lalQs} xfdL ljrlnt x'G5f“}+ . ;fdfGotM xfdL ;fwf/0f b'vdf g} hlGdG5f}+“,
x'ls{G5f“}+ / afFR5f“}+ . o;df cEo:t ePsfn] g} o;sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] x}l;ot /fV5f“}+ t/ ha 7'nf]
cfkt\ cfOnfU5 ta lrQ slDkt x'G5 / xfdL ljrlnt x'G5f“}+ .
lj1fg k"0f{ ¿kdf ;kmn eof] eg] klg xfdLnfO{ b'vaf6 k"0f{ ¿kn] 5'6\sf/f lbnfpg ;Sb}g .
s'g k|of; ul/of] eg] b'v cfp“b}g jf b'v ;fdfGo dfq x'G5 eg]/ lj1fgn] s]xL k|of; dfq ug{
;S5 . ;fdfGo b'v la:tf/} xfd|f] afgL aG5 . To;}n] t To;af6 xfdLnfO{ Hofbf kL8f x'Fb}g . ljz]if
b'v cfOkbf{ dfq xfdL kLl8t eP/ 56kl6G5f}+“ . xfdLdf ljz]if cfgGbsf] hfgsf/L gePsfn]
xfdLnfO{ ljz]if b'vn] lrlGtt kf5{ t/ of] b'v b}lgs cfpg yfNof] eg] To;df cEo:t x'g] ePsfn]
To;n] klg xfdLnfO{ kLl8t agfpg 5f]8\5 . b'vk|ltsf] xfd|f] ;+j]bgzLntf b'v cfPkl5 dGb x'G5 .
o'4df hfg] ;}lgs ha;Dd o'4:yndf k'Ub}g ta;Dd kLl8t / a]r}g x'G5 t/ o'4:yndf k'u]kl5
p;sf] 56k6L :jtM labf x'G5 . ha o'4sf] ljs/fn b[Zo Pjd\ l:ylt b]V5 / ef]U5, ta p;sf]
;+j]bgzLntf klg IfL0f x'G5 . o;/L xfdL sltko jf:tljs l:yltdf b'vdf cEo:t aG5f}+“ .
olb leq cfgGbsf] jiff{ xd];f eO/x]sf] 5 eg] aflx/ hlt;'s} b'v cfOk/] klg To;n] s'g}
km/s kfb}{g / Tof] b'v leq k|j]z ug{ klg ;Sb}g . leq b'v df}h'b eP dfq aflx/sf] b'v leq k:g
;S5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k/dfTdf k|fKt ul/;s]kl5 7'nf]eGbf 7'nf] b'vn] klg ljrlnt u/fpg
;Sb}g . h;;Fu cgGt vhfgf x'G5 p;n] s]xL /sd u'dfof] jf x/fof] eg] klg p;nfO{ s]xL lrGtf
/ kL8f x'Fb}g lsgeg] cgGtdf s]xL sdL x'Fb}g . h;n] cfkm"leqsf] tŒj slxNo} db}{g eg]/ hfGb5,
Tof] ;fgf]ltgf] la/fdLsf] t s] s'/f d[To';Fu klg ljrlnt x'Fb}g . xfdL d[To';Fu ljrlnt x'G5f}+
lsgeg] xfdL cjZo d5f}{+ eGg] ;f]Rb5f}+“ . cd[tsf] cg'ej gePsfn] xfdL d[To'af6 x'g] kL8faf6
ljrlnt / eoeLt x'G5f“}+ . olb xfdLnfO{ af/Daf/ b'vn] lbSs agfpF5 eg] xfdLleq b'vsf] vft 5
eGg] a'‰g'k5{ . pbf; JolQmn] rf}tkmL{ pbf;Lgtf g} b]Vb5 / p;leq pbf;L g} k|j]z u5{ . olb
sf]xL cfglGbt 5 eg] p;n] rf}tkmL{ ¿kdf cfgGbsf] wf/f au]sf] dfq b]V5 / p;leq klg cfgGb
g} k|j]z u5{ . xfdLleq h] a;]sf] 5 aflx/af6 ToxL g} k|j]z u5{ .
b'v t cg]sf“}+ x'G5g\ . lk|otd jf lk|otdf;Fusf] la5f]8n] klg b'v x'G5 . h;n] k/dfTdf
k|fKt u¥of] p;n] ;+;f/s} pTs[i6 lk|otd jf lk|otdf kfof] eGg] a'‰g'k5{ . ha ;fdfGo lk|otd jf
lk|otdf;Fusf] la5f]8n] s'g} b'v jf si6sf] cg'e"lt x'Fb}g, ta zfZjt;Fu ldng x'G5 . h;sf]
emns xfdLn] lk|ohgdf b]v]sf lyof“}+ Tof] g} kfPkl5 b'v ;dfKt x'G5 . s;}nfO{ k|]d ug{' eg]sf]
ulx/f]df k/dfTdfsf] g} vf]h xf] . ha sf]xL s;}sf] k|]ddf k5{, ta pm lbJotfsf] vf]h ul//x]sf]
x'G5 . lbJotf k|fKt gePdf pm ljiffbn] 3]l/G5 . h;n] k|e'nfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] 5 p;nfO{ ca
cGo s'g} ldngsf] cfjZostf /xFb}g lsgeg] p;n] k/d ldngsf] lbJo ;'vsf] If0f k|ft ul/;s]sf]
x'G5 / ;a}sf] ldngdf k/dfTdf g} ;j{q b]Vb5 . k/d ldngkl5 la5f]8sf] ;Defjgf /xFb}g / k|e'sf]
;Ddfgkl5 s'g} ckdfg klg z]if /xFb}g lsgeg] p;n] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] ;Ddfg kfO;s]sf] x'G5 .
dG;'/nfO{ z"nL lbPkl5 pgL cfsfzlt/ x]/]/ xfF:g nfu] . pgnfO{ sf6\g nfu]sf] a]nfdf Ps
nfv JolQmx¿sf] le8 lyof] . s;}n] pgsf] xft, s;}n] v'§f sf6\g nfu] eg] sf]xL 9'Ëf a;f{pg yfn]
t/ pgL eg] xfFl;/x]sf lyP . le8df pgnfO{ s;}n] ;f]Wof] ls d[To' ;fd'Gg] x'Fbf klg ltdL s;/L
xfF:g ;ls/x]sf 5f} . pgn] hjfkm lbP– ltdLx¿ h;nfO{ d[To' b]lv/x]sf 5f} d k/dfTdf;Fu x'g
nfu]sf] dxfldng b]lv/x]sf] 5' . cfsfzaf6 k/dfTdfn] xft km}nfP/ dnfO{ af]nfO/xg' ePsf]
b]lv/x]sf] 5' . ltdLx¿ dnfO{ l5§} labf u/ tfls k/dfTdfn] d]/f lglDt nfdf] k|tLIff ug{' gk/f];\ .

nf]suLtf– 244
 cWofo–^
dG;'/h:tf JolQmnfO{ xfdL sf6]/ b'v lbg ;Sb}gf“}+ lsgeg] pgnfO{ xfdL sf6\g} ;Sb}gf“}+ . hxfF pgL
afFlr/x]sf 5g\, ToxfF s'g} z:qc:qn] sfd ub}{g . To:t} lh;;nfO{ z"nLdf em'G8\ofP/ s'g} b'v lbg
;lsGg .
h;n] k|e'sf] emns k|fKt u5{ p;nfO{ s'g} sf/0fn] ljrlnt u/fpg ;Sb}g t/ k|e'sf] emns
gkfpg] JolQm eg] ;–;fgf s'/fdf klg af/Daf/ ljrlnt x'G5 . jf:tjdf xfdL ljrlnt / b'vL 5f}F
To;}n] hLjgsf] :j¿kdf b'v cfpg' :jfefljs xf] . ha;Dd xfdLnfO{ cfgGb k|fKt x'Fb}g, ta;Dd
b'vn] xfdL slDkt eO/xG5f“} . ha 7'nf]eGbf 7'nf] b'vn] klg sDkg jf ljrng NofpFb}g, ta k|e';Fu
ldng ePsf] 5 eg]/ hfGg'k5{ . h;n] k|e'sf] k/d nfe k|fKt u/]sf] 5 p;nfO{ hlt;'s} 7'nf] b'vn]
klg ljrlnt u/fpg ;Sb}g .
t+ laBfb\b'Mv;+of]uljof]u+ of]u;l~1td\ .
; lgZro]g of]QmJof] of]uf]˜lglj{00fr]t;f ..@#..
lqljw tfk / OlG›ohGo ljifon] lbg] ;+of]u / ljof]unfO{ hfGg' g} of]u xf] . b[9 ;ª\sNk, w}o{
/ pT;fxo'Qm lrQ lnP/ ljrlnt geOsg of]uk4ltsf] cEof; lgZrok"j{s ug{' JolQmsf] st{Jo xf] ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– OlGb|ohGo ljifon] lbg] ;+;f/sf ;+of]u / ljof]unfO{ hfGg], b'v /
c1fgnfO{ x6fpg ;Sg] ;fdYo{ of]udf x'G5 . o:tf] of]usf] cys ;fwgf ug{' dflg;sf] st{Jo xf] .
dg lbSs x'g' g} dflg;sf] nIf0f xf] . kz'x¿df s'g} xtf; of lbSs x'g] nIf0f x'Fb}g . dflg; ;'v
g} ;'v, dxn, ;'Gb/L :qL, ;'Gb/ klt, wg, oz, sLlt{ cflb k|fKt u/] klg lbSs x'G5 . ha;Dd tL
lk|o j:t' k|fKt ub}{g, ta;Dd tL j:t'k|lt cfslif{t x'G5 t/ kfPkl5 lbsbf/L ;'? x'G5 .
k/dfTdftkm{sf] ofqfdf l7s ljk/Lt lgod nfu" x'G5 . ;+;f/tkm{ ofqf ug]{ qmddf dflg; slxNo}
x/]; vfFb}g / k|oTg ul/ g} /xG5 t/ To;sf] kl/0ffd k|fKt ePkl5 lbSs x'G5 . ;+;f/df ultzLn
x'g] lgod k/dfTdfdf l7s pN6f] x'G5 . ;+;f/df k|oTg ubf{ xfdL lbSs x'Fb}gf}F k|flKtkl5 dfq lbSs
x'G5f“} . To:t} k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg k|oTg ubf{ lbSs xf]OG5 t/ k/dfTdf kfP cfgGb dfq k|fKt x'G5 .
;+;f/sf] ;fd|fHo kfP klg JolQm lbSs x'G5 t/ k/dfTdfsf] k|flKtkl5 eg] s'g} lbSbf/L cfpFb}g .
k/dfTdf k|lfKtsf] ofqf eg] sl7g x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg lbSs geO{sg
kl/>d ug{'k5{ / To:tf] kl/>d ug{' of]Uo klg 5 .
>Ls[i0fn] eg]sf] s'/f ch{'gn] dfGgsf nflu >4fsf] cfjZostf x'G5 . >4fsf] cy{ k"0f{
e/f];f xf] . ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ /fd|/L hfGb5g\ . pgn] s[i0fnfO{ slxNo} ljrlnt ePsf] kfPsf 5}gg\ .
g t s[i0f slxNo} lbSs b]lvg' x'G5 g t pxfFsf] afF;'/Laf6 slxNo} b'v jf lj/xsf :j/, tfn
;'lgG5 . pxfF t ;bf km'lt{nf] / k|;Gg d'›fdf x'g'x'G5 . s[i0f, a'4, dxfjL/ h:tf JolQmx¿sf] tl:a/
;b}j :jR5 / km'lt{nf] 5 cyf{t\ a'9\of}nLsf] s'g} cfef; 5}g lsgeg] lxGb" lrGts z/L/sf] tl:a/
xf]Og, dgf]efjsf] tl:a/ sf]5{g\ . To;}n] t s[i0f slxNo} a'9f] x'g'x'Gg . pxfF dlng, lg/fz, pbf;Lg
klg b]lvg'x'Gg a? ;bf :jR5, km'lt{nf] / k|;Gg d'›fdf b]lvg'x'G5 . z/L/ cfˆgf] lgodn] rNg] x'Fbf
a'9f] x'G5 t/ s[i0fsf] r]tgf cljrlnt efjn] cfgGbdUg eP/ Pjd\ o'jf ag]/ ;bf gflr/xG5 .
s[i0fn] Ps v'§fdf pleP/ afF;'/L ahfPsf] tl:a/ pxfFsf] cfGtl/s ljDa / leqL efjsf] tl:a/ xf] .
o;n] leq Pp6f k|km'lNnt r]tgf ePsf] atfpF5 . leq Pp6f uLt ufpFb} u/]sf] dg 5 h;sf]
afF;'/Ldf :j/ el/Psf] 5 . afF;'/L k|tLsfTds xf] h;n] leq ufpFb} u/]sf] dgsf] va/ lbG5 .
To:t} uf]lkgLx¿ gfRb} u/]sf] klg lrqdf b]vfOG5 . of] klg Ps cfGtl/s k|tLs xf] .
lxGb"x¿sf k'/f0f k|tLsfTds 5g\ . of] k|tLsn] ;'Gb/ gf/Lx¿ gflr/x]sf] / k'?if k|km'lNnt ePsf]

nf]suLtf– 245
cWofo–^
h:tf] b]vfpF5 / s[i0f l7s o:t} x'g'x'G5 . lrqdf k|tLssf] ¿kdf uf]lkgLx¿ gflr/x]sf / s[i0f
afF;'/LnfO{ cf]7df nufO/xg'ePsf] b]lvG5 . of] s[i0fsf] lgTo :jefj xf] . rf/}lt/ z/b\ Ct'sf]
;'uGwdo ;f}Gbo{ k|:k'ml6t eO{ ;ËLtdo jftfj/0fdf 3'Fu'/f 5d5d ah]/ k|]d al;{/x]sf] h:tf]
l:yltdf s[i0f rf}la;} 306f /xg'x'G5 . aflx/ rf/}lt/ h:tf] jftfj/0f b]lvO/x]sf] 5 leqL ¿kdf
s[i0f To:t} x'g'x'G5 . s[i0fnfO{ pbf;Ln] slxNo} cfˆgf] agfpg ;s]g . ch{'g pxfFnfO{ /fd|/L
lrGb5g\ . s[i0fsf] cfFvfdf slxNo} lg/fzf b]lvFb}g / ToxfF slxNo} b'v klg b]lvFb}g .
ch{'g cfˆgf] ofqf uGtJodf k'¥ofpg s[i0fk|lt 7'nf] e/f];f /fV5g\ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ug{
of]Uo st{Jo u/]kl5 dfq hfGg] 5f}, u/]gf} eg] hfGg ;Sg] 5}gf} eGg'x'G5 . st{Josd{ u/]kl5 dfq
hflgG5 . of] ug{'df ;a}eGbf afws tŒj lg/fzf xf] . cys >d cyf{t\ cgGt k|tLIffsf] zlQm
cfjZos x'G5 lsgeg] slxn] 36gf 36\5 jf k|e' ldng x'G5 eGg ;lsGg . If0fdf g} 36gf 36]/
k|e' ldng x'g;S5 / o;sf nflu cgGt hGd klg k|tLIff ug{'kg]{ x'g ;S5 . xfdL dfq k|tLIff /
k|oTg ug{ ;S5f}+“ To;}n] lbSs ePdf xfdL s]xL k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gf}+“ . lbSs x'g' :jfefljs 36gf xf] .
To;}n] wfld{s :yndf hlt lbSs ePsf JolQmx¿ x'G5g\ Tolt st} klg x'Fb}gg\ .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] lbSbf/Laf6 aRg of]usf] cf>o lng'k5{ / cys >d ug{'k5{ .
O{Zj/k|flKtdf hLjgsf] ;f/f vf]h k"/f x'G5 / slxNo} lbSbf/L x'Fb}g t/ of] >d gu/L cfkm"n]
ghfgLsg k|fKt klg x'Fb}g . >dsf] Ps sbd klg xhf/f“}+ ljrf/sf] sbdeGbf pknlAwk"0f{ x'G5 /
Ps sbdn] klg nfdf] b"/Lsf] ofqf k"0f{tflt/ nDsfpF5 . lg/fzfdf zlQm vr{ x'G5 To;}n] Tof] zlQm
klg >ddf g} nufpg' >]o:s/ x'G5 . ha lbSbf/L cfpF5 ta hf]8n] zlQmnfO{ >ddf nufpg'k5{ .
a'4 leIf'x¿nfO{ b'O{ k|sf/sf Wofg u/fpg'x'GYof] . klxnf] a;]/ Wofg u/fpg'x'GYof] / ha lbSs nfUg
yfN5, ta lxF8]/ Wofg u/ eGg'x'GYof] . lbSs ePdf af}4 leIf'x¿ tTsfn p7]/ Wofg ug{ yfN5g\ /
lbSs x'Fb}gg\ .
;ÍNkk|ejfGsfdf+:ToSTjf ;jf{gz]iftM .
dg;}j]lG›ou|fd+ ljlgoDo ;dGttM ..@$..
;ÍNkaf6 pTkGg x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf sfdgfx¿nfO{ h/}b]lv pv]n]/ dgn] OlG›osf ;d"xnfO{ klg
;a}lt/af6 jzdf /fvf];\ ..
zg}M zg}?k/d]b\a'4Øf w[ltu[xLtof .
cfTd;+:y+ dgM s[Tjf g lsl~rblk lrGto]t\ ..@%..
la:tf/} la:tf/} w}o{k"j{s cEof; ub}{ a'l4sf] ;xfotfn] dgnfO{ k/dfTdfdf l:y/ u/fP/
OlG›osf j[lQx¿af6 lgj[Q xf]cf];\ / k/dfTdfafx]s cGo s'g} s'/fsf] klg lrGtg gu/f];\ ..
oL Znf]ssf ;f/ g} k/dfTdf l;jfo c¿sf] lrGtg gug'{ eGg] xf] . >Ls[i0f k'gM bf]xf]¥ofpFb}
eGg'x'G5– sfdnfO{ jzdf /fv]/, dgnfO{ lgolGqt u/L OlG›oftLt x'Fb} ;ª\sNk ljsNk/lxt eP/
k/dfTdfsf] lrGtgdf nLg xf]pm . ;+;f/df hlt klg dxŒjk"0f{ jfª\do 5g\ tL ;a} af]lnPsf jf
elgPsf x'g\, n]lvPsf xf]Ogg\ . rfx] s'/fg xf];\ of afOan, uLtf xf];\ of wDdkb oL ;a} s;}nfO{
nlIft u/]/ af]lnPsf x'g\ . uLtfdf ch{'gsf] cfFvfdf x]/]/ >Ls[i0f af]ln/xg'ePsf] 5 . af/Daf/ pxfF
Pp6} s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbFb} bf]xf]¥ofO/xg'ePsf] 5 . pxfF s?0ffn] el/Psf] x'gfn] af/Daf/ gofF sf]0faf6
ToxL s'/f bf]xf]¥ofpg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f s'g} If0f ch{'gsf] r]tgfn] elgPsf s'/f a'em]/ pgsf nflu of]
dggof]Uo agf];\ eGg] cfzfn] af]Nb} x'g'x'G5 ;fy} s[i0f bf]xf]¥ofpFbf klg x/]s k6s gofF ;To hf]8]/
eGg'x'G5 . pko'{Qm Znf]sdf >Ls[i0fn] k|e'sf] ;tt lrGtg eg]/ gofF ;To hf]8\g' ePsf] 5 .

nf]suLtf– 246
 cWofo–^
k|e' h;nfO{ xfdL hfGb}gf“},+ To;sf] xfdL s;/L lrGtg ug{ ;S5f“}+ . lrGtgsf] cy{ ljrf/
xf]Og lsgeg] lrGtg s]jn 1fgsf] dfq x'g ;S5, c1fgsf] x'g ;Sb}g . xfdLnfO{ ltvf{ nfu]sf]
a]nf h'g;'s} sfddf nfu]sf] eP klg ltvf{sf] lrGtg leq nflu g} /xG5 . ljrf/ t xfdL c¿ g}
ul//x]sf x'G5f“}+ t/ leq cg'lrGtg ltvf{sf] g} rln/xG5 . leqaf6 af/Daf/ s;}n] ltvf{ nfu]sf]
cg'ej JoQm ul//xG5 eg] Tof] lrGtg xf] . k|e'sf] ltvf{ xfdL ;a} leq 5 . k|e't[i0ff ljgf s;}sf]
hGd g} x'g ;Sb}g . kb, wg, ozsf] ;f/f ofqf k|e' lrGtgs} ofqf eP klg of] unt ofqf xf] s]jn
k|e' k|flKtsf] ofqf dfq ;xL ofqf xf] . of] unt JofVofnfO{ tf]8\g ;s]df xfdLleq ;xL lrGtg ;'?
x'G5 . ;tt ¿kdf h] u/] klg leq k|e'sf] t[i0ff hf/L /Xof] eg] Tof] leqsf] t[i0ff¿kL l;+9Lsf] gfd
g} lrGtg xf] . Tof] åf/df k'Ug k|e'sf] z/0f gk/Lsg s'g} pkfo g} 5}g . ha leq o:tf] lt;{gf rNg
yfN5, ta k|e'sf] ;tt lrGtg x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] ;tt lrGtgdf k''Ug] efUodfgL JolQm
jf of]uL ;d:t jf;gf Tofu]/ OlG›oaf6 kf/ x'Fb} b'n{e ;To k|fKt ub{5 h'g kfpg of]Uo 5 .
otf] otf] lgZr/lt dgZr~rndl:y/d\ .
tt:ttf] lgoDo}tbfTdGo]j jz+ go]t\ ..@^..
h'g h'g zAbflb ljifosf nflu ;+;f/df bf}l8g], l:y/ g/xg] r~rn dg 5, To;nfO{ To;
ljifojf6 lgolGqt u/]/ af/Daf/ k/dfTdfdf l:y/ x'g] u/L jzdf Nofcf];\ ..
dg r~rn x'g'sf] pkof]lutf / Joy{tf b'j} x'G5 . dgsf] k|of]hg g} r~rn x'g' xf] .
dg'iosf] JolQmTjdf rf/}lt/ h] cGt/ eO/x]sf] 5 To;nfO{ va/ lbg] oGq dg xf]≤ To;}n] of] r~rn
x'G5 . udL{af6 hf8f] ePsf] dgn] olb va/ lbPg eg] hLjg c;Dej x'G5 . ldq–zq' ePsf], s'g}
cËdf rf]6 nfu]sf] / hLjgdf x'g] kl/jt{gsf] va/ dgn] lbPg eg] hLjg rNg c;Dej x'G5 .
k|ltIf0f xhf/f}+ k|sf/sf va/ dgn] lbO/xG5 . tL xhf/f}+“ va/ ta;Dd lbg ;S5, ha ;fgf]
36gfaf6 klg dg ljrlnt / r~rn x'G5 . xfd|f] hLjgnfO{ cl:tTjdf /fVg] oGq g} dg xf] .
cl:tTj k|ltkn kl/jt{g eO/xG5 . PsIf0f cl3 ePsf] cl:tTj ToxL ¿kdf PsIf0f kl5 g/xg
;S5 . x/If0f rf/}lt/ kl/jt{gsf] k|jfx eO/x]sf] 5 . To;}n] of] kl/jt{gsf] va/ ug]{ dg xfjfdf
kÎf 3'd]em}+ xfjf;Fu} kl/jlt{t x'g tof/ x'g'k5{ . x/kn kl/jt{gsf] ;"rgf xfdLnfO{ lbg' g} dgsf]
pkfb]otf xf] / dg o;} k|of]hgsf nflu x'G5 .
;+;f/ k|ltIf0f kl/jt{g x'G5 t/ k/dfTdf zfZjt / ;gftg x'gfn] slxNo} kl/jt{g x'Fb}g .
k/dfTdf ;b}j ToxL ¿kdf x'G5 t/ ;+;f/ If0fe/ klg pxL ¿kdf /xFb}g . ;+;f/ t alu/x]sf] gbL
h:tf] xf] h'g PsIf0f klg /f]lsFb}g cyf{t\ ;+;f/ kl/jt{gzLn 5 . dg ;+;f/nfO{ hfGg jf a'‰g
;Ifd / ;xof]uL eP klg k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg jf a'‰g lans'n Joy{ / c;xof]uL x'G5 . dgsf]
k|of]hg g} r~rn 5 / r~rnkg x'g' g} o;sf] :jefj xf] . To;}n] lgTo / zfZjTfnfO{ hfGg' dgsf]
k|of]hg xf]Og≤ zfZjt / lgTolt/ dgsf] pkof]u ug{' e"n xf] / Joy{ klg xf] . hf] lgTo jf
zfZjtlt/ ult lng rfxG5 p;n] dgsf] r~rntfnfO{ /f]s]/ jf zfGt u/fP/ dfq ofqf ug{'k5{ .
dgnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ ljlw / dflns x'g hfGg'k5{ . dgnfO{ jzdf ug]{ JolQmn] cfjZostfg';f/ dgsf]
pkof]u ug{ ;S5 . cl:tTj bf]xf]/f] 5, aflx/lt/ ;+;f/ / leqlt/ k/dfTdf 5 . ;Dos\ JolQmTj Tof]
xf] hf] dgsf] dflns aGg ;S5 . dgnfO{ dfg]{ xf]Og o;nfO{ :j]R5fn] ultdfg\ of ultxLg ug{
;lsG5 .
xfdLn] v'§fnfO{ rnfpg grfxFbf grn] h:t} dgnfO{ klg rfx] cg';f/ rnfpg ldNg] u/L
Pp6f pks/0fsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ hfGg'k5{ . dg t k6Ss} g;'gL rln g} /xG5 t/ o;df dgsf]

nf]suLtf– 247
cWofo–^
s'g} bf]if x'Fb}g . h;n] dgnfO{ ufnL u5{g\ tL lans'n ca'em x'g\ lsgeg] xfdLn] g} dgsf] o:tf]
Joj:yf u/]sf 5f“}+ . hLjge/ xfdLn] dgnfO{ o:t} lzIff lbPsf 5f}+“ . xfdLn] dgsf] dflns cfk"m
ePsf] slxNo} 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5}gf“}+ . o;nfO{ lgoGq0f ug]{ pkfo klg xfdLn] u/]sf 5}gf}+ / ljgfsf/0f
dgnfO{ rnfO/x]sf 5f}+“ . o;/L dgsf] dfu{ lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . hGd–hGdfGt/b]lv dg rln/x]sf] 5 .
To;nfO{ /f]Sg] jf aGb ug]{ cEof; xfdL;Fu 5}g . ha o;nfO{ c8 eG5f“},+ ta of] cl8b}g . o;df
dgsf] bf]if geO{ xfdLn] g} o;nfO{ cEo:t agfPsf sf/0f of] /f]lsg hfGb}g . jf:tjdf cflQP/
ha xfdL o;nfO{ /f]lsof];\ eG5f}+ Tof] klg dgsf] g} ult xf] . dg lgoGq0f ug]{ snf hfGg'k5{ . sf/
rnfpFbf a|]s nufpg cfPg eg] /f]s eGb}df Tof] /f]lsb}+g . sf/ /f]Sg rfxG5f}+“ t/ xfdLn] slxNo}
a|]s gnufPsf sf/0f a|]s hfd eO;s]sf] 5 . dgsf] l:ylt klg l7s To:t} 5, dgnfO{ /f]Sg]
cEof; gu/]sfn] xfdL o;nfO{ /f]Sg ;Sb}gf“} .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– dg r~rn x'g' o;sf] :jefj xf] t/ dgsf] oGqdf o;nfO{ /f]Sg] Joj:yf
klg 5 . Tof] /f]Sg] Joj:yf /fd|/L hfGg'k5{ . klxnf] s'/f dg /f]Sg vf]Hbf dg¿kL PlS;n]6/ h;n]
ult k|bfg u5{ To;df v'§f /fVg'x'Gg . uf8Ldf xfdL Pp6} v'§fn] PlS;n]6/ / a|]s lyR5f“} . To:t}
dgnfO{ /f]Sgsf nflu clnslt :yfg kl/jt{g ug{'k5{ . dgnfO{ bf}8fpgsf nflu dg;Fu tfbfTDo
sfod ug{'k5{ / oxL tfbfTDo g} PlS;n]6/ xf] . dgnfO{ a|]s nufpg] l:ylt l7s ljk/Lt x'G5 .
o;sf nflu dgsf] tfbfTDo tf]8\g'k5{ . hlt dg j[lQaf6 cnu x'g;Sof] / d leGg 5' eGg] cg'ej
ug{;Sof] Tolt g} a|]s nfU5 . olb tfbfTDonfO{ bafof] eg] jf Ps eof] eg] dgn] ult klqmG5 /
dg cem r~rn x'G5 . olb tfbfTDonfO{ cnu u¥of] eg] dg crn eP/ k/ x6\5 . xfd|f] ;xof]u
ljgf dg g t r~rn x'g;S5 g xfd|f] c;xof]uljgf l:y/ x'g ;S5 . ;xof]un] ult k|bfg u5{ /
c;xof]un] ult tf]8\5 . s'g} klg j[lQsf] /fudf k¥of}+ eg] /Ë k"/} km}lnG5 / dgsf] ult tLj| x'G5 .
olb j[lQ;Fu k"/f /ldof] eg] 36gf 36\5 t/ :d[lt aGb}g . dgdf ljrf/ rNbf /f]Sg] xf]Og x]g]{
cEof; ug'{k5{ . ljrf/ rNbf k/af6 ;fIfLsf] ¿kdf x]l//x]sf] 5' eGg] efj ug]{ lalQs} dgsf] zlQm
/ ult sd x'g yfN5 . ;fIfLefj hfUg] lalQs} dg tTsfn lj;h{g x'G5 . dg;Fu s;}n] n8\g
;Sb}g, dgk|lt s]jn hfUg ;lsG5 / hfu[ltdf lg/f]w kmlnt x'G5 . ha;Dd dgsf] lg/f]w x'Fb}g,
ta;Dd k/dfTdftkm{sf] ofqf x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] dg ;+;f/sf] nflu ;fwg / k/dfTdfsf nflu
afws xf] .
dgsf] dflns x'g] JolQmn] ;+;f/nfO{ klg k/dfTdfsf] ¿k 7fGb5 / p;sf nflu b'j}lt/sf]
ofqf ;'ud x'G5 . xfd|f] r]tgf Ps lbzftkm{ dfq aUg] x'Fbf of] xfdLnfO{ sl7g nfUb5 . xfdL
Psflt/ dfq b]Vg ;S5f“}+≤ o;df dgsf] s'g} uNtL geO{ of] xfd|f] uNtL xf] . wfld{s JolQmx¿ dgnfO{
r~rn eg]/ bf]if lbG5g\ . bf]if lbg] klg dg g} xf] . hf] dg/lxt x'G5 Tof] l:y/, crn / df}g x'G5
/ ToxfF lgzAbsf] lgjf; x'G5 . dgsf] v'aL pm cfˆgf] ljk/Lt jQmJo lbg ;S5 . dg czfGt x'G5
/ dgn] g} zflGt rflxof] klg eG5 . Ps dgsf] lx:;fn] zflGt / csf]{ lx:;fn] czflGt vf]H5 .
To;}n] k|]d ug{ hfFbf 3[0ff k|fKt x'G5 / ldqtf sfod ug{ vf]Hbf zq'tf k|fKt x'G5 . s;}nfO{ ;'v
lbg vf]Hof] eg] b'vl;jfo s]xL lbg ;lsFb}g . xfdL ;a} ljlIfKt h:t} bf}l8/x]sf 5f}+ / x/]s s'/f
;d:ofdf h]lnPsf] 5 . of] dgsf] ljlIfKt cj:yfnfO{ ha;Dd ;+oddf NofP/ lg/f]wdf pknAw
x'Fb}g ta;Dd k|e'sf] ofqf x'g ;Sb}g . lg/f]w k|fKt x'g] ljlw ;fIfLefj xf] . dg;Fusf] tfbfTDo
tf]8\g' g} of]u xf] . of]usf] cy{ hf]8\g' xf] h;af6 ;+;f/;Fu tf]l8g] / k|e';Fu hf]l8g] x'G5 . h;n]
k|e';Fu hf]l8g] snf hfGb5 Tof] JolQm ;+;f/;Fu klg Ps x'G5 . k/d1fgL of]udf pknAw eP/

nf]suLtf– 248
 cWofo–^
k/dfTdf;Fu Psfsf/ x'G5g\ . hLjgsf] snf dgsf] dflns x'g' xf] . ha rfXof] h'6\g ;S5 / rfx]df
6'6\g klg ;S5 . o:tf] dflnskg xf];\ ls O;f/f ug]{lalQs} xfjfsf] ?v g} ablnof];\ / r]tgf
pt}lt/ aUg yfnf];\ . o:tf] :jtGq r]tgf ePsf] JolQm g} k|e'df pknAw x'G5 .
k|zfGtdg;+ Xo]g+ of]lug+ ;'vd'Qdd\ .
pk}lt zfGt/h;+ a|Xde"tdsNdifd\ ..@&..
ha dg k/dfTdfdf l:yt eP/ zfGt x'G5, hf] kfk /lxt 5, hf] /hf]u'0faf6 dfly p7]sf] 5
/ ;lRrbfgGb3g a|≈dsf ;fy Ps ePsf] 5, o:tf] of]uLn] pQd cfgGb k|fKt ub{5 ..
k|:t't Znf]sdfkm{t kfk/lxt / /hf]u'0f zfGt ePsf] JolQm kfkaf6 d'Qm x'g] s'/f pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 . dflg; kfkaf6 s;/L d'Qm x'G5g\, s] rf]/L ug{', lx+;f ug{' / c;To af]Ng' kfk xf] <
j:t'tM oL kfksf ¿k dfq x'g\ . ;'gsf] r'/f, s0f{km"n, xf/ cflb cfe"if0f ;'gsf :j¿k x'g\ . olb
xfdLn] ;'gnfO{ hfGof} eg] ;'gsf ;a} :j¿kaf/] hfGg ;S5f}+ t/ olb ¿knfO{ dfq hfg]/ ;'gsf
af/]df hfg]gf}+ eg] xfdL wf]sfdf k5f}{+ . To;}n] :j0f{af6 1fg xfl;n ug{'k5{, cfe"if0faf6 xf]Og . l7s
To:t} kfk Pp6} x'G5 t/ o;sf :j¿k cg]s x'G5g\ . d"n;|f]t hfGg ;Sof}+ eg] kfk s] xf] eg]/
hfGg ;lsG5 . cnu–cnu ;dfh cnu–cnu s'/fnfO{ kfk 7fGb5g\ . h'g s'/f Pp6f ;dfhdf kfk
7flgG5 ToxL s'/f csf]{ ;dfhdf k'0o x'g ;S5 . Ps :yfgdf k'0o dflgPsf] s'/f csf]{ :yfgdf kfk
sxlng ;S5 . Pp6f o'udf kfk dflgPsf] s'/f csf]{ o'udf k'0o x'g ;S5 . To;}n] kfksf af/]df
lje|d k}bf ePsf] 5 . cfsf/nfO{ b[li6ut ug]{ xf] eg] lje|d k}bf x'G5 lsgeg] cfsf/ kl/jt{g x'g
;S5 .
kfksf] d"nnfO{ hfGg ;lsof] eg] xfdL kfkaf6 aRg ;S5f“}+ cGoyf aRg ;Sb}gf}+ . >Ls[i0f
kfkaf6 d'Qm / /hf]u'0faf6 aflx/ hf] 5 To;sf af/]df eGg'x'G5 . /hf]u'0f kfksf] cfwf/ xf] . olb
/hf]u'0f leq 5 eg] p;n] gofF kfksf] 9Ë vf]H5 t/ leq /hf]u'0f 5}g eg] kfk vf]Hg] pkfo klg
/xFb}g . xfdL leq kfk pTkGg ug]{ pmhf{ /hf]u'0f xf] . o;sf] Ifdtf jf :jefj g} kfk xf] . ;gftg
dfg;zf:q ljz]if u/L ;fª\Von] tLg u'0fsf] vf]h u/]sf 5g\ . oL tLg} u'0f uxg 5g\ . k|s[ltsf
lqu'0f ;fª\Vosf vf]h x'g\ . ;fª\Von] k|ltkfbg u/]sf ;Tj, /h / td oL tLg u'0faf6 k|s[ltn] sfd
ub{5 .
td l:y/ zlQm jf j:t'df cj/f]w pTkGg ug]{ zlQm xf] . xfdLleq l:y/ zlQm jf cj/f]ws
ePg eg] xfdL /f]lsg ;Sb}gf}+“ . tdf]u'0f gePdf xfdL k/dfTdfdf klg /f]lsg ;Sb}gf}+“ . xfdL dfly
lt/ 9'Ëf ˆofFS5f}+“ t/ Tof] PsIf0f kl5 em5{ / /f]lsG5 . l:y/ zlQm tdf]u'0f gePdf Tof] g/f]lsO{
cgGt sfn;Dd rn]sf] rNo} x'GYof] . ;+;f/df s'g} s'/faf6 /f]lsg' 5 eg] :qLsf] ;xf/f lng'k5{ .
k'?if ;a} s'/f rnfpg]jfnf xf] / :qL To;sf cj/f]ws x'g\ . To;}n] k'?if /h / :qL tdf] u'0fsf
k|tLs x'g\ . ;+;f/df /x]sf ;a} wd{sf k|ltkfbs k'?if x'g\ / :qL ltgLx¿sf ;+/lIfsf x'g\ . :qLsf
sf/0fn] ;a} wd{sf] cl:tTj hf]luPsf] 5 . lxGb", h}g, af}4, lzv, O:nfd, O;fO{ cflb ;a} wd{
k'?ifaf6 l;lh{Psf x'g\ t/ ;a}sf] ;'/Iff :qLn] u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] x/]s dlGb/ Pjd\ rr{x¿df k'?if
sd / dlxnf a9L e]l6G5g\ . k'?if Pp6f ult lbP/ csf]{ ult lbg] s'/fdf bf}l8G5 t/ To;nfO{
/f]Sg], zflGt lbg] / l:y/tfdf Nofpg] sfd :qLn] u5{g\ .
dg;Fu klg /f]Sg] / bf}8fpg] b'j} zlQm x'G5 . td;\\ cj/f]ws jf l:y/ zlQm xf] / /h ult
jf r~rn zlQm xf] . JolQmdf /hf]u'0f clws ePdf dgsf] ult /f]Sg ;lsGg / rnfodfg eO/xG5 .
/h rnfpg] ult / pmhf{ xf] eg] td l:y/ / lj>fd xf] . b'j} zlQm JolQmnfO{ ultzLn Pjd\ lj>fd

nf]suLtf– 249
cWofo–^
u/fpg] zlQm x'g\ . ;Œj ult cj/f]ws geO{ :jefj xf] . /h a9L ePdf ;Œjdf /f]lsFb}g / /h z"Go
ePdf ;Œjdf /f]lsG5 t/ a]xf]; eOG5 . ;a} kfk /hsf] clwstfn] x'G5 . /hsf] clwstfn]
slxn]sfxLF csf/0f klg kfk u/fpF5 . kfk ul/;s]kl5 xfdL sf/0f vf]H5f}+ . xfdL leqsf] /hn] s]xL
ug{ rfx]/ wSsf lbG5 h;n] ubf{ kfk 3l6t x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– /hf]u'0faf6 kf/ cyf{t\ dfly p7\g'k5{ . o;sf] cy{ /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0f
;Gt'ngdf cfP/ z"Go x'g ;lsof];\ eGg] xf] . /hf]u'0fnfO{ sf6\g] sfd klg /hf]u'0fn] g} u5{ lsgeg]
;a} ;fwgfx¿ /hf]u'0faf6 g} x'G5 . To;}n] /hf]u'0f sf6\g] lbzfdf hfg' Joy{ x'gfn] b'O{ u'0fsf]
;Gt'ngsf af/]df dfq ljrf/ ug{'k5{ . /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0f a/fa/ cg'kftdf cfPdf ;Œjdf k|ltli7t
x'g ;lsG5 . o:tf] ;Œjdf pknAw ePsf] JolQmn] clt pRr / >]i7 cfgGbsf ;fy} clt k|;Ggtf
k|fKt ub{5 . oL tLg u'0faf6 hLjgsf zlQmx¿sf] lqe'h aG5 . b'O{ e'hfx¿ tn sf]0f agfpF5g\ .
tnsf b'O{ sf]0f /h / td x'g\ . olb logLx¿ laNfs'n ^)–^) l8u|Lsf] ePdf ;Œjsf] ;Gt'lnt
sf]0fdfly pknAw x'G5 . of] t];|f] sf]0f g} ;Gt'lnt ;Œjsf] sf]0f xf] . of] ;Œjsf] l:ylt clt>]i7tf
xfl;n ug{' / cfgGbsf] lzv/ 5'g' xf] . of] lzv/ 5'gsf nflu ult / l:y/tfnfO{ ;Gt'ngdf
Nofpg'k5{ . ha dgnfO{ hltv]/ rfXof] l:y/ /fVg jf ultdfg\ agfpg ;lsG5, ta rNg] / /f]lsg]
sfd ;Gt'lnt x'G5 lsgeg] Tof] xfd|f] xftdf x'G5 . dg jzdf gx'Fbf xfdL c;Gt'lnt eP/ Ps
lrhdf /f]lsG5f}+ . o;/L c;Gt'lnt ePsf sf/0f hLjgsf ;f/f hl6ntfx¿ k}bf ePsf 5g\ . ;f/f
hl6ntf / kfk c;Gt'ngsf] kmn xf] .
/h / td b'O{ u'0faf6 kfk pTkGg x'G5 . /hf]u'0faf6 pTkGg x'g] kfk lawfos / tdf]u'0faf6
pTkGg x'g] kfk d"s bz{s (Silent spectator) x'G5 . s;}n] 5'/f k|xf/ ubf{ klg r'krfk al;/xg',
d"sbz{s eP/ s]xL gu/L df}g /x]/ lj/f]w gug{' d""sbz{s kfk xf] . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfdL tdf]u'0fsf
sf/0f kfkdf ;xefuL eO/x]sf x'G5f}F . 5'/f k|xf/ ug{' /hf]u'0fk|wfg kfk xf] / r'krfk x]/]/ a:g'
tdf]u'0f k|wfg kfk xf] . tdf]u'0fL JolQm r'krfk pleP/ ;xefuL x'G5 / of] 36gf xfd|f] gsf/fTds
;xof]uaf6 kmlnt x'G5 . ;dfhdf k|ToIf / ck|ToIf b'O{ k|sf/sf kfkL x'G5g\ . lawfos kfk Tof] xf]
hf] k|ToIf kfk u5{g\ / d"s bz{s kfk Tof] xf] hf] r'krfk pleP/ jf bz{s eP/ x]5{g\ .
g]kfndf dfcf]jfbL åGåsfndf kfFr xhf/ hgtf a;f]af; ug]{ ufpFdf kfFr hgf
cftª\sf/Lx¿n] b}lgs cftª\s dRrfO{ xTof;d]t ul//xFbf klg kfFr xhf/ JolQm ;w}+ df}g /x]/
pgLx¿nfO{ gsf/fTds ;xof]u ul//x] . krf; hgf ;jf/ uf8Ldf b'O{ hgf cfP/ cfuf] nufP jf
ad k8\sfP . krf; hgf r'krfk bz{s ag] . o;nfO{ td;\\sf] k|efjaf6 x'g] gsf/fTds kfk
elgG5 . xfdL k|ToIf kfkLnfO{ kqmG5f“}+, h]ndf xfN5f“}+ t/ ck|ToIf kfkLnfO{ s]xL ub}{gf“}+ . ck|ToIf
kfkL klg ;fgf] kfkL x'Fb}g . To;}n] kfksf] cfe"if0fnfO{ xf]Og kfksf] h8nfO{ klxrfg ug]{ k|oTg
ug{'k5{ . olb lrQ td;\\lt/ a9L em'Sof] eg] dflg; gsf/fTds kfkdf nfU5 . /hf]u'0flt/ a9L
em'Sof] eg] JolQm lawfos kfkdf nfU5 .
kfkaf6 aflx/ cfpg] pkfo eg]sf] /h / td a/fa/ eO{ ;Gt'ng sfod x'g' xf] . o;sf
dfWodaf6 ;Œjdf k'Ug ;lsG5 . ;Œj g} k'0o xf] . kfk h:tf] k'0o klg b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5 . s'g}
dflg; k'0ofTdf h:tf] b]lvG5 lsgeg] td;\\ a9L ePsfn] kfk ug{ ;Sb}g h'g gsf/fTds k'0o xf] .
sf]xL eG5g\– d}n] s'g} rf]/L u/]sf] 5}g o;sf] dtna pm rf]/ xf]Og eGg] xf]Og . olt dfq xf] ls
td;\\sf sf/0f rf]/L ug]{ lxDdt ug{ ;s]g . l;h{gfTds 1fg /h / tdsf] ;Gt'ngdf kmlnt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] l:yltdf k/d cfgGb pknAw x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 250
 cWofo–^
o'~hGg]j+ ;bfTdfg+ of]uL ljutsNdifM .
;'v]g a|Xd;+:kz{dToGt+ ;'vdZg't] ..@*..
kfk/lxt, lg/Gt/ cfTdfnfO{ k/dfTdfdf nufO/xg] cfTd\;+odL of]uL ;d:t ef}lts sNdifaf6
d'Qm eO{ ;'vn] k/dfTdf k|flKt¿k cfgGbnfO{ cg'ej ub{5 ..
kfk/lxt JolQm cfTdfnfO{ k/dfTdfdf nufpFb} k/d cfgGbdf pknAw x'G5 . kfk/lxt k'?ifn]
g} cfTdfnfO{ k/dfTdflt/ c6'6 ¿kdf nufpg ;S5 . hf] JolQm kfkaf6 /lxt 5}g p;n] cfTdfnfO{
;tt ¿kdf kbfy{df nufO/xG5 . cfTdfnfO{ kbfy{df nufpg' kfk xf] / k/dfTdfdf nufpg' k'0o
xf] . kfksf] kmn b'v xf] / k'0osf] kmn cfgGb xf] . kbfy{sf] pkof]u ug{' /fd|f] s'/f xf] t/ kbfy{df
cfTdfnfO{ nufpg' unt s'/f xf] . cfTdfnfO{ kbfy{df gnufO{ To;sf] pkof]u ug{' g} of]usf] snf xf]
/ ToxL s'zntfsf] gfd of]u xf] . pkof]u t z/L/af6 ug{'kg]{ x'G5≤ h:tf] ls ef]hg z/L/af6
ul/G5 . ef]hgsf] h?/t z/L/sf lglDt xf] t/ ef]hg gu/] klg cfTdfnfO{ ef]hgdf nufO/fVg
;lsG5 . cfTdf kbfy{;Fu xf]Og ljrf/;Fu afFlwG5 . olb ljrf/ 5f]8]df cfTdf d'Qm x'g ;S5 .
cfTdfdfly kbfy{sf] s'g} aGwg x'Fb}g s]jn /;sf] aGwg x'G5 . xfdL kbfy{af6 /; lnG5f“}+ . hxfF
xfdL /; lnG5f“} ToxLF Wofg k|jflxt x'g yfN5 .
kbfy{df l;wf /; glnP/ pkof]u u/]df w]/} /; lng ;lsG5 . kbfy{df /; lng] JolQm
pkof]u klg ug{ ;Sb}g / w]/} b'v, kL8f k|fKt u5{ . hf] JolQm ef]hgdf /; lng vf]H5 p;nfO{
ef]hgaf6 /; k|fKt geO{ gf]S;fg dfq x'G5 . ef]hgdf /; glnO{ pkef]u ug]{ JolQmn] g} ;'v k|fKt
ub{5 . /;sf] lkmqmL gu/L l7s;Fu ef]hg ug]{ JolQm rkfP/ la:tf/} vfG5 t/ :jfbn] vfg] JolQm
rkfP/ vfFb}g . hLjgdf ;Dos\ pkof]uaf6 dfq /;k"0f{ s'/f k|fKt x'G5 . ;Dos\ pkof]u ta k|fKt
x'G5, ha xfd|f] cfTdfsf] kbfy{;Fu s'g} nufj x'Fb}g . kbfy{af6 w]/} ;'v kfOG5 eGg] nfUg' cf;lQm
xf] . hlt xfdL j:t'sf] ;+u|x u5f}{+ Tolt g} lrlGtt x'G5f“}+ . x/]s j:t'sf] /Iffsf nflu xfdLnfO{ cGo
j:t'sf] cfjZostf kb{5 / cGtdf JolQm x/fP/ j:t'x¿sf] ;+u|x dfq afFsL /xG5 . s[i0f kfk/lxt
k'?ifsf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 . kfksf] cy{ j:t'df nfu]sf] /; xf] . j:t'x¿sf] ;+u|xsf] bf}8df kfk / k'0osf]
hfgsf/L klg x'Fb}g . j:t'tM j:t'n] ;a} kfk u/fpF5 . wg xftdf eof] eg] ;f/f j:t' lsGg ;lsG5
eGg] e|ddf eOG5 t/ hlt j:t' lsg] klg j:t'eGbf cfk"m cnu ePsf] hfgsf/L gePdf hLjg kfk
/ cGwsf/do x'G5 . kbfy{lt/ bf}l8g], kfkn] el/Psf] lrQaf6 d'Qm gx'g] xf] eg] xfd|f] ;f/f hLjg
kfkdf g} ;dfKt x'G5 . kbfy{lt/ bf}l8g] lrQ k/dfTdflt/ bf}l8g ;Sb}g .
kbfy{ ;fsf/ / k/dfTdf lg/fsf/ 5 . kbfy{ h8 / k/dfTdf r]tg xf] . kbfy{ aflx/ /
k/dfTdf leq 5 . kbfy{ tn / k/dfTdf dfly 5 . kbfy{n] d[To'df / k/dfTdfn] cd[tlt/ n}hfG5 .
k/dfTdflt/ ofqf ug]{ lrQ lans'n ljk/Lt 5 . To;}n] t kbfy{lt/ hfg] lrQ k/dfTdflt/ hfg}
;Sb}g . kbfy{tkm{ cl3 a9\bf k/dfTdf;Dd k'luFb}g . To;}n] k/dfTdf k|fKt ug{sf nflu ofqfsf]
lbzf lkmtf{ ug{'k5{ . ha;Dd k|e' kfpg ;lsGg, ta;Dd zflGt klg k|fKt x'Fb}g . kbfy{af6 lkmtf{
eP/ ljk/Lt ofqf u/]df k/dfTdf cToGt lgs6 x'G5 . s]jn kbfy{lt/ bf}l8g] kfkaf6 k"/} lkmtf{
x'g'k5{ . kbfy{ pGd'v x'g' kfk xf] eg] kbfy{ tk{m 9f8 kmsf{pg' k'0o xf] . xfdL ca'em ePsfn] g}
kbfy{;Fu hf]l8Psf 5f“}+ . xfd|f] wg Pjd\ j:t'df ePsf] cf;lQm 5'6fpg'k5{ clg dfq j:t'sf] pkof]u
x'g ;S5 . k|e'nfO{ kfpgsf nflu kbfy{df ePsf] xfd|f] cf;lQmnfO{ 5f]8\g'k5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf]
kfkaf6 d'Qm x'G5 pm k|e'lt/ pGd'v x'G5 . kbfy{af6 d'Qm dg k|e'lt/ tTsfn ultdfg\ x'G5 .
kbfy{df ePsf] cf;lQm 5f]8\g] lalQs} k/dfTdfnfO{ kfOG5 . k|e';Fusf] ldngdf cfgGb g} cfgGb

nf]suLtf– 251
cWofo–^
ePsfn] Psk6s ;DaGw :yflkt ePkl5 p;nfO{ e'Ng g} ;lsGg / h] ubf{ klg p;sf] ;tt :d/0f
eO/xG5 .
lrQ kfkaf6 d'Qm ePkl5 dfq k|e':d/0f ;tt ¿kdf ;Dej x'G5 . ha ;a} sfd ubf{ub}{
klg ;tt ¿kdf k|e':d/0fdf lrQ nflu/xG5, ta of]u k"/f x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ePsf] JolQmnfO{
s'g} sfdn] klg k|e':d/0faf6 5'6fpg ;Sb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Psk6s lrQaf6 kfk x6\of] eg]
k/d cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 . xfdLn] clnslt ;'v / w]/} b'v hfg]sf 5f}+ . ;'vsf] sfdgf u/] klg
cGTodf xfdLnfO{ b'v k|fKt ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] ;'v / b'v dfq hfg]sf 5f}+ / k/dfgGbsf af/]df
xfdLnfO{ s]xL hfgsf/L 5}g . xfdLnfO{ cfgGb ;'vs} 7'nf] ¿k xf] eGg] nfU5 t/ cfgGb zAbsf]zdf
n]lvPsf] h:tf] 7'nf] ;'v xf]Og . ;'v / b'v;Fu cfgGbsf] s'g} ;DaGw 5}g . ;'v / b'v b'j} z]if /x]g
eg] dfq cfgGb kmlnt x'G5 .
;'v / b'v b'j} kbfy{;Fu hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ / oL b'j} kfk x'g\ . kbfy{;Fu ghf]l8Psf ;'v–b'v
g} x'Fb}gg\ . oL b'j};Fu ghf]l8Psf] cfgGb xf] h;;Fu xfdL kl/lrt g} 5}gf}+“ . xfdLnfO{ wg k|fKt x'Fbf
;'vsf] / wg x/fof] eg] b'vsf] cg'ej x'G5 . cfkmGt;Fu ldng x'Fbf ;'vsf] / la5f]8 x'Fbf b'vsf]
cg'ej x'G5 . ;a} cg'ej kbfy{;Fu dfq x'G5 . cfgGbsf] cg'ejaf6 dfq k/dfTdfnfO{ hflgG5 /
cfgGb k/dfTdfsf] ;tt :d/0faf6 dfq kfpg ;lsG5 . ;fIfLefjsf] bzfdf xfdL k/dfTdfsf]
glhs k'Ug ;S5f“}+ . x/]s 36gfdf cfk"m cnu eP/ k/ pleP/ x]g]{ snf ;fIfLefj xf] .
;j{e"t:ydfTdfg+ ;j{e"tflg rfTdlg .
O{Ift] of]uo'QmfTdf ;j{q ;dbz{gM ..@(..
jf:tljs of]uLn] ;d:t hLjx¿df dnfO{ b]Vb5 / ddf g} ;d:t hLjx¿nfO{ b]Vb5 . :j¿k
l;4 JolQmn] lgM;Gb]x dnfO{ g} ;d:t a|Xdf08, ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL / ;j{q ljBdfg k/dfTdfsf] ¿kdf
b]Vb5 ..
of] df+ kZolt ;j{q ;j{+ r dlo kZolt .
t:ofx+ g k|0fZofld ; r d] g k|0fZolt ..#)..
h;n] ;j{q ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿df …dÚ jf;'b]jnfO{ b]Vb5 / …dÚ df ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿nfO{ b]Vb5
To;sf nflu …dÚ slxNo} cb[Zo x'Gg / d]/f nflu klg pm slxNo} cb[Zo x'bF }g ..
xfdL k/dfTdf cb[Zo 5 eGg] dfGotf /fV5f“}+ t/ xfd|f] dfGotf q'l6k"0f{ 5 lsgeg] k/dfTdf
cb[Zo 5}g . xfdL g} cGwf 5f}+“ . xfdL cfˆgf] cGwf]kgnfO{ :jLsf/ ub}{gf“} a? k/dfTdfnfO{ g} cb[Zo
7fGb5f}+“ lsgeg] cfk"mnfO{ cGwf] dfGbf xfd|f] cxª\sf/nfO{ rf]6 nfU5 . xfdL h] b]V5f“},+ Tof] ;a}
k/dfTdf g} ePsf]n] pm t b[Zo g} 5 s]jn xfd|f] cfFvf dfq v'Nnf x'g'k5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n]
;d:t k|f0fLdf Ps / Psdf ;d:t k|f0fLsf] cg'ej ug{ ;S5, To;sf nflu g t …dÚ cb[Zo 5' / g
pm d]/f nflu cb[Zo x'G5 . xfdL cfˆgf] cGwf]kg / c1fgtfsf sf/0f k/dfTdf cb[Zo ePsf] 7fGb5f}+“
t/ k/dfTdfsf nflu xfdL cb[Zo 5}gf“+} cGoyf of] hLjg ;~rfng g} x'g ;Sb}g .
k|To]s j:t'sf] cfsf/, u'0f / :jefj klg cnu–cnu x'G5 t/ j:t'sf] leGgtfleq h;n]
cleGgtf b]Vg ;S5, p;n] ;a}nfO{ b]Vg ;S5 . ha xfdL ¿k x]5f}{, ta c¿k b]lvGg . xfdL ;fsf/
Pjd\ ¿kjfg\ dfq b]V5f“}+ t/ lg/fsf/ b]Vb}gf}+“ . ;j{q lg/fsf/ df}h'b 5 t/ xfdL ;fsf/ dfq b]Vb5f}+“ .
;j{q lgu{'0f df}h'b 5 t/ xfdL ;u'0f dfq hfGb5f}+“ . x/]s :yfgdf c;Ld df}h'b 5 t/ xfdL
;Ldf;Fu dfq kl/lrt 5f“}+ . ha xfdL lg/fsf/nfO{ hfGg] 5f}“, ta k/dfTdfnfO{ ;j{q / cg]sdf Ps
b]Vg ;Sg] 5f“} . ‰ofnaf6 cfsfz x]bf{ cfsfz ;Lldt b]lvG5 t/ cfsfz c;Lldt / lg/fsf/ 5 .

nf]suLtf– 252
 cWofo–^
OlG›osf] ;Ldfsf sf/0fn] xfdL lg/fsf/ b]Vg ;Sb}gf}“ s]jn ;fsf/ dfq b]V5f“} . ;a} OlG›ox¿n]
lg/fsf/nfO{ cfsf/ lbG5g\ . s[i0fn] o;eGbf cl3;Dd OlG›oaf6 kf/ x'g] JolQmn] dfq dnfO{ hfGg
;S5 eGg'ePsf] lyof] . clxn] pxfF h;n] dnfO{ ;a} k|f0fLx¿df b]Vb5 / …dÚ df ;a} k|f0fLx¿ b]V5
cyf{t\ Psdf ;a} / ;a}df Ps b]V5 Tof] …dÚ df g} l:yt x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . oL b'j} 36gf ;a}df Ps
b]Vg] / Psdf ;a} b]Vg] Pp6} 36gfsf b'O{ lsgf/f x'g\ .
:qLlrQ ;lhn};Fu Psdf ;a}nfO{ b]Vg ;S5 / Psaf6 g} t[Kt klg x'G5 . :qLlrQ Psdf
/f]lsg] x'gfn] :qL hlt k|uf9 k|]d ug{ ;S5g\ Tof] k'?ifn] ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . k'?ifsf] k|]d afFl8G5 . k'?if /
:qL lrQ olt leGg 5 ls oL b'j}sf lardf Ps¿ktf x'g ;Sb}g . k'?ifsf] lrQ kl/jt{g eO/xg]
x'Fbf cfWoflTds lbzfdf klg p;nfO{ cg]sdf Pssf] vf]haf6 ofqf ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . ;fsf/
¿k;Fu OlG›osf] ;Lldt Ifdtfn] ubf{ xfd|f] ulx/f] tfbfTDo x'G5 . of] tfbfTDonfO{ tf]8\g'k5{ /
tf]8\gsf nflu cfkm" ›i6f ePsf] hfGg'k5{ . s[i0fsf] ;f/f ;fwgf k4lt ›i6fsf] ;fwgf k4lt xf] . d
›i6f x'F eg]/ hfGg]lalQs} ljrf/x¿ / …dÚ leGg x'G5 . of] k[ystf hfg]kl5 Tof] lj/f6\
cGt/cfsfzsf] ofqf ;'? x'G5 . h'g lbg Tof] lj/f6\nfO{ hflgG5 To;} lbg Psdf cg]s / cg]sdf
Ps b]lvG5 .
h;nfO{ Psdf cg]s b]Vg' 5 p;sf nflu elQm ;'ud dfu{ x'G5 . elQmdfu{ d"ntM :qL–
lrQsf] k|tLs xf] . dL/fsf] h:tf] :qL–lrQ elQmdfu{sf] k|tLs xf] . dL/f j[Gbfjgsf] dlGb/df bz{gfy{
uOg\ t/ k"hf/Ln] :qLnfO{ dlGb/ k|j]zsf] cg'dlt glbg] atfP . ta dL/fn] elgg\– d t
>Ls[i0fafx]s sf]xL k'?if 5}gg\ eGg] ;f]Ry]+ tkfO{ klg k'?if x'g'x'G5 eGg] dnfO{ yfxf lyPg . o;y{ d
tkfO{“sf] bz{g ug{ rfxG5' . of] Psdf cg]s vf]Hg]jfnf lrQ xf] h;df Ps dfq k'?if >Ls[i0f
x'g'x'G5, afFsL ;a} :qLx¿ x'g\ . k'hf/L dL/fsf] s'/f ;'g]/ cflQP / dfkmL dfUb} leq cfpg cg'/f]w
u/] . s[i0fsf] dlGb/df csf]{ k'?if ePsf] bfaL ug{' unt ePsf] pgn] l:jsf/] . elQm ;dk{0fsf] dfu{
of :qLlrQsf] dfu{ xf] . s;}sf] r/0fdf ;a} /flvlbg' cyf{t\ Pp6f r/0fdf ;f/f hut\sf] lz/
e'msfpg' elQm xf] .
dxfjL/ z'4 k'?if lrQ x'g'x'G5 . cfTdf g} k/dfTdf xf] eGg' z'4 k'?ifsf] 3f]if0ff xf] . k'?if
s'g} k/dfTdf dfGg ;Sb}g lsgeg] k/dfTdf dfg]df ;dk{0f ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . k'?if ;ª\sNk / ;fwgf
ug{ ;S5 . dxfjL/ eGg'x'G5– :jod\nfO{ hfGg' g} k/dfTdf x'g' xf] c¿ s]xL hfGg' h?/L 5}g . k'?if
:jod\df afFR5 / :qL ;b}j c¿df afFR5g\ . olb ;dk{0f ug]{ lrQ ePdf Psdf cg]s ;xh}
b]lvG5 . To;}n] :qL k'?ifdf k/d]Zj/ b]Vg ;S5g\ . a'4ky k'?if ky xf]≤ To;}n] o;df :qL NofOof]
eg] ky g} ablnG5 eg]/ pxfFn] :qLnfO{ bLIff lbg w]/} ;do;Dd c:jLsf/ ug{'eof] . Pp6f tfls{s
36gfsf sf/0f a'4n] :qLnfO{ bLIff lbg'kg]{ cj:yf cfof] . ToxL ;do a'4n] 3f]if0ff ug{'eof] ls d]/f]
wd{ hf] kfFr xhf/ jif{;Dd rNg] lyof] Tof] ca kfFr ;o jif{;Dd klg rNg ;Sg] 5}g lsgeg]
:qLx¿n] d]/f] k4ltnfO{ kl/jt{g ul/lbg] 5g\ . :qL–lrQn] pxfFsf] 3f]if0ff h:t} af}4 wd{nfO{ kl/jt{g
ul/lbP . k'?if / :qL b'j} k|sf/sf] lrQ OlG›oeGbf dfly p7\g'k5{ . :qLlrQ ;dk{0fn] dfly p7\5
eg] k'?if lrQ ;ª\sNkn] kf/ x'G5 . :qLdfu{ ;dk{0fsf] dfu{ ePsfn] Ps km8\sf]df kf/ x'g ;S5
t/ k'?if dfu{ ;ª\sNksf] dfu{ ePsfn] nfdf] x'G5≤ t;y{ Ps–Ps u/L dfly p7\g'kg]{ x'G5 . oL b'j}
dfu{af6 ToxLF k'luG5 cyf{t\ k/dfTdf k|fKt x'G5 .
OlG›oftLt x'g] JolQmsf nflu k/dfTdf b[Zo x'G5 / lg/fsf/ ;du|tfdf k|s6 x'G5 .
cxª\sf/n] cfsf/ k|bfg u5{≤ t;y{ lg/fsf/ b]Vg cxª\sf/ z"Go x'g}k5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–

nf]suLtf– 253
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cxª\sf/ljxLg cj:yfdf ePsf] JolQmsf nflu …dÚ lg/fsf/ x'Fbf x'Fb} klg ;fsf/ h:tf] b[Zo x'G5' /
o:tf] JolQm dnfO{ b[Zo x'G5 . xfdL h] 5f}F ToxL b]V5f“}+ / k/dfTdf klg pm h] 5, ToxLF b]Vg ;S5 .
To;}n] ha;Dd xfdL k/dfTdf h:tf] x'g ;Sb}gf}+ ta;Dd p;n] xfdLnfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}g . xfdLnfO{
p;n] b]Vg ;Sb}g lsgeg] pm olt z'4 5 / xfdL olt cz'4 5f}+“ ls Tof] z'l4df xfd|f] cz'l4sf] s'g}
k|ltkmng x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] ha;Dd xfd|f] cz'l4 x6\b}g xfdL p;sf] z'l4df k|ltkmlnt x'g
;Sb}gf}+“ . k/dfTdf gb]lvg'df p;sf] xf]Og xfd|f] cz'l4 afws x'G5 . pm olt lg/fsf/, lj/f6\, c;Ld
5 ls Tof] lg/fsf/sf] cfFvfdf xfd|f] cfsf/ u|x0fof]Uo g} x'Fb}g . h;/L cfsf/sf] cfFvfdf lg/fsf/
b]lv“b+}g To;/L g} lg/fsf/sf] cfFvfdf cfsf/ cfpFb}g lsgeg] cfsf/ olt 5'› 36gf xf] hf] Tof]
lj/f6\ lg/fsf/sf] lgoGq0fdf cfpg ;Sb}g . jf:tjdf lg/fsf/ / cfsf/sf] lardf s'g} ;DaGw aGg
;Sb}g . lg/fsf/ cfsf/;Fu ldNg ;s] Tof] klg cfsf/jfnf x'G5 . ;a} ;Ldfx¿ c¿;Fu aG5g\ t/
c;Ldsf] nflu s'g} csf]{ g} x'Fb}g . ha xfdL ;Ldfdf geP/ c;Ld x'G5f}+“, ta c;Ldsf] c;Ld;Fu
ldng x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ha;Dd xfdL k/dfTdf h:t} x'Fb}gf“}+, ta;Dd xfdL pxfFnfO{
b]Vg / k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gf“}+ .
ha xfdL ;a}df Ps / Psdf ;a} b]Vg yfN5f“},+ To; If0f g} xfdLnfO{ k/dfTdfsf] ;fIffTsf/
x'G5 . ;fIffTsf/ dfq xf]Og xfdL k/dfTdfdf Psfsf/ x'G5f“}+ . To;If0f xfdL klg lg/fsf/ k/dfTdf
x'g] 5f}+ . k/dfTdf dfq k/dfTdf;Fu ldNg ;S5 . ldng ;bf ;dfgdf x'G5 . c;dfgsf lar ldng
x'Fb}g . h;nfO{ cfˆgf] lg/fsf/sf] af]w x'G5 pxL cfˆgf] cfsf/af6 kf/ eP/ k/dfTdf;Fu ldNg ;S5 .
lg/fsf/sf] af]w x'gf;fy of] z/L/ Pp6f j:qeGbf a9L x'Fb}g . OlG›ox¿ pkof]u ug]{ oGql;jfo s]xL
x'Fb}gg\ . xfdL k/dfTdf;Fu ta b[Zo x'G5f}+“, ha k/dfTdf xfd|f nflu b[Zo x'G5 . ha;Dd k/dfTdf
xfd|f nflu cb[Zo x'G5, ta;Dd xfdL klg p;sf nflu cb[Zo g} x'G5f“}+ . xfdL k/dfTdfdf g} afFR5f“}+,
a:5f“}+, vfG5f“}+, p7\5f“}+, hlGdG5f“}+ / p;df g} dg]{ 5f}+“ t/ klg p;n] xfdLnfO{ b]Vg kfpFb}g lsgeg]
xfd|f] kfqtf g} p;n] b]Vg ;Sg] u/L lgdf{0f ePsf] 5}g . xfd|f] kfqtfsf] 3f]if0ff ToxL If0f x'G5 ha
xfdL p;sf lglDt of]Uo x'G5f“}+ .
>Ls[i0f Hofb} s?0ffjfg\ x'g'x'G5 . pxfFsf Ps Ps zAb uxg dxŒjsf 5g\≤ To;}n] uLtf
dxfg\ ;+jfb xf] . of] ch{'gsf] l:yltnfO{ b[li6ut u/L s[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] xf] . ha ch{'g s[i0fsf s'/f
a'‰b}gg\, ta s[i0f cem tn em/]/ ch{'gnfO{ ;Demfpg'x'G5 . ch{'gsf] a'emfOn] prfO 6]Sg] lalQs}
s[i0f dfly uP/ af]Ng'x'G5 . To;}n] uLtfdf w]/} ptf/–r9fj 5g\, of] ;dtndf 5}g . ch{'g xfdL
;a}sf nflu lgldQ ePsfn] of] uLtf¿kL cd[tsf] kfg ug]{ ;f}efUo xfdLn] klg kfPsf 5f}“ .
;j{e"tl:yt+ of] df+ ehTo]sTjdfl:ytM .
;j{yf jt{dfgf]˜lk ; of]uL dlo jt{t] ..#!..
h'g of]uL Ps} efjdf l:yt eP/ ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿df cfTd¿kn] a;]sf] k/dfTdf:j¿k d
;lRrbfgGb3g af;'b]jnfO{ eHb5 Tof] ;b}j …dÚdf g} lj/fhdfg x'G5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;a} k|f0fLx¿df k/dfTdfnfO{ eHg] JolQm …dÚdf k|fKt x'G5 . PsfGtdf
k|e'df ;dlk{t uLt ufpg', k|e'sf] :d/0f ug{' jf dlGb/df d"lt{;dIf efjk"0f{ lgj]bg ug{' g} ehg
xf] . pxfF csf]{ uDeL/ / Jofks cfofdsf af/]df klg eGg'x'G5 . ;d:t k|f0fLdf …dÚ ;lRrbfgGb
k/dfTdfnfO{ eHg] / hlt j:t'x¿ 5g\ tL ;a}df k/dfTdfsf] ¿ksf] :d/0f ug]{ JolQm …dÚ df g}
lj/fhdfg x'G5 . af6fdf /x]sf] 9'Ëf xf];\ jf cfsfzsf afbn / ;"o{ g} lsg gxf]pmg\, aRrfsf]
sf]dn ¿k of ldq jf zq' g} lsg gxf]pmg\≤ e]l6Psf hlt ;a} k|f0fL / kbfy{df k|e'sf] ¿k b]Vg] /

nf]suLtf– 254
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:d/0f ug]{ JolQmx¿ ;lRrbfgGb k/dfTdfsf] ¿knfO{ eHb5g\ / …dÚ df k|fKt x'G5g\ . af6fdf e]l6g]
j[If, hgfj/, gbL jf h] k|s6 ¿k b]lvG5 To;df Tof] lg/fsf/sf] :d/0f ug{' g} ehg xf] . s;}nfO{
b]Vbf Tof] JolQmdf k/dfTdf g} b]Vg' Pjd\ ;d:t k|f0fLdf klg k|e'sf] ¿k b]Vg' / eHg' k/dfTdfsf]
:d/0f ug'{ xf] .
PsfGtdf ehg ;lhnf] x'G5 lsgeg] ToxfF xfdL PSn} x'G5f}+“ . d"lt{sf cufl8 klg eHg
;lhnf] x'G5 . k|foM ToxfF klg ulx/fOdf xfdL PSn} x'G5f“}+ t/ hLjgsf] c6'6 k|jfxdf hxfF s}of}+
JolQmx¿;Fu e]63f6 x''G5 ToxfF zq'nfO{ klg k/dfTdfsf] ¿kdf b]Vg' eg]sf] k|e' ehg ug{' xf] .
hLjgdf hxfF ;ª\3if{, tgfj, czflGt / zq'tf x'G5 ToxfF klxnf] :d/0f k|e'sf] ug{ ;Sg' k|e' ehg
xf] . klxn] c¿ksf] klxrfg u/L kl5 ¿knfO{ lrGg ;Sg' Pjd\ o:tf] c¿knfO{ k|ltkn b]Vg] ;fwgf
g} k|e' eHg' xf] . hLjGt ;fwgf 3/ jf dlGb/leq xf]Og d'Qm cGt/–cfsfz leq x'G5 .
Pp6f dxfgfl:ts hf] k/dfTdf 5}g eGYof] pm Ps lbg ef/t dxf/fi6«sf] ;Gt PsgfysxfF
k'Uof] . Psgfy zÍ/sf] lkF8Ldf v'§f /fv]/ ;'lt/xg' ePsf] lyof] . pxfFnfO{ p7fpg] k|of; gu/L To;
gfl:tsn] ;Gt p7\g] k|tLIff u/]/ s'l//Xof] . Psgfy laxfg !) ah] p7\g'eof] . clg gfl:tsn]
eGof]– ;fw';Gt t a|fXdd'x"t{df p7\5g\ t/ tkfO{ s:tf] ;fw' xf] hf] !) ah] p7\g'x'G5 < Psgfyn]
hjfkm lbFb} eGg'eof]– ha ;fw';Gt p7\5g\, ta a|fXdd'x"t{ x'G5 . To;}n] of] a|fXdd'x"t{ g} xf] . d
cfˆgf] tkm{af6 ;'lTbgF, ha pm ;'T5 ta of] z/L/ ;'T5, ha pm p7\5 ta z/L/ p7\5 . d}n] t oxL
hfg]sf] 5' ls ha a|Xdsf] lg›f v'N5 ta a|fXdd'x"t{ x'G5 . d cfˆgf] tkm{af6 ;'Tbf klg ;'lTbgF,
p7\bf klg p7\lbgF, pm g} ;'T5 / pm g} p7\5 . oxL xf] a|fXdd'x"t{ lsgeg] a|Xd pl7/x]sf] 5 . To;
gfl:tsn] eGof]– d t a|Xd 5 ls 5}g eg]/ ;f]Wg cfPsf] lyPF t/ tkfO“{ t cfkm}+“nfO{ a|Xd eGb}
x'g'x'G5 . Psgfyn] eGg'eof]– d dfq xf]Og ltdL klg a|Xd xf} . ltdL / ddf olt cGt/ 5 ls
ltdLnfO{ cfkm" a|Xd ePsf] yfxf 5}g t/ dnfO{ yfxf 5 .
gfl:tsn] PsgfynfO{ zÍ/sf] lkF9Ldf v'§f k;f/]/ ;'Tg'sf] sf/0f ;f]Wbf pxfFn] hjfkm
lbg'eof]– d}n] ;a}lt/ v'§f /fv]/ x]/]+, ;a}lt/ zÍ/ /xg' ePsf] yfxf kfPF . ;j{q zÍ/ /xg'ePsfn]
s'g} g s'g} lbzfdf t v'§f k;fg}{ k5{ . To;f] ePsfn] d}n] ;f]Rg} 5f]8]+ . pxfFn] eGg'eof]– ltdL
6f9faf6 cfPsf 5f} . To;}n] d ef]hg agfpF5', vfP/ dfq hfpm . pxfFn] ufpFdf uP/ ux'Fsf] lk7f]
NofP/ /f]6L agfpg'eof] . ha /f]6L agfP/ /fVg'eof], ta s's'/n] Pp6f /f]6L lnP/ efUof] . Psgfy
klg l3psf] efF8f] lnP/ s's'/sf] kl5 bf}8g'eof] . Tof] b[Zo b]v]/ To; gfl:tsnfO{ s] nfUof] eg] oL
b'i6 ;fw' s's'/n] nu]sf] /f]6L vf]:g bu'b}{ 5g\ . pm klg ;fw'sf] kl5 kl5 bf}l8of] . ptf ;fw'n] Ps
dfOn bf}l8Pkl5 s's'/nfO{ ;dft] / /f]6L vf];]/ l3p bNg yfn] . l3p gbnL /fdnfO{ /f]6L vfg dg
nfUb}g . ltdL klg cfOGbf l3p gbnL /f]6L lnP/ gefu cGoyf d /fd|f] dfGg] 5}g eGg'eof] /
s's'/nfO{ k'gM l3p bn]sf] /f]6L v'jfpg'eof] . oxL g} k|e'nfO{ lg/Gt/ eHg' xf] . ;a}df k|e' b]Vg] oxL
ehg pgdf rln/x]sf] 5 . olb ;a}lt/ k|e' 5 eg] zÍ/sf] lkF9Ldf dfq xf]Og ;a}lt/ k|e' g} x'G5 .
olb ;a}df k|e' 5 eg] s's'/df klg pxL 5≤ To;}n] l3pljgf /f]6L s;/L vfg lbg] . oL b'j}
k|e'ehgdf nLg ePsf lrQsf ¿k x'g\ . xfdL h] b]V5f“},+ To;df k|e'sf] xf]Og ;+;f/sf] :d/0f u5f}{+ .
;+;f/df h] hlt 5'›, cz'e / lgDg:t/sf s'/fx¿ 5g\ ltgsf] g} xfdL ;tt :d/0f ul//xG5f“+} .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k|e'sf] ehg sl7g tk:of xf] . hxfF h] j:t' b]lvG5, tL ;a}df k|e' k|s6
ePsf] 7fGg' / k|e'sf cltl/Qm c¿ sf]xL klg 5}gg\ eGg] :d/0fefj ljsl;t ug{' g} k|e'ehg xf] .
aflx/L b[Zodf ha;Dd csf]{ JolQm jf j:t' b]lvG5, ta;Dd p;df k/dfTdf vf]Hg] k|of; hf/L

nf]suLtf– 255
cWofo–^
/fVg'k5{ . x/]s JolQm / j:t'df lg/Gt/ k|e'sf] ¿k vf]lh/x]df PsIf0f o:tf] cfpg] 5 ha sf]xL
klg b]lvg] 5}gg\, k/dfTdf dfq b]lvGf]5g\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf ca ehgsf] s'g} h?/t kb}{g Tof] k|e'sf]
c6'6 ehg x'G5 . dg'iodf ;f]rsf cg]sf}+“ vft x'G5g\ Kofh jf aGbfsf] h:t} Pp6f kq lgsfn]kl5
k'gM csf]{ kq b]lvG5 . xfd|f ljrf/ jf b[li6sf]0fsf klg cg]sf“}+ vft 5g\ h;nfO{ Ps Ps u/]/
cg]sf}+ kq pwfb}{ hfg'k5{ . Ps Ps u/]/ kq pwfb}{ hfFbf ha leq z"Go cj:yf dfq afFsL /xG5,
ta eujt\ r}tGo jf eujfg\sf] cg'ej x'G5 . xfdLn] ¿kdf c¿knfO{ vf]Hg'k5{ . xfdLnfO{ b'v
si6 lbg], ufnL ug]{ JolQmdf klg k/dfTdf df}h'b 5 . xfdLnfO{ k|]d ug]{nfO{ k/dfTdf b]v]h:t} ;j{q
k/dfTdf df}h'b 5 eGg] 7fGg'k5{ .
k/dfTdf oyfy{df cl:tTj xf] hf] ;bf df}h'b 5 . pm ;j{q ePsfn] hxfF vf]h] klg kfOG5 .
t/ xfdLn] vf]h]gf}+ eg] sxLF kfOFb}g . k/dfTdf xfdLaf6 w]/} ;Defjgf k|s6 ePsf] x]g{ rfxG5 .
To;}n] pm tTsfn k|s6 x'Fb}g . k/dfTdf kfpg' tk:of xf] h;sf] d"No r'sfpg tof/ /xg'k5{ .
xfdLk|lt p;sf] cf:yf xfdLeGbf w]/} 5 . To;}n] t xfdLn] xhf/f}+ e"n u/] klg p;n] dfkm u5{ .
xhf/f}+ hGd lnP/ Joy{ u'dfpF5f}+ t}klg hGd lbG5 . k|e' gvf]hLsg kfOGg . vf]h ubf{ ;'?df vf]h]sf]
s'/fsf] pN6f] s'/f kfOG5 . klxn] z/L/ clg dg kfOG5 . olb o;nfO{ kf/ ug]{ ;fdYo{ 5}g eg]
aflx/af6 g} kmls{g'k5{ / cGt/sIfdf lj/fhdfg k|e';Fusf] ldngaf6 jl~rt x'g'k5{ . vf]h ug]{
;fx; / w}o{ 5 eg] dgnfO{ kf/ u/]/ p;nfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 / k|e';Fu ldng x'g ;S5 .
k|e'nfO{ ;d:t k|f0fLdf eHg'sf] cy{ hlt;'s} k|lts"n / ljk/Lt cj:yf eP klg / cfˆgf
cufl8 /fIf; g} plePsf] eP klg ToxfF k|e' df}h'b 5 eg]/ :d/0f ug{' xf] . o; cy{df h;n] k|e'sf]
ehg ub{5 p;nfO{ c¿ s'g} ehgsf] cfjZostf g} kb}{g . o;k|sf/ O{Zj/ lrGtg ug]{ dflg;n]
s'g} dlGb/df uP/ k|e' vf]Hg cfjZos 5}g . o:tf] JolQmsf nflu k"/f k[YjL g} dlGb/ x'G5 . p;sf
nflu ;a} ¿k k|ltdf x'G5 / ;a} cfsf/df lg/fsf/sf] lgjf; x'G5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . hf] ;a}
k|f0fLx¿df …dÚ jf;'b]jnfO{ b]Vb5 / eHb5 To; of]uLn] k/dl;l4 k|fKt ub{5 .
cfTdf}kDo]g ;j{q ;d+ kZolt of]˜h{'g .
;'v+ jf olb jf b'Mv+ ; of]uL k/df] dtM ..#@..
x] ch{'g Û hf] cfˆgf] cfTdf;Fu t'ngf u/]/ a|Xdf08sf ;d:t k|f0fLx¿ Pjd\ ltgLx¿sf ;'v–
b'vdf ;fb[Zo cyf{t\ ;dfgtf b]Vb5 Tof] g} dxfg\ of]uL xf] ..
;'v–b'v, cg's"n–k|lts"n ;a} l:ylt–kl/l:yltdf hf] ;d alg/xG5, Tof] ;dtfsf] af]w g}
>]i7of]u xf] / ToxL g} dxfg\ of]uL xf] . cfˆgf] ;fb[Zo ;a}df ;d b]Vg' cToGt sl7g s'/f xf] .
cfkm"h:t} c¿sf af/]df ;f]Rg' jf ug{' ;fb[Zotf xf] . c¿sf af/]df s'g} lg0f{o ubf{ ;fb[Zo efjsf
;fy ubf{ /fd|f] x'G5 t/ xfdL l7s pN6f] u5f}{+ . c¿n] g/fd|f sfd u/]df xfdL p;nfO{ g/fd|f] JolQm
eG5f“}+ t/ cfkm"n] g/fd|f] sfd ubf{ eg] To;nfO{ afWotf eG5f}+“ / ;fb[Zotf -a/fa/L_ sf] efjgf
TofU5f“}+ . csf{n] rf]/L ubf{ Tof] rf]/ xf] eG5f“}+ t/ xfdL cfkm"n] rf]/L ubf{ Tof] cfk4d{ xf] eG5f“}+ . xfdL
slxNo} ;fb[Zotf ;f]Rb}gf}+“ . xfdLn] qmf]w ubf{ Tof] c¿sf] ;'wf/sf nflu / c¿n] qmf]w u/]df p;nfO{
lx+;|s eG5f“}+ . c¿sf af/]df xfdL :jod\nfO{ ;f]r]h:tf] slxNo} ;f]Rb}gf}+“ . :jod\df h] >]i7 5
To;nfO{ xfdL cfˆgf] :jefj dfG5f}+“ t/ c¿df h] lgs[i6 5 Tof] p;sf] :jefj 7fG5f“}+ . c¿sf]
g/fd|f] jf s'enf] ;f]Rg' eGbf klxn] cfˆgf] s'enf] jf g/fd|f]sf af/]df ;f]Rg' ;fb[Zotf xf] .
o;f] ug{ ;s]df deGbf g/fd|f] pm s;/L x'g ;S5 eGg] efj ljsl;t x'G5 . ha cfˆgf]
>]i7tfsf af/]df ;f]R5f“},+ ta c¿sf] >]i7tfsf af/]df klg ;f]rf“}+ . clg dfq yfxf x'G5 ls d]/f]

nf]suLtf– 256
 cWofo–^
>]i7tf t p;sf] >]i7tfsf t'ngfdf s]xL klg xf]Og t/ xfdL c¿sf] lgs[i6tf / cfˆgf] >]i7tfsf]
af/]df dfq ;f]R5f}+“ . t;y{ xfdLaf6 ;dtf geP/ lg/Gt/ cGofo x'G5 . s[i0fsf] ;dtf uxg 5 hf]
:jod\sf] ;fb[Zotfsf] ;dtf xf] . cfkm"nfO{ c¿ ;dfg ;Demg' g} ;fb[Zotf xf] t/ of] Hofb} hl6n
s'/f xf] . o;df cxª\sf/n] Hofb} afwf u5{ . ;dfhjfbL g]tfx¿ ;a}nfO{ ;dfg ug{ rfxG5g\ t/
cGTodf c¿ ;a} t ;dfg x'G5g\, pgLx¿ cfkm" ;a}eGbf dfly x'G5g\ . To:t} tyfslyt ;fw'x¿
cfk"mnfO{ pRr, dxfg\ / c¿nfO{ lgDg:t/sf] 7fGb5g\ . o:tf JolQmx¿ sf]xL klg c¿ cfk"m ;dfg
ePsf] b]Vg rfxFb}gg\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ha c¿sf af/]df ;f]R5f}, ta :jod\sf] ;fb[Zon] ;f]r . ha JolQm
:jod\sf] ;fb[Zon] ;f]Rg yfN5, ta pm c¿sf] lg0f{o lng 5f]8\5 lsgeg] p;n] …dÚ lg0f{o ug]{ sf]
x'F eGg] ;f]Rg yfN5 . d klg ToxL plePsf] 5' hxfF c¿ plePsf 5g\ . xfd|f tyfslyt ;fw', ;Gt
/ g]tfx¿ hf] cfkm"nfO{ eujfg\ / c¿nfO{ gf/sLo ¿kdf b]V5g\ pgLx¿nfO{ s[i0fsf] of] Znf]saf6
JoQm x'g] ljrf/af/] hfgsf/L 5}g . l7s ;Gt t Tof] xf] hf] ;a} ;d 5g\ eGg] hfGb5 lsgeg] hf]
leq 5 Tof] clnslt klg tn–dfly x'Fb}g . ;a}leq a;]sf] Pp6} 5, To;}n] pm c;dfgtfsf] ljifo
x'g ;Sb}g . a'4n] cfˆgf] k"j{hGdsf] syf eGg'ePsf] 5 . cl3Nnf] hGddf ha a'4n] 1fg k|fKt
ug{'ePsf] lyPg To; ;dodf pxfF Ps a'4k'?if -1fgL_ sf] cf>ddf bz{g ug{ hfg'eof] . pxfFn]
em's]/ a'4k'?ifsf] r/0fdf 9f]Ug'eof] . cgk]lIft ¿kdf a'4 k'?ifn] klg a'4sf] r/0f 5'g'eof] . a'4n]
1fgLnfO{ x8a8fpFb} p7fpg'eof] / eGg'eof]– tkfO+{n] of] s] ug{'ePsf] xf], dnfO{ kfk nfUg] 5 . ta
1fgL k'?ifn] xfF:b} eGg'eof]– h] ltdL leq a;]sf] 5 To;nfO{ d /fd|/L hfGb5' lsgeg] ToxL dleq
klg lj/fhdfg 5 . ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g . of] s'/f kl5 s'g} hGddf yfxf kfpg] 5f} . Toltv]/ ltdLn]
d}n] ltd|f] r/0f :kz{ u/]sf] /x:o hfGg] 5f} .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;fb[Zotf ;j{>]i7 of]usf] l:ylt xf] . of] ;dtf -;fb[Zotf_ …ltdLÚ / d
larsf] xf] . dnfO{ ltdL;Fu ;dfg ¿kdf Nofpg' dxfg\ of]u xf] lsgeg] …dÚ sf] ;f/f r]i6f g}
ltdLnfO{ s;/L tn u¿F eGg] x'G5 . To;}n] xfdL lgGbfdf Hofb} /; lnG5f}+“ . xfdL hlxn] klg
csf{sf af/]df gsf/fTds s'/f ;f]R5f}+“ . c¿sf] /fd|f] s'/f ;'g]/ xfdLnfO{ a]r}gL dfq x'G5 / csf{nfO{
g/fd|f] b]Vg xfdL cg]sf}F ts{ lbG5f“}+ . s;}n] xfdLnfO{ csf{sf af/]df g/fd|f] s'/f ;'gfPdf xfdL
tTsfn dnfO{ t klxn]b]lv g} yfxf lyof] eG5f“}+ . c¿sf] lgGbf ubf{ xfdL k|df0f dfUb}gf“}+ / ha s;}n]
k|z+;f u5{, ta k|df0f dfU5f“}+ . lgGbf ubf{ dg v';L x'G5 lsgeg] cfk"m dfly xf]OG5 . k|z+;f ug{df
Hofb} kL8f x'G5 lsgeg] cfk"m tn xf]OG5 . ;a};Fu ;fb[Zo jf ;dfg ;lDemg' dxfof]u xf] . g/fd|f]–
/fd|f], kfk–k'0o Pjd\ csf]{ / …dÚ df s'g} cGt/ gb]Vg' g} ;fb[Zotf xf] . o:tf] k|tLlt ePdf xfdLleq
qmflGt 36\g] 5 .
csf{sf af/]df ;f]Rg'cl3 ToxL s'/f cfˆgf af/]df ;f]Rg'k5{ / cfˆgf] dgsf] wf]sfdf gk/L
;xL cfTd–cfnf]rgf ug{'k5{ . o; ;"qnfO{ dxfjL/n] clx+;f eGg'ePsf] 5 . of] :jod\sf] ;fb[Zo
;a}n] dfGg'nfO{ pxfFn] clx+;f eGg'ePsf] xf] . pxfF eGg'x'G5– h:tf] xfdLnfO{ nfU5 To:t} ;a}nfO{
nfU5 . To;}n] ltdL h:tf] Jojxf/ cfkm";Fu u5f}{ To:t} Jojxf/ c¿;Fu u/ . lh;;sf ;f/f
egfOx¿sf ;f/ lgsflnof] eg] Pp6} k/d jfSo 5 . ltdL c¿;Fu Tof] gu/ hf] ltdL cfˆgf;fy
gxf];\ egL 7fG5f“} . of] dxfjfSo xf] . a'4 eGg'x'GYof]– h;nfO{ ;fb[Zo of]usf] ;fwgf ug{' 5, p;n]
klxn] tLg dlxgf :d;fg3f6df uP/ jf; a:g'k5{ . ha s'g} d'bf{ NofOG5, ta Ps lbg d klg
oxL NofOg] 5' eGg] ;f]Rg'k5{ . ha nf; hnfOG5, ta dnfO{ klg o;/L g} hnfpg] 5g\ eGg]

nf]suLtf– 257
cWofo–^
7Dofpg'k5{ . pxfF eGg'x'G5– d[To'af6 ;fb[Zo ;'? u/≤ afFsL lhGbuLdf of] ;xof]uL x'G5 . d[To'
jf:tjdf ;xL sDo'lg:6 Joj:yf xf] h;n] ;a}nfO{ ;dfg ul/lbP/ s]jn v/fgL dfq afFsL /fV5 .
of] ;fb[Zon] of]usf] pRrtd l:yltdf k'¥ofpF5 .
af6fdf zjofqf b]lvof] eg] hfGg' ls cfk"m g} d/]+, ta ;xL ;fb[Zo kmlnt x'G5 . ;fb[Zosf]
af]w x'Fbf;fy s¿0ff k}bf x'G5 . jf;gfo'Qm tyf s?0ffjfg\ b'O{ k|sf/sf JolQmx¿ x'G5g\ . jf;gfn]
cfj]u / s?0ffn] ;+j]bgf k}bf u5{ . ha;Dd s'g} JolQm cfkm"nfO{ c¿eGbf leGg 7fGb5 ta;Dd
jf;gfdf afFR5 / ha cfk"m klg c¿ ;dfg x'F eg]/ hfGb5, ta s?0ffdf k|j]z u5{ . cxª\sf/nfO{
s]G› agfpg] JolQm jf;gfdf / ;fb[ZonfO{ s]G› agfpg] JolQm s?0ffdf afFRb5 . ;fb[Zon] c¿
hlt g} sdhf]/ cfk"m klg 5' eGg] efjsf] k'li6 u5{ . ;fb[Zo g} cxª\sf/sf] d[To' / s?0ffsf] hGd
xf] .
ch{'g pjfr
of]˜o+ of]u:Tjof k|f]QmM ;fDo]g dw';"bg .
Pt:ofx+ g kZofld r~rnTjflT:ylt+ l:y/fd\ ..##..
ch{'gn] eg]– x] dw';"bg Û xh'/n] j0f{g ug{'ePsf] ;defjsf] of]u–ljlw d]/f] r~rn Pjd\
cl:y/ dg ePsf sf/0f o;sf] l:y/tf jf l:ylt …dÚ b]lVbgF ..
r~rn+ lx dgM s[i0f k|dfly anjb\b[9d\ .
t:ofx+ lgu|x+ dGo] jfof]l/j ;'b'is/d\ ..#$..
x] s[i0f Û of] dg cToGt r~rn, pR5[În, anjfg\, b'/fu|xL -x7L_ 5 . o;nfO{ lgoGq0fdf
/fVg' jfo'nfO{ jzdf /fVg'eGbf klg cToGt sl7g 5 ..
of]usf cfwf/lznfx¿sf ;DaGwdf >Ls[i0fn] atfpg' ePkl5 ch{'gn] ToxL ;f]w] h'g xfdL
;a} ;f]Wg rfxG5f}+“ . ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ laGtL ub{5g\– xh'/sf] s'/f l7s g} xf]nf . k/dfgGb klg k|fKt
x'G5 xf]nf . Tof] cfofddf ofqf u¿F h:tf] klg nfU5 t/ dg Hofb} r~rn 5 . dg l:y/ /fVg] s'/f
a'‰g sl7g eO/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] r~rnkg b]v]/ If0fe/ klg dg l:y/ x'g ;S5 eGg] e/f];f klg
x'Fb}g . of] dg r~rn dfq xf]Og Hofb} zlQmzfnL, x7L :jefjsf] 5 . x] dw';"bg Û jfo'nfO{ jzdf
/fVg sl7g ePh:t} dg l:y/ jf jzdf /fVg sl7g 5 . jfo' / dg PsIf0f l:y/ x'Fb}g . jfo'
cb[Zo ePsf]n] s]jn o;sf] sDkgsf] cg'ej dfq x'G5 . jfo' olb l:y/ x'g] xf] eg] o;sf] s'g}
cg'ej x'Fb}g . jfo' bf}8]/ :kz{ ubf{ dfq o;sf] :kz{sf] cg'ej x'G5 . dgsf] cg'ej x'Fb}g t/ o;sf]
kl/jt{gsf] dfq cg'ej x'G5 . dgsf] r~rntf dfq k|tLltdf cfpF5 . h:tf] jfo'sf] k|tLlt :kz{sf]
cg'ejdf cfpF5 To:t} dgsf] k|tLltdf r~rntf cfpF5 . o:tf] cb[Zo hf] jzeGbf aflx/ / ;bf
bf}l8g] dg 5 o:tf] dgsf af/]df ch{'gn] xfdL ;a}sf] ;+zo >Ls[i0f;Fu p7fPsf 5g\ . pgL
s[i0f;Fu eG5g\– xh'/ ;bfsf nflu dg l:y/ ug{ eGg'x'G5 t/ of] t ;Dej g} nfUb}g . dg t
PsIf0f klg l:y/ ug{ ;Dej 5}g . dgsf] l:y/ x'g] :jefj g} b]lVbgF . dg t r~rn g} x'G5
lsgeg] r~rntf g} dg xf] . ch'{g eG5g\– xh'/sf] s'/fdf cfsif{0f klg 5 t/ dgsf] r~rntfnfO{
b]v]/ dg l:y/ ug{ c;Dej h:tf] nfU5 . of] ch{'gsf] dfq xf]Og ;du| dfgj hfltsf] dgsf]
cj:yf xf] .
xfdLn] slxNo} dg l:y/ ePsf] ghfGgfn] xfdLnfO{ dg l:y/ ug{' c;Dej nfU5 t/ of] xfd|f]
wf/0ff gsf/fTds xf] . s]jn r~rntfsf] cg'ejsf cfwf/df l:y/tf x'g ;Sb}g eGg] ;f]r
gsf/fTds ;f]r xf] . hf] xfd|f] cg'ej 5}g To;sf af/]df c;Dej eGg' plrt x'Fb}g . b[li6ljxLgnfO{

nf]suLtf– 258
 cWofo–^
k|sfzsf] ;DefJotf / >j0fzlQmljxLgnfO{ jf0fL ;'Gg] ;DefJotf ;f]Wbf b'j}sf] pQ/ c;Dej g}
cfpF5 . pgLx¿sf s'/fnfO{ unt eGg ;lsFb}g lsgeg] pgLx¿ cfˆgf] cg'ej eGb} 5g\ . To:t}
ha xfdL dgsf ;DaGwdf eG5f“},+ Tof] klg xfdL cfˆgf] cg'ejaf6 eG5f“}+ lsgeg] Tof] klg
b[li6ljxLgsf] cg'ej h:t} xf] . xfdLn] dgsf] cg'ejsf] l;jfo s]xL hfg]sf g} 5}gf“}+ . ch{'gn] dg
r~rn 5 eGg' t plrt g} 5 t/ o;nfO{ jzdf ug{' / l:y/ ug{' csNkgLo / c;Dej 5 eGg]
s'/f pko'Qm dfGg ;lsGg lsgeg] c;Dej eGg] wf/0ff al;;s]kl5 ;Dej agfpg k|of; ug]{
wf/0ff g} ;dfKt x'g ;S5 . olb c;Dej dfGof}+ eg] k|oTg ul/Fb}g / k|oTg ul/Pg eg] ;Dej klg
x'Fb}g . xfd|f] dfGotf cem b[9 x'G5 / olb c;DejnfO{ klg ;Dej dfg]/ k|of; ug]{ xf] eg] c;Dej
klg ;Dej x'g ;S5 . w]/} c;Dejx¿ ;Dej ePsf 5g\ . xfdL ctLtaf6 lgisif{ lnG5f“}+ t/ ctLt
eljiosf] lgwf{/s x'g ;Sb}g .
ch{'g eG5g\– PsIf0fsf nflu klg dg /f]lsG5 eGg] sNkgf ug{ ;lsGg . To;}n] of] ;Dej
nfUb}g t/ ch{'g o;nfO{ c1fgtfjz elg/x]sf 5g\ . h] xfdL hfGb}gf“}+ To;sf af/]df lgisif{k"0f{
egfO pko'Qm x'Fb}g . s'g} JolQmn] d]/f] cfo' *) jif{sf] eof] t/ cfh;Dd O{Zj/sf] bz{g kfOgF≤
To;}n] O{Zj/sf] bz{g c;Dej 5 eGg' pko'Qm x'Fb}g . O{Zj/ 5 ls 5}g dnfO{ yfxf 5}g t/ d}n]
clxn];Dd p;sf] bz{g kfPsf] 5}g“ eGg' pko'Qm x'G5 . d}n] b]v]sf] 5}g“, To;}n] O{Zj/ 5}g eGg]
h:tf] ts{ cfˆg} ;LdfeGbf aflx/sf] x'G5 . ch{'gsf] egfO jf:tljs eP klg of] q'l6k"0f{ 5 . csf]{
s'/f ch{'g eG5g\– dg jfo' h:t} 5 . o;df s] s'/f a'‰g' h?/L 5 eg] jfo' kbfy{ xf] t/ dg kbfy{
xf]Og . jfo'nfO{ klqmg jf lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 / lj1fgn] jfo' ;dft]/ 7G8f agfO{ kfgL agfpg
;kmn eO;s]sf] 5 . cem 7G8f u/]df 7f]; j/km aGg ;S5 . lj1fg eG5– k|To]s kbfy{sf tLg
cj:yf x'G5g\≤ a/km, kfgL / afkm . k|To]s kbfy{ Ps cj:yfaf6 bf];|f] cj:yfdf k|j]z ug{ ;S5 .
jfo' klg Ps ljz]if cj:yfdf hn h:t} x'g ;S5 / csf]{ ljz]if kl/l:yltdf 9'Ëf h:t} hDg ;S5 .
cfh jfo'sf] pbfx/0f pko'Qm x'Fb}g lsgeg] cfh jfo'nfO{ d'flLdf ;dfTg ;lsG5 . To;}n] ch{'gn]
kbfy{sf] t'ngf dg;Fu ubf{ q'l6 ePsf] kfOG5 .
dg t s]jn ljrf/ xf] . xfd|f] z/L/ kbfy{ Pjd\ k~re"tsf] ;d"x xf] . cfTdf kbfy{ geO{
r}tGo xf] . dg r]tgf / kbfy{ oL b'O{sf] ldngaf6 pTkGg ePsf] ;xpTkfbg xf] . j:t'tM cfTdf /
z/L/sf] cl:tTj 5 t/ dgsf] cl:tTj x'Fb}g . dg kbfy{ Pjd\ cfTdf klg xf]Og lsgeg] b'O{
kbfy{sf lar of] 3l6t x'g ;Sb}g≤ To;}n] of] kbfy{ klg xf]Og . z/L/nfO{ dfWod gagfO{ b'O{
cfTdfaf6 klg of] 3l6t x'g ;Sb}g To;}n] of] cfTdf klg xf]Og t/ z/L/ / cfTdf df}h'b ePdf d}qL
sfod x'g ;S5 . To;}n] dg kbfy{ xf]Og ;DaGw xf] . ;DaGwnfO{ kbfy{;Fu t'ngf ubf{ q'l6 x'g
;S5 . kbfy{nfO{ slxNo} tf]8\g ;lsGg . Pp6f 9'ËfnfO{ ;o 6'qmf ubf{ klg kbfy{ tf]l8Fb}g, dfq 9'Ëf
tf]l8G5 . 9'Ëf kmf]8]/ z"Godf ljnLg ug{ ;lsGg t/ ;DaGw gi6 ug{ ;lsG5 .
jfo' kbfy{ xf] / dg ;DaGw xf] . dg z/L/ / cfTdflarsf] ;]t' xf] . cfTdfn] z/L/;Fu
;DaGw :yflkt ug{ dgsf] ;[hgf u5{ . olb d d]/f] sf/nfO{ k|]d u5{' eg] klg sf/n] dnfO{ k|]d ug{
;Sb}g . To;}n] ;DaGw z/L/af6 cfTdflt/ x'g ;Sb}g . of] ;DaGw r]tgfsf] tkm{af6sf] ;DaGw xf] /
of] PstkmL{ ;DaGw xf] h'g Pstkm{af6 6'6\g klg ;S5 . ;DaGw /fVg] jf g/fVg] of] r]tgfsf] lg0f{o
xf] / r]tgfn] rfx]df of] ;DaGw tf]8\g klg ;S5 . ch{'g ha dgnfO{ jfo';Fu t'ngf u5{g\, ta s]xL
e"n x'G5 . pkdf lbFbf k|foM e'n g} x'G5 lsgeg] lj1fg dgnfO{ dfGg /fhL 5}g . j}1flgs
k|of]uzfnfdf dgnfO{ ;dft]/ /fVg ;lsGg . z/L/ sf6\bf df;', x8\8L, af];f], kfgL, kmnfd, tfdf

nf]suLtf– 259
cWofo–^
cflb tŒj ;a} kfOG5 t/ dg kfOFb}g . j}1flgsx¿n] vf]h u/]/ kfPsf] z/L/ dfq xf] . pgLx¿n]
dgnfO{ e]6fPsf 5}gg\ / pgLx¿sf vf]hdf k|]d klg 5}g . t/ lj1fgn] ge]6]sf] k|]d xfd|f] cg'ejdf
5 . xfdL ;a}sf] cg'ejdf k|]d 5 t/ Tof] lj1fgsf] k|of]uzfnfn] l;4 ug{ ;Sb}g . ;DaGw j:t'
gePsf]n] of] aGg klg ;S5 / ljgfz klg x'g ;S5 . ;DaGw z"Goaf6 l;lh{G5 / z"Godf g} ljnLg
x'G5 . j:t'sf] l;h{gf / ljgfz x'Fb}g, ¿kfGt/0f dfq x'G5 . hf] clxn] z/L/ 5 Tof] ef]ln v/fgL
aGg ;S5 / hf] cfh v/fgL 5 Tof] z/L/ aG5 . oL ;a} ¿kfGt/0f x'g ;S5g\ t/ d"n kbfy{ slxNo}
ljgfz x'Fb}g . kbfy{ hlt 5 Tolt g} /xG5 t/ ;DaGw b}lgs gofF aGg / 36\g klg ;S5 . To;}n]
dgsf] t'ngf jfo';Fu ug{' o'lQm;Ët x'Fb}g .
dgnfO{ l:y/ ug{ ;lsGg eGg] ch{'gsf] egfOdf klg ;Totf 5}g . h'g j:t' r~rn x'G5
Tof] l:y/ klg x'G5 . of] uxg ljifo xf] . h'g lrh l:y/ 5}gg\ tL r~rn klg x'Fb}gg\ . bf}l8g] JolQm
pleg ;S5 t/ hf] pleg ;Sb}g Tof] bf}l8g klg ;Sb}g . xfdL hGd hGdfGt/b]lv dgnfO{ r~rn
agfO/x]sf 5f}+“ . To;}n] o;nfO{ l:y/ agfpg sl7g 5 . ;fy} dgn] g} l:y/ ug{ sl7g x'g] s'/f
elg/x]sf] 5 . ch{'g h'g k|Zg ;f]lw/x]sf 5g\ Tof] pgsf] dgn] ;f]lw/x]sf] k|Zg xf] . pgsf] dgn] s]
elg/x]sf] 5 eg] dg l:y/ ug{ sl7g / c;Dej 5 . dg eGb} 5 d ;bf r~rn 5' / bf}l8/x]sf] 5'
lsgeg] r~rntf d]/f] :jefj xf] . To;}n] d l:y/ / zfGt x'g ;lSbgF . o; ;+;f/df k|To]s zlQm
cfˆgf] ljk/Lt zlQm;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . hf] hlGdG5 Tof] d5{ . afFRg';Fu dg{' klg hf]l8Psf] x'G5 .
cl:tTj w|'jLo x'gfn] hf]l8Psf] 5 . ;+;f/af6 k|sfz ;dfKt ePdf cGwsf/ klg tTsfn ;dfKt
x'G5 . k|sfz / cGwsf/ ;+o'Qm cl:tTj x'g\ . ;+;f/af6 udL{ ;dfKt ePdf hf8f] klg ;dfKt x'G5 .
lr;f] udL{sf] g} Ps ¿k xf], hf] udL{;Fu g} ;dfKt x'G5 . ;a} k'?if ;dfKt eP eg] gf/Lx¿ klg
:jtM ;dfKt x'G5g\ lsgeg] k'?if / :qL ;+o'Qm cl:tTj x'g\ hf] Ps;fy x'g ;S5g\ . ;+;f/af6
zq'tf ;dfKt ePdf ldqtf klg tTsfn ;dfKt x'G5 . of] cl:tTjsf] lgod xf] . olb o'4 ;dfKt
ePdf zflGt klg ;dfKt x'G5 . cl:tTj ljk/Lt;Fu afFlwPsf] x'G5 / of] w|'jLo 5 .
To;}n] dg r~rn 5 / of] l:y/ x'g ;Sb}g eGg] ch{'gsf] egfO unt 5 . dg r~rn 5
To;}n] of] l:y/ x'g ;S5 . olb ch{'gnfO{ dgsf] :jefj r~rn 5 t/ cEof; ul/of] eg] of] /f]lsg
klg ;S5 eGg] af]w eOlbPsf] eP pgsf] egfO l7s x'GYof] . ch{'gn] o:tf] k|Zg u/]sf eP xfdLnfO{
dgsf af/]df a'‰g sl7g x'GYof] . ch{'gdf klg xfdL h:t} af]w 5}g / h'g ts{ jf ljlwaf6 xfdL
rN5f“}+ ToxL ljlwaf6 pgL klg rln/x]sf 5g\ . s'g} JolQm;Fu k|]d x'g' emu8fsf] gftf :yflkt ug{'
xf] t/ xfd|f] ts{n] of] dfGb}g . k|s[ltsf] lgodfg';f/ h;;Fu hlt k|]d 5 To;;Fu Tolt g} snxsf]
;Defjgf x'G5 . snxaf6 aRg' 5 eg] k|]daf6 aRg'k5{ . zq'tfaf6 aRg rfxg]n] ldqtfaf6 klg
aRg'k5{ . hf] hlt cfˆgf] x'G5 p;af6 Tolt g} k/fO{kg k|fKt x'G5 . of] hLjgsf] uxg lgod xf] hf]
;fwf/0ftof xfdLnfO{ hfgsf/L x'Fb}g≤ To;}n] xfdL lhGbuLe/ uNtL ul//xG5f}+“ . xfdL hlt hLjgsf
leqL txdf hfG5f}+ Tolt g} lj/f]wL tŒj kfpF5f}+“ . /fu–lj/fu / cfsif{0f–ljsif{0f Ps;fy x'G5g\ .
>Ls[i0f ;}4flGts xf]Og ;To af]Nb} x'g'x'G5 eGg] s'/f ch{'gn] a'‰g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . olb s[i0fn]
l;4fGtsf] s'/f ug{' ePsf] eP ch{'gn] ts{sf s'/f u/]/ s[i0fnfO{ g} x/fpg] lyP lsgeg] ;a}
l;4fGt dgsf ;Gtlt x'g\ . dgn] g} l;4fGt hGdfpF5 / rnfpF5 . s[i0fn] ;Tosf] s'/f ug{'ePsf] xf] .
ch{'gn] p7fPsf ljifox¿ dflg;sf dgsf sl7gfOx¿ x'g\ / s[i0fnfO{ l;4fGtsf] s'g} rf;f] 5}g .
uLtfdf >Ls[i0fn] l;4fGtsf af/]df w]/} pNn]v ug{'ePsf] 5 . ;+;f/df hlt l;4fGt 5g\
sl/a sl/a ;a}sf af/]df uLtfdf s[i0fn] ;Í]t ug{'ePsf] 5 . To;}n] t ;a} l;4fGtjfbL

nf]suLtf– 260
 cWofo–^
kl08tx¿nfO{ uLtf Hofb} pkof]uL ePsf] 5 lsgeg] ;a}n] cf–cfˆgf] l;4fGtsf s'/f uLtfaf6
lgsfNg ;S5g\ . o;} sf/0fn] xf]nf Û uLtfdf olt w]/} 6Lsfx¿ n]lvPsf 5g\ h'g Ps csf{sf
lj/f]wL 5g\ . clwsf+z 6Lsfx¿df s]jn cfˆgf] efiffdf ;+:s[tsf] cg'jfb dfq ul/Psf] 5 / tL
6Lsfx¿df s[i0fnfO{ a'‰g] ;fdYo{ cToGt cNk 5 . s]xL 6Lsfsf/x¿n] cfˆgf] l;4fGtnfO{ uLtfdf
yf]kg]{ k|of; klg u/]sf 5g\ . >Ls[i0fsf] uLtf l;4fGt xf]Og ;Tosf] pb\3f]if0f xf] t/ pxfF Tof]
;To;Dd k'Ugsf nflu s'g} klg l;4fGt cjnDag eg] ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . To;}n] t pxfF elQm, 1fg,
Wofg, sd{ cflbsf] ;f/f s'/f ug{'x'G5 . oL ;a} l;4fGt, l;4fGt h:t} lj/f]wL 5g\ / ;To h:t}
clj/f]wL 5g\ . ;Todf s'g} lj/f]w x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] uLtfdf ePsf] cgfrf/ k[YjLdf cGo s'g}
k':ts;Fu ePsf] 5}g lsgeg] Ps l;4fGtnfO{ dfGg]jfnf ha cfˆgf] l;4fGtsf] JofVof u5{, ta pm
;a} l;4fGtsf] ub{g l5gfn]/ uLtfdf yf]kl/lbG5 / cfˆgf] l;4fGtnfO{ dfq arfpF5 .
uLtf l;4fGtjfbL zf:q xf]Og, uLtf ;Tosf] p¢f]if0ff xf] . of] hLjgsf] zf:q xf] . hLjg
hlt lj/f]wL 5 uLtf klg To:t} 5 . hlt lgod w|'jLo 5 Tolt g} uLtfsf jrg klg :jlj/f]wL 5g\ .
ch{'g k|Zg u/]/ cfˆgf] cj:yf atfO/x]sf 5g\ / o; k|Zgn] pgsf] l:yltnfO{ :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 .
ch{'gnfO{ dgeGbf dfly s'g} klg s'/fsf] cg'ej 5}g . ts{ / a'l4 pgL;Fu uxg 5 . efjsf]
;+;f/df pgsf] s'g} k|j]z 5}g . pgL lgodsf] s'/f t u5{g\ t/ csf6\o jf w|'j;To lgodaf/]
pgnfO{ s'g} af]w 5}g .
>Leujfg'jfr
c;+zo+ dxfafxf] dgf] b'lg{u|x+ rnd\ .
cEof;]g t' sf}Gt]o j}/fUo]0f r u[Xot] ..#%..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– x] dxfafx' Û of] dg cToGt r~rn 5 / o;nfO{ jzdf /fVg jf bdg ug{
lgM;Gb]x sl7g 5 . t/ klg x] sf}Gt]o Û o;nfO{ cEof; / j}/fUoåf/f jzdf Nofpg ;lsG5 ..
>Ls[i0fn] ch{'gsf] dgf]bzfnfO{ a'em]/ eGg'eof]– dg Hofb} d'l:snn] jzdf x'G5 . pxfFn] of]
dflg;sf] dgnfO{ b[li6ut u/]/ eGg'ePsf] xf] . xfdL h:tf 5f}+“, To;nfO{ b[li6ut ug]{ xf] eg] t dg
jzdf x'g klg ;Sb}g xf]nf Û t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û cEof; / j}/fUon] dg jzdf x'G5 .
hxfF h:tf] cj:yfdf dflg; 5, To;nfO{ To:t} /xg lbof] eg] dg jzdf x'g ;Sb}g . xfdL t dg
g} xf}+ To;}n] xfdLnfO{ dgsf] kf/ s]xLF klg 5}g h:tf] nfU5 / dgsf] kf/ ePsf] xfd|f] s'g} cg'ej
klg 5}g . dgnfO{ jzdf ug]{ s'g} pkfo klg xfd|f] xftdf 5}g t/ cEof; / j}/fUoaf6 dg jzdf
x'G5 . cEof; / j}/fUo uLtfsf k|f0f x'g\ . cEof; / j}/fUoaf6 dflg; h:tf] 5 Tof]eGbf leGg x'g
;S5 . Pp6f aRrfnfO{ hlGdg] lalQs} hËndf 5fl8lbg] xf] eg] p;n] dfgj efiff af]Nb}g . dg'io
ToxL x'G5 h'g cfofddf p;nfO{ cEof; u/fOG5 . hËndf /Xof] eg] pm hËnL x'G5 . h'g
kl/l:yltdf afFR5 tbg';f/ g} x'G5 . dg'io cgGt ;Defjgfsf] e08f/ xf] . To;}n] xfdL h] eof}+ Tof]
s]jn xfd|f] Ps ;Defjgf dfq xf] . ;+;f/df cflbjf;Lx¿sf] o:tf] sljnf 5 hxfF JolQmx¿ qmf]w
ug{ hfGb}gg\ lsgeg] qmf]w klg cEof;n] dfq cfpF5 . 3/df cfdfafa' ;a} qmf]w ul//x]sf 5g\ eg]
aRrfn] ToxL l;S5 .
cEof;sf] d"n cy{ xfdL h:tf 5f}+“, Tof]eGbf cGo x'g ;S5f}+“ eGg] xf] . cEof;sf] cy{ o:tf]
ljlw xf] h;n] cGoyf ug{ d2t u5{ . ch{'g eG5g\ dg Hofb} r~rn 5 / >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5
cEof;n] g} dg r~rn x'gaf6 /f]Sg ;lsG5 . ;a} afXo / cfGtl/s l:yltdf kl/jt{g cfpg' /
xfdLleq hd]/ a;]sf] ;+:sf/nfO{ tf]8]/ gofF lbzf lbg' cEof; xf] . cEof;sf] cy{ h:tf] 5 Tof]eGbf

nf]suLtf– 261
cWofo–^
cGoyf ug]{ ljlw xf] . xfdL h:tf 5f“},+ Tof] klg s'g} ljlwsf sf/0fn] 5f}“,+ cfˆgf sf/0fn] xf]Og .
g]kfnL efiffsf] cEof; u/fPsfn] xfdL g]kfnL af]N5f“}+ . xfdL h] 5f}+“, Tof] cEof;sf] kmn xf] . clxn]
h] 5f}F Tof] ;dfhn] u/fPsf] cEof;sf] sf/0fn] ePsf] xf] . ;dfh la/fdLx¿sf] ;d"x xf] / le8
dflg;sf] Go"gtd cj:yf xf] . cEof;sf] cy{ Tof] lbzfdf JolQmut r]i6f xf] hxfF xfdL gofF / leGg
x'g ;S5f}+“ . of] dgsf] wf/f r~rn 5 lsgeg] ;f/f Joj:yfn] o;nfO{ r~rn u/fO/x]sf] 5 . xfdL
klg s]6fs]6Lb]lv ;a} ldn]/ dgnfO{ bf}8fO/x]sf 5f}+“ . afa'n] k|yd xf]pm eg]/ bf}8fpF5, cfdf
l5d]sLsf] aRrf;Fu t'ngf u/]/ bf}8fpFl5g\ . kTgLn] wg;DklQ / ;d[l4sf nflu bf}8fpFl5g\ .
;Gtfgsf] ck]Iffsf nflu csf]{ bf}8 ;''? x'G5 . To;}n] w]/} bf}8]/ ;ª\3if{df dgn] /f]lsg] :yfg g}
kfpFb}g / bf}l8 g} /xG5 . ch{'gn] p7fPsf] k|Zg xfdL ;a}sf] dgsf] cj:yf xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] dgsf] 9Ë s]jn Pp6f ;+:sfl/t Joj:yf xf] . cEof;n] o;nfO{ tf]8]/
gofF Joj:yf lbg ;lsG5 . j}/fUo ePg eg] dflg;x¿ o;sf ljlwx¿sf] pkof]u g} ub}{gg\ . To;}n]
s[i0fn] j}/fUo eGg'ePsf] xf] lsgeg] /fu bf}8fpg] Joj:yf xf] / /fusf sf/0fn] g} JolQm bf}l8G5 .
/fu s]xL kfpg] ljrf/ / s'g} nIosf] ck]Iff xf] . To;}n] /fu r~rn x'g] cfwf/ xf] / j}/fUo
lj>fdsf] cfwf/ xf] . xfd|f] k"/f ;dfh /fun] el/Psf] 5 . r~rntf l;Sg] snfsf] cfwf/ /fu xf]
To:t} l:y/tf l;Sg] snfsf] cfwf/ j}/fUo xf] . j}/fUo geP;Dd sf]xL sxLF /f]lsg ;Sb}g . ha;Dd
sxLF k'Ug] /fu x'G5, ta;Dd dg l:y/ x'g ;Sb}g . o;df dgsf] s'g} bf]if 5}g . dg t s]jn
cf1fkfng dfq ub{5 . >Ls[i0f cEof;kl5 j}/fUo eGg'x'G5 . j}/fUosf] efjgf ePdf o:tf ljlwx¿
5g\, h;af6 JolQm dgnfO{ lj>fddf k'¥ofpg ;S5 . /fu ;+;f/ ofqfsf] dfu{ xf] eg] j}/fUo
;+;f/lt/ 9f8 kmsf{pFb} :jod\sf] 3/ lkmtL{sf] dfu{ xf] . h;nfO{ j}/fUo kmlnt ePsf] 5}g, pm
cEof;df hfFb}g . j}/fUosf] af]w ePkl5 xfdL dfu{, k4ltsf] vf]h u5f}{+ tfls xfdL :jod\sf 3/
kmls{P/ Tof] cfgGbnfO{ hfGg ;sf“} .
;+;f/k|ltsf] ljt[i0ff g} j}/fUo xf] . hxfF–hxfF cfsif{0f x'G5 ToxfF–ToxfF ljsif{0f klg x'G5 .
xfdL ;a}nfO{ ljsif{0f x'G5 / k|To]s lbg xfdL j}/fUo k|fKt u5f}{+ t/ j}/fUosf] af]w ePkl5 xfdL
cEof;lt/ hfFb}gf“}+ . To;a]nf k'/fgf] /fu t ;dfKt x'G5 t/ xfdL gofF /fusf] vf]hLdf lgl:sG5f}+“ .
k|To]s /fusf] k5fl8 kZrfQfk uxg ¿kdf pTkGg x'G5 t/ xfdL lj/fult/ guP/ gofF /fusf]
vf]hdf ofqf ;''? u5f}{+ . Pp6f ;'vsf] vf]hL Joy{ x'G5 lsgeg] tTsfn dgn] gofF ;'vsf] vf]h u/]/
lg/Gt/sf] ofqf hf/L /fV5 . of] ;'v t Joy{ eof] t/ ;a} ;'v Joy{ x'G5 eGg] h?/L 5}g egL dgn]
cfZjf;g lbG5 . cgGt sfn;Dd klg o:t} x'G5, ;'v kfOFb}g t/ ;'vsf] vf]h eg] hf/L /xG5 .
o:tf] ePdf j}/fUo slxNo} klg hlGdFb}g . Pp6f /fusf] cGTokl5 k'gM csf]{ /fusf] sfdgf ug]{ xf]
eg] /fusf] wf/f hf/L /xG5 . Pp6f 6'6\5 / csf]{ lgld{t x'G5 . bf];|f] 6'6\5 / t];|f] lgld{t x'G5 .
o:tf] cgGt;Dd rNg ;S5 . hf] Pp6f /fuaf6 5'6]kl5 ;d:t /fux¿sf] Joy{tf hfGb5, Pp6f
;'v 5'6\bf ;d:t ;'v 5'6]sf] b]Vg ;dy{ x'G5 / h;n] ;'vnfO{ klg ljiffb eg]/ hfGb5 p;nfO{
j}/fUo k|fKt x'G5 . h;n] dgsf] /x:o ;'vsf] wf]vf xf] eGg] hfGb5 p;n] h;nfO{ ;'v dfg]sf] lyof]
Tof] t b'v /x]5 eGg] klg hfGb5 . of] ulx/f] ;To hfGg ;Sg] JolQm /fuaf6 d'Qm eP/ j}/fUosf]
ofqfdf cl3 a9\5 .
j}/fUosf] cy{ s'g} s'/fn] klg cfslif{t gug{' xf] . rfx]sf] s'/f gkfpFbf klg hLjg Joy{ 5
eGg] ;f]r gx'g' j}/fUo xf] . j}/fUosf] cy{ j:t'x¿;Fusf] d'lQm / :jod\sf] tkm{sf] ofqf xf] . lrQn]
ls t cfkm"af6 kbfy{lt/ of kbfy{af6 cfkm"lt/ ofqf ug{ ;S5 . cfkm"af6 kbfy{lt/ hfg] wf/fsf]

nf]suLtf– 262
 cWofo–^
gfd /fu xf] / kbfy{af6 cfkm"lt/ kmls{g] wf/fsf] gfd j}/fUo xf] . j}/fUosf ;;fgf cg'ejx¿ xfdL
;a}nfO{ cfpF5g\ t/ tL l:y/ x'g kfpFb}gg\ . j}/fUosf] s'g} cEof; gePsfn] tL l:y/ x'Fb}gg\ .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f j}/fUo / cEof;sf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 . o; hut\df aflx/ sxLF klg ;'v / zflGt 5}g,
o;sf] ck]Iff ug{' Joy{ xf] eGg] k|tLlt x'g;Sof] eg] j}/fUo k|fKt x'G5 . hLjgn] xfdLnfO{ /fu /
lj/fu b'j} lbG5 t/ xfdLnfO{ /fusf] cEof; ePsfn] /fu lbuf] x'G5, j}/fUosf] cEof; gePsfn] of]
lbuf] x'Fb}g .
>Ls[i0fn] cEof;kl5 j}/fUo eGg'ePsf] 5 lsgeg] j}/fUo t k|To]s lbg cfpF5 t/ cEof;
gePsf sf/0f l6Sb}g . h;/L xfdL sfdjf;gfsf] lrGtg u5f}{+ To;/L g} lgisfdsf] klg lrGtg
ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . h'g s'/fdf /; lnPsf lyof}+ ToxL s'/fdf lj/; k}bf ug{'k5{ . h'g s'/fdf /; lnOPsf]
5 To;sf] oyfy{tfnfO{ vf]Hof}+ eg] lj/;tf k}bf x'G5 . j}/fUosf] If0fnfO{ l:y/ ug{sf nflu of]
If0fsf] pkof]u ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . lhGbuLdf hlt If0f /fusf] x'G5 Tolt g} If0f j}/fUosf] klg x'G5 cyf{t\
o;sf] cg'kft a/fa/ x'G5 . h;/L xfdLn] /fusf] If0fsf] pkof]u u/]sf lyof}+ To;/L g} j}/fUosf]
If0fsf] klg pkof]u ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . xfdL lj/lQmsf] If0fnfO{ l5§} kG5fpg] jf To;af6 oyfzSo l56f]
pDsg] k|of; u5f}{+ t/ /fusf] If0fdf cf/fd;Fu /lx/xg rfxG5f}+“ . olb ctLtsf] :d/0f b'vb /Xof]
eg] eljiosf] ;kgf IfL0f x'G5 lsgeg] eljio ctLtsf] of]hgf xf] . eljiosf] of]hgf g} ctLtsf]
c;kmntfnfO{ km]l/ ;XdfNg] k|of; xf] . j}/fUosf] If0fnfO{ l6sfO/fVg h;/L ;'vsf] vf]hdf nfUbf
b'v cfOk/]sf] 5 To;sf] dfq lg/Gt/ cEof; ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . sfdjf;gfsf] cEof; rln/xFbf ljutsf]
cg'ejaf6 36]sf] kZrfQfksf] :d/0f l:y/ eof] eg] sfdjf;gfaf6 j}/fUo k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 t/
o;sf nflu Tof] kZrfQfksf] cEof; eg] rflxG5 .
hfu?stfsf] cEof; ug}{ k5{ lsgeg] hfu?stfsf] cEof; Joy{ x'g ;Sb}g . olb s;}nfO{
hfu elgG5 eg] To;sf] cy{ s]xL u/ eGg' xf] . cEof;sf] tfTko{ JolQm h:tf] 5 To;} ¿kdf
k/dfTdfdf k|j]z ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] xf] . To;}n] cfkm"nfO{ kl/jt{g u/L of]Uo agfpgsf nflu klg
cEof; cfjZos x'G5 . cEof;af6 ¿kfGtl/t eP/ k/dfTdfdf k|j]z kfpg of]Uo x'g'k5{ .
¿kfGt/0fsf xhf/f}+“ ljlwx¿ x'g ;S5g\ . ;+;f/sf ;a} wd{n] ¿kfGt/0fsf cnu–cnu ljlwx¿
atfPsf 5g\ . oL cnu–cnu ljlwx¿sf sf/0f j}dg:o k}bf ePsf] 5 lsgeg] k|To]s ljlwsf cf–
cfˆg} ;t{ 5g\ h;nfO{ p:f} u/L k"0f{ ¿kdf dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . olt w]/} af6fx¿ 5g\ eGg] xfdLnfO{
nfUof] eg] Pp6} af6fdf glxF8]/ b'O{ sbd Pp6f af6f] / b'O{ sbd csf]{ af6fdf xfdL lxF8\g] 5f}F /
hLjge/ af6f] kl/jt{g ul//xg] 5f}F . kmn:j¿k xfdL slxNo} lbJowfddf k'Ug ;Sb}gf}+“ .
To;}n] k|To]s wd{n] cfˆgf] af6f] dfq ;xL xf] eG5 lsgeg] olb ;a} af6f] l7s xf] elgof]
eg] bf]wf/df k/L JolQmx¿ emg\ e8\sG5g\ . To;}n] k|To]s wd{n] cfu|xk"j{s cfˆgf] ljlw dfq l7s
xf] eG5 / of] cfu|x xfdLdfly s?0ffsf sf/0f ul/Psf] xf] . hf] of] ljlwsf] pkof]u u/]/ lbJowfddf
k'U5 p;n] c¿ ljlwsf] pkof]uaf6 klg ToxLF k'luG5 eGg] hfGb5 . ljlwsf] pkof]u clgjfo{ 5
lsgeg] xfdLn] clxn];Dd h] u/]sf 5f}+“ To;nfO{ sf6\g h?/L 5 . hf] xfdL lgld{t u5f}{+ To;nfO{
x6fpg klg h?/L 5 . xfdLn] /fusf k|ltdfx¿ lgdf{0f u/]sf 5f“},+ ltgnfO{ sf6\g xfdLn] j}/fUosf]
t/jf/ p7fpg} k5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– /funfO{ cEof;n] tf]8\g'k5{ .

nf]suLtf– 263
cWofo–^
c;+otfTdgf of]uf] b'ik|fk Olt d] dltM .
jZofTdgf t' ottf zSof]˜jfKt'd'kfotM ..#^..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;sf] dg pR5[În 5 p;sf nflu cfTd\;fIffTsf/ cyf{t\ of]u k|fKt ug{
cToGt sl7g 5 t/ lgolGqt dg / c6'6 k|oTg ug]{n] ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;S5 eGg] d]/f] dt xf] ..
dg cfˆgf] jzdf gug]{ k'?if of]udf pknAw x'g sl7g x'G5 t/ c;Dej eg] x'Fb}g . dg
jzdf ug]{x¿sf nflu eg] of]usf] pknlAw ;/n / ;xh x'G5 . >Ls[i0f oxL ;To xf] geg]/ o:tf]
d]/f] dt 5 eGg'x'G5 . dgnfO{ jzdf gug]{ JolQmsf nflu of]usf] pknlAw c;Dej x'G5 eg]/
s[i0fn] gegL clt sl7g 5 dfq eGg'ePsf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ s'g} l:yltdf dg jzdf gu/Lsg klg
s'g} JolQmnfO{ of]usf] pknlAw ;Dej x'g ;S5 . o:tf JolQm cToGt cNk;ª\Vofdf x'G5g\ cyf{t\
s/f]8f}Fdf s'g} JolQm dgnfO{ jzdf g/fvLsg klg of]udf k|fKt x'G5g\ . >Ls[i0f klg o:t} cToGt
b'n{edWo] Ps x'g'x'G5 . s[i0fn] o:tf] geGg' ePsf] eP ch{'g h;n] pxfFnfO{ slxNo} cf;g ljlwsf]
k|of]u u/]sf], k|e':d/0f, of]u;fwgf / tk:of u/]sf] b]v]sf 5}gg\, s]jn dw'/ afF;'/Ljfbs,
uf]lkgLx¿;Fu g[To ug]{ / /f;nLnf /Rg] /rlotfsf ¿kdf dfq lrg]sf 5g\ pgsf dgdf k|Zg p7\g
;SYof] . t/ s[i0fn] c;Dejsf] 7fpF sl7g zAbsf] k|of]uåf/f ch{'gsf] dgdf of] k|Zg p7\g] df}sf g}
lbg'ePg . To:t} tGq;fwgf Pp6f o:tf] ljlw xf], h;df dgnfO{ jzdf /fVg kb}{g . tGqsf] k|of]u
ha cToGt yf]/} JolQmx¿ ub{y], To;avt of] cToGt k|efjsf/L lyof] . of] hf] c;Dej 5}g eg]/
s[i0fn] clnslt vfnL 7fpF 5f8\g'ePsf] 5, of] tGqsf nflu xf] .
tGqsf] s'/f pxfFn] atfpg' ePg lsgeg] tGqsf af/]df atfpg' vt/gfs l;4 x'g ;S5 .
xfdL ;a} cfkm"nfO{ ckjfb dfGb5f}+“ / dgnfO{ jzdf gu/L of]u kmlnt x'g] dfu{df hfg ;S5f“}+ eGg]
7fGb5f}F . To;}n] tGqsf] Jofks k}mnfj6;Fu} sl7gfO klg pTkGg eof] . tGqsf] k~rdsf/ k|l;4 5
h;n] oL kfFr …dÚsf] k|of]u u5{ pxL of]udf k|fKt x'G5 . tGqdf dlb/fsf] Tofu xf]Og ;]jg ug{'k5{ .
d}y'gsf] Tofu ug{'kb}{g / df;'sf] ef]hg ug{'k5{ . hf] o;nfO{ ef]Ug ;S5 pxL of]udf pknAw x'G5 .
of] dfu{ cToGt cNkju{sf nflu pko'Qm 5 . of] cNkju{ cToGt sl7g dfu{af6 u'lh|G5 . x]bf{
;fdfGo nfU5 /S;L lkpg kfOg], df;'–d}y'gdf s'g} k|ltaGw gePsf] t/ tGqsf] ;fwgf cToGt
sl7g 5 . tGqn] eG5 /S;L lkpg' t/ a]xf]; gx'g', oxL ;fwgf xf] . a]xf]; ePdf ;fwgf c;kmn
x'G5 . /S;L lkP/ xf]; sfod /fVg' clt sl7g ;fwgf xf] lsgeg] xfdL t /S;L glkP/ klg xf];
sfod /fVb}gf“}+ . tGqsf] cfˆgf] ljlw 5 h;df jiff}{+sf] ;fwgfkl5 dfq xf]; sfod x'G5 . tGq
;fwgfsf] k|of]usf qmddf olb /S;Ln] sfd u/]g eg] ;k{af6 cfˆgf] lha|f]df 6f]sfpg'kYof{] .
;fwgfsf] clGtd k|of;df ;k{sf] 6f]sfOaf6 eP klg xf]; sfod x'g'kYof{] . tGq Hofb} ;fx;Lsf]
dfu{ xf] hf] cToGt sl7g 5 . pgLx¿ eG5g\– olb lxnf]df sdn km'Ng ;S5 eg] xfdL /S;Ldf klg
xf]; sfod ug{ ;S5f“}+ .
tGqn] eG5– xfdL a|Xdro{sf] ;fwgf ub}{gf“}+ . xfdL d}y'g -;xjf;_ sf] k|of]u u5f}{+ / o;df
k|j]z u/]/ jLo{ :vlnt x'g lbFb}gf}+“ . of] cToGt sl7g dfu{nfO{ tGqn] k|of]u u/]sf] 5 . t/ of] dfu{
u'Kt lyof] hf] ;d"xdf ul/+b}gYof] . ha /S;L lkP/ gfnLdf n8\g] JolQmx¿n] tGqsf] k|of]u ;/n
7fg]/ ug{ yfn], ta pgLx¿sf] emg\ ktg eof] . d}y'gdf g} k/dfTdfsf] pknlAw x'G5 eg]/ ;/n /
;xh dfu{ 7fGb} ha sfd'sx¿ o; dfu{df nfu], ta pgLx¿ emg\ lgDgl:yltdf efl;P . of] tGq
;fwgfsf] h'g ju{ 5, Tof] cToGt sl7g JolQmx¿sf] ju{ xf] hxfF d}y'g eP/ :vng x'g' x'Fb}g .
jf:tjdf d}y'gdf cl3 a9\g] g} :vngsf nflu xf] . tGq o;nfO{ cltqmd0f u5{ lsgeg] s'g} JolQm

nf]suLtf– 264
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sfdqmL8fsf qmddf :vng/lxt cj:yfdf pknAw x'g ;s] Tof] eGbf 7'nf] a|Xdro{ s]xL x'g ;Sb}g .
of] cToGt b'?x / sl7g dfu{af/] >Ls[i0fn] s]jn ;ª\s]t u/]/ 5f]l8lbg'eof] . tGq eG5 dg¿kL
/ydf nufd gs;L o;nfO{ hxfF bf}l8G5 ToxLF bf}l8g b]pm . vfN8fv'N8L ePsf] v/fa af6faf6
;d]t /y u'lh|Fbf klg sDkg/lxt /ydf a:g ;s]df c;nL dflnskg ToxL xf] . o:tf] dflnskg
sfod ug{;Sg] cToGt cNk;ª\Vos JolQmx¿ dfq x'G5g\ . tGqsf] af6f]df dgnfO{ jzdf gu/Lsg
of]udf pknAw x'g ;Dej 5 .
To;}n] s[i0fn] o;nfO{ c;Dej eGg'ePg s]jn sl7g dfq eGg'eof] lsgeg] o:tf JolQm
ckjfbsf ¿kdf dfq x'G5g\ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ h'g lgodsf] s'/f atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 To;nfO{ ÅboËd
ubf{ ch{'gsf] cj:yf / l:ylt To:tf] dfu{df hfg ;Sg] b]lvFb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f of] dfu{ b'ik|fKo /
sl7g 5 eGg'x'G5 . dgnfO{ jzdf ug{ ;Sg] JolQmsf nflu of] dfu{ ;/n klg x'g ;S5 . bf];|f] s'/f
>Ls[i0fn] h;n] dgnfO{ jzdf /fVg ;S5 To;sf nflu of] dfu{ ;/n 5 eGg'ePsf] 5 . dgnfO{
sfa'df /fVg ;Sg] JolQm ;xhtfsf ;fy of]udf pknAw x'g ;S5g\ .
a'4 hËnsf] af6f] x'Fb} Pp6f ufpFdf hfg nfUg'ePsf] lyof] . cË'nLdfn gfdsf] s'Voft 8fFs'
h;n] ((( hgfsf] xTof u/L pgLx¿sf xftsf cf“}+nf sf6]/ To;sf] dfnf nufPsf] lyof] / pm Tof]
;ª\Vof Ps xhf/ k'¥ofpg] bfpdf lyof] . pm ToxL hËndf /x]sf] x'Fbf Tof] af6f] ghfg ufpFsf
dflg;x¿n] pxfFnfO{ cfu|x u/] . o:tf] rrf{ ;'g]kl5 a'4n] ToxL af6f] g} hfg] lgwf] ug{'eof] .
pxfFnfO{ b]v]kl5 cË'nLdfn xltof/df ;fFw nufpg yfNof] t/ a'4sf] zfGt / lgZrn :jefj b]v]/
bof nfu]sfn] cfˆgf] kl/ro lbFb} p;n] a'4nfO{ 6f9}af6 efUg cfu|x u¥of] . t/ a'4 emg\ cl3
a9\g'eof] . p;n] k'gM a'4nfO{ /f]lsgsf nflu cfb]z lbof] t/ a'4n] t cfkm" hfu[t ePb]lv g}
/f]lsPsf] / s]jn cfˆgf] z/L/ dfq rNg] atfpFb} pgnfO{ g} /f]lsg eGg'eof] . cË'nLdfnn] d
/f]lsPsf]nfO{ c8 eGg] t/ cfkm" lxFl8/xbf klg rn]sf] 5}g eGg] o:tf] dflg; kSsf kfun x'g;S5
egL 7fGof] . a'4n] d t /f]lsPs} 5' t/ ltd|f] dg r~rn x'gfn] ltdL bf]wf/df 5f} To;}n] ltdL
zfGt eP/ c8 eGg'eof] . cË'nLdfn xltof/ lnP/ pxfFnfO{ dfg{ tlD;of] . To;}a]nf a'4n] Pp6f
dfu k"/f u/]/ dfq cfkm"nfO{ dfg{ cfu|x ug{'eof] . a'4n] p;nfO{ ?vsf] @–$ j6f kft l6k]/ lbg
eGg'eof] . p;n] xltof/sf] k|of]u u/L xfFuf g} sf6]/ lbof] .
a'4n] cfwf dfu k"/f ul/lbPsf]df wGojfb lbFb} ca o; kftnfO{ klxnfs} ?vdf h:tfsf]
To:t} hf]8 eGg'eof] . cË'nLdfnn] a'4nfO{ eGof]– ltdL kSs} kfun /x]5f} cGoyf em/]sf] of l6k]sf]
kft klg k'gM s;/L hf]8\g ;lsG5 . a'4n] tf]8\g t ;fdfGo afnsn] klg ;S5 t/ 7'nf] dfG5] ToxL
xf] h;n] pQm kftnfO{ k'/fgf]df hf]8\g klg ;S5 . olt ug{;Sof} eg] ltdL s]xL xf} eg]/ a'em'Fnf,
cGoyf ltdL s]xL xf]Ogf} . xhf/ 3fF6L l5gfNg' ;fdfGo s'/f xf] t/ h;n] tL l5gfn]sf 6fpsf
hf]8\g ;S5 ToxL dxfg\ xf] . olt ug{ ;Sof} eg] eg] ltdLnfO{ dfGg] 5' cGoyf ltdL s]xL klg
xf]Ogf} eGg'eof] . a'4sf jf0fL ;'g]/ cË'nLdfnn] tTsfn xltof/ 5f]8]/ pxfFsf] r/0fdf lz/ /fVof] .
pxfFn] cË'nLdfnnfO{ ltdL cfhaf6 ;GGof;L eof} eGg'eof] . pxfFsf cGo leIf'x¿ O{iof{n] el/P /
xh'/n] o:tf] xTof/fnfO{ klg ;GGof;L aGg ;kmn eof} eg]/ s;/L eGg'eof] elg k|Zg u/] . a'4n]
eGg'eof]– of] cË'nLdfn Psbd yf]/} JolQmx¿dWo] Ps xf] h;n] km8\sf] dfg{ ;Sof] To;}n] pm xTof
ubf{ ub}{ klg d'Qm eof] . p;sf nflu dgnfO{ jz ug]{ s'g} ljlwsf] cfjZostf 5}g . ljlw ljgf g}
pm of]udf k|fKt eof] . cª\u'nLdfn h:t} s]xL cNk JolQmx¿ ;f]em} km8\sf] dfg]{ ;fdYo{ /fVb5g\ .

nf]suLtf– 265
cWofo–^
>Ls[i0fn] o:t} cToGt cNk JolQmx¿sf nflu b'ik|fKo eGg'ePsf] xf] . pxfF eGg'x'G5– dgnfO{
jz ug{ b'ik|fKo cyf{t\ sl7g 5 t/ qmlds cEof;åf/f o;nfO{ jz ug{ ;lsG5 . olb dgsf xhf/
3f]8fx¿ 5g\ eg] Ps Ps 3f]8fnfO{ nufd nufP/ jzdf /fVg ;lsG5 / Ps lbg ;dtfdf k|fKt
x'g ;lsG5 . ljk/Ltsf lardf ;dtfdf k'Ug sl7g x'G5 eg] cg's"nsf lar ;dtf k|fKt ug{
;lhnf] x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– dgnfO{ cg's"n agfP/ ;dtfdf k'Ug ;/n 5 / k|lts"n
kl/l:yltdf ;dtfdf k'Ug sl7g 5 t/ c;Dej eg] 5}g . >Ls[i0f g} c;Dej kl/l:yltdf pknAw
x'g'ePsf] pbfx/0f x'g'x'G5 gq pxfF o'4df ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] . o'4df ;xefuL x'g tof/ x'g'x'G5
lsgeg] pxfFsf] lrQ ToxfF klg p:t} x'g] 5 .
To;}n] t >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– o'4df lgl:kmqmL eP/ n8 / zq'nfO{ a]lkmqmL eP/
sf6 s]jn sf6\g]jfnf x'F eGg] efj dfq Tofu lsgeg] sf]xL s;}nfO{ sf6\g ;Sb}g . of] t s]jn
e|flGt dfq xf] . ;a} cfˆg} sf/0fn] d5{g\, ltdL lgldQ eGbf a9\tf xf]Ogf} . To;}n] t dfg]{ sf6\g]
lrGtf 5f]8, oxfF sf]xL db}{g z/L/ dfq d5{ . leqsf] cfTdtŒj ch/–cd/ 5 o;nfO{ z:qf:qn]
sf6\g ;lsGg, cfuf]n] hnfpg / kfgLn] 8'afpg klg ;Sb}g . o:tf] hfg]sf] x'gfn] s[i0f o;/L eGg
;Sg'x'G5– hfg]/ s/f]8f“}+ s/f]8df Ps JolQm dfq o'4df pleg ;S5 cGoyf tyfslyt
clx+;fjfbLx¿ ePsf] eP t o'4df plqg g} ;Sg] lyPgg\ . s[i0f ;/n ljlwaf6 hfGg pko'Qm x'g]
atfpg'x'G5 lsgeg] of] ljlwaf6 clwsf+z JolQmx¿nfO{ kf/ kfpg cg's"n / ;xh x'G5 . o;
;Gbe{df >Ls[i0f of] …d]/f] cledtÚ xf] eGg'x'G5 . pxfFn] of] ;To xf] geg]/ of] d]/f] cledt xf]
eGg'ePsf] 5 .
;To s;}n] hfg] jf ghfg]df, s;}n] dfg] jf gdfg]df / eg] jf geg]df klg ;To ToxL
x'G5 . dtsf] cy{ ;Tosf] ;DaGwdf cfˆgf] ljrf/ xf] . ljrf/df cleJolQmsf] bf]if klg x'g ;S5 /
tn dfly klg x'g ;S5 . zAb eGg]lalQs} csf{sf] xftdf hfG5 / To;sf] JofVof ;'Gg] JolQmn] dfq
u5{ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f of] d]/f] cledt xf] eGg'x'G5 . ;TonfO{ zAb lbof] eg] Tof] dt x'G5 ;To
/xFb}g . ;To t ha lgMzAb x'G5, ta dfq ;To /xG5 . ;To k|s6 u/]df Tof] dt x'G5, To;}n] ;a}
zf:q dt x'g\ . s'g} klg zf:q ;Tosf] zf:q x'g ;Sb}g . ;Tosf ;DaGwdf xhf/ dt x'g ;S5g\ .
k|To]s zf:qn] ;Tosf] bfaL u5{ t/ b'O{ ;To dfGbf snx pTkGg x'G5 . ch{'gnfO{ s[i0fn] eGg'ePsf]
of] dt xf] . >Ls[i0f h:tf JolQmn] of] d]/f] dt xf] eGg' cb\e't s'/f xf] . pxfFh:tf JolQmn] dfq
;xh} of] ;To xf] eGg ;S5g\ lsgeg] pxfF g} ;To xf] . dt xf] eGg'sf] tfTko{ ;To ch{'g :jod\n]
vf]h"g\ eg]/ o;f] elgPsf] xf] . >Ls[i0f oL egfOdfkm{t ch{'gnfO{ ;To kfpg' 5 eg] ltdLn] g}
cEof;, r]i6f / ;fwgf u/]/ To;nfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] 5f} eGg] ;"rgf lbO/xg' ePsf] 5 .
ch{'g pjfr
coltM >4of]k]tf] of]ufRrlntdfg;M .
ck|fKo of]u;+l;l4+ sf+ ult+ s[i0f uR5lt ..#&..
ch{'gn] eg]– x] >Ls[i0f Û >4fk"j{s cfTd\;fIffTsf/sf] ljlwdf nfu]sf] JolQm ha ljrlnt
dgsf sf/0f of]ul;l4 ug{af6 jl~rt x'G5 To:tf c;kmn JolQmx¿nfO{ s:tf] ult k|fKt x'G5 <
slRrGgf]eolje|i6lZ5Ggfe|ldj gZolt .
ck|lti7f] dxfafxf] ljd"9f] a|Xd0fM kly ..#*..
x] >Ls[i0f Û st} a|Xdk|flKtsf] af6f]af6 Ro't ePsf] ;fws ;f+;fl/s ef}lts ;Dkbfsf dfu{af6
;d]t Ro't x'g k'Uof] eg] l5GgleGg ePsf] afbnh:t} b'j} ;kmntfaf6 gfz x'g] t xf]Og <

nf]suLtf– 266
 cWofo–^
PtGd] ;+zo+ s[i0f 5]Q'dx{:oz]iftM .
TjbGoM ;+zo:of:o 5]Qf g Xo'kkBt] ..#(..
x] >Ls[i0f Û d]/f oL cfzª\sfx¿ 5g\ . o;nfO{ h/}b]lv sf6\g jf gfz ug{ xh'/afx]s c¿
sf]xL ;dy{ 5}g . t;y{ d]/f oL ;Gb]xx¿ x6fOlbg'xf];\ lsgeg] xh'/ oL ;+zo x6fpg of]Uo x'g'x'G5 ..
>Ls[i0fsf] s'/f ;'g]/ h'g ;+zo p7\g'kg]{ lyof] ch{'gdf ToxL p7]sf] 5 . ch{'g cl3af6 g}
atfpg ;lsg] :jefjsf JolQm 5g\ . pgsf] dgdf s:tf] k|Zg p7\b} 5 eGg] s'/f eljiojf0fL ug{
;lsG5 . xfdL ;a}sf] dgdf h:tf] s'/f p7\5 ToxL pgsf] dgdf klg pl7/x]sf] 5 . ch{'gsf] dgdf
;+zo p7]sf] 5 . h;sf] lrQ of]uaf6 rnfodfg ePsf] 5, h;df k|e' kfpg] rfxgf / k|of;sf] s'g}
sdL 5}g t/ klg p;sf] dg l:y/ 5}g eg] o:tf dflg;sf] ult s] x'G5 eGg] pgL hfGg rfxG5g\ .
o; k|sf/sf] 8/ :jfefljs g} xf] . To;}n] t ch{'g hfGg rfxG5g\– dg l:y/ gx'Fbf st} oxfF
;+;f/ klg 5'6\g] / ptf k/dfTdfnfO{ gkfOg] l:ylt eof] eg] s] x'G5 . sxL+“ /fd / sfd b'j} 5'6\g]
kf] xf] ls eg]/ pgL lrlGtt 5g\ . pgdf o:tf] k|Zg p7\g' :jfefljs g} xf] . ;f+;fl/s ef]u klg
5'6\g] / k/dfTdf klg k|fKt ug{ g;lsg] eof] eg] d otfsf] g ptfsf] x'g] t xf]Og egL pgL
cfzª\sf JoQm ub{5g\ . clxn] ;+;f/df g} eP klg d;Fu kTgL, k'q, kl/jf/, ;fd|fHo 5 ef]nLn] s]
x'g] xf] lglZrt 5}g . t;y{ x] dxfafx' Û oxfF ;+;f/ klg 5'6\g] / k/dfTdf klg gkfOg] ePdf 3/sf]
g 3f6sf] x'g] l:ylt cfpg] t xf]Og egL ch{'g lrlGtt 5g\ . x] >Ls[i0f Û xh'/sf] s'/f ;'g]/ Tof]
a|Xd / cfgGb k|fKt ug]{ OR5f t hfu]sf] 5 t/ ;+;f/ 5'6]/ a|Xd klg k|fKt ePg eg] s] ug]{ eg]/
pgL hfGg rfxG5g\ . wfld{s ofqfdf lgl:sg] ofqLdf of] k|Zg p7\g' :jfefljs xf] . To;}n] ch{'g
s[i0fnfO{ eGb5g\– d]/f] ;+zo k"0f{ ¿kdf lgjf/0f ul/lbg'xf];\ . dnfO{ lglZrGt u/fO{ d]/f] cfzª\sf
x6fOlbg'xf];\ . s] d}n] of] ;+;f/¿kL lsgf/f 5f]8] klg csf]{ lsgf/f kfpF5', xh'/afx]s d]/f] cfzª\sf
x6fOlbg] c¿ sf]xL 5}g . cfzª\sf/lxt JolQmn] dfq cfzª\sf k"0f{ ¿kdf x6fpg ;S5 . cfkm"leq
k"0f{ e/f];f ePsf] / ;Gb]x gePsf] JolQm >Ls[i0fafx]s csf]{ s'g} x'g} ;Sb}g . xhf/f“}+ jif{df
s[i0fh:tf JolQm kfOG5g\ . s[i0fh:tf] ;Gb]x/lxt / k|ZgljxLg JolQmn] g} o:tf cfzª\sfsf]
;dfwfg ug{ ;S5g\ .
;f+;fl/s dg s'g} lrh kfpg] e/f];f eP dfq cGo lrh 5f]8\g ;S5 . ;xh ¿kdf geP/
To;sf] abnfdf s'g} s'/f kfpg] cfZjf;g ePdf dfq Tof] s'/f 5f]8\g ;S5 . JolQm Tofusf] ¿kdf
nufgL ug{ tof/ x'G5 . To;}n] ;f+;fl/s dgn] Tofu ug{ xf]Og df]ndf]nfO dfq ug{ hfGb5 . o:tf]
dgn] kfpg] lglZrt ePkl5 dfq 5f]8\5 . oyfy{df kfpgsf nflu g} 5f]8\g] xf] eg] Tof] 5f]8\g' g}
xf]Og . h;n] s]xL kfpg] cfzf g/fvL 5f]8\5 To;n] w]/} kfpF5 / hf] kfpg] cfzf /fv]/ Tofu u5{
Tof] Tofu g} x'Fb}g / To;n] s]xL klg kfpFb}g . h;nfO{ kfpg' 5 p;n] kfpg] s'/f g} 5f]8\g'k5{ .
ch{'g s[i0f;Fu e/f];f dfU5g\ . s[i0fn] e/f];f lbg'eof] eg] klg pgsf] dgn] ;Gb]x ug{ 5f]8\b}g .
dflg; Pp6f ;Gb]xsf] ;dfwfg kfPkl5 csf]{ ;Gb]x p7fpF5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gsf] cfzª\sfnfO{ lgM;t{ ug{ vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . Ps Ps u/]/ pxfF ch{'gsf] ;+zo
d]6fpg rfxg'x'G5 . ;Gb]xsf] s'g} cGTo x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f ch{'gn] a'em] eg] cfzª\sf x6\g ;S5
cGoyf Pp6f ;Gb]x ;dfKt x'gf;fy k'gM csf]{ ;Gb]x pAhg] 5 . ;Gb]x jf cfZjf;gsf] vf]h Joy{
xf] eGg] 1fg eP dfq ;Gb]xn] ;tfpFb}g . ch{'gsf] t[i0ff dfgjLo 5 . ;kgf b]Vg] JolQmn] cem /fd|f ]
;kgf b]v]kl5 dfq d ;kgf TofU5' eg]/ ;f]r] h:tf] ch{'g klg To;nfO{ kfpg] lglZrGttf ePdf
dfq o;nfO{ Tofu ug{ rfxG5g\ .

nf]suLtf– 267
cWofo–^
>Leujfg'jfr
kfy{ g}j]x gfd'q ljgfz:t:o ljBt] .
g lx sNof0fs[TslZrb\b'u{lt+ tft uR5lt ..$)..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– x] kfy{ Û sNof0fsf/L sd{df nfu]sf ;fwssf] g o; nf]sdf g k/nf]sdf
g} gfz x'G5 . eujt\ lrGtgdf nfu]sf jf cfTdf]¢f/sf nflu sd{ ug]{ dflg; b'u{ltdf k|fKt xF'b}g ..
ch{'g cfÎgf] lrGtf k|s6 u5{g–\ x] >Ls[i0f Û xh'/n] O;f/f ug{' ePtkm{ ;+od ;fWg g;s]/,
dg cl:y/ ePdf Psflt/ ;+;f/ klg 5'6\g] 5 / csf]{tk{m k/dfTdf klg k|fKt ePg eg] d b'j}
lsgf/faf6 jl~rt x'g] t xf]Og < >Ls[i0f ch{'gsf] k|Zgsf] pQ/df eGg'x'G5– z'e sd{ ug]{ JolQm
slxNo} klg b'u{ltdf kb{}g . k|e'tkm{ pGd'v ePsf] r}tGo o;nf]s / k/nf]s b'j}df gfz x'Fb}g
lsgeg] r}tGo tŒj slxNo} gi6 x'Fb}g s]jn ;+of]usf] dfq gfz x'G5 . h'g lrh s'g} s'/fsf]
hf]8af6 lgld{t x'G5, To;sf] ljgfz x'G5 t/ ljgf hf]8sf] lrh gi6 x'Fb}g . xfdL hf]8 agfpg /
tf]8\g ;S5f“}+ . tŒjsf] lgdf{0f x'Fb}g s]jn ;+of]usf] dfq lgdf{0f x'G5 . hf] aG5, Tof] gi6 x'G5 /
h;sf] k|f/De 5 To;sf] cGTo klg x'G5 . tŒjnfO{ xfdL agfpg ;Sb}gf}+“ . To;}n] lxGb"x¿n] tŒjsf]
kl/efiff gi6 ug{ / l;h{gf ug{ ;lsFb}g eGg] dfg]sf 5g\ .
hut\df b'O{ tŒj h8 / r}tGo 5g\ . ;j{q km}lnPsf] kbfy{ h8 / h;n] o; h8 kbfy{nfO{
cg'ejjf6 hfGb5 Tof] tŒj r}tGo xf] . oL b'j} tŒjsf] g ljgfz x'G5 g lgdf{0f g} x'G5 . z/L/
r]tgf / kbfy{af6 pTkGg x'g] x'Fbf of] Ps lbg hlGdG5 / lj;lh{t x'G5 . z/L/ kbfy{sf] ¿kdf /
cfTdf r}tGosf] ¿kdf df}h'b x'G5≤ d[To'df s]jn oL b'O{sf] larsf] ;DaGw dfq ;dfKt x'G5 . Tof]
;DaGw g} gfd / ¿k xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– r]tgfsf] ljgfz x'Fb}g lsgeg] r]tgf cljgfzL x'G5 .
s'g} JolQm a]xf]; x'Fbf p;sf] r]tgf ljgfz x'Fb}g z/L/;Fu dfq xf]; x'Fb}g t/ cfTdf k"0f{ r]tgfo'Qm
x'G5 . dflg; a]xf]; x'Fbf r]tgf / z/L/sf] ;DaGw lzlyn eP/ r]tgfsf] k|jfx dfq aGb x'G5 .
leqsf] pmhf{ z/L/;Dd cfpg] af6f] dg xf] / JolQm a]xf]; x'Fbf ljB't\sf] l:jr aGb ePh:t} dg
aGb x'G5 . larsf] ;]t' 6'6\5 t/ leqsf] r]tgf h:tfsf] To:t} /xG5 . z/L/ h8 ePsf]n] of] Tolt
g} cr]tg x'G5 h:tf] lyof] . cfTdfaf6 of] r]tgf z/L/;Dd h'g k|ltljlDat x'GYof], Tof] dfq x'Fb}g .
kfkLn] hlt w]/} kfksd{ jf g/fd|f] sd{ u/] jf ;+;f/;Fu cem ;;Qm ;DaGw agfP klg r]tgf
ljgfz x'Fb}g . r]tgf s]jn b'vb ;Gtfkn] 3]l/G5 / gs{df si6 / kL8fsf ;fy afFR5 t/ klg r]tgf
gi6 x'Fb}g .
xfdL jfn'jfsf] ;fgf] s0f klg gi6 ug{ ;Sb}gf“}+ . j}1flgsx¿n] k/df0f' pmhf{sf] vf]h u/L
rG› w/ftndf kfOnf 6]ls;s]sf 5g\ . kfFr dfOn ulx/f] k|zfGt dxf;fu/df 8'a'NsL lng ;Sg]
ePsf 5g\ / cGo w]/} cfZro{hgs sfd lj1fgjf6 ePsf 5g\ t/ jfn'jfsf] ;fgf] s0f klg
lj1fgn] agfpg ;Sb}g lsgeg] kbfy{ g t gi6 x'G5, g t l;h{gf g} x'G5 . c0f'nfO{ km'6fP/ k/df0f'
agfP h:t} dflg;sf] hLjsf]ifnfO{ klg tf]8]/ dg'ionfO{ k|of]uzfnfdf hGd lbg ;Sg] k|of]u ug{
klg j}1flgsx¿ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . 6]:66\o'a a]aL cyf{t\ aRrfnfO{ k/:j gnLdf hGdfpg] Joj:yf
klg ul/;s]sf 5g\ t/ cfTdf k}bf ug{ c;Dej 5 . j}1flgsx¿n] k|of]uzfnfdf lgdf{0f u/]sf]
aRrfdf klg cfdfsf] ue{df k|j]z u/]h:t} To;df klg cfTdf k|j]z u5{ . cfTdf ck|s6 r]tgf
ePsf]n] k|s6 x'g] dfWod kfpg] lalQs} pm k|s6 x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fn] æg}g+ l5GblGt z:qfl0f g}g+ bxlt kfjsMÆ cyf{t\ cfTdfnfO{ xft–xltof/n] sf6\g /
clUgn] hnfpg klg ;lsGg eGg'ePsf] 5 . z/L/ lgdf{0f ePkl5 cfTdf To;df k|j]z u5{ / Tof]

nf]suLtf– 268
 cWofo–^
cfTdf chGdf, cd[t¿kL / cljgfzL x'G5 . >Ls[i0f csf]{ s'/f eGg'x'G5– h;n] z'esd{ u/]sf] 5,
Tof] z'esd{ ug{' g} kof{Kt 5 . o:tf] z'esd{ ug]{ JolQmsf] slxNo} b'u{lt x'Fb}g . z'esd{ ;kmn eof]
eg] t s'/} gu/f}+, c;kmn eof] eg] klg p;sf] slxNo} b'u{lt x'g] 5}g . cz'e sd{ ug]{ qmddf
;kmn x'g ;s]g cyjf cz'e ljrf/ dfq p7\of] eg] klg pm b'u{ltdf kg]{ lglZrt 5 . s;}sf] xTof
ug{ rfXof] t/ ;s]g eg] klg pm kfksf] eflubf/ aG5 lsgeg] cGttM xfd|f] ljrf/ g} hLjgsf] kmn
aG5 . t;y{ b'u{ltaf6 aRg ;xL ljrf/ g} kof{Kt x'G5 . a'4n] wDdkbdf eGg'ePsf] 5– ltdL h] 5f},
Tof] ltd|f] ljrf/sf] kmn xf] . olb b'vL 5f} eg] cfˆgf] ljrf/nfO{ vf]h / Tof] aLh -d"n;|f]t_ kfpg]
5f} h;sf sf/0f b'v ePsf] 5 . xfdL cfˆgf] gs{sf] lgdf{0f Hofb} ldlxg]t ;fy u5f}{+ .
a'4;Fu Pp6f b'ik|j[lQdf nfu]sf /fhs'df/n] bLIff lnP h;sf] Hofb} rrf{ eof]– o:tf] v/fa
JolQmn] sqf] ;f}efUo k|fKt u¥of] eg]/ leIf'x¿ 5Ss k/] . a'4 / dxfjL/n] k"j{hGdsf ;a} s'/f
hfGg ;Sg] lj1fgsf] ljsf; ug{'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] To; /fhs'df/sf] k"j{hGdsf] j[QfGt
;'gfpg'eof] . k"j{hGddf 36]sf] Ps 36gfn] p;sf] ;GGof;sf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . cl3Nnf]
hGddf ;f] JolQm hËndf xfQLx¿sf] /fhf lyof] . pQm hËndf cfunfuL eof] . ;a} kz'kG5L
ql;t eP/ cfunfuLaf6 aRgsf nflu efu] . Pp6f ljzfn ?vsf] 5fofFdf Tof] xfQL s]xL If0f
lj>fd u/L lxF8\g nfu]sf a]nf cfˆgf] v'§fd'lg Pp6f v/fof] a;]sf] kfof] . lxF8\bf v/fof]
sRofss'r's x'g] ePsfn] xfQLdf s?0ff hfUof] / st} grnLsg ToxLF a:of] / cGttM cfuf]df hn]/
d¥of] . To; hLjgdf p;n] ToxL Pp6f k'0o u/]sf] lyof] . To;}sf] kmn cfh of] /fhs'df/sf] ¿kdf
hGd]/ ;GGof;sf] bLIff;d]tsf] ;f}efUo k|fKt u¥of] . k"j{hGdsf] z'esd{sf] kmnn] g} cfh pm
;GGof;L x'g ;Sof] . z'esd{sf] ljrf/ dfq kof{Kt x'G5 ;kmn eof] eg] t eGg} k/]g, c;kmn eP
klg b'u{ltaf6 aRg ;kmn x'G5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] kfy{ Û sNof0fsf/L sd{df nfu]sf
;fwssf] g o; nf]sdf g k/nf]sdf g} gfz x'G5 . cfTdf]¢f/sf nflu sd{ ug]{ JolQm b'u{ltdf k|fKt
x'Fb}g .
k|fKo k'0os[tf+ nf]sfg'lifTjf zfZjtLM ;dfM .
z'rLgf+ >Ldtf+ u]x] of]ue|i6f]˜lehfot] ..$!..
cfTd\;fIffTsf/sf] af6f]df nfu]/ l;l4 k|fKt ug{ g;s]sfx¿ :juf{lb nf]sdf w]/} jif{;Dd
k'0osd{sf] cfgGb ef]u]/ pQd cfr/0fo'Qm kl/jf/df jf ;DkGg s'ndf hGd lnG5 ..
cyjf of]lugfd]j s'n] ejlt wLdtfd\ .
Ptl4 b'n{et/+ nf]s] hGd obLb[zd\ ..$@..
cfTd\;fIffTsf/sf] dfu{df nfUbf nfUb} c;kmn ePsf] j}/fUojfg\ k'?if :juf{lb nf]ssf] ef]u /
;bfrf/L s'n jf kl/jf/df ghGd]/ l;w} a'l4dfg\ of]uLsf] s'ndf hGd lnG5 / pm k/d a'l4dfg\
x'G5 . lgZro g} o;k|sf/sf] hGd cToGt b'n{e 5 ..
of]ue|i6 JolQmx¿sf af/]df ch{'g k|Zg ;f]Wb} 5g\– d ;f+;fl/s ef]u 5fl8lbG5' t/ of]udf
klg ;kmn x'g ;lsgF eg] st} d oL b'j} af6faf6 ktg x'g] t xf]Og eg]/ pgL hfGg rfxG5g\ .
of]ue|i6 JolQmsf af/]df >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– r}tGo k|flKtsf] dfu{df uP/ of]ul;4 ug{ ;s]g /
of]ue|i6 eP/ lardf g} cl8\sof] eg] klg ckl/ldt ;'v kfpF5 / lardf gcl8\sO{ of]udf k"0f{tf
k|fKt u¥of] eg] t d'Qm eOxfN5 . ckl/ldt ;'vsf] hut\sf] gfd :ju{ xf] . of]ue|i6 JolQmn] klg
cTolws ;'v k|fKt ug]{ 5 t/ hlt;'s} ;'v k|fKt u/] klg Tof] ;'v Pslbg ;lsG5 cyf{t\ hlt;'s}
7'nf] / nfdf] ;'v klg If0fdf g} ;dfKt ePsf] efg x'G5 . o:tf] r]tgfn] w]/} ;'v ef]U5 / ;'v

nf]suLtf– 269
cWofo–^
l;l4Pkl5 k'gM lkmtf{ eP/ klxnfsf] l:yltdf cfpF5 . csf]{ ;Defjgf– of]ue|i6 k'?ifsf] r]tgfn]
To:tf] 3/df hGd lnG5 hxfF 1fg tyf of]usf] jftfj/0f 5 . hxfF pWj{udgsf] ofqfsf nflu ;r]t
JolQmx¿ 5g\ To:tf] s'n Pjd\ kl/jf/df p;n] hGd lng ;S5 . cl3Nnf] hGddf hxfFaf6 of]u
5'6]sf] 5 ToxLFaf6 kl5Nnf] hGddf To;sf] k'n -;]t'_ hf]l8G5 .
>Ls[i0fn] of]ue|i6 JolQmsf b'O{ ljsNksf af/]df atfpg' ePsf] 5 . Pp6f ;'v} ;'vn] o'Qm
:yfg :ju{df hlGdg ;S5 hxfF s'g} b'v xF'b}g . z'e ug{ rfx]sf] lyof] t/ ug{ ;kmn ePg eg] klg
:ju{ t p;sf nflu lglZrt 5 . t/ ;'vsf] ef]u ul/;s]kl5 ToxL cj:yfdf k]ml/ ;+;f/df
kms{g'k5{ . ;+;f/af6 ha;Dd df]Ifsf] ofqf k"/f x'Fb}g, ta;Dd ;+;f/df lkmtf{ eO/xg'k5{ . csf]{
ljsNk pgLx¿sf] hGd o:tf] kl/jf/df x'G5 hxfF pgLx¿ of]usf] ofqf ;'? ug{ ;s"g\ . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ cfZjf;g / e/f];f lbg'x'G5– ltdL ljrlnt / eoeLt gxf]pm . olb df]If kfpg
;s]gf} eg] klg :ju{ t cjZo k|fKt x'G5 jf To; s'ndf hGd x'Gf]5 hxfF ltdLn] cl3Nnf] hGddf
5f]8]sf] ofqf k'gM ;'? ug{ ;Sg]5f}F . s[i0f h:tf dfu{bz{s e]§fpg' ch{'gsf] cxf]efUo xf] . pxfF
ch{'gsf] cj:yfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L pgnfO{ ;xfotf k|bfg ug{'x'G5 . s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ Ps–Ps sbd
k5\ofpFb} x'g'x'G5 . ch{'gsf lgldQ kmsfpFb} cl3 a9fpg] hlt k|of; pxfFn] ug{'ePsf] 5 Tolt s;}n]
u/]sf 5}gg\ / ug{ klg ;Sb}gg\ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gsf sltko cgfjZos ts{ / s'/fnfO{ klg Wofgk"j{s
;'g]/ k|]dn] kmsfpg'x'G5 / Ps Ps OGr dfly Nofpg'x'G5 . k|e' t k|To]snfO{ df]Ifdf k'¥ofpg
rfxG5g\ t/ xfdL lsgf/fnfO{ olt hf]8n] ;dfT5f}+ ls xfdL g} ofqfdf clu a9\g rfxFb}gf}+“ .
tq t+ a'l4;+of]u+ net] kf}j{b]lxsd\ .
ott] r ttf] e"oM ;+l;4f} s'?gGbg ..$#..
x] s'?gGbg Û o:tf] hGd kfPkl5 k"j{hGdsf] a'l4;+of]u cyf{t\ ;da'l4 of]usf] ;+:sf/ / r]tgf
k'gM cgfof; g} k|fKt x'G5 . To;sf] k|efjn] cfTd\;fIffTsf/sf] k"0f{tf jf l;l4sf nflu o; hGddf
klxnfeGbf klg cem cl3 a9]/ k|oTg ub{5 ..
hLjgdf s;}n] klg s]xL u'dfpFb}g . hLjg xfdLn] u/]sf ;dtfsf] hf]8 xf] . xfdLaf6
ul/Psf sd{, ljrf/ xfd|f] k|f0fsf] lx:;f aGb5 . xfdL ha s]xL ;f]R5f}+“ jf u5f}{+, ta g} xfdL
¿kfGtl/t x'G5f}+ . Tof] ¿kfGt/0f xfdL;Fu} lxF8\5 . xfdL cfh h] 5f}+ Tof] xfd|f] ctLtsf] ljrf/ /
sd{sf] >[Înf xf] . xfdL;Fu cgGt hGddf u/]sf s'/fx¿ ;ª\u|lxt 5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o;
hGddf olb s;}n] of]u;fwgf ul//xFbf l;l4 k|fKt gePsf] cj:yf 5 eg] kl5Nnf] hGddf cgfof;
g} k"j{ hGdb]lvsf] ;fwgfsf] an / zlQm ck|Toflzt 9Ën] p;df b]vfkb{5 . s'g} JolQm cl3Nnf]
hGddf l;l4 k|fKt ubf{ pgfG;o l8u|L ;kmntf xfl;n ubf{ ub}{ d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] o; hGddf
k"j{hGdsf] afFsL ;fdfGo Ps l8u|L sfd jf ;kmntf k|fKt ug]{ lalQs} p;nfO{ l;l4 k|fKt x'G5 .
o; hGddf ;fgf] 36gf jf k|of; ugf{;fy ltgLx¿nfO{ ck|Toflzt ¿kn] k/d1fg k|fKt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cl3Nnf] hGdsf] ofqf clnslt cw'/f] 5 eg] Tof] cw'/f] ;dosf nflu hlt
;do;Dd k|tLIff ug{'kg]{ lyof] Tolt dfq ;dodf o; hGddf s'g} klg lbg ck|Toflzt ¿kdf aLh
k'm6]/ åf/ v'Ng] 5 . s}of}+“ hGddf xfdL OGr e/n] dfq r'S5f“}+ / To;sf] e/kfO{ ug{ csf]{ hGdsf]
ofqf ug{'kg]{ x'G5 .
cd]l/sfsf] sf]nf]/f8f]df klxnf]k6s ;'gsf] vfgL e]l6of] . cfh klg ;a}eGbf a9L ;'gsf]
vfgL sf]nf]/f8f]df g} 5 . Toltv]/ v]tdf vGbf vGb} ls;fgx¿n] ;'g k|fKt ug{ yfn] . kxf8df
JolQm r9\y] / ;'g kfpFy] . ToxfF hldg lsg]/ dflg;x¿ c/aklt eP . Ps JolQmn] ToxfF va{klt

nf]suLtf– 270
 cWofo–^
aGg] cfzfdf Pp6f k"/} kxf8 lsg] t/ cfZro{ s] eof] eg] 7'nf 7'nf oflGqs pks/0fsf] k|of]u u/]
klg pgn] ;'g kfPgg\ . pgn] tLg s/f]8 8n/ pQm kxf8 lsGg / vGgdf vr{ u/]sf lyP . pgL
6f6 klN6P t/ ;'g e]l6Pg . pgL;Fu kxf8af6 d]l;g tn emfg{ klg k};f ePg . pgn] k"/} kxf8 /
oflGqs pks/0fx¿ laqmLsf nflu lj1fkg u/] . Ps hgf JolQm Tof] kxf8 / pks/0f tLg s/f]8df
lsGg tof/ eP . pgsf kl/jf/ / cGo lxt}ifLx¿n] pgnfO{ ltdLn] lsGof} eg] klxnfsf] dflg;
h:t} xl/sËfn x'g] 5f} eg] . pgn] klxn]sf] JolQmn] vg]sf] eGbf tn ;'g x'g ;S5 eGg] ;f]r]/ pQm
kxf8 lsGg] c7f]6 u/] . cfZro{ Û pgn] lslg;s]kl5 Ps lkm6 ulx/f] vGbf g} Tof] kxf8df ;'g
e]l6of] . clxn] klg Tof] kxf8 sf]nf]/f8f]sf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] ;'gvfgLsf] ¿kdf kl/lrt 5 .
slxn]sfxLF Ps jf cfwf OGrn] klg JolQm r'S5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL
hlt;'s} r'Sof} eg] klg eo gdfg lsgeg] z'esd{ lgikmn x'Fb}g . cl3Nnf] hGddf ltdLn] hlt
u/]sf 5f} To;eGbf clws g} ltdLn] kfpg] 5f} . s]jn ;dosf] Jojwfg dfq x'g] 5 / ck|Toflzt
¿kdf 36gf 36\g] 5 . t/ ltdLn] u/]sf] sd{sf] kmn lgikmn hfg] 5}g . of]usf] lbzfdf ul/Psf
s'g} klg k|oTg slxNo} r'Sb}gg\ . k|e'sf] lbzfdf p7fOPsf] s'g} klg sd{ lgikmn x'Fb}g . o; lbzfdf
p7fOPsf ljrf/ klg Joy{ hfFb}gg\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL eoeLt geO{ sd{ u/ . o; hGddf
;kmntf ldn]g eg] klg csf]{ hGddf ltdLnfO{ ck|Toflzt ¿kdf ;kmntf ldNg] 5 . s[i0fn]
ch{'gdf klxnf]k6s pT;'stf kfpg'ePsf] 5 lsgeg] ch{'g ;f]Wb} 5g\– sxLF d g otfsf] g ptfsf]
x'g] t xf]Og < sxL+ d g ;f+;fl/s ef]usf] / g k/dfTdf k|flKtsf] cj:yfdf k'Ug] t xf]Og < o;
k|Zgsf] cy{ ch{'gsf] dgdf csf]{tkm{ hfg] leqL k'sf/sf] kbfk{0f ePsf] 5 t/ pgdf s]jn eo dfq
5 . ch{'g lrlGtt x'g' z'e nIf0f xf] / >Ls[i0fn] ha pgsf] åf/ v'n]sf] kfpg'eof] ta cfZjf;g
lbg'eof]– ltd|f] ofqf olb k"/f ePg eg] klg ltdLn] u/]sf z'esd{sf] z'ekmn csf]{ hGddf
ck|Toflzt ¿kdf k|fKt x'g] 5≤ t;y{ eoeLt gxf]pm .
ltAatdf Pp6f k'/fgf] egfO 5– ltdL u'?nfO{ gvf]h, lzio tof/ ePkl5 u'? cfkm}+ pkl:yt
x'G5g\ (Do not seek master, when disciple is ready master appears) . 5 xhf/ jif{ k'/fgf]
k':tsdf of] s'/f pNn]v ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] of]Uotfsf] cfwf/ x]/]/ ;bf k/dfTdfn] ;fwg
h'6fOlbG5g\ . ;a} ;DklQ o;} hGddf 5'6\5 t/ ulx/fOdf u/]sf] z'e of cz'e sd{;DklQ csf]{
hGddf klg cfkm";Fu} ofqf u5{ .
k"jf{Eof;]g t]g}j lx|ot] Xojzf]˜lk ;M .
lh1f;'/lk of]u:o zAba|Xdfltjt{t] ..$$..
k"j{hGdsf] cEof;, b}jL ;+:sf/ Pjd\ b}jL r]tgfn] o'Qm Tof] ;fws grfx]/ klg :jtM ;dtf jf
a'l4of]utkm{ cfslif{t x'G5 . pm j]bdf jl0f{t ;sfd sd{ Pjd\ cg'i7fgnfO{ cltqmd0f u5{ ..
>Ls[i0f cGo b'O{ s'/fx¿ eGg'x'G5– cl3Nnf] hGddf s;}n] clnslt k|e'sf] lbzftkm{ ofqf
u/]sf] 5 / clnslt klg of]usf] ;~ro u/]sf] 5 eg] Tof] p;sf] ;Dkbf aG5 / csf]{ hGddf ljifo
/ jf;gfdf lnKt ePdf klg k|e' s[kfsf] kfq x'G5 h;af6 p;sf] ¿kfGt/0fsf] ;Defjgf ;bf agL
g} /xG5 . k|e' s[kf cg]sg ¿kdf p;dfly al;{/xG5 . >Ls[i0f csf]{ s'/f klg eGg'x'G5– of]usf]
l;4, ;fws jf d'd'If' xf]Og s]jn lh1f;' dfq eP k'U5 . pm klg j]bdf atfPsf] ;sfd sd{sf]
pNn‹g ub}{ kf/ x'G5≤ cyf{t\ To;eGbf /fd|f] kmn k|fKt u5{ . j]bdf o1 ubf{ of] of] kmn k|fKt x'G5
egL pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . cd's lrh bfg ubf{ :ju{ k|fKt x'G5 . To;}n] cd's b]jtfsf] o;/L k"hf
u/]df g}j]B r9fPdf cd's kmn k|flKt x'G5 elgPsf] 5 . j]bn] w]/} ljlwsf af/]df atfPsf] 5 h;n]

nf]suLtf– 271
cWofo–^
dg'ionfO{ ;'vsf] lbzfdf n}hfG5 . j]b ch{'g h:tf] :ki6 lh1f;'nfO{ lbPsf] jrg dfq xf]Og, j]b
ljZjsf]if (Encyclopidea) xf] . k[YjLdf ePsf ;Dk"0f{ dflg;sf nflu cfjZos ;"q j]bdf pknAw
5g\ . uLtf Pp6f ljlzi6 JolQmåf/f ljz]if kfqnfO{ lbOPsf] ljz]if lzIff xf] t/ j]b cg]sf}+
JolQmx¿åf/f cg]sf“}+ JolQmx¿sf nflu lbOPsf] lzIff xf] . j]bdf 5'›b]lv dxfg\ JolQmsf nflu
jrgx¿ 5g\ . j]bdf 5'› JolQmn] æx] OG› Û d]/f l5d]sL zq'sf ufO{sf] b'w ;'sfOb]pmÆ eg]/ k|fy{gf
ug]{ ljlw;Dd klg 5 . ;+;f/sf s'g} klg wd{u|Gyn] o:tf s'/fnfO{ ;+nUg ug]{ lxDdt ub}{gg\ t/
j]bdf ;a} ;lDdlnt (Inclusive) 5 lsgeg] k/dfTdfdf klg ;Dk"0f{ s'/f ;lDdlnt 5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– j]bdf s'g} ;sfd sfdgf;lxt ul/Psf] k"hf, kf7, xjg ljlw, sd{sf08
u/]/ klg JolQm hxfF k'U5, lgisfd efjn] of]usf] lh1f;f dfq ug]{ JolQm cufl8 g} To;sf] kf/
lgl:sG5 . lgisfd efj olt zlQmzfnL x'G5 eGg] s'/f atfpgsf nflu s[i0fn] j]bsf] pbfx/0f
lbg'ePsf] xf] . s[i0fn] lgisfd sd{sf] t'ngf j]bsf] ;sfd sd{;Fu ug{'ePsf] 5 . j]b;Fu a'4 /
dxfjL/ ;xdt x'g'x'Gg . jf:tjdf j]bsf sf/0fn] ubf{ af}4 / h}g wd{ pTklQ ePsf x'g\ . h}gsf
tLy{ª\s/x¿ eG5g\– j]bdf cg]s cgy{sf s'/fx¿ 5g\ . dxfjL/ eGg'x'G5– c¿sf nflu klg ToxL
;f]r h] cfˆgf nflu ;f]R5f} . j]bn] b'idgnfO{ gi6 ul/b]pm eGg] k|fy{gfnfO{ klg :yfg lbG5 . a'4
eGg'x'G5– ltd|f xTof/fdfly klg s?0ff u/ t/ j]bdf l5d]sLsf] hLjg gi6 ug]{ k|fy{gf klg df}h'b
5 . j]b ljZjsf]if xf] o;df wd{sf] lbzfdf h] ;Dej x'G5 Tof] ;a} ;ª\u|lxt 5 . ;a} lsl;dsf
k|fy{gf / tYox¿ j]bdf ;ª\u|lxt 5g\ .
;+;f/sf ;a} lstfax¿df /fd|f s'/f 5gf]6 ul/Psf x'G5g\ . s]xL 5f]l8Psf / s]xL g/fd|f
x6fP/ /fd|f dfq /flvPsf] x'G5 . wd{u|Gydf klg /fd|f] /fv]/ g/fd|f] x6fOPsf] x'G5 t/ j]b wd{u|Gy
dfq xf]Og, of] t ;d:t dg'iox¿sf] Ifdtfsf] ;ª\u|x xf] . j]b ;Dk"0f{ /fd|f–g/fd|f s'/fx¿ ;lDdlnt
u|Gy xf] . To;}n] j]bdf 5'› JolQmsf 5'› k|fy{gfb]lv >]i7 JolQm hf] k/dfTdf;dIf s'g} kmnsf nflu
k|fy{gf ub}{g, p;sf] k|fy{gf klg ;dfj]z ePsf] 5 . j]bdf Tof] JolQmsf nflu ljlw 5 hf]
k/dfTdflt/ hfg] cg]sf}+ k|of]u u/]/ klg k/dfTdf kfpg ;Sb}g . Tof] JolQmsf nflu klg :yfg 5
hf] k/dfTdflt/ hfg] s'g} k|of; g} ub}{g a? k/dfTdf :jod\ o:tf] JolQmnfO{ vf]Hb5 . To;}n] j]bdf
lgGbf ug]{ JolQm / k|z+;f ug]{ JolQmsf nflu klg cj;/x¿ 5g\ . j]b ;a} ju{nfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug]{
k':ts xf] / o:tf] k':ts ;+;f/df c¿ s'g} klg 5}g . j]bnfO{ dg'iosf] k|ltlglw elgof] eg] cem
pko'Qm x'G5 . j]bsf] cy{ 1fg xf] . t;y{ dg'iosf] ;a} 1fg o;df ;ª\u|lxt 5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;sfdsdL{x¿sf nflu j]b klg l7s} 5 t/ lgisfdsdL{x¿ j]beGbf kf/
hfG5g\ . a'4 / dxfjL/n] j]bnfO{ k"/} c:jLsf/ ug{'ePsfn] af}4 / h}g cj}lbs wd{sf ¿kdf :yfkgf
eP t/ j]b hf] ;j{;+o'Qm / ;lDdlnt 5 To;nfO{ l7s;Fu hfGg / a'‰g ;lsPg lsgeg] ljk/Lt
:jefjsf s'/fx¿ klg To;df df}h'b 5g\ . dg'io Ps} k|s[ltsf x'Fb}gg\ . a'4 / dxfjL/nfO{ j]b;Fu
;d:of o;sf/0f x'g ;S5 ls j]bdf pxfFx¿sf :jefjeGbf leGg s'/fx¿ klg 5g\ . >Ls[i0f
ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– j]bsf] ;d:t ;fwgf ltdLn] u¥of} eg] klg of]usf] lh1f;'n] To;eGbf a9L
kfpg] 5 . s;}n] of]u;fwgf u5{ eg] t k|e's[kf p;n] l;w} k|fKt ug]{ 5 .

nf]suLtf– 272
 cWofo–^
k|oTgfBtdfg:t' of]uL ;+z'4lslNaifM .
cg]shGd;+l;4:ttf] oflt k/f+ ultd\ ..$%..
h;n] k|oTgk"j{s of]ufEof; u/]sf] 5 / ;a} k|sf/sf kfkaf6 z'4 ePsf] 5, h;n] cg]sf}+“
hGdb]lv cGt:s/0f z'4 eP/ l;l4 k|fKt u/]sf] 5 To;n] g} tTsfn k/dult cyf{t\ k/dfTdfnfO{
k|fKt ub{5 ..
o; Znf]sdf >Ls[i0f b'O{ s'/f eGg'x'G5– ch{'g hlt hlt s'/f a'‰b} cl3 a9\g] Ifdtf /fV5g\
Tolt Tolt g} s[i0f pgnfO{ yk s'/f atfpg'x'G5 . h;sf] lrQ cgGt hGddf z'4 ePsf] 5, pm
;fwgåf/f ljlwsf] ;xfotfn] k/dultdf k|fKt x'G5 . ;fwf/0ftof xfdLnfO{ z'4 eO;s]kl5 ;fwgsf]
s'g} cfjZostf 5}g / k/dfTdf t p;nfO{ ljgf ;fwg g} k|fKt x'g'kg]{ xf] eGg] nfUg ;S5 . lrQ
z'4 ePsf] JolQmn] ;fwgsf] pkof]u gubf{ z'4 Pjd\ kljq cxª\sf/ leq lgld{t x'G5 . s;}nfO{
xTof u5{' eg]/ 3f]if0ff ug]{ c;flŒjs cxª\sf/sf] 3f]if0ff xf] . t/ ;flŒjs cxª\sf/ d t s]xL xf]Og,
xh'/sf] r/0fsf] w'nf] x'F eGg] h:tf] ;"Id x'G5 . of] klg cxª\sf/sf] ;"Id ;flŒjs ¿k xf] . cxª\sf/
cToGt rnfs x'G5 / x/]s s'/f;Fu cfkm"nfO{ hf]8\g ;S5 . aflx/L cxª\sf/ t ;a}df b]lvG5 t/
Tofujfnf ;"Id cxª\sf/ b]lvFb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g ;a} k|sf/n] z'4 ePsf] JolQm klg ;fwgsf] ;xfotfn] k|e'df
k|fKt x'G5 . ;flŒjs JolQm hlt;'s} z'4 eP klg p;sf] leq …dÚ afFlr/xG5 h;nfO{ ;fwgljgf
sf6\g ;lsFb}g . of]usf k/d ljlwx¿af6 of] …dÚ nfO{ sf6\g ;lsG5 . of]udf cnu–cnu
JolQmx¿sf nflu cnu–cnu dfu{ / ljlwx¿ 5g\ . ;flŒjs cxª\sf/ hf] lardf /xG5 ;fwg4f/f
To;nfO{ klg sf6\g'k5{ / Tof] sf6\g] ljlw of]u xf] . olb sf]xL z'4 g}lts x'g] k|of; u5{ eg] z'4
cxª\sf/ sf6\gsf nflu p;nfO{ ;fwgsf] cfjZostf k5{ .
tkl:jEof]˜lwsf] of]uL 1flgEof]˜lk dtf]˜lwsM .
sld{EoZrflwsf] of]uL t:dfBf]uL ejfh{'g ..$^..
x] ch{'g Û d]/f dtdf tk:jL / 1fgLeGbf klg of]uL >]i7 dflgPsf] 5 . of]uL ;sfdsdL{eGbf
klg >]i7 x'G5 . To;}n] x] ch'{g ltdL klg of]uL xf]pm ..
tk:jLeGbf of]uL >]i7 x'G5 . ;sfd sd{ ug]{jfnfeGbf of]uL pQd x'G5 . 1fgLeGbf klg
of]uL g} >]i7 x'G5 . To;}n] t ch{'g klg ToxL ;j{>]i7 of]uL ag"g\ eGg] >Ls[i0fsf] rfxgf 5 .
>Ls[i0f of]uLnfO{ tk:jLeGbf dxfg\ eGg'x'G5 . ;fwf/0ftof of] egfO :jLsf/ ug{ sl7g nfU5
lsgeg] tk:jL g} >]i7 h:tf b]lvG5g\ . tkZrof{ k|s6 / of]u ck|s6 s'/f xf] . of]u cGt;f{wgf /
tk:of alx;f{wgf xf] . ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L g} tk:jL s8f 3fd jf lr;f]df pleP/ z/L/nfO{ ;tfpg] /
unfpg] u/L ;fwgf/t /xG5g\ . d"ntM tk:jL ef]uLh:t} z/L/;Fu afFlwPsf] x'G5 . tk:jL z/L/nfO{
si6 lbg] u5{g\ . ef]uL dflg; / tk:jL b'j}sf] s]G› z/L/ g} xf] . Pp6fn] z/L/nfO{ k|]dk"j{s
;hfpF5 / csf{n] z/L/nfO{ si6 lbG5 .
xfdL ;a} z/L/jfbL ePsfn] of]uLsf] jf:tljs :j¿k klxrfg ug{ ;Sb}gf“}+ . of]uLsf] ofqf
cGt:s/0faf6 ;'? x'G5 . p;sf] ofqf z/L/af6 k|f/De geO{ leqL x'G5 . of]uLsf] ofqf j}1flgs
x'G5 . j}1flgs o; cy{df ls of]uL ;fwgsf] pkof]u u/]/ cGt:s/0f z'4 u5{ . TofuL z/L/;Fu
zq'sf] efFtL n8\5 eg] tk:jLn] z/L/sf] bdg ub{5 . pm z/L/;Fu n8\5 lsgeg] pm jf;gf
z/L/df 5 eGg] ;f]R5 . jf;gf cfFvfdf 5 eGg] ;f]rn] ubf{ :qLk|lt cf;lQm a9\of] eg] pm cfFvfsf]
sf/0fn] df]lxt ePsf] eGg] 7fg]/ cfFvf g} km'6fpg] s'/f ;f]R5 t/ cfFvf km'6] klg jf;gf slxNo}

nf]suLtf– 273
cWofo–^
km'6\b}g . b[li6ljxLgsf] klg sfdjf;gf Tolt g} x'G5 hlt ;an b[li6jfnfsf] x'G5 . t/ of]uL cfFvf
km'6fpFb}gg\, a? cfFvfleq Wofg lbg] h'g zlQm xf] h;n] sfdjf;gf hufPsf] 5 To;nfO{ g}
cfFvfaf6 k/ x6fpF5g\ . cfFvfdf ePsf] Wofg x6fPkl5 jf;gf klg afFsL /xFb}g . of]u ¿kfGt/0fsf]
dfWod xf] .
ef]uLn] cfˆgf] IfdtfeGbf a9L vfG5g\ / TofuLn] ef]hg k"/} Tofu ul/lbG5 . of]uL g ef]uL
h:tf] cTolws ef]hg u5{ g TofuL h:tf] Tofu g} u5{ . of]uL ef]hgsf] xf]Og /;sf] Tofu u5{ .
:jfbsf] Tofu u5{ / z/L/nfO{ hlt ef]hgsf] h?/t k5{ Tolt dfq ef]hg u5{ . pm :jfbsf]
ljlIfKttfnfO{ 5f]l8lbG5 . of]uLn] s] u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f cGon] b]Vb}gg\ t/ tk:jLn] h] u5{g\ Tof]
;a}n] b]V5g\ . of]uLsf ;a} ;fwgf cGt;f{wgf x'g\ . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]uL tk:jLeGbf
dxfg\ xf] . x]bf{ tk:jL dxfg\ b]lvG5 . sfF9fdf ;'Tg' Tolt dxfg\ s'/f xf]Og lsgeg] of] t s]xL
lbgsf] cEof;af6 klg ug{ ;lsG5 . dfgj z/L/df s]xL o:tf ljGb'x¿ x'G5g\ h;nfO{ 3f]Rbf
kL8f x'Fb}g . k|To]s JolQmsf] 9f8df @%–#) j6f cGwf :yfg (Blind spots) x'G5g\ hxfF sfF9fn]
3f]Rbf klg s'g} b'vfO x'Fb}g . ToxL gb'Vg] cEof; u/]df tk:jLn] sfF9fn] 3f]r]h:tf] ug{ ;lsG5 t/
sfF9fdf ;'t]sf JolQmnfO{ b]Vg]x¿ eg] cfZro{rlst x'G5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ of] g} rdTsf/ x'G5 .
Wofgdf Psfu| x'g' sfF9fdf ;'Tg'eGbf w]/} sl7g sfo{ xf] . Wofg Ps} :yfgdf /f]Sg' sl7g sfo{
xf] hf] of]un] dfq ug{ ;S5 . of]udf pknAw JolQmsf] hLjgdf tk:of klg x'G5 t/ tk:of
ul//x]sf] JolQmsf] hLjgdf of]u kmlnt x'g' w]/} sl7g sfo{ xf] . of]udf pknAw JolQm ;xhtfk"j{s
b'v em]Ng ;S5 / pm ;'vsf] dfu klg ub}{g . To;}n] p;nfO{ hLjgdf b'v cfOk¥of] eg] klg
;Gtf]ifk"j{s u|x0f u5{ . of]uL ;'v / b'vdf ;d x'G5 t/ tk:jL b'vsf] jf:tf gu/L cfkm}+“n] b'vsf]
Joj:yf ug]{ x'Fbf x7wdL{ x'G5 . ef]s nfUbf ef]hg eP klg x7k"j{s ef]hg gu/L a:5 . of] p;sf]
cfof]lht b'v xf] . of]uL k|e'sf] k|;fb 7fg]/ ;defjn] ef]hg u|x0f u5{≤ eg] tk:jL b'vsf] cfof]hg
u/]/ ;'v lng vf]H5 .
;+;f/df k|foM ;a} hgf c¿nfO{ ;tfP/ dhf lnG5g\ t/ s]xL JolQm cfkm"nfO{ ;tfP/ klg
dhf lnG5g\ . dgf]j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– o:tf JolQmx¿ y'k|} 5g\ hf] cfkm"nfO{ b'v lbg tTk/ /xG5g\ .
o:tf JolQm cfkm"nfO{ ;tfpg] df}sf vf]H5g\ . 5fofFdf a:g ;Sg] JolQm 3fddf, vfgf kfpg] 7fpFdf
ef]s} /xL, ;'Tg ;Sg] :yfgdf hfu]/ tyf ;lhnf] af6f] glxF8]/ vfN8fv'N8L cK7\of/f] af6f] lxF8\5g\
lsgeg] cfkm"nfO{ b'v lbFbf klg cxª\sf/sf] t[lKt x'G5 . of] cfkm"nfO{ b'v lbg] j[lQ c¿nfO{ b'v lbg]
k|j[lQsf] pN6f] ¿k xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]uL tk:jLeGbf w]/} dfly x'G5 . tk:jL cfkm"nfO{ b'v
lbgdf xd];f ;+nUg x'G5g\ . dgf]j}1flgsx¿sf efiffdf o:tf] JolQm d];f]lr:6 xf] . d];f]h gfd
u/]sf Ps JolQm hf] n]vs lyP, pgnfO{ cfkm}+nfO{ sf]/f{n] glxsf{O{ ;'Tg ;Sb}gy] . cf]5\ofgdf sfF8f
glaR5\ofO{ pgnfO{ lg›f nfUb}gYof] . vfgfdf klg cTolws lk/f] rflxGYof] . k"j{df d];f]h hlGdPsf
eP pgL 7'nf dxfTdf x'Gy] .
dxfTdf ufGwL klg lgdsf] crf/;Fu vfgf vfg'x'GYof] . hfGg] a'‰g] dflg; pxfFnfO{ s:tf]
TofuL eGy] . Ps lbg n'O lkm;/ ufGwLnfO{ e]6\g cfP . pgnfO{ ef]hgsf] ;dodf ufGwLhLn] lgdsf]
crf/sf] 7'nf] 8Nnf] g} vfgfdf /flvlbg'eof] . pxfF cfkm"sxfF cfpg] x/]s cltlynfO{ lgdsf] crf/
v'jfpg'x'GYof] . h;n] cfkm"nfO{ b'v lbg hfGb5 Tof] c¿nfO{ klg b'v lbP/ ;'vL x'g vf]H5 . n'O
lkm;/n] b]v]– ufGwLhL Hofb} ld7f] dfg]/ lgdsf] crf/ vfFb} x'g'x'G5 . pgn] rfVg] lalQs} k"/f d'v
lttf] eof] . ufGwLhLn] s] eGg'xf]nf eg]/ n'On] k"/} 8Nnf] Ps}k6sdf kfgL;Fu lgn] . ptf ufGwLhLn]

nf]suLtf– 274
 cWofo–^
n'OnfO{ crf/ ld7f] nfu]sf] 5 pxfFnfO{ c¿ yKg'xf];\ eg] . n'Osf] xfnt s] eof] xf]nf xfdL sNkgf
dfq ug{ ;S5f“}+ . ufGwLhLsf] cf>ddf Ps hgf ;Hhg k|fWofks eG;fnL x'g'x'GYof] . ufGwLhLnfO{
dfGg]x¿n] eG;fnLnfO{ klg dxfg\ ;Gt eg]/ dfG5g\ . pxfF kSsf tk:jL x'g'x'GYof] . pxfF 5
dlxgf;Dd ufO{sf] uf]a/ dfq vfP/ a:g'x'GYof] . pxfF tk:jLsf ;fy} d];f]lr:6 klg x'g'x'GYof] .
cfh aNn dgf]lj1fgn] cfkm"nfO{ ;tfpg] j[lQ la/fdL j[lQ jf ?U0f cj:yf xf] eg]/ hfg]sf]
5 . of] s'/f >Ls[i0fn] xhf/f}+“ jif{clu hfg]/ o;sf af/]df atfpg' ePsf] xf] . pxfF ch{'gnfO{ hf]
cfhsf] dgf]lj1fgn] eG5 ToxL s'/f elg/xg' ePsf] 5– tk:jLeGbf of]uL dxfg\ x'G5 . xfdL klg
k|foM b'vL 5f}+“ lsgeg] xfdL sf]xL c¿ JolQmnfO{ ;tfpg kfpFbf / ljkb\df k/]sfnfO{ b]Vbf cfgGb
lnG5f“}+ . dgf]j}1flgsx¿ o; k|j[lQnfO{ c¿nfO{ kL8f lbg] (Saddist) k|j[lQ eG5g\ . xfdLdf klg
b'ik|j[lQ xfaL ePsfn] o;df /; lnO/x]sf 5f}+ . cxª\sf/nfO{ ta emg\ an ldN5, ha o:tf] b]Vbf
klg dflg;x¿ sqf] tk:jL eg]/ cfb/ u5{g\ . of] ;'g]/ / b]v]/ tk:jL emg\ cfkm"nfO{ b'v lbg
yfN5g\ .
>Ls[i0f csf]{ s'/f eGg'x'G5– hf] zf:q1 cyf{t\ zf:q hfGg]x¿ 5g\, ltgLx¿eGbf klg of]uL
dxfg\ x'G5 lsgeg] zf:q1n] zAbsf cltl/Qm s]xL hfg]sf] x'Fb}g . zf:q k9]/ ;To t slxNo}
hflgFb}g s]jn zAb / l;4fGt dfq kfpg ;lsG5 . ;f/f l;4fGt hfg]/ klg s'g} s'/fsf] cg'e"lt
x'Fb}g . xhf/f}+“ zf:q lkP/ klg To;af6 /QLe/ cg'ej k|fKt x'Fb}g . zf:q k6Ss} ghfGg] of]uL klg
zf:q hfGg] JolQmeGbf >]i7 x'g ;S5 . sla/ k6Ss} zf:q hfGg'x'Gg . s;}n] zf:qsf af/]df ;f]w]
eg] pxfF eGg'x'G5– sfuhdf s] n]lvPsf] 5 Tof] dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . d t ToxL hfGb5' hf] cfFvfn]
b]lvG5 æd} tf] sxtf cfFvg b]vL, t" sxtf x} sfuh n]vL .Æ zf:q hfGg] JolQm / of]uLdf oxL
cGt/ x'G5 . zf:q hfGg]nfO{ hfGg] e|d k}bf x'G5 t/ 1fg k}bf x'Fb}g . 1fg t :jod\sf] bz{gaf6
dfq k}bf x'G5 . h'g lbg s;}n] :jod\nfO{ hfGg] 5, To; lbg uLtfn] h] eg]sf] 5 Tof] p;n] a'‰g]
5 . h] xfdL hfGb}gf}+“ Tof] uLtfdf k9\g klg ;Sb}gf}+“ . xfdL ToxL k9\g ;S5f}+“, h] xfdL hfGb5f}+“ .
To;}n] uLtf k9\g] JolQmx¿ uLtfdf cnu–cnu cy{ jf wf/0ff lgsfN5g\ lsgeg] k|To]s JolQm
ToxL k9\g / hfGg ;S5 h'g p;sf] Ifdtf x'G5 .
Pp6} zAbsf] xhf/ cy{ lgsfNg / JofVof ug{ ;lsG5 . zf:q1fg bf];|f] sf]l6sf] 1fg xf] .
klxnf] sf]l6sf] 1fg t :jod\sf] cg'ej xf] . klxnf] sf]l6sf] 1fg k|fKt ug]{ dflg;nfO{ zf:q cfˆgf]
cg'ej;Fu bfFHg pkof]uL x'G5 t/ zf:q dfqsf] 1fg s'g} d"Nosf] x'Fb}g . uLtf of]uLn] k9\of] eg]
o;df p;n] cd[tsf] ;fu/ kfpF5 / uLtfnfO{ c¿n] k9] eg] zAbsf cltl/Qm s]xL kfpFb}gg\ .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]uzf:q 1fgeGbf klg >]i7 x'G5 . >Ls[i0f csf]{ s'/f klg eGg'x'G5–
;sfd sd{eGbf of]uL dxfg\ x'G5 lsgeg] s'g} klg cfzf /fv]/ ul/g] k"hf, cg'i7fg, o1eGbf of]uL
>]i7 x'G5 . of]usf] lgi7fsf] klxnf] ;t{ g} lgisfd x'g' xf] . of]un] eG5– cfzf, cfsfª\Iff / kmnsf]
ck]Iff Tofu clg dfq of]udf k|j]z x'G5 . ;sfd sd{ ;fwf/0f s'/f xf] hf] k|foM ;a}n] u/]sf x'G5g\ .
jf;gf / sfdgfaf6 x'g] s'g} klg cfof]hg eGbf of]u w]/} >]i7 5 lsgeg] ToxfF kmnsf] s'g} cfzf g}
x'Fb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f ch'{g ;sfdsdL{, zf:q1ftf / tk:jL gagL of]uL ag"g\ eGg] clek|fon]
eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltd|f] dg o'4 lhtf}+“, /fHo k|fKt xf];\ eGg] rfxG5≤ eg] klg ltd|f nflu ;sfd
kysf] ofqf plrt xf]Og . ltd|f nflu lgisfd sd{of]u g} pko'Qm xf] . zf:q k9]/ klg g s]xL
hflgG5 g t s]xL kfOG5 . ltd|f] :jod\sf] cg'ejeGbf 7'nf] 1fg s'g} 5}g . To;}n] ltdL of]uL ag .

nf]suLtf– 275
cWofo–^
ch{'g elg/x]sf 5g\– cfkmGtnfO{ df/]/ k|fKt x'g] /fHo;'veGbf t d cfkm}+“n] b'v kfP/
hª\un k:g' /fd|f] x'g] 5 . ch{'g o:tf] ljiffbsf cj:yfdf 5g\ . Iflqo c¿nfO{ ;tfpg] j[lQdf
lgi0fft x'g'k5{ cGoyf Iflqo x'g ;Sb}g . Iflqox¿ c¿nfO{ ;tfpg kfPgg\ eg] cfkm“}+nfO{ ;tfpg
yfN5g\ . To;}n] Iflqox¿n] a|f≈d0f of c¿eGbf klg w]/} tk:jLx¿ hGdfPsf 5g\ . ch{'gnfO{ klg
tk:of ;lhnf] x'GYof] / pgL of]uLeGbf tk:jL aGg ;Sy] . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ tLg s'/f
atfpg' eof]– ltdL ;sfd sdL{, zf:q1ftf of :jod\nfO{ ;tfpg]jfnf tk:jL klg aGg ;S5f} t/
oL tLg s'/feGbf klg of]u dxfg\ 5 . To;}n] ltdL of]uL ag .
of]lugfdlk ;j]{iff+ db\ut]gfGt/fTdgf .
>4fjfGeht] of] df+ ; d] o'Qmtdf] dtM ..$&..
;Dk"0f{ of]uLx¿df klg hf] cGt:s/0fdf d]/} lrGtg ub{5, hf] d]/} lbJo elQmdf ;+nUg 5, hf]
>4fjfg\ 5 / ddf g} ;dlk{t 5 Tof] g} d]/f] dtdf >]i7 of]uL xf] ..
5}6f}+“ cWofosf] clGtd Znf]s >4fdf k"/f ePsf] 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– >4fsf ;fy …dÚ df
;dlk{t of]uL k/d cj:yfdf pknAw x'G5g\ . hLjgsf] kL8faf6 kf/ kfpg dflg; of]usf] r]i6f ug{
;S5 . t/ of] t b'vaf6 kf/ kfpgsf nflu of]usf] ;xf/f lnPsf] 7x5{ . h;df lawfos >4f x'Fb}g
/ hf] hLjgsf] b'vaf6 kf/ kfpgsf nflu dfq of]usf] ;xf/f lnG5 pm k/dfTdfk|ltsf] >4fljgf klg
o; dfu{df nfUg ;S5 . o:tf] JolQmn] k/dfTdfk|flKtsf nflu nfdf] ofqf ug{'kg]{ x'G5 lsgeg]
k/dfTdfn] h'g ;xfotf lbg ;S5 Tof] p;nfO{ k|fKt x'Fb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] dk|lt >4fo'Qm eP/ ddf g} nLg x'G5 To;nfO{ d k/d >]i7 dfGb5' .
hf] cGt/ cfTdfb]lv g} lg/Gt/ dnfO{ eHb5 Tof] of]uL >]i7 xf] . hf] …dÚdf >4fk"j{s nfUb5 / k"/f
kl/>d u/] klg olb k/dfTdfsf] s[kf ePg eg] d kf/ x'g ;lSbgF eGg] hfGb5, Tof] g} k|e'df
pknAw x'G5 . o:tf] >4fo'Qm of]uLdf cxª\sf/ lgld{t x'g kfpFb}g . pm d]/f] PSnf] d]xgtn] s]xL x'g
;Sb}g eGg] hfGb5 . k/dfTdfsf] ;xf/fljgf s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . o:tf] lrQsf] åf/ ;b}j k/d zlQm
k|fKt ug{ v'Nnf x'G5 . hf] >4fjfg\ x'Fb}g p;sf nflu åf/ aGb x'G5 . pm d g} kof{Kt 5' eGg]
7fGb5 . >4fjfg\ JolQmsf ;a} åf/ v'Nnf x'G5g\ / ToxfF k/dfTdfnfO{ leq k|j]z ug]{ ;'lawf x'G5 .
>4fsf] cy{ deGbf w]/} lj/f6\ zlQm ;j{q df}h'b 5 / p;sf] ;xf/f / ;xfotfsf nflu
lg/Gt/ lgj]bg ul//xG5', d PSn} s]xL ug{ klg ;dy{ 5}g“ eGg] xf] . Tof] lj/f6\ zlQm d hlGdg'cl3
klg cl:tTjdf lyof] / cfh klg cl:tTjjfg\ 5 . d]/f] Åbosf] w8\sg p;}åf/f rN5 . d]/f] /utsf]
;~rfng p;}n] u5{ . d]/f] Zjf; p;}n] lnG5 / lbG5 . d]/f] d[To'kl5 dnfO{ p;}n] cfkm"df lkmtf{
af]nfP/ ;dflxt u5{ . p;n] dnfO{ hGd / hLjg lbG5 . ;f/f v]n p;}n] v]N5 / v]nfpF5 eg] d
s;/L oqf] ej;fu/ PSn} kf/ ug{ ;S5' .
>Ls[i0f of]usf] nfdf] rrf{kl5 >4fsf] s'/f atfpg'x'G5 . of]usf] cy{ d ug]{ 5' / >4fsf]
cy{ …dÚ af6 PSn} ;Dej 5}g eGg] xf] . t;y{ Tof] lj/f6\ zlQmsf] ;xof]u ljgf kf/ kfpg ;lsGg .
em§ x]bf{ of]u / >4f ljk/Lt h:tf] nfU5 . of]u;fwg ljlw JolQmn] ug]{ xf] t/ >4f k/dfTdfljgf
;Dej 5}g . of] cnu xf]Og lsgeg] ;fwgljlw h] ubf{ klg >4fk"j{s u/]sf] v08df p;sf] ;xof]u
k|fKt x'G5 . O;f/fx¿ k|fKt x'g yfN5g\ / an Pjd\ zlQm klg ldNb5 . >4fk"j{s rNg g;Sg]nfO{
klg k/dfTdfsf] O;f/f t ldN5 t/ p;sf] åf/ aGb ePsf sf/0f p;n] ;'Gg ;Sb}g . zlQm k|fKt t
x'G5 t/ 9f]sf aGb ePsfn] zlQm 9f]sfaf6 g} kmls{G5 . k/dfTdf ;xfotf t ;a}nfO{ lbG5g\ t/
>4fjfGf\n] dfq Tof] ;xfotf lng ;S5 . hf] >4f ub}{gg\ ltgLx¿n] Tof] ;xfotf lng kfpFb}gg\ .

nf]suLtf– 276
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>4fsf] cy{ k"0f{ ;dk{0f xf] . d ljzfn ;fu/df Ps yf]kf hn jf cl:tTj :j¿k ;fgf]eGbf ;fgf]
s0f x'F . of]u ;fwgljlw ubf{ klg ltdLn] ;xfotf lbPsfn] of] hfGg ;s]sf] 5' . o;k|sf/sf] >4f
ePdf ;fgf] lbof] klg ;"o{sf] a/fa/ zlQmjfg\ x'g] 5 . o:tf] ePdf ;fgf] c0f' klg k/d zlQmsf] cË
aG5 . xfdL PSn} x'Fb}gf}+ k/dfTdf ;b}j ;fydf x'G5 .
;]G6 6]l/;f Ps O;fO{ ;GGof;L x'g\ . pgL ;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf 7'nf] rr{ agfpg rfxlGyg\ .
To;}n] pgL ufpFdf uP/ rr{ agfpgsf nflu bfg dfUg yflng\ . tLg k};f bfg kfPkl5 rr{ aGg]
eof] eGb} pgL gfRg nflug\ . ufpFn]n] tLg k};fn] s;/L rr{ aG5, st} ltdL kfun t eOgf} eg] .
pgn] cfˆgf] tkm{af6 tLg k};f h'6fPkl5 afFsL k/dfTdfsf] sfd xf] elgg\ . xfdLaf6 h] ;Dej
lyof] Tof] eof] . ca afFsL sfd t k/dfTdfn] u5{ . h'g 7fpFdf ;]G6 6]l/;fn] eg]sL lyOg\, ToxfF
k[YjLdf >]i7 rr{x¿dWo] Ps Sofy]l8«n ag]sf] 5 . Tof] rr{sf] lznfdf n]lvPsf] 5– xfdL ufpFsf
dflg;x¿ TfL ul/a dlxnf;Fu xf¥of“}+ h;n] tLg k};f, …dÚ / k/dfTdf ldn]/ rr{ aGg] 5 eg]sL
lyOg\ . >4fsf] oxL cy{ xf] . >d / zlQm xfd|f] tLg k};feGbf a9L x'Fb}g . of]u xfd|f] hf] tLg
k};feGbf a9L 5}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] of]usf] s'/f ul/;s]kl5 cGtdf eGg'ePsf] 5– hf] >4fjfg\ 5
To;nfO{ d k/d >]i7 eGb5' .
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] cfTd;+odof]uf] gfd
ifi7f]˜WofoM ..^..

nf]suLtf– 277
cWofo–^

nf]suLtf– 278
 cWofo–&
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
;ftf}+ cWofo
1fglj1fgof]uM

>Leujfg'jfr
døof;QmdgfM kfy{ of]u+ o'~hGdbf>oM .
c;+zo+ ;du|+ df+ oyf 1f:ol; tR5[0f' ..!..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– x] kfy{ Û dgnfO{ …dÚdf k|]dn] cf;Qm u/fP/, d]/} z/0f k/]/ sd{of]udf
nfu]sf ltdL h'g k|sf/n] ;Dk"0f{ lje"lt, an, P]Zjof{lb u'0fx¿n] o'Qm ;a}sf] cfTd¿k dnfO{
;+zo/lxt hfGg ;S5f}, Tof] ;'g ..
hLjgk|lt k|Llts/ lgi7fsf] gfd wd{ xf] . hLjgk|lt :jLsf/ / c:jLsf/sf b'O{ b[li6sf]0f
x'G5g\ . cxª\sf/ x'g] JolQmsf] c:jLsf/sf] / ljgd| x'g] JolQmsf] :jLsf/sf] b[li6 x'G5 . :jLsf/sf]
b[li6 x'g] JolQm hLjgn] htf 8f]¥ofpF5 pt} 8f]l/G5 . k|]d klg b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5M Pp6f k|]ddf
cGosf] efj x'G5 To;}n] ToxfF km/skg /xG5 / bf];|f] k|]ddf cgGosf] efj x'G5 hxfF b''O{ ljlng
eP/ Ps dfq aR5 . k|]ddf b'O{ garL Psdfq ar]df oxL cgGo efjsf] k|]d xf] . b'O{ sfod ePdf
k|]d / b'O{ ljnLg ePdf k|fy{gf x'G5, k|fy{gf / k|]ddf oxL km/s x'G5, of] k|fy{gfsf] ;"q xf] . cgGo
efjsf] k|]d k/dfTdfk|lt dfq x'g ;S5, s'g} JolQmk|lt x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] k/dfTdf;Fusf] k|]d c;Ld
x'G5 . cgGo k|]ddf k]|o;L / k|]dL b'j} aRb}g s]jn k|]d dfq aR5 . o:tf] cgGo efjn] o'Qm ePsf]
JolQm g} eQm xf] .
hLjgdf snx jf cGt/lj/f]w gePsf] k|]d vf]Hg ufx|f] 5 . b'O{ JolQm k|]ddf kg]{lalQs}
snxsf] tof/L ;''? x'G5 lsgeg] hxfF d / csf]{ JolQm x'G5, ToxfF dflnskg / lx+;fsf] sf]l;; ;''?
x'G5 . cgGo efjdf s'g} dflnskg Pjd\ sf]xL tndfly x'Fb}g . cgGo efjdf g eQm g eujfg\\
s]jn elQm dfq /xG5 . h'g lbg o:tf] 36gf 36\5, ta x/]s 7fpF, x/]s lbzf, x/]s cg'xf/df
eujfg\\sf] cg'xf/ dfq b]lvG5 . s'g} 9'Ëf x'Fb}g h;df eujfg\\sf] d"lt{sf] :j¿k gxf];\, o:tf] s'g}
kmn x'Fb}g h'g g}j}B gagf];\ . ;a} s'/f p;s} x'G5 / pafx]s csf]{ sf]xL /xFb}g . >Ls[i0f cgGo
efjn] hf] dnfO{ k|]d u5{ pm …dÚ df g} Psfsf/ x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . s[i0f;Fu s'g} cxª\sf/ 5}g, pxfFsf]
…dÚ c;Ld 5 h;df ;f/f a|Xdf08 ;dflxt 5 . oyfy{df of] …dÚ lj/f6\ 5 / k"/f uLtf oxL …dÚ ;Fu
;DalGwt 5≤ To;}n] of] …dÚ hfg]kl5 uLtfnfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 . >Ls[i0fn] k/dfTdfsf] ¿kdf uLtfsf]
1fg k|bfg ug'{ePsf] xf] . s[i0f eujfg\sf] ¿kdf ch{'gnfO{ hf] cgGo efjn] d]/f] z/0fdf cfpF5,
pxL of]udf pknAw x'G5 / h;sf] lgi7f ;Gb]x/lxt eP/ …dÚ df k'Ub5, pm c;lGbUw 1fgdf k|fKt
x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . pxfFn] d]/f] z/0fdf cfpm eGg'sf] tfTko{ eujfg\sf] z/0fdf cfpm eGg'ePsf] xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] kfy{ Û dgnfO{ …dÚ df k|]dn] cf;Qm u/fP/ d}/} z/0f k/]df ;Dk"0f{ lje"lt, an,
PZjof{lb u'0fx¿n] o'Qm ;a}sf] cfTd¿k dnfO{ ;+zo/lxt hfGg ;Sg] 5f} .
lgi7f klg ;+zofTds / c;+zofTds u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5 . lj1fgsf] lgi7f ;+zofTds
lgi7f xf]≤ To;}n] lj1fgsf] vf]hsf nflu ;+zofTds lgi7f rflxG5 . wd{df k|j]z ug{' 5 eg]
c;+zofTds lgi7f rflxG5 . ;Gb]x/lxt lgi7f c;+zofTds lgi7f xf] . ;"o{ gpbfP klg c;+zofTds
lgi7f ePsf] JolQmn] ;"o{ t kSs} pbfPsf] 5, cfˆgf] cfFvfsf] s'g} ;d:ofn] gb]lvPsf] xf]nf eGg]
nf]suLtf– 279
cWofo–&
7fGb5 . ;+zojfg\ JolQm ;bf e'n c¿df vf]Hb5 t/ ;Gb]x/lxt JolQm e'n ;bf cfkm"df vf]Hb5 .
hLjgdf ;'v–b'v h] 36] klg ;+zo/lxt JolQmsf] lgi7fdf s'g} cGt/ kb}{g . b'v cfOkbf{ ;+zojfg\
JolQm k/dfTdfsf] s[kfsf] sdLn] b'v 36]sf] 7fGb5 t/ ;+zo/lxt JolQm cfˆg} e'nsf] sf/0f b'v
36]sf], k/dfTdfsf] s[kfdf s'g} sdL 5}g eGg] cg'e"lt ub{5 .
>Ls[i0f hf] lg;+zo eP/ …dÚ df lgi7f /fVb5, p;sf] leqsf] åf/ v'Nb5 eGg'x'G5 . cfh
lg;+zo lgi7fsf] s'/f k|foM c;Dej h:tf] nfUb5 . s[i0fsf] jrgdf ch{'gn] s'g} k|Zg p7fPgg\ .
ch{'g Tof] ;dosf ;j{>]i7 s'nLg, ;'lzlIft, ;Eo JolQmx¿dWo] Ps lyP . s[i0fn] w]/}k6s ;a}
5f]8]/ …dÚdf lgi7f /fv eGg' ePsf] 5 . ch{'gsf] dg r~rn eP klg pgn] s;/L xh'/dfly lgi7f
/fv"F eg]/ slxNo} k|Zg p7fPgg\ . ch{'gdf cfzª\sf gp7\g' / xfdLdf p7\g' lgi7fsf] sf/0fn] g+} xf] .
xfdLnfO{ o;f] u/]df t xfdL ld6\g]5f}+“ h:tf] nfU5 t/ s[i0fsf] lzIff g} xfdLnfO{ ld6fpg] lzIff xf] .
olb wd{sf] hut\\df k|j]z ug{' 5 eg] :jod\nfO{ d]6fpg] ;fdYo{ rflxG5 . olb xfdL cfkm"nfO{
arfpg rfxG5f}+“ eg] leq k|j]z ug{ ;Sb}gfF} . zª\sfaf6 kfOg] j:t'x¿df dg cfglGbt x'Fb}g . h'g
lbg cfzª\sfn] s]xL kfOFb}g eGg] nfU5 To; lbg dfq leqsf] dlGb/df k|j]z x'G5 . xfd|f] cfhsf]
o'u lj1fgsf] o'u xf]≤ To;}n] lzIffsf sf/0f xfdL k|Zg p7fpF5f} / cfzª\sf u5f}{+ . of] lzIff
lj1fgsf nflu h?/L 5 cGoyf lj1fg v8f klg x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] k"j{df lj1fg pleg ;s]g
lsgeg] h'g b]zdf uLtfdfly e/f];f ul/G5, Tof] b]z lj1fgdf k5fl8 kg]{ lglZrt 5 t/ klZrddf
lj1fgsf] ljsf; t eof] t/ cfzª\sfsf sf/0fn] wd{ ljnLg x'Fb} uof] .
klZrdn] ;Gb]x u/]/ aflx/sf w]/} s'/fx¿ t kfof] t/ leq hfg] åf/ aGb u¥of] . ;Gb]x
gugf{n] xfdLn] aflx/sf w]/} s'/fx¿ u'dfP klg >4f u/]/ leqsf] åf/ v'Nnf /fVg ;dy{ ePsf 5f}F .
1fgL JolQmx¿ eGb5g\– leq k'u]kl5 k/d cfgGb k|fKt x'G5, hxfF 8'a]/ sf]xL aflx/ cfpg rfxFb}g .
pd/ v}ofd hf] Ps ;'kmL kmls/ x'g\ pgn] ToxL gzf, /S;L / a]xf];Lsf] uLt ufPsf x'g\ .
JolQmx¿n] pgL /S;L lkpg] :yfgsf] s'/f ub}{ 5g\ eGg] ;Dem] t/ pgL leqL dw'zfnf cyf{t\
k/dfTdfsf] gzfsf] s'/f ub}{ 5g\ . leqsf] åf/ >4fn] dfq v'Nb5 h'g c;+zofTds lgi7f xf] t/
xfd|f] lzIf0f lj1fgsf] ePsfn] xfd|f] dg ;w“+} ;Gb]x u/]/ k|Zg p7fpF5 . ch{'gsf] ;dodf lj1fgsf]
geO{ wd{sf] lzIf0f lyof] . To;}n] ch{'gn] s'g} ;Gb]xsf] k|Zg p7fPgg\ . uLtfsf] ej;fu/df k|j]z
ug{sf nflu o:t} c;+zofTds dg rflxG5 . of] ;+zon] el/Psf] lrQnfO{ c;+zosf] cj:yfdf
k'¥ofpgsf nflu ;ÍNk u/]/ yfSg h?/L x'G5 . ;+zo u/]/ klg s]xL kfOFb}g eGg] cg'ej ePkl5
dfq c;+zosf] cj:yfdf k'Ug ;lsG5 h'g leqsf] dlGb/df k|j]z ug]{ klxnf] ;t{ xf] . >Ls[i0f k"/f
lg;+zoL eP/ d]/f s'/f ;'g clg dfq ltdLnfO{ Tof] /x:o vf]N5' hf] a'l4sf] nflu xf]Og s]jn
Åbosf] ;dIf dfq vf]Ng ;lsG5 eGg'x'G5 . of] cfGtl/s ;To cgGo efjsf] k|]dsf] bzfdf dfq
eGg ;lsG5 . cgGo k|]ddf h:tf];'s} 3ft klg :jLsfo{ x'G5 .
k/dfTdfk|ltsf] cf;lQm g} k"0f{ cf;lQm xf] . cf;lQm clnslt klg cGoq /Xof] eg] Tof]
k/dfTdfk|lt k|]d / elQm x'g ;Sb}g . k/dfTdf ;j{:j cl:tTj xf] h;n] ;a}nfO{ 3]/]/, ;a}sf] leq
n's]/ a;]sf] 5 . Tof] lg/fsf/ / c¿k|lt cfslif{t x'g] JolQm g} leqsf] cJolQmk|lt cfslif{t x'G5 .
k/dfTdfk|ltsf] cf;lQmk"0f{ k|]d g} elQm xf] . >Ls[i0f k/dfTdflt/ pGd'v x'g ;S5f} eg] ltdL d]/f]
s'/f ;'g eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] pxfF h] eGg uO/xg' ePsf] 5 Tof] k/dfTdflt/ ljd'v x'g] JolQmn] ;'Gg
;Sb}g . ch{'g k/dfTdflt/ pGd'v xf]pmg\ eGg] s[i0f rfxg'x'G5 . t/ ch{'gsf] pGd'vtf o'4af6
s;/L aRg] eGg] 5 . pgL lx+;f /f]Sg Pjd\ s'g} a|Xd1fgsf nflu s[i0fsxfF uPsf klg xf]Ogg\ .

nf]suLtf– 280
 cWofo–&
ch{'gsf] OR5fn] geO{ >Ls[i0f cfkm} pgnfO{ a|Xd1fg lbFb} x'g'x'G5 lsgeg] s[i0f;Fu h] 5 pxfF ToxL
lbg ;Sg'x'G5 . olb sf]xL cd[tsf] ;fu/;dIf ljif lng uof] eg] klg cd[t g} kfpF5 . ch{'gn] t
s[i0f;dIf Pp6f ;fgf] k|Zg dfq /fv]sf lyP To;af6 oqf] dxfg\ cd[t¿kL uLtf pknAw x'G5 /
s[i0f oqf] 1fgsf] ulx/fOdf pgnfO{ lnP/ hfg'x'g] 5 eg]/ pgn] ;f]r]sf klg lyPgg\ . s[i0fn] eGg'
ePsf uxg s'/f ch{'g s[i0ftkm{ pGd'v eP dfq a'‰g ;Sg] 5g\ . To;}n] t pxfF cgGo k|]defjn]
…dÚ k|lt k/fo0f eP/ ;'g eGg'x'G5 .
1fg+ t]˜x+ ;lj1fgldb+ jIofDoz]iftM .
oH1fTjf g]x e"of]˜GoH1ftJodjlziot] ..@..
…dÚ ltdLnfO{ /x:do lj1fg;lxt tŒj1fg k"0f{ ¿kn] atfpF5' h'g hfg]kl5 ltdLn] hfGg'kg]{ s'g}
s'/f z]if /xF+b}g ..
w]/} s'/f hfg] klg cem hfGg'kg]{ s'/f z]if /xG5 t/ :jod\nfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfg]df c¿
hfGg'kg]{ s]xL z]if /xb}g . pklgifb\df Pp6f k|l;4 syf 5– Zj]ts]t' u'?s'naf6 3/ kmls{P .
To;a]nf pgL k|rlnt !* zf:qsf ;Dk"0f{ 1fg lnP/ cfPsf lyP . lktf klg d]/f cufl8 s]xL
hfGg'x'Gg eGg] pgdf cxª\sf/ lyof] . lktf p2fnsn] cxª\sf/n] el/Psf] 5f]/fnfO{ s] ltdLn] ;a}
hfg]/ cfof} eg]/ k|Zg ug{'eof] . Zj]ts]t'n] eg]– d lglZrt ¿kdf ;a} zf:qdf cAan bhf{df
pQL0f{ eP/ cfPsf] 5' . lktfn] k'gM s] ltdLn] Tof] klg hfGof} h'g Ps hfg]kl5 ;a} hflgG5 eg]/
;f]w] . Zj]ts]t' c;d~h;df k/] / eg] ;Dk"0f{ zf:qdf To:tf] s'g} ljifo 5}g hf] hfg]kl5 ;a}
hflgG5 . d t ToxL s'/f hfg]/ cfPsf] 5' hf] hfg]kl5 p;}nfO{ hflgG5 . p2fnsn] eg]– ltdL 1fgL
eP/ kmls{Psf 5f}+, ltdLn] zf:q t a'‰of} t/ 1fgsf] ls/0f clxn] ltd|f] hLjgdf km'6]sf] 5}g .
To;}n] hfpm / Tof] hfg]/ cfpm, h'g Ps hfg]kl5 hfGgnfO{ s]xL klg z]if /xFb}g . Zj]ts]t' kmls{P/
uP / pgn] u'¿;Fu lktfn] eg]sf] s'/f ;f]w] . pgsf u'?n] eg] Tof] t ltdL :jod\\ xf} / ltdLn]
cfkm"nfO{ hfGg' g} Tof] PsnfO{ hfGg' xf] . ltdLn] slxNo} klg d sf] x'F eg]/ ;f]w]gf}, ha;Dd ltdL
:jod\\nfO{ hfGb}gf}, ta;Dd cfTd1fg kfpFb}gf} . :jod\\nfO{ hfg]kl5 ;a} hflgG5 / To;kl5 hfGgsf
nflu s]xL z]if /xFb}g .
>Ls[i0fn] ;Tosf] af/]df atfp5' geg]/ :jod\sf] /x:osf af/]df atfpF5' eGg'eof] lsgeg]
o;nfO{ phfu/ ug{ ;To zAb ;fgf] x'G5 . ;To hlt;'s} eg] klg o;nfO{ hfg]sf] bfaL ug{
;lsGg . /x:osf] cy{ :jod\nfO{ hfg]kl5 cfk"m ljnLg eP/ ;To dfq afFsL /xg] 5 eGg] xf] . Tof]
/x:odf hlt leq k|j]z u¥of] plt g} c;Lldttf af]s]sf] gofF /x:o kfOG5 . To;}n] s[i0fn] /x:o
zAb k|of]u ug{'ePsf] xf] . ;Gtx¿n] ;w+}“ ;Tosf] bfaf xf]Og /x:osf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\ t/
bfz{lgsx¿n] ;Tosf] bfaf u/]/ ;Tosf] xTof u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] wd{ / bz{gdf km/s eg]sf] wd{
/x:osf] / bz{gzf:q ;Tosf] vf]h xf] . bz{gzf:q ts{, lgisif{ / lgiklQ lgsfNgdf ;+nUg x'G5
eg] ;Gt ;a} lgiklQnfO{ tf]8]/ Tof] cgGt c1ftdf 8'a'NsL nufpg ;+nUg x'G5g\ . /x:ojfbLx¿
eGb5g\– 1fgsf] 3f]if0ff ltd|f] c1fgsf] k|df0f xf] . olb ltdLn] jf:tjdf g} hfGof} eg] ltdL hfGg]
bfaf g} ug]{ 5}gf} . ;To olt ljzfn 5 ls ltdL sxfF 5f} eg]/ yfxf kfpg klg ;lsGg . hlt
xfdLn] hfg] klg Tof] c1ft g} /xG5 . Tof] c1ft hf] z]if /xG5≤ ToxL /x:o xf] .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– …dÚ ;a} ltdLnfO{ eG5', h] eGg ;lsG5 Tof] klg / h] eGg
;lsGg Tof] klg eG5' t/ s:tf] cefuL 5 xfd|f] dg Û s[i0f ha zAbdf eGg'x'G5, ta ch{'gn]
a'‰b}gg\ . ha k"/f k|s6 x'g'x'G5, ta ch{'g eGb5g\ aGb ug{'xf];\, of] ¿knfO{ /f]Sg'xf];\ lsgeg] d]/f]

nf]suLtf– 281
cWofo–&
dg tl;{G5 / k|f0f sfFKg yfNb5 . To;}n] of] lj/f6\ ¿k g} lkmtf{ lng'xf];\ . xfdL ;'g]/ jf b]v]/
a'‰b}gf}“ . s[i0fsf] s¿0ff ckl/ldt / c;Lldt 5 lsgeg] pxfF xfd|f] cj:yfnfO{ hfg]/ klg c;Dej
k|of; ul//xg' x'G5 . >Ls[i0f Tof] s'/f atfpg rfxg'x'G5 h'g s'/f hfg]kl5 ;a} hflgG5, Tof]
clgj{r{gLo k/d cflv/L ;To h'g hfg]kl5 c¿ hfGg a'‰g s]xL z]if /xFb}g . pxfF ;a} tfNrf v'Ng]
/x:odoL ;fFrf] k|bfg ug{ rfxg'x'G5 .
dg'iof0ff+ ;x;|]if' slZrBtlt l;4o] .
ottfdlk l;4fgf+ slZrGdf+ j]lQ tŒjtM ..#..
xhf/f“}+ dflg;x¿dWo] s'g} Ps hgfn] of]ul;l4sf nflu cyf{t\ d]/f] k|flKtsf nflu k|oTg ub{5 .
To:t} tL l;l4sf nflu k|oTg ug]{x¿dWo] klg s'g} Psn] dfq d]/f] k/fo0f eP/ tŒjk"j{s dnfO{
hfGb5 ..
k|e'sf] ofqf ;/n / ;jf{lws sl7g klg 5 . o;sf/0f ;/n 5 ls h;nfO{ kfpg' 5
p;nfO{ xfdLn] ;bf kfO/x]sf g} 5f}+“ / h;nfO{ vf]Hg' 5 j:t'tM To;nfO{ xfdLn] slxNo} klg x/fPsf
5}gf“}+ . lg/Gt/ xfdLdf, xfd|f] Zjf;df / xfd|f] Åbosf] k|To]s w8\sgdf pxL /x]sf] 5 . k|e'sf]
tkm{af6 s'g} klg afwf gx'gfn] pxfFnfO{ kfpg ;/n 5 . ;fy} k|e'nfO{ kfpg sl7g klg 5 .
dg'iosf tkm{af6 w]/} sl7gfO 5g\ t/ k|e'sf tkm{af6 eg] s'g} klg sl7gfO 5}g . p;sf] dlGb/sf]
åf/ ;bf v'Nnf 5 t/ xfdL To; dlGb/sf] ljk/Lt lbzfdf a;]sf 5f}+“ / ljk/Lt lbzftkm{ g}
bf}l8/x]sf 5f“}+ . xhf/f}+“ hGd bf}8]/ klg xfdL Tof] dlGb/df k|j]z ug{ ;Sg] 5}gf}+“ t/ h'g lbg xfdL
k"/f kms]{/ x]g{] 5f}{“ ta Tof] dlGb/ ToxLF ePsf] kfpg] 5f}F hxfFaf6 xfdLn] bf}8g ;'? u/]sf lyof}“+ .
dg'iosf tkm{af6 k|e'sf] ofqf sl7g 5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f s/f]8f}Fdf sf]xL Ps To;tk{m ofqf
u5{ / Tof] k|of; ug]{ s/f]8f}Fdf klg sf]xL Ps dfq …dÚ df pknAw x'G5, ToxL Ps dk|lt k/fo0f eO{
;dlk{t ePsf] JolQm …dÚ df pknAw x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . k/dfTdf hLjg, cd[t / cfgGb xf] . tyflk
s/f]8f}d +“ f s'g} Ps JolQmn] dfq k|of; ug{'sf] klxnf] sf/0f t hf] xfdLnfO{ ;bf pknAw 5 o;sf
nflu lsg k|of; ug{' eGg] efjgfn] ubf{ g} xf] . ;fu/sf] df5fn] ;a} s'/f vf]h] klg ;fu/nfO{
vf]Hb}g . To;}df hGdG5, afFR5 / ;dfKt x'G5 t/ p;nfO{ ;fu/ 5 eGg] cg'e"lt klg x'Fb}g . dg'io
k/dfTdfeGbf slxNo} klg cnu x'Fb}g . dg'io hxfF uP klg ;j{q k/dfTdfsf] pkl:ylt x'G5 .
To;}n] dg'ion] k/dfTdfsf] ljifodf ;f]Rg 5fl8lbG5 . xfd|f] Pp6f bfFt efFlrbf cgfof; lha|f]
Tot}lt/ hfG5 . dgsf] ulx/f] lgodfg';f/ hf] xfdLnfO{ pknAw x'G5, To;sf] vf]hL xfdL 5f]l8lbG5f“}
/ hf] pknAw 5}g To;sf] xfdL vf]h ub{5f}+“ . To;}n] k/dfTdfnfO{ vf]Hg'k5{ eGg] jf:tljstf;Fu
klg xfdL cgle1 x'G5f“}+ lsgeg] pxfF t oqtq ;j{q df}h'b x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] s/f]8f“}+df Ps JolQm
k/dfTdfsf] vf]hdf lgl:sG5 . olb k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg' 5 eg] h] xfdL;Fu 5 To;sf] ljrf/ u/L
xfdL;Fu gePsf] vf]h aGb ug{'kb{5, ta xfdL klg Tof] s/f]8df Ps aGg yfNg] 5f“}+ . ha cfkm";Fu
h] 5}g, To;sf] lrGtf 5f8L h] 5 To;;Fu k"/f cfgGbn] afFRg l;S5f}+“, ta xfdL k/dfTdfsf] vf]hsf]
;xL lbzfdf lglSnPsf] 7xg]{ 5 .
k/dfTdfsf] ofqfsf nflu xfd|f] dgsf] 9Ë kl/jt{g ug{'k5{ . Pp6f 3/ agfpg'cl3 dg
cg]sf}+ sNkgf ;hfpF5 t/ ha 3/ aG5 / ToxfF a:g yflnG5, ta 3/nfO{ dgn] k"/} e'N5 . dg
k/]sf] s'/f k|fKt ePkl5 To;nfO{ dgn] e'Nb5 lsgeg] of] dgsf] lgod xf] . k/dfTdf t kfOPs} 5,
To;}n] o;nfO{ e'Ng' dgsf] lgodleq g} k5{ . dgsf] lgod kl/jt{g u/L vfN8f]lt/ geO{ kxf8lt/
bf}8fpg ;''? ug{'kb{5 . h] kfOPsf] 5 To;df k|;Gg / ;Gt'i6 x'g'sf ;fy} k|e'nfO{ wGojfb

nf]suLtf– 282
 cWofo–&
lbg'kb{5 . h] 5}g To;sf] vf]hL /f]s]df rfF8} g} k/dfTdfsf] vf]h ;''? x'G5 . To;}n] h;n]
k/dfTdfsf] vf]hdf ;Gtf]ifnfO{ clgjfo{ agfPsf 5g\ To;sf] sf/0f klg o; ;"qdf /x]sf] 5 .
;Gtf]if cfkm“}+df s'g} d"Nosf] x'Fb}g lsgeg] sdhf]/, sfo/ / eoeLt JolQm hf] r'gf}tL lngaf6
8/fpF5 To:tf] JolQm klg ;Gt'i6 b]lvg ;S5 . t/ jf:tljs ;Gtf]ifLsf] hLjgdf k|fKt x'g] b'v g}
k/dfTdfsf] ofqfdf hfg ;xof]uL x'G5 . o:tf] ;Gtf]ifL hLjgdf h] pknAw 5, To;df ;Gt'i6 x'g'sf
;fy} k/dfTdfk|lt cg'u|lxt klg x'G5g\ . o:tf] ;Gtf]ifLdf k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg Pp6f gofF k|;j kL8f
;'? x'G5 . To;}n] ;Gtx¿n] k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg] Pp6f ;"qsf] ¿kdf ;Gtf]ifnfO{ lnPsf 5g\ .
;Gtf]ilf JolQm cfkm"leq ulx/fOdf /x]sf] dxf/;sf] vf]h ;''? u5{ . To;}n] s/f]8df Ps JolQm
h;;Fu ;sf/fTds ;f]r 5, pm To;sf] vf]hdf lgl:sG5 .
xfdLx¿ t ;a} gsf/fTds ;f]rsf JolQm xf}+“ . xfdLnfO{ ;'vsf] klg hfgsf/L ta x'G5 ha
b'vsf] k|j]z / ;'v lt/f]lxt x'g] cj:yf x'G5 . k|]dsf af/]df klg k|]dsf] lbof] lgEg nfu]kl5 dfq
1ft x'G5 . ha sf]xL d5{, ta dfq pm klg lyof] eGg] cfef; x'G5 . lktf hLljt x'Fbf 5f]/fnfO{
ofb} x'Fb}g / h'g lbg d[To' x'G5, To;} lbg lktfsf] sdLsf] cfef; x'G5 . hf] 5}g Tof] xfd|f nflu
dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 / h] 5 Tof] u}/dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . To;}n] h] 5 Tof] xfdLnfO{ :d[lt gx'Fbf k/dfTdf
xfdL;Fu clt lgs6 eP/ klg lj:d/0f ePsf] 5 . To;}n] s/f]8df sf]xL Ps p;sf] vf]hdf
lgl:sG5 . lawfos ;f]rsf] JolQm p;sf] vf]hdf lgl:sg ;S5 . To;}n] h] 5 To;nfO{ x]g{ / h]
5}g, To;nfO{ e'Ng ;''? ug'{k5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– s/f]8f}Fdf sf]xL Ps JolQm k|e'sf] vf]hdf
lgl:sG5g\ lsgeg] s/f]8f}Fdf s'g} Pssf] dfq lawfos lrQ x'G5 . ;Gb]xn] el/Psf] lrQ gsf/fTds
x'G5 / >4fn] el/Psf] lrQ lawfos x'G5 . lawfos lrQ ePsf] JolQm k|e'sf] vf]hLdf lg:sG5 .
s/f]8f}+“df Ps JolQm k|of; u/]kl5 k/dfTdfdf pknAw x'G5 . ToxL Ps JolQmn] dfq ;dk{0f
ub{5 / afFsL JolQmx¿ ;ª\sNk ub{5g\ t/ ;dk{0f ub}{gg\ . s/f]8f}+“df s'g} Ps JolQmn] eGb5– k|e' Û
ltdLnfO{ vf]Hg] d]/f] s'g} ;fdYo{ / zlQm klg 5}g . ltdLn] g} olb dnfO{ vf]Hof} eg] dfq ldng x'g
;S5 cGoyf d ltdLnfO{ vf]Hg c;dy{ 5' . c¿ s/f]8f“}+ JolQmx¿ k|e' vf]hdf klg cl:dtf,
cxª\sf/;Fu} lnP/ lgl:sG5g\ / k|e'nfO{ kfP/} 5f]8\5f}+ eGg] ;ª\sNk ub{5g\ . To;sf lglDt ;fwgf,
of]u / Wofg u5{g\ t/ cxª\sf/ eg] ;fydf g} /xG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf xfdL k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fy{gf
xf]Og k/dfTdf;Fu ;+3if{ ul//x]sf x'G5f“}+ . cxª\sf/nfO{ 5f]8]/ k|of; ug]{ ToxL s/f]8df Ps JolQm
dfq nIodf k'Ub5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] d]/f] r/0fdf z/0ffut x'G5 To:tf] JolQmsf] lz/
d]/ftkm{ ;dlk{t eP/ em's]sf] x'G5 . >Ls[i0fsf r/0fdf z/0ffult ug{' eg]sf] cxª\sf/nfO{ lj;h{g
u/]/ em'Sg l;Sg' xf] . lawfos / ;dlk{t dg g} ToxfF k'Ug] ;t{ xf] . k/dfTdfsf] tkm{af6 s'g} afwf
5}g t/ dg'iosf tkm{af6 afwf eg]sf] gsf/fTds dg / cxª\sf/n] el/Psf] efj xf] . oL b'O{nfO{
kf/ ug{ h?/L 5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0f s/f]8fF}df Ps JolQm k|of;kZrft\ …dÚ df pknAw x'G5 eGg'x'G5 .
e"ld/fkf]˜gnf] jfo'M v+ dgf] a'l4/]j r .
cxÍf/ OtLo+ d] leGgf k|s[lt/i6wf ..$..
x] ch'{g Û k[YjL, hn, clUg, jfo', cfsfz, dg, a'l4 / cxª\sf/ oL cf7 d]/f leGg–leGg
ef}lts zlQmx¿ k|s[lt x'g\ ..
k~rdxfe"tn] hut\\ ag]sf] ;j{JofkL dfGotf 5 / >Ls[i0f klg k~rtŒjsf] g} s'/f ug{'x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f k|s[ltnfO{ cf7 lx:;fdf ljefhg ug{'x'G5 . k[YjL, hn, jfo', clUg, cfsfz k~rdxfe"t
x'g\ . j}1flgsx¿ !)* tŒjx¿ 5g\ eGb5g\ . olb ulxl/P/ x]g]{ xf] eg] Ps tŒj dfq x'G5, !)*

nf]suLtf– 283
cWofo–&
tŒj t To;sf k|sf/ x'g\ . Tof] Ps tŒj ljB't\ xf] eGg] pgLx¿sf] egfO 5 . h'g JolQmx¿ cGt;\
cg'e"ltsf] ulx/fOdf plqG5g\ pgLx¿nfO{ clUgtŒjsf] ;fIffTsf/ x'G5 . hlt leq ulx/f]df JolQm
k|j]z u5{ plQ g} xhf/f}+ ;"o{ plqP h:tf] k|sfz b]lvg yfNb5 . Wofgdf k|sfzsf] cg'ej
cGt/\udgsf] ;"rgf xf] . of] lj/f6\ clUgsf] cg'ej cGt;\sf] cg'ej xf] . hLjgsf] ;d:t ¿k
clUgsf] g} ¿k xf] . ca t j}1flgsx¿ s] klg dfGb5g\ eg] leq rn]sf] clS;8fOh];g g} clUg xf]
hf] k"/f ;do ;f;af6 clS;hg leq uP/ hLjgHof]lt hnfO/x]sf] x'G5 . Pp6f lbof]sf] aQL
9flslbg] xf] eg] s]xL ;dodf clS;hg ;lsP/ aQL lgEb5 . lbof]n] h:t} dg'io klg a? cfFwL
e]mNg ;S5 t/ clS;hgsf] sdLnfO{ e]mNg ;Sb}g . olb xfd|f] ;Dk"0f{ z/L/nfO{ Knfl:6sn] 5f]lklbg]
xf] eg] gfs aGb gu/] klg xfdL !)–!% ldg]6 eGbf a9L afFRg ;Sb}gf}F lsgeg] xfd|f] k|To]s /f}+n]
Zjf; lnO/x]sf] x'G5 h;n] leq xfd|f] k|f0f clUg hnfpF5 . clUgsf] hNg] k|lqmof h:t} xfd|f] hLjg
rNg] k|lqmof klg To:t} x'G5 . clUg hLjgsf] ;d:t tŒjdf x'G5, lsgeg] clUg hLjgsf] cfwf/e"t
tŒj xf] . cfh lj1fgsf] vf]hn] h;nfO{ ljB't\ eg]sf] 5 ;gftg dxlif{n] To;nfO{ clUg dfg]sf
lyP . ljB't\ klg clUgs} ¿k xf] .
clUg d"n tŒj xf] / k[YjL clUgsf] Ps ¿k xf] . clUgsf] klxnf] ¿k 7f];, bf];|f] ¿k hn /
t];|f] ¿k jfo' xf] . lj1fgn] 7f];, t/n / UofF; -jfo'_ kbfy{sf tLg l:yltx¿ x'G5g\ eg]sf] 5 .
k|To]s cl:tTjjfg\ lrhx¿ tLg ¿kdf k|s6 x'G5g\ . k[YjLnfO{ cfh lj1fgn] 7f]; (Solid) eGb5 .
cfhsf] ;dodf k[YjLeGbf 7f]; cGo s'/f 5}g To;}n] of] k|tLsfTds zAb xf] . To:t} hnh:tf]
k|jfxdfg cGo s'g} s'/f x'Fb}g . To;}n] hneGbf pko'Qm k|tLs s'g} s'/f x'g ;Sb}g . To:t} jfo'eGbf
Hofbf cfsfzLo tŒj c¿ s'g} x'g ;Sb}g . clUg d"n tŒj xf] . clUg ha k|s6 x'G5 ta 7f];,
hnLo / Uof;sf ¿kdf k|s6 x'G5 . clUgnfO{ k|s6 x'g h'g :yfg rflxG5 Tof] cfsfz xf] .
cfsfzsf] cy{ :k]; (Space) xf] h;df cjsfz ldN5 . s'g} klg j:t' x'gnfO{ b'O{ cfofd ;do /
:yfg rflxG5 . cfOG:6fOgeGbf cl3 ;do / :yfgnfO{ b'O{ dflgGYof] . pgn] ;do / :yfg b'O{
xf]Ogg\ Ps} s'/fsf b'O{ kIf x'g\ eg]/ k|dfl0ft u/] . >Ls[i0fn] xhf/f}F jif{cl3 ;donfO{ :yfgsf] Ps
lx:;f dfg]/ To;nfO{ cnu ¿kdf eGg'ePg . k~rdxfe"tsf] wf/0ffg';f/ vfnLkgsf nflu cfsfz,
cl:tTjsf nflu cfwf/e"t clUg / k|s6 cl:tTjsf nflu tLg ¿k k[YjL, hn / jfo' x'g\ . s[i0fn]
atfpg' ePsf k~rdxfe"tdf j}1flgs b[li6sf]0f klg 5 .
clUg hLjgsf] cfwf/e"t tŒj x'gfn] b]jtf dfg]/ o; ;+;f/df clUgsf] k"hf ug{ yflnPsf]
xf] . ;+;f/sf k|foM ;a} wd{x¿ clUgnfO{ k"hf ub{5g\ . kf/;Lx¿ cfˆgf] dlGb/df rf}la;} 306f clUg
k|Hjlnt u5{g\ . clUgaf6 hLjgsf] ;a} ¿k ljsl;t x'G5 . clUgsf tLg k|s6 ¿k 5g\– 7f];,
hnLo / Uof;Lo . :yfg / ;do hxfF ldn]sf] 5 Tof] cfsfz xf] . k~rdxfe"taf6 k|s[lt ag]sf] 5,
>Ls[i0fn] cGo tLg cGt/\ ¿ksf] s'/f u/]/ o;nfO{ cf7 atfpg'ePsf] xf] . tL tLg dg, a'l4 /
cxª\sf/ x'g\ . oL cf7df klxnf] k[YjL / clGtd cxª\sf/ xf] . k[YjL ;a}eGbf :y"n / cxª\sf/
;a}eGbf ;"Id lrh xf] . leqsf] ofqfdf /xg] dg xf], dgsf] cy{ ;r]tgf / xfdLleqsf] dgg zlQm
xf] . a'l4 dgsf] ljz]if ¿k xf], s]jn dgg dfq xf]Og ts{o'Qm lrGtgsf] gfd klg a'l4 xf] . ha
s'g} k'?if w]/} a'l4sf] pkof]u u5{, ta leq w]/} ;"Idtd lrhsf] hGd x'G5 / ToxL cxª\sf/ xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] cf7 tŒjaf6 d}n] ;f/f k|s[lt /r]sf] x'F . oL cf7 tŒj k|s[ltnfO{ hfg]/
logaf6 kf/ x'g] dg'ion] dfq dnfO{ hfGg ;Sg] 5g\ . oL cf7sf ;fy ha;Dd sf]xL x'G5, ta;Dd
;+;f/df x'G5 / o;af6 kf/ ePkl5 k/dfTdf cyf{t\ s[i0f tŒjdf k'Ub5 . ;jf{lws sl7gfO

nf]suLtf– 284
 cWofo–&
cxª\sf/;Fu x'G5 lsgeg] of] ;"Id x'G5 . xfjfnfO{ a? jzdf /fVg ;lsPnf t/ cxª\sf/nfO{ jzdf
/fVg lgs} sl7g x'G5 . xfjf rNbf p;sf] em8\sf nfUg ;S5 t/ cxª\sf/ rNbf p;sf] :kz{ klg
yfxf x'Fb}g . To;}n] cxª\sf/af6 p7\g sl7g x'G5 lsgeg] of] olt ;"Id 5, h] u¥of] To;df g} k|j]z
u5{ . Tofu u/]df p;sf k5fl8 g} pleG5 / eG5– d}n] Tofu / ;dk{0f u/]+“ . k|fy{gfdf eG5– d
slt wfld{s 5' . Tof] …dÚ k|To]s sd{sf k5fl8 pleG5 / hxfF xfdL x'G5f}+“, pm ToxLF k'U5 . ha;Dd
…dÚ x'G5, ta;Dd cxª\sf/ klg ;fy} x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fsf] o; ljefhgdf ;a}eGbf 7'nf] s'/f k[YjL / ;"Id s'/f cxª\sf/ xf] . ;j{k|yd
kbfy{af6 d'Qm x'g}k5{ lsgeg] kbfy{sf] ;"Id¿k cxª\sf/ xf] . afXo kbfy{ / leqL kbfy{sf] ¿k
clUgs} ¿k xf] . dgg a'l4 / xfdLleq h] rln/x]sf] 5 Tof] ;a} clUgs} ¿k xf] t;y{ k/dfTdflt/
ofqf ubf{ k|s[ltsf ;"Id¿k eGbf dfly p7\g'k5{ . >Ls[i0f of] k|s[ltsf] cf7 lx:;f d}n] /r]sf] x'F
eGg'x'G5 . h] /lrG5 / aG5 Tof] k|s[lt xf] / hf] /lrFb}g, aGb}g, agfpg Pjd\ l;lh{g ;lsGg Tof]
k/dfTdf xf] . afNojodf cxª\sf/ x'Fb}g t/ la:tf/} lgld{t x'g yfN5≤ a'l4 klg kl5 dfq k}bf x'G5 .
dg, a'l4 / cxª\sf/ oL tLg}j6f k|s[lt x'g\, oLeGbf k/ cl;lh{t k/dfTdf 5 . hf] oL cf7
k|s[lteGbf dfly x'G5 p;nfO{ dfq k/dfTdf bz{g x'G5 .
ck/]oldt:TjGof+ k|s[lt+ ljl4 d] k/fd\ .
hLje"tf+ dxfafxf] oo]b+ wfo{t] hut\\ ..%..
x] dxfafx' Û oL cf7 k|s[lt h;nfO{ …ck/fÚ elgG5 tL h8 x'G5g\ . oLafx]s ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿df
hLj¿kn] /xg] r]tg zlQm …k/fÚ x'g\ . …k/fÚ cyf{t\ r]tg zlQmn] g} …ck/fÚ cyf{t\ h8¿k ;+;f/nfO{
pkef]u jf wf/0f ub{5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– oL ci6fË k|s[ltnfO{ …ck/fÚ elgG5 . ck/f eGgfn] h8 / lgDg eGg]
a'lemG5 . o;eGbf dfly …d]/f]Ú Tof] k|s[lt 5 h;nfO{ …k/fÚ elgG5 . Pp6} lsgf/fdf Psfkl§ oL cf7
k|s[lt 5g\ / csf]{ lsgf/fdf d 5' . cf7 k|s[lteGbf d]/f] k/fzlQm dfly 5 lsgeg] d logLx¿nfO{
kf/ ub{5' . oL cf7 k|s[lteGbf dfly Tof] r}tGo 5, x] ch{'g Û ;a}nfO{ wf/0f ug]{jfnf ;jf]{Rr zlQm
g} …k/fÚ xf] . h'g r]tgo'Qm 5 ToxL wd{ xf]≤ o;n] g} ;a}nfO{ ;+/If0f u/]sf] 5 . of] ljzfn a|Xdf08
k/fzlQms} lj:tf/ xf] . ;d:t of]usf] ;f/ g} Tof] k/fnfO{ lrGg] k|lqmof xf] . z/L/ kbfy{, dg
ljrf/x¿sf] hf]8, a'l4 clUgsf] ;"Idtd ¿k / cxª\sf/ :jlgld{t wf/0ff ePsfn] logLx¿ ;a}
ck/f zlQm x'g\ . oyfy{df k/fzlQm o;eGbf dfly / cnu ;a}sf] ;fIfL efjdf x'G5 . xfdL cfˆgf]
z/L/sf] ;fIfL x'g ;S5f}F . xfd|f] z/L/sf] s'g} Ps cË jf ;a} efu sfl6P klg …xfdLÚ plQs} /xG5f}F .
s]jn z/L/df sdL x'G5 t/ xfd|f] cl:tTjdf s'g} cGt/ x'Fb}g . aflx/sf] Ps åf/ 6'lqmg ;S5 t/
leqsf] k"0f{tfdf s'g} cGt/ x'Fb}g lsgeg] leq s'g} lrh sf6]/ sfl6“+b}g . xfdL ljrf/x¿sf] klg
;fIfL x'g ;S5f“}+≤ leq sfd, qmf]w / nf]e rln/x]sf] b]Vg ;S5f}+“ . ljrf/sf] ;fIfL ePkl5 dfq xfdL
cfk"m cnu ePsf] a'‰g ;S5f“}+ .
cxª\sf/ b]Vg sl7g x'G5 lsgeg] xfdL …dÚ;Fu afFlwPsf 5f“}+ t/ ;fIfL efjn] …dÚnfO{ klg
b]Vg ;lsG5 . ;8sdf lxF8\bf s'g} JolQm b]Vg] lalQs} leq s]xL kl/jt{g x'G5 . xfdL PSn} x'Fbf c¿
g} x'G5f} / JolQm b]Vg] lalQs} kl/jlt{t eP/ d sf] efj ;[lht x'G5 . of] cxª\sf/ xf];k"j{s sxfF /
slxn] xfaL x'G5 eg]/ x]g]{ xf] eg] xfdL / xfd|f] cxª\sf/ larsf] km/skgf hfGg ;lsG5 . h'g lbg
xfdL cxª\sf/nfO{ klg ;fIfL eP/ b]Vg ;S5f“},+ ToxL ;do xfdL oL cf7 k|s[lteGbf d'Qm eP/
leqsf] …k/fÚ k|s[ltdf k'Ug ;S5f“}+ . h;nfO{ >Ls[i0f Tof] …d]/f]Ú :j¿k / r]tgf xf] Pjd\ ToxL r]tgfn]

nf]suLtf– 285
cWofo–&
;a}nfO{ wf/0f u/]sf] 5 eGg'x'G5 . Toltv]/ xfdL z/L/ / a'l4nfO{ klg p;}n] wf/0f u/]sf] eGg]
kfpF5f“}+ . To:t} ;jf]{kl/ k|f0f h;nfO{ xfdLn] b]v]sf 5}gf}+ To;nfO{ klg hfGg ;lsG5 ;fy} Tof] k/f
zlQm g} ;f/f kl/lwsf] s]G› xf] eg]/ klg hfGg ;lsG5 . s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ Ps Ps sbd ub}{ Tof]
s]G›lt/ n}hfg] k|of; ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . oL cf7 k|s[lt h;nfO{ ck/f elgG5 o;eGbf kf/ …k/fÚ zlQm
5, hf] r}tGo 5 . of] k/fzlQm g} ;a}sf] lgdf{tf / ;a}sf] cfwf/ xf] h;n] ;a}nfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]sf]
5.
PtBf]gLlg e"tflg ;jf{0fLTo'kwf/o .
cx+ s[T:g:o hutM k|ejM k|no:tyf ..^..
x] ch{'g Û ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿ oL b'O{ k/f -r]tg_ / ck/f -h8_ k|s[ltåf/f pTkGg ePsf x'g\ eGg]
hfg . …dÚ g} ;Dk"0f{ hut\sf] pTklQ / k|nosf] sf/0f x'F ..
dQM k/t/+ gfGolTsl~rbl:t wg~ho .
dlo ;j{ldb+ k|f]t+ ;"q] dl0fu0ff Oj ..&..
x] wg~ho Û …dÚ eGbf >]i7 s'g} ;To 5}g . h;/L wfuf]df ljljw df]tLsf bfgf plgPsf 5g\
To;/L g} of] ;+;f/ …dÚdf g} cfl>t 5 jf plgPsf] 5 ..
wfuf]df plgPsf] km"nsf] dfnfdf km"n k|s6 / wfuf] ck|s6 eP em}F hut\ k|s6 / k/dfTdf
ck|s6 5 . h] cb[Zo 5 To;df b[Zo ;XdflnPsf] x'G5 . Tof] n's]sf] cb[Zosf] cfwf/df g} k|s6sf]
hLjgnLnf cfwfl/t x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ dflyaf6 x]bf{ km"ndf klg k|f0f 5 eGg] nfU5 t/ k|f0f t h/fdf
g} x'G5 . km"n r'F8\bf jf xfFuf efFRbf klg af]6sf] cGt geO{ k'gM cª\s'l/t x'G5 . gofF kft tyf xfFuf
knfP/ km"n k'gM kmlqmG5 / km'N5 t/ h/f g} sfl6lbg] xf] eg] km"nsf] af]6sf] g} cGt x'G5 . hLjgsf]
lj/f6\ ¿k klg o:t} 5 . h] b]lvG5 To;leqsf] d"n;|f]t jf h/f vf]Hg ;s] dfq wd{sf] ofqf k|f/De
x'G5 . cb[Zosf] vf]h / To;nfO{ g} hLjgsf] p2]Zo dfGg' wd{ xf] / b[Zodf clNemg' / To;nfO{ g}
;j{:j 7fGg' ;+;f/ xf] . >Ls[i0f o;df cfˆgf] cb[Zo ¿ksf af/]df atfpg'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– d
n's]sf], u'Kt / ck|s6 5' . h] k|s6 ¿k 5 Tof] k|s[lt xf] . Tof] ci6k|s[lt d}n] agfPsf] v]n xf] /
To;nfO{ d}n] dgaf6 lgld{t u/]sf] x'F . ljZja|Xdf08 hf] k|s6 ¿k xf], Tof] d]/f] ck|s6 ¿kdf g}
;dflxt 5 . k/dfTdf cb[Zo 5 eGg] ;TonfO{ s[i0fn] o; k|;ª\udf :ki6 kfg{'ePsf] 5 . >Ls[i0f h]
b]lvG5 Tof] …dÚ xf]Og, k|s[lt xf] eGg'x'G5 . OlG›osf] lgoGq0fdf h] cfpF5 / b]lvG5 Tof] k|s[lt xf] .
OlG›oftLt cyf{t\ h;nfO{ b]Vg / hfGg ;lsGg Tof] k/dfTdf xf] . h'g lbg cb[Zosf af/]df dflg;
hfGg yfN5 aNn pm k|f}9 eP/ wfld{s x'G5 .
wd{ cb[Zo lj1fg xf] . lj1fg ;+;f/sf] vf]h x'gfn] of] ;txdf k|s6 x'G5 t/ cb[Zo
ulx/fOdf n's]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] hLjgsf] b'n{e ;Dkbf uf]Ko :yfgdf n's]sf] x'gfn] To;nfO{ kfpgsf
nflu Tolt g} ulx/fOdf plqg'k5{ . OlG›on] ha;Dd xfdLnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnG5 ta;Dd xfdL
ulx/fOdf hfg ;Sb}gf“}+ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h] OlG›oftLt 5 Tof] d x'F / h] OlG›osf]
lgoGq0fdf 5 Tof] hut\\ xf] . d}n] g} oL cf7 k|s[lt l;h]{sf] x'F / of] k|s[lt k|nosfndf …dÚdf g}
;dflxt x'G5 . h;af6 hut\\ k}bf x'G5 To;}df hut\\ nLg x'G5 . hf] hGdbftf x'G5 ToxL d[To'sf]
sf/s klg x'G5 . oL b'j} k|lqmof p;}sf] s[kfaf6 x'G5g\ . h;n] ;|i6fdf dfq s[kf b]Vb5 Tof] wfld{s
xf]Og t/ h;n] ljgfzsdf klg k/dfTdfsf] g} s[kf b]Vb5 Tof] wfld{s xf] . >Ls[i0f ;|i6f / ljgfzs
b'j} …dÚ g} x'F Pjd\ d}n] g} ;Dk"0f{ a|Dxf08 lgdf{0f u/]sf] x'F / of] ;a} …dÚdf g} ljnLg x'G5 eGg'x'G5 .
of] Hofb} j}1flgs b[li6sf]0f xf] . hLjgsf ;a} ult rqmfsf/ x'G5g\ / hxfFaf6 k|f/De x'G5, ToxL“+

nf]suLtf– 286
 cWofo–&
cGt eP/ j[Q k"/f x'G5 . d[To' hGdeGbf ljk/Lt xf]Og of] hGd;Fu hf]l8Psf] bf];|f] cj:yf xf] .
To;}n] ljgfz klg s]jn lj>fd dfq xf] . ;[li6 >d xf] eg] k|no lj>fd xf] .
To;}n] xfdLn] ;[li6nfO{ a|Xdfsf] lbg / k|nonfO{ /flq eg]sf xf“}+ . lbg hLjg / ;[li6 >d xf]
eg] /flq d[To' / ljgfz lj>fd xf] . ;gftg wdf{jnDaLx¿n] slxNo} ljgfz jf d[To'nfO{ zq'sf]
¿kdf x]b}{gg\ . h;n] d[To' / ljgfznfO{ zq' 7fGb5 pm lge{o eP/ afFRg ;Sb}g t/ h;n] d[To' /
ljgfznfO{ klg hLjg 7fGb5 pm g} ;xL ¿kdf afFRg ;S5 . p;nfO{ d[To' / ljgfzn] b'v lbFb}g
lsgeg] p;n] logLx¿df klg hLjgsf] k"0f{tf b]v]sf] x'G5 . cd[t / ljif b'j}nfO{ Ps;fy :jLsf/
ug{' g} cb\e't ;To xf] . hLjgsf] ;d:t åGå cGwsf/ / k|sfz h:t} ;+o'Qm 5g\ . olb k/dfTdf
k|sfz dfq xf] / cFWof/f] xf]Og eg] hut\\df zlQm ljefhg x'G5 . olb xfdLn] hut\\nfO{ b'O{ wf/df
ljefhg u¥of“}+ eg] xfd|f] lgi7f klg ljeflht x'G5 . ljeflht lgi7f lgi7f g} xf]Og, cljeflht
lgi7f dfq lgi7f xf] . klZrddf wd{k|lt dg'iosf] em'sfp gx'g'sf] sf/0f klg lgi7f ljeflht eP/
xf] .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f Hofb} ;xhtfsf ;fy …dÚ g} ;h{s / k|no x'F / ;a} …dÚ af6 g} hlGdG5g\ /
…dÚ df g} nLg x'G5g\ eGg'x'G5 . xfdL lxGb"x¿n] k/dfTdfnfO{ cleGg ¿kdf hfg]sf 5f“}+ . lgi7f
leGg x'Fbf xfd|f] >4f klg leGg x'G5, cleGg /xg ;Sb}g . To;}n] t cfh klZrddf ;a}eGbf 7'nf]
;d:of bf]xf]/f] rl/q /x]sf] 5 . ToxfFsf dgf]lrlsT;snfO{ dg'iosf] dg b'O{ efudf lsg 6'lqmPsf] xf]
eGg] hfgsf/L 5}g . To;sf] k|d'v sf/0f dg b'O{ lgi7fdf afFl8g'n] ubf{ xf] . lgi7f ljeflht
x'gf;fy Åbo klg b'O{ lx:;fdf afFl8G5 t/ k/dfTdfnfO{ ;Dk"0f{tfdf :jLsf/ ug{ ;s] dfq lgi7f
ljeflht x'Fb}g . lgi7f ljeflht eO{ lrQ 8fdf8f]n x'g' g} b'O{df afFl8Gf' xf] . klZrddf JolQmsf]
ljvl08t JolQmTj x'g'sf] k|d'v sf/0f ToxfF cl:tTjnfO{ b'O{ lx:;fdf afF8\g'n] ubf{ xf] . >Ls[i0f /fd|f ]
/ g/fd|f] b'j} …dÚ g} x'F eGg'x'G5 . h;n] of] ;du| :jLs[ltnfO{ a'‰b5, p;n] g} s[i0fsf] tŒjbz{gnfO{
a'‰g ;S5 .
>Ls[i0fsf] JolQmTj ;du|nfO{ ;dflxt u/]sf] JolQmTj xf] . To;}n] t sltkonfO{ pxfFdf b'j}
JolQmTj s;/L x'g ;S5 eg]/ nfUg ;S5 . Psflt/ k/dfTdfsf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 clg csf{lt/ o'4df
ptfg{ k|]l/t ug'{x'G5 . k/dfTdf t zflGtsf] kIfdf x'g'kg]{ xf] / czflGt b'i6sf] sfd x'g'kg]{ xf] .
o'4af6 efUg nfu]sf ch{'gnfO{ o'4df anhˆtL k|j]z u/fOlbg] sfd /fd|f] xf]Og eg]/ klg
sltkonfO{ nfUg ;S5 t/ >Ls[i0f ;du|tfdf ;a} :jLsf/ u/]/, b'j} /fd|f]–g/fd|f] / o'4–zflGt klg
…dÚ g} x'F eGg'x'G5 . pxfFsf cg';f/ ha ltdL b'j} ¿k …dÚdf b]Vg ;S5f}, ta dfq ltdLn] dnfO{
b]Vg] 5f} . olb ltdLn] dnfO{ leGg afF8]/ x]¥of} eg] slxNo} dnfO{ b]Vg ;Sg] 5}gf} . k/dfTdfnfO{
r'gfj ug{ ;lsGg, 5gf]6 t s]jn 3/df /fv]sf] k/dfTdfnfO{ dfq ug{ ;lsG5 . wfld{s JolQm
b':;fx;L x'G5 lsgeg] p;n] k/dfTdfsf b'j} ¿knfO{ :jLsf/ u5{ . lj/f]wnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug]{ of]
:jLs[lt j]bfGtsf] ;f/ xf] . ha hLjgsf] b[li6 clj/f]wsf] x'G5, ta leq klg clj/f]w g} hlGdG5 .
xfd|f] Åbo ToxL ¿kdf 9N5 h'g ¿kdf xfdL k/dfTdfnfO{ :jLsf/ u5f}{+ . h'g lbg km"nsf nflu
dfq xf]Og sfF8fsf nflu klg k/dfTdfnfO{ wGojfb lbG5f}+ Tof] lbg k/dfTdf vf]Hg dlGb/ jf cGo
sxL+ hfg' g} kb}{g . pm hxfF 5, ToxL+“ dlGb/ x'G5 / ToxLF k/dfTdf lj/fhdfg x'G5 .
/;f]˜xdK;' sf}Gt]o k|efl:d zlz;"o{of]M .
k|0fjM ;j{j]b]if' zAbM v] kf}?if+ g[if' ..*..

nf]suLtf– 287
cWofo–&
x] sf}Gt]o Û …dÚ hndf /; jf :jfb x',F rG› / ;"o{sf] k|sfz d g} x',F j]bsf k|0fj jf cf]Íf/
…dÚ g} x',F cfsfzsf] Wjlg tyf dfgj k'?iffy{ cyf{t\ zlQm klg …dÚ g} x'F ..
k'0of] uGwM k[lyJof+ r t]hZrfl:d ljefj;f} .
hLjg+ ;j{e"t]if' tkZrfl:d tkl:jif' ..(..
x] ch{'g Û k[YjLdf ljBdfg kljq ;'uGw …dÚ g} x'F . clUgsf] t]h, ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿df l:yt
hLjg cyf{t\ h]df pgLx¿ afFRb5g\ Tof] tŒj tyf tk:jLx¿sf] tk …dÚ g} x'F ..
oL sygdfkm{t >Ls[i0f Tof] cb[Zolt/sf] O;f/f ug{'x'G5 . pxfF b[Zo j:t'x¿nfO{ Oª\lut ub}{
cb[Zosf] cg'e"lt u/fpg rfxg'x'G5 . klxn] b[Zo j:t' hndf …dÚ /; x'F eGg'x'G5 . hn b[Zo xf] t/
/; cb\e't cg'e"lt xf] h'g ;"Id / cb[Zo x'G5 . h] b]lvG5 Tof] /; geP/ k]o j:t' hn dfq xf] t/
lkpFbf k|fKt ePsf] cg'ej cb[Zo x'G5, ToxL cfGtl/s cg'e"lt g} /; xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;d:t
hnLo ›Jox¿ h'g k]o kbfy{ 5g\ tL pxfF xf]Og t/ h'g xfdL lkP/ cg'ej u5f“},{ Tof] /; pxfF xf] .
hndf pxfF /; xf] h'g cb[Zo x'G5 . km"n b[Zo xf] t/ ;f}Gbo{ cb[Zo xf] . km"ndf s'g} /; x'Fb}g t/
km"n b]v]/ h'g /; cfpF5, To;df ;f}Gbo{ b]lvG5 . df]tLsf bfgfx¿nfO{ afFw]/ /fVg] wfuf] cb[Zo
ePem“} hLjgdf xfd|f h] hlt ulx/f cg'ej 5g\ tL ;a} /;sf cg'ej x'g\ h'g cb[Zo x'G5g\, rfx]
Tof] ;f}Gbo{, uLt–;ËLt jf k|]d g} lsg gxf];\ . ;d:t cg'ejsf] h'g ;f/ 5 Tof] /; xf] . pklgifb\n]
klg Tof] a|Xd/; xf] eg]/ 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .
o:f} u/L >Ls[i0f k[YjLdf d kljq ;'uGw x'F eGg'x'G5 . pxfF kljq ;'uGw eGg'x'G5 lsgeg]
;'uGw ;a} kljq x'Fb}gg\ . h'g ;'uGwsf] k|efj kg]{lalQs} hLjgsf] pmhf{ pmWj{udgsf] ofqfdf
k|efljt x'G5 Tof] kljq ;'uGw / h;sf] k|efj kgf{;fy hLjgsf] pmhf{ tnlt/ k|jflxt x'G5 Tof]
ckljq ;'uGw xf] . sltko ;'uGwx¿ k/LIf0f u/]/ ljk/Lt lnª\uLnfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ clek|fon] tof/
ul/G5g\, h;n] sfdjf;gf hufpg d2t ub{5g\ . Tof] ckljq ;'uGwn] hLjg pmhf{nfO{ tnlt/
n}hfg ;xof]u u5{ . dxfjL/sf ;DaGwdf pxfF lxF8\bf, a:bf xfjfdf Ps kljq ;'uGw axGYof]
elgG5 . kljq ;'uGw la/n} cfpF5, dxfjL/sf] z/L/ klg xfd|f] h:tf] g} xf] t/ pxfFsf] z/L/af6
lg:sg] ;'uGw kljq ;'uGw xf] . tLj| sfdjf;gfsf] If0fdf xfd|f] z/L/sf cnu u|lGyx¿ sfd ug{
yfN5g\ / z/L/af6 b'u{Gw km}lng yfN5 h;n] xfdL tnlt/ cf]ln{G5f“}+ . To:t} Wofgsf] cj:yfdf
z/L/af6 Ps k|sf/sf] ;'uGw k|s6 x'G5, ta pmhf{ dflylt/ axg yfN5 . dxfjL/ / a'4h:tf
dxfk'?ifx¿sf] Wofgsf] km"n ha kmlqmG5, ta cf;kf; ;'uGw km}lng yfN5 . >Ls[i0f To;}n] t
;'uGw dfq geg]/ kljq ;'uGw x'F eGg'x'G5 . kljq ;'uGw km"ndf xf]Og a? of] dfgj¿kL km"ndf
klg la/n} k}bf x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ærG›df, ;"o{ / tf/fx¿df …dÚ cfef / k|sfz x'F .Æ xfdL k|sfz b]Vg
;Sb}gf“}+, k|sflzt lrhx¿ dfq b]Vg ;S5f“}+ . k|sfz b]Vg c;Dej x'G5 . To;}n] t pxfF ;"o{, tf/f,
rG›dfx¿df …dÚ k|sfz x'F eGg'x'G5 . rG›df h] b]lvG5 Tof] …dÚ xf]Og, …dÚ To;sf] k|sfz dfq x'F .
k|sfzsf sf/0fn] xfdL lrhx¿ k|sflzt ePsf] b]V5f“}+ t/ k|sfz b]Vb}gf“}+ lsgeg] Tof] cb[Zo x'G5 .
k|sfz b[Zo 36gf h:tf] nfU5 t/ of] cb[Zo 36gf xf] . h;n] cGt/Ë ofqfdf uP/ leqsf] cfFvf
vf]Ng ;S5, p;n] ;f/f hut\\ g} k|sfzjfg\ b]Vg ;S5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL rG›, ;"o{, tf/fx¿
b]Vg ;S5f} t/ dnfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}gf} lsgeg] …dÚ cb[Zo 5' . To;} u/L >Ls[i0f tk:jLx¿df …dÚ t]h x'F
eGg'x'G5 . z/L/nfO{ si6 lbP/ pkjf; al;/x]sf] / Ps uf]8fsf] e/df dfq plePsf] jf sfF8fdf
;'lt/x]sf] tk:jL ;a}n] b]V5g\ t/ s[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ tk:jL xf]Og tk:jLdf t]h x'F .

nf]suLtf– 288
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;du|df xfdL t]hsf] cf–cfˆg} JofVof u5f}{+≤ h;sf] cg'xf/df /f}gs b]lvPsf] 5 To;nfO{
xfdL t]h 7fG5f“}+ . :j:Yo jf zlQmzfnL b]lvof] eg] To;nfO{ t]h 7fG5f}+“ t/ of] t b[Zo xf], t]h
xf]Og . s[i0f cb[Zosf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . olb s'g} tk:jLdf t]h vf]Hg' 5 eg] tk:jLsf] Wofgdf
vf]Hg'k5{ . dxfjL/ of a'4nfO{ Wofgsf] d'›fdf lg/Gt/ x]g]{ xf] eg] ToxfF Pp6f o:tf] l:ylt cfpF5
hxfF pxfFx¿ x/fpg'x'G5, s]jn t]hk'~h / cfefo''Qm ;|f]t dfq aR5 . lbof]sf] cfefdf ;|f]t x'G5 t/
a'4 / dxfjL/x¿sf] t]hdf s'g} ;|f]t x'Fb}g . To;}n] xfdL s[i0f, dxfjL/, a'4sf] lrqsf] lz/sf k5fl8
h'g uf]nf] 3]/f agfpF5f}+ Tof] t]hsf] k|tLs xf] . >Ls[i0f tk:jLdf tkZrof{ eGg'x'Gg pxfF t t]h x'F
eGg'x'G5 . hlt;'s} tk:of u/] klg ha;Dd cfkm" k"0f{ ¿kdf x/fP/ k|sfzk'~h dfq afFsL /xFb}g,
ta;Dd Tof] t]h k}bf x'Fb}g . a'4, dxfjL/nfO{ 1fg k|fKt ePkl5 klg c¿ rfln; jif{ afFRg'eof] .
Tof] afFsL ;dodf pxfFx¿ z/L/ xf]Og k|sfzk'~h dfq x'g'x'GYof] .
h'g lbg a'4 ;dflw lng nfUg'ePsf] lyof], To;}a]nf s'g} Ps JolQmn] cfP/ pxfFnfO{ ;f]Wof]
ls d[To'kZrft\ xh'/ sxfF hfg'x'G5 . pxfFn] hjfkm lbg'eof]– rfln; jif{b]lv d hxfF lyPF ca klg
ToxLF g} x'g] 5' . p;n] k'gM ;f]Wof]– o;nfO{ xfdL s;/L dfgf}+“ lsgeg] xh'/sf] z/L/ t ca x/fpg]
5, ta a'4n] eGg'eof]– d]/f nflu t of] z/L/ rfln; jif{ cufl8 g} ;dfKt eO;s]sf] lyof],
To;otf t d s]jn z"Go, k|sfzsf] efFtL afFlr/x]sf] 5' . ca d]/f] gfz x'g] s'g} pkfo 5}g lsgeg]
h'g gfz x'g'kg]{ xf] Tof] eO;s]sf] 5 . t]h cd[t tŒj xf] / z/L/ d/0f wd{ xf] . tk:jLdf t]hsf]
cy{ Tof] xf] hf] pgLx¿df slxNo} db}{g . t]h u'Kt /x:o xf] ha;Dd t]h x'Fb}g, ta;Dd pm tk:jL
klg x'Fb}g . a'4 cd's JolQmnfO{ 1fg eof] / p;nfO{ 1fg ePsf] 5}g eGg'x'GYof] . pxfFsf] 1fg
ePsf] x]g]{ Tof] ljlw g} t]h xf] . a'4 JolQmsf] t]h x]/]/ of] JolQm s'g cj:yfdf 5 eg]/ atfpg'
x'GYof] .
>Ls[i0f Ps Ps lrhdf cb[Zosf] O;f/f ug{'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– cfsfzdf …dÚ zAb x'F .
cfsfz b]lvG5 t/ zAb b]lv+b}+g . oBlk cfsfz zAbn] g} el/Psf] 5 . j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– s[i0fn]
eg]sf] uLtf xfdL Ps lbg cjZo kQf nufpF5f}+ lsgeg] zAb hlxn] elgP klg of] gfz gx'g]
ePsfn] of] cfsfzdf g} df}h'b /xG5 . of] ;f/f cl:tTj zAbsf] vftn] el/Psf] 5 . o; hut\\df
af]lnPsf zAbx¿ clen]vsf] ¿kdf ;+/lIft x'G5g\ . To;}n] t wd{ ckzAb slxNo} gaf]Ng' eGb5
lsgeg] Tof] zAb slxNo} gfz x'Fb}g . Tof] zAb cgGt ofqf;Dd clen]vsf] ¿kdf ;'/lIft x'G5 .
cl:tTjn] zAbnfO{ ljgfz ub}{g . cfsfz hf] ;jf{lws j:t'n] JofKt 5 Tof] zAb xf] t/ Tof] zAb
b]lvFb}g . ctM unt af]Ng'eGbf t r'krfk nfUg' /fd|f] xf] . a'4 leIf'x¿nfO{ eGg'x'GYof]– k|fy{gf ;'?
ug{'eGbf klxn] hut\\sf] dËnsf] sfdgfaf6 / k|fy{gfsf] cGTo klg hut\sf] dËnsf] sfdgfsf ;fy
ug{'k5{ . k|fy{gf a]sf/ eP klg dËnsf] p¢f]if cgGt sfn;Dd ;'/lIft /xG5 .
cfsfzdf ;"Id ;ª\u|lxt ¿k 5 h;nfO{ zAb elgG5, hf] cb[Zo 5 / Tof] cb[Zo >Ls[i0f
…dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 . j]bdf …dÚ cf]ª\sf/ x'F . hut\df vf]lhPsf k|foM ;a} lrh j]bdf 5g\ t/ TfL ;a}nfO{
5f]8]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– j]bdf …dÚ cf]ª\sf/ x'F, cGo afFsL …dÚ xf]Og . afFsL t ;a} ;+;f/ xf], …dÚ
s]jn cf]ª\sf/ dfq x'F . pxfFsf] cfzo olb ;a} zf:q gi6 eP/ cf]ª\sf/ dfq aRof] eg] klg ;a}
zf:q aR5 / ;a} zf:q ar]/ cf]ª\sf/ x/fof] eg] ;a} zf:q x/fpF5 zf:qsf] cl:tTj gi6 x'G5 . ç
Pp6f cy{xLg zAb xf] . Pp6f ;fgf] ç df ;gftg wdf{njDaLx¿n] ;d:t dGqsf] of]u;f/nfO{
aLh ¿kdf aGb u/]sf 5g\ . lxGb" wdf{jnDaLx¿n] hLjgdf h] cGt/Ë cg'ej / h'g ljlwx¿
ljsl;t u/]sf 5g\, ;Tolt/ ofqf ug{ TfL ;a}df ç nfO{ aLh dGqsf] ¿kdf /flvPsf] 5 . ;f/f

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zAbsf] lj:tf/ ç sf] lj:tf/ xf] . ç af6 ;f/f j]b k'gM lgld{t x'g ;S5 . ;f/f hut\sf] zf:q c–
pm–d\ cyf{t\ ç ePdf lgdf{0f x'g ;S5 . lj1fg e}/jtGqdf lzjn] kfj{tLnfO{ eGg'ePsf] 5– ltdL
w]/} g;f]w ltdLnfO{ d yf]/} eG5' . c–pm–d\ sf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] of] hf] ç 5 o;df ltdL …cÚ nfO{
e'n …d\Ú nfO{ klg e'n / hf] lardf pm aR5 Tof] …pmÚ df ltdL 8'a . o;f] u¥of] eg] …dÚ ltdLdf
k|fKt x'G5' . olb …pmÚ hf]8n] eGof] eg] xfd|f] k"/f gfle leq k:5 / ank"j{s gfledf hf]8 k5{ .
gfle hLjgsf] d"n pmhf{;|f]t xf]≤ o;df h;n] wSsf lbG5 p;sf] hLjgsf] pmhf{ p7\g ;'? x'G5 /
s'08lngL hfUg yfN5 . ç ;d:t j]bsf] u'Xotd zlQm xf] . JolQmleq h'g k/dfTdfsf] pmhf{
aLhdf n's]sf] x'G5 To;nfO{ ;lqmo ug]{ ljlw cf]ª\sf/ xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f j]bx¿df d çsf/ x'F
eGg'x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f k'?ifdf …dÚ k'?ifTj x'F eGg'x'G5 . of] k'/ eg]sf] gu/L jf a:tL xf] ToxL k'/leq a:g]
dflnsnfO{ k'?if elgG5 . of] k'/ :qLsf] ljk/Lt xf]Og lsgeg] of] k'?if t :qLsf] leq klg l:yt
x'G5 . :qLsf] z/L/ cnu x'gfn] p;sf] gu/ leGg / k'?ifsf] gu/ leGg x'G5 t/ b'j} leq cf;Lg
x'g] k'?if Ps} x'G5, k[ys\ x'Fb}g . hLjgsf] ;[hgfdf k'?if ;f+of]lus / :qL cfwf/e"t x'G5g\ . :qL
k'?ifdf ;lDdlnt ePsfn] s[i0fn] hfg]/ g} :qLsf] s'/f ug{'ePg . oxfF gu/sf] s'/f gu/L gu/sf]
lardf a:g] dflns k'?ifsf af/]df pxfF eGg'x'G5 . :qL leq klg Tof] k'?if tŒj x'G5 . xhf/f“}+ km"n
l6k]/ k|zf]wg u/L clnslt cQ/ agfPh:t} ;d:t k'/sf] dflns hxfFhxfF 5 p;leqsf] k'?ifTj …dÚ
x'F eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . k'?if ;Ldfdf afFlwPsf] x'G5 t/ k'?ifTj c;Ld x'G5 . h:tf] k|]dLsf] ;Ldf
x'G5 t/ k|]d c;Ld x'G5 . k'?ifTj lj/f6\ cfsfz h:t} ;LdfljxLg / zfZjt 5 eg] k'?if t cfpg]
/ hfg] 5g\ . k'?ifleqsf] k'?ifTj lgu{'0f, lg/fsf/ / zfZjt x'G5 . 5fnx¿df …dÚ ;fu/ x'F eg] h:t}
>Ls[i0f k'?ifx¿df …dÚ k'?ifTj x'F eGg'x'G5 . pxfF Tof] k'?ifTjsf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 h'g hlt g} ¿k
lgld{t / lj;lh{t eP klg pm lg/fsf/ / c¿k g} x'G5 .
aLh+ df+ ;j{e"tfgf+ ljl4 kfy{ ;gftgd\ .
a'l4a{'l4dtfdl:d t]h:t]hl:jgfdxd\ ..!)..
x] kfy{ Û ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] jf cl:tTjsf] d"n aLh jf pTklQsf] ;gftg sf/0f …dÚ x'F .
a'l4dfg\x¿sf] a'l4 / t]h:jLx¿df /x]sf] t]h -sflGt_ klg …dÚ g} x'F ..
an+ anjtf+ rfx+ sfd/fuljjlh{td\ .
wdf{lj?4f] e"t]if' sfdf]˜l:d e/tif{e ..!!..
x] e/t>]i7 Û d anjfg\x¿df /x]sf] sfdjf;gf / cf;lQm/lxt ;fdYo{ x'F . ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿df
/x]sf] wdf{g's"n cfr/0fo'Qm sfdjf;gf klg …dÚ g} x'F ..
JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] kl/ro lbFbf hlt sl7gfO x'G5 k/dfTdfnfO{ cfˆgf] kl/ro lbg To; eGbf
a9L sl7gfO x'G5 . pm :jod\n] cfˆgf] kl/ro cfwf dfq lbg ;S5 lsgeg] cl:tTj lj/f6\ 5 /
zAb ;f/} 5'b| ePsfn] JoQm x'g} ;Sb}g . k/dfTdfn] rfx]sf] s'/f zAbsf] sf/0fn] JoQm ug{ ;Sb}g /
eGg rfx]sf] s'/f s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf 5'6\5 . h] eGg ;lsG5 Tof] ;ª\s]tdf dfq eGg ;lsG5 .
s[i0fnfO{ klg ToxL sl7gfO 5 . s[i0fn] ;fwf/0f s'/faf6 pbfx/0f lbFb} ;Demfpg vf]Hg'ePsf] 5 .
dg'io;Fu s'/f ug{ dg'iosf] efiff k|of]u ug{'k5{ . To;}n] s[i0f ;f]xLcg';f/ O;f/f ug{'x'G5 t/ O;f/f
To;sf nflu dfq pkof]uL x'g ;S5 h;n] rG›dfnfO{ cf}+“nfn] b]vfpFbf k|ltljDadf geO{ rG›dfdf
dfq gh/ nufpF5 . pxfFn] h] atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 To;df cf+lzs O;f/fx¿ dfq 5g\ . O;f/fsf]
dfWodaf6 dfly p7\g ;Sg] JolQm g} jf:tljs ¿kdf Tof] O;f/f a'‰g ;dy{ x'G5 . >Ls[i0f

nf]suLtf– 290
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eGg'x'G5– …dÚ jf;gf / sfdgf/lxt jLo{ / lj/Qm jL/tf x'F . dfgjleq sfd / jf;gf gePsf]
jLo{sf] pmhf{ …dÚ g} x'F .
dxfjL/sf] hGdsf] gfd jw{dfg lyof] . jL/tfsf nflu kl5 pxfFsf] gfd dxfjL/ /flvof] .
pxfF uf]8f 6]Stf klg s'g} hLj gd¿g\ eg]/ /fd|/L km's]/ dfq 6]Sg'x'GYof] . pxfFsf] s;};Fu O{iof{ /
k|lt:kwf{ g} lyPg . pxfFdf crDdsf] jL/tf lyof] . s[i0fsf] o; sygdf pxfFnfO{ dxfjL/ eGg'sf]
sf/0fsf af/]df atfOPsf] 5 . pxfFdf jf;gf / sfdgf/lxt gjLg jLo{¿kL pmhf{sf] pbo ePsf]
lyof] . dxfjL/n] s7f]/ ;fwgfsf dfWodaf6 hut\nfO{ g} e'n]/ s]jn cfkm"nfO{ dfq ofb /fVg'eof] .
pxfF ufpF aflx/ gfËf] /xg'x'GYof]≤ t;y{ ufpFn]x¿ pxfFnfO{ ;tfpFy] . Ps lbg Pp6f Ujfnfn] pxfF
ePsf] :yfgdf ufO{ r/fpg nUof] / pxfFnfO{ pQm ufO{x¿ x]l/lbg cx|fof] . pm s]xL ;dokl5
kmls{P/ cfpFbf dxfjL/ WofgdUg x'g'x'GYof], p;n] ufO{ b]v]g . ufO{x¿ rbf{rb}{ 6f9f k'u]sf lyP≤
To;}n] p;n] ufO{x¿ st} e]6]g . ;fFem kms]{/ 3/ cfpg nfUbf ufO{x¿ dxfjL/sf] glhs ePsf]
b]Vof] . o;n] g} ufO{ rf]/]/ /fv]sf] /x]5 / s]xL a]/kl5 3/df n}hfg] o;sf] dg;fo xf]nf eg]/
Wofgsf] :jfª kf/]sf] 7fgL pxfFnfO{ p;n] s'6lk6 u¥of] / alx/f]sf] gf6s u/]sf] eGb} sfgdf 7]8L
7f]lslbof] . pxfFsf] sfgaf6 /utsf] wf/f aUg yfNof] .
syf a8f] /;k"0f{ 5 . dxfjL/sf] cj:yf b]v]/ b]jtfx¿ klg b'vL / lrlGtt eP . OG›n]
cfP/ pxfF;Fu cfkm"nfO{ Ifdf ug{'xf];\ eGb} xh'/sf] ;'/Iff ug{ xfdLnfO{ cf1f lbg'xf];\ eg] . pxfFn]
Tof] uf]7fnf] h:t} xh'/ klg s'g} 9Ën] dnfO{ ljrlnt u/fpg cfpg'ePsf] 5 s[kof ddfly bof
ug{'xf];\ / d h:tf] cj:yfdf 5' ToxL cj:yfdf 5fl8lbg'xf];\ . hGd–hGdfGt/df d}n] w]/}sf] ;xof]u
lnPF t/ tL ;a} Joy{ eP . ca d PSn} 5' / PSn} /xg rfxG5' eGg'eof] . o'4df s'zntf / jL/tf
k|bz{g ug]{x¿ klg dxfjL/sf cufl8 afnsh:t} x'g\ lsgeg] pxfFsf] h:tf] jL/tf t s'g} jL/x¿;Fu
klg x'Fb}g . pxfF ca ;DaGw / ldqtf gufF:g] / cfkm" PSn} kof{Kt /x]sf] atfpg'x'G5 . h–h;n]
dnfO{ ;xf/f lbP/ ;+/If0f ug]{ atfP, ltgLx¿ g} cfˆgf] b'vsf sf/0f ag], To;}n] ca dnfO{ sf]xL
rflxFb}g, d PSn} /xg rfxG5' . dxfjL/ k[YjLdf PSn} a:g ;Sg] ;fx;L JolQm xf] / ToxL ;fx;
jL/tf xf] . ;a}eGbf 7'nf k/fqmdL of]4f klg PSn} a:g g;sL sDtLdf ;'/Iffsf nflu t/jf/ ;fydf
/fVb5 . h;sf] xftdf xltof/ x'G5 p;leq sfo/tf n's]sf] x'G5 . t/ dxfjL/ gfËf] x'g'x'G5 /
pxfFsf ;fydf s]xL klg 5}g lsgeg] pxfFdf PSn} a:g] ;fx; 5 .
>Ls[i0f h;df sfd ;dfKt ePsf] 5 / jf;gf klg z]if 5}g To;df …dÚ jLo{ / an x'F eGg'
x'G5 . pxfF sfd / jf;gf/lxt jLo{ …dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 . jf;gf / sfd hxfF x'G5 ToxfF jL/ x'g' eg]sf]
/S;L v'jfP/ o'4df n8\g k7fPh:t} xf] . gzfdf axfb'/ x'g ;lhnf] x'G5 lsgeg] Toltv]/ JolQm
d"l5{t x'G5 . To;}n] t xfQLnfO{ o'4df k7fpFbf /S;L v'jfP/ dfq k7fOG5 . sfdjf;gf klg Pp6f
ljif / dfbskbfy{ h:tf] xf] . sfdjf;gfn] el/Fbf JolQm cfuf] nfu]sf] 3/df klg jf;gf k"/f ug{
k|j]z ug{ ;S5 . t'n;Lbf;sf] syf /f]rs 5 . pxfF Ps k6s sfdjf;gfn] plåUg eP/ /ftdf
dfOt a;]sL >LdtLnfO{ e]6\g cft'/tfn] cGwf] eP/ k'Ubf pxfFsL kTgLsf] h'g jf;gf sfdlt/
nufpg' ePsf] 5, Tof] jf;gf /fdlt/ nufpg'xf];\ eGg] cfu|xaf6 t'n;Lbf;sf] hLjgn] ;fy{stf
k|fKt u¥of] .
tLj| jf;gfdf JolQm a]xf]; x'G5 / a]xf];Ldf ePsf] ansf] s'g} cy{ /xGg . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– sfdjf;gf d'Qm anjfg\x¿sf] …dÚ an x'F t/ hf] wd{n] el/Psf] x'G5 To;sf] …dÚ
sfdjf;gf klg x'F . sfdjf;gf/lxt anjfg\x¿sf] …dÚ an x'F eGg' ePsf]df of] egfO ljk/Lt h:tf]

nf]suLtf– 291
cWofo–&
klg nfUg ;S5 . >Ls[i0f wd{n] el/Psf] JolQmsf] sfdjf;gf klg …dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 . ha JolQmsf]
hLjgdf wd{ plqG5 ta p;df sfdjf;gf /xFb}g . hLjgdf wd{sf] cjt/0f x'g] JolQmsf ;a}
lqmofsnfk wfld{s x'G5g\ . wd{n] a'l4 / ÅbonfO{ dfq xf]Og, JolQmsf] z/L/nfO{ klg ¿kfGt/0f u5{ .
wd{sf] 36gf 36]kl5 JolQm To;df k"/f 8'A5 clg sfdjf;gf z]if g} /xFb}g . wd{sf] cd[tdf ljif
k/] klg Tof] cd[t g} x'G5 . wd{sf] d'Vo k|of; g} leq /x]sf] ljifnfO{ x6fO{ cd[t :yflkt ug{' xf] .
xfdLleqsf] sfd Pjd\ jf;gf olb k|e'df clk{t ePdf Tof] sfd Pjd\ jf;gf¿kL pmhf{ klg a|Xdsf]
pmhf{ aGb5 . o; k|sf/sf JolQmsf] sfdjf;gfsf] ult cfd"n ¿kdf ablnG5 . xfdL a]xf];, cr]tg
/ ljlIfKt eP/ sfdjf;gfaf6 el/G5f} / jf;gfn] xfdLnfO{ ank"j{s ;dft]/ s7k'tnL agfpF5 .
xfdL ha xf];df cfpF5f“},+ ta kZrfQfkn] hn]/ b'vL / kLl8t x'G5f“}+ . k|s[ltn] xfdLaf6 sfd lnlG5g\
/ xfdL p;sf] bf; ag]/ cf1fkfng u5f}{+ .
wd{sf] pknlAw r'ld;s]sf] JolQm k|s[ltsf] cfb]zsf] ;LdfeGbf kf/ x'G5 / p;df gjLg
36gf 3l6t x'G5 . o:tf JolQmx¿n] k|s[ltsf] cfb]z dfGb}gg\ a? pgLx¿n] k|s[ltnfO{ g} cfb]z lbg
;'? ub{5g\ . To;a]nf pgLx¿df cfd"n kl/jt{g eP/ ¿kfGt/0f x'G5 . ha;Dd xfdL cwd{df
afFR5f“},+ ta;Dd xfdL k|s[ltsf] bf;h:t} cf1fkfns x'G5f}+ / k|s[ltn] g} xfdLnfO{ tfg]/ rnfpF5 .
xfdLnfO{ k|s[ltn] g} qmf]w u/fpF5 . To;}u/L sfdjf;gf klg xfdLnfO{ k|s[ltn] g} wSsf lbP/
u/fPsf] xf], xfdL t s]jn Ps l;sf/ dfq xf“}+ . k|s[ltn] rf/}lt/af6 xfdLnfO{ wSsf lbO/x]sf] x'G5 .
wd{n] el/Psf] JolQm k|s[lteGbf dfly p7\5 / k|s[ltsf] cf1fkfns xf]Og cfb]zstf{ aGb5 .
o;k|sf/sf JolQmsf] hLjgdf sfdjf;gf /xFb}g . o:tf JolQmsf hLjgdf olb sfdsf] 36gf 36\of]
eg] o;sf] sf/0f leGg x'G5 .
lh;; s'df/L cfdf dl/odaf6 hlGdg'ePsf] xf] elgG5 . s'df/Laf6 sf]xL hlGdg ;Sb}gg\
t/ s[i0fsf] sygnfO{ a'‰g] xf] eg] s'df/L cfdfaf6 klg sf]xL hlGdg ;S5 . lh;;sL cfdf d]/Ln]
lh;;sf] cfTdfnfO{ hGd lbgsf nflu cfˆgf] z/L/ cl:tTjsf] cfb]z :j¿k k|of]u ug{ lbPsL x'g\
eg] pgL s'df/L g} x'g\ . ha s'g} afnssf] hGd x'g nfU5, ta afnssf] cfTdf rf/}lt/af6 dnfO{
hGd b]pm eg]/ cfdfnfO{ k|]l/t ul//xG5 . oBlk xfdLnfO{ of] s'/f k|ToIf cg'ej x'Fb}g lsgeg] xfdL
a]xf]; x'G5f“}+ / k|s[ltn] xfdLnfO{ wSsf lbP/ hGd u/fpFl5g\ t/ sfdjf;gf h'g lbg wd{af6
¿kfGtl/t x'G5, ToxL lbg xfdL ;r]t ¿kdf Pp6f cfTdf;Fu s'/f ug{ ;S5f}+“ hf] xfdLåf/f hGd lng
rfxG5 . olb xfdL p;nfO{ hGd lbg rfxG5f“+} eg] jf;gf Pjd\ sfds[Todf plqg egL ;f] JolQmn]
cfˆgf] z/L/nfO{ cfb]z lbG5 . xfdL ha sfdjf;gfdf plqG5f“},+ ta xfdL a]xf]; x'G5f}+“ t/ wfld{s
JolQm sfdjf;gfdf plqof] eg] pm k"0f{ xf];df x'G5 . pm cfˆgf] z/L/sf] pkof]u Pp6f oGqsf] efFtL
ul//x]sf] x'G5 . dflns eP/ z/L/sf] pkof]u u5{ t/ z/L/n] p;sf] pkof]u ub}{g .
>Ls[i0f wd{n] el/Psf] JolQmsf nflu d sfdjf;gf klg x'F eGg'x'G5 . olb JolQmnfO{ ;r]t
agfOof] eg] z/L/nfO{ ¿kfGt/0f u/]/ xf]Og r]tgfnfO{ ¿kfGt/0f u/]/ JolQm sfdjf;gfdf nfUb5 .
of] Pp6f xf];k"j{s ¿kfGtl/t r]tgfn] ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] lawfos dfu{ xf] h;sf] k|of]u xhf/f“}+
jif{;Dd k"j{df ul/Psf] lyof] . dxfjL/ / a'4sf] hLjgdf :jKglj1fgsf] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf]
kfOG5 . h}g k/Dk/fdf ha s'g} tLy{Í/ cfdfsf] uef{zodf k|j]z ug{ vf]H5, ta cfdfnfO{ o;sf
af/]df ;kgfdf hfgsf/L cfpg yfN5 . Tof] ;kgf s'g} Pp6f lj/f6\ cfTdf cfdfsf] ue{df k|j]z ug{
rfx]sf] ;fÍ]lts ;Gb]z x'GYof] . h}gsf rf}la; tLy{Í/ nfdf] ;do sl/a bz xhf/ jif{sf] cGt/fndf
x'g' eof] t/ pxfFx¿sL cfdfnfO{ cfpg] ;kgf Ps} k|sf/sf] x'GYof] .

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a'4nfO{ hGdfpg] cfdf pxfFnfO{ hGd lbP/ tTsfn dg]{ l5g\ eGg] klg yfxf lyof] lsgeg]
a'4h:tf] JolQmTjnfO{ hGd lbFbf cfTdf;Dd k|;j kL8fsf] cg'ej x'G5 . ;fwf/0f :qLnfO{ klg
z/L/sf] tn;Dd kL8f x'G5 t/ klg a'4sL cfdf pxfFnfO{ hGdfpg /fhL x'g'eof] lsgeg] a'4nfO{
hGdfpg] ;f}efUo k|fKt ug{' klg dxfg\ cj;/ xf] . a'4n] 3f]if0ff ug{' ePsf] 5 ls b'O{ xhf/ jif{kl5
d wtL{df d}q]osf gfddf cjtl/t x'g] 5' . b'O{ xhf/ jif{eGbf a9\tf ;do lalt;s]sf] 5 oBlk
d}q]onfO{ c;n ue{ ldNg ;s]sf] 5}g . >Ls[i0f Tof] lj1fgsf af/]df atfpFb} x'g'x'G5, h'g lbg lrQ
wd{af6 el/G5 To; lbgsf] sfdjf;gf klg pxfF g} x'g'x'G5 .
To:t} >Ls[i0f ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf ;gftg sf/0f klg …dÚ g} x'F eGg'x'G5 . h;nfO{ xfdL sf/0f
eG5f“},+ Tof] dflyaf6 hf]l8Psf] 36gf dfq xf] t/ >Ls[i0f ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf] sf/0f geg]/ ;gftg
sf/0f (Ultimate cause) cyf{t\ cgflb sf/0f eGg'x'G5 . olb xfdL Ps Ps sf/0f vf]Hg yfNof“}+ eg]
o; ;+;f/df cgGt sf/0fx¿ x'G5g\ . ;fgf] 36gfdf klg ;Dk"0f{ hut\ sf/0fx¿sf] hfnf] lnP/
pkl:yt x'G5 / hlt leq k:of] cgGt sf/0f e]l6G5g\ lsgeg] vf]hsf] s'g} cGt x'Fb}g . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f sf/0fx¿df ;gftg sf/0f …dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 . ;gftg sf/0fsf] cy{ of] ;a} …dÚ af6 l;lh{P/
…dÚdf g} nLg x'g] 5g\, …dÚ ljgf s]xL klg x'Fb}g / oL ;a} d]/f] g} v]n xf] eGg] xf] . h;af6 ;a}
hlGdG5 p;}df ;dfKt x'g' ;gftg sf/0f xf] . To; lardf ePsf cGo sf/0fx¿sf] h'g hfnf] 5
To;;Fu s'g} ;DaGw x'Fb}g . ch{'g / xfdL ;a} dflyNnf] sf/0f b]V5f}+ . ch{'g eGb} 5g\– d}n] o;nfO{
df/]+ eg] of] dg]{ 5 t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o;df ltdL slQ klg lrGtf gu/ lsgeg] o;sf] hGd /
d[To' b'j}sf] ;gftg sf/0f …dÚ g} x'F . ha;Dd …dÚ rfxFlbg ta;Dd logLx¿ sf]xL dg]{ 5}gg\ .
To;}n] ltdL lglZrGt eP/ o'4 u/ . ltdLn] df/]/ logLx¿ dg]{jfnf 5}gg\ / ltdLn] gdfb}{df jf
arfP/ /fVb}df klg logLx¿ afFRg] xf]Ogg\ . logsf] x'g' / gx'g' …dÚdf lge{/ x'G5 lsgeg] …dÚ
;gftg sf/0f x'F .
olb k/dfTdf ;gftg sf/0f xf] eGg] s'/f a'‰g ;lsof] eg] JolQm stf{ aGg] df]xaf6 d'Qm
x'G5 . h'g lbg of] ;TonfO{ cfTd;\ft\ ug{ ;S5f“},+ Tof] lbg cxª\sf/ klg z]if /xGg . k/dfTdf
;gftg sf/0f xf] eGg] s'/f af]w ePkl5 JolQmdf stf{kg klg /xFb}g . ha stf{kg x6\5 ta xfd|f]
ofqf k/dfTdflt/ k|f/De x'G5, ;a} k/dfTdfn] g} u/fpF5 / pxL stf{ x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ ;gftg
sf/0fsf] af]w ePkl5 xfd|f ;'v–b'v, dfg–ckdfg, hGd–d[To'df klg xfd|f] pQ]hgf zfGt x'G5 .
pQ]hgfsf ;a} sf/0f Ifl0fs x'g\ . pQ]hgfljxLg zflGtk"0f{ hut\df k|j]z ug]{ xf] eg] ;gftg
sf/0fsf] :d/0f ug{'kg]{ x'G5 .
To:t} >Ls[i0f a'l4dfg\x¿sf] a'l4 …dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 . ;a} a'l4dfg\x¿ a'l4n] o'Qm x'Fb}gg\ .
cTolws a'l4dfg\x¿df ;"rgfsf] ;ª\u|x x'G5 . Pp6f egfO 5– ltdL d"v{nfO{ lzlIft agfpg ;S5f}
t/ p;nfO{ a'l4dfg\ agfpg ;Sb}gf} (You can educate a fool but you can not make him wise) .
w]/}h;f] a'l4dfg\x¿df a'l4sf] wf]sf dfq x'G5 hf] p;n] c¿af6 kfPsf] x'G5 . a'l4 k|1f xf] h;nfO{
(Wisdom) elgG5 . o;nfO{ h;n] hfGb5 p;n] cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{ km"nh:t} km'nfpF5 . ljj]s;Ddt
1fg hLjgsf] /x:osf] af]w xf], of] s'g} hfgsf/L / ;ª\u|x xf]Og . of] leqaf6 cfPsf] zfZjt efj
Pjd\ xf];k"0f{ 1fg xf] . tyfslyt a'l4dfg\ ctLtsf] 1fgdf lge{/ x'G5g\ . j:t'tM a'l4 ;bf
jt{dfgdf / oxLF hfu[t cj:yfdf x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f To:t} a'l4sf] s'/f ul//xg'ePsf] 5 . a'l4dfg\x¿sf] …dÚ a'l4 x'F . a'l4dfgL jf
a'l4dQf (Intellect) Pjd\ 1fg (Knowledge) xf]Og, of] t z'4 a'l4 (Intellegence) xf] . Pp6f

nf]suLtf– 293
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sf]7fdf hlt ;fdfg e¥of] plt g} sf]7f ;fgf] x'g yfN5 . To:t} a'l4df hlt ;"rgf e¥of] a'l4 Tolt
g} ;fgf] x'G5 . a'l4 t vfnL :yfg xf] . a'l4dfg\ Tof] xf] hf] cfˆgf] a'l4nfO{ ;bf vfnL, tfhf /
;hu /fVb5 . hlt ;"rgfx¿ leq el/G5 Tolt g} a'l4 ;ª\s'lrt x'G5 cyf{t\ a'l4sf] h?/t sd
kb{5 lsgeg] xfdL ;"rgfaf6 g} sfd rnfpF5f“}+ . >Ls[i0f …dÚ Tof] vfnL :yfg x'F eGg'x'G5 h;nfO{
pklgifb\df Åbosf] cGt/ :yfg elgPsf] 5 . of] k"/f vfnL cGt/ u'kmf;Dd hf] k'Ug ;S5 Tof]
k/dfTdfsf] dlGb/df k|j]z u5{ . a'l4sf] cy{ af7f] x'g' xf]Og . a'l4sf] cy{ leqsf] z"Go cGt/u'kmfdf
k|j]z ug'{ xf] . ToxL z"Godf pleP/ ;Tosf] bz{g x'G5 . >Ls[i0f tk:jLx¿df …dÚ tk x'F, tk:of
xf]Og eGg'x'G5 . tk / tk:of b'j} Ps zAb h:tf 5g\ t/ tk:ofsf] hf]8 s[Todf x'G5 eg] tksf]
hf]8 cfGtl/s pknlAwdf x'G5 . tk:of ug]{ lqmof afXo s[To xf] . pkjf;, k|f0ffofd, cf;g oL ;a}
tk:ofsf aflx/L s[To x'g\ . s'g} c1fgL jf cxª\sf/Ln] klg of] s[To ug{ ;Sg] x'Fbf leq s'g} k'0o
kmlnt gx'g ;S5 . tk:jLx¿sf af/]df cg';Gwfg ug]{ xf] eg] cToflws tk:jLx¿ k|bz{gsf/L
x'G5g\ lsgeg] tk:ofdf cxª\sf/sf] t[lKt klg x'g ;S5 .
ha s'g} JolQm b'v–;'v, ;Ddfg–ckdfg, hLjg–d[To' cflbdf klg b'v dfGb}g, ta p;leq
:jod\df l:y/ x'g ;Sg] tŒj k}bf x'G5, oxL tk xf] / tksf] cy{ cfTdjfg\ x'g' xf] . ha;Dd oL
cg'e"ltx¿n] xfdLnfO{ xNnfpF5g\, ta;Dd xfdL sdhf]/ x'G5f}+“ . kl/kSj cj:yf ta cfpF5 ha
åGåsf] lardf ;dtf efj kmlnt x'G5 . tk:of ¿k / b[Zo xf] eg] tk ¿kljxLg cb[Zo / ;dtf
xf] . >Ls[i0f tk:jLx¿df cfkm"nfO{ tk eGg'x'G5 . pxfF cg]s dfu{af6 a'emfpg] k|of; ug{'x'G5 .
dnfO{ ltdL sxL“+af6 vf]h / lrg, d]/f åf/x¿ cg]s 5g\ . ltdL b[ZonfO{ 5f]8]/ cb[Zodf plqg
;Sof} eg], ¿knfO{ 5f]8]/ c¿kdf x]g{ ;Sof} eg] ltdL dnfO{ lrGg] 5f} . Tolt dfq xf]Og≤ cfsf/nfO{
5f8]/ lg/fsf/df, Joy{nfO{ 5f8]/ ;f/e"tdf hfg ;Sof} eg] klg ltdLn] dnfO{ lrGg] 5f} . >Ls[i0fn]
…dÚ ;gftg sf/0f x'F eg]/ 5fl8lbg klg ;Sg'x'GYof] t/ olt w]/} pbfx/0f lbg'sf] sf/0f xfd|f] lrQsf]
cj:yfnfO{ x]/]/ xf] . ch{'gn] Tof] If0f u|x0f ug{ ;s"g\ eg]/ g} s?0ffjz >Ls[i0fn] olt w]/}
pbfx/0fx¿ lbg'ePsf] xf] . To;}n] t pxfFn] cnu–cnu dfu{af6 3Rf3RofO/xg'sf] sf/0f ch{'gsf]
;Dk"0f{ åf/ v'nf];\ / pgL ToxL åf/af6 k|j]z ug{ ;s"g\ eGg] xf] .
o] r}j ;flŒjsf efjf /fh;f:tfd;fZr o] .
dQ Pj]lt tflGjl4 g Tjx+ t]if' t] dlo ..!@..
;Œju'0f, /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0fsf efj Pjd\ j:t'x¿ h] hlt 5g\ tL ;a} daf6 g} pTklQ ePsf
x'g\ . d :jtGq ePsf]n] ltgLx¿sf cwLgdf 5}g t/ d]/f cwLgdf ltgLx¿ 5g\ ..
k|s[lt k/dfTdfdf lge{/ 5 t/ k/dfTdf k|s[ltdf lge{/ 5}g . of] lj/f]wfef;L h:tf] b]lvg]
egfOsf] ;f/ uxg 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;Œj, /h / tdf]u'0fn] ag]sf] k|s[lt …dÚdf 5 t/ …dÚ
k|s[ltdf 5}g cyf{t\ …dÚ lgln{Kt 5' . Pp6f 7'nf] j[Q agfcf}“,+ To;leq ;fgf] j[Q klg agfcf}+“ . o;f]
ubf{ 7'nf] j[Qdf ;fgf] j[Q x'G5 t/ ;fgf] j[Qdf 7'nf] j[Q c6fpFb}g . k|s[lt c;Ld / lj/f6\ 5
h;sf] ;'? / cGTo g} hfGg ;lsGg t/ k/dfTdfsf b[li6df k|s[lt s]xL klg xf]Og dfq ;fgf] /
;Lldt j[Q h:t} xf] . o:tf cgGt k|s[lt k/dfTdfdf x'G5g\, h'g aG5g\ / ;dfKt x'G5g\ .
k/dfTdfleq g} ;a} s'/f 3l6t x'G5 . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;a} s'/f …dÚ df 5 t/ …dÚ p;df
5}g . lj/f6\ 5'›df x'Fb}g t/ 5'› lj/f6\df x'G5 .
hf] k|s[lt;Fu dfq /xG5, To;df k/dfTdf x'Fb}g t/ hf] k/dfTdfdf k|j]z u5{ To;df k|s[lt
klg x'G5 . s[i0f, lh;;, a'4, dxfjL/ nufot xfdL ;a}df klg k|s[ltn] a/fa/ sfd ub{5 .

nf]suLtf– 294
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lh;;nfO{ z"nLdf r9fpFbf xfdLnfO{ h:t} b'V5 t/ pxfFnfO{ z"nLdf r9fpFbf pxfF k|s[ltaf6 kf/
eP/ k/dfTdfdf k|j]z ug{'x'G5 . xfdL d[To'sf] lgs6 x'Fbf kLl8t eP/ 56kl6G5f“}+ lsgeg] k|s[ltsf
cltl/Qm xfdLn] s]xL klg hfg]sf 5}gf}+“ . z/L/ 5'6\bf k|s[lt klg 6'6\5 To;}n] xfdL gi6 x'G5f}+“ . t/
qmfO:6sf] k|s[lt 5'6\bf pxfF cfglGbt x'g'x'G5 lsgeg] pxfF Tof] 7'nf] j[Qdf yfxf kfP/ k|j]z ub}{
x'g'x'G5 . ha xfd|f] k|s[lt 6'6\5 ta s]jn k|s[lt dfq 6'6\5 lsgeg] xfdLnfO{ k/dfTdfsf] hfgsf/L
5}g . h;n] k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGof] pm k|s[ltsf] ;fIfL x'G5 . p;n] ;fgf] j[Q b]v] klg pm 7'nf] j[Qdf
l:yt x'G5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ ghfGg] dflg; ;fgf] j[Qsf cltl/Qm s]xL klg b]Vb}g . k|s[ltdf cltzo
dg nfUg] JolQmnfO{ k/dfTdflt/ hfg ;Dej x'Fb}g .
;g\ !**) df o'/f]ksf] :k]gdf cNtfld/fsf] u'kmf kQf nfUof] . o;sf] vf]hdf Hofb} /f]rs
36gf 36\of] . Pp6f 7'nf] hldgbf/ bfg dfl;{nfgf]sf] kxf8L efudf of] u'kmf kfOof] . Tof] u'kmfdf
jiff{df df6fsf] sf/0f Ejfª k/]sf] lyof] . ToxLFaf6 Pp6f s's'/ leq k:of] t/ lg:sg g;s]kl5 e'Sg
yfNof] . ls;fg dfl;{nfgf]]n] hldg vg]/ s's'/ lgsfn] . s's'/ t lgl:sof] ;Fu;Fu} u'kmfsf] cfljisf/
klg eof] . dfl;{nfgf] Oltxf;sf ljBfyL{ lyP hf] dflg;sf] x8\8Lsf] cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf lyP .
u'kmfdf ax'd"No x8\8L klg kfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ;f]rsf sf/0f 6r{ afn]/ pgL u'kmfleq k;] . pgL 5
lbg;Dd lg/Gt/ x8\8Lsf] vf]hdf tNnLg /x] / ;ftf}F lbgdf ;fgL 5f]/L klg pgL;Fu k|j]z ul/g\ .
pQm u'kmfdf tL ;ft jif{sL s]6Ln] 6r{nfO6sf] k|sfzdf cfˆgf a'afnfO{ dfly x]g{ cfu|x ul/g\ .
dfl;{nfgf] x8\8Lsf] vf]h / cg';Gwfgdf olt Jo:t lyP ls pgn] dfly l;lnËdf x]/]sf klg
lyPgg\ . ha pgsL 5f]/Ln] lrRofP/ dfly x]g{ cfu|x ul/g\, ta l;lnËdf ax'd"No lrqx¿ sf]l/Psf
e]l6P . tL lrq cToGt ;'Gb/ / ev{/} sf]l/Psf h:tf b]lvGy] t/ tL lrqx¿ la; xhf/ jif{ k'/fgf
lyP .
ltg} k|frLg lrqsf sf/0f cNtfld/fsf] u'kmf ljZjk|l;4 eof] . tL o:tf ax'd"No / cb\e't
lrqx¿ lyP ls lksf;f]n] agfPsf lrqx¿eGbf sd ;'Gb/ lyPgg\ . k'/fgf] ;dodf olt ;'Gb/ lrq
agfpg] ;fwg lyP eg]/ kTofpg d'l:sn kYof{] . To; u'kmfdf Pp6f ;fF9]sf] lrq olt cb\e't lyof]
ls h;sf] d'sflanf ug{ cfh klg s'g} lrqsf/n] ;Sb}g . x8\8Lsf] vf]hdf tNnLg ePsfn]
dfl;{nfgf]sf] Wofg dfly l;lnËdf uPg t/ pgsL 5f]/Ln] dflylt/ gh/ k'¥ofPsf] x'gfn] pgL tL
lrq vf]Hg ;kmn eOg\ . o;}k|sf/ ha;Dd xfdLx¿ klg k|s[ltdf / hldgsf] sfdgf¿kL x8\8Lsf]
vf]hdf tNnLg x'G5f“}, ta;Dd k/dfTdflt/ b[li6 k'¥ofpg c;dy{ x'G5f“}+ . ha dflylt/ dfl;{nfgf]sL
5f]/Lsf] h:t} Wofg b[li6 k'Ub5, ta dfq xfdL nIo r'Dg ;kmn x'G5f“}+ . tn x]/]/ xf]Og dfly
k/dfTdflt/ b[li6 k'¥ofpg'k5{ . sfdgf, jf;gf, wg / kb k|lti7fsf] vf]h klg x8\8Lsf] vf]h g} xf] .
k|s[ltdf ?dlNnPsf] dg g t dfly p7\5 g t 7'nf] j[QnfO{ g} b]Vg ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f …dÚ df k|s[lt 5 t/ …dÚ k|s[ltdf 5}g eGg'x'G5 . ;fgf] j[Q 7'nf] j[Qdf x'G5 eg]
lgodcg';f/ 7'nf] j[Q ;fgf] j[Qdf x'g'kg]{ xf] t/ k|s[ltdf klg k/dfTdf 5 eg]/ dfGg] xf] eg]
JolQmn] k|s[lteGbf dfly p7\g] r]i6f g} ub}{g . o;f]eGbf z/L/ g} k/dfTdf x'G5 . JolQmdf z/L/af6
dfly lsg p7\g' eGg] efj cfpg ;S5 / p;n] k/dfTdf tŒjsf] vf]h g} ub}{g . h'g lbg 7'nf]
j[QnfO{ s;}n] hfGb5, Tof] lbg p;n] k|s[lt klg To;df g} 5 eg]/ hfGg] 5 . k/dfTdf¿kL Tof]
7'nf] j[Q klg k|s[ltdf 5 eGg] lalQs} xfdLh:tf c1fgL cfˆgf x/]s s[Todf k/dfTdfsf] vf]hsf]
ljrf/ g} d]6fpF5f“}+ . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f hfg]/} k|s[lt …dÚdf 5 t/ …dÚ k|s[ltdf 5}g, ltdLn] k|s[ltdf
hlt vf]h] klg dnfO{ kfpg ;Sb}gf} t/ dnfO{ kfof} eg] k|s[lt t :jtM kfOxfN5f} eGg'x'G5 . wgn]

nf]suLtf– 295
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JolQm wgL x'Fb}g . k/dfTdfsf] vf]hLn] eg] bl/› klg wgL x'G5 t/ xfdL k|e'afx]s cGo ;j} s'/fsf]
vf]hLdf /xG5f}“ . t;y{ g t vf]h]sf] kfOG5 g t k|e' g} e]l6G5 . oz hlt vf]h] klg kfOFb}g t/ k|e'
vf]Hbf t :jtM oz:jL eOG5 . k|]d aflx/ sxL“+ vf]Hbf kfOGg t/ k|fy{gfnfO{ vf]h] hLjg ;'uGwn]
el/P/ k|]dk"0f{ x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;Œj, /h / tdf]u'0f ;a} …dÚ df 5 t/ …dÚ To;df 5}g . k/dfTdf k|flKt
ljgf ;flŒjs JolQm klg wfld{s x'g ;Sb}g t/ /fh;L / tfd;L u'0fn] o'Qm dflg;df k/dfTdf k|j]z
u¥of] eg] pm tTsfn ;a} u'0faf6 kf/ x'G5 . cfˆg} ann] s'g} JolQm ;flŒjs eof] eg] pm cxª\sf/L
x'G5, cyf{t\ p;df kljq cxª\sf/n] hGd lnG5 . olb sf]xL bLgxLg, s'¿k / kfkL 5g\ eg] klg
k/dfTdfdf km8\sf] dfg{ ;Sof] eg] tTsfn cfuf]df kmf]x/ hn]h:tf] k/dfTdfsf] cfuf]df ;a} kfk /
cxª\sf/ hNb5 . cxª\sf/ gfz geO{ k/dfTdf kfpg ;lsGg . To;}n] >Ls[i0f klxn] ltdL k/dfTdf
vf]h eGg'x'G5 . ch{'g eGb} 5g\ ls dnfO{ of] o'4af6 efUg lbg'xf];\ lsgeg] d /fh;L / tfd;L
efj Tofu]/ ;flŒjs x'g rfxG5' . /fHo k|fKt ug{sf nflu ul/g] sf6df/ 5'› Jojxf/ d]/f] ;flŒjs
dgnfO{ lk|o nfUb}g . o'4 ug{'eGbf a9\tf t efUg' jf lev dfu]/ vfg' g} pQd x'g] 5 . o'4 ug{'eGbf
d hª\undf k|fy{gf u/]/ a:g pko'Qm 7fGb5' .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;Œj, /h / td oL tLg tŒj …dÚdf g} 5g\ . To;}n] olb ltdL …dÚdf
;dlk{t geO{ ;flŒjs x'g rfXof} eg] ltdL cxª\sf/L x'g] 5f} . ltd|f] ;Tjaf6 ;d:ofsf] xn x'Fb}g .
klxn] ltdL ddf k|fKt xf]pm clg ;Œj, /h / tdsf af/]df ;f]r . To;kl5 ltdL k|s[ltsf af/]df
klg ljrf/ u/ . gLltn] ;flŒjs ag / wd{n] wfld{s xf]pm eG5 . wd{ / gLltdf oxL cGt/ 5 .
gLlt eG5 klxn] cfˆgf] :jefj, cfr/0f abn≤ wd{n] eG5 klxn] k|e'df k|j]z xf]pm lsgeg] wd{nfO{
k|fKt gu/L cfr/0f dfq kl/jt{g u/] klg Tof] ltd|} cfr/0f x'g] 5 hf] ltdL eGbf 7'nf] x'Fb}g . s'g}
JolQm klg cfkm+}“åf/f ;bfr/0fdf pknAw x'g ;Sb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k/dfTdfdf klxn] b[li6 nufpm, kl/jt{g cfkm}+“ x'G5 lsgeg] To;a]nf ltdL
k/dfTdfs} xft x'g] 5f} . lj/f6\ b]Vgf;fy xfdL leqsf 5'›tfx¿ :jtM x6\g yfN5g\ . h'g lbg
k/dfTdfk|lt b[li6 p7\5 To;}lbg Tof] lj/f6\df ;Dk"0f{ k|s[lt b]lvg] 5 / xfdL cs}{ JolQm x'g] 5f}+ .
To; lbg a]l7s sfo{ ug{ c;Dej x'g] 5 . To;kl5 sfd / qmf]w em'6 x'g} ;Sb}g lsgeg] :jod\
k/dfTdf g} b]v]kl5 s;}n] klg unt sfo{ ug{ ;Sb}g . ha sf]xL k/dfTdfdf Ps x'G5, ta stf{
;dfKt eP/ s]jn k|e' dfq stf{ xf] eGg] yfxf x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚdf ;f/f k|s[lt 5,
To;}n] ltdL dnfO{ vf]h clg k|s[lt ltdLnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 t/ k|s[lt vf]h]/ dnfO{ kfpFb}gf} .
;Œju'0fsf] s'/f gu/≤ /h / tdf]u'0fsf] klg lgGbf gu/ lsgeg] oL tLg u'0f …dÚdf g} 5g\ . To;}n]
ltdL d]/f] z/0fdf cfpm . ltdL v08sf] xf]Og cv08 cyf{t\ k"0f{tfsf] s'/f u/ . k/dfTdfnfO{
a'‰gf;fy ;a} j:t' / JolQm cfˆgf nfUg] 5g\, leq k|km'Nntf km'Ng] 5 / ;a} cfˆgf x'g\ eGg] efjn]
k/dfgGbdf lj/fhdfg x'g] 5f} . k|s[ltdf vf]Hg] JolQmn] of] cfgGb kfpFb}g t/ k/dfTdfdf h;n]
vf]H5 p;n] Tof] cfgGb k|s[ltdf klg kfpg] 5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb k|s[lttkm{ ltdLn] Wofg lbof} eg] ltdL …dÚ ;Dd cfOk'Ug ;Sb}gf} .
oBlk k|s[lt …dÚ df x'G5 t/ klg ltdL …dÚ sxfF cfpg kfpFb}gf} lsgeg] …dÚ cb[Zo ¿kdf n's]sf]
x'G5' . h] ltdL b]V5f} Tof] …dÚ xf]Og / h] b]lvFb}g Tof] …dÚ x'F . ltdL cb[ZonfO{ b]Vg ;kmn eof} eg]
b[Zodf x]g{ Hofb} ;/n x'G5 . Wjlg/lxt Wjlg ;'Gg ;Sg]n] Wjlg ;'Gg / zAb/lxt zAb hfGg ;Sof]
eg] zAb ;lhn} hfGg ;lsG5 . lj/f6\nfO{ x]g{ ;Sg]n] 5'› j:t'nfO{ ;lhn} x]g{ ;S5 . To;}n] s[i0fsf]

nf]suLtf– 296
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k4lt k"0f{af6 k|f/De ug]{ k4lt xf] . ;d:t lj1fgsf] k4lt v08af6 ;'? ug]{ x'G5 eg] wd{sf] k4lt
k"0f{af6 k|f/De ug]{ x'G5 . wd{ / lj1fgsf] cGt/ oxL xf] . lj1fg k/df0f'af6 jf 5'›af6 ;''? u5{
lsgeg] hlt 5'› x'G5 Tolt g} JolQmn] To;nfO{ ;lhnf];Fu ljZn]if0f ug{ ;S5 . wd{n] lj/f6\af6
;'? ug]{ x'Fbf o;nfO{ ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsGg . lj/f6\nfO{ hfGg :jod\ g} lj/f6\sf] r/0fdf kg{'k5{ . wd{
k"0f{af6 ;''? x'g] x'gfn] o;sf] ljlw ;dk{0f xf] eg] lj1fg 5'›af6 ;'? x'g] x'gfn] o;sf] ljlw ;ª\3if{
xf] . lj1fg cfk"mnfO{ lhTg] efiffdf / wd{ ;dk{0f cyf{t\ cfk"mnfO{ xfg]{ efiffdf ;f]Rb5 . >Ls[i0f …dÚ
t of] 5'›df klg 5' t/ ltdL k"0f{af6 ;''? u/ eGg'x'G5 .
lqleu{'0fdo}ef{j}/]leM ;j{ldb+ hut\\ .
df]lxt+ gflehfgflt dfd]EoM k/dJood\ ..!#..
;Œj, /h / td oL tLg u'0fsf] sfo{¿kn] df]lxt ePsf k|f0fLx¿ ;du|df of] ;+;f/,
ltgLx¿eGbf dfly of cnu /x]sf] cfkm}+“nfO{ k}bf ug]{ cljgfzL …dÚnfO{ lrGg c;dy{ 5g\ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;Dk"0f{ dflg; k|s[ltsf df]xdf x'G5g\ . df]xsf] sf/0f axfgf km/s km/s
x'g;S5 t/ df]xsf] kl/0ffd eg] Pp6} x'G5 . tLg u'0f ;Œj, /h / tdaf6 df]lxt x'g]x¿n] …dÚnfO{
hfGg ;Sb}gg\ cyf{t\ u'0faf6 df]lxt x'g]x¿n] cljgfzL tŒjnfO{ hfGg ;Sb}gg\ lsgeg] …dÚ tL
u'0feGbf dfly 5' . /h / tdf]u'0fLn] dfq xf]Og ;Œju'0fLn] klg …dÚ nfO{ hfGg ;Sb}g . g/fd|f] jf
v/fa k|j[lQsf dflg;sf ;fy} ;Œju'0f k|wfg JolQm klg k|s[ltdf g} df]lxt x'G5g\ . /fd|f] sfd klg
k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t gu/Lsg df]xjz u/]df To;af6 klg cxª\sf/ g} lgld{t x'G5 . ;flŒjs
JolQmx¿ klg cfˆg} k|lqmofcg';f/ cfˆgf] cl:tTj alnof] agfpg nflu/x]sf x'G5g\ . k/dfTdf
cyf{t\ …k/dsfÚ cltl/Qm ;a} ;Ddf]xg xf] . k/dfTdfsf cltl/Qm ;a} df]xsf] cfwf/ ag]/ dgnfO{
d"l5{t t'NofpF5g\ .
ch{'g ;Œj;Fu df]lxt ePsfn] >Ls[i0f eGb} x'g'x'G5– ;a} sd{ rfx] /fd|f] jf g/fd|f] g} lsg
gxf];\ Tof] ;a} k|s[ltsf] xf] / Tof] k|s[lt;Fu df]lxt x'g] JolQmn] dnfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . s[i0fsf] o;
sygsf] lgiklQ k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg b'isd{af6 dfq xf]Og ;'sd{af6 klg dfly p7\g'k5{ eGg] xf] .
p;nfO{ kfpg c;t\ j[lQsf ;fy} ;t\j[lQ klg TofUg'k5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL ;Œjdf
nfUg] ljrf/ gu/ / ;fw'tfsf] s'/f klg gu/ lsgeg] …dÚdf k|fKt geO{ sf]xL klg ;fw' x'g} ;Sb}g .
To;eGbf cl3 pxfF ;a} dgsf] wf]sf dfq xf] eGg'x'G5 . ha;Dd k|s[ltsf] u'0feGbf dfly sf]xL
p7\b}g, ta;Dd ;fw' aGg] s'/f wf]sf dfq xf] . lrQ o:tf] ;dtfdf x'g'k5{ ls /fd|f]–g/fd|f], sfd–
qmf]w, nf]e–df]x, ;]jf, ;b\efj, dËn, sNof0f cflb s'g}n] klg cfsif{0f jf cgfsif{0f ug{ g;sf];\ .
o:tf] l:yltdf lrQ l:y/ x'G5, cGoyf ef“}+tfl/G5 . lrQ ta dfq /f]lsG5 ha b'j}af6 dfly p7\5 /
o:tf] cj:yfdf Pp6f gofF cfofddf ofqf ;''? x'G5 . Tof] ofqf cGt/ofqf jf pmWj{ofqf xf] .
To;kl5 dfq JolQm k|s[lteGbf dfly p7]/ k/dfTdfnfO{ cg'ej ug{ ;Sg] x'G5 . To;}n] ;fw'nfO{
eGbf ;GtnfO{ d"No / cfb/ lbOPsf] xf] .
;fw' / b'i6 b'j} Pp6} ;+;f/df /xG5g\ . Pp6f ;'sd{df / csf]{ b'isd{df Jo:t x'G5g\ t/
b'j}sf] gh/ cfsfzlt/ geO{ hldgd} x'G5 . ;Gt Tof] xf] hf] /fd|f]–g/fd|f]af6 cfˆgf] b[li6 p7fP/
k/dfTdfnfO{ lrGg ;Ifd x'G5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ hflg;s]sf] JolQm g} ;Gt xf] . k/dfTdf lrGg g;Sg]
JolQmsf] ;fw'tf b'i6sf] lj?4 ;ª\3if{ dfq x'G5 . ;fw' Tof] xf] h;n] qmf]wnfO{ leq bafP/ cqmf]wL,
b'i6 k|j[lQnfO{ leq bafP/ ;Hhg / cxª\sf/nfO{ bafP/ ljgd| ePsf] 5 . t/ leq ;a} ljs[lt
df}h'b x'G5 lsgeg] Tof] leq blaP/ a;]sf] x'G5 / lj>fdsf] k|tLIff ul//x]sf] x'G5 . ha;Dd

nf]suLtf– 297
cWofo–&
b'ik|j[lQ sfod /xG5 ;fw'kg s]jn ;txL dfq x'G5 . ;Gt k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg] JolQm xf] . p;leq
s'g} ;ª\3if{, c;ª\ult blaPsf] gx'Fbf ljk/Ltsf] s'g} ;Defjgf x'Fb}g . k/dfTdfnfO{ lrGg] lalQs}
JolQmsf] b'i6tf :jtM ;dfKt eO{ pm ;Gt x'G5 . 7'nf] j[Q k/dfTdf xf], To;leqsf] ;fgf] j[Q k|s[lt
xf] / To;eGbf klg ;fgf] j[Q dg'io xf] . k|s[lt k/dfTdfdf x'G5 t/ k/dfTdf k|s[ltdf x'Fb}g, To:t}
dg'io k|s[ltdf x'G5 t/ k|s[lt dg'iodf x'Fb}g . dg'io k|s[ltsf lj/f]wdf n8\of] eg] lglZrt xfg]{ 5
lsgeg] k|s[lt lj/f6\ 5 . k|s[lt JolQmdf leq n's]sf] 5 t/ JolQm ;b}j k|s[lt;Fu n8]/ xfb{5 .
ha xfdL qmf]w;Fu n8\5f“},+ ta xfdL k|s[ltsf] Ps lx:;f;Fu nl8/x]sf x'G5f“}+ . qmf]w ulx/f]
ePsfn] xfdLn] qmf]w gug]{ lg0f{o u/] klg leqsf] ulx/f] k|s[ltn] jf:tf ub}{g / qmf]w ul/xfN5f}+“ .
k|s[lt;Fu xfdL cfˆgf] an Pjd\ zlQmn] n8\g ;Sb}gf“}+, To;}n] t xfdL k|ltlbg xf5f}{+ . olb k|s[ltnfO{
x/fpg' 5 eg] Tof] 7'nf] j[Qsf] ;xf/fdf hfg'k5{ . k/dfTdfsf] ;xf/f kfPkl5 dfq k|s[ltnfO{ x/fpg
;Dej x'G5 . h;/L k|s[lt xfdLeGbf ljzfn ePsf sf/0f xfdL p;;Fu xd];f xf5f}{+, To;/L g} k|s[lt
klg Tof] lj/f6\ zlQm;Fu xf5{ lsgeg] k/dfTdfsf cufl8 k|s[lt s]xL xf]Og . pbfx/0fsf nflu
k/dfTdf ;fu/ xf], k|s[lt To;sf] 5fn xf] / xfdL t Tof] t/Ë dfly Pp6f ;fgf] t[0f dfq xf}+“ .
To;}n] xfdL xd];f 5fnaf6 xf5f}{+ t/ ;fu/sf] ;xf/f lnof“}+ eg] lglZrt ¿kdf lhTg] 5f“}+ .
k/dfTdfsf] ;xf/f lng' / p;df ;dlk{t x'g'sf] cy{ xf] k|s[lt;Fu dg'iosf] l;wf n8fOF c;Dej 5 .
To;}n] k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t x'g] lalQs} xfd|f] k|s[lt;Fusf] n8fOF g} ;dfKt x'G5 / k/dfTdfnfO{
b]Vgf;fy k|s[lt zfGt x'G5 .
cfkm“} ;flŒjs x'g] r]i6f k/dfTdfdf ;dlk{t geO{ k|s[lt;Fu n8\g] r]i6f dfq xf] . k/dfTdf
oL tLg u'0feGbf dfly x'G5 . ha lrQdf oL tLg u'0f x'Fb}gg\, ta lrQ k/dfTdflt/ p7\5 . /h;\\ /
td;\\ zlQmsf b'j} lbzfx¿ ;Gt'lnt eP/ aGb eP kZrft\ zlQm dflylt/ t];|f] ofqflt/ hfg yfN5
/ Tof] t];|f] ofqf k/dfTdfsf] ofqf xf] hxfF z'e–cz'e Pjd\ åGå geO{ cå}t dfq x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– klxnf ltdL Tof] k/dfTdfsf] Hof]ltsf] bz{g u/ clg ;Œj jf ;fw'tfsf] s'/f u/ . ltdLdf
k/dfTdfsf] gh/ kgf{;fy ltdL ;fw' aGg} kb}{g, cfkm}+“ ;fw' aGg] 5f} . Psk6s p;sf] bz{g u/
To;kl5 ltdL kf/ x'G5f} t/ p;sf] bz{g kfpgsf nflu k|s[ltsf tLg u'0f ;Œj, /h / tdaf6
dfly p7\g'k5{ . >Ls[i0f oL tLg u'0f;Dd k|s[lt 5 / o;eGbf dfly d u'0fftLt 5' eGg'x'G5 .
b}jL ≈o]iff u'0fdoL dd dfof b'/Toof .
dfd]j o] k|kBGt] dfofd]tf+ t/lGt t] ..!$..
k|s[ltsf ;Œj, /h / td u'0fn] o'Qm d]/f] cnf}lss zlQmaf6 kf/ kfpg Hofb} sl7g 5 t/
s'g} k'?if d]/f] z/0fdf k5{g\ / dnfO{ lg/Gt/ eHb5g\ eg] ltgLx¿ dfof / ej;fu/af6 ;lhn} kf/
x'g ;S5g\ ..
k|s[ltsf] zlQm cnf}lss, cb\e't, Pjd\ sl7g 5 lsgeg] k|s[ltsf] zlQm klg k/dfTdfsf]
zlQm g} xf] . xfdL klg ToxL zlQmaf6 lgld{t ePsf xf“}+ . xfdLleqsf] r}tGo afx]s ;a} s'/f
k|s[ltaf6 ag]sf] 5 . xfd|f] z/L/, dg, a'l4 ;a} s'/f k|s[lt lgld{t x'g\ . xfdL ha df6f];Fu n8\5f}+
ta xfd|f] df6f] g} nl8/x]sf] x'G5 . xfdL k|s[ltnfO{ g} k|s[ltsf lj?4df n8fO/x]sf 5f}+ . To;}n] xfdL
k|s[ltnfO{ lhTg ;Sb}gf}+ lsgeg] k|s[lt Hofb} Jofks 5 . s[i0fsf] egfOcg';f/ k|s[lt Hofb} ljlrq,
cb\e't / cnf}lss 5 . of] zlQm c;fwf/0f x'g'sf sf/0f Tof] k/dfTdfsf] g} zlQm eP/ xf] . nx/
hlt ;fgf] eP klg Tof] ;fu/sf] g} c+z xf] . To;}n] ha JolQm cfˆgf] Ifdtfn] n8]/ kf/ u5{' eGg]
ljrf/ u5{ ta Tof] Hofb} sl7g x'G5 t/ k/dfTdfsf] ;xf/f lnPdf of] ;Dej x'G5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0f

nf]suLtf– 298
 cWofo–&
d]/f] ;xf/f lnP/ …dÚ df e/f];f /fVof} eg] Tof] Hofb} ;/n x'Gf]5 eGg'x'G5 . lj/f6\ zlQm;Fu e/f];f
ePdf n8fOF Hofb} ;lhnf] x'G5 t/ JolQm cfkm}+“ n8\of] eg] lhTg c;Dej x'G5 . s[i0fsf] lg/Gt/
ehgn] dfq k|s[lt¿kL ;+;f/af6 kf/ kfOG5 .
lg/Gt/ eHg' cfTolGts efjbzf xf] . hxfF h] b[Zo 5 ToxfF s[i0fs} :d/0f /xf];\ . km"n b]Vbf
km"nsf] xf]Og, ef]hg ubf{ ef]hgsf] xf]Og s[i0fsf] :d/0f /xf];\ / km"n, ef]hg s[i0f¿k agf];\ .
p7\bf, a:bf, ;'Tbf /f}+“ /f“}+df efjk"j{s s[i0fsf] :d/0f g} eO/xf];\, ;'v–b'v Pjd\ ljklQdf klg pgsf]
g} :d/0f /xf];\ / ;a} s'/f pg}df ;dlk{t xf]cf];\ . o:tf] efj ePdf xfd|f] r]tgf ToxLF aUg yfN5
hxfF xfd|f] :d[lt x'G5 . o:tf] efjdf k|j]z u¥of] eg] k/dfTdfsf] ehg lg/Gt/ x'G5 . cfdf /
aRrfsf] k|]ddf zAb x'Fb}g, s]jn efjbzf x'G5 . cfdfn] aRrfnfO{ 5ftLdf 6fF:bf aRrf pgdf
;dflxt x'G5 . cfdf / aRrfsf] h:t} lg/Gt/ xfdL / k/dfTdfsf lardf To:t} efjk"0f{ ;DaGw
:yflkt u/]df o:tf] JolQm k/dfTdfsf] lg/Gt/ ehgdf x'G5 .
k|e':d/0f ug]{ efjsf] cGt/wf/f alu/Xof] eg] o:tf JolQmsf] k/dfTdf;Fu ;]t' lgld{t x'G5 .
o:tf] ;]t' lgld{t ePkl5 JolQm k|s[lteGbf lga{n x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ha;Dd ;]t' aGb}g,
ta;Dd k|s[lt dxfg\ zlQmzfnL x'G5 / ;]t' ag]kl5 JolQmsf] zlQm k/dfTdfs} zlQm eP/ k|s[ltnfO{
;xhtfk"j{s k/flht ug{ ;lsG5 . xfdL cfˆgf] zlQmn] k|s[lt;Fu n8\g c;dy{ 5f}“ oBlk x/]s
c;kmntfkl5 ;kmntf kfpg] cfzfdf ToxL e'n ul//xG5f}+“ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ k|lt
;dlk{t xf]pm / of] bf}8af6 ar . oL k|s[ltsf tLg u'0f / ;Ddf]xgsf] hfn d]/f] of]udfof xf] . of]
of]udfofdf ;f/f hut\\ bf}l8/x]sf] 5 . ltdL l:y/ eP/ d]/f] :d/0f u/ . k/dfTdfsf] :d/0f
;Ddf]xgsf] ljk/Lt x'G5 / o;n] ;Ddf]xgnfO{ tf]8]/ ;dfKt kf5{ .
af6fdf ;'Gb/L o'jtL b]Vbf tL o'jtLdf klg s[i0fsf], leq hxfFaf6 of] cfsif{0f cfPsf] 5
ToxfF klg s[i0fs} :d/0f u/f}+“ . lardf k}bf ePsf] ;Ddf]xg / jf;gf s[i0f :d/0f ugf{;fy kl5 x6\g]
5 . d k/dfTdfsf] bz{g ul//x]sf] 5' eGg] efj cfpgf;fy tL ;'Gb/ o'jtLdf klg k|e' b]lvG5 /
jf;gfsf] cj:yf ;dfKt x'G5 . crfgs leqaf6 cGwsf/ x/fP/ pHofnf] ePsf] cg'ej x'G5 .
xfdLleq qmf]wsf] w'jfF p7]sf] cj:yf k|s[ltsf] ;Ddf]xg xf] . To; a]nf klg s[i0f :d/0f ug]{ lalQs}
qmf]wsf] kª\vf hf] p8\g tof/ ePsf] lyof] Tof] v'lDrP/ ;dfKt x'G5 . olb cfkm"nfO{ stf{ ePsf]
;Dem]df ;Ddf]xg cem ;;Qm ag]/ cfkm}nfO{ d"lR5{t u5{ . oL k|s[ltsf tLg u'0fsf nLnf ;j{q
rln/xG5g\ . o;af6 p7\g] åf/ g} k|e':d/0f xf] .
g df+ b'is[ltgf] d"9fM k|kBGt] g/fwdfM .
dfoofkXt1fgf cf;'/+ efjdfl>tfM ..!%..
hf] b'i6, d"v{ / ;a}eGbf cwd 5g\, h;sf] 1fg df]xu|:t 5, hf] /fIf;L :jefjsf 5g\ tL
d"9x¿ d]/f z/0fdf cfpFb}gg\ ..
rt'lj{wf ehGt] df+ hgfM ;'s[ltgf]˜h{'g .
cftf]{ lh1f;'/yf{yL{ 1fgL r e/tif{e ..!^..
x] e/t >]i7 ch{'g Û pQd sd{ ug]{, ;sfd b'vaf6 d'Qm x'g] OR5f ePsf] 1fgL / lh1f;' oL
rf/ k|sf/sf dflg;x¿n] dfq dnfO{ eHb5g\ ..
k|e'sf] :d/0f s'g dg'ion] u5{g\ oxL o; Znf]ssf] d"n wf/0ff xf] . dg'ionfO{ xfdL lzIff,
wg;Dkbf, j0f{ cyf{t\ /ªsf cfwf/df, lzlIft–clzlIft, wgL–ul/a / sfnf]–uf]/f] u/L b'O{ efudf
afXo ljefhg u5f}{ t/ k|e'lt/ pGd'v x'g] / pGd'v gx'g] JolQmsf] ljefhg clGtd / k/d ljefhg

nf]suLtf– 299
cWofo–&
xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d"9 JolQmx¿n] dnfO{ eHb}gg\ . pxfF ;Tosf af/]df atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . d"9
eGg' tYosf] 3f]if0ff xf], of] s;}nfO{ ufnL xf]Og . jf:tjdf hf] k/dfTdflt/ pGd'v geO{ a;]sf] x'G5
Tof] d"9 g} xf] . of] pxfFn] l/;fP/ eGg'ePsf] xf]Og . oyfy{df d"9 JolQmx¿n] cfTd3ft ul//x]sf
x'G5g\ . d"9sf] cy{ d"v{ dfq xf]Og . d"v{sf] cy{ sd a'l4dfg\ xf] / h;nfO{ xfdL a'l4dfg\ eG5f“},+ Tof]
sd d"v{ xf] . d"v{ / a'l4dfg\sf larsf] cGt/ dfqfsf] x'G5, u'0fsf] xf]Og . cfkm" h'g xfFufdf a;]sf]
5 ToxL xfFuf sf6\g] sfnLbf; d"9tfsf] k|tLs xf] . d"9 o:tf] JolQm xf] h;n] cfTd3ft u5{ .
k/dfTdflt/ ljd'v eP/ a:g] eGbf 7'nf] d"9 of cfTd3ftL c¿ sf]xL x'Fb}g lsgeg] o:tf] JolQm
;a}lt/af6 gf]S;fgLdf k5{ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f d"9 eg]/ o:tf JolQmsf af/]df ;"rgf lbO/xg' ePsf]
5.
hlt;'s} wg–;DklQ, oz cflb k|fKt u/] klg k/dfTdfljgf xfdL bl/› g} x'G5f}F lsgeg] pm
xfd|f] k/d ;Dkbf xf] . k/dfTdf ljgf htf bf}l8P klg cGt ;dodf xfdL hxfF klxnf lyof}+ ToxL
plePsf] kfpg] 5f}“ . k/dfTdfsf lj?4df pleg' eg]sf] cfˆg} lj?4df pleg' xf] . h'g JolQm
k/dfTdfk|lt pGd'v x'Fb}g pm cfkm"k|lt klg ljk/Lt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] JolQm d"9 xf] hf]
k/dfTdfsf] ehg ub}{g . ehgsf] cy{ k/dfTdf / cfkm"lar ;]t' agfpg' xf] . k/dfTdfsf] zlQmnfO{
hf] cfˆgf] zlQm dfGb}g Tof] lj/f6\ pmhf{;Fu n8\5 / lglZrt xf5{, h:tf] nx/ ;fu/;Fu n8\g vf]Hbf
xf5{ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 d"9hgn] dnfO{ eHb}gg\ / of] d"9tfdf pgLx¿ cfˆg} ljgfz
ul/x/]sf x'G5g\ .
cfˆgf] hLjgsf] clGtd ;dodf k|mfo8n] dg'ioleq d[To'sf] cfsfª\Iff -yfgf6f]h_ klg /x]sf]
s'/fsf] vf]h u/]sf lyP . pgn] hLjge/ cfsif{0f -O/f]h_ sfdjf;gf g} hLjgsf] OR5f xf] eg]sf
lyP t/ cGTodf pgnfO{ of] cw'/f] nfUof] . dfgjleq dg]{ OR5f n's]sf] x'G5 . To;nfO{ pgn] d[To'sf]
cfsfª\Iff eg] . dfgjdf o:tf] tŒj klg 5 hf] :jod\nfO{ gi6 ug{ klg cft'/ x'G5 . k|mfo8sf] of]
vf]hn] klZrddf cfZro{ pTkGg u¥of] . t/ k"j{df dg'ioleq dg]{ / afFRg] b'j} cfsfª\Iff x'G5g\ eGg]
1fg w]/} klxn]b]lv lyof] . :j:y JolQm hLjgsf] cfsfª\Iffsf] ofqf u5{ eg] c:j:Yo JolQm d[To'sf]
cfsfª\Iffsf] ofqf u5{ . hLjgsf] cfsfª\Iffdf afFRg] JolQm k/dfTdfsf] ofqfdf pGd'v x'G5 . d[To'sf]
cfsfª\Iffn] afFRg] JolQm k/dfTdfaf6 ljd'v x'G5 .
cfkm"nfO{ ;tfpg] JolQm d"9 xf] . cfkm"nfO{ ;tfpg] ljlw eg]sf] k|e'sf] lj:d/0f xf] .
k/dfTdfsf] lj:d/0f x'Fbf 7'nf] si6sf ;fy JolQm d/L d/L afFR5, h'g d[To'eGbf si6s/ / kL8fbfoL
x'G5 . k|e'ljxLg hLjgdf zq'sf] rf}tkmL{ 3]/fdf kl/G5 . qmf]w, lx+;f, rf]/L, pk›j cflb ;a} jl/kl/
hDdf eO{ logLx¿sf lardf xfdL afFRg'k5{, k|e'lt/ ljd'v cj:yf o:t} x'G5 . k|e'sf] ;fy 5f]8\g]n]
b'u'{0fsf ;fy} ktg / gs{sf] jf; kfpF5 . k|fy{gf ug{' sl7g sfo{ xf] . wg, kb, oz, :jf:Yo, ;'v
kfpg] clenfiffn] k|e'sf] gfd pRrf/0f ug{' Pjd\ dlGb/ hfg' k|fy{gf xf]Og lsgeg] o;sf] k|of]hg
k/dfTdf;Fu geO{ cfˆgf] ;'vsf nflu x'G5 . of] t k/dfTdfaf6 ;'v kfOPnf eg]/ pxfFnfO{ ;fwgsf]
¿kdf k|of]u u/]sf] dfq xf] . d"9hg klg k|fy{gf u5{g\ t/ pgLx¿ h] h:tf s'/f u5{g\ TfL k|fy{gf
geO{ s]jn 5'› dfu dfq x'g\ . k|fy{gf eg]sf] dfu geO{ ljgfdfusf] wGojfb xf] . k/dfTdfn] h]
lbPsf] 5 To;sf nflu wGojfb 1fkg ug{' Pjd\ cg'u|xsf] efj JoQm ug'{ g} k|fy{gf xf] . xfdL t
k/dfTdf;dIf wGojfb xf]Og cfˆgf c;Gt'li6x¿ lnP/ hfG5f}+“ . d"9sf] k|fy{gfnfO{ s[i0f k|fy{gf
eGg'x'Gg lsgeg] pm k/dfTdfnfO{ xf]Og, k/dfTdfsf] axfgfdf hut\ / s]jn ;f+;fl/s j:t'x¿nfO{
dfq eHb5 .

nf]suLtf– 300
 cWofo–&
>Ls[i0f lh1f;', d'd'If', ;flŒjs hg, a'l4dfg\ Pjd\ ;bfrf/df /x]sf JolQmx¿n] dnfO{
eHb5g\ eGg'x'G5 . jf:tjdf ltg} JolQmx¿ a'l4dfg\ x'g\ h;n] ;+;f/sf] ;f/f cj;/nfO{ k|e'sf]
bz{g kfpgdf nufpF5g\ . To;sf cltl/Qm ;a} a'l4xLg x'g\ . hLjg j:t';ª\u|x ug{df dfq klg
nufpg ;lsG5 t/ Tof] kfP/ klg s]xL k|flKt x'Fb}g . l;sGb/ ;f/f ;+;f/ lht]/ klg ;'vL ePgg\
lsgeg] ;'vsf] ;DaGw ;f/f hut\\ lhTg';Fu x'Fb}g . xfd|f] dgn] rfx]h:tf] ;a} kfP klg leq ;a}
vfnL x'G5 . hLjgsf] ulx/f] ;To k/dfTdfsf] vf]h xf] . p;sf] k|flKtdf cd[t k|fKt x'G5 . h'g
hGdeGbf klxn] klg lyof] / d[To'kl5 klg To:t} /xG5 . Tof] ;f/f kl/jt{gleq zfZjt,
pynk'yndf klg l:yt, cfFwLx¿sf] lardf cl8u / hLjg / d[To'sf] lar h'g Ps 5 Tof] Pssf]
vf]h g} k/dfTdfsf] vf]h xf] . of] Pssf] vf]hdf nfUg] dflg; g} lglZrt ¿kdf a'l4dfg\ xf] . d]wfjL
ToxL xf] h;n] dfgj hLjgdf k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt u5{ . k|e'nfO{ eHg] JolQm g} a'l4dfg\ x'g\ .
k|e':d/0fsf] cy{ cd[to'Qm k/d;Qfsf] :d/0f ug'{ xf] . of] :d/0f s]xL ;dosf nflu dfq
gfdf]Rrf/0f ul/P h:tf] xf]Og≤ of] :d/0f t /f“}+ /f“}+df, k|To]s ;f;df, Åbosf] w8\sgdf k|j]z ug{'k5{ .
p7\bf, a:bf, ;'Tbf vfFbf, lxF8\bf ;b}j k|e'ehgdf ha sf]xL nfUb5 ToxL JolQm a'l4dfg\ sxnfpF5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hut\df b'O{ k|sf/sf JolQmx¿ 5g\M Pp6f d"9hg / csf]{ a'l4dfg\ . d"9hg …dÚ
lt/ cfFvf nufpFb}gg\ / a'l4dfg\ hf] d]/f cltl/Qm sxLF klg gh/ nufpFb}gg\ lsgeg] …dÚdf cfFvf
nufpg] lalQs} cfFvf nufpg of]Uo ;+;f/df s'g} kbfy{ jf JolQm g} x'Fb}g . dnfO{ h;n] k|fKt u5{
p;n] ;a} kfpF5 . ;a} d"9 a'l4dfg\ / ;a} a'l4dfg\ d"9 klg x'g ;S5g\ . ;a} ;Gtx¿sf] o:t}
ctLt 5 . ;a} kfkLx¿sf] eljio 5 / sf]xL klg kfkaf6 gu'h|Lsg ;GtTjdf k'Ub}g . cGt/ Ps
km\8sfsf] dfq 5 h;af6 ¿kfGt/0f x'g ;S5 . Psk6s km/Ss kmls{g (About turn) ;Sof] eg]
d"9 klg a'l4dfg\ x'g ;S5 .
xfdL hLjg¿kL wg s}of“}+k6s u'dfP/ klg To;af6 cg'ej lnFb}gf}+ . xfdL ;+;f/;Fu ljlIfKt
¿kdf ;Ddf]xgdf k/]sf 5f}+ / k"/f afFlwPsf 5f}+ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– dfof / ;Ddf]xgdf 8'a]sf,
k|s[ltsf] u'0faf6 cf;Qm ePsf d"9hg d]/f] ehg ub}{gg\ / k|s[ltsf] :d/0f ub{5g\ . pgLx¿ b'vsf
cltl/Qm cGo s]xL kfpFb}gg\ / ;'v kfpg] cfzfdf s}of}+“ hGd latfpF5g\ . wg–;Dkbf, kb, 3/–
kl/jf/ cflbsf] vf]hdf d[To'sf cltl/Qm c¿ s]xL k|fKt x'Fb}g . hlt wg k|fKt eP klg leq JolQm
lgw{g g} /xG5 . hlt pRr kb k|fKt u/] klg leq xLgtf g} /xG5 . dgf]j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\–
/fhgLlt1df hlt xLgtfsf] efj cGo s;}df klg x'Fb}g . /fhgLlt1x¿ xLgtfsf] u|lGyaf6 kLl8t
eP/ kbsf] vf]hdf lgl:sG5g\ .
n]lggsf v'§fn] s';L{df a:bf klg e'OF 5'Fb}gy] . dflysf] efu 7'nf] lyof] t/ tnsf] efu ;fgf]
cyf{t\ 5f]6f] lyof] . P8n/ eG5g\– xLgtfsf sf/0f d s]xL x'F eg]/ b]vfpgsf nflu n]lggn] Tolt
7'nf] if8\oGq ug{ ;kmn eP . h;leq xLgtfsf] u|lGy x'G5 pgLx¿ 7'nf] kbdf a;]/ hgtfnfO{
b]vfpg rfxG5g\ ls xfdL klg s]xL xf“}+ . o;n] jf:tjdf s]xL cGt/ kb}{g lsgeg] xLg JolQm cflv/
;b}j xLg g} x'G5 . Tof] kb / k|lti7fdf klg p;sf] xLgtf b]lvG5 . olb xfdLdf cg'ejaf6 kf7
l;Sg] l:ylt aGof] eg] k|s[ltsf] ;Ddf]xg 6'lqmG5 / xfd|f] cfFvf k|e'lt/ s]lG›t x'g yfN5 .
;Ddf]xgdf afFlwg' d"9tf / k|e'lt/ hfg' a'l4dfgL xf] .
t]iff+ 1fgL lgToo'Qm PselQmlj{lziot] .
lk|of] lx 1flggf]˜Toy{dx+ ; r dd lk|oM ..!&..

nf]suLtf– 301
cWofo–&
ltgLx¿dWo] klg hf] cgGo k|]d / elQmjfnf 5, 1fgL 5, hf] lgTo …dÚdf Ps} efjn] l:yt
x'G5 ToxL g} ;j{>]i7 xf] lsgeg] cgGo efjn] dnfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGg] 1fgLnfO{ …dÚ lk|o 5' / Tof] 1fgL
dnfO{ lk|o 5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Pp6} ¿kn] cgGo efjsf ;fy tŒjnfO{ hfg]/ h;n] dnfO{ k|]d u5{ Tof]
1fgL xf] . Pp6} efjn] h;n] …dÚ / cfkm"lar clnslt cGt/ /fVb}g ToxL g} d]/f] lk|o xf] . cfkm"nfO{
k/dfTdf;Fu s]xL gn'sfO{ k|]d u/]df Tof] ;Rrf k|]d x'G5 . k|]dsf] cy{ csf]{ JolQm;Fu d cfkm}+“;Fu
u/]h:tf] Jojxf/ ug]{ 5' / p;;Fu d s]xL n'sfpFlbgF eGg] efj cfpg' xf] . xfdL k/dfTdf;Fu klg
k"/f v'n]/ gUg x'Fb}gf“} . O;fotn] o;} l;4fGtsf cfwf/df :jLsf/f]lQm (Confession), klxn] kfksf]
:jLsf/ clg k|fy{gfsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] :jLsf/f]lQm u/]df k/dfTdfsf] cl3 xfdL gUg x'g]
5f“}+ / xfd|f] lardf s'g} cGt/, uf]KfgLotf / b"/L g/xL k|]d :yflkt x'g] 5 . xfdL cfˆgf] s'¿ktfnfO{
n'sfP/ k/dfTdfnfO{ wf]sf lbg vf]H5f}F . To;}n] ubf{ xfdL p;;Fu tb\¿ktf sfod ug{ ;Sb}gf}F .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] s]xL g n'sfO{ ;/ntf Pjd\ OdfGfbf/Lk"j{s …dÚ ;dIf cfkm"nfO{ k|s6 u5{
To:tf] Psefj ePsf] eQmn] dnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . o:tf] JolQmnfO{ …dÚ lk|o x'G5' / dnfO{ o:tf] JolQm
lk|o x'G5 . ha k/dfTdf;Fu s]xL n'sfOFb}g, ta Ps efj sfod eP/ JolQm eQm x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cgGo efjn] dnfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGg] 1fgLnfO{ d lk|o 5' / pm dnfO{ lk|o
5 . sltko JolQm tŒj ga'emL cyf{t\ hLjgsf] /x:o ga'emL wd{sf] ofqfdf lg:sG5g\ . o:tf] ck|f}9
/ afnlrQ ePsf dflg;x¿ wfld{s ofqfdf lgl:sP eg] wd{ s] xf] eGg] g} a'‰b}gg\ t/ wd{nfO{
ckl/kSj agfpg eg] ;kmn x'G5g\ . o:tf ckl/kSj dflg;n] wd{sf] ofqf k|nf]egsf sf/0fn] dfq
ub{5g\ . sltko dflg;x¿ cfgGb kfpg] nf]esf] sf/0fn] wd{sf] ofqfdf lg:sG5g\ t/ nf]esf
sf/0fn] ul/Psf] wd{sf] ofqfaf6 k/dfTdf kfpg ;lsGg . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;+;f/ b'vsf] ;fu/ xf]
eGg] tŒjnfO{ a'em]/ h;n] wd{sf] ofqf ub{5 Tof] ofqf k/dfTdflt/sf] ofqf xf] . k/dfTdfdf cfgGb
k|fKt x'G5 eGg] ;'g]/ To;tkm{ ofqf ug'{ k|nf]egsf] ofqf xf] .
d7, dlGb/, rr{, u'Daf, dl:hb cflbdf dflg;x¿ nf]e Pjd\ eosf sf/0f hfG5g\ eg] Tof]
nf]esf] ofqf xf] . d[To'–pGd'v dflg;x¿ k|foM wg;Dklt, 3/kl/jf/, Oi6ldq, kb, ;dfh cflb
s]xLn] klg arfpg ;Sb}gg\ / ca k/dfTdfs} ;xf/fdf hfg'sf] ljsNk 5}g eGg] 7fg]/ d7dlGb/df
hfG5g\ . k|foM ckjfbnfO{ 5f8]/ dlGb/df nf]eL, 8/kf]sx¿ Pjd\ j[4j[4fx¿sf] g} le8 nfU5 .
sltko j[4x¿ o'jf o'jtLnfO{ ltd|f] pd]/ wd{sf] ofqfdf lg:sg] xf]Og eg]/ klg eGb5g\ . hLjge/
wd{sf] gfddf d'vaf6 /fdsf] gfd glgsfNg]x¿ klg sltkon] d[To'sf] a]nf 8/fP/ /fd/fd eG5g\ .
;a} kfkaf6 /fdsf] gfd hKg] lalQs} d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 eg]/ wd{sf tyfslyt k'/f]lxtx¿n] atfPsf
sf/0f pgLx¿ >4fn] geO{ eosf sf/0f /fd gfd hKb5g\ .
tŒj1fg k|fKt ug{ pd]/ afws x'Fb}g / pd]/;Fu tŒjsf] s'g} ;DaGw klg x'Fb}g . t;y{
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– tŒj a'em]/ hf] d]/f] z/0fdf cfpF5g\ pgLx¿ jf:tljs 1fgL x'g\ . nf]e / eoaf6
cfpg'sf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . hf] 1fgL 5g\ ltgLx¿ d]/f nflu lk|o 5g\ / d klg pgLx¿sf] lk|o x'G5' .
hf] dnfO{ k|]d u5{g\ ltgLx¿nfO{ …dÚ klg k|]d u5{' eGg] s[i0fsf] egfO a'‰g h?/L 5 . k/dfTdfsf]
k|]d t ;a}df a/fa/ g} al;{G5 t/ hf] k/dfTdfnfO{ k|]d ub}{gg\ pgLx¿nfO{ k/dfTdfsf] k|]dsf
af/]df s'g} hfgsf/L g} x'Fb}g . To;}n] pgLx¿sf] k|e';Fu ldng x'g] ;Defjgf x'Fb}g . k|e'nfO{ h;n]
k|]d u5{ p;nfO{ dfq k|e'sf] k|]d k|fKt x'G5 . o;sf] cy{ p;nfO{ dfq k|e'sf] k|]dsf] jiff{sf] cg'e"lt
x'G5 . hf] k|]d ub}{g p;nfO{ k|]dfg'e"lt x'g] s'/} ePg . ;"o{sf] k|sfz, rG›sf] cd[t¿kL sflGt /

nf]suLtf– 302
 cWofo–&
jfo'sf] xfjf ;a}nfO{ lg/Gt/ k|fKt eO/x]sf] x'G5 t/ ;"o{sf] ls/0f l5g{ glbg] u/L åf/ aGb u/]/
a:of}+ eg] ;"o{n] s]xL ug{ ;Sb}gg\ Û ;fy} ;"o{sf] ls/0f leq k:bf klg cfFvf lrDn]/ a:of}F eg] ;"o{n]
o:tf JolQmsf cfFvfsf] k/]nL v'nfpg ;Sb}gGf\ . xfdLn] 9f]sf / cfFvf vf]Ng] lalQs} ;"o{ ls/0fsf]
bz{g kfpg] 5f“}+ .
o:t} k/dfTdfsf] k|]d t ;w}+ ;a}df ;dfg ¿kdf g} al;{/x]sf] x'G5 t/ ;a}n] ;dfg ¿kdf
kfpg ;Sb}gg\ lsgeg] Tof] k|]d lng JolQm tof/ x'g'k5{ . k|e'sf] k|]d t cf–cfˆgf] kfqtf, Jojxf/,
lh1f;f / pGd'vtfn] dfq k|fKt x'G5 . nf]e / eosf] p2]Zosf ;fy k/dfTdflt/ hfg] JolQmsf] 38f
pN6f] x'G5, hlt;'s} kfgL eg{ vf]h] klg kfgL eg{ ;lsGg . t;y{ hlt;'s} k|fy{gf u/] klg k|e' k|]d
k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g t/ hf] hLjgsf] Joy{tfnfO{ hfg]/ k|e'sf] ofqfdf lgl:sG5 To;dfly k|e'sf] k|]d
al;{G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Ps efjn], cgGo ¿kdf tŒj hfg]/ h;n] dnfO{ k|]d u5{ d klg
p;nfO{ k|]d u5'{ .
pbf/fM ;j{ Pj}t] 1fgL TjfTd}j d] dtd\ .
cfl:ytM ; lx o'QmfTdf dfd]jfg'Qdf+ ultd\ ..!*..
;a} eQmx¿ lgM;Gb]x pbf/ cfTdf x'g\ tyflk hf] d]/} 1fgdf cjl:yt 5g\ ltgLx¿nfO{ d cfk}“m
;dfg 7fGb5' . d]/f] lbJo ;]jfdf nfUg] l:y/ a'l4 ePsf 1fgL eQm cGttM k/d ;jf]{Rr ultsf
¿kdf dnfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ ..
ax"gf+ hGdgfdGt] 1fgjfGdf+ k|kBt] .
jf;'b]jM ;j{ldlt ; dxfTdf ;'b'n{eM ..!(..
cg]sf}+“ hGd hGdfGt/kl5sf] cGtsf] hGddf tŒj1fgdf k|fKt ePsf 1fgLx¿ jf;'b]j g}
sf/0fx¿sf sf/0f x'g\ eGg] 7fg]/ d]/f] z/0fdf k5{g\ . o:tf dxfTdfx¿ cToGt b'n{e x'G5g\ ..
c1fgtfsf sf/0f k/dfTdf;Fu b"/L /xG5 t/ ha k/dfTdfnfO{ hflgG5, ta JolQm p;;Fu
Psfsf/ x'G5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ k/af6 hfGg ;lsFb}g, p;nfO{ hfGgsf nflu pm;Fu Ps x'g'k5{ .
k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg] JolQm 1fgL / dxfTdf xf] . k/dfTdf;Fu o'Qm x'g] JolQm 1fgL / l:y/ a'l4sf]
x'G5 . xfdL ;a}sf] cfTdf v08–v08df ljeflht eP/ co'Qm 5 . xfdL Ps xf]Og, w]/} JolQmx¿sf]
le8 xf“}+ / k|To]s If0f xfdLleq kl/jt{g eO/xG5 . xfdLdf v08–v08 dfq xf]Og ljk/Lt v08 klg
df}h'b x'G5 . k|To]s If0f xfdL leq ;a} s'/f kl/jt{g eO/xG5 . xfdL;Fu Pp6f cg'xf/ / Pp6}
cfTdf 5}g . To;}n] t If0fIf0fdf s}of“}+ cg'xf/ kl/jt{g ul//xG5f“}+ . xfdL Ps k|sf/sf] k|jfx xf}+ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o'Qm k'?if o;sf] l7s ljk/Lt x'G5, h;sf] a'l4 l:y/ x'G5 To:tf] JolQmn] dfq
dnfO{ hfGb5 / d;dIf cfpg ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ha JolQm ax'lrQaf6 PslrQsf] x'G5, ta dfq d ;dIf cfpg ;S5
To;cl3 dnfO{ hfGg ;Sb}g . xfdL ;a} cg]sf“}+ cg'xf/ ePsf] le8df 5f“},+ hxfF JolQmnfO{ vf]Hg
;lsFb}g . xfdL em'6f] cg'xf/ lnP/ hLjg rnfO/x]sf 5f}+ lsgeg] leq s;};Fu klg o'Qm cfTdf 5}g .
l:y/ r]tgf / PsLs[t lrQjfnf JolQmn] dfq o'Qm cfTdf k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . To:tf] JolQm ca
jx'lrQjfg\ x'Fb}g lsgeg] p;nfO{ lj/f6\ r]tgfn] Ps u/fpF5 / o:tf] o'Qm r]tgf ePsf] 1fgL d]/f
z/0fdf cfpg ;S5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . vl08t lrQjfnf k'?ifn] cg]sf}+“ hGd k|fKt u5{ .
cg]sf“}+ hGdsf] ofqfkl5 dfq p;nfO{ d}n] cl3Nnf hGdx¿ Joy{df u'dfPF, To;}n] cl3Nnf
hGdx¿sf] wf]sfaf6 cg'ej lnP/ cvl08t lrQ eP/ afFR5' eGg] ljrf/ cfpF5 . o;k|sf/sf]

nf]suLtf– 303
cWofo–&
cg'ej cgGt hGdkl5 klg eof] eg] 7'nf] pknlAw dfGg'k5{ lsgeg] xfdL ;a}sf] cgGt hGd
eO;s]sf] 5 .
wfld{s JolQmdf hLjg h:tf] 5 To;s} ;xh :jLs[ltsf] 3f]if0ff x'G5 . h;n] /fd|f]–g/fd|f]nfO{
h:tfsf] To:t} :jLsf/ u5{ tTf\If0f p;df ¿kfGt/0f x'G5 / ;a} b'isd{ ;dfKt x'G5g\ . b'isd{ gug]{
/ cfkm" h:tf] 5 To:t} ¿k k|s6 ug]{, v'n:t JolQm g} o'Qm cfTdfdf k|fKt x'G5 . o'Qm cfTdf g}
k/dfTdf;Fu Psfsf/ x'G5 . ha eQmn] eujfg\\nfO{ hfGb5, ta pm eQm /xFb}g eujfg\\ g} x'G5 .
jf:tjdf k/dfTdf / xfdL lardf s'g} cGt/ 5}g Tof] t s]jn xfdLn] agfPsf] sf/0fn] dfq cGt/
b]lvPsf] xf] . k/dfTdfnfO{ eHg] JolQm k/dfTdf g} x'G5 . dg'io eujfg\\ x'g ;S5 eGg] s'/f xfdL
ljZjf; ug{ ;Sb}gf}+“ lsgeg] xfdL cfkm"leqsf 5'› s'/fx¿;Fu dfq kl/lrt 5f“}+ . xfdL /fIf; x'g
;S5f“} t/ eujfg\\ x'g ;Sb}gf}“ eGg] ;f]Rb5f}+“ . xfdLleq h'g 5'b| k|j[lQ b]lvG5 jf:tjdf Tof] xfdL
xf]Ogf}“+ . xfdLnfO{ cfk"m s] xf}+ eGg] s'/f yfxf gePsfn] Tof] 5'›tf cfk"m ePsf] h:tf] nfu]sf] xf] .
h'g lbg xfdLnfO{ cfˆgf af/]df hfgsf/L x'G5 To; lbg Tof] 5'b|tf ;dfKt x'G5 / xfdLnfO{ cfk"m
eujfg\ ePsf] yfxf x'G5 .
hlt;'s} kmf]x/ gbL klg ;fu/df ldl;P kl5 z'4 ePem}+“ ha xfdL leqsf] lj/f6\nfO{ b]V5f}+“
ta xfd|f ;a} 5'›tfx¿ cfkm}+“ z'4 x'G5g\ . 7'nf] zlQmn] ;fgf]nfO{ kljq kfg]{ ;fdYo{ /fVb5 t/
xfdLnfO{ lj/f6\sf af/]df hfgsf/L g} 5}g≤ To;}n] xfdL ;fgf] 5'›tfdf g} afFR5f}+“ . jf:tjdf hlt
hLjg pmhf{n] xfd|f] z/L/ rN5 To;}nfO{ xfdL cfTdf 7fGb5f}+“ . z/L/ rnfpg t cToGt sd pmhf{
eP k'U5 To;sf nflu xfdL;Fu ePsf] lj/f6\ pmhf{sf] cfjZostf g} kb}{g . z/L/sf] pmhf{;Fu
tfbfTDo :yflkt u/]/ xfdL cfkm" cfTdf ePsf] 7fG5f“}+ . To;}n] /fIf;L k|j[lQ hGdfpg] 5'›tfsf] dfq
xfdLnfO{ hfgsf/L x'G5 . lj/f6\ pmhf{;Fusf] ;DaGwn] eujfg\;Fusf] ;DaGw :yflkt u/fpF5 . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] dnfO{ hfGb5, pm jf;'b]j g} x'G5 . h;n] a|Xd hfGb5 pm a|Xd g} x'G5 t/
s[i0fsf] of] jrg a'‰g xfdLnfO{ ufx|f] x'G5 lsgeg] xfd|f] cg'ejdf h] hfGof] To;;Fu Ps eOG5
eGg] 5}g . xfd|f] ;a} hfGg' å}tnfO{ hfGg' xf] . xfdL hfGg] s'/f;Fu k/af6 g} k|of; u5f}{+ . h'g
lrhnfO{ xfdL hfGg' eG5f}“≤ Tof] hfGg' xf]Og, s]jn kl/ro dfq xf] . olb xfdLn] s;};Fu k|]d u/]sf]
eP xfdL ToxL x'GYof}F h;;Fu k|]d ul/Psf] 5 . olb o:tf] ePg eg] xfdL k|]dnfO{ hfGb}gf}F s]jn
kl/ronfO{ dfq hfGb5f}+“ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– :jod\nfO{ hfGg' g} 1fg xf] o;sf cltl/Qm s'g} 1fg 5}g . h;;Fu
cfTd;ft\ u/]/ cfkm" ToxLF eOG5 ToxL 1fg xf] . 1fg ToxL xf] hf] Psfsf/ eP/ dfq hfGg ;lsG5 .
>Ls[i0f h'g 1fgsf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 ToxfF x'g' / hfGg'sf lardf Psfsf/ ePdf dfq a|XdtŒjnfO{
hfGg ;lsG5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– dnfO{ eHg], o'Qm lrQjfnf, l:y/ a'l4 ePsf] eQm jf;'b]j g} x'G5≤
ta Tof] eQm /xFb}g eujfg\ g} x'G5 . Ps If0f klg xfdLnfO{ eujfg\ ePsf] :d/0f eof] eg] xfd|f
cl3Nnf hLjgx¿ :jKga4h:tf nfUg] 5g\ . ;fy} of] hLjgnfO{ :jKg¿k dfg]/ afFRg yflnof] eg]
klg Ps lbg crfgs k/dfTdfsf ;fy Ps ePsf] cg'ej x'g] 5 . o;nfO{ s]jn a'l4n] dfq hfGg
vf]lhof] eg] Tof] hfGg' ghfGg' h:t} x'G5 / k/dfTdf;Fu klg Ps x'g ;lsGg . 1fgsf] ls/0f ha
km'6\5, ta 1fgL /xFb}g leq s]jn 1fg dfq /xG5 / o;kl5 k/dfTdf;Fu ;fIffTsf/ x'G5 .
;fIffTsf/ klg zAbsf] ;Lldttfn] eGg'k/]sf] xf]≤ o:tf] JolQm k/dfTdf g} x'G5 . h;nfO{ vf]Hg
lgl:sPsf] xf] Tof] k"/f x/fP/ h;nfO{ vf]lhPsf] xf] ToxL z]if /xG5 . t/ zf:q, hfgsf/L / kl/ro

nf]suLtf– 304
 cWofo–&
cflbaf6 s]xL klg kfO“b}g, s]jn xfd|f] ;ª\u|x dfq a9\5 . ha;Dd cxª\sf/ /xG5 ta;Dd
k/dfTdf;Fu ldng x'Fb}g .
sfd}:t}:t}x{[t1fgfM k|kBGt]˜Gob]jtfM .
t+ t+ lgoddf:yfo k|s[Tof lgotfM :jof ..@)..
ef}lts j:t' jf sfdgfaf6 h;sf] a'l4 ckxl/t ePsf] 5 ltgLx¿ tbg'¿ksf sfdgf k"0f{ ug{
cGo b]jtfx¿sf] lgod kfngf ub}{ k"hf–cr{gf ub{5g\ / pgLx¿sf] g} z/0f lnG5g\ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sfdf;Qm, ljifof;Qm k'?ifx¿ ef]usf] cfsfª\Iffn] el/Psf x'G5g\ . To;}n]
ef]uaf6 ;Ddf]lxt ePsfx¿ / 1fgaf6 Ro't ePsfx¿ d]/f] :d/0f ub}{gg\ / cGo ef]uk|wfg
b]jtfx¿sf] :d/0f ub{5g\ . sfdf;Qm / ljifof;Qm k'?if 1fgaf6 Ro't x'G5g\ . ljifolt/ dg bf}l8g]
lalQs} leq 1fgsf] wf/f tn em5{ . Ps If0f dfq klg ef]u jf ljifolt/ dg k|]l/t eof] eg] leqsf]
r]tgf 8fdf8f]n x'G5 / cwf]ultlt/sf] ofqf ;'? u5{ . ljifolt/sf] ;fdfGo ljrf/, jf;gf cflbn]
c1fg hGdfpF5 / 1fg x/fpF5 . yf]/} dfq jf;gfn] klg d"lR5{t agfpF5 . xfdLx¿ rf}la;} 306f
ljifosf] sfdgfn] el/G5f}+ . To;}n] t xfdLnfO{ 1fgwf/f ktg ePsf] yfxf x'Fb}g . h;;Fu wg x'G5,
To;nfO{ dfq 6f6 klN6g] s'/f yfxf x'G5, levf/LnfO{ 6f6 klN6g] s'/f yfxf x'Gg . jf;gfn] tLj|
¿kdf 3]g{ yfNof] eg] 1fgsf] u'0f sdhf]/ aG5 . x/]s jf;gfn] Pp6f ;"Id ljiffbdf k'¥ofP/ kltt
agfpF5 . xfdL h] kfpFYof}+ Tof]eGbf s}of}+ u'0ff a9L u'dfpF5f}+ . jf;gfdf xfd|f] Jojxf/ d"v{tfk"0f{
x'G5 . jf;gfdf s'g} j:t'lt/ cfslif{t x'gf;fy xfd|f] r]tgfsf] wf/f tnlt/ em5{ .
wd{sf w]/} ljlwx¿ jf;gfnfO{ tf]8\g] ;fwgsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] x'G5 h'g s'/f xfdLnfO{
yfxf x'Fb}g t/ ;+:sf/hGo ¿kdf xfdL ul//x]sf x'G5f}“ . dlGb/df 306L ahfpFbf xfd|f jf;gf /
ljrf/nfO{ Psfu| ug{ ;xh x'G5 . 306L aHgf;fy jf;gf / sfdgfsf] ;DaGw ;hu eP/ z"Gotfdf
k|j]z ub{5 . Tof] cGt/wf/f hf] leq rln/x]sf] x'G5 Tof] Ps em8\sfdf 6'6f];\ eGgfsf nflu 306L
ahfOG5 . dlGb/df :gfg u/]kl5 dfq hfg'k5{ eGg'sf] cfzo klg of] jf;gfsf] cGt/wf/f tf]8\g]
Pp6f ljlw xf] . To:t} aflx/ h'Qf km'sfNg' klg leqsf rfxgfx¿sf] cGt/wf/f tf]8\gsf nflu ul/g]
:d/0f xf] . dlGb/df ;fi6fË b08jt\ k|0ffd ug]{ ljlw cGtu{t z/L/sf ;a} cË e'OFdf 5f]OPsf
x'G5g\ . of] cxª\sf/ 5f]8]/ k[YjL;Fu Ps eO{ jf;gfsf] cGt/wf/f TofuL Psfu|tfsf ;fy k|fy{gf ug]{
Pp6f ljlw xf] . dg'ionfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] JolQmx¿n] g} o:tf ljlw / Joj:yfsf] lgdf{0f
u/]sf x'g\ . To:t} dg'iosf] lz/sf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf gl/jnsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] xf] h'g b]jtfx¿nfO{
lz/sf] ;§f r9fOG5 t/ k/dfTdfnfO{ t gl/jn xf]Og cfkm"nfO{ ;dlk{t u/] dfq k|fy{gf x'G5 . To:t}
l;Gb"/ dfgj /utsf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf r9fOPsf] xf] .
1fg k|fKt ePkl5 dfq jf;gfsf] wf/fdf au]sf] lrQ jf;gfaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . 1fg xfd|f]
:jefj xf], jf;gfn] xfdLnfO{ hf]8n] ;dft]sf] x'gfn] g} xfdLn] 1fg u'dfPsf xf}+ . jf;gf xfd|f]
:jefj gePsf]n] To;n] xfdLnfO{ slxNo} t[Kt kfg{ ;Sb}g . jf;gf ktgsf] dfu{ xf] h;n] xfdLnfO{
kL8f / ;Gtfk lbG5 / gs{df k'¥ofpF5 . To;}n] jf;gfaf6 d'Qm eO{ Ps g Ps lbg xfdLn] cfˆgf]
k|f0fsf] lzv/df kmls{g} k5{ . s}nfz lxdfnodf xf]Og Åbodf l:yt 5 . of] 1fgsf] lzv/sf] gfd xf]
hxfF eujfg\\ ;b}j l:yt x'G5 . h'g lbg xfdL ;a} jf;gf Tofu]/ Tof] lzv/df k'U5f}“, To;}lbg hf]
;b}j xfdLleq l:yt lyof] To;;Fu ldng x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cyf{yL{, cft{, lh1f;'x¿ d]/f] xf]Og cGo ef]uk|wfg b]jLb]jtfsf] k"hf
ub{5g\ . k/dfTdfsf] k|fy{gfdf pgLx¿ ;+nUg x'Fb}gg\ lsgeg] pgLx¿ k/dfTdfsf] k|fy{gfsf] ;t{ g}

nf]suLtf– 305
cWofo–&
k"/f ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . O{Zj/sf] k|fy{gfsf] klxnf] ;t{ jf;gf TofUg' xf] . ljifof;Qm dflg; slxNo}
k/dfTdfdf k'Ug ;Sb}gg\ . To;}n] pgLx¿ cfˆgf dfu k"/f u/fpg ;fdfGo b]jtf lgld{t u/]/
pgLx¿sf] pkf;gf ub{5g\ h;n] pgLx¿nfO{ s'g} ;t{df afFWb}gg\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf
JolQmx¿ cGo b]jtfsf cf>odf k'Ub5g\ . o:tf b]jtfsf] k"hf–k|fy{gfaf6 slxn]sfxLF kmn k|fKt
x'G5 . olb kmn k|fKt gx'g] eP dflg; lbSs eO;SYof] . ha xfdL s'g} b]jtfsf] :yfkgf u/]/ k"hf
u5f}{+, ta w]/} c;n d[tfTdfx¿n] klg xfd|f] k|fy{gfdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5g\ . tL b]jtfsf] bof /
s?0ffsf] sf/0f ha k|fy{gf k"/f x'G5 / kl/0ffd cfpF5, ta xfdL To;}nfO{ af/Daf/ ul//xg
rfxG5f}+ . xfd|f k|To]s b]jLb]jtfsf cf;kf; c;n cfTdfx¿ x'G5g\ h;n] ;xfotf ug{ ;S5g\ . d"lt{
/ dlGb/n] xf]Og ToxfF lgjf; ug]{ c;n cfTdfx¿n] d2t ub{5g\ . of] z'e cfTdfsf] bof / s?0ffsf]
k|;fb xf] . t/ hlt;'s} z'e cfTdfn] klg s;}nfO{ k/dfTdf lbnfpg ;Sb}g . wg, kb, oz, /f]udf
;/ntfk"j{s d2t ug{ ;S5g\ t/ k/dfTdfnfO{ e]6\g t xfdL :jod\ hfg'k5{ . k/dfTdf t s]jn Ps
dfq 5, hf] c;[i6, ;gftg / cljgfzL 5 . jf;gf / cf;lQmaf6 lrQ x6]kl5 dfq 1fgdf l:y/
xf]OG5 . Ps efjn] ;dlk{t eO{ k|e'sf] ehg u/]df dfq xfdL pm;dIf k'Ug ;S5f}+ / ToxL lbg eQm
eujfg\\ x'G5 .
of] of] of+ of+ tg'+ eQmM >4oflr{t'ldR5lt .
t:o t:ofrnf+ >4f+ tfd]j ljbwfDoxd\ ..@!..
d k|To]s hLjsf Åbodf lj/fhdfg 5' . hf] h'g h'g b]jtfsf] elQm Pjd\ >4fsf ;fy k"hf
ub{5g\ tL eQmsf] >4f ltg} b]jtfdf l:y/ ul/lbG5' ..
; tof >4of o'Qm:t:of/fwgdLxt] .
net] r ttM sfdfGdo}j ljlxtflGx tfg\ ..@@..
d}n] h'g >4f ltgLx¿sf Åbodf l:y/ ul/lbPsf] 5', To;sf dfWodaf6 ltgLx¿ b]jtfsf]
cf/fwgf ub{5g\ / OlR5t sfdgf k"lt{ ub{5g\ . ltgLx¿n] k|fKt ug]{ sfdgf jf nfe …dÚ åf/f g}
Jojl:yt ul/Psf x'g\ ..
k|e'sf] vf]hsf nflu >4fefj cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . s'g} gfd lnP/ s'g} ofqfdf lg:sg',
s'g} b]jtfnfO{ ;De]m/ cd's dlGb/df k|j]z ug{', cd's zf:qsf] cf>o lng' cflb dxŒjk"0f{ x'Fb}g .
p;n] s'g eujfg\nfO{ eHg] xf] To;n] s]xL km/s kb}{g t/ eHg'n] eg] km/s k5{ . k|e'nfO{ s'g}
sf/0fn] k'sf/ ug'{eGbf k|e'df >4f ug{' dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . k/d>4fn] cfk"l/t ePsf] JolQm dfq
k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf k'Ub5 . Åboaf6 >4fsf] km"n al;{Pdf gfl:ts klg ToxfF k'Ug ;S5 t/ >4fsf]
efj gePsf] cfl:ts klg ToxfF k'Ug ;Sb}g . >4fsf] cy{ ljZjf; xf]Og lsgeg] ljZjf;L
cljZjf;L klg x'g ;S5g\ . h;sf] Åbodf cljZjf; x'Fb}g p;n] g} >4f ub{5 . ;+;f/df olt w]/}
ljZjf;o'Qm JolQm eP/ klg wd{ sxLF b]lvFb}g . k[YjL ljZjf;Lx¿n] el/Psf] 5 t/ wd{ sxLF b]lvFb}g
lsgeg] wd{sf] ofqfdf ljZjf;n] sfd rNb}g . dlGb/, dl:hb, rr{df ljZjf;Lx¿ k|fy{gf t u5{g\
t/ k|fy{gfn] hlt cfgGb ljef]/ x'g'kg]{ xf] Tof] b]lvFb}g .
>4fsf] cy{ cljZjf; gx'g' xf] . eujfg\\ :jod\ cfP/ >4fjfg\ JolQmnfO{ eujfg\ 5}gg\ eg]
klg p;n] kTofpFb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] >4f u5{ rfx] Tof] >4f s'g} sfdgfn] k|]l/t eP/
s'g} b]jtfnfO{ ul/Psf] eP klg d p;sf] >4fnfO{ x6fpFlbgF a? d p;sf] >4fnfO{ kl/k'i6 / cem
alnof] agfpF5' . s[i0fnfO{ /fd|/L yfxf 5 ls b]jtfk|ltsf] >4fn] d'lQm k|fKt x'Fb}g / sfdgfn] k|]l/t
eP/ ul/Psf] >4f ;f+;fl/s x'G5 . To;}n] b]jtfdf /flvg] o:tf] >4f s]xL kfpgsf nflu x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 306
 cWofo–&
s[i0fn] b]jtfaf6 d'lQm x'Fb}g t;y{ ltdLx¿ ;To / cd[t k|fKt ug{ d;dIf cfpm eGg'eof] eg]
pgfG;o k|ltzt JolQmx¿ s[i0flt/ kSs} cfpFb}gg\ . o:tf JolQmx¿ hf] b]jtfsf] k|fy{gf >4fk"j{s
ul//x]sf 5g\ tL Ps k|ltzt JolQmx¿ klg s[i0fsf] egfO ;'g]/ b]jtfk|lt >4fefj g/fVg ;S5g\ .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d p;s} b]jtfdf p;sf] >4f :yflkt ul/lbG5' lsgeg] >4f cfh
b]jtfdf :yflkt x'g;Sof] eg] ef]ln To;nfO{ Ps sbd cl3 a9fpg ;lsG5 . sfdgf k"/f eP/ klg
cGttM b'vsf cltl/Qm s]xL klg k|fKt x'Fb}g . To;}n] t pxfF sfdgfo'Qm JolQmsf] >4fnfO{ klg
:yflkt u/fpg rfxg'x'G5 . of] klg cg'ej u/fpg rfxg'x'G5 ls h'g sfdgfk"lt{sf lglDt b]jtfsf]
;xfotf k|fKt u¥of] ToxL >4fn] jf;gf/lxt sfdgf u/]sf] eP pm k/dfTdf g} x'g;Sg] lyof], h'g
cj;/ p;n] dfu u/]/ u'dfof] . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d p;sf] >4fnfO{ ToxL b]jtfdf cem
alnof] agfpF5', h;k|lt p;sf] nufj 5 . ha k/dfTdfsf] s[kfsf] jiff{t x'g ;'? x'G5, ta sfdgf
ug]{ JolQmn] Tof] k|;fbsf] jiff{df cfˆgf] sfdgf g} lal;{P/ h] al;{/x]sf] 5 Tot}lt/ ofqf ;''? ug{
;S5 . xfdL unt 5f“} / ha;Dd k/dfTdf k|fKt x'Fb}g, ta;Dd ;xL x'g ;Dej g} 5}g . s[i0fsf]
k4lt cgf}7f] 5, s?0ff ckl/;Ld 5 / pxfFsf] ljlw lawfos 5 . To;}n] pxfF eGg'x'G5– ltdL
sfdgf;lxt >4f cfˆgf] h'g b]jtfk|lt 5 To;}df /fv, d To;nfO{ clxn] alnof] agfP/ :yflkt
u5{' lsgeg] ltd|f] sfdgfsf] ;+;f/af6 ltdL Ps lbg dfly p7]/ k/dsf] vf]h ug]{ 5f} .
;+;f/df ljut tLg ;o jif{df dg'iosf] a'l4 gsf/fTds ¿kdf ;f]Rg]tkm{ k|jflxt ePsf]
kfOG5 . xfdLnfO{ o:tf] nfU5 ls cFWof/f] x6fPkl5 k|sfz kfOg] 5 . t/ s'/f l7s ljk/Lt 5, k|sfz
cfpgf;fy cGwsf/ :jtM x6\5 . of] hLjgnfO{ ;sf/fTds 9Ëaf6 x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f xf] . To;}n] s[i0f
untnfO{ klg ;dy{g ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . pxfFnfO{ /fd|/L yfxf 5 ls jf;gfo'Qm lrQ unt xf] .
jf;gfo'Qm lrQ jf;gfk"lt{sf lglDt b]jtf ;dIf hfG5 / o:tf] JolQmsf] k/dsf] vf]h clxn] ;''?
ePsf] 5}g . hf] dfUg cfPsf] 5 Tof] afns ;dfg ePsfn] >Ls[i0f d ;a} s'/f ltd|f] b]jtfdf g}
k|ltli7t ul/lbP/ ltd|f] >4fnfO{ emg\ alnof] agfOlbG5', ltd|f] b]jtfdf zlQm k|jflxt ul/lbP/ ltd|f]
dfu ltd|} b]jtfsf dfWodaf6 k"/f ul/lbG5', ta ltdL cfˆgf] >4fdf cem b[9 x'g ;Sg] 5f}
eGg'x'G5 . olb JolQm Ps Ps sbd >4fdf b[9 x'g ;Sof] eg] Ps lbg Tof] clgj{rgLo / cj0f{gLo
x'g] 5 . ha >4f k"0f{ x'G5 ta s'g} ;Gb]xsf] /]vf z]if /xFb}g . Tof] c;lGbU3 >4fdf ePsf] JolQmsf]
k/dsf] ofqf cfkm}+“ ;'? x'G5 . of] egfO xfdL h:tf c;ª\Vo sdhf]/ JolQmsf nflu elgPsf] xf] .
k|sfz ;b}j cFWof/f]df g} aflnG5 / ;a} sbd e|ddf g} lnOG5 . ;a}lt/af6 e'nn] el/Psf
xfdLh:tf JolQmx¿nfO{ >Ls[i0f s?0ffs} sf/0f xfd|f] ca'em k|fy{gfnfO{ klg :jLsf/ ug]{ 5'
eGg'x'G5 . o; hut\df ;a} s'/f k/dfTdfsf] lawfg adf]lhd x'G5, s'g} klg lawfg ljk/Lt x'g
;Sb}g . p;sf] lgodeGbf aflx/ s'g} s'/f klg x'g ;Sb}g . ;a} s'/f k/dfTdfs} pmhf{n] ;~rflnt
x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d}n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] lawfg adf]lhd g} b]jtfx¿ sfdgfx¿sf] k"lt{
ub{5g\ . d]/f] zlQm g} ;f/f lawfgsf] k5fl8 ;lqmo x'G5 / b]jtfx¿af6 k|fKt x'g] ;f/f sfdgf k"lt{
klg d]/f] zlQmn] g} k|fKt x'G5 .
cGtjQ' kmn+ t]iff+ t∫jToNkd]w;fd\ .
b]jfGb]johf] oflGt d∫Qmf oflGt dfdlk ..@#..
cNka'l4 ePsf dflg;x¿ b]jtfsf] k"hf u5{g\ / Ifl0fs kmn k|fKt ub{5g\ Tof] kmn gfzjfg\
x'G5 / ltgLx¿ cGTodf b]jnf]s hfG5g\ t/ d]/f eQmx¿ rfx] h;/L eh"g\ ltgLx¿ dnfO{ g} k|fKt
x'G5g\ ..

nf]suLtf– 307
cWofo–&
sfdgfx¿af6 clek|]l/t eP/ ul/Psf k|fy{gfx¿sf] kmn t k|fKt x'G5 t/ Tof] kmn Ifl0fs
x'G5 . s'g} klg ;'v jf b'v ;b}j l6Sb}g . ;'v–b'v ;d'›df p7\g] / x/fpg] t/Ëh:t} Ifl0fs
x'G5g\ . ;'v–b'vsf] cfef; cNk ;dosf nflu dfq x'G5 . jf;gfsf] dfu{af6 o;eGbf a9L kfpg}
;lsFb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– pxfF ;dIf cfpg rfxg]n] jf;gf / ljifok|ltsf] cf;lQm TofUg}
k5{ . o;k|sf/sf z'4 a'l4 ePsf dflg;x¿ cljgfzL tŒjdf k|fKt x'G5g\ . >Ls[i0f cNka'l4 ePsf
dflg;x¿sf af/]df rrf{ ug{'x'G5 . To:tf cNk1x¿ cfˆgf xftaf6 d"Nojfg\ j:t' u'dfP/ clt
;fdfGo j:t' k|fKt ug{ rfxG5g\ . k|fy{gfn] k/d ;To kfpg ;lsG5 t/ cNk1x¿ z/L/sf ;fdfGo
cfjZostfsf kl/k"lt{sf] dfu u5{g\ lsgeg] pgLx¿ h] dfu u5{g\ Tof] k|flKt kZrft\ klg
pgLx¿sf dfusf] cGTo x'Fb}g . hlt cfjZostf k"lt{ eP klg ;Gt'i6 geO{ ;w“} ct[Kt, cw'/f] /
bLgxLg /xG5g\ . olb dfUg' g} 5 eg] Tof] dfUg'kb{5 h'g dfu]/ k|fKt ePkl5 t[Kt x'g ;lsof];\ /
c¿ s]xL dfUg afFsL g} g/xf];\ t/ cNk1 6f9f;Dd b]Vg g;Sg] x'Fbf pgLx¿sf] a'l4 Ifl0fs x'G5 .
pgLx¿ s]jn tTsfnsf] cfjZostfsf] dfq dfu ub{5g\ . a'l4dfg\ ltg} x'g\ h;n] hLjgsf] k/d
cfjZostfsf] dfu ub{5g\ .
xfdL a'l4dfg\ geO{ cNk a'l4jfnf xf}+ . cNka'l4 a'l4xLg xf]Og, yf]/} a'l4 ePsf x'g\ . dg'io
;'v rfxG5 lsgeg] pm cNka'l4sf] 5 . pm o:tf] ;'v rfxG5 h;n] cGTodf b'v dfq NofpF5 .
xfdL ;a} sfuhsf] 8'Ëfdf ;d'›df ofqf u5f}{+ . xfd|f] 8'Ëf ;kgf h:tf] 5 / ejg tf;sf] 3/h:tf]
5 . xfd|f] ;kgf afn'jfh:tf] 5 hf] xfjfsf] em8\sfn] ltt/lat/ x'G5 . xfdL ;a}df cNk g} eP klg
a'l4 x'G5 . xfdL ;a} ;'vsf] rfxgf /fV5f“} t/ ;'vsf af/]df hfGg ;s]sf 5}gf}+ . To;}n] ;'v
rfxG5f}+, t/ b'v k|fKt x'G5 . xfdL h] u5f}{+ To;af6 b'v dfq xft nfU5 . ef]uL cfh dfq ;'v x'g]
dfu{ 5fG5 h'g ef]ln b'v aG5 . of]uL cfh b'vh:tf] b]lvg] dfu{ 5gf]6 u5{ h'g ef]ln uP/ ;'v
aG5 . cfh b'vsf] 5gf]6 ug]{x¿ ef]ln ;'vsf] dflns x'G5g\ eg] cfh ;'v 5gf]6 ug]{x¿ ef]ln
b'vsf cltl/Qm s]xL kfpFb}gg\ . cNka'l4jfnfx¿ Pp6f s'/fn] ;'v lbPg eg] csf]{ j:t'af6 ;'v
kfOG5 ls eGg] 7fGb5g\ . pgLx¿ hLjgsf] Pp6f cg'ejnfO{ lr/:yfoL agfpg ;Sb}gg\ / cfkm"nfO{
wf]sf lbO/xG5g\ . o; hut\df Pp6f cg'ejn] ;f/f cg'ejsf] hfgsf/L lbG5 To;sf nflu cNka'l4
xf]Og a'l4dfg\ x'g'k5{ .
;d|f6\ czf]s slnËsf] o'4df n8fOF n8\g uP h'g o'4df Psnfv dflg; dfl/P . czf]sn]
o'4df h'g cg'ej u/] Tof] cGo s;}n] klg slxNo} u/]gg\ . pgL slnËsf] o'4 lht]/ kmls{+bf klg
ljhosf] k|;Ggtfsf] 7fpFdf b'vL b]lvGy] . pgn] ca pgsf nflu csf]{ o'4 c;Dej 5 eg], lsgeg]
slnËsf] o'4 lhTbf h'g cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 eGg] ;f]r]sf lyP Tof] k|fKt ePg . slnË t lht] t/
cfgGbsf] ;f6f] lj/lQm cfof] . dgn] t cem} y'k|} /fHo lhTg afFsL 5 eg]/ wf]sf lbg vf]lh/x]sf]
lyof] t/ of] dgsf] s'/f dfGg pgsf] ljj]sn] lbPg . Psk6s dgsf] s'/f dfg]/ Psnfv dflg;sf]
nf; n8]sf] b]lv;s]sf] x'gfn] of] cg'ejaf6 pgn] kf7 l;s] . ca of] cg'ejaf6 kf7 l;S5' / c¿
d"v{tf ulb{gF lsgeg] dgn] ;kgf b]vfof] t/ cfgGb k|fKt geO{ s]jn b'v dfq k|fKt x'Fbf] /x]5 eGg]
pgn] a'e]m . To; lbgb]lv ;d|f6\ czf]s leIf'h:t} eP/ /xg yfn] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cNk a'l4dfg\x¿ b]jtfx¿;Fu ;'vsf] sfdgf u/]/ ;'v kfpF5g\ t/
pgLx¿sf] Tof] ;'v If0feª\u'/ l;4 x'G5 t/ …dÚ ;dIf cfpg] JolQm k/d pmhf{sf] åf/df cfP/
cgGt cfgGbsf] dflns x'G5 . k|e'sf] åf/df hfg' 5 eg] 5'› jf;gf lnP/ hfg'sf] cy{ cNka'l4 xf] .
jf;gf k"/f eP klg s]xL xftdf cfpFb}g . k|e'sf] åf/df jf;gfz"Go eP/ ltdLn] h] lbPsf 5f} Tof]

nf]suLtf– 308
 cWofo–&
cfjZostf eGbf w]/} 5 eg]/ k|fy{gf u/]df k|e'sf] s[kf p;df al;{G5 . xfdLn] h] kfPsf 5f}+ To;df
;Gt'i6 5}gf}+ / h] kfOPsf] 5}g To;sf nflu k|e';Fu u'gf;f] u5f}{+ . wfld{s JolQm dlGb/df dfu/lxt
k|fy{gf ug{ hfG5 . pm ;w+}“ cfˆgf] ;fdYo{eGbf a9L k|e'n] lbPsf]df s[t1tf 1fkg u5{ . k|e'n] lbPsf]
s'/fsf] klg xfdLn] k"0f{ pkof]u u/]sf 5}gf}+“ . xfdLnfO{ cfFvf k|fKt 5 t/ k/dfTdfsf] b[Zo x]g{
;s]sf 5}gf“} . xfd|f] sfgn] s'g} cd[t¿kL jf0fL ;'Gg ;s]sf] 5}g . cd[t t ;j{q df}h'b 5 t/
To;tkm{ cfs[i6 geO{ xfdL s]jn 5'› dfud} ;Lldt x'G5f}“ . xfd|f] ;f/f k|fy{gf gkfOPsf] lrhsf]
dfu xf] . xfdL h:tf] cNka'l4jfnfnfO{ Tof] dfu k"/f ePsf] Ps If0fdf g} Tof] x/fpg] 5 eGg]
dx;'; g} x'Fb}g . k|fy{gf t ToxL ;fy{s xf] hf] Ps k6s kfPkl5 slxNo} x/fpFb}g / ;dfKt klg
x'Fb}g t/ Tof] b]jtfsf] k"hgaf6 xf]Og k/d;Qftkm{sf] ;dk{0fn] dfq ;Dej x'G5 .
cJoQm+ JolQmdfkGg+ dGoGt] dfda'4oM .
k/+ efjdhfgGtf] ddfJoodg'Qdd\ ..@$..
cNk1x¿ d]/f] cg'Qd, cljgfzL / k/d efjnfO{ ga'em]/ dg OlG›oeGbf k/ …dÚ
;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfnfO{ dg'io 7fg]/ JolQmsf] efjnfO{ k|fKt u/]sf] dfGb5g\ ..
gfx+ k|sfzM ;j{:o of]udfof;dfj[tM .
d"9f]˜o+ gflehfgflt nf]sf] dfdhdJood\ ..@%..
d"v{ Pjd\ cNk1fgLx¿sf nflu …dÚ of]udfofsf] cfj/0fåf/f 9flsPsfn] b]lvGgF jf ck|s6 x'G5'
t/ ltgLx¿ …dÚ chGdf / cljgfzL k/dfTdfnfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGb}gg\ / dnfO{ hGdg] / dg]{jfnf
7fGb5g\ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d clxn] ;fsf/ z/L/sf] ¿kdf plePsf] 5' cyjf d}n] cfsf/ lnPsf] 5'
t/ cNk1x¿ ;f]R5g\ d]/f] cfsf/ g} …dÚ x'F t/ …dÚ leqsf] lg/fsf/nfO{ pgLx¿ c1fgtfsf sf/0f
b]Vg ;Sb}gg\ . d]/f] ¿k b]Vgsf nflu cfFvf / ;f]Rgsf nflu d]wf gx'g]x¿n] d]/f] ;fsf/ ¿k b]Vg
;S5g\ t/ leq n's]sf] c¿knfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}gg\ . d]/f] ;lRrbfgGb:j¿k pgLx¿sf] cfFvfaf6 b]Vg
;lsGg . ha ha k/dfTdf k|s6 x'G5g\, ta ta cfsf/ jf ¿kdf g} k|s6 x'G5g\ . k|s6 x'g'sf] cy{
g} ¿kflot x'g' xf] . k|s6 x'g' eg]sf] ef}lts hut\df ¿k / cfsf/df cleJoQm x'g' xf] . hf] JolQm
a'l4xLg 5g\ pgLx¿ d]/f] z/L/nfO{ g} …dÚ 7fGb5g\ t/ pgLx¿ …dÚ leqsf] c¿k tŒjnfO{ hfGb}gg\ .
s[i0fnfO{ z/L/wf/L dfGg] / eujfg\ gdfGg] JolQmx¿ pxfFnfO{ xfdLh:t} dfgj 7fg]/ hGdg] /
dg]{jfnf 7fGb5g\ / eujfg\ dfGb}gg\ t/ s[i0f t chGdf / cljgfzL k/dfTdf x\'g'x'G5 .
lg/fsf/nfO{ b]Vg ;Sg] JolQm a'l4dfg\ xf] eg] cfsf/nfO{ dfq b]Vg] JolQm a'l4xLg xf] .
a'l4dfgn] rf}tkmL{ lg/fsf/ b]V5 . xfd|f] b[li6df ;a}lt/ cfsf/ dfq b[i6fGt x'gfn] s[i0fdf klg xfdL
cfsf/ g} b]Vb5f}+ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] dnfO{ ;fsf/ ¿kdf dfq b]V5g\ / dnfO{ z/L/wf/L dfq
7fG5g\ pgLx¿ t a'l4xLg x'g\ . pgLx¿ dnfO{ lg/fsf/df b]Vg ;Sb}gg\ t/ …dÚ ToxL lg/fsf/ x'F .
cleJoQm x'gsf nflu ¿k / cfsf/ rflxG5 . olb xfdLnfO{ af]Ng' 5 eg] zAbsf] pkof]u ug}{k5{ t/
cy{ t slxn] klg k'Ub}g, s]jn zAb dfq k'U5 . cy{ lg/fsf/ / zAb ;fsf/ xf] t/ h] af]Ng' 5 Tof]
lgMzAb 5 . oxfF h] l;lh{G5 To;n] ¿k lnG5≤ ¿k lngf;fy ¿k b]lvG5 / c¿k n'S5, oxL
hLjgsf] sl7gfO xf] . ha;Dd Tof] c¿k b]lvFb}g xfd|f] hLjgdf eujt\ r}tGosf] s'g} cg'e"lt g}
x'Fb}g . t;y{ >Ls[i0f …dÚ ;lRrbfgGbnfO{ hfGg' 5 eg] ¿kaf6 cfFvf p7fP/ c¿k cyf{t\
lg/fsf/nfO{ vf]Hg'k5{ . d]/f] ;fsf/ ¿kdf, zAbdf g/f]lsO{ To;eGbf 6f9f vf]Hg ;s]df dfq ToxfF

nf]suLtf– 309
cWofo–&
d]/f] ;lRrbfgGb ¿knfO{ kfpg] 5f} h'g lg/fsf/ / lgMzAb 5 . hf] leq crn 5 p;n] slxNo} klg
hGd lnFb}g / slxNo} db}{g, pm ;f/f 36gfx¿af6 kf/ 5 . oL ;a} 36gfx¿ cfsf/ leq dfq x'G5 .
a'l4xLg JolQmx¿ cfsf/df c8\lsG5g\ / a'l4dfg\ JolQmx¿ lg/fsf/nfO{ vf]h]/ To;df
8'a'NsL nufpF5g\ . Psk6s lg/fsf/sf] emns k|flKt ko{Gt ;Dk"0f{ cfsf/x¿ cfkm}+ ;dfKt x'G5g\
hxfF s]jn cfgGb dfq z]if /xG5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f Tof] d]/f] ;lRrbfgGb:j¿k xf], ToxfF ;t\, lrt\ /
cfgGbsf] jf; x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . ;t\sf] cy{ xf] cl:tTj / c;T\fsf] cy{ hf] 5 h:tf] b]lvG5 t/ 5}g .
lrt\sf] cy{ r}tGo h;sf] cfsf/ x'Fb}g . cfsf/df t h8 dfq kfOG5 . cfgGbnfO{ cfsf/df vf]h]
;'v / b'v kfOG5 t/ cfgGb kfOFb}g, Tof] t s]jn lg/fsf/df dfq kfOG5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0f hf] cfsf/
/ cfs[ltdf clNemFb}g p;n] dfq d]/f] c;nL ¿k lg/fsf/ b]Vg ;S5 eGg'x'G5 .
j]bfx+ ;dtLtflg jt{dfgflg rfh{'g .
eljiofl0f r e"tflg df+ t' j]b g sZrg ..@^..
x] ch{'g Û d e"t, eljio / jt{dfg sfndf 36]sf, 36\g] / 3l6/x]sf ;a} s'/f hfGb5' . d
;a} k|f0fLnfO{ hfGb5' t/ tL >4fljxLg k|f0fL dnfO{ hfGb}gg\ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cl3 h] eof] clxn] h] eO/x]sf] 5 / eljiodf h] x'G5 oL ;a} …dÚ
hfGb5' . dh:tf] lg/fsf/ r]tgf;dIf ;do g} x'Fb}g . jt{dfg, e"t / eljio ;fsf/ JolQmx¿sf]
wf/0ff xf] . h;/L lg/fsf/df ;fsf/ ¿k x/fpF5 To;/L g} ;dodf e"t / eljio x/fP/ jt{dfgdf
;do /f]lsG5 . jf:tjdf xfdL ;do lalt/x]sf] 5 eG5f“}+ t/ ;xL cy{df ;do xf]Og, xfdL
lalt/x]sf 5f“}+ . ;do sxL+ hfFb}g / cfˆg} 7fpFdf x'G5 . g t lxhf] lat]sf] ;do cl:tTjdf hDdf
x'G5 g t ef]ln hf] cfPs} 5}g Tof] st}af6 cfpF5 . g t eljio cfO/x]sf] x'G5 g t ctLt
uO;s]sf] 5 . ;do hxfF 5 ToxL /xG5 s]jn xfdL u'lh|/x]sf x'G5f“}+ . dflg; rN5, t/ ;do l:y/
x'G5 . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f e"t, eljio / jt{dfg ;a} hfGb5' eGg'x'G5 . To;sf] dtna s] xf] eg]
pxfFh:tf] JolQmnfO{ k/d r]tgfsf] cj:yfdf jt{dfg, e"t / eljiosf] ;a} cGt/ ;dfKt x'G5 .
hlt r]tgfsf] prfO x'G5 plt g} jt{dfg, eljio / ctLtsf] b"/L sd x'Fb} hfG5 . h'g lbg
s[i0fh:tf] k/d r]tgfsf] cj:yf x'G5 Tof] lbg ;a} s'/f hf] eO;s]sf], eO/x]sf] / x'g]jfnf 5 tLg}
l:ylt b]lvG5g\ . oxL cg'ejsf cfwf/df ;d:t Hof]ltifsf] ljsf; ePsf] lyof] . Hof]ltifsf] ;f/f
ljsf; ;dflw:y lrQaf6 ePsf] lyof] h;sf nflu ;dosf] ;a} cGt/ ;dfKt ePsf] x'G5 .
pgLx¿n] e"t, eljio / jt{dfg ;a} b]v] . Hof]ltif Hof]lto{do r]tgfaf6 cf/De ePsf] xf] . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– …dÚ ;a}nfO{ b]V5' t/ c1fgLx¿ …dnfO{Ú b]Vb}gg\ . s[i0fnfO{ sf}/jx¿ o'4 xfl//x]sf 5g\
eGg] yfxf lyof] . of] o'4sf] kl/0ffd pxfFsf] nflu jt{dfg xf] t/ ch{'gnfO{ sf}/jx¿ o'4 xfl//x]sf
5g\ eGg] s'g} hfgsf/L 5}g . s[i0fnfO{ o'4sf af/]df yfxf lyof] To;}n] pxfFn] ch{'gnfO{ eGg'eof]–
ltdL o'4af6 gefu, ltdL h;nfO{ df5{' elg/x]sf 5f} ltgLx¿ t klxNo} dfl/O;s]sf 5g\ lsgeg]
d pgLx¿sf] nf; b]lv/x]sf] 5' . ha s]xL ;dokl5 Tof] jt{dfg x'G5 ta ltdLn] klg b]Vg] 5f} .
ltdL pgLx¿nfO{ d}n] df5{' eGg] 7fGb5f} t/ ltgLx¿ t klxNo} ;dfKt eO;s]sf 5g\ . ltdL t
s]jn lgldQ dfq xf}+ .
kxf8af6 tn x]g{ ;lhnf] x'G5 t/ tnaf6 dfly x]g{ sl7g x'G5 . hlt xfdL tn x'G5f}+ xfd|f]
r]tgf Tolt g} ;ÍL0f{ x'G5 / hlt dfly x'G5f}+ Tolt g} lj:tf/ x'G5 . s[i0fnfO{ b]Vg ;lhnf] 5,
To;}n] pxfF ;a}nfO{ ;lhn} b]Vg ;Sg'x'G5 t/ ;a}n] s[i0fnfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}gg\ . s[i0fnfO{ lrGg]x¿
cfkm"nfO{ pxfFdf ;dk{0f u/]/ afFR5g\ / h] s[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] xf] ToxL x'G5 eGg] s'/f hfGb5g\ .

nf]suLtf– 310
 cWofo–&
s[i0fsf nflu o'4 v]n dfq xf] / pxfFn] h'g lgolt xf] Tof] eP/ g} 5f8\g] 5 eGg] b]Vg'ePsf] 5 .
s[i0fnfO{ h] x'g]jfnf 5 Tof] 1ft 5 . o; o'4df s[i0fnfO{ h;n] hfGg ;Sof] p;sf nflu t pxfF
lg/fsf/ k/dfTdf x'g'x'GYof] t/ h;n] pxfFnfO{ hfGg ;s]gg\ ltgLx¿sf nflu t s]jn ;fdfGo
JolQmsf ¿kdf dfq b]lvg'eof] . >Ls[i0f h;n] lg/fsf/nfO{ b]Vg ;S5 To;n] dfq dnfO{ jf:tljs
¿kdf lrGg] 5 eGg'x'G5 .
OR5få]if;d'Ty]g åGådf]x]g ef/t .
;j{e"tflg ;Ddf]x+ ;u]{ oflGt k/Gtk ..@&..
x] e/tj+zL k/Gtk Û ;a} hLjx¿ OR5f, å]if Pjd\ 3[0ffaf6 pTkGg ePsf] ;'v–b'vflbsf] åGådf
k/L e|ldt eP/ df]xjz ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL clt–c1fgtfdf k|fKt eO/x]sf 5g\ ..
o]iff+ TjGtut+ kfk+ hgfgf+ k'0osd{0ffd\ .
t] åGådf]xlgd{'Qmf ehGt] df+ b[9j|tfM ..@*..
h;n] kfksd{ lgd{"n eP/ k'0osd{ cyf{t\ >]i7 sd{sf] cfr/0f u/]sf 5g\ ltgLx¿ df]xsf]
åGåaf6 d'Qm x'bF } b[9 lgZro ePsf k'?if d]/} ehg ub{5g\ ..
oxfF >L s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ …ef/tÚ eg]/ ;Daf]wg ug{' ePsf] 5 / o;} cWofosf] cf7f}F Znf]sdf
…sf}Gt]oÚ eg]/ ;Daf]wg ug{'ePsf] 5 h'g cy{k"0f{ 5 . sf}Gt]o eGbf ch{'gsf] dft[s"ntkm{sf] / ef/t
eGbf csf]{ lkt[s"n tkm{sf] dxfgtf k|s6 x'G5 . ch{'g o'4af6 ljd'v x'g'clw pgsf] dft[–lkt[s'nsf]
pQ/bfloŒj / st{Jo kfngsf] :d/0f u¿g\ eg]/ a8f] s'zntfk"j{s >Ls[i0fn] of] ;Daf]wg ug{'
ePsf] xf] . OR5f, /fu / å]ifaf6 d'Qm ePsf dflg;n] g} k|e'sf] :d/0f / ehg ub{5g\ . h;sf] lrQ
OR5f, /fu / å]if h:tf Joy{ ljsf/x¿n] el/Psf] x'G5, To;n] k|e'sf] k|fy{gf / :d/0f ug]{ ;Defjgf
g} x'Fb}g . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] e/tj+ZL k/dtk OR5f, å]if / 3[0ffaf6 pTkGg ;'v–b'vsf]
e|ddf k/]/ df]xjz ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL clt c1fgtfdf k|fKt eO/x]sf 5g\ . dgsf] cfkm"n] cfkm}+“nfO{
ljiffQm ug]{ bf}8 ha;Dd ;dfKt x'Fb}g, ta;Dd k|e':d/0f / ehg c;Dej x'G5 . ca'em Pjd\
c1fgLx¿ OR5f / å]ifdf g} cfˆgf] hLjgnLnf ;dfKt kf5{g\ / cfkm“}+ g} gs{sf] ofqf u5{g\ . 1fgLx¿
cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{ cfgGbsf] ofqfdf lg/Gt/ k|jflxt u5{g\ . h;n] cfˆgf] dgnfO{ lgisfd efjn]
kljq u/]/ Pjd\ /fu / å]if k|e'df ;dlk{t u5{ To:tf] 1fgL eQmn] s[i0fnfO{ k|fKt u5{ . To:t} p7\bf,
a:bf, ;'Tbf k|To]s s[Todf eujt\ ehgdf nLg /xg] Pjd\ k|e'df ;dlk{t x'g] JolQm klg s[i0fdf
nLg x'G5 .
hLjgnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0fn] g} xfd|f] wf/0ff aG5 . kfgL kg{'nfO{ ;fdfGo b[li6af6 x]bf{ kfgL
k/]sf] jf leHbf kfgLn] lehfof] eGg] wf/0ff x'g ;S5 . gsf/fTds wf/0ff /fv]df kfgL k/]sf] k|lt
gsf/sf] b[li6 klg x'g ;S5 t/ ;sf/fTds b[li6n] x]g]{ xf] eg] kfgLdf xfdL k/dfTdfsf] k|;fb
al;{Psf] kfpg ;S5f}+“ . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;sf] dgdf sfd–å]if cflb 5}g, h;n] kfksd{
lgd"{n eP/ k'0osd{ cyf{t\ >]i7 sd{sf] cfr/0f u/]sf 5g\, hf] s;}k|lt 3[0ffn] el/Psf] 5}g pm
;/ntfk"j{s d]/f] ehgdf nLg x'g ;S5 . o:tf] 1fgLnfO{ d pknAw x'G5' . o:tf] JolQm hut\df
k/dfTdfsf cltl/Qm c¿ s;}nfO{ b]Vb}g .
h/fd/0fdf]Iffo dfdfl>To otlGt o] .
t] a|≈d tlåb'M s[T:gdWofTd+ sd{ rflvnd\ ..@(..
hf] j[åtf / d[To'af6 d'lQm k|fKt ug{sf nflu elQmk"j{s d]/f] z/0fdf kb{5g\ ltgLx¿ ;d:t
lbJo sd{nfO{, a|≈dnfO{ / ;Dk"0f{ cWofTdnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kn] hfGb5g\ ..

nf]suLtf– 311
cWofo–&
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] d]/f] z/0fdf kb{5g\ pgLx¿ ;a} b'vaf6 d'Qm x'G5g\ / ;d:t lbJo
sd{, a|Xd / cWofTdnfO{ hfGb5g\ . z/0f zAbdf wd{sf] ;f/f ;f/ /x]sf] 5 . k"j{df vf]lhPsf]
cfwf/e"t ljifo klg z/0f g} xf] . hf] cfkm"nfO{ c;xfo / ;a} s[To 1ft–c1ft zlQmn] g} u/fPsf]
xf], d t s]jn lgldQ dfq x'F eGg] 7fg]/ cfkm"nfO{ k|e'df ;dlk{t u5{ ToxL z/0fdf kg{' z/0ffult
x'g' xf] . cgGtnfO{ ca d ltd|f] r/0fdf ;dlk{t ePF eGg] efj z/0ffult xf] . >4fk"j{s h;n]
k|e'nfO{ ltd|f] OR5f k"/f xf];\ eGg ;S5 p;sf] hLjgaf6 b'v labf x'G5 . d]/f] OR5f b'v xf] /
p;sf] OR5f b'vsf] cGTo xf] eg]/ ;f]Rg] JolQmnfO{ d[To' g} cfP klg pm ljrlnt x'Fb}g . 36gfx¿
aflx/ x'G5g\ / JolQm To;af6 d'Qm x'G5 . jf:tjdf …dÚsf] l;jfo hut\df c¿ s'g} b'v 5}g . xfdL
k"/f …dÚefj cyf{t\ stf{kgaf6 el/Psf 5f}+ / Tof] …dÚ g} xfdLnfO{ ;dlk{t x'g Pjd\ z/0fdf hfg
lbFb}g .
h'g k/dfTdfnfO{ xfdL kfpgof]Uo klg 5}g eg]/ pk]Iff u5f“} cGTodf pxL k/dfTdf z/0f x'g
of]Uo lyof] eGg] yfxf x'G5 . z/0f cb\e't cg'ej xf] . z/0fsf] cy{ …dÚ ca 5}g ltdL g} 5f} / ca
ltdL h] u/fpF5f} / h] u5f}{ To;;Fu d ;xdt 5' eGg] xf] . h'g lbg JolQm k/dfTdfsf] z/0fdf
cfkm"nfO{ 5f]l8lbG5 To;} If0f pm k/dfTdf;Fu Ps x'G5 . hLjgsf] /x:o ha;Dd xfdL cfkm"nfO{
arfpF5f“}+ ta;Dd xfdL cfkm"nfO{ x/fpF5f}+“ / h'g lbg cfkm"nfO{ 5f]l8lbG5f“}+ ToxL lbg cfkm"nfO{
arfpF5f“}+ eGg] xf] . ha;Dd xfdL cfkm"nfO{ arfpF5f“}+, xfd|f] d'flL vfnL x'G5 / h'g lbg cfk"mnfO{
5f]l8lbG5f“},+ ToxL ;do of] ;f/f ;Dkbf / hut\ xfd|f] x'G5 . ha;Dd d cyf{t\ cxª\sf/ leq afFsL
/xG5 of] ;Dej x'Fb}g . jf:tjdf cxª\sf/ xfd|f] ldq h:tf] nfU5 t/ oxL g} ;a}eGbf 7'nf] zq' xf] .
h;nfO{ xfdLn] ldq ;D‰of}+ ltgLx¿ g} xfd|f zq' x'g\ / ToxL …dÚn] z/0fdf hfg / lz/ em'sfpg
klg lbFb}g . xfdL ha ;dk{0f u5f}{+ ToxL If0f lj/f6\ pmhf{ xfdLleq k|j]z u/]/ gofF zlQm k|bfg
u5{ . s[i0fsf] uLtfsf] ;f/ g} z/0ffult (Complete surrender) xf] . >Ls[i0f elQmk"0f{ z/0ffultn]
dfq d cyf{t\ cxª\sf/ x6\5 eGg'x'G5 . pxfFsf egfOdf hf] z/0fdf hfG5 To;n] ;a} s'/f kfpF5 .
;flwe"tflwb}j+ df+ ;flwo1+ r o] ljb'M .
k|of0fsfn]˜lk r df+ t] ljb'o{'Qmr]t;M ..#)..
hf] k'?if clew"t, clwb}j tyf clwo1;lxt dnfO{ cGtsfndf klg hfGb5 To:tf] o'Qm lrQ
ePsf] k'?ifn] …dÚ nfO{ g} hfGb5 / d[To'sfndf …dÚ nfO{ g} k|fKt ub{5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿df / cGwsf/df klg h;n] clwe"t, clwb}j tyf
clwo1;lxt dnfO{ g} b]Vb5 p;n] dnfO{ g} hfGb5 / d[To'sfndf klg dnfO{ g} k|fKt ub{5 . xfdL
;a}nfO{ k/dfTdf k|sfz, hLjg / cfgGb:j¿k xf] h:tf] nfUb5 . t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'g5– h;n]
dnfO{ ;a} k|f0fLdf b]Vb5 To;n] cGwsf/, b'v / d[To'df klg dnfO{ g} b]Vb5 / dnfO{ g} k|fKt
ub{5 . ha;Dd d[To'df k/dfTdf b]lvGg, ta;Dd cd[t k|fKt x'Fb}g . ljk/Lt / cGwsf/df k/dfTdf
gb]lvP;Dd k/dfTdf pknAw x'g ;Sb}g . xfdL lhGbuLnfO{ b'O{ lx:;fdf afF8]/ x]5f}{+ . To;}n] xfdL
eG5f}“– x] k|e' Û dnfO{ cGwsf/af6 k|sfzlt/, d[To'af6 cd[tlt/, eoaf6 ceolt/ / b'vaf6 ;'vlt/
n}hfpm . of] xfdLh:tf ga'‰g] JolQmx¿sf] k|fy{gf xf], h;n] hLjgnfO{ b'O{ efudf afF8]/ ;f]Rb5f}F .
h;n] ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLdf s[i0fnfO{ b]V5g\ pgLx¿ cGwsf/df klg pxfFnfO{ g} kfpF5g\ . o:tf] JolQmn] x]
k|e' Û d cGwsf/, b'v / d[To'df klg ltdLnfO{ g} b]Vg ;s"F, dnfO{ cd[tsf] s'g} rfxgf 5}g eGg]
k|fy{gf ub{5 . hut\df tŒj Ps dfq 5 . h;nfO{ xfdL cGwsf/ eG5f}+“, Tof] k|sfzsf] g} ¿k xf] .
h;nfO{ xfdL d[To' eG5f}+“, Tof] cd[tsf] Pp6f ¿kfGt/0f xf] . h;nfO{ xfdL kL8f, ;Gtfk, b'v eG5f}+

nf]suLtf– 312
 cWofo–&
Tof] klg cfgGbsf] ofqfsf] la:ff}gL dfq xf] . t/ To;nfO{ xfdL ta b]Vg ;S5f“},+ ha xfdL hLjgnfO{
Pslqt ¿kdf x]g{ ;S5f}+ . t/ xfdL t hLjgnfO{ 6'qmf–6'qmf u/]/ x]5f}{+ . xfd|f] a'l4n] ;a} s'/fnfO{
v08–v08 kf5{ lsgeg] a'l4sf] sfd g} lrhx¿nfO{ tf]8\g' xf], hf]8g' xf]Og .
cfh eGbf Ps xhf/ jif{clu ;]na]l;; gfdsf O;fO{ ;fw' ef/tjif{ cfP . pgL cToGt
cb\e't JolQmx¿dWo] Ps lyP . s]xL jif{kl5 pgL Sofyf]lns rr{sf kf]k klg eP . hlt kf]kx¿
eP ltgLx¿;Fu pgsf] t'ngf g} x'g ;Sb}g . pgn] lxGb" ;+:s[lt, ;fwgf / /x:osf af/]df uxg
cWoog / k|of]u u/]sf lyP . Ps hgf ;fw'n] pgnfO{ tfdfn] ag]sf] 6fpsf] -dfgj vKk/_ pkxf/
lbP . Tof] 6fpsfaf6 …xf] jf xf]OgÚ eGg] hjfkm cfpFYof] . Tof] 6fpsf] rfFbLn] a]l/Psf] lyof] .
;]na]l;;n] Tof] vKk/;Fu xhf/f}+ k|Zg u/], ;b}j ;xL hjfkm kfP . h:tf] ls s'g} JolQm ef]ln d5{ <
eg]/ ;f]Wbf 6fpsfn] xf] eg]/ hjfkm lbFbf Tof] JolQm ef]ln g} d¥of] . s;}nfO{ p;n] xf]Og eGof] hf]
d/]g . ;]na]l;;nfO{ Tof] 6fpsf] pkxf/ lbg] JolQmn] eg]sf] lyof] ls a'l4sf] s'/f ;'g]/ of]
6fpsfnfO{ slxNo} vf]n]/ gx]g{" . t/ ;]na]l;;n] ha k|To]s k|Zgsf] hjfkm ;xL kfP pgL a]r}g eP
/ ;'Tg klg ;s]gg\ . ta o;leq s] 5 eg]/ pgn] Tof] 6fpsf] vf]n]/ x]/] . 6fpsf] leq t s]xL klg
lyPg . Tof] Pp6f ;fwf/0f vKk/ dfq lyof] . ;]na]l;; cToGt b'vL eP . cfh klg Tof] vKk/nfO{
e]l6sg l;6Lsf] kf]ksf] sfof{nodf /flvPsf] 5 . ;]na]l;;n] w]/} kZrfQfksf ;fy Tof] 6fpsfnfO{
hf]8\g t ;kmn eP t/ To;af6 s'g} hjfkm cfPg .
leq s] 5 eg]/ xfdL tTsfn lrhx¿nfO{ kmf]8]/ jf 6'S|ofP/ x]g{ rfxG5f}+“ t/ leqsf] tŒj
hf]l8Psf] x'G5, 6'lqmPsf] x'Fb}g . h'g lrhnfO{ xfdL kmf]8\5f“}+ To;sf] k"0f{ cl:tTj ;dfKt x'G5 .
hLjgsf ;a} /x:ox¿ k"0f{tfdf x'G5g\ . To;}n] lj1fgn] slxNo} klg /x:o kQf nufpg ;Sb}g
lsgeg] lj1fgsf] k"/f k|lqmof 6'S|ofP/ ljZn]if0f ug]{ x'G5 . To;}n] k/df0f' t kfOof] t/ cfTdf
slxNo} kfOPg . k/df0f' 6'qmf kf/]/ kfOG5 eg] cfTdf hf]8]/ kfOG5 . ljB'tLo s0f On]S6«f]g 6'S|ofP/
kfOG5 t/ k/dfTdf hf]8]/ dfq kfOG5 . s[i0f cGwsf/–k|sfz, hLjg–d[To'sf] lardf ;dtfsf] s'/f
ug{'x'G5 . hf] ;a} k|f0fLdf dnfO{ b]V5 p;n] Ps lbg cGwsf/df klg dnfO{ b]Vg] 5 . h'g lbg
g/fd|f] jf c?lrs/ j:t'df klg k/dfTdf b]lvg yfN5 Tof] lbg s'g} c?lrs/ g} z]if /xGg . s'g}
JolQmsf] cfFvf lgsfn]/ ;fd'Gg] /fVof] eg] Tof] eofgs b]lvG5 . t/ z/L/sf] Ps cËsf] ¿kdf x]bf{
cfFvf ;'Gb/ x'G5 lsgeg] k"0f{tfdf dfq ;a} s'/f ;'Gb/ x'G5 . ha v08 x'G5, ta s'¿k x'G5 . ha
s;}n] k"/f hLjg / lj/f6\nfO{ ;+o'Qm ¿kdf x]5{, ta of] k/d ;f}Gbo{do x'G5 . ToxL k/d ;f}Gbo{ g}
eujt\ ;f}Gbo{ xf] .
t/ xfdL ;a} s'/f 6'qmfdf x]5f}{+ . ha xfdL j[If x]5f}{,+ ta ;"o{ b]Vb}gf}+“ . ;"o{ / j[If ;+o'Qm
hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ . ;"o{nfO{ ha x]5f}{+, ta hldg x]b}{gf“}+ . ;"o{ / k[YjL ;+o'Qm ¿kdf hf]l8Psf 5g\ .
/ft x]bf{ lbg / lbg x]bf{ /ft b]Vg ;Sb}gf}+ t/ oL b'j} Ps csf{;Fu ;+o'Qm x'G5g\ . k|sfz / cGwsf/
klg Ps–csf{sf k"/s x'g\ . xfdL t olt;Dd sdhf]/ 5f}+ ls xfdL Pp6f l;Ssfsf b'O{ kf6f klg
Ps;fy b]Vg ;Sb}gf}+ . To;}n] ts{zf:qLx¿ eG5g\– k};fsf b'O{ kf6fnfO{ s;}n] klg Ps ;fy b]v]sf
g} 5}gg\ clg s;/L dfGg' ls oL Ps x'g\ . dfgj a'l4n] ;+o'Qm b]Vg ;Sb}g, v08 v08 u/]/ dfq
b]Vg ;S5 t/ v08df ;a} ;f}Gbo{ r]tgf / ;To ;dfKt eP/ x/fpF5 / s]jn c;f}Gbo{ / s'¿ktf
dfq afFsL /xG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;a} k|f0fLdf dnfO{ b]Vg] JolQmn] dfq dnfO{ b]V5 . ;d:t
k|f0fL, jiff{, afbn, kfgL, b'v, ;'v, ldq, zq', zAb, df}g cflb ;a}df ha Ps b]lvG5 ta dfq å}t
cyf{t\ ljk/Lt afFsL /xGg, s]jn Ps dfq aR5 . ha k|f0fdf Ps dfq aR5 Tof] lbg gofF cfofddf

nf]suLtf– 313
cWofo–&
km8\sf] df/]/ gofF hut\df k|j]z x'G5 . cGTodf z/0fdf hfg' g} dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . cg's"ndf dfq
xf]Og k|lts"ndf klg k/dfTdfnfO{ b]v]/ z/0fdf hfg ;Sg' g} dg''iosf] k/LIff / r'gf}tL xf] .
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] 1fglj1fgof]uf] gfd
;Ktdf]˜WofoM ..&..

nf]suLtf– 314
 cWofo–&

nf]suLtf– 315
cWofo–&

nf]suLtf– 316
 cWofo–*
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
cf7f}+ cWofo
cIf/a|≈dof]uM

ch{'g pjfr .
ls+ tb\a|Xd lsdWofTd+ ls+ sd{ k'?iff]Qd .
clwe"t+ r ls+ k|f]Qmdlwb}j+ lsd'Rot] ..!..
ch{'gn] ;f]w]– x] k'?iff]Qd Û a|Xd s] xf] < cWofTd jf cfTdf s] xf] < ;sfd sd{ s] xf] <
ef}lts hut\ s] xf] < clwe"t eg]sf] s] xf] clwb}j s;nfO{ elgG5 <
clwo1M sy+ sf]›q b]x]›l:dGdw';"bg .
k|of0fsfn] r sy+ 1]of]›l; lgotfTdleM ..@..
x] dw';"bg Û oxfF clwo1 eg]sf] s] xf] / clwo1 of] z/L/df s;/L /xG5 < tyf o'QmlrQ
ePsf] k'?ifn] d[To'sfndf cyf{t\ cGtsfndf s;/L xh'/nfO{ hfGg ;S5g\ <
>Leujfg'jfr .
cIf/+ a|Xd k/d+ :jefjf]›WofTdd'Rot] .
e"tefjf]∫js/f] lj;u{M sd{;l~1tM ..#..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– ;lRrbfgGb:j¿k cljgfzL lbJo hLjfTdf g} a|Xd xf] . hLjsf] ;gftg
:jefjnfO{ cWofTd elgG5 . k|f0fLsf] efjgf hfu[t u/fpg] Tofu jf lj;u{ g} sd{ xf] ..
ch{'gsf] k|Zgsf] s'g} cGt 5}g . >Ls[i0f h:tf lbJok'?if pkl:yt x'Fbf klg ch{'g k|Zg g}
p7fO/x]sf 5g\ . ToxL sf/0fn] pgn] s[i0fnfO{ a'‰g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . s[i0fn] eGg'ePsf s'/f klg
ch{'gn] a'‰g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ha;Dd k|Zg dfq x'G5, ta;Dd pQ/ a'lem+Fb}g . k|Zg/lxt ePkl5
dfq pQ/ a''‰g ;lsG5 . s[i0f h:tf ;fIfft\ pQ/ cufl8 x'Fbf klg ch{'g pQ/ a'‰g ;ls/x]sf
5}gg\ . ch{'g hlt k|Zg ub}{ hfG5g\ plt g} pQ/ a'‰g c;dy{ x'G5g\ . lg/Gt/ k|Zg p7fO/x]sf]n]
;fgf] pQ/ klg pgnfO{ a'‰g sl7g eO/x]sf] 5 . s[i0fsf] pQ/ ga'‰g'df pgsf] dg g} afws 5 .
cl3Nnf ;ft cWofox¿df s[i0fn] pQ/ lbO;s]sf] eP klg k|Zgsf gfddf ch{'g k'/fg} k|Zg
bf]xf]¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ . o; k|;Ëdf ch'{g k|Zgsf] jiff{ g} ub}{ 5g\ .
ch{'g ;f]W5g\– x] k'?iff]Qd Û a|Xd s] xf], oBlk a|Xd;DaGwL k|Zgkl5 ;d:t k|Zgsf] cGTo
x'G5 To;kl5 t k|Zg g} aRb}g . a|Xd t clGtd k|Zg (Ultimate question) xf] . ch{'g a|Xdsf]
k|Zgkl5 klg k|Zgsf] l;nl;nf hf/L /fVb} ;f]W5g\– cWofTd s] xf], sd{ s] xf], clwe"t s] xf],
clwb]j s] xf] / clwo1 s] xf], of] z/L/df pm s;/L x'G5 / o'Qm k'?ifåf/f cGTo ;dodf xh'/
s;/L hflgg'x'G5 . ch{'gsf] k|Zg ;'Gbf s'g} Ps k|Zgdf pgsf] pT;'stf ePh:tf] nfUb}g lsgeg]
pgL xtf/ u/]/ Pskl5 csf]{ k|Zg ;f]Wb} 5g\ cGoyf a|Xdsf] k|Zgkl5 t s'g} k|Zg g} z]if g/xg' kg]{
xf] . o;sf] cy{ a|Xddf pgsf] ljz]if lh1f;f 5}g eGg] a'lemG5 cGoyf of] Pp6f k|Zg g} ;f/f
pQ/x¿sf] nflu kof{Kt x'g'kg]{ xf] . of] PsnfO{ hfGg] lalQs} ;a}nfO{ hflgG5 / hfGg s]xL afFsL
/xb}g . ch'{gsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f6af6 s] a'lemG5 eg] h'g;'s} pQ/ cfP klg pgsf k|Zgx¿sf]
;dfwfg ldNn]jfnf 5}g . jf:tjdf xfd|f] dgn] ha Pp6f pQ/ kfpF5, ta To; pQ/af6 cGo bz
k|Zg ;f]Wg dg l;kfn' x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 317
cWofo–*
jfb/fo0fsf] a|Xd;"q Pp6f ;fgf] k|Zgaf6 k|f/De x'G5 . …cyftf] a|Xdlh1f;fÚ cyf{t\ oxfFaf6
a|Xd;DaGwL lh1f;f ;'? x'G5 . oxL g} To; a|Xd;"qsf] klxnf] / clGtd k|Zg xf] . ch{'g a|Xd s]
xf] egL ;f]W5g\– t/ If0fe/ klg k|tLIff gu/L pgL cWofTd s] xf] eGg] csf]{ k|Zg u5{g\ . o:tf]
k|Zg xfd|f] a'l4af6 cfpF5, Åboaf6 cfpg ;Sb}g . of] k|Zg d}n] klxn] klg ;f]lw;s]sf] 5' eGg]
:d/0f klg pgL /fVb}gg\ . pgnfO{ s[i0fn] lbg''ePsf] pQ/sf] dtna klg 5}g lsgeg] pgL s[i0fsf
tL pQ/x¿ ;'lg/x]sf 5}gg\ . ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ s'g} k|Zgn] cK7\of/f] kfg]{ ljrf/df klg x'g ;S5g\ .
pgn] s[i0fnfO{ lbSs kf/]/ ysfP/ ltdL h] rfxG5f} ToxL u/ egfpg rfx]sf] klg x'g ;S5 .
t/ >Ls[i0f h:tf] dxfk'?ifnfO{ ysfpg c;Dej 5 lsgeg] pxfFnfO{ /fd|/L yfxf 5 ch{'gnfO{
k|Zg;Fu s'g} dtna 5}g . ch{'gsf ;a} k|Zg ;dfKt eP/ pgsf] hLjgdf qmflGt 3l6t x'g ;sf];\
eGg] s[i0f rfxg'x'G5 . ch{'gnfO{ k|Zg;Fu s'g} k|of]hg 5}g eGg] pxfFnfO{ yfxf 5 cGoyf s[i0fn] of]
k|Zg t ltdLn] ;f]lw;Sof} / d}n] o;sf] pQ/ lbO;s]sf] 5' eGg'x'GYof] . ch{'gnfO{ hjfkm xf]Og,
¿kfGt/0f rflxPsf] 5 / Tof] ¿kfGt/0fsf] cj:yf;Dd k'¥ofpgsf nflu pgnfO{ s[i0f ;DemfpFb}
x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] ca s[i0fn] ch{'gsf] efiffdf af]Ng'kg]{ x'G5 . ch{'gsf] dgdl:tsdf k|sfzsf] ls/0f
k'uf];\ eGg] cfzfn] s[i0f ;Dk"0f{ k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbO/xg'ePsf] 5 . o;} cfzfaf6 uLtfsf] k|fb'ef{j
ePsf] xf] / >Ls[i0f h:tf cnf}lss JolQm xfdL ;a}n] kfPsf xf}F . a'4nfO{ Ps hgfn] ;f]w]– d[To' s]
xf] < pxfFn] k|ltk|Zg ug{'eof]– s] ltdL d[To'nfO{ hfGg rfxG5f} < Tof] lh1f;'n] eGof]– d d[To'af6
aRg rfxG5' . a'4n] eGg'eof]– d[To'sf af/]df hfGg rfxG5f} eg] d[To'df g} k|j]z ug{'k5{ To;eGbf
cltl/Qm hfGg] s'g} pkfo 5}g . o;kl5 Tof] JolQmn] cK7\of/f]df k/L Wofgsf af/]df dnfO{ atfO–
lbg'xf];\ eg]/ csf]{ k|Zg ;f]Wof] . a'4n] eGg'eof]– ltdL Wofg lsg ug{ rfxG5f}, ha;Dd Wofgaf/]
hfGg] sf/0f /fd|/L atfpFb}gf}, ta;Dd d pQ/ lbGgF . ;fob s[i0f / ch{'gsf] ;+jfbaf6 a'4nfO{
cg'ej ePsf] x'g ;S5 .
t/ >Ls[i0f cGo ;a}sf t'ngfdf cb\e't x'g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ltdL of] s] ;f]lw/x]sf
5f}, ltdL h:tf JolQmn] o:tf] k|Zg ;f]Wg ;'xfpFb}g klg eGg'x'Gg . o; k|Zgsf] d}n] pQ/ lbO;s]F
klg eGg'x'Gg / af/Daf/ pQ/ lbg tof/ x'g'x'G5 . ch{'gsf] klxnf] k|Zg a|Xd s] xf] eGg] 5,
>Ls[i0fn] pQ/df eGg'eof]– h;sf] slxNo} gfz x'Fb}g Tof] g} a|Xd xf] . xfdLnfO{ hut\sf ;a} j:t'
gfzjfg\ h:tf] nfU5 . o;nfO{ dfGg] xf] eg] a|Xd hut\df sxLF klg 5}g . hut\sf ;a} lrh
gfzjfg\ 5g\ / ;a} gbLsf wf/ h:tf] k|jfxdf alu/x]sf 5g\ t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;sf] s'g}
ljgfz x'Fb}g Tof] a|Xd xf] . ch{'g of] s'/f a'‰g ;Sb}gg\ lsgeg] pgL t o'4df dfl/g]x¿sf] ljgfzsf]
lhDd]jf/ cfkm"nfO{ 7fGb5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– oxfF t ;a} gfzjfg\ 5g\ / olb ltdL l:y/ x'g
rfxG5f} eg] ltdL cljgfzL a|Xddf l:y/ x'g'k5{ . xfd|f] OlG›on] k}bf x'g] / gi6 x'g] lrhnfO{ dfq
hfGg ;S5, ;bf l:yt x'g] lrhnfO{ hfGg ;Sb}g . olb Tof] ;bf l:yt /xg] ;TonfO{ hfGg' 5 eg]
OlG›oaf6 xf]Og :jod\sf] cGt:s/0fdf vf]Hg'k5{, hxfF OlG›osf] s'g} ult x'Fb}g . s[i0f a|Xdaf/] 5f]6f]
pQ/ lbg'x'G5 h'g ;To 5 cyf{t\ h'g gfz x'Fb}g, Tof] g} a|Xd xf] . hxfF klg ljgfz ePsf] b]lvG5,
ToxfF s]jn ¿ksf] ljgfz ePsf] xf], ¿kfot tŒj t ljgi6 x'Fb}g . cfsf/ ljgfz x'g ;S5 t/
cfsf/sf] leqL tŒj ljgfz x'Fb}g . kfgL afkmdf kl/0ft x'Fbf kfgL gi6 x'Fb}g lsgeg] afkm lr;f]
ag]df of] km]l/ kfgL aG5 . ¿k, cfsf/ ljgi6 x'G5 t/ ¿kfot ljgi6 x'Fb}g . xfdL t ¿k dfq
b]Vg ;S5f}+ Tof] leq n's]sf] tŒjnfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}gf}+ h'g slxNo} klg ljgfz x'Fb}g . ca t lj1fg klg
s'g} klg kbfy{ gi6 x'Fb}g eg]/ :jLsf/ u5{ .

nf]suLtf– 318
 cWofo–*
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h'g lrh gi6 x'Fb}g ToxL lbJo lhjfTdf a|Xd xf] . lj1fgnfO{ klg a|Xdsf]
cg'dfg;Dd ePsf] x'g ;S5 t/ p;n] a|XdnfO{ hfg]sf] 5}g . lj1fgnfO{ kl/jlt{t ¿ksf af/]df
hfgsf/L 5 t/ leqsf] ckl/jlt{t j:t'sf af/]df yfxf 5}g, s]jn cg'dfg dfq 5 . kfgLnfO{
ttfpFbf afkm aGg' cl3 lardf PsIf0f kfgL kfgL klg x'Fb}g / afkm eO;s]sf] klg x'Fb}g . kfgL
afkmdf kl/jt{g x'gsf nflu h'g If0f cfjZos x'G5 hxfF kfgL klg g/xg] / afkm klg gag]sf]
l:yltsf] If0fdf g} a|Xdsf] cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 . To:t} uf8Lsf] luo/ abNg] qmddf klxnf] luo/af6
bf];|f]df jf csf]{ luo/df n}hfFbf t6:y (Neutral) luo/ eP/ hfg'kg]{ x'G5 . of] t6:y luo/ geO{{
gx'g] h?/L s8L xf] . kfgL / afkm b'j} gePsf] larsf] l:yltsf] PsIf0f jf uf8Lsf] luo/ kl/jt{g
ubf{ larsf] t6:y cj:yfdf g} a|XdnfO{ vf]Hg ;lsG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h'g gfz x'Fb}g Tof] a|Xd
xf] . c¿k jf cb[Zo hf] b]Vg ;lsGg ToxL a|Xd xf] . kfgL / afkm b]lvG5 t/ larsf] g kfgL g
afkm ePsf] If0f h'g c¿k 5 Tof] b]lv+Fb}g . Tof] c¿knfO{ JolQmn] vf]h]df a|XdnfO{ hfGg ;S5 .
ha xfd|f] Ps ljrf/ uP/ csf]{ ljrf/ cfpF5, tL b'j} ljrf/sf lardf s'g} ljrf/ g} gePsf]
cj:yf cfpF5 . klxnf] ljrf/sf] cGTo / gofF ljrf/sf] k|f/De x'g g;s]sf] If0fdf a|XdnfO{ vf]Hg
;lsG5 . olb ljrf/ efjsf] lardf ePsf] vfnL :yfgsf] cGt/df 8'Ag ;s]df c¿ksf] bz{g x'g
;S5 . olb leq Tof] c¿ksf] bz{g eof] eg] aflx/ klg b'O{ cfsf/sf lardf xfdL Tof] c¿knfO{
b]Vg ;S5f“}+ / lg/fsf/nfO{ hfGg ;S5f“}+ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ¿k gfl;G5 t/ c¿k gfl;Gg . slxNo} gfz gx'g] c¿k g} a|Xd xf] h'g
;lRrbfgGb:j¿k cljgfzL x'G5 . hxfF ¿k x'G5 ToxfF d[To' eP/ Ps ¿k csf]{ ¿kdf kl/jt{g
x'G5 . To;}n] ¿k jf cfsf/df b'v dfq x'G5 slxNo} cfgGb x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
¿kljxLg, c¿k, zfZjt / cljgfzL tŒj g} k/dfgGb xf] / cfˆgf] :j¿k jf :jefjnfO{ hfGg' g}
cWofTd xf] . s[i0fsf] of] cToGt d"Nojfg\ ;"q xf] . uLtfnfO{ uLtf agfpg of] ;"q cToGt dxŒjk"0f{
5 . >Ls[i0f xfd|f] :jefj g} cWofTd xf] eGg'x'G5 . uLtf k9\g] / dgg ug]{ dflg;x¿sf] klg o;
;"qdf Tolt Wofg hfFb}g . :jefj cWofTd xf] eGg'sf] cy{ cfkm"leqsf] ;bf l:y/ /xg] tŒj h'g
s;}n] klg lgdf{0f u/]sf] xf]Og To; tŒjsf] vf]hL ug{' xf] . Tof] tŒj s[lqd geO{ chGdf xf] . k|To]s
JolQmn] h;af6 of] ;a} hut\ lgld{t ePsf] 5 t/ :jod\ eg] chGdf / zfZjt 5 To;sf] vf]hL
ug{'k5{ .
xfdLnfO{ cfˆgf] :jefjsf af/]df kQf nufpg klg d'l:sn k5{ . xfdL sf] xf}+“ eGg] klg
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g . xfdLn] hfg]sf ;a} s'/f xfd|f :jefj xf]Ogg\≤ tL ;a} xfdLn] l;s]sf s'/fx¿
x'g\ . d h'g efiff af]N5' olb Tof] efifLsf] kl/jf/df ghGd]sf] eP cs}{ efiff af]Ng] lyPF . efiff
:jefj geP/ k|lzIf0f xf] hf] l;sfOPsf] x'G5 . efiffleq n's]sf] cb[Zo tŒj hf] ;b}j df}g x'G5 Tof]
xfdLn] l;Sg'kb}{g . To;}n] efiff s[lqd xf] / df}g xfd|f] :jefj xf] . df}g xfdLnfO{ :jefjdf n}hfg]
dfu{ xf] / of] xfd|f] ;fwgf klg xf] . df}gsf] cy{ leqsf] efiff aGb x'g' xf] . efiff ljrf/ cfbfg–k|bfg
/ cleJolQmsf] dfWod xf] . xfdL PSn} ePdf efiffsf] s'g} cfjZostf x'Fb}g . leqsf] df}gtf xfd|f]
:jefj xf] Tof] s;}n] xfdLnfO{ l;sfPsf] xf]Og . Pp6f 7'nf] le8df zAb k|of]u gu/L ;a} df}g /Xof“}+
eg] xfdL ;a} Ps x'G5f}+“ / efiff k|of]u u¥of“}+ jf af]Ng yfNof}+“ eg] cnu–cnu x'G5f“}+ lsgeg] efiffn]
JolQmx¿df ljefhg u5{ . df}gtfdf xfdL j[If, rG›, tf/f, ;"o{ cflb ;a};Fu Ps x'G5f}+“ . To;}n]
ulx/f] df}gdf ePsf dxfjL/ h:tf JolQmx¿ jg:klt, ls/f cflb s;}nfO{ klg cf3ft k'¥ofpg'x'Gg .
hf] JolQm df}gdf hfG5 p;sf] ;DaGw ;a};Fu ulx/f] x'G5 lsgeg] p;sf nflu hLjg ;j{JofkL
x'G5 / ;a}df Pssf] g} lj:tf/ x'G5 . o:tf] PsfTdstfdf hf] sfl6P klg cfk"m g} sfl6G5 .

nf]suLtf– 319
cWofo–*
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– :jefj cWofTd xf] . o;nfO{ csf]{ b[li6af6 klg a'‰g ;lsG5 . cfFvf aGb
u/]/ leq ljrf/ u¥of] eg] z/L/sf] t cfs[lt 5 t/ z/L/leq d]/f] x'g'sf] (Being) ¿k s] xf] eg]/
vf]Hg'k5{ . leqsf] cfs[lt h;df z/L/ aG5 / kl/jt{g eO/xG5 olb Tof] cfs[ltnfO{ hfGg ;lsof]
eg] la:tf/} c¿ cfs[ltx¿ ;a} x/fpF5g\ / ToxL lg/fsf/sf] cfs[lt dfq afFsL /xG5 . Tof] lg/fsf/
cfs[lt g} xfd|f] :jefj xf] . xfd|f z/L/sf cfs[ltx¿ h'g xfdLnfO{ cfdfa'afaf6 k|fKt x'G5g\ tL
s[lqd x'g\ . leqsf] tŒj hf] z/L/eGbf leGg / chGdf 5, ToxL xfd|f] :jefj xf] . xfdL z/L/nfO{ g}
cfˆgf] ¿k 7fG5f}+“ t/ z/L/ t k|To]s kn cfˆgf] ¿k kl/jt{g ul//xG5 . cfˆg} ;fgf] aRrfsf]
tl:a/ klg xfdL cfh lrGg ;Sb}gf}“ . hfkfgsf h}g kmls/x¿ eG5g\– cfˆgf] c;nL cg'xf/ kQf
nufpm (Find out your original face) h'g cg'xf/ x]g{sf lglDt P]gfsf] cfjZostf k5{ Tof] ltd|f]
cg'xf/ x'g ;Sb}g, sd;]sd cfˆgf] cg'xf/ t ljgf P]gf b]lvg'k5{ . s[i0fsf] egfO cg';f/ :jefj
cWofTd xf] / Tof] chGdf 5 . :jefjsf] cy{ chGdf, ;gftg, cljgfzL, c;[i6, clgld{Q /
cgfof]lht ;To¿k xf] . p;nfO{ hfGg' g} cWofTd xf] / hf] p;nfO{ hfGb5 p;}n] a|XdnfO{ klg
hfGb5 . To;}n] cWofTd a|XdnfO{ hfGg] lj1fg xf] . cfˆgf] :j¿knfO{ hfGg' cfWofTd xf] .
ch{'gn] s[i0f;Fu sd{ s] xf] eg]/ ;f]w]sf 5g\ . pxfF eGg'x'G5– ;d:t k|f0fLx¿df cg]s efj
pTkGg ug]{jfnf tŒjx¿sf] lj;h{gnfO{ g} sd{sf] gfd lbOPsf] 5 . uLtfsf sltko JofVoftfx¿n]
sd{sf] cy{ j}lbs sd{sf08 eg]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf cg';f/ o1, bfg, xf]dflbsf lgldQ h'g ›Jo
cflb Tofu ul/G5 To;nfO{ sd{ elgPsf] 5, t/ o:tf] cy{ plrt 5}g . s[i0f h:tf] JolQm ;fdlos
efiffdf xf]Og, zfZjt efiffdf af]Ng'x'G5 . k|f0fLsf efj pTkGg ug]{ lsl;dsf] Tofu g} sd{ xf] . of]
;fwf/0f cy{ xf]Og hf] c¿ 6Lsfsf/n] u/]sf 5g\, of] c;fwf/0f ;"q xf] . dg'iosf] x'g] (Being)
zfZjt :jefj g} cfWofTd xf] / hf] p;sf] :jefj xf]Og Tof] p;sf] sd{ xf] . xfd|f] b'O{ lx:;f 5–
Pp6f x'g' h'g d]/f] :jefj xf] / csf]{ h:tf] d ub{5' Tof] d]/f] sd{sf] hut\ xf] . xfdL ;a} ul//x]sf]
sfdnfO{ g} cfkm" ePsf] ;f]Rb5f}+“ . Pp6f JolQmnfO{ tkfO{+“ sf] xf] eg]/ ;f]lwof] eg] p;n] d 8fS6/ x'F
eG5 . jf:tjdf 8fS6/ x'g' p;sf] kl/ro xf]Og s]jn p;n] s] u5{ eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L dfq xf] .
xfdL sd{sf] hf]8nfO{ cfˆgf] cfTdf agfpF5f“}+ . To;}n] k|To]s JolQm cfˆgf] sd{af6 g} cfˆgf] kl/ro
lbG5 . olb sd{nfO{ vf]l;of] eg] klg xfdL x'G5f}+ . olb wgL;Fu wg, TofuL;Fu Tofu, lrqsf/;Fu
lrqsnf vf]l;of] eg] klg xfd|f] x'g'df s'g} sdL x'Fb}g . d]/f] x'g' d]/f] ug{' xf]Og .
d]/f] x'g' lgtfGt csd{sf] cj:yf xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f :jefj cfWofTd xf] eg]kl5 sd{sf]
s'/f ug{'x'G5 . ch{'gn] ;f]w]sf 5g\– sd{ s] xf], pgn] klg j}lbs sd{sf08sf af/]df ;f]w]sf 5}gg\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k|f0fLx¿sf] efjnfO{ pTkGg ug]{jfnf Tofu g} sd{ xf] . o; ;+;f/df ha xfdL
s]xL kfpg] OR5f /fv]/ s]xL ef]Ug rfxG5f}+“, ta xfdLn] s]xL TofUg'k5{ . olb wgL x'g rfxg] xf] eg]
To;sf nflu xfdLn] cfˆgf] cfTdfnfO{ TofUg'k5{ . of] ;+;f/sf] s'g} klg ef]u :jod\sf] Tofu xf] /
Joy{sf nflu ;fy{snfO{ 5f]8\g' xf] . ef]uflb OR5f, jf;gf / cfsfª\Iffn] h] klg Tofu ul/G5 Tof]
lj;u{ xf] . lj;u{sf] cy{ cfkm"af6 la5f]l8g' / :jod\;Fu 6'6\g' xf] . To;}n] hf] ef]uL x'G5 Tof] TofuL
x'G5 / cfkm";Fu 6'6\g] Tofu u/]/ ef]unfO{ k|fKt u5{ . xfdL 5'›sf nflu lj/f6\ Tofu]/ a;]sf 5f}+“ .
To;}n] xfdL h:tf] TofuL vf]Hg sl7g 5 . xfdL t Ps sf}8Lsf nflu cfTdf a]Rg tof/ x'G5f}+“ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– :jod\af6 5'6\g' / j:t'lt/ efUg' sd{ xf] . t/ Tof] j:t' slxNo} kfpg ;lsGg /
olb kfOof] eg] klg To;nfO{ kfP/ s]xL kfOGg . k|To]s JolQm cfkm"nfO{ 5f]8]/ Joy{lt/ bf}l8/x]sf]
x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 320
 cWofo–*
sd{sf] of] JofVof a'lemof] eg] hxfF hxfF xfdL sd{df /t 5f}+“, ToxfF sd{ 5f]8]/ xf]Og xfdL
cfk"mnfO{ 5f]8]/ efu]sf 5f“}+ . sf]xL klg sd{ 5f]8]/ efUg} ;Sb}g . efUg' / 5f]8\g' b'j} sd{ x'g\ . sd{df
k|lti7f gu/]/ sd{nfO{ rln/xg lbg' / k|lti7f cl:tTjdf x'g' g}F lgisfd sd{ ug{' xf] . cfˆgf]
:jfefjdf k|ltli7t x'g' cWofTd / cfˆgf] :jfefjaf6 r'Sg] gfd sd{ xf] . sd{df ha stf{efj x'G5
ta Tof] sd{ :jod\sf] Tofuaf6 kmlnt x'G5 . 1fgLn] klg sd{ u5{ t/ stf{sf] efj x'Fb}g . To;}n]
p;sf] sd{nfO{ >Ls[i0f csd{ h:tf] sd{ eGg'x'G5 . o:tf] sd{ ubf{ klg sd{ x'Fb}g csd{ g} x'G5 .
clwe"t+ If/f] efjM k'?ifZrflwb}jtd\ .
clwo1f]›xd]jfq b]x] b]xe[tf+ j/ ..$..
x] b]xwf/Lx¿df >]i7 ch{'g Û ef}lts k|s[lt lg/Gt/ kl/jt{gzLn 5 h'g clwe"t xf] . ;d:t
;"of{lb b]jx¿sf] lj/f6\ :j¿k clwb}j xf] / k|To]s hLjsf Xbodf k/dfTdf :j¿kn] l:yt x'g] d g}
clwo1 jf o1 -sd{_ sf] :jfdL x'“ ..
cGtsfn] r dfd]j :d/Gd'STjf sn]j/d\ .
oM k|oflt ; d∫fj+ oflt gf:Toq ;+zoM ..%..
hLjgsf] clGtd If0fdf dnfO{ ;DemFb} h;n] z/L/ Tofu ub{5 To;n] d]/f] :jefjnfO{ tTsfn
k|fKt ub{5≤ o;df s'g} ;Gb]x 5}g ..
o+ o+ jflk :d/Gefj+ TohToGt] sn]j/d\ .
t+ td]j}lt sf}Gt]o ;bf t∫fjefljtM ..^..
x] sf}Gt]o Û z/L/ Tofu ug]{ ;dodf dflg;n] h'g h'g efjsf] :d/0f ub}{ cfˆgf] b]x Tofu
ub{5, ToxL ToxL :j¿ksf] ;b}j lrGtg ub}{ Tof] ToxL l:yltdf k|fKt x'G5 ..
h;sf] g k|f/De x'G5 g t cGTo g} x'G5 To;nfO{ g} >Ls[i0f a|Xd eGg'x'G5 . slxNo}
ghlGdg] / slxn] d[To' gx'g] tŒj g} a|Xd xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg''x'G5 xfd|f rf/}lt/ h] b]lvG5g\ Tof]
pTklQ / ljgfz x'G5 . ToxL pTklQ / ljgfz x'g] tŒj kbfy{ cyf{t\ clwe"t xf] . kbfy{ xfdL
To;nfO{ eG5f“},+ hf] jf:tljs ¿kdf b]Vg / 5'g ;lsG5 . s[i0fsf cg';f/ k/dfTdf Tof] xf] hf] ;To,
zfZjt, cJoo / ;gftg 5 . Tof] ;b}j Ps /; / ckl/jt{gzLn 5 . kbfy{ cl:y/ / kl/jt{gzLn
5 . h;sf] :jefj g} kl/jt{gzLn 5 To;nfO{ kbfy{ elgG5 / hf] lgTo l:yt 5 To;nfO{ a|Xd
elgG5 .
rf/}lt/ xfdL kl/jt{g b]V5f“}+ . h'g lrh ablnG5 Tof] xfdL b]V5f}+“ t/ h'g lrh l:y/ x'G5
To;df xfdLnfO{ s'g} cfsif{0f x'Fb}g . ultn] xfdLnfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ x'Fbf xfdL l:y/ lrhnfO{ k"/}
e'N5f}+ / kl/jt{g Pjd\ ultzLn j:t'nfO{ dfq ;Demgf u5f{}+ . OlG›ox¿ / dgnfO{ kl/jt{gn] a]r}g
kf5{ lsgeg] dgn] Tof] kl/jt{g;Fu tfnd]n ug{'k5{ . ckl/jt{gzLn j:t'df ;Demgf /fVg'kg]{ s'g}
sf/0f x'Fb}g To;}n] xfdL gablng] s'/fnfO{ e'N5f}“ . ;fwf/0f l:y/ lrhx¿;Fu t o:tf] x'G5 eg]
zfZjt / lgTonfO{ xfdLn] e'Ng' :jfefljs g} xf] . kbfy{ k|ltkn abln/xg] x'gfn] xfdLn] p;sf]
:d/0f ug{'k5{ lsgeg] OlG›on] ablng] kbfy{nfO{ dfq ks8\g ;S5 . ablnFbf] ;+;f/;Fu tfnd]n
u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ To;sf lglDt of]Uo agfpg' OlG›osf] s'zntf xf] t/ k/dfTdf slxNo} abln+Fb}g
To;}n] OlGb|on] k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;Sb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– pm lgTo, lg/fsf/ / z"Gosf] ;fu/
xf] .
>Ls[i0fn] klxn] hf] slxNo} gfz x'Fb}g Tof] a|Xd xf] eGg'eof] . ljgfz To;sf] x'Fb}g h;sf] x'g'
gx'g' h:tf] x'G5 . To;}n] cfsf/ gfz x'G5 t/ lg/fsf/ gi6 x'g ;Sb}g . k/dfTdfsf] cl:tTj Ps
k|sf/n] gx'g' h:tf] 5 h;nfO{ 5'g vf]Hbf 5'g ;lsGg, x]g{ vf]Hbf b]lvGgF / xftn] ;dfTg ;lsFb}g

nf]suLtf– 321
cWofo–*
tyflk pxL dfq 5 afFsL ;a}sf] x'g' gx'g' h:tf] dfq 5 . O{Zj/nfO{ 5 eGg] lalQs} Tof] 5}g klg
x'G5 t/ O{Zj/ t ;gftg / zfZjt 5 To;}n] p;nfO{ 5 eGg' l7s xf]Og lsgeg] 5 eGg] lalQs}
5}g\ cyf{t\ kbfy{df k|j]z x'G5 . cfl:tsn] O{Zj/sf] x'g'nfO{ s'g} k|df0f jf ts{ lbPsf 5}gg\ . h;n]
k|df0f / ts{ lbPsf 5g\ pgLx¿nfO{ O{Zj/sf af/]df s'g} hfgsf/L g} 5}g . h;n] O{Zj/n] g} ;+;f/
agfof] eG5 Tof] ;+;f/ t gi6 x'G5 lsgeg] lgld{t j:t' ljgfz x'G5 . To;}n] k/dfTdfnfO{
agfpg]jfnf eGg' ljgfzsf] hut\df k|j]z u/fpg' xf] . k/dfTdf 5 t/ gePsf] h:tf] p;sf]
pkl:ylt 5 . sf]7fleqsf ;a} ;fdu|L lgsfNg ;lsG5 t/ To; sf]7fleqsf] cjsfz lgsfNg ;Dej
5}g . To;}n] hut\df ;a} s'/f aG5 / gi6 x'G5 t/ cfsfz ;[li6/lxt / cljgfzL x'G5 .
k/dfTdfsf nflu h–h;n] lgs6td k|tLs vf]h]sf 5g\, pgLx¿n] k/dfTdfnfO{ cfsfz
h:tf] z"Go, lg/fsf/, l/Qm cflb eg]sf 5g\ . o:tf] ePdf dfq pm ljgfzeGbf aflx/ x'g ;S5 .
kbfy{sf] ljgfz x'gfsf] sf/0f kbfy{ ljefhg ug{ ;lsg] eP/ xf] . xfdL x/]s kbfy{ ljefhg ug{
;S5f“}+ . ljefhg ug{ ;lsg] j:t' w]/} lrh ldn]/ ag]sf], j:t'x¿sf] ;+of]u xf] . t/ k/dfTdf c;+of]u
xf] . cl:tTj ;+o'Qm 5 / cl:tTjdf s'g} v08 x'Fb}g, To;}n] a|DxnfO{ cv08 elgPsf] xf] . h;sf]
v08 jf 6'qmf x'Fb}g To;sf] ljgfz klg x'Fb}g . h;sf] ;Ldf/]vf x'Fb}g p;sf] v08 klg x'Fb}g .
hlt;'s} ;fgf] eP klg h;sf] ;Ldf 5, To;nfO{ xfdL v08df ljefhg ug{ ;S5f}+ . cl:tTj cyf{t\
k/dfTdf c;Ld 5≤ To;}n] k/dfTdfsf] v08 ug{ ;lsGg t/ kbfy{ ;Lldt ePsf]n] To;sf] v08 ug{
;lsG5 . h'g lrhnfO{ xfdL agfpg ;S5f} Tof] d]l6G5 t/ k/dfTdfnfO{ xfdL agfpg ;Sb}gf}+“ To;}n]
p;nfO{ d]6fpg ;lsGg . xfdLn] dfq geP/ k|s[ltn] klg h;nfO{ agfpg ;S5 Tof] klg d]l6G5 .
xfdLn] agfpg ;Sg] ;a} j:t'x¿ kbfy{ x'g\, h'g gfl;G5g\ . h;nfO{ xfdL agfpg ;Sb}gf}+“ To;nfO{
vf]Hg ;Sof}+“ eg] xfdLn] a|XdnfO{ hfGg ;Sg] 5f}+ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– pTklQ / ljgfz x'g] :jefjjfnf ;a} ef}lts kbfy{ clwe"t x'g\ / k'?if
clwb]j xf] . hf] kbfy{sf lardf afFr]/ klg kbfy{k|lt xf];n] el/G5 To;nfO{ >Ls[i0f k'?if eGg'x'G5 .
kbfy{nfO{ :jod\sf] s'g} af]w x'Fb}g . kbfy{ 5 eGg] af]w klg xfd|f] r]tgfsf] af]w xf] . k'?if gu/sf]
lardf a;]/ k|ltkn cfkm"k|lt / gu/k|lt klg xf];n] el/Psf] x'G5 . To;}n] gu/sf] lardf a:g]
xf];n] el/Psf] k'?if clwb]j xf] . oxL k/d r}tGosf] cj:yf xf] . r]tgfsf] nIf0f xf]; xf] . wd{n]
a]xf];Lsf] lj/f]w ug{'sf] sf/0f hlt xfdL a]xf]; x'G5f}+“, Tolt g} xfdL k'?if geP/ kbfy{ x'G5f“}+ ;fy}
Wofgsf] ;dy{g ug'{sf] sf/0f hlt xfdL Wofg:y x'G5f}+“ Tolt g} kbfy{ sd eP/ k'?if Hofbf x'G5f“}+
eg]/ xf] . k"0f{¿kdf WofgdUg cj:yfdf z'4 r]tgf dfq afFsL /xG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf pm k"0f{ k'?if
cyf{t\ k'?iff]Qd x'G5 . ha JolQm d"l5{t x'G5, ta pm sl/a–sl/a h8 kbfy{ h:t} x'G5 . xfdL
lbgel/df s}og\ k6s slxn] kbfy{ / slxn] k/dfTdfsf] lgs6 x'G5f}+“ . ha xfdL xf];n] el/Psf
x'G5f“},+ ta k/dfTdfsf] lgs6 / a]xf];Lsf If0fdf kbfy{sf lgs6 x'G5f}+“ . qmf]w of sfdjf;gfn] el/Fbf
JolQmsf] xf]; x/fpF5 / ha o:tf] d s;/L ug{ ;S5' eGg] ljrf/ u5{, ta pm xf];df kmls{g
yfN5 . qmf]w / jf;gfn] z/L/df ljif 5f]8\g] x'Fbf o:tf] a]nfdf JolQmn] h] klg ug{ ;S5 . JolQmn]
s;}sf] xTof ubf{ k'?ifsf] x}l;otn] geO{ kbfy{sf] x}l;otn] xTof u5{ . g/fd|f] s[Todf xfdL kbfy{
x'G5f}+“ / c;n s[Todf xfdL k'?if x'G5f}+“ . xfdLn] r]tgfsf] Hof]ltnfO{ hlt a9fof] plt g} clwb]jsf
lgs6 x'G5f}+ / hlt 36fof] plt g} xfdL clwe"tsf lgs6 x'G5f“}+ .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ b]xwf/Lx¿df >]i7 eGg'x'G5 . uLtfdfly xhf/f“}+ JofVof ul/Psf 5g\ t/
s;}n] klg ch{'gnfO{ lsg b]xwf/Lx¿df >]i7 eGg'eof] eGg] s'/fsf] l7s ljZn]if0f u/]sf] kfOFb}g .
pgLx¿sf] dfGotf ch{'g Iflqo s'nsf] ;De|fGt kl/jf/, s'nLg j+zh, /fhkl/jf/, of]4f, s[i0fsf

nf]suLtf– 322
 cWofo–*
ldq, k'0ofTdf ePsfn] g} b]xwf/Lx¿df >]i7 elgPsf x'g\ eGg] 5 t/ of] egfO ;xL xf]Og . h'g lbg
JolQm hLjgsf] k/d ;To ;'Ggsf nflu nfnflot eP/ To;sf] lgs6 x'G5 To; If0fdf g} JolQm
b]xwf/Lx¿df >]i7 x'G5 . ch{'g s[i0fsf] olt lgs6 eP/ k/d ;Toaf/] hfGgsf nflu tTk/ x'g' g}
b]xwf/Lx¿df >]i7 ePsfn] xf] . o:tf JolQmx¿ cyf{t\ ch{'g s[i0fsf lgs6, cfgGb a'4sf lgs6,
No's qmfO:6sf lgs6, Rjf+u t' ;] nfpT;'sf lgs6, uf}td dxfjL/sf lgs6 x'g' b]xwf/Lx¿df >]i7
x'g'sf pbfx/0fx¿ x'g\ . o:tf] ;To p¢fl6t ug]{ JolQmx¿ kf/; h:tf] eP/ cGo kbfy{nfO{ ;'g
agfpg ;S5g\ . o:tf JolQmsf] lgs6 /xg kfpg' g} b]xwf/Lx¿df >]i7 x'g' xf] . of] ch{'gnfO{ :d/0f
u/fpg] k|of; klg xf] . uLtf h:tf] kljq ;Gb]z af/Daf/ p¢fl6t x'Fb}g / >]i7td\ s'/fsf] k'g?lQm
klg x'Fb}g . To;}n] s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ of] If0f jx'd"No ePsf] :d/0f u/fpg'x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f tTsfn eGg'x'G5– of] z/L/df d clwo1 x'F . oxL z/L/leq tLgj6f tŒj 5g\ .
klxnf] z/L/ kbfy{ xf] hf] kl/jt{gzLn / ljgfzzLn x'G5 . >Ls[i0f o;nfO{ kbfy{ cyf{t\ clwe"t
eGg'x'G5 . of] xfd|f] z/L/sf] Ps kq xf] . bf];|f] leqsf] r}tGo h'g sl/a–sl/a d"l5{t h:tf] 5
To;nfO{ >Ls[i0f clwb]j eGg'x'G5 / t];|f] o;eGbf klg leq h'g s]G› 5 To;nfO{ >Ls[i0f clwo1
eGg'x'G5 . aflx/ d"l5{t z/L/¿kL kbfy{ 5 . To;eGbf leq cw{hfu[t wldnf] r]tgfsf] bf];|f] tx 5 .
o;eGbf klg leq k|Hjlnt clUg cyf{t\ k"0f{ r]tgf 5 h;nfO{ >Ls[i0f clwo1 eGg'x'G5 . pxfF
eGg'x'G5– …dÚ clwo1 x'F, cyf{t\ cv08 k"0f{Hof]lt x'F hxfF s'g} w'jfF 5}g . olb Tof] Hof]ltdf w'jfF
ePdf Tof] cw{hfu[t / cw{d"l5{t r]tgf clwb]j xf] . olb Hof]lt geP/ s]jn w'jfF dfq 5 eg] Tof]
clwe"t xf] . w'jfF/lxt k"0f{Hof]lt ePdf Tof] clwo1 xf] . To;}n] aflx/sf] Hof]ltn] s]xL x'Fb}g ToxfF t
w'jfF dfq x'G5 . oyfy{df xfdLn] Tof] cfuf]nfO{ vf]Hg'k5{ h'g ;gftgb]lv g} cljlR5Gg ¿kdf
hln/x]sf] 5 . of] clUgsf nflu OGwgsf] cfjZostf x'Fb}g / of] slxNo} lgEb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
Tof] clgld{t, w'jfF/lxt, OGwgljgf k|Hjlnt x'g] clUgsf] Hof]lt …dÚ x'F . o; z/L/df …dÚ clwo1 x'F
h'g zfZjt / lgTo 5 .
lj/f6\sf] ;fgf] k|lt¿k JolQm xf] . of] lj/f6\ a|Xdf08nfO{ z/L/ dfGof}+ eg] klxnf] kq kbfy{,
bf];|f] kq cw{ r}tGo / t];|f] kq k"0f{ Hof]ltd{o r}tGo xf] . k"0f{ r]tgf / kbfy{ hxfF k/:k/df
ufleG5g\, ToxLF xfd|f] cw{–r]tgf k}bf x'G5 . cw{–r]tgfaf6 kf/ ePkl5 …dÚ / kbfy{ cnu ePsf]
yfxf x'G5 . cw{–r]tgf b'O{ k|sf/n] ;dfKt x'G5 klxnf] k"0f{ a]xf]; eP/ kbfy{ ePdf / bf];|f] k"0f{
xf];df cyf{t\ clwo1 ePdf larsf] r]tgf ljnLg x'G5 . dflg;nfO{ b'O{ k|sf/sf] cfgGb k|fKt x'g
;S5 . klxnf] cfgGb cfgGb geP/ ed| dfq xf] / Tof] k"0f{ d"5f{sf] cj:yf xf] . To;}n] lg›fdf ;'v
kfOG5 . /S;L lkpFbf jf sfdjf;gfdf ;'v kfpg' eg]sf] d"5f{sf] ;'v xf] . ToxfF s]xL ;dosf nflu
;'v kfP h:tf] x'G5 t/ Tof] ;a} lg›fsf] ;'v xf] . of] cfgGbsf] wf]sf dfq xf] . bf];|f] cfgGbdf
JolQm s]xL e'Nb}g, p;sf] :d/0f l:y/ x'G5 / lg›fdf klg pm hfu/0fdf g} eP/ r}tGosf]
cv08wf/f lg/Gt/ aflu/xG5 . >Ls[i0fn] oxL clwo1 z'4 r]tgfsf] af/]df eGg'ePsf] xf] . Tof]
cfgGbdf b'v k"0f{¿kdf x6\5 . a]xf];Ldf x'Fbf s]xL a]/sf nflu b'v e'lnG5 h;nfO{ xfdL ;'v 7fG5f}+“
t/ b'v k"0f{¿kdf x6]/ h'g cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 Tof] g} jf:tljs cfgGb xf] . JolQmsf] k"0f{ a]xf];Laf6
cw{r}tGo / cw{r}tGoaf6 k"0f{r}tGosf] ofqf g} cWofTd xf] . k"0f{ r}tGodf l:yt x'g' g} xfd|f] :jefj
xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] cGTosfndf d]/f] :d/0f ub}{ cfˆgf] z/L/ Tofu u5{, To;n] d]/f]
:j¿k k|fKt ub{5 o;df s'g} ;+zo 5}g . hf] cGTodf k/dfTdfnfO{ :d/0f ub}{ d[To'j/0f u5{ cyf{t\
cv08, w'jfF/lxt, Hof]ltnfO{ ;De“mb} clGtd ;dodf z/L/ Tofu u5{, p;n] d]/f] :j¿knfO{ k|fKt

nf]suLtf– 323
cWofo–*
u5{ t/ h;n] hLjge/ z/L/nfO{ :d/0f u/]sf] 5 p;n] dg]{ a]nfdf O{Zj/nfO{ :d/0f ug{ cToGt
sl7g x'G5 . clGtd If0fdf xfdL hLjge/ h] lyof}+ ToxL cg'xf/ k|s6 x'G5 . cGtIf0f xfd|f]
hLjge/sf] lgrf]8 xf] .
>Ls[i0fsf] egfOaf6 w]/} JolQmx¿df e|d k}bf ePsf] 5 . pgLx¿nfO{ clGtd ;dodf
k/dfTdfnfO{ :d/0f u/f}Fnf, hLjge/ k/dfTdfsf] :d/0f ug{ cfjZostf 5}g / cGTo ;dodf cfkm"n]
;Demg ;lsPg eg] k'/f]lxtaf6 kf7 u/fpFnf, sfgdf k|e'sf] gfd eGg nufpFnf / 3/df efujtsf]
kf7 u/fpFnf eGg] nfu]sf] x'g ;S5 t/ oL ;a} e|flGt x'g\ . of] sygsf] unt JofVof ug{' cgy{ xf] .
>Ls[i0fn] cGTodf h;n] d]/f] gfd ;'Gg] 5 eGg'ePsf] 5}g a? h;n] :d/0f ug]{ 5 eGg'ePsf] 5 .
cGTodf To;n] g} eujt\ gfd :d/0f ug{ ;Sg] 5, h;n] hLjge/ p;sf] ;DkbfnfO{ ;≈Dffn]/
/fv]sf] x'G5 cGoyf cGTo ;dodf :d/0f x'g ;Sb}g . d[To' hLjgsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] 36gf xf] . To;
If0fdf k|f0f tyf Zjf;df hLjge/ k/dfTdfsf] :d/0f gu/]sf] JolQmn] p;sf] :d/0f ug}{ ;Sb}g .
;fy} cGt ;dodf eosf] sf/0fn] ul/g] :d/0f klg k|of]hgxLg x'G5 lsgeg] :d/0f t k/dfgGbsf]
:km'/0ff xf] . To;}n] hLjgsf x/]s If0fdf cfgGbn] :d/0f ug{ ;s]df s[i0fn] eGg'eP h:tf] clGtd
;dodf s[i0f:d/0f x'G5 cGoyf Tof] :d/0f g} xf]Og . o:tf] JolQmn] d[To'sf] If0fdf Tof]
cGt/Hof]ltsf] :d/0f u/]/ oyfy{ ¿k d[To' t x'Fb} x'Fb}g, s]jn z/L/dfq 5'6\5 eGg] hfGb5 . o:tf
JolQm g} k/dfgGbdf 8'a'NsL dfg{ ;kmn x'G5g\ / pgLx¿nfO{ cfjfudgsf] rqmdf klg kg{'kb}{g .
z/L/;Fu tfbfTDo /fVg] JolQmnfO{ dfq d[To'sf] eo x'G5 . To:tf] JolQmnfO{ dfq z/L/ 5'6\bf
b'v–si6 x'G5 t/ h;n] cfkm"nfO{ k"0f{ r}tGosf] lx:;f eGg] hfg]sf] 5 p;nfO{ z/L/ 5'6\g'df s'g}
eo x'Fb}g . hLjge/ k|e':d/0fdf u'hf/]sf] JolQmn] dfq o:tf] cj:yf k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . o; sygsf]
;xL JofVofnfO{ hfGg'k5{ cGoyf o;sf] a'emfO unt x'g ;S5 . s[i0fnfO{ ch{'g;Fu oxL s'/fsf] 8/
/x]sf] x'g ;S5 . To;}n] pxfF tTsfn eGg'x'G5– x] s'GtLk'q Û cGTosfndf dflg; h'g efjnfO{
:d/0f ub}{ z/L/ Tofu u5{, pm ToxL efjdf k|fKt x'G5 . k/Gt' ;b}j ToxL efj Pjd\ lrGtg ul/Pdf
dfq cGTodf ToxL efj :d/0f x'g ;S5 . s[i0fn] eg]sf] s'/f ;'g]/ ch{'gn] klg cGTo ;dodf g}
:d/0f u/f}+“nf egL ;f]r]sf] x'g ;S5 t/ cGTo ;do slxn] cfpF5 eGg] s;}nfO{ klg yfxf xF'b}g .
s'g} klg If0f clGtd ;do x'g ;S5 . To;}n] cGTo ;dodf :d/0f u?Fnf eGg] h;n] 7fGb5 pm
k|e':d/0faf6 jl~rt x'G5 . cv08 ehg eHg] wf/0ff ljsl;t x'gfsf] sf/0f klg oxL xf] . o;sf]
cy{ slt ;ª\Vof k/dfTdfsf] gfd pRrf/0f ug]{ eGg] xf]Og slt efjk"j{s k|e':d/0f u5f}{+ eGg] xf] .
cv08 ehgsf] Ps dfq k|of]hg s'g} klg If0f k|e':d/0fljgf vfnL ghfcf];\ eGg] g} xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cGTo ;dodf JolQmsf] h'g efj x'G5 pm ToxL efjdf k|fKt x'G5 . d[To'sf]
clGtd ljrf/ g} hLjgsf] klxnf] ljrf/ x'G5 . d[To' Pp6f ulx/f] a]xf];L xf], Pp6f gf6ssf] cGTo /
csf]{ gf6ssf] k|f/De xf] . csf]{ gf6s ToxLFaf6 ;''? x'G5, hxfFaf6 cGTo ePsf] 5 . To;}n] clGtd
efj g} lg0ff{os x'G5 . dflg; dbf{ b'vb efjdf k|f0f Tofu u5{ / ToxL clGtd efjsf] l;nl;nfn]
csf]{ hGddf lg/Gt/tf k|fKt u5{ . clGtd efj g} ;f/f hLjgsf] lgrf]8 x'gfn] clGtd efjnfO{
;≈DffNg' 5 eg] To;nfO{ k"/f hLjge/ ;≈DffNg'k5{ . >Ls[i0f k'gM eGg'x'G5– ;b}j h'g efjn] lrGtg
ul/G5, cGTosfndf klg k|foM p;}sf] :d/0f x'g] ePsfn] ;bf c;n efjn] lrGtg ul//xg'k5{ .
hLjgsf] ;f/f ;do c¿ g} sd{ / efjdf latfpg] dflg;n] cGTo ;dodf k|e':d/0f ug]{ ;Defjgf
x'Fb}g . hLjge/ h;sf] :d/0f ul/G5 clGtd ;dodf klg p;sf] g} :d/0f ub}{ labf x'g'k5{ .
hLjge/ ;txL ¿kdf :d/0f u/]sf] 5 eg] To:tf] :d/0fsf] s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g . o:tf] ;txdf u/]sf]
:d/0fdf :d[ltsf] Ps v08 vfnL eP/ oflGqs :d/0f x'G5 . olb nfdf] ;do /fd–/fd eh]sf]

nf]suLtf– 324
 cWofo–*
v08df :d[ltsf] Ps efu :jtM:km"t{ ¿kdf /fd–/fd eGg yfN5 / JolQm cfˆgf] sfd klg ul//x]sf]
x'G5 . o;k|sf/ :d/0f ug]{jfnf JolQm oflGqs :d/0f dfq ub{5 h'g cEof;af6 klg ug{ ;lsG5 .
>Ls[i0fn] o:tf] oflGqs :d/0f geO{ xflb{s :d/0fsf af/]df eGg'ePsf] xf] . k/dfTdf;Fu
xflb{s k|]d eP/ Åbosf] :kGbgaf6 :d/0f lgl:sPsf] ePdf dfq Tof] xflb{s :d/0f x'g] 5 . To;}n]
>Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] 5– cGTosfndf h;n] h'g efjn] z/L/ Tofu u5{ p;n] ToxL :j¿knfO{ k|fKt
ug]{ 5 . k/dfTdfk|lt xflb{s k|]d ug{sf nflu j:t'x¿sf] k|]dk|lt ;hu /xg'k5{ . j:t' tyf
JolQmx¿k|ltsf] k|]dnfO{ k/dfTdfsf] k|]ddf ÅbonfO{ vf]n]/ nufpg'k5{ . 5'›nfO{ k|]d ug{'eGbf
lj/f6\nfO{ k|]d ug{' pQd x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] Åbosf] efjn] lgM;+zo hf] d]/f] :d/0f u5{g\
pgLx¿ d]/f] :j¿kdf pknAw x'g] 5g\ . o;df s'g} ;+zo 5}g .
t:dfT;j]{if' sfn]if' dfdg':d/ o'Wo r .
døolk{tdgf]a'l4df{d]j}io:o;+zod\ ..&..
x] ch{'g t;y{ ;b}j dnfO{ lrGtg u/ / o'4 klg u/ . ha ltdL cfˆgf sd{, a'l4 / dg ddf
;dlk{t u5f}{ ta lgZro g} dnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ 5f} ..
cEof;of]uo'Qm]g r]t;f gfGoufldgf .
k/d+ k'?if+ lbJo+ oflt kfyf{g'lrGtog\ ..*..
x] kfy{ Û h;n] k/dfTdfsf] Wofg / cEof;o'Qm of]usf dfWodn] dg Pjd\ a'l4nfO{ cGoq hfg
glbO{ lbJo k/dfTdfsf] lg/Gt/ lrGtg u5{ pm p;}df k|fKt x'G5 ..
slj+ k'/f0fdg'zfl;tf/–
d0ff]/0fLof+;dg':d/]BM .
;j{:o wftf/dlrGTo¿k–
dflbToj0f{+ td;\M k/:tft\ ..(..
hf] ;j{1, k|frLgtd, cg'zfl;t, ;"IdeGbf klg ;"Id, ;a}sf kfngstf{, ef}lts
cjwf/0ffeGbf k/, clrGTo / k'?ifsf ¿kdf l:yt x'g'x'G5, hf] ;"o{ ;dfg k|sfzjfg\ / cljBf jf
cGwsf/af6 k/, lbJo :j¿ksf x'g'x'G5 pg} k/dk'?ifsf] ;b}j :d/0f ug{'k5{ ..
5f]6f] ;dosf nflu ul/Psf] k|e'sf] :d/0f k|f0fsf] cGt:tn;Dd k'Ub}g . To:tf] :d/0f ;txL
dfq x'G5 / cGt:tn c5'tf] /xG5 . Zjf;sf] efFtL k|e'sf] ;tt :d/0f ug{'k5{ . Zjf; aGb eP
hLjg;Fusf] ;DaGw 5'6\5 . To:t} u/L :d/0fsf] wfuf] If0fe/sf nflu dfq 6'6\of] eg] klg
k/dfTdf;Fusf] ;DaGw 6'6\5 . z/L/;Fu hf]l8g Zjf; rflxG5 / k|e';Fu hf]l8g :d/0f rflxG5 .
xfdLn] k|e'sf] k|ltkn :d/0f u¥of}+“ eg] cGo sfo{x¿ ug{sf nflu ;do x'Fb}g . To;}n] Ps 38L
k|e':d/0f u/]/ afFsL ;do sfddf vlr{g'k5{ eGg] ljrf/ cfpg ;S5 t/ o:tf] Ps If0fsf] :d/0fn]
sfd rNb}g lsgeg] olb xfdLn] Ps If0fdfq Zjf; lnP/ cGo ;do c¿ sfo{ ub}{ Zjf; km]g{
lal;{of}+ eg] xfd|f] k|f0f ;dfKt x'G5 . To;}n] k/dfTdfsf] :d/0f ;tt ¿kdf x/kn ug{'k5{ . k|e'sf]
:d/0f Åbosf] efjn] u/]df h] sfd u/] klg Tof] k/dfTdfsf] ;tt :d/0f g} x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL x/bd d]/f] :d/0f u/ . of] :d/0fn] o'4df s'g} afwf x'g] 5}g . k|e'sf]
:d/0f hËndf efu]/ dfq x'G5 eGg] ltd|f] ;f]r unt xf] . ltdL d]/f] :d/0f / o'4 b'j} Ps;fy ug{
;S5f} t/ of] xfdLnfO{ ug{ ufx|f] h:tf] nfU5 lsgeg] xfd|f] lrQ Psk6sdf Pp6f sfd dfq ug{
;S5 / To;}If0f csf]{ sfd ug{ vf]Hof] eg] klxnf] sfo{af6 lrQ x6\5 . lrQsf] :jefj s'g} Pp6f
ljifodf Psfu| x'g' xf] . To;}n] o'4sf ;dodf k|e'nfO{ s;/L :d/0f ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ ch'{gnfO{
nfUg ;S5 . xfdLnfO{ k|e':d/0f / o'4dWo] s'g} Ps sfddf dfq lrQ nfUg ;S5 eGg] nfU5 t/

nf]suLtf– 325
cWofo–*
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– b'j} sfd ltdL Ps ;fy u/ cyf{t\ o'4 ub}{ k|e'sf] x/ If0f :d/0f u/ .
k/dfTdfsf] gfd bf]xf]¥ofpg' p;sf] ;fFrf] :d/0f xf]Og . ;fFrf] :d/0fdf gfdsf] klg h?/t /xFb}g .
gfd t :d/0fnfO{ ge'Ngsf nflu ug]{ axfgf dfq xf] . olb k|e'nfO{ ljgf :d/0f ;Demg ;ls+Fb}g eg]
gfd:d/0f u/] klg e'Ng ;lsG5 / xfdL l7s oxL ul//x]sf x'G5f“} . xfdL k/dfTdfsf] gfd t
lnO/xG5f“}+ t/ k|e'nfO{ eg] xfdLn] e'n]sf 5f}+“ .
>Ls[i0f h'g :d/0fsf af/]df eGb} x'g'x'G5– of] gfdf]Rrf/0f xf]Og . of] ;+;f/ h'g rf}tkmL{
km}lnPsf] 5 Tof] k|e'sf] g} lj:tf/ xf] . o;sf] af]w alg/Xof] eg] xfdL h] sfd ubf{ klg k|e':d/0f
hf/L /xG5 clg ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿ k/dfTdfsf] :d/0faf6 g} x'G5g\ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL
k|e':d/0f / o'4 b'j} u/ . o;sf] cy{ hf] o'4 ul//x]sf] 5, cufl8 h'g zq'x¿ 5g\ / o'4df lht /
xf/ h;sf] eP klg oL ;a}sf lardf k/dfTdf g} ;lqmo 5 eGg] xf] . olb of] af]w ePdf xfdL h]
ubf{ klg k|e'sf] :d/0f ug{ ;S5f}+“ clg ldq–zq', cfkmGt ;a}df k|e' b]Vg ;S5f“}+ / ;a} s'/fdf
k/dfTdfnfO{ :d/0f u/]sf] cg'ej x'G5 . hLjgsf] wf/fdf s0f s0fdf k|e'nfO{ :d/0f ug{ ;Sof] eg]
dfq ;Rrf :d/0f x'G5 . k|e':d/0f dfnfdf wfuf] h:t} x'G5 . ;a} sd{nfO{ k|e'sf] r/0fdf ;dk{0f
ug{ ;lsof] eg] of] k|e':d/0f x'g] 5 . :d/0f o:tf] xf];\ ls k|To]s sd{ Wofg aGg ;sf];\ . 1fgLn]
sd{Tofu gu/L k|e'sf] :d/0f ub}{ k/dfTdfnfO{ cfˆgf] dgdlGb/df lj/fhdfg u/fPsf] x'G5 . ch{'gsf]
lrGtf / egfO o'4 / wd{ b'j} cnu s'/f x'g\ eGg] 5 . ch{'gsf] dfq xf]Og xfdL ;a}sf] lrGtf klg
oxL xf] .
olb o'4df g} ulx/f] Wofg u¥of} eg] hLjgsf] uxg wf/fdf k|j]z ug{ ;lsG5 / :d/0fk"j{s
Wofgsf ;fy o'4 x'g ;S5 . ha :d/0fk"j{s o'4 x'G5 ta o'4 o'4 x'Fb}g, Tof] wd{o'4 x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– olb ltdL k|e':d/0faf6 efUof} eg] / :d/0fsf] snf hfg]gf} eg] ltd|f] ;GGof; klg
;GGof; x'g] 5}g . olb :d/0fsf] snf 1ft eof] eg] hlt;'s} unt sfd ug]{ JolQm klg dlGb/sf]
k'hf/LeGbf w]/} klxn] g} k|e'sf] dlGb/df k|j]z ug]{ 5 . Psk6s klg hf] sf]xLn] >4fk"j{s k|e'sf]
:d/0f u¥of] eg] pm ToxL JolQm /xFb}g lsgeg] :d/0f olt 7'nf] 36gf xf] h;n] JolQmsf] hLjgdf
cfd"n kl/jt{g NofOlbG5 . To;}n] o'4 ub}{ k|e'sf] :d/0f u/ . o;k|sf/ ddf ck{0f ul/Psf] dg
a'l4n] o'Qm ePsf] JolQmn] lgM;Gb]x dnfO{ g} k|fKt ug]{ 5 . x] ch{'g Û ltdL g8/fpm / o'4af6
gefu .
>Ls[i0f dg a'l4n] o'Qm ePsf] x'g'k5{ eGg'x'G5 . Åbon] lg/Gt/ c¿ s]xL eG5 / a'l4n] cs}{
s'/f eG5 cyf{t\ dg / a'l4sf] of]u slxNo} x'Fb}g . a'l4n] Pp6f s'/fnfO{ l7s eG5, Åbon] csf]{
s'/fnfO{ ;To 7fGb5 / lg/Gt/ leq snx rln/xG5 . Åbon] ehgdf 8'Ag eG5 t/ a'l4n] o;nfO{
Joy{tfsf] ;+1f lbG5 . Åbon] kbfy{af6 lg:s]/ k|e'nfO{ vf]h eG5 / a'l4 clxn] cGo s'/fsf] vf]hL
u/]/ cg'ej k|fKt u¿F, k/dfTdfnfO{ t cGTo ;dodf vf]h'Fnf eG5 . a'l4 / Åbosf] lardf lr/f
k/]sf] 5 . To;}n] olb s'g} JolQm o:tf] lr/f k/]sf] ;dodf k|e'sf] :d/0f u5{ eg] Tof] :d/0f k"/f
x'Fb}g . a'l4n] dfq ul/Psf] :d/0f nufgL xf] . pgLx¿ olb k|e':d/0f ul/Pg eg] gs{ t hfg'kb}{g
eg]/ ;f]R5g\ . To;}n] k|e':d/0f u¥of] eg] :ju{ / ;kmntf k|fKt x'g] 5 / b'vaf6 d'Qm eP/ ;'v
k|fKt x'g] 5 eGg] pgLx¿sf] wf/0ff x'G5 . o:tf] lx;fa lstfasf] efiffdf ;f]Rg] JolQmsf] Åbosf]
ulx/fOdf k|e'sf] s'g} Kof; x'Fb}g / of] af}l4s Jofkf/ dfq x'G5 .
xfdLx¿nfO{ o:t} af}l4s Jofkf/ g} k|e'sf] ;DaGwdf l;sfOPsf] x'G5 . s]6fs]6Lb]lv g}
elgG5– eujfg\sf] :d/0f u/]df k/LIffdf /fd|f] cÍ NofP/ pQL0f{ x'g] 5f} . xfdLnfO{ yfxf geP/
xfdL JolQmnfO{ cwfld{s agfO/x]sf 5f}+ . oL afnaflnsf h;nfO{ k|e':d/0f ugf{n] pQL0f{ x'g] 5f}

nf]suLtf– 326
 cWofo–*
eg]/ l;sfOPsf] 5 olb pgLx¿ pQL0f{ eP eg] pgLx¿n] k|e'sf] :d/0f ugf{n] nfe x'G5 eGg] a'‰g]
5g\ / o:tf afnaflnsf cwfld{s 7xg]{ 5g\ lsgeg] nfesf nflu ul/g] :d/0f wfld{s x'Fb}g . olb
c;kmn eP eg] pgLx¿ ;bfsf nflu k/dfTdfk|lt lj/f]wL x'G5g\ / k|e' g} x'Fb}g eGg] 7fG5g\ .
k|]dk"j{s / k|fy{gf u/]/ k|e'sf] pkof]u ug]{ ljrf/ g} p7\b}g / hxfF pkof]u x'G5 ToxfF s'g} xflb{s
;DaGw g} x'Fb}g .
a'l4n] ls t gfl:ts agfpF5 ls t gfl:tseGbf klg tNnf] :t/df lu/fpF5 . gfl:ts hf]
k/dfTdf 5}g eG5g\ pgLx¿ tyfslyt cfl:tseGbf /fd|f x'G5g\ . tyfslyt cfl:tsn] t
k/dfTdfnfO{ nfesf] nflu k'sf5{ . la/fdL 5 eg] lgsf] kfl/b]pm, gf]s/L 5}g eg] gf]s/L lbnfOb]pm
eG5 . cfÎgf sfdgf k"0f{ eP dfq k/dfTdf 5 eGg] p;nfO{ k|df0f ldN5≤ gq p;sf nflu ;a}
k|df0f Joy{ l;4 x'G5 . a'l4 dfq kof{Kt 5}g t/ xfd|f] ;f/f lzIf0f a'l4sf] g} 5 . To;}n] a'l4sf] tn
n's]sf] efjhut\sf] cGt:tn laNfs'n c5'tf] /xG5 . slxn]sfxLF Tof] c5'tf] dgaf6 klg cfjfh t
cfpF5 t/ a'l4n] o;nfO{ bafP/ /fV5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– a'l4o'Qm dg / efj b'j}n] xf]
egf];\ ta dfq b'j}sf] lardf tfnd]n eP/ ;]t' aGb5 . Tof] ;]t' afFlwPsf] If0fdf g} JolQmn]
k"0f{¿kdf k/dfTdfdf ;dk{0f ug{ ;S5 .
a'l4 dgsf] dflyNnf] ;tx ePsfn] o;af6 afXo hut\;Fu dfq ;DaGw :yflkt ug{
;lsG5 . To;}n] a'l4nfO{ cGt:tnsf af/]df ;f]Wg' xfd|f] d"v{tf dfq xf] . ha cGt:tnsf af/]df
xfdL p;nfO{ ;f]W5f}+“, pm s'zntfk"j{s hjfkm lbG5 t/ To;af6 k/dfTdfsf] s'g} ;flGgWo jf ;'uGw
k|fKt x'Fb}g . a'l4nfO{ pkof]u u/]/ Åbo;Fu ;f]Wg] xf] eg] hjfkm cfpF5 . ÅbonfO{ s] ug{' 5 eg]/
;f]Wg] / a'l4nfO{ s;/L ug]{ eg]/ ;f]Wg] xf] eg] dfq kf/ x'G5 . ÅbonfO{ nIo / a'l4nfO{ ;fwgsf
af/]df ;f]Wof] eg] o:tf] cj:yfdf dg a'l4af6 o'Qm x'g ;S5 . a'l4n] dfu{ atfpg ;S5 t/ nIo
atfpFb}g . xfdLx¿ t a'l4;Fu nIo ;f]w]/ e8\lsG5f}+“ . a'l4sf] r/d ljsf; lj1fgdf ePsf] 5 /
Åbosf] r/d ljsf; wd{df ePsf] 5 . olb lj1fgnfO{ xfdL s]sf nflu afFR5f}+“ eg]/ ;f]Wof}+“ eg]
lj1fgn] eGg ;Sb}g t/ lj1fgnfO{ s'g k|sf/n] afFrf}+ / s;/L Hofbf afFRg ;lsG5 eg]/ ;f]Wof] eg]
lj1fgn] af6f] atfpF5 .
lj1fgn] s] ug]{ eg]/ atfpg ;Sb}g t/ wd{n] atfpg ;S5 . To:t} a'l4n] dfu{ atfpg
;S5 . To;}n] ÅbonfO{ of] kfpg' 5 / To;sf nflu ljlw / dfu{ vf]h eg]/ a'l4nfO{ cfb]z lbg'k5{ .
o;f] u/]df a'l4 / Åbo ;+o'Qm x'G5g\ . a'l4 / Åbosf] ;+of]uaf6 of]u kmlnt x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– …dÚdf ck{0f ul/Psf] dg a'l4n] o'Qm ePsf] JolQm lgM;Gb]x …dÚdf k|fKt x'G5 . lsgeg]
Åbo ;bf ck{0f ug{ rfxG5 sf/0f Åbo ck"j{ ljgd|tf xf] . olb s;}n] a'l4af6 k/dfTdfnfO{ vf]Hg
rfXof] eg] ts{ ubf{ub}{ g} vf]h ;dfKt x'G5 / s'g} pQ/ ldNb}g t/ ÅbonfO{ ;f]Wof] eg] k/dfTdfsf]
pQ/ k|fKt x'G5 . ÅbonfO{ k/dfTdfsf af/]df ;f]Wof] eg] k/dfTdf rf/}lt/ df}h'b ePsf] p;sf]
cg'ej x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– a'l4n] o'Qm …dÚdf ;dlk{t dg ePsf] JolQm lg:;Gb]x …dÚdf g} k|fKt
x'G5 lsgeg] ;dk{0f g} pknlAw xf] . h;n] ;dk{0f ub}{g pm k/dfTdfaf6 jl~rt x'G5 t/ ;dk{0f
ug]{ JolQm k/dfTdf;dIf k'Ug ;kmn x'G5 . ;j{zlQmdfg\ lj/f6\k|lt h;n] ;dk{0f ub{5 pm tTsfn
cs}{ JolQm eP/ k/dfTdflt/ cu|;/ x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] kfy{ Û Wofgsf] cEof;¿k of]un] o'Qm, c¿lt/ gaxlsg] lrQn] lg/Gt/
lrGtg ul//x]sf] k'?ifnfO{ k/d lbJo k/dfTdf k|fKt x'G5 . h;sf] Wofg …dÚdf dfq cEof;/t x'G5
/ …dÚafx]s cGoq sxL Wofg hfFb}g eg] Tof] …dÚdf g} k|fKt x'G5 . o;sf] cy{ cGo k/dfTdf qmfO:6,
a'4, /fd, df]xDdblt/ ghfg] eGg vf]h]sf] xf]Og . o; egfOsf] eQm ;d'bfon] unt cy{ nufPsf

nf]suLtf– 327
cWofo–*
5g\ . s[i0feQm ;f]Rg ;S5g\– /fdlt/ dg uof] eg] k/dfTdf k|fKt xF'b}g, t/ of] a'emfO unt xf] .
k/dfTdf t Ps dfq 5 . p;nfO{ /fd, /lxd, s[i0f h] eg] klg x'G5 . oxfF cGosf] cy{ dflg;sf
dgdf xhf/f}+“tkm{ bf}l8g] j[lQx¿ x'G5g\ / dg Ps 7fpFdf w]/} a]/;Dd /xg ;Sb}g eg]/ o:tf]
elgPsf] xf] . dg k|ltIf0f gofFnfO{ vf]H5 / dg Ps 7fpFdf l:y/ eP/ /xg'kg]{ eof] eg] p;n] ult
kfpFb}g / s'Fhf] x'G5 . hf] lgTo gofFsf] vf]h ul//xG5 Tof] k/dfTdfdf w]/} ;do /f]lsg ;Sb}g .
k/dfTdf t Ps /; xf] / k/dfTdf;Fu t ToxL JolQm /f]lsg ;S5 hf] Tof] cEof;df kf/Ët
x'G5 . dflg;nfO{ cwfld{s agfpg] dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f k6\of/ nfUg' xf] . dg x/]s s'/faf6 lbSs x'G5,
kltkTgL lardf klg lbSs jf x}/fgL pTkGg x'g ;S5 . ldq;Fu jf Joj;fok|lt lbSbf/L k}bf
x'g;S5 / gofFsf] vf]hL ug{ yfN5 . ;fy} dg cfkm“}+;Fu klg lbSs eP/ cflQG5 . oyfy{df dgdf
lbSbf/L pTkGg eO/xG5 . Wofg lbSs gx'g] cEof; xf] . Wofgdf klxn] ljrf/x¿sf] kf]sf] v'N5 /
ha Wofg kmlnt x'G5, ta s'g} s'/fdf lbSbf/L pTkGg x'Fb}g . h:tf] ;d'›sf] kfgLnfO{ hxfFaf6 rfv]
klg g'lgnf] x'G5, To:t} k|e'nfO{ hxfFaf6 rfv] klg pm Ps /; x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cGolt/
clnslt klg lrQ uof] eg] Tof] Wofg xf]Og / cGotkm{ lrQ guP/ cgGo ¿kn] …d]/f]Ú tkm{ nfUof]
jf k/d lbJo k'?iflt/ nfUof] eg] dfq k/dfTdf k|fKt x'G5 . hf] k'?if ;j{1, cgflb, ;a}sf] lgoGtf,
;"IdeGbf klg ;"Id, ;a}sf] wf/0f kf]if0f ug]{jfnf, clrGTo :j¿k, ;"o{sf] ;fb[Zo k|sfz¿k /
cljBfaf6 k/ k/dfTdfnfO{ :d/0f u5{ pxL k/dfgGb k/dfTdfdf pknAw x'G5 .
o; hut\df ;a} cNk1 g} x'G5g\ . hlt hfg] klg hfGgsf nflu y'k|} afFsL /xG5 / hfGg'sf]
k"0f{tf x'Fb}g . k"0f{ lj1 t k/dfTdf dfq x'G5 h;;Fu hfGgsf nflu s]xL afFsL /xGg . k"0f{ 1fg
k/dfTdfsf] cGt:tndf dfq x'G5 . To;}n] t k/dfTdf ;j{1 xf] . hf] ;a} s'/f hfGg] ;j{1sf] :d/0f
u5{ pm clncln u/]/ p;;Fu Ps x'G5 . hf] k/d;Qfdf nLg x'G5, p;nfO{ 1fg / c1fgsf af/]df
s]xL klg yfxf x'Fb}g . xfd|f ;dfhdf /x]sf tyfslyt hfGg] JolQm;Fu Ps k|sf/n] k"j{lgld{t pQ/
;b}j tof/ /xG5 . s;}n] ;f]Wgf;fy pgLx¿ algagfp pQ/ tTsfn lbG5g\ . k/d;Qf k|e'df nLg
x'g] JolQmnfO{ 1fg / c1fgsf af/]df s]xL yfxf x'Fb}g / s]xL ;f]Wbf pQ/ leqaf6 h] cfpF5 ToxL
lbG5g\≤ cfkm"n] s'g} pQ/ lb“b}gg\ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f h:tf] JolQmaf6 cfkm}+“ pQ/ cfpFb}g . pxfF t k|Zg
lkpg'x'G5 / leqaf6 pQ/ cfkm“}+ cfpF5 . k/dfTdf ;j{1 5 / ;a} s'/f hfGb5 t/ klg p;nfO{ 1fg
/ c1fgsf] hfgsf/L x'Fb}g lsgeg] Tof] hfgsf/L t s]jn c1fgLnfO{ dfq x'G5 .
k/dfTdf dfq 5 / pm ;bf /xg] 5 . pm cgflb, k|f/De/lxt, chGdf / cgGt 5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– hf] ;j{1, lgoGtf, ;"IdeGbf ;"Id, ;a}sf] kfngstf{, clrGTo, ;"o{;dfg k|sfzjfg\ /
cljBfaf6 k/ lbJo:j¿k x'g'x'G5 pg} k/d k'?ifsf] ;b}j :d/0f ug'{kb{5 . pm ;a}sf] lgoGtf xf]
h;sf] xftdf ;a} s'/f 5 . p;sf] cf}+nfdf ;"o{, rG›, tf/fx¿ 5g\ / ;a} s'/f p;af6 g} rN5g\ .
lgoGtf zAbaf6 a8f] e|flGt ePsf] 5 . lgoGtf eGgfn] ;a}sf] lgoGqs (Supreme controller)
cyf{t\ h;n] ;a}dfly lgoGq0f ul//x]sf] x'G5 eGg] cy{ ;xL xf]Og . lgoGq0f hlxn] klg csf{df
ul/G5 t/ oxfF t p;sf cltl/Qm sf]xL klg 5}g To;}n] p;n] s;}nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ cfjZos g}
5}g . lgoGtfsf] cy{ lgoGqs geP/ zfZjt lgod (The law) xf] . h;sf] hLjgsf] wf/f / lgod 5
Pjd\ h;nfO{ j]bn] /Lt eg]sf] 5 ToxL g} lgoGtfsf] vf; cy{ xf] . pxL k/d;Qf g} lgod xf] /
oxfF p;sf cltl/Qm sf]xL klg 5}g . To;}n] pm ;j{ lgoGtf xf] . af6fdf lxF8\g] qmddf pN6f] kfOnf
rfNg] lalQs} xfdL uNof{Dd 9N5f}+ . j}1flgsnfO{ ;f]Wof] eg] pgLx¿ hldgsf] u'?Œjfsif{0fn] ubf{
o:tf] ePsf] eGg] hjfkm lbG5g\ . xfdL hldgn] n8fof] eG5f“}+, oyfy{df o:tf] xf]Og pN6f] v'§f
/fv]df cfkm“}+ nl8G5, h'g hldgnfO{ yfxf klg x'Fb}g lsgeg] Tof] p;sf] lgod xf] . kfgL ;fu/lt/

nf]suLtf– 328
 cWofo–*
alu/x]sf] x'G5 / k/dfTdf Ps Ps gbLnfO{ ws]n]/ ;fu/lt/ k7fpFb}g, kfgLsf] lgod g} tnlt/
aUg' xf] . To;}cg'¿k gbLx¿ tnlt/ alu/xG5g\ . lgoGtfsf] cy{ zfZjt lgod xf] / k/dfTdf ToxL
;jf]{Rr ;j{lgoGtf xf] .
;"IdeGbf klg clt;"Id eGg'sf] sf/0f of] ;"Id zAb klg :y"n eP/ xf] . xfdL s'g} s'/fnfO{
clt;"Id eG5f“}+ . skfnnfO{ xfdL ;"Id eG5f}“ t/ skfn kof{Kt df]6f] / :y"n 5 . Psnfv c0f'nfO{
Ps ;fy /flvof] eg] Pp6f skfn a/fa/ x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f ;"IdeGbf klg ;"Id eGg'x'G5 .
jf:tjdf To;nfO{ atfpg xfdL;Fu c¿ zAb g} 5}g . of] s]jn dfqfsf] e]b xf] . xfQLsf] cl3lNt/
sldnfnfO{ /fVg] xf] eg] Tof] clt ;"Id x'g ;S5 t/ sldnfeGbf klg ;"Id s'/fx¿ 5g\ hxfF
sldnf klg :y"n x'g ;S5g\ t/ k/dfTdfnfO{ ;"Idtd eGg'sf] tfTko{ p;eGbf ;"Id c¿ s]xL 5}g
eGg] xf] . k/dfTdfsf] s]jn k|tLlt dfq x'g ;S5 / cg'ejn] clnslt :kz{ lng ;lsG5 . >Ls[i0f
k/dfTdfnfO{ ;"o{sf] ;fb[Zo k|sfz¿k eGg'x'G5– ;"o{ Pp6f dWojuL{o tf/f xf] . o;eGbf nfvf}F u'0ff
7'nf ;"o{x¿ 5g\ . xfd|f] ;"o{ k[YjLeGbf ;f7L xhf/ u'0ff 7'nf] eP klg cGo ;"o{x¿sf] t'ngfdf of]
;fgf] 5 . ;"o{sf] ;fb[Zo k|sfz ¿k Pp6f ;Í]t dfq xf] . To;}n] pbfx/0f:j¿k s[i0fn] ;"o{sf]
;fb[Zo k|sfzjfg\ eGg'ePsf] xf] . Tof] cgflb k/dfTdfsf] s'g} cGt 5}g Pjd\ k/dfTdf :jk|sflzt
5.
hut\df csf{af6 k|sflzt x'g] / :jod\ k|sfzjfg\ x'g] b'O{ k|sf/sf] cj:yf 5 . Pp6f
sf]7fdf lbof] afNbf sf]7fdf ePsf ;a} s'/fx¿ b]lvG5g\ / aQL lgefof] eg] b]lvF+b}gg\ . sf]7fsf
;fdu|L b]lvgsf nflu csf]{ k|sfz df}h'b x'g'k5{ t/ lbof]sf] k|sfznfO{ x]g{ csf]{ k|sfz rflx+Fb}g
lsgeg] lbof] :jk|sflzt xf] t/ klg lbof]nfO{ OGwgsf] h?/t k5{ . To;}n] lbof] :jtGq geP/
k/tGq 5 . k/dfTdf o:tf] k|sfz xf] hf] :jod\ k|sflzt / :jtGq 5 . s'g} klg s'/fdf lge{/
gePsfn] pm :jod\ k|sflzt 5 . cljBfaf6 clt k/, c1fgaf6 clt 6f9f z'4 ;lRrbfgGb
k/dfTdfnfO{ h;n] :d/0f u5{ p;}nfO{ k/dfTdf k|fKt x'G5 . xfdL sf]xL klg c1fgdf emb}{gf}+“
lsgeg] xfdL k/dfTdfsf ¿k xf}+ t/ xfdLnfO{ ljrf/af6 em/]sf] h:tf] nfU5 . of] s]jn xfd|f] wf/0ff
xf] . To;}n] ha sf]xL 1fgdf k|fKt x'G5, p;sf] c1fgL x'g] wf/0ff dfq x6\5, c1fg x6\b}g . xfdLn]
h] dfGof] ToxL 36\5 lsgeg] lj/f6\ zlQm leq 5 / r]tgf :jtGq 5 . p;n] h] rfXof] ToxL dfGg
;S5 . j:t'tM 1fgLn] cfk"mnfO{ g 1fgL g c1fgL s]jn cljBfaf6 k/ ePsf] dfq kfpF5 .
cljBfleq b'j} 1fgL / c1fgL x'G5g\ . cljBfaf6 k/ 1fg g c1fg o:tf] xfd|f] :jefj x'G5 . of]
:jefjsf] k/d cleJolQm k/dfTdf xf] / h'g lbg s;}nfO{ leq of] k/d cleJolQm x'G5, ta pm klg
k/dfTdf g} x'G5 . xfdL h] dfG5f“},+ Tof] l:ylt xfd|f] cfTd;Ddf]xg xf] / olb of] cfTd;Ddf]xgnfO{
tf]8\g' 5 eg] k/d]Zj/sf] ;tt\ :d/0f cfjZos x'G5 .
k|of0fsfn] dg;frn]g
eSTof o'Qmf] of]uan]g r}j .
e|'jf]d{Wo] k|f0fdfj]Zo ;Dos\–
; t+ k/+ k'?ifd'k}lt lbJod\ ..!)..
z/L/ Tofu ug]{ ;dodf dgnfO{ c6n /fvL of]uansf zlQmn] b'j} cfFvLef“}+sf] lardf k|f0f
/fd|/L l:y/ u/]/ h;n] k"0f{ elQmsf ;fy k/d]Zj/sf] :d/0f ub{5 To;n] lgZro g} k/d lbJo
k'?ifnfO{ g} k|fKt ub{5 ..

nf]suLtf– 329
cWofo–*
obIf/+ j]bljbf] jblGt
ljzlGt oBtof] jLt/fufM .
olbR5Gtf] a|Xdro{+ r/lGt
tQ] kb+ ;ª\u|x]0f k|jIo] ..!!..
j]bsf 1ftfx¿ h'g k/dkb cIf/ cf]Íf/ -ç_ sf] hk ub{5g\, cf;lQmaf6 d'Qm x'g k|oTgzLn
dxfg\ ;GGof;Lx¿ h;df k|j]z ub{5g\, k/dfTdfsf ;fws hf] a|Xdro{sf] cEof; u5{g\ tL h;/L
k/dkbdf k'Ub5g\, Tof] ljlw ;+If]kn] eGb5' ..
hLjgsf] clGtd If0f ;jf{lws dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 lsgeg] Tof] g} cfufdL hLjgsf] aLh ¿k xf] .
xfdLn] cfˆgf] hLjgsf] clGtd If0fdf cfk"mn] u/]sf], rfx]sf] / ;f]r]sf] ;Dk"0f{ j[QfGt ;ª\u|lxt u/]/
/fV5f“}+ / To;nfO{ :d/0fsf] ¿kdf lnP/ cufl8sf] ofqf u5f}{+ . xfd|f] hGdsf] If0f k|f/De xf]Og
lsgeg] hGddf ToxL aLh cª\s'l/t x'G5 hf] d[To'sf] ;dodf ;ª\u|lxt ul/Psf] x'G5 . To;}n]
k|f/Desf] If0f d[To'sf] If0f xf] / Tof] ;dodf ag]sf] aLh hGdkl5 cª\s'l/t eP/ j[If aG5 .
1fgLx¿ d[To'nfO{ g} k|f/De dfGb5g\ . d[To' cl3Nnf] hGdsf] cGTo / cfufdL hLjgsf] k|f/De xf] .
To; If0fdf xfdLn] km8\sf] dfg{ ;Sof“}+ eg] Tof]eGbf ;/ntfk"j{s hLjg kf/ x'gsf nflu csf]{ cj;/
slxNo} k|fKt x'Fb}g lsgeg] d[To'sf] If0fdf z/L/ 5'6]sf] ;fIfL aGg ;Sof}+ eg] xfdL Tof] b]xljgfsf]
cg'ej ug{ ;S5f}F, h;nfO{ z/L/df /x]/ cg'ej ug{ sl7g x'G5 . gofF hGd ;''? ePsf] 5}g / k'/fgf]
hGd 5'6]sf] klg 5}g, larsf] Tof] ;lGwsfndf olb k|e'sf] :d/0f eof] eg] r]tgfsf] ofqf z/L/nfO{
5f]8]/ a|Xdlt/ ;'? x'G5 . >Ls[i0f oxfF ch{'gnfO{ clGtd If0fdf s] ug{ ;lsG5 / clGtd If0fdf
:d/0f u/]sf] k'?if s'g ofqfdf lgl:sG5 eGg] ;Gbe{sf af/]df atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– Tof]
elQmo'Qm k'?if cGtsfndf klg of]usf dfWodn] e[s'6Lsf] dWodf k|f0f :yfkgf u/]/ lgZrn dgn]
:d/0f ub}{ Tof] lbJo :j¿knfO{ g} k|fKt u5{ .
dg'iosf] r]tgfdf ljrf/ / efjsf] Ifdtf x'G5 . ;+;f/df ultzLn agfpg] pks/0f ljrf/
xf] eg] ;+;f/af6 kf/ ug]{ pks/0f efj xf] . ljrf/sf] Ifdtf ;+;f/sf nflu pkof]uL x'G5 .
ljrf/ljgf ;+;f/df / efjljgf k/dfTdfdf Ps sbd klg rfNg ;ls+Fb}g / xfdL hGd}b]lv ljrf/sf]
Ifdtfaf6 ;~rflnt 5f“}+ . To;}sf cfwf/df k/dfTdflt/sf] ofqf ug]{ k|of; u5f}{+ h;n] ubf{
c;kmntf dfq k|fKt x'G5 . ;+;f/k|flKtsf lglDt k|of]u x'g] pks/0f k/dfTdf k|flKtsf lglDt pko'Qm
x'Fb}g . ljrf/ ts{sf] k|lqmof, lrGtgsf] dfu{ / ljZn]if0fsf] ljlw xf] . olb s'g} s'/fnfO{ lgoddf
Nofpg' 5 eg] ljrf/ / ts{ h?/L x'G5 . ljrf/nfO{ k|an agfpg lg/Gt/ lrGtg h?/L x'G5 . unt
ljrf/nfO{ ts{af6 dfq x6fpg ;lsG5 / ;xL ljrf/sf nflu klg ts{ h?/L x'G5 . ljrf/ lj1fgsf]
hGdbftf xf] t/ cGt/ofqfsf] dfu{ xf]Og . k/dfTdfsf] vf]hdf j:t'sf] ljZn]if0f u/]h:tf] u/]/ hfg
;ls“b}g . ljZn]if0f ubf{ lrhx¿ gi6 x'g] x'Fbf cfTdfsf] s'g} ljZn]if0f x'g ;Sb}g . lj1fg kbfy{sf]
hut\df ;kmn ePsf] 5 t/ r]tgfsf] hut\df o;n] ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
olb hLjgnfO{ hfGg' 5 eg] efj p;sf] dfu{ xf] . ljrf/ kmf]8]/ hfFr u5{ / efj hf]8]/ hfFr
u5{ . efj k|]dsf] dfu{ xf] . xfdL k/dfTdf 5 ls 5}g eg]/ ts{n] leq hfFb}gf“}+ a? efjn] hf]l8P/
hfg] k|of; u5f}{+ . To;}n] kmf]8\g] ljlwn] ljrf/nfO{ k|e'lt/ n}hfg ;Sb}g . ;+;f/ hlt ljrf/jfg\ x'G5
Tolt g} k/dfTdfaf6 jl~rt x'G5 . kfFr xhf/ jif{b]lv dflg;x¿ ljrf/ ug{ s'zn 5g\ t/ efjsf]
s'zntf k|bz{g ug{ eg] r's]sf 5g\ . efjsf] s'zntf k"0f{¿kdf ;dfKtk|foM ePsf] 5 . cfh dlGb/,
dl:hb, u'Daf, luhf{3/ cflb ;a} k|efjxLg h:t} ePsf 5g\ . k"hf–k|fy{gf ;a} Joy{ ePsf 5g\

nf]suLtf– 330
 cWofo–*
lsgeg] efjsf] h'g Ifdtfn] dlGb/ hLjGt x'GYof] / h'g :kGbgn] k"hf ul/GYof], Tof] efj g} ca
sl/j–sl/j ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . ca efjsf] s'g} k|lzIf0f g} 5}g .
elQmsf] ;fwgf g} efjsf] k|lzIf0f xf] / hf] efjdf k|lzlIft x'G5 pxL eQm xf] . ljrf/nfO{
5f]8L efjdUg eP/ k|]ddf afFRg] JolQm g} eQm xf] . k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg k|]defjdf nLg eP/
8'Ag'k5{ . efjsf] nf]sdf JolQm / eQm /xFb}g s]jn elQm dfq /xG5 . o:tf] k|]defjdf 8'a]/
k/dfTdflt/ k|jflxt ug]{ zlQm g} elQm xf] . ljrf/sf] ofqfdf cxª\sf/ klg ;fydf g} x'g] x'gfn]
k/dfTdfsf] ofqf c;Dej x'G5 t/ efjsf] bzfdf cxª\sf/ gx'g] x'Fbf k/dfTdfsf] ofqf ;'ud x'G5 .
efj cGt/k|j]z / cfkm}df lkmtf{ x'g' xf] . ljrf/ aflx/lt/sf] bf}8 xf], o;n] a|Xdf08sf] e|d0f
u/fpF5 t/ leqsf] ofqf u/fpFb}g . h;nfO{ xfdL efj eG5f“},+ Tof] jf:tljs efj xf]Og lsgeg]
efjn] d]/f] / t]/f] hfGb}g . ljrf/n] dfq t]/f] / d]/f] eGg] hfGb5 . efj t s]jn k|]d dfq hfGb5,
e]befj hfGb}g . efj ulx/f] ePdf sf]xL gePsf] lgh{g :yfgdf klg k|]dsf] wf/f ;3g eP/
alu/xG5 . s[i0f, a'4 h:tf dxfk'?ifx¿af6 sf]xL JolQm geP klg ToxfF k|]dsf] ls/0f km}ln/xG5 .
PsfGtdf an]sf] bLkaf6 k|sfzk'~h km}lnP h:t} Tof] efj s;}sf nflu nlIft x'Fb}g . efjdf /d0f
ubf{ cfgGb kmlnt x'G5 lsgeg] efj cGt/udg xf] . To;}n] h;nfO{ efjsf] ofqf ug{' 5 pm
ljrf/af6 ;fjwfg x'g'k5{ . h'g lbg s;}k|lt nlIft gx'g] efj kmlnt x'G5 To;} lbg Tof] efj
k/dfTdfk|lt nlIft x'G5 .
jf:tjdf efj g} xfd|f] d"n cfwf/ xf] . elQmo'Qm lrQn] ;ª\sNk zlQmsf ;fy ljrf/nfO{
leqsf] sfddf afwf lbgaf6 k"/} /f]Sg'k5{ . h'g JolQmn] ljrf/ aflx/sf nflu / efj leqsf nflu
xf] eGg] hfGb}g p;nfO{ efjsf] hut\df k|j]z ug{ sl7gfO x'G5 . hLjgdf sltko s'/f ;f]r]/ ug}{
;lsFb}g h:tf] ls k|]d ug{' cl3 ;f]Rg ;lsGg . hxfF ljrf/ x6]/ efjsf] t/ª\u k}bf x'G5, ToxfF
Åbodf cfgGb kmlnt x'G5 . efjsf] cª\s'/0faf6 k|]d hfu]/ k|fy{gfsf] nf]sdf k|j]z x'G5 / la:tf/}
elQm kmlnt x'G5 . elQmsf] cy{ s'g} Psk|ltsf] dfq geO{{ ;d:tk|ltsf] k|]d xf] . ha;Dd ;'Gb/nfO{
;'Gb/ b]lvG5, ta;Dd k"0f{ ;f}Gbo{sf af/]df yfxf x'Fb}g t/ ha s'¿kdf klg ;f}Gbo{ b]lvG5 ta k"0f{
;f}Gbo{sf] cg'ej x'G5 . ldq;Fu dfq k|]d ug]{n] k"0f{ k|]dsf] cf:jfbg ug{ ;Sb}g t/ zq';Fu klg k|]d
ug{]n] k"0f{ k|]dsf af/]df hfGb5 . h'g lbg ;d:tsf k|lt s'g} sf/0f, lg0f{o / 5gf]6ljgf k|]dwf/f
aUg yfN5 To:tf] cj:yfdf elQm kmlnt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] efjn] el/Psf] elQmo'Qm
k'?if cGtsfndf klg of]uanaf6 e[s'6Lsf] dWo efudf k|f0f :yfkgf u/]/ k/dfTdfdf k|fKt x'G5 .
xfd|f b'O{ cfFvLe'OFsf] larsf] :yfg of] z/L/df ;jf{lws dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . of] t];|f] g]q
(Third-eye) nfO{ lzjg]q klg elgG5 . ;dli6k|lt k|]d, k|fy{gf / k"hfsf] efj x'g] JolQmn]
k/dfTdfsf cltl/Qm s]xL klg b]Vb}g . o:tf] JolQm cGt ;dodf e[s'6Lsf] dWodf Wofg:y x'G5 /
p;sf cufl8sf] z/L/sf] ofqf aGb x'G5 . olb t];|f] g]qdf Wofg gePdf cfjfudgsf] ofqf hf/L
/xG5 . ;+;f/af6 5'6\g] åf/ t];|f] g]q xf] . of] e[s'6Ldf /f]lsPsf] lrQn] lgZrn dgaf6 :d/0f ub}{
Tof] lbJo:j¿k k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . e[s'6Lsf] ;lGw cToGt ;fgf] ePsfn] To;df lgisDk efj
ePsf] JolQmn] dfq k|j]z ug{ ;S5 . efjbzfsf] cGtIf0f cfPdf ;d:t efj Pslqt eP/ e[s'6Ldf
hDdf x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]uanaf6 e[s'6Ldf Wofg s]lG›t u/]sf JolQmx¿sf nflu
cGtIf0fdf e[s'6Ldf efj cfpg ;lhnf] x'G5 . z/L/leqsf dfu{af6 sf]xL r's]sf] 5 eg] clGtd
;dodf dfu{ agfpg sl7gfO x'G5 . xfd|f] Wofg sfds]G›df cTolws x'G5 / sfds]G› e[s'6Lsf] l7s
pN6f] 5 . Ps lsgf/fdf sfds]G› / csf]{ lsgf/fdf Wofgs]G› cjl:yt 5 . olb sfdsf] lrGtg
Hofbf eof] eg] xfd|f] r]tgfsf] hfg] dfu{ sfdjf;gfsf] dfu{ x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 331
cWofo–*
e[s'6Lsf] dWosf] s]Gb|nfO{ of]uLx¿ cf1frqm eGb5g\ . eQmsf] r]tgf Wofgdf uP/ e[s'6Ldf
l:yt x'G5 t/ To:tf] x'gsf nflu of]usf] cEof; x'g' h?/L 5 . olb of] dfu{ tof/ /Xof] eg] cGt
;dodf ;d:t efj cf1frqmdf hDdf eP/ z/L/sf] cfjfudg aGb x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
e[s[6Lsf] dWodf of]uanaf6 k|f0fnfO{ /fd|/L l:yt u/]/ lgZrn dgn] k/dfTdfsf] :d/0f ug]{ k'?if
Tof] lbJo:j¿k k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt u5{ . x] ch{'g Û j]b hfGg]jfnf h'g k/dkbnfO{ ç gfd -pmFsf/_
n] lrG5g\ / cf;lQm/lxt oTgzLn dxfTdfhg h;df k|j]z u5{g\ tyf h'g k/dkbnfO{ rfxg]jfnf
a|Xdro{sf] cfr/0f ub{5g\, Tof] k/dkbsf af/]df d ltdLnfO{ ;+If]kdf atfpF5' . j]b hfGg]jfnf
eGg'sf] tfTko{ rf/j6f ;+lxtf hfGg] jf j]bkf7L JolQm xf]Og . zf:q hfGg]jfnf JolQm s[i0fsf nflu
dxŒjk"0f{ x'Fb}g . h;nfO{ xfdL j]b eG5f“},+ Tof] s]jn 1fgsf] k|lt5lj xf] . xfdLn] k/d1fgsf cufl8
P]gf nUof}+“ eg] hlt k|lt5lj b]lvG5, Tolt g} j]b pbo x'g ;S5g\ . j]bsf] Ozf/f k/d 1fglt/ 5 .
To;}n] j]bsf rf/j6f ;+lxtf x/fP klg j]b x/fpFb}g . CUj]b, oh'j]{b, ;fdj]b / cyj{j]b
dfgjhfltsf :d/0fdf k/d 1fgsf] k|tLltsf 5lj x'g\ .
j]b lg/Gt/ l;lh{t eO/xG5 . ha s'g} JolQm k/defjdf pknAw x'G5, ta Tof] zfZjt 1fg
k/dfTdfsf] Åbodf lj/fhdfg eP/ cfˆgf] k|ltljDa agfpF5 . Tof] 5lj P]gfh:t} cnu–cnu
x'G5 . CUj]b Pp6f 5lj xf] . s'/fg df]xDdbsf] 5ljsf] P]gf xf] eg] afOan lh;;sf] 5ljsf] P]gf
xf] . a'4, dxfjL/, nfpT;' h:tf xhf/f“}+ JolQmsf] k|ltljDa klg j]b xf] . j]b s'g} d[t lstfasf] gfd
xf]Og . j]b Tof] k/dfTdfsf] k/d 1fgsf] gfd xf] h;sf ;dIf JolQm k"0f{ z"Go eP/ pleG5 .
>Ls[i0f ha j]bsf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 pxfF Pp6f wd{sf] efiffdf af]Ng'x'Gg, pxfF t k/d1fgsf af/]df
eGg'x'G5 . Tof] k/d 1fg hf] bk{0f ag]sf JolQmx¿df k|ltljlDat x'G5 o:tf] j]bnfO{ hfGg]jfnf Tof]
k/dkb cIf/nfO{ cf]Íf/ -ç_ gfdn] ;Daf]wg u5{g\ . cIf/ slxNo} gi6 Pjd\ IfL0f x'Fb}g / 5l/F+b}g .
xfdL ;a} j0f{dfnfnfO{ cIf/ eG5f}+“ t/ TfL ;a} 5l/G5g\ / gi6 x'G5g\ . To;}n] ltgLx¿nfO{ cIf/
eGg' l7s xf]Og . olb d}n] af]lngF eg] oL cIf/ hlGdFb}gg\ / d r'k nfu]F eg] oL cIf/ x/fpF5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] k/dkbnfO{ hfGg]jfnf hf] xf] p;nfO{ cIf/ eG5g\ / Tof] cIf/ cf]Íf/
-ç_ xf] . ç o:tf] cIf/ xf] hf] xfdL af]n]gf}+“ eg] klg af]lnG5 . c¿ ;a} cIf/ xfdLn] af]Nbf dfq
/xG5 / gaf]Nbf x/fpF5 t/ Ps cIf/ o:tf] klg 5 hf] xfdL af]Nbf af]ln+Fb}g / ;'lgFb}g . ha xfdL
df}g x'G5f“+} / leq s'g} zAb /x“b}g, ta Pp6f Wjlgsf] gfb ;'? x'G5 . Tof] gfbsf] gfdnfO{ hfGg]jfnf
j]bsf] 1ftfn] cIf/ eg]sf 5g\ . Tof] gfbsf] k|tLs cf]Íf/ -ç_ xf] . ha sf]xL df}g x'G5 ta p;leq
klg k/dWjlg u'~hG5 . Tof] Wjlg xfdLn] agfPsf xf]Ogf}+“ . Tof] Wjlg xfd|f] cl:tTj xf] . To;}n]
cl:tTj g} To;df Wjlgt x'G5 . xfdL gx'Fbf klg Tof] Wjlg lyof] / xfdL k'gM gx'Fbf klg Tof] Wjlgt
eO/xG5 . xfdL ToxL Wjlgsf] Pp6f ;3g ¿k xf}+“ / Tof] Wjlgsf] gfd cf]Íf/ -ç_ xf] . ç s'g} zAb
xf]Og / o;sf] s'g} cy{ klg 5}g≤ of] cl:tTjaf]ws dfq xf] . To;}n] ç nfO{ n]Vg] 9Ë lrqaf6 dfq
x'GYof] . o;nfO{ cfs[lt lbg'sf] cy{ of] c¿eGbf leGg eP/ xf] . j:t'tM pxL cIf/ xf] / c¿
cIf/x¿ p;sf g} k}bfjf/ x'g\ . c–p–d\ ç sf tLg pTklQ x'g\ / xfd|f ;f/f j0ff{If/ ltg} tLg c–
pm–d\sf lj:tfl/t ¿k x'g\ . k"jL{o dgLifLn] ;TonfO{ Ps hfg]sf 5g\ / ha ;To ;+;f/ aG5, ta
Tof] tLg x'G5 / tLgaf6 cg]s x'G5 .
cf;lQm/lxt dxfTdfhg o;df k|j]z ub{5g\ . of] ç cIf/df e[s'6Lsf] dWodf ha efj
l:y/ x'G5, ta Tof] l:y/tfdf çsf/sf] gfb ;''? x'G5 . of] gfb;Fu} JolQm ;+;f/af6 kf/ eP/
df]Ifdf k|j]z u5{ . Tof] gfb jfxg xf] / e[s'6Lsf] dWodf k'Ug]lalQs} of] gfb 3g3f]/ eP/ uxg
x'G5 . To; If0fdf JolQm z/L/ g/x]/ Wjlgsf] ;ª\u|x dfq /xG5 / cf;lQm/lxt 1fgLhg h;nfO{

nf]suLtf– 332
 cWofo–*
ç eG5g\ To;df k|j]z u5{g\ . cf;lQm/lxt eGgfn] df]Ifsf] klg cf;lQm gePsf dxfTdfhg x'g\
lsgeg] kfpg] OR5f g} ;+;f/ xf] . cf;lQm/lxt t/ oTgzLn eg] x'g'kb{5 . cf;lQm geP/ cfgGbsf
nflu k|of; ug{' oTgzLn x'g' xf] . oTg cfgGb ag]kl5 dfq hf/L x'G5 . cf;lQm g/fvL oTg hf/L
/fVg] dxfTdfhg çsf/sf] cIf/Wjlgdf k|j]z ub{5g\ . k/dkb rfxg]jfnf a|Xdro{sf] cfr/0f
ub{5g\ . a|Xdro{sf] cy{ k|e'sf] h:tf] rof{ xf] . h;nfO{ k|e' kfpg' 5, p;nfO{ kfpg' cl3 g} k|e'
h:t} rof{ ug{'k5{ cGoyf xfdLdf To;sf] kfqtf x'Fb}g . h'g lbg rof{ k|e' h:t} x'G5, To;} lbg
k|e';Fu ldng x'G5 .
;j{åf/fl0f ;+oDo dgf] Ålb lg?Wo r .
d"WGof{wfofTdgM k|f0fdfl:ytf] of]uwf/0ffd\ ..!@..
OlG›osf ;Dk"0f{ åf/x¿ aGb u/]/ dgnfO{ Åbodf / k|f0fjfo'nfO{ lz/df l:y/ /fv]/
of]uwf/0ffdf l:yt x'g'kb{5 . To:tf] ;fws cljrlnt lbJo ;dflwdf :yflkt x'g ;S5 ..
cf]ldTo]sfIf/+ a|Xd Jofx/Gdfdg':d/g\ .
oM k|oflt TohGb]x+ ; oflt k/df+ ultd\ ..!#..
h;n] cf]Íf/ -ç_ ¿kL a|Xdsf] pRrf/0f ub}{ o;sf] cy{:j¿k …d]/f]Ú lrGtg u/]/ z/L/ Tofu
ub{5 To;n] k/dkbdf k|fKt ub{5 ..
cgGor]tfM ;tt+ of] df+ :d/lt lgTozM .
t:ofx+ ;'neM kfy{ lgToo'Qm:o of]lugM ..!$..
x] kfy{ Û h'g k'?if …dÚdf cgGo lrQn] ;b}j l:yt eP/ dnfO{ g} eHb5, Tof] lg/Gt/ ddf
tNnLg /xg] of]uLsf nflu …dÚ clt ;'ne 5' ..
JolQmsf] r]tgf OlG›ox¿sf] dfu{ eP/ aflx/lt/ / OlG›ox¿sf] åf/nfO{ aGb u/]/ leqsf]
ofqf klg ug{ ;S5 . OlG›ox¿ r]tgfsf nflu åf/ x'g\ / of] åf/ b'j}lt/ v'N5 . Pp6} åf/n] aflx/
klg n}hfg ;S5 / leq klg Nofpg ;S5 . xfdL hLjgel/ aflx/sf] ofqf ubf{ ub}{ oxL åf/af6
leqsf] ofqf klg x'g ;S5 eGg] s'/f k"/} e'n]sf 5f“}+ . dfu{ cnu geP/ s]jn rNg] lbzf dfq cnu
x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ;a} OlG›osf åf/nfO{ aGb u/]/ OlG›onfO{ ;+oddf /fv . h;n]
efj Pjd\ dgnfO{ Åbodf s]lGb|t u/]/ k|f0fnfO{ dl:tisdf l:yt u5{ pm k/d ultnfO{ pknAw
x'G5 . ljifoaf6 hah{:tL OlG›onfO{ bdg u/]/ / OlGb|onfO{ ljifok|ltsf] cf;lQmaf6 6f9f /fv]/
OlGb|onfO{ cj?4 ug{ ;lsG5 . ljifoaf6 efUg ;lsG5 t/ j[lQx¿af6 efUg ;lsGg . s'g} lrh
;'Gb/ nfUbf dg cfslif{t eP/ r~rn x'G5 .
s[i0fn] OlG›onfO{ bdg jf lg/f]w u/]/ efUg eGg'ePsf] xf]Og . s[i0f :jod\ klg s]xL 5f]8]/
sxLF hfg'ePsf] 5}g . To;}n] pxfFsf] cfzo ljifoaf6 efUg' eGg] xf]Og . pxfF t ch{'gnfO{ o'4af6
klg gefUg eGg'x'G5 . aflx/sf] o'4 t ;fgf] 5 t/ leqsf] r]tgfsf] ljifo;Fu rln/x]sf] cGt/o'4
w]/} 7'nf] 5 . s[i0f o'4df pleP/ ¿kfGt/0f x'gsf nflu ch'{gnfO{ ;Nnfx lbg'x'G5 . ljifo;Fu efUg
;lsFb}g lsgeg] hxfF xfdL k'U5f“},+ ToxLF ljifo df}h'b x'G5 / hxfF ;+;f/ x'G5 ToxfF ljifo x'G5 .
s[i0fsf cg'';f/ j[lQx¿nfO{ lj;lh{t ug{' g} OlG›ox¿sf] ;+od xf] . olb j[lQ cj?4 eof] eg]
OlG›ox¿ :jtM lj;lh{t x'G5g\ . j[lQsf] åf/af6 r9]/ r]tgf OlG›oaf6 aflx/ lg:sG5 . To;}n]
j[lQsf] åf/ g} cj?4 eof] eg] r]tgf sxLF efUg ;Sb}g . OlG›ox¿sf] åf/ :jrflnt ePsfn] Tof]
ta;Dd v'Nnf x'G5, ha;Dd r]tgfn] leqaf6 wSsf lbO/xG5 / ha leqsf] r]tgfn] wSsf lb+Fb}g,
To;kl5 OlG›osf] åf/ cfkm“}+ aGb x'G5 . cfFvf ;"Id OlG›o xf] . ha;Dd r]tgf hfUg rfxG5,

nf]suLtf– 333
cWofo–*
ta;Dd cfFvfsf] k/]nf v'Nnf x'G5 / ha r]tgf lj>fd ug{ rfxG5, ta cfFvfsf] k/]nf aGb x'G5 .
h'g cfFvfsf ;DaGwdf x'G5 ToxL ;a} OlG›osf ;DaGwdf klg x'G5 . r]tgfn] wSsf glbFbf;Dd Tof]
åf/ aGb x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f ank"j{s OlG›onfO{ bdg ug]{ s'/f ug{'x'Gg lsgeg] hah{:tL bdg ubf{ OlG›o emg\
zlQmzfnL x'G5 . s[i0fsf] cfzo leqsf] j[lQnfO{ lj;h{g u/]/ s'g} ljifon] cfslif{t ubf{ klg Wofg
ljifodf g/fvL j[lQdf /fVg' eGg] xf] . xfdL af6fdf lxF8\bf b]lvPsf] ;'Gb/ cg'xf/df Wofg s]lG›t
geO{ r]tgfj[lQdf s]lGb|t eof] eg] OlG›osf] åf/ :jtM aGb x'G5 . Wofg leq hfFbf r]tgf klg leq
hfG5 lsgeg] hxfF Wofg aU5, ToxfF r]tgf klg aU5 . ha pmhf{ OlG›oaf6 lkmtf{ cfO{ jt{'n
agfpF5, ta JolQm cgGt u'0ff wgL / ;+oddf k|fKt x'G5 . ;+odsf] cy{ :jod\sf] pmhf{n] ag]sf]
jt{'n xf] . ha pmhf{ jt{'ndf 3'Dg yfN5, ta p;nfO{ aflx/ hfg] l:ylt g} x'Fb}g . ha jt{'n alnof]
x'G5, ta pmhf{ dfly p7\g yfN5 clg la:tf/} dlGb/sf] lzv/df k'luG5 . dlGb/sf] u'Dah pmhf{sf]
pb\udsf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf agfOPsf] xf] . s[i0fsf nflu pmhf{ :jod\df l:y/ x'g' g} ;+od xf] . ha
ljifon] cfslif{t u5{, ta ljifodf Wofg glbO{ :jod\sf] r]tgfdf Wofg lbOof] eg] To;} If0f aflx/
uO/x]sf] s'g} s'/f leq cfpg yfN5 / Pp6f cgf}7f] cg'ej x'G5≤ cfkm"leqaf6 aflx/ uPsf] zlQm
lkmtf{ ePsf] cg'ej x'G5 / lkmtf{ ePsf] pmhf{sf] ck"j{ ;fIffTsf/ x'G5 . of] ;+oddf pknAw eP/
efjnfO{ Åbodf l:y/ ug{ ;Sg]n] g} k|f0f dl:tisdf l:y/ ug{ ;S5 .
efjsf] cy{ ;+j]bgf (Feeling) xf] . ha sf]xL ;+oldt x'G5 ta cfk"mleqsf] cg'ej ug]{
IfdtfnfO{ Åbodf l:y/ ug{ ;S5 . xfd|f] z/L/leq k|To]s cg'e"ltsf nflu cnu–cnu s]G› / rqm
x'G5g\ . ha s'g} Ps rqmsf] pmhf{ csf]{ rqmdf k|j]z u5{, ta ljlIfKttfsf] cg'ej x'G5 .
sfdjf;gfsf] cfˆg} s]G› 5 t/ To;nfO{ ha xfdL sfdjf;gfsf] s]G›af6 x6fP/ dl:tisn] ;f]Rg
yfN5f}“, ta JolQm sfdjf;gfaf6 ljlIfKt x'g yfN5 . p;sf] sfds]G›sf] ;Defjgf dl:tisdf
s]lG›t x'g] ePsfn] o:tf] JolQm sfdsf] ljrf/ ubf{ Hofb} zlQmzfnL nfU5 t/ zlQm k|bz{g ug]{
a]nfdf zlQmxLg x'G5 . xfd|f ;f/f rqmx¿ Ps csf{df k|j]z u/]sf x'gfn] cndndf x'G5g\ .
Pp6fsf] sfd csf{n] / csf{sf] sfd s'g} csf{n] ug]{ x'Fbf oL rqmx¿n] Ps–csf{nfO{ ;'Gb}gg\ . xfdL
dl:tisaf6 efjgf ug]{ k|of; u5f}{+ hf] ;Dej x'Fb}g .
Åbon] ljrf/ ug{ ;Sb}g . hf] h'g rqmsf] sfd xf] ToxL rqmaf6 sfd ePdf JolQmTj
;Gt'lnt x'G5 . ha pmhf{ ;+oddf k|fKt x'G5, ta k|To]s rqmn] cfˆgf] sfd dfq u5{g\ . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– ha s'g} JolQm ;+oddf k|fKt x'G5 / efj Åbodf l:yt x'G5, To:tf] cj:yfdf dg
Åbodf / k|f0f dl:tisdf yfldP/ l:yt /xG5 . k|f0f pmhf{ Tof] xf] h;sf] ;xf/fdf xfdL afFR5f“}+ /
ha of] z/L/ 5'6\5 ta z/L/af6 s]jn k|f0f hfG5 cGo s]xL hfFb}g . olb Tof] k|f0fnfO{ dl:tisdf
:yflkt ug{ ;lsof] eg] k/dultdf k|fKt eOG5 . olb dl:tisdf :yflkt ug{ ;lsPg eg] k|f0f h'g
s]G›df :yflkt x'G5 JolQm ToxL ultdf k|fKt x'G5 . h;sf cufl8 s'g} ult x'Fb}g To;nfO{ >Ls[i0f
k/dult eGg'x'G5 . k/dult clGtd ult xf]≤ To;}n] df]If, a|≈Df pknlAw jf lgjf{0f g} k/dult xf] .
olb e[s'6Lsf] dWodf k|f0f l:yt /xg ;Sof] eg] k/dult k|fKt x'G5 . k|f0f h'g ultdf x'G5,
To;af6 dg'io s'g ultdf hfg]jfnf 5 eGg] yfxf x'G5 . k|To]s JolQmsf] k|f0f z/L/sf ljleGg
ljGb'x¿af6 aflx/ lgl:sG5 . h;sf] k|f0f Ef|"dWodf hDdf x'G5 p;sf] k|f0f ;x;|fwf/ rqmaf6 aflx/
lgl:sG5 . cf1frqmdf h;sf] k|f0f :yflkt x'G5 p;sf] k|f0f clGtd ;ftf}+ rqmnfO{ kmf]8]/ lgl:sG5 .
To;}n] k/d1fgLx¿sf] lz/sf] dflyNnf] efu k|foM km'6]sf] x'G5 / of] k/dultdf k|fKt ePsf] ;ª\s]t
xf] . of] k|f0f xfd|f] hLjg pmhf{ (Life Energy) xf] . olb e|"dWo;Dd k|f0f pmhf{ gk'uL cGo rqmaf6

nf]suLtf– 334
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k|f0f labf eof] eg] k'gh{Gd lng'k5{ / h'g rqmaf6 k|f0f 5'6\5 ;f]xL cg';f/sf] hLjg k|fKt x'G5 .
tNnf] rqmaf6 k|f0f 5'6\of] eg] xfd|f] hLjg tNnf] ultdf ;''? x'G5 eGg] ;ª\s]t xf] / To;f] x'Fbf xfdL
lgDg z/L/ / dg lnP/ hlGdg] 5f}+“ . w]/} JolQmx¿sf] k|f0f sfds]G›af6 klg 5'6\5 h;sf] cy{
To:tf] JolQm sfdjf;gfn] el/P/ k'gM gofF hGddf k|j]z u5{ eGg] xf] . l7s;Fu afFRg' dfq xf]Og
l7s;Fu dg{' klg snf xf] . hf] l7s;Fu afFR5g\ pgLx¿ g} l7s;Fu db{5g\ . To;}n] l7s;Fu afFRg'
l7s;Fu dg]{ snfsf] k|fylds r/0f xf] . t;y{ >Ls[i0f l7s;Fu dg]{ snfsf af/]df atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 .
Ef|"dWodf k|f0f c8\ofP/ Wofg ljlwsf] pkof]u ub}{ a|Xdsf] pRrf/0fsf ;fy k/dfTdfnfO{ lrGtg ub}{
h;n] z/L/ TofU5 To;nfO{ k/dult k|fKt x'G5 .
ç cIf/ jf a|Xdsf] pRrf/0f ug]{ k|;Ëdf klg e|d l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . xfdL ç sf] pRrf/0f
ug{ ;S5f}+“ / h'g pRrf/0f r]i6fn] x'G5 Tof] Åbo;Dd k'Ub}g lsgeg] r]i6f s07eGbf tn plqFb}g .
cf]7af6 k}bf x'g] cf]7;Dd / s07af6 k}bf x'g] s07;Dd dfq /xG5 . To;}n] o;k|sf/sf]
pRrf/0fnfO{ cfxtgfb elgG5 . cfxtgfb b'O{ s'/fsf] larsf] ;ª\3if{af6 pTkGg x'G5 . cf]7 cf]7;Fu
le8\bf cfjfh pTkGg x'G5 . lha|f] tfn';Fu 3if{0f x'Fbf pRrf/0f pTkGg x'G5 . of] cfxtgfb xf] h'g
b'O{ s'/fsf] 3if{0faf6 k}bf x'G5, ToxL Wjlg xf] . >Ls[i0f cgfxt gfbsf af/]df eGg'x'G5– h'g ljgf
s'g} 3if{0f k}bf ePsf] gfb xf] t/ xfdL o:tf] gfbnfO{ hfGb}gf}+ . o; hut\df hlt klg gfb 5g\ tL
cfxt gfb x'g\ t/ csf]{ Pp6f gfb klg 5 Tof] cgfxt gfb xf] . Tof] cgfxt gfb ç xf] . Tof] ta
k}bf x'G5, ha leq ;a} ;ª\3if{ aGb x'G5 . ha;Dd leq ;ª\3if{ x'G5, ta;Dd Tof] cfxtgfb g}
x'G5 . jf:tjdf ç cfkm“}+ pRrfl/t x'G5 . xfd|f] k|f0faf6 Tof] gfb u'l~hg yfN5 / xfdL To;sf
;fIfL dfq x'G5f}+“ . of] Wjlg s;};Fu klg 3if{0f jf ;ª\3if{ gu/L k}bf x'g] x'Fbf o;nfO{ cgfxt gfb
elgPsf] xf] . of] cl:tTjsf] Wjlg xf] . leqsf] u'~hg ç nfO{ cg]sf}+ JolQmx¿n] cg]s ¿kdf
;Dem]sf 5g\ . lxGb"x¿n] ç ¿kdf, lxa|', ox'bL, ;'kmL d';ndfgn] ToxL WjlgnfO{ …cfldgÚ eg]/
;Demgf u5{g\ . k[YjLdf clxn] b'O{ zAb ç / cfldg dfq 5g\ . cfwfn] cfldg / cfwfn] ç sf]
:d/0f ub{5g\ . oL b'j} leqsf] Wjlgsf k|ltWjlg x'g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] Wjlgsf] pRrf/0f ub}{ hf] k'?if d]/f] lrGtgdf /dfpFb} z/L/nfO{ TofU5
Tof] k/dultdf k|fKt x'G5 t/ xfdLx¿ t z/L/nfO{ olt hf]8;Fu ;dfT5f}+“ ls k|f0f hfcf];\ t/ xfdL
z/L/ 5f]8\g rfxFb}gf“}+ . xfdL ef]u ug{ klg ;Sb}gf“} / Tofu ug{ klg ;Sb}gf“} . ef]usf] ;dodf
aGbf]j:t ug{ olt Jo:t x'G5f}+“ ls ;do JotLt ePsf] klg yfxf x'Fb}g, cGTodf 5f]8\g klg
rfxFb}gf}+ . z/L/af6 s]xL klg kfOFb}g eGg] k|tLlt h;nfO{ x'G5 p;nfO{ tTf\If0f z/L/ 5f]8\g s'g}
sl7gfO x'Fb}g lsgeg] z/L/df ;dfTg of]Uo s]xL klg x'Fb}g . ultsf] cy{ kl/jt{g (Movement) xf]
/ k/dult cflv/L ult xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] k'?if …dÚ df cgGo lrQ eP/ dnfO{ ;b}j :d/0f
ub{5 / Tof] lg/Gt/ …dÚdf g} o'Qm ePsf] of]uLsf nflu …dÚ ;'ne 5' . olb xfdL clNemPsf 5f“}+ eg]
k/dfTdf b'n{e 5 / e|ddf 5}gf}+ eg] k/dfTdf clt ;'ne 5 . ;a} s'/f xfdLdf lge{/ x'G5 . pmhf{
lkmtf{ ePsf] ;+odL hf] Wofgdf pknAw eO{{ k|f0fnfO{ e|"–dWodf :yflkt u/]/ …d]/f]Ú :d/0f u5{ /
lg/Gt/ …dÚdf o'Qm 5 o:tf] of]uL k/dfTdfdf k|fKt x'G5 .
dfd'k]To k'gh{Gd b'MvfnodzfZjtd\ .
gfKg'jlGt dxfTdfgM ;+l;l4+ k/df+ utfM ..!%..
h'g dxfk'?ifx¿n] dnfO{ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ ltgLx¿ b'vk"0f{ of] gfzjfg\ hut\df slxNo} kms]{/
cfpFb}gg\ lsgeg] ltgLx¿n] k/dl;l4 k|fKt ul/;s]sf 5g\ ..

nf]suLtf– 335
cWofo–*
cfa|Xde'jgfNnf]sfM k'g/fjlt{gf]˜h{'g .
dfd'k]To t' sf}Gt]o k'gh{Gd g ljBt] ..!^..
x] s'GtLk'q ch{'g Û o; nf]sb]lv a|Xdnf]s;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ nf]sx¿sf] k'g/fudg x'G5, tL ;a}
hGd / d[To'sf] rqmdf kb{5g\ t/ hf] …dÚdf k|fKt eO;s]sf 5g\ ltgLx¿n] hGdg' / dg{' kb}{g ..
;x;|o'uko{Gtdxo{b\a|Xd0ff] ljb'M .
/flq+ o'u;x;|fGtf+ t]˜xf]/fqljbf] hgfM ..!&..
h'g dflg;x¿ Ps xhf/ o'u cjlwnfO{ a|XdfhLsf] Ps lbg / Tolt g} cyf{t\ Ps xhf/ o'usf]
;donfO{ pxfFsf] Ps /flq x'G5 eg]/ hfGb5g\, lgZro g} ltgLx¿ a|Xdfsf] lbg / /ftnfO{ cyf{t\
sfnsf] tŒjnfO{ hfGb5g\ ..
klZrdsf dgLifLx¿eGbf k"j{sf dgLifLx¿n] b'vsf leGg sf/0fx¿sf] lg¿k0f u/]sf 5g\ .
of] e]b wd{ / lj1fgsf sf/0fn] x'g ;S5 jf leqL cg'ejsf] b[li6sf] cGt/ klg x'g ;S5 .
klZrdn] ;bf b'vsf] sf/0f kl/l:yltnfO{ dfg]sf] 5 . olb xfdLn] kl/l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofof}+ eg] b'v
gi6 x'G5 eGg] pgLx¿sf] 7DofO 5 . aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt leqsf] r]tgfcg's"n gePsf] x'gfn] b'v
5 . To;}n] klZrdsf dgLifLx¿ b'O{ xhf/ jif{b]lv lj1fgsf] ;tt ;fwgfaf6 aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt
abNg] r]i6f ul//x]sf 5g\ . clxn] cfP/ pgLx¿df g;f]r]sf] s'/f x'g yfn]sf] 5 . kl/l:ylt
ablnPkl5 emg\ 7'nf] b'v dfgjdfly k5{ eGg] s'/f pgLx¿n] ;f]r]sf klg lyPgg\ . klZrdn]
;jf{lws ;d[l4, oGqsf}zn, j}1flgs k|ult / aflx/sf] l:yltnfO{ dg'iosf] cg's"n ¿kfGt/0f ug{df
;kmntf kfPsf] 5, h'g ;kmntf s'g} klg ;dfhn] k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] lyPg . t/ cfh Tof]
;kmntfsf] lzv/df /x]sf klZrdL d'n'sx¿ b'vsf] dxfg\ ut{df 8'a]sf 5g\ . o:tf] b'v bLgxLg,
ul/ax¿nfO{ k/]sf] klg kfOFb}g . To;}n] klZrdsf] ts{ g/fd|f];Fu k/flht ePsf] 5 . k"jL{o
dgLifLx¿sf] wf/0ff a]Un} 5 . pgLx¿sf] ;f]r s] 5 eg] kl/l:yltdf xf]Og dgl:ylt cyf{t\
OlGb|o;Fu PsfTdtf x'gfn] dfgj r]tgfdf g} b'v 5 . To;}n] o;df kl/jt{g Nofpg ;lsof] eg]
b'vaf6 5'6sf/f kfpg ;lsG5, cGoyf b'v k}bf ug]{ r]tgfn] hlt;'s} u/] klg k'gM b'vnfO{ g}
cfTd;ft\ ug{ k'U5 / x/]s l:yltdf b'v k}bf eO/xG5 .
o;} ;Gbe{df >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– k/d l;l4 u/]sf dxfTdfhgx¿ dnfO{ k|fKt u/]/
b'vsf] ;fu/¿k k'gh{Gdaf6 d'Qm x'G5g\ cyf{t\ pgLx¿n] b'vn] n]kg ul/Psf] If0feª\u'/ hLjg k|fKt
ug{'kb}{g . b'vsf] 3/ k'gh{Gd xf] / k'gh{Gdsf] k|f/De hLjgsf] cfsfª\Iff cyf{t\ afFRg] cfsfª\Iff
lhhLljiff (Lust for Life) xf] . Pp6f jf;gf k"/f x'g gkfpFb} cGo bz jf;gfsf] hGd x'G5 . s'g}
klg jf;gf k"/f ug{sf nflu k"/f hLjg Pjd\ ;do rflxG5 cGoyf k"/f x'Fb}g . To;}n] jf;gfsf
nflu eljio rflxG5 . sltko jf;gf k"/f ug{sf nflu xfdLnfO{ Ps hLjg kof{Kt geP/ bzf“}+
hLjg rflxg ;S5 / cGTodf xfdL jf;gf k"/f ug]{ k|of; c;kmn ePsf] kfpF5f}+“ . t/ o:tf] x'Fbf x'Fb}
klg d[To'sf] If0fdf xfdL jf;gf k}bf ug{ 5f8\b}gf}+“ . hGdsf] ;dodf eGbf d[To'sf] ;dodf jf;gf
c¿ a9L x'G5 lsgeg] Pp6f jf;gf klg k"/f x'Fb}g . To;}n] c¿ hGdx¿sf] cfsfª\Iff k}bf x'G5 .
jf;gf k"lt{ ug{sf nflu yk hLjg rflxG5, To;}n] k'gh{Gd x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k'gh{Gd g}
b'vsf] 3/ xf] . jf;gf k"/f ug]{ ;dosf] dfu / hLjgsf] cfsfª\Iffsf sf/0f k'gh{Gd x'G5 . To;}n]
k'gh{Gdsf] sf/0f jf;gf / t[i0ff xf] . jf;gf geP ef]lnsf] s'g} cfjZostf x'Fb}g .
Psk6s lh;;nfO{ s;}n] ;f]w]– xh'/sf] k|e'sf] /fHodf s] x'G5 < pxfFn] eGg'eof]– ToxfF
;do x'Fb}g (There shall be time no longer) . ;do x'Fb}g eGg'sf] cfzo ToxfF s'g} klg jf;gf

nf]suLtf– 336
 cWofo–*
x'Fb}g h;sf nflu ;do rflxG5 eGg] xf] . ;do gePdf k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g . ToxfF ef]ln x'Fb}g s]jn cfh
dfq x'G5 . cem eg"F eg] clxn] dfq x'G5 t/ of] If0f cgGt x'G5 . dxfjL/nfO{ s'g} lzion] ;f]W5g\–
ha ;dflw k|fKt x'G5, ta xfdLaf6 s] ;dfKt x'G5 < pxfFsf] hjfkm lyof] …;doÚ . h;leq ;dflw
kmlnt x'G5 To; JolQmdf jf;gfsf] bf}8 /xFb}g / bf}8sf nflu rflxg] ;do klg grflxg] x'G5 .
hxfF h'g kl/l:yltdf ;dflw 3l6t eP klg ;dflw ;doftLt x'G5 . of] ;dflw:y JolQmx¿sf]
cg'ej xf] .
k'gh{Gd xfd|f] dfu xf] lsgeg] xfdLdf w]/} dfux¿ cw'/f /x]sf 5g\, h;nfO{ k"/f ug{' 5 .
a'4 eGg'x'G5– sfdgf slxNo} k"/f ug{ ;lsGg . sfdgf o:tf] efF8f] xf] h'g b'j}lt/ v'n]sf] 9'ª\u|f ]
h:tf] x'G5 . sfdgf k"/f ug]{ xfd|f] k|of; Joy{ x'g'sf] sf/0f oxL xf] . hlt /fv] klg Tof] efF8f]
slxNo} el/Gg ;a} r'lxP/ hfG5 . d[To'sf] If0fdf hf] jf;gf/lxt eP/ d5{ p;sf] k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g
lsgeg] p;sf dfu g} ;dfKt x'G5g\ . ;dosf] dfu aGb ePdf k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g . h;sf] jf;gf x'Fb}g,
p;sf nflu t ;do g} ;do x'G5 t/ jf;gf x'g] JolQmsf nflu ;do sd x'G5 . k/dfTdfsf]
lj:tf/ cgGt 5 / xfdL hlt dfU5f}+ Tolt g} ;do k|fKt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f k'gh{Gddf b'v x'G5
eGg'x'G5 . b'v o;sf/0f 5 ls xfdL h] kfpg rfxG5f}+“, Tof] kfOFb}g t/ kl/>d k"/f x'g] ePsf]n] b'v
dfq k|fKt x'G5 . b'vsf] Pp6} cy{ xf] h] d kfpg rfxGy]F, Tof] kfOg“ / h] d kfpg rfxGgy]F, Tof]
kfPF . a'4 eGg'x'G5– b'vsf] cy{ h'g lrh xfdL vf]H5f},+“ Tof] kfpg ;s]gf}+“ / h;nfO{ arfpg vf]H5f“},+
Tof] klg ;Dej ePg . h;sf nflu oqf] k|of; u/]sf lyof}+ Tof] klg k|fKt ePg / h] xfdL;Fu ;b}j
5 eGg] 7fg]sf lyof}+ Tof] klg xfdLaf6 x/fof] .
d[To'df oxL b'v uxg x'G5 . b'v ax'cfofdL x'G5 . jf;gf k"/f x'Fb}g / jf;gf k'/f ug{ cem
;do rflxG5 . h] xfdL kfpg rfxG5f“},+ Tof] kfOFb}g / h] kfpg] OR5f u/]sf lyPgf“},+ Tof]rflxF
cgfjZos ¿kdf k|fKt x'G5 . csf]{ k|fKt x'Fbf klg leq zflGt, lj>fd, cfgGbsf] ;fgf] ls/0f klg
cª\s'l/t x'Fb}g / ;bf cfgGb ef]ln kfOg] 5 h:tf] nflUf/xG5 . cfh olt b'vk"0f{ 5 ls ef]lnsf]
cfzfdf g} xfdL To;nfO{ e'Ng ;S5f}+“ . x/]s hGddf xfdL csf]{ hGddf t ;'v kSs} kfOG5 eg]/
;f]R5f“} / hf] JolQm cfhnfO{ ef]lndf 6fln/x]sf] x'G5 pm k'gh{Gdsf] tof/L ub}{ x'G5 . csf]{ hGddf
xfdL ToxL k'g¿lQm dfq u5f}{+ . gofF hGdn] xfdLnfO{ lsg b'v lbG5 eGg] k|;Ëdf >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
hLjg If0feª\u'/ x'g' g} o;sf] d'Vo sf/0f xf] . o; hLjgdf xfdL h] kfpF5f“},+ Tof] s]xL If0f dfq
xftdf x'G5 . k"/f hLjg OG›wg'ifsf] vf]h xf] . o; hut\df ;a} s'/f gfzjfg\ 5 . xfdL ha s]xL
kfpg] k|of; u5f}{+, Tof] If0f;Dd Tof] ufoa eO;S5 . To;}n] b'v, ljiffb / c;kmntf dfq xft
nfU5 . k|ltkn dfgj z/L/ gbLh:t} alu/x]sf] 5 . hf] slxNo} aUb}g To;sf af/]df xfdLnfO{ yfxf
g} 5}g . If0feª\u'/tf cl:tTjsf] :jefj xf] / oxfF s]xL klg l:y/ 5}g . xfdL o;nfO{ :yfoL 3/
agfpg rfxG5f}+“≤ To;}n] of] b'vsf] 3/ aG5 . xfd|f] b'vsf] k|d'v sf/0f hf] l:y/ 5}g xfdL To;nfO{
g} l:y/ agfpg rfxG5f}+“ t/ h;n] If0fnfO{ If0f eg]/ hfGb5 p;leq ljk/Ltsf] cfsfª\Iff g/xg]
ePsfn] b'vsf] sf/0f g} ;dfKt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k/d l;l4 k|fKt u/]sf dxfTdfhgx¿ dnfO{ k|fKt u/]/ k'gh{Gddf pknAw
x'Fb}gg\ . h;n] k|e'nfO{ zfZjt, lgTo Pjd\ cljgfzL ¿kdf hfGb5, pm If0feª\u'/sf] sfdgf ub}{g .
dnfO{ k|fKt ugf{;fy tL dxfTdfhg If0feª\u'/ jf;gfsf] jf:tf ub}{gg\ . hxfF jf;gf x'Fb}g ToxfF
k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g . pxfF eGg'x'G5– a|Xdnf]sb]lvsf ;a} nf]sdf k'g/fj[lQjfnf dfq 5g\ . ;a} jf;gfx¿
k'g/fj[Q x'G5g\ . xfdL gofF jf;gf xf]Og, Pp6} jf;gfnfO{ xhf/f}+“ k6s bf]xf]¥ofO/x]sf x'G5f“}+ .
x/]sk6s s]xL kfOPg eG5f}+“ tyflk tTsfn bf]xf]¥ofpg yfN5f“}+ . sltk6s qmf]w u¥of}F / sltk6s

nf]suLtf– 337
cWofo–*
qmf]w u/]/ kZrfQfk u¥of“}+ t/ of] kZrfQfk eg] qmf]w k'gM cfpgdf afws aGb}g . xfdL qmf]w
af/Daf/ u5f}{+ lsgeg] jf;gfsf] :jefj g} k'g/fj[lQ xf] .
dxfjL/;dIf Ps hgf JolQm ;fwgf l;Sg cfpFbf pxfFn] …dÚ ltdLnfO{ ;fwgfdf ptfg{ eGbf
klxnf ltd|f] cl3Nnf] hGdsf] ;Demgfdf ptfg{ rfxG5' eGg''eof], sf/0f cl3Nnf] hGdsf jf;gfx¿
gb]vLsg ;fwgfdf plqg' Joy{ x'G5 . pxfF x/]s ;fwsnfO{ cl3Nnf] hGdsf s'/fx¿ b]vfpg'x'GYof] /
Tof] cl3Nnf] hGd x]bf{x]b}{ Tof] JolQm ¿kfGtl/t eP/ eGYof]– ca s]xL 5f]8\g'5}g lsgeg] ;a} d}n]
cg]s k6s ul/;s]sf] 5' / km]l/ klg ToxL dfu ub}{ 5' . t;y{ s}of}+“ k6s ToxL u/]/ klg ha d}n]
kfOgF eg] ca klg u/]/ kfpg ;lSbgF . To;}n] ca d]/f] Åbo vfnL ePsfn] ca d Wofgsf nflu
tTk/ 5' . dxfjL/n] x/]s ;fwsnfO{ klxn] k"j{hGdsf] :d/0f clg Wofgsf] Joj:yfnfO{ clgjfo{
ug{'ePsf] lyof] . o; ;+;f/df pxfFsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] b]g clx+;fsf] ;fy} k"j{hGdsf] :d/0f
(Remembering the past life) xf] . Psk6s cl3Nnf] hGdsf] :d/0f eof] eg] :jod\ g} ToxL uNtL
k'gM bf]xf]¥ofpg s;}n] klg rfxb}g .
;+;f/ Pp6f rqm xf] / of] slxn] dfly / slxn] tn 3'ld/xG5 . ToxL jf;gf, qmf]w, sfdgf
af/Daf/ rqmh:t} 3'ld/xG5g\ / ToxL j[lQ af/Daf/ bf]xf]l//xG5 . ;+;f/ zAbsf] cy{ g} rqm xf] .
o; ;+;f/df s]xL klg gofF 5}g lsgeg] o;sf] k"/f Joj:yf g} k'g?lQmdo 5 t/ x/]sk6s gofF
h:tf] nfU5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– a|Xdnf]sb]lv ;a} nf]sx¿df k'g?lQm dfq x'G5 . hxfF;Dd nf]s 5
ToxfF;Dd k'g/fj[lQ g} x'G5 . k'g/fj[lQ aGb x'g] :yfgnfO{ 1fgLx¿n] cnf]s eg]sf 5g\ . Tof]
cnf]sdf k|j]z ug{', k/dfTdfdf k|j]z ug{' xf] hxfF s'g} k'g/fj[lQ x'Fb}g . ToxfF ;a} s'/f gofF 5 eg]
oxfF ;a} k'/fgf 5g\ . of] lgbf]{if s'df/Lkgsf] k|tLlt cfgGb xf] / k'/fgf] k'g/fj[lQsf] k|tLlt b'v xf] .
k/Gt' x] s'GtLk'q Û dnfO{ k|fKt u/]kl5 k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g . k/dfTdfnfO{ kfPkl5 kfpgsf nflu s]xL
afFsL /xGg . x] ch{'g Û a|Xdfsf] Ps lbg xhf/ o'usf] cjlw xf] / Ps /flq klg xhf/ o'usf] cjlw
xf] eg]/ h'g k'?if tŒjk"j{s hfGb5g\ pgLx¿ sfnsf] tŒj klg hfGb5 / ToxL g} oyfy{df
hfGg]jfnf xf] . ;do sfnsf] /x:o cnu x'G5 . slxn]sfxLF lg›fsf] Ps emKsL cyf{t\ Ps ldg]6
klg k"/f gx'Fbf 5f]/f hlGdP/ o'jf eP/ ljjfxsf] hGtL hfFbf ah]sf] afhfsf] Wjlgn] lg›f 6'6\b5 .
Ps ldg]6df rfln; krf; jif{sf] lj:tf/ b]lvG5 . aflx/sf] Ps ldg]6 ;kgfsf nflu rfln; jif{
x'g ;S5 .
cfOG:6fOg eG5g\– ;+;f/df ;donufot ;a} s'/f ;fk]If 5 . cfd JolQmnfO{ a'emfpgsf
nflu cfOG:6fOg eG5g\– olb ltdL Pp6f tftf] r'Xnf]df a:of} eg] Ps If0f klg 306f“} h:tf] nfdf]
nfU5 / olb ltd|f w]/} lbgkl5 e]l6Psf cfkmGthgnfO{ ltdLn] e]6\of“} / p;sf] xft ;dft]/ a:of}
eg] 306f klg If0fe/ h:tf] nfU5 . ;dosf] k|tLlt lrQdf lge{/ x'G5 . lrQcg';f/ ;do nfdf] /
5f]6f] dx;'; x'G5 . h'g zlQmsf] xftdf ;[li6 / k|nolarsf] lgoGq0f 5, Tof] k/da|Xdsf nflu
;[li6 / k|no lbg / /fth:t} x'G5 . klZrddf O;fOotn] dg'io hGdnfO{ Ps hGdsf] dfg]sf] x'gfn]
Ps hGdd} OR5f cfsfª\Iff k"/f ug]{ bf}8 x'G5 . ToxfF lj1fgsf] ljsf; o;sf/0f g} ePsf] xf] .
k"j{df klZrdsf] t'ngfdf bf}8fbf}8 gx'g'sf] sf/0f k'gh{Gdsf] wf/0ffn] ubf{ xf] . oxfF xfdL;Fu jf;gf
k"/f ug]{ ;do o; hGddf k"/f geP csf]{ hGd klg pknAw 5 . To;}n] k"j{df ;dok|ltsf] ;hutf
k6Ss} 5}g t/ klZrd ;dok|lt k"/f ;r]t 5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– olb ltdLn] a|≈dfsf] lx;fan] ;f]Rof} eg] pxfFsf] Ps lbg / Ps
/ftdWo] laxfgdf ;[li6 x'G5, ;fFemdf cfwL x'G5, /ft x'Fbf cGtsf] sl/a x'G5 / laxfgLkv ;a}
;dfKt x'G5 ta k|no cfpF5 . of] rf}la; 306fsf] v]n xf] . ;f/f hut\sf] ;[li6 / k|no a|Xdfsf]

nf]suLtf– 338
 cWofo–*
Ps rqmsf] v]n xf] . To;}n] of] gofF xf]Og, ;[li6 / k|no t k'/fg} s'/f xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n]
;dosf] of] /x:onfO{ hfGb5, To:tf tŒjljb\ of]uLhg k/dultdf k|fKt x'G5g\ . ;dosf] /x:oaf/]
hfGg] r]tgfdf g} ;dosf] lj:tf/ jf ;ª\s'rg lge{/ x'G5 . a|Xdsf] r]tgfsf nflu oqf] lj/f6\
cfof]hg ;[li6 / k|no s]jn Ps lbg / /ft xf] . xfd|f] 38Lsf] Ps ldg]6sf] ;dodf s'g} cldjf jf
ls/f km6\ofª\u|fsf nflu k"/f hLjg j[Q x'G5 . ;dosf] oqf] lj:tf/ / ;ª\s'rgsf] rqmsf] leq x'g'
;+;f/ xf] / of] ;dorqmsf] aflx/ x'g' ;dembf/L / a'l4dQf xf] . hf] ;doaf6 kf/ x'G5 pm ;[li6–
k|no, hGd–d[To' / ;'v–b'vaf6 klg kf/ x'G5 . ;doaf6 kf/ x'g] JolQm nf]saf6 cnf]sdf k|fKt
x'G5, hxfFaf6 slxNo} lkmtf{ cfpg'kb}{g . s'g} k'g/fudg geO{ k/d hLjg, cgGt / cgflbdf k|j]z
x'G5 . sfnsf] of] /x:onfO{ hfGg' 5 eg] Wofgdf ult cfjZos x'G5 lsgeg] Wofg sfnsf] l7s
ljk/Lt x'G5 / Wofgdf hlt ult x'G5 plt g} ;doaf6 aflx/ eOG5 .
cJoQmfb\JoQmoM ;jf{M k|ejGTox/fud] .
/fœofud] k|nLoGt] tq}jfJoQm;~1s] ..!*..
a|Xdfsf] lbgdf cJoQmaf6 ;a} b[Zodfg hut\ / k|f0fL pTkGg x'G5g\ / a|Xdfsf /ftdf
cb[Zosf tL ;a} ef}lts hut\ a|Xdfsf] ;"Id z/L/df ljnLg x'G5g\ ..
e"tu|fdM ; Pjfo+ e"Tjf e"Tjf k|nLot] .
/fœofud]˜jzM kfy{ k|ejTox/fud] ..!(..
ha ha a|Xdfsf] lbgsf] z'ef/De x'G5 ta ta hLjx¿ af/Daf/ k|s6 x'G5g\ . a|Xdfsf] /ftsf]
cfudg;Fu} tL hLjfTdfx¿ lg/f>o eP/ ljnLg x'G5g\ ..
k/:t:dfQ' efjf]˜Gof]˜JoQmf]˜JoQmfT;gftgM .
oM ; ;j]{if' e"t]if' gZoT;' g ljgZolt ..@)..
of] cJoQmeGbf klg csf]{ cToGt >]i7 ;gftg cJoQm 5 hf] zfZjt / lbJo 5 . ;+;f/sf ;a}
j:t' jf k|f0fL gi6 x'bF f klg Tof] k/fzlQm jf O{Zj/ hf] 5 Tof] gfz x'bF }g ..
sfnsf] tŒj hfGg]n] g} cl:tTj s:tf] x'G5, s;/L hlGdG5 / s;/L nLg x'G5 eGg] s'/f
hfGg ;S5 . ;doleq h] klg k|s6 x'G5g\ tL ;a} ;kgf h:t} x'g\ . bk{0fdf cfˆgf] tl:a/ x]g{' klg
:jKg h:t} xf] lsgeg] ToxfF tl:a/ b]lvG5, :jod\ b]lvFb}g . To:t} k"l0f{dfsf] rG›df kf]v/Ldf x]bf{
klg lrq t b]lvG5 t/ rG›df ToxfF x'Fb}g . o;y{ ;dosf] leq klg k|ltkmng dfq x'G5 . ;dodf
b]lvg] s'/f :jKg h:tf] xf] / dfof eg]sf] klg ToxL xf] t/ ha;Dd xfdL bk{0fsf] aflx/ ePsf]
tl:a/af/] hfGb}gf}+“, ta;Dd ;dosf] leq b]lvPsf lrh dfof x'g\ eGg] af]w x'Fb}g . ;dosf] kf]v/Ldf
h] b]lvG5 Tof] dfof xf] / Tof] g} ;+;f/ xf] . xfdL ;doeGbf aflx/ s]xL b]Vg ;Sb}gf“}+ / ;dosf]
dfWodaf6 h] emlNsG5 ToxL dfq b]Vb5f“}+ . ;dosf] tŒjnfO{ a'‰g]n] of] hut\ Pp6f dfof, k|ltljDa
jf ;kgf xf] eGg] hfGb5 . hf] ;doaf6 d'Qm x'G5 tTf\If0f pm hut\af6 klg d'Qm x'G5 . o;nfO{
cem ;"Id ¿kdf eGg] xf] eg] ;do g} ;+;f/ xf] . xfdL ;a} sfdgfsf] cwLgdf sd jf a];L
;dosf ;Ldfleq x'G5f“}+ . hlt xfd|f] sfdgf Pjd\ jf;gf tLj| x'G5 Tolt g} ;doleq xfd|f] tLj| k|j]z
x'G5 / jf;gf hlt IfL0f x'G5 xfdL Tolt g} ;doeGbf aflx/ x'G5f}+“ . jf;gfaf6 kf/ x'g'k5{ eGg]
af]w ;dosf af/]df hfgsf/ JolQmdf dfq x'G5 .
h'g JolQm ;dodf geP/ If0fdf afFRg hfGb5, p;;Fu Ps If0feGbf Hofbf x'Fb}g / Ps If0f
;dfKt ePkl5 dfq bf];|f] If0f cfpF5 . olb sf]xL Ps If0f afFr]/ csf]{ If0fsf] OR5f, jf;gf gug]{ xf]
eg] o:tf] JolQm jf;gfaf6 kf/ x'G5 lsgeg] jf;gf o; If0fdf x'g ;Sb}g . o; If0fdf t s]jn

nf]suLtf– 339
cWofo–*
k|fy{gf dfq x'g ;S5 . To:t} of] If0fdf t[i0ff klg x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] t[i0ffsf] nflu Ps If0feGbf
w]/} ;do rflxG5 . olb ctLt / eljio ljgf oxL If0fdf dfq afFRg] xf] eg] ;do / jf;gf b'j}
;dfKt x'G5g\ . To;}n] 1fgL If0fdf afFRb5 / ha oxLF / clxn] afFRg yfN5 pm ;doeGbf aflx/
x'G5 . ;dosf] cflv/L 6'qmfnfO{ If0f elgG5 cyf{t\ Tof] ;dosf] k/df0f' xf] . To;}n] h'g dflg;
;dodf /f]lsG5 pm ;doeGbf aflx/ x'G5 . h:tf] k/df0f'df k|j]z ubf{ kbfy{sf] aflx/ x'G5 To:t}
hf] ;dosf] k/df0f'df /f]lsG5 pm ;doeGbf aflx/ x'G5 . lj1fgn] hut\df vf]h u/]/ k/df0f' k|fKt
u¥of] / To;af6 ckbfy{df jf cJoQmdf k|j]z u¥of] . o:t} wd{n] ;dosf] vf]h u/]/ ;dosf]
cflv/L 6'qmf If0f (Time atom) kfof] / ha If0fdf k|j]z u¥of] ta ;do x/fpg] ;To k|fKt u¥of] /
ToxL zfZjt / ;gftgnfO{ wd{n] hfGof] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] ;do¿lk sfn tŒjnfO{, If0fsf] åf/nfO{ / ;doeGbf aflx/ x'g]
snfnfO{ hfGb5 To;n] ;Dk"0f{ b[Zo k|f0fLhut\sf ;fy} a|Xdfsf] lbgsf] k|j]z sfndf cJoQmaf6
pTkGg x'g] / a|≈dfsf] /flqsfndf ToxL cJoQmdf g} nLg x'g] tŒjsf af/]df ;d]t hfGb5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– ;dosf] 1ftfn] hut\sf] pTklQ / no sxfFaf6 x'G5 eGg] ;Tosf af/]df klg /fd|/L
hfGb5 . a|fXdd'x"t{df g} of] hut\sf] k|f/De x'G5 . ;d:t b[Zo, k|f0fL, kbfy{ cflb a|Xdfsf]
k|j]zsfndf cyf{t\ a|Xdfsf] k|yd z'ed'x"t{ If0fdf k|f/De x'G5g\ / To; a]nf hut\ / hLjg ;'?
x'G5 . kbfy{ clee"t eP/ JoQm x'G5 / nLnf ;'? x'G5 . laxfg Tof] nLnf k|f/De x'G5, ;fFemdf Tof]
lzv/df k'U5 / /flqdf plqg ;'? eP/ ;a} s'/f a|≈ddf gi6 x'g ;'? x'G5 . laxfg ;''? x'g'cl3
clGtd If0f /flqdf ;a} s'/fx¿ gi6 x'g yfN5g\ clg h'g hut\ k|s6 ePsf] lyof] Tof] k'gM
ck|s6df nLg x'G5 . k'gM laxfg–;fFem–/flq nufotsf] j[Qfsf/ ¿kdf k|s6 x'g] / gi6 x'g] nLnfsf]
¿kdf a|Xdfsf] ;do rln/xG5 .
of] ;a} JoQm cJoQmaf6 (Unmanifested) pTkGg x'G5 . cJoQmsf] cy{ hf] k|s6 geP/
n's]sf] 5 To;af6 g} ;a} k|s6 x'G5 eGg] xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cJoQmaf6 JoQmsf] hGd x'G5 .
a|fXdd'x"t{ cyf{t\ a|Xdfsf] klxnf] If0fdf JoQmsf] hGd x'G5 . ha JoQm yfs]/ h/fhL0f{ Pjd\ j[4
x'G5, ta k'gM cJoQmdf nLg x'G5 . xfd|f zf:qx¿n] klg lg›f cw{–d[To' xf] eg]sf 5g\ . xfdL
lbge/ sfd u/]/ /ftdf cJoQmdf lj>fd u5f}{+ / laxfg k'gM tfhf eP/ JoQm x'G5f}+“ . o:t} a|Xdfsf]
;[li6 klg lbge/ sfd u/]/ yfS5 / /flqdf lj>fd ug{ ;'T5 clg d[To'df k'U5 / laxfg tfhf eP/
p7\5 . xfd|f] hLjgsf] ;fgf] rqm jf jt{'n rf}la; 306fsf] eP h:t} a|Xdfsf] ljzfn jt{'n klg
lg/Gt/ To;/L g} 3'ld/xG5 .
klZrddf ;dosf] wf/0ff Ps ;/n /]vfsf (Liniar) ¿kdf 5 t/ k"j{df xfdL ;donfO{ klg
j[Qfsf/ ¿kdf ;f]R5f}+“ . klZrd hf] Ps /]vfdf ;donfO{ dfG5 To;}nfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ Oltxf; n]vg
ub{5 . klZrdn] O;fsf] hGdnfO{ k|f/De ljGb' dfg]/ ;donfO{ To;}sf cfwf/df dfkg ug{ yfNof]
t/ xfdL;Fu o:tf] ;do dfkg 5}g . xfdLn] Oltxf; geP/ k'/f0f n]Vof}+“ . k'/f0fsf] cy{ Tof] hf] ;bf
lkmtf{ x'G5 eGg] xf] . /fd, s[i0f, a'4 h:tf dxfk'?if sf]xL g sf]xL JolQmsf ¿kdf wtL{df cjtl/t
eO/xG5g\ . lqmlZrogx¿ lh;; k|yd P]ltxfl;s k'?if x'g\ eGg] dfGb5g\ . pgLx¿ xfd|f k"jL{o
clåtLo dxfk'?ifx¿ /fd, s[i0f, a'4 cflbnfO{ P]ltxfl;s k'?if dfGb}gg\ . xfd|f k/dfTdf P]ltxfl;s
xf]Ogg\ kf}/fl0fs x'g\ / Oltxf;eGbf kf}/fl0fs x'g' w]/} dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . Oltxf; ;fdfGotM lat]sf
d[t 36gfx¿sf] n]vfhf]vf xf] / k'/f0f cGt/td ;Tosf] / k/dsf] n]vfhf]vf xf] .
cJoQmaf6 JoQmsf] hGd j[Qfsf/ ePdf dfq jfNdLls h:tf 1fgL, eljiosf 1ftf x'g
;Sg'x'G5 . pxfFn] /fd x'g'eGbf cl3 g} /fdsf] rl/q;lxtsf] /fdfo0f n]Vg'ePsf] lyof] . of] j[Qfsf/

nf]suLtf– 340
 cWofo–*
Joj:yfdf h] k|f/De x'G5 Tof] ;dfKt klg x'G5 . klZrdnfO{ s]jn l;h{gfsf] dfq hfgsf/L 5
k|nosf] s'g} hfgsf/L 5}g . O{Zj/n] hut\ agfof] t/ O{Zj/n] g} of] ;[li6nfO{ gi6 klg u5{ eg]/
klZrdfx¿ ;f]Rg klg ;Sb}gg\ . t/ lxGb"x¿n] hf] ;|i6f xf] pm g} ljgfzs klg xf] eGg] s'/f /fd|/L
a'em]sf 5g\ cyf{t\ pgLx¿ hGdkl5 d[To' cjZoDefjL x'G5 eGg] s'/fdf lglZrGt 5g\ . hGd–d[To',
pTklQ–ljgfz Pp6} l;Ssfsf b'O{ kf6f x'g\ lsgeg] ;"o{ laxfg pbfpF5 / pxL ;"o{ ;fFemdf
c:tfpF5 . h'g ;"o{ pbfpFbf laxfg k|sflzt x'G5 / ToxL ;"o{ c:tfpFbf cGwsf/ x'G5 lsgeg] pxL
;"o{n] b'j} sfd u5{ . To:t} a|Xdfsf] pbo If0fdf ;[li6 x'G5 / clGtd dx"t{df ljgfz x'G5 clg k'gM
j[Qfsf/ ¿kdf hGd–d[To'sf] k|lqmof cGtxLg ¿kdf rln/xG5 . j}1flgs / Hof]ltifsf gjLg vf]hsf
sf/0f hut\ l:y/ gePsf] tYo kQf nfUof] . hut\ a8f] tLj| ultdf km}ln/x]sf] 5 . /flt b]lvPsf
tf/f ef]lnkN6 pxL :yfgdf b]lvGgg\, 6f9f ;l/;s]sf x'G5g\ . klZrdf j}1flgsx¿ / Hof]ltifx¿;Fu
of] hut\ sxfF / slt;Dd km}ln/xG5 eGg] lh1f;f 5 . o;/L g} lg/Gt/ k}mnFb} hfg] xf] eg] cGtdf
lj:kmf]6 x'g}k5{ lsgeg] Pp6f ;LdfeGbf aflx/ uPkl5 s'g} klg s'/f cGttM k'm6\g} k5{ . Tof] km'6fO
jf lj:kmf]6nfO{ k|no elgG5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] cJoQmaf6 hlGdG5 / km}lnG5, Tof] a|Xdfsf] lbg xf] / ha cJoQmdf
v'lDrG5 Tof] a|Xdfsf] /ft xf] . cJoQmdf nLg x'g] k|lqmof k|no xf] . a|Xdfsf] /flqk|j]zsfndf
cJoQmdf ;a} no x'G5 . x] ch{'g Û of] k|f0fL;d'bfo pTkGg eP/ /fqLsf] k|j]z sfndf cJoQmdf no
x'G5g\ / lbgsf] k|j]zsfndf k'gM cJoQmaf6 pTkGg x'G5g\ . ;fdfGotM dflg; d[To'sf] If0fdf
jf;gfn] el/G5 / gofF hGddf ToxL jf;gf k"/f ug{ k'gM cfˆgf] bf}8 hf/L /fVb5 . o;} u/L k"/f
a|Xdf08sf] bf}8 klg hf/L /xG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hut\sf ;d:t k|f0fL jf;gfsf] jzdf
cfsfª\Iffaf6 k|]l/t eP/ k'gM hlGdG5g\ / k'gM ljno x'G5g\ . o;/L g} k'gM ;[li6 / k|no¿kL v]n
cJoQmeGbf klg clt k/;Dd rln/xG5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– t/ csf]{ ljnIf0f ;gftg cJoQm cyf{t\ k"0f{ a|Xd k/dfTdf ;a} k|f0fLx¿
gi6 x'Fbf klg slxNo} gi6 x'Fb}g . ch{'gsf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbFb} >Ls[i0f k'gM eGg'x'G5– of] t ;a} gi6
eO{{ g} /xG5, ltdL cufl8 /x]sf ;a} d5{g\ eGg] ;f]Rb5f} t/ pgLx¿ s}of}+ k6s dl/;s] / k'gM db}{
5g\, k'gM hGd lng] 5g\ / k'gM dg]{ 5g\ . dg{' / hlGdg' k|s[ltsf] lx:;f xf] . dfgjsf] s'/f 5f]8f“},+ of]
;f/f k|s[lt klg s}of}+“ k6s aGb} ljgi6 eO/x]sf] 5 . of] k|lqmof cgGt 5 . jf;gfn] l;h{gf u5{ /
jf;gfn] g} gi6 u5{ . t;y{ x] ch{'g Û ltdL o;sf] lrGtf gu/ . ltdL of] lrGtfnfO{ wd{sf] ¿kdf
g7fg . ltdLn] gdf/]df logLx¿ afFRg] 5g\ eGg] g;f]r . ltdL s]jn lgldQ dfq xf}, d[To' t
cjZoDefjL 5≤ To;}n] ltdL cfkm"nfO{ stf{ gdfg . logLx¿sf] d[To' logLx¿sf] hGdsf] ;dodf g}
n]lvPsf] 5 . hf] hlGdG5 Tof] gd/L 5f8\b}g . dg'iox¿sf] dfq s'/f gu/f“},+ of] ;f/f ljZj
a|Xdf08df h] b]lvPsf] 5 Tof] ;a} aG5 / gi6 x'G5 . dfgj dfq xf]Og tf/fx¿ klg hlGdG5g\ /
gi6 x'G5g\ . o;y{ of] ;f/f cl:tTj aG5, km}nG5, v'lDrG5 / gi6 x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;nfO{
d}n] cJoQm eg]+,“ Tof] klg k"0f{ cJoQm xf]Og lsgeg] Tof] klg k|s6 t x'G5 . h:tf] ls aLh hf]
cJoQm 5 To;nfO{ hldgdf /f]k]kl5 j[If lgl:sG5 . Tof] aLh x'Fbf cJoQm lyof] / kfn'jf
lgl:sPkl5 JoQm eof] . Pp6f aLhdf s/f]8f“}+ aLh n's]sf x'G5g\ h'g Ps lbg k|s6 x'G5 . To;}n]
o;nfO{ k"0f{ cJoQm eGg ;lsGg . hf] JoQm x'g] 5 Tof] Hofbf cJoQm xf]Og .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] cJoQmeGbf k/ k"0f{ cJoQm a|Xd 5 . cJoQmeGbf klg 6f9f /x]sf]
;gftg cJoQm a|Xd 5 Tof] slxNo} JoQm ePsf] 5}g / x'g klg ;Sb}g . ToxL ;gftg cJoQm
k/dfTdf ;a} k|f0fLx¿ gi6 x'Fbf klg gi6 x'Fb}g . Tof] a|Xd h;sf] slxNo} l;h{gf ePsf] 5}g To;sf]

nf]suLtf– 341
cWofo–*
k|no klg x'g ;Sb}g . x] ch{'g Û ltdL olb cd[tsf af/]df hfGg rfxG5f} eg] ltdL p;sf af/]df
klg hfg hf] cJoQmeGbf klg 6f9f 5 . xfdLleq tLg kqx¿ 5g\ . klxnf] JoQm hf] xfd|f] z/L/ xf] .
bf];|f] cJoQm hf] xfd|f] dg xf] / t];|f] hf] cJoQmeGbf klg 6f9f 5 Tof] xfd|f] cfTdf xf] . dgdf h]
eP klg cfh geP ef]ln JoQm eOxfN5 . z/L/ t JoQm g} 5 / dgsf] cleJolQmaf6 z/L/¿kL
JoQm k}bf x'G5 . To;}n] ha xfdL d5f}{+, ta z/L/ t 5'6\5 t/ dg 5'6\b}g . dgnfO{ xfdL aLhsf]
¿kdf ;fydf g} n}hfG5f}+ / To;n] k'gM gjLg z/L/ agfpF5 . dg]{ JolQmsf] dgsf] hfgsf/L x'g] xf]
eg] p;sf] cl3Nnf] hGdsf af/]df klxn] g} eGg ;lsG5 . o; hut\df xfdL ;'Gb/, s'¿k, wdf{Tdf,
bfgL, sGh'; h:tf hlGdG5f}+ Tof] xfd|f] dgsf] aLhcg';f/ g} lgld{t ePsf x'G5f}+“ . xfdL c08sf]ifdf
klxnf]k6s k|j]z ubf{ cfdf / afa'sf] JoQm c0f' lnP/ k|j]z u5f}{+, To;kl5 dg la:tf/} k|j]z u5{ .
t/ of] JoQm z/L/ / cJoQm dgsf] kf/ cfTdf 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb ;fFRr} ljgfzsf]
;Defjgfaf6 kf/ x'g rfxG5f} eg] ltdL Tof] a|Xdsf] vf]h u/ hf] g slxNo} hlGdG5 g t slxNo}
d5{, hf] g slxNo} k|s6 x'G5 g ck|s6 x'G5, hf] g aG5 g gi6 x'G5≤ hf] s]jn 5 To;sf] ltdL
vf]hL u/ .
xfd|f] z/L/df cg]sf}+“ /x:o n's]sf 5g\ h;sf] xfdLnfO{ s'g} hfgsf/L 5}g . o;sf] vf]h of]u
/ tGqx¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] z/L/df s'08lngL zlQm n's]sf] 5 h;sf] hfgsf/L xfdLnfO{ 5}g t/
of] t JoQmsf] g} lx:;f xf] . o:t} z/L/df u'Kt ¿kdf cb\e't zlQmx¿ x'G5g\ . lj/f6\sf] vf]hLdf
hfg] JolQmx¿nfO{ oL u'Kt zlQmx¿sf af/]df hfGbf ;xof]u k'Ug ;S5 . To:t} dgsf klg cgGt
zlQmx¿ 5g\ h;sf af/]df xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g . xfd|f] dg cgGt hGdsf] :d[lt lnP/ cfPsf] x'G5 /
Tof] dgdf u9]sf] :d[ltnfO{ vf]Hg ;lsG5 . cl3Nnf hGdsf ;a} s'/fx¿ dgdf x]g{ ;lsG5 . k/d
cJoQmdf ;a} Ps x'G5, cw{ cJoQmdf slxn]sfxLF Pstfsf] emns k|fKt x'G5 / JoQmdf ;a} cnu
x'G5g\ .
cJoQmf]˜If/ OTo'Qm:tdfx'M k/df+ ultd\ .
o+ k|fKo g lgjt{Gt] t4fd k/d+ dd ..@!..
Tof] k/fzlQm h;nfO{ cJoQm / cIf/ elgPsf] 5 To;}nfO{ k/dult klg elgG5 . Tof] ;a}sf]
uGtJo hxfF k'u]kl5 slxNo} kms]{/ cfpg'kb}{g Tof] g} d]/f] lbJowfd xf] ..
k'?ifM ; k/M kfy{ eSTof nEo:TjgGoof .
o:ofGtM :yflg e"tflg o]g ;j{ldb+ ttd\ ..@@..
x] kfy{ Û Tof] k/dk'?if h;nfO{ cgGo elQmåf/f dfq k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5, pxfFsf Åboleq g}
;Dk"0f{ ef}lts hut\ Pjd\ k|f0fLx¿ cjl:yt 5g\ h;af6 ;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/ JofKt / kl/k"0f{ 5 ..
ult ;+;f/sf] :jefj xf] / g/f]sLsg rln/xg] o;sf] :j¿k xf] . of] lg/Gt/ ultzLn x'G5 .
oxfF sf]xL klg l:y/ 5}gg\ . h;nfO{ xfdL l:y/ 7fG5f}+“, Tof] klg rln/x]sf] 5 . 9'Ëf, 3/sf] kvf{n
klg /f]lsPsf] cyf{t\ l:y/ h:tf] nfU5 t/ ca t lj1fgn] g} 9'Ëf klg rnfodfg x'G5 eg]/ dfg]sf]
5 lsgeg] ToxfF klg ljB't\ x'G5 hf] rnfodfg 5 . ult ax'cfoflds 5 . kvf{n 7f]; / crn
h:tf] nfU5 t/ j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– kvf{nsf] c0f'c0f' rln/x]sf] 5, kvf{nsf ;a} k/df0f' ultdfg\
5g\ / k|To]s k/df0f'leqsf] ;"Id c0f' On]S6«f]g emg\ ultn] rln/x]sf] 5 . xfdLnfO{ kvf{n grn]sf]
h:tf] nfU5 lsgeg] xfd|f] cfFvfn] olt ;"Id ultnfO{ ;dfTg ;Sb}g . ult hlt tLj| x'G5 Tolt g}
cfFvfn] ;dfTg ;Sb}g . kª\vf t]hn] rNbf xfdLnfO{ To;df tLgj6f kftf ePsf] yfxf x'Fb}g . To:t}

nf]suLtf– 342
 cWofo–*
9'Ëfsf c0f'–c0f' klg cfsfzsf h"g tf/fx¿sf] ultdf g} rln/x]sf 5g\ . o; hut\df s]xL klg
l:y/ 5}g . hut\df x'gsf nflu rNg' g} lgod xf] .
of] ult ax'cfoflds 5 . h'g k[YjLdf xfdL a;]sf 5f“},+ Tof] Hofb} t]hn] bf}l8/x]sf] 5 . k[YjL
cfˆgf] s]G›df kfª\u|fem}+“ 3'ld/x]sf] 5 / 3'Dbf 3'Db} ;"o{sf] rSs/ klg nufO/x]sf] 5 . p;sf] ult
bf]xf]/f] 5 h'g ;"o{sf] kl/qmdf k[YjLn] ul//x]sf] 5 ToxL ;"o{ klg cfˆgf] lsnfdf c8]/ 3'ld/x]sf] 5 /
dxf;"o{sf] kl/e|d0f ul//x]sf] 5 . o:tf] ax'cfoflds ultleq ult 5 . kl/e|d0f kqkqdf ug{'
hLjgsf] :jefj xf] . o:tf] kl/e|d0fzLn hLjgdf zflGt c;Dej 5 / o:tf] bf}l8/x]sf] hut\df
lj>fd ;Dej g} 5}g . ha xfdL cf]5\ofgdf lj>fd u5f}{+ xfd|f] /ut k"/f ultn] rln/x]sf] x'G5 .
xfd|f] z/L/sf] s0f s0f ultdfg\ 5 / xfdL cf]5\ofgdf a:bf klg lj>fdsf] cj:yfdf x'Fb}gf}“ lsgeg]
o; hut\df /x]/ lj>fd x'g} ;Sb}g . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– cJoQm cIf/ Pjd\ Tof] cJoQm
gfdsf] k/d efjnfO{ k/d ult elgG5 . ltdL k/d ultdf k|fKt x'g rfxG5f} eg] lj>fd :jefjnfO{
kqmg'k5{ t/ of] hut\sf] s]G›df 3'Dbf sf]xL lj>fddf k'Ub}gg\ . olb sf]xL lj>flGtsf] vf]hdf hfg
rfxG5g\ eg] pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] r]tgfsf] w/ftn g} abNg'k5{ . kl/lwaf6 x6]/ s]G›df, ;+;f/af6 x6]/
a|Xddf cfˆgf] r]tgfnfO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug{'k5{ .
cIf/ gfdsf] cJoQm efj g} k/d ult xf] . cIf/sf] cy{ slxNo} gfz / IfL0f gx'g] cyf{t\
h:tfsf] To:t} /xg] eGg] xf] . cIf/df s0fe/ klg ¿kfGt/0f x'Fb}g . hf] cfˆgf] :jefjaf6 slxNo}
Ro't x'Fb}g Tof] cRo't xf] . Pp6f uf8Lsf] kfª\u|f rN5 t/ lsnf slxNo} rNb}g cyf{t\ crn x'G5 .
olb of] lsnf ePg eg] kfª\u|f cl8Fb}g lsgeg] kfª\u|fsf] cfwf/ g} lsnf xf] . crn lsnfsf] cf8df
kfª\u|f rN5 . of] /x:onfO{ hfGg' g} hLjgnfO{ a'‰g' xf] . To:t} ;+;f/sf] ult klg cJoQm lsnf jf
s]G›sf] cfwf/df dfq rNb5 cGoyf rNg} ;Sb}g . ckl/jt{gzLn s]G›sf cfwf/df dfq kl/jt{g
;Dej x'G5 . hxfF ;a} s'/f rnfodfg x'G5g\, ToxfF crn klg rflxG5 . >Ls[i0f Tof] lsnf -d"n
cfwf/ s]G›_ g} cIf/ xf] eGg'x'G5 . olb xfdL kl/lw cyf{t\ kfª\u|fsf] g} kl/e|d0f ul//Xof“}+ eg] Tof]
s]G› cyf{t\ cIf/ cJoQm;Dd slxNo} k'Ug ;lsFb}g . ToxfF k'Ugsf nflu kfª\u|fnfO{ 5f]8]/ lsnf cyf{t\
s]G›lt/ cln–cln u/]/ ;g{'k5{ . h'g lbg xfdL kfª\u|fnfO{ 5f]8\g] 5f}+“, To;} If0f xfdL cIf/ jf
s]G›df k'Ug] 5f“}+ .
;+;f/df hlt ofqf u/] klg xfdL Tof] s]G› vf]Hg ;Sb}gf“}+ . a›L, s]bf/, s}nfz, kz'kltgfy /
d'lQmgfy nufotsf tLy{:yn hxfF uP klg xfdL Tof] s]G› jf cIf/;Dd k'Ug ;Sb}gf“}+ . ;+;f/sf] s'g}
klg ofqf tLy{ofqf x'g ;Sb}g . hxfF k'Ugsf nflu v'§fsf] k|of]u ug{'k5{, Tof] k/dwfd x'g ;Sb}g .
z/L/nfO{ ;fwg agfP/ k'lug] 7fpF kl/lw dfq xf], s]G› xf]Og . hxfF k'Ugsf nflu aflx/ ult ug{'k5{
Tof] cGt/td xf]Og . Tof] cGt/tdsf] ofqfdf z/L/ / v'§f cfjZos x'Fb}g . To;sf nflu dgsf]
;xof]u ljgf leqsf] ofqf ug{'k5{ . 3'Dg] kfª\u|fnfO{ 5f]8]/ clncln u/]/ s]G›lt/ ;¥of] eg] Ps lbg
ToxfF k'U5f}F, hxfF kfª\u|f x'Fb}g s]jn s]G› cyf{t\ cIf/ dfq x'G5 . Tof] s]G› xfdL ;a}sf] leq x'G5 t/
xfdL kfª\u|f h:t} 3'ld/x]sf 5f“}+ . xfd|f] z/L/ klg s]G›sf] cfwf/df 3'ld/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] s]G›df xfd|f]
dgsf] kfª\u|f 3'ld/x]sf] 5 oyfy{df xfd|f] jf;gf, nf]e, qmf]w / sfdsf] kfª\u|f lg/Gt/ 3'ld/x]sf] 5 .
hf] cIf/sf] cfsfª\IfL 5 p;n] kfª\u|fnfO{ 5f8]/ s]G›tkm{ ;g}{ k5{ . ;a}eGbf ufx|f] xfdLnfO{
ljrf/sf] kfª\u|fn] lbG5 lsgeg] ljrf/ tLj| ultdf 3'ld/xG5 . xfdL z/L/nfO{ aflx/L kq /
ljrf/nfO{ leqsf] s]G› dfGb5f}+“, h'g unt xf] . ljrf/ klg s]G› xf]Og aflx/sf] g} Pp6f kq dfq
xf] . leqsf] s]G› t cIf/ xf] . ljrf/ kl/jt{gzLn x'gfn] j]ujfg\ ultdf kl/jlt{t eO/xG5 t/
:jefj ckl/jt{gzLn x'G5 . xfdL ljrf/leq k|j]z u/]sf 5}gf“}+ . hf] ljrf/leq k|j]z u/]/ lglj{rf/

nf]suLtf– 343
cWofo–*
x'g ;S5 pm dfq cIf/df k'Ug ;S5 . k|To]s JolQm h;n] Tof] s]G› jf lsnfnfO{ hfGb5, pm
k/dultdf k|fKt x'G5 . cIf/ cJoQmnfO{ kfpg' eg]sf] k/dultnfO{ kfpg' xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h'g ;gftg cJoQmnfO{ k|fKt u/]kl5 dfgj k5fl8 kms]{/ cfpFb}g, ToxL
d]/f] ;gftg k/dwfd xf] . r]tgfsf] Pp6f o:tf] l:ylt x'G5 hxfF k'u]kl5 sf]xL kms]{/ cfpFb}g . kfgL
ttfpFbf (( l8u|L tft]/ klg !)) l8u|L k'u]g eg] Tof] kfgL plDnFb}g / gpDnLsg kmls{G5 t/ !))
l8u|Ldf k'u]/ afkm aGof] eg] lkmtf{ x'Fb}g / cfsfzdf p8\5 . kfgL aufOlbFbf vfN8flt/ bf}l8G5 /
afkm cfsfzlt/ p8\5 . !)) l8u|Ldf kfgL afkm x'G5, p;df u'0ffTds kl/jt{g eP/ dflylt/
p8\g yfN5 / lj/f6\ cfsfzdf ljnLg x'G5 . dfgj r]tgfsf] klg o:t} l:ylt 5 . !)) l8u|Lsf]
ljGb'eGbf tn hltk6s cfˆgf] r]tgfnfO{ nu] klg tn eml//xG5 . xfdLdWo] s]xL JolQm ((
l8u|L;Dd k'u]/ klg kmls{Psf x'G5f}+“ . slj, lrqsf/, ;ËLtsf/sf s[ltnfO{ b]v]/ o:tf] cg'dfg
nufpg ;lsG5 . sfJo / wd{df klg ToxL km/s x'G5 . sfJo (( l8u|L;Dd k'Ug ;S5 / kmls{G5
t/ Tof] eGbf wd{ Ps l8u|L c¿ km8\sf] nufP/ kf/ x'G5 . To;}n] sfJo w]/} k6s wd{sf] lgs6 k'U5
/ wd{af6 w]/}k6s dxfsfJosf] hGd x'G5 . j]b, pklgifb\x¿ dxfsfJo x'g\ . To:t} uLtf klg
dxfsfJo xf] . s[i0fn] h'g :yfgaf6 uLtfsf] uLt ufpg'ePsf] 5 To;sf] gfd eujb\uLtf xf], h'g
eujfg\sf] uLt xf] . eujb\ r}tGosf] uLt hfg]kl5 ToxfFaf6 lkmtf{ x'Fb}g . hlt;'s} 7'nf] sljn]
sljtfnfO{ hGd lbP klg pm Clif x'Fb}g lsgeg] Clifn] t r]tgfsf] cg'ejsf] Tof] prfOaf6
uLtnfO{ hGd lbG5 hxfFaf6 lkmtf{ x'g'kb}{g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h'g ;gftg cJoQmnfO{ kfP/ dfgj lkmtf{ x'Fb}g, ToxL d]/f] k/dwfd xf] .
ToxL d]/f] lgjf; xf] afFsL t s]jn Pp6f c:yfoL wd{zfnf dfq xf] . k|To]s JolQmleq k/dfTdf
n's]sf] x'G5 / k|To]s JolQmsf] nIo k/dfTdfsf] k/dwfd k'Ug' xf] . Tof] k/dwfd ;gftg, cJoQm,
cgflbaf6 cgGt;Dd n's]sf] 5 . k/dwfd h;n] kfpF5 Tof] lkmtf{ x'Fb}g / ToxL p;sf] wfd x'G5 .
h;nfO{ k/dfTdfsf] vf]h ug{' 5 p;n] cfkm"leq n's]sf ;a} s'/fx¿ x6fpg'k5{ . cfˆgf] kbf{leqsf
;a} s'/fnfO{ tf]8\g'k5{, cfkm"leq s'g} klg s'/f cJoQm /fVg'x'Fb}g / cfˆgf ;a} åf/ v'Nnf /fVg'k5{ .
hf] cfkm"nfO{ k"0f{¿kdf cfsfzem}+“ v'Nnf /fV5 To:tf] JolQmdf :jod\ ;gftg cJoQm k/dfTdf k|s6
x'G5 . of] k|s6Ls/0f leGg k|sf/sf] k|s6Ls/0f xf] lsgeg] o;df xfdL :jod\ gfËf] eP/ vfnL x'G5f}+“
/ ha k"0f{ ¿kdf v'Nnf x'G5f}+“, ta crfgs Tof] k/dfTdf t cfkm}F ePsf] yfxf kfpF5f}+“ . clg h'g
cIf/sf] vf]h ub}{ lyPF Tof] t d]/f] leq kf] /x]5 eGg] af]w x'G5 . 1fgLhg eG5g\– h;nfO{ xfdL
vf]lh/x]sf 5f}+“, p;df g} xfdL ;jf/ 5f“}+ t/ xfdL olt tLj| ultdf rln/x]sf x'G5f}+“ ls h;nfO{
kfpg vf]Hb} 5f}+“ To;nfO{ xfdLn] kfPsf g} 5f“}+ eGg] yfxf x'Fb}g .
eQmn] eujfg\nfO{ aflx/ vf]h]/ slxNo} kfpg ;Sb}g lsgeg] eQmnfO{ eujfg\\ sxfF 5g\ eGg]
yfxf g} x'Fb}g . eQm ha cfkm"nfO{ vf]n]/ gUg agfpF5 / ha p;sf] r]tgfdf s'g} j:q geO{
jf;gf/lxt x'G5 ToxL ;do eujfg\\ ToxfF k|s6 x'G5 . eQm slxn] klg ofqf u/]/ eujfg\\sxfF k'Ug
;Sb}g t/ ha p;sf] r]tgf z'4 eP/ pm vfnL x'G5, ta k/dfTdf ToxLF pkl:yt ePsf] kfpF5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;gftg cJoQmnfO{ k|fKt ug{' g} d]/f] k/dwfd k|fKt ug{' xf] . of] k/dwfd /
a}s'07 xfdL ;a}sf] leq 5 . >Ls[i0fn] o;nfO{ k/dwfd eGg'ePsf] 5 lsgeg] of] c:yfoL wd{zfnf
xf]Og . o;df k'u]kl5 JolQm d'Qm x'G5 / p;sf] cufl8sf] ofqf ;dfKt x'G5 . k/dwfdsf] cy{ ca
cufl8sf] ofqf 5}g eGg] xf] . k/dwfddf w]/} ofqf u/]/ k'Ug ;lsGg w]/} ofqf u/]/ k'Ug] :yfg t
wfd xf] . k/dwfddf k'Ubf yfxf x'G5 ls oxfF t …dÚ ;b}j lyPF . k/dwfd Tof] wfd xf] hxfF xfdL
clxn] klg 5f}F t/ To;sf] xfdLnfO{ cfef; 5}g .
nf]suLtf– 344
 cWofo–*
x] kfy{ Û h'g k/dfTdf cGtu{t ;a} k|f0fL 5g\, h;af6 of] hut\ kl/k"0f{ 5 Tof] ;gftg,
cJoQm, k/dk'?if cgGo elQmaf6 k|fKt x'g of]Uo 5 . k/dfTdf cGtu{t ;a} k|f0fL 5g\ t/ k|f0fLx¿
cGtu{t k/dfTdf 5}g . kbfy{ cGtu{t k/dfTdf 5}g t/ k/dfTdf cGtu{t kbfy{ 5 . h;/L lj/f6\
cfsfz ;a} kbfy{nfO{ 3]/]/ a;]sf] 5 o:t} lj/f6\ k/dfTdf r}tGon] ;d:t cfsfznfO{ klg 3]/]sf]
5 . r]tgf o; hut\df ;jf{lws lj:tfl/t 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k/dfTdf cGtu{t ;a} k|f0fL 5g\ .
To;}n] s'g} eQmn] k/dfTdf k|fKt u¥of] eg] :jtM ;a} k|f0fLnfO{ kfpg] 5 . s;}n] kbfy{ k|fKt ug{
k|oTg u¥of] eg] p;n] k|oTgaf6 kbfy{ kfpg ;Sb}g lsgeg] ha;Dd kbfy{sf] dflnsnfO{ kfpg
;lsGg ta;Dd kbfy{ kfpg ;lsGg . xfd|f] hLjgsf] ;f/f kL8f klg oxL xf] .
wfld{s JolQm kbfy{nfO{ gdfuL kbfy{sf] dflnsnfO{ g} k|fKt ug]{ k|oTg u5{ . ha dflns
k|fKt x'G5, ta kbfy{ :jtM p;;Fu g} cfpF5 . wgL JolQm hLjge/ wgsf] ;+/If0f u/]/ cGtdf
p;n] sdfPsf] wg oxL+ 5f]8]/ hfG5 . t/ Pp6f wgnfO{ d[To'n] klg vf]:g ;Sb}g, Tof] wg k/dfTdf
xf] . h;n] k/dfTdf k|fKt u5{ p;n] ;a} wg kfpF5 . hf] c¿ kfpg vf]H5 p;n] s]xL kfpFb}g /
h;nfO{ kfpg ;SYof] p;nfO{ kfpg] cj;/af6 klg r'S5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h'g k/dfTdfaf6 of]
hut\ kl/k"0f{ 5 Tof] ;gftg, cJoQm k/dk'?if cgGt elQmaf6 k|fKt x'g of]Uo 5 . xfdLnfO{ t
k/dfTdfaf6 hut\ kl/k"0f{ h:tf] nfUb}g . xfdL k/dfTdfafx]s ;a} s'/f b]V5f}+“ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
k/dfTdf dfq 5 cGo s]xL 5}g .
o; ;+;f/df xfdL kbfy{ dfq b]V5f}+“, k/dfTdf b]Vb}gf“}+ lsgeg] hxfF kbfy{ ;dfKt x'G5 ToxfF
k/dfTdf k|f/De x'G5 . To;}n] kbfy{ b]Vg]n] k/dfTdf b]Vb}g / h;n] k/dfTdf b]Vb5 To;n] ;+;f/
b]Vb}g . To;}n] t cflb zÍ/frfo{ h:tf 1fgL eG5g\– k/dfTdf dfq 5 ;+;f/ 5}g . k/dfTdfsf]
vf]hL ug]{n] ha s'g} klg j:t' b]V5, ta p;sf] b[li6 j:t'df x'Fb}g . j:t'sf] leq n's]sf] hLjgdf
x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o; hut\sf ;Dk"0f{ s'/f k/dfTdfaf6 cf]tk|f]t 5g\ . k/dfTdf kl/k"0f{
¿kdf el/Psf] 5 t/ xfdL Tof] b]Vb}gf}+ lsgeg] xfd|f] b[li6 ;+;f/tkm{ 5 . of] b[li6 abNg] dfu{ /
k4lt of]u ;fwgf xf] . of] ;fwgf k4ltnfO{ cª\uLsf/ u/]df hut\df kbfy{ xf]Og k/dfTdf b]lvg
yfN5 / Pp6f If0f cfpF5, ha k/dfTdfsf cltl/Qm s]xL klg b]lvFb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] cJoQm, ;gftg k/dk'?if cgGo elQmn] k|fKt ug{ of]Uo 5 . hf]
k/d;Qf rf/}lt/ JofKt 5 Tof] cgGo elQmn] k|fKt x'G5 . cgGo elQm o:tf] elQm xf] hf] ;du|
¿kaf6 Pp6f lgi7fn] k/dfTdflt/ x'G5 / lgi7f clnslt klg vl08t x'Fb}g . ljeflht lgi7fn]
pm;Dd gk'uL ;+;f/lt/ cyf{t\ j:t'x¿lt/ n}hfG5 . To;}n] k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg' 5 eg] Ps lgi7f /
ceLK;f x'g'k5{ t/ dfgj w]/} lgi7fx¿df ljeflht x'G5 . xfdL ax'lrQjfg\ 5f}+“ / xfdLleq w]/}
ljeflht lrQ 5 . o;sf sf/0f xfdL w]/} s'/fx¿ kfpg rfxG5f}+“ . k/dfTdfnfO{ cgGo elQmn] dfq
kfpg ;lsG5 . cgGosf] cy{ PsLs[t eP/ xfdLn] h] x]/] klg pm dfq b]lvof];\ eGg] xf] . elQmsf]
cy{ k|]d xf] hf] cgGo elQmdf dfq x'g ;S5 . p;sf] wf/f Pp6f dfq x'G5 / k|]ddf afF8Lr'F8L xF'b}g .
cv08 k|]daf6 dfq of] ;Qf k|fKt x'g ;S5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cgGo elQmn] hLjgdf of] dfq
kfpg of]Uo 5, c¿ s]xL klg kfpg of]Uo 5}g .
klZrdf hLjgbz{gdf dfgj hLjg el/e/fp 5}g / vfnL 5 eGg] ljrf/ 5 . of] l/Qmtfsf
d"n sf/0f kl5Nnf] ;o jif{df klZrdL k|efjzfnL JolQmx¿n] k/dfTdfnfO{ h;/L c:jLsf/ u/]sf
5g\, To:tf] c:jLsf/ dfgj hLjgdf slxNo} klg ePsf] 5}g . hlt xfdL k/dfTdfnfO{ c:jLsf/
u5f}{+ Tolt g} xfdL vfnL x'G5f}+“ . Tof] vfnLkgnfO{ s;}n] klg eg{ ;Sb}g . hlt;'s} wg j}ej, ef}lts
;'v, pGgltn] klg To;nfO{ eg{ ;Sb}g lsgeg] Tof] k/dfTdfsf cltl/Qm s'g} klg s'/fn] el/g

nf]suLtf– 345
cWofo–*
;Sb}g . Tof] s]jn Psn] dfq el/G5 h;af6 pm klxn]b]lv g} el/Psf] 5 . To;nfO{ hfg]kl5 cGo
hfGg afFsL /xb}g / k"0f{kg pknAw x'G5, Tof] s]jn k/dfTdf dfq xf] / ToxL g} k/dfTdfsf]
k/dwfd xf] .
oq sfn] Tjgfj[lQdfj[lQ+ r}j of]lugM .
k|oftf oflGt t+ sfn+ jIofld e/tif{e ..@#..
x] e/t>]i7 Û h'g ;do jf dfu{af6 z/L/ Tofu]/ uPsf of]uLhg kl5 kms]{/ cfpg'k5{ jf
cfpg'kb}{g To; ;dosf af/]df d eGb5' ..
clUgHof]{lt/xM z'SnM if0df;f pQ/fo0fd\ .
tq k|oftf uR5lGt a|Xd a|Xdljbf] hgfM ..@$..
clUgb]jtfsf] k|efjdf, pHofnf] k|sfzdf, lbgsf] z'ed'x"t{df, z'Sn kIfdf / pQ/fo0fsf 5
dlxgfdf z/L/ TofUg] a|Xd1fgLx¿ ;DalGwt clwi7ft[ b]jtfsf ;fy a|Xddf g} k|fKt x'G5g\ cyf{t\
pgLx¿ hGdd[To'sf] rqmdf kg{'kb}{g ..
s'g} JolQm d/]t'No afFlr/xG5 / s;}sf] d[To'nfO{ klg hLjGt eGg ;lsG5 . hLjg klg
d[To't'No x'g ;S5 / d[To' klg hLjgt'No x'g ;S5 . h'g 9Ën] xfdL afFR5f}+“, To;nfO{ gfd dfqsf]
hLjg eGg ;lsG5 lsgeg] xfdLnfO{ hLjg / o;sf] /x:osf af/]df klg s]xL hfgsf/L 5}g .
To;}n] hLjgdf cfgGbsf] s'g} jiff{ g} x'Fb}g . xfdL lsg afFlr/x]sf 5f}+ eGg];Dd klg xfdLnfO{ yfxf
5}g / xfd|f] x'g' sl/a sl/a gx'g't'No g} 5 . h;nfO{ xfdL cfˆgf] z/L/ eG5f}+ To;nfO{ d[To'sf]
3f6eGbf a9L hfgsf/L klg x'Fb}g / xfdL hLjgdf la:tf/} d[To'tkm{ g} ofqf ul//x]sf x'G5f}+ . o;/L
g} xfdL k|To]s lbg cfˆgf] hLjg u'hf5f}{+ / d[To'sf] d'vdf k'U5f}+“ . xfd|f] hLjgsf] ;f/f ofqf ToxL+“
;dfKt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ Tof] If0f, dfu{ Pjd\ d[To'sf] snfsf af/]df pko'{Qm Znf]sdf atfpg'x'G5
h'g dfu{df rn]/ d[To'j/0f ug]{ JolQm db}{g / pm Tof] cd[tnfO{ k|fKt u5{ hxfF d[To' 3l6t g} x'Fb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û h'g sfndf z/L/ Tofu]/ uPsf of]uLhg kms]{/ gcfpg]jfnf ult /
kl5 kms]{/ cfpg]jfnf ultdf k|fKt x'G5g\ Tof] sfn / dfu{ d ltdLnfO{ eGb5' . If0f / sfnsf] klg
w]/} d"No 5 . s'g If0fdf JolQm d[To'df pknAw x'G5 To;n] w]/} s'/f lgwf{/0f u5{ . If0fsf] cy{
aflx/L 38Ln] atfpg] ;do xf]Og leq klg If0fsf] lx;fa ug]{ 38L x'G5 . aflx/L ;donfO{ gfKg]
38L aflx/L ;+;f/sf nflu pkof]uL 5 t/ To;sf] pkof]u leq x'g ;Sb}g . leqsf] dfkg ug]{ cs}{
Joj:yf 5 . h'g If0fdf JolQmsf] d[To' x'G5 Tof] leqL If0fsf cfwf/df To;sf] dxŒjk"0f{ cy{ x'G5 .
o; hut\df s]xL klg cfsl:ds x'Fb}g / d[To' klg w]/} sf/0faf6 ;'lglZrt x'G5 . k|To]s JolQmn]
cfˆgf] d[To'nfO{ hLjge/ u/]sf] s[Tosf] cfwf/df r'G5 . d[To'nfO{ b]v]/ JolQm s;/L hLjge/ afFRof]
eg]/ hfGg ;lsG5 . olb leqsf] ;do ljrf/, jf;gf / sfdgfn] el/Psf] 5 eg] JolQm d/]/
;+;f/df lkmtf{ x'G5 t/ olb leqsf] ;dodf s'g} ljrf/, sfdgf, t[i0ff, geO{{ z'4 If0f 5 eg] To;
If0fdf d/]sf] JolQm ;+;f/df kms]{/ cfpFb}g .
dxfjL/n] WofgnfO{ ;fdlos gfd lbg'eof] . of] cb\e't zAb ;doaf6 ag]sf] xf] . dxfjL/n]
eGg'ePsf] 5– Wofg d p;}nfO{ eG5' ha ltd|f] leqsf] ;do Psbd z'4 x'G5 . To;}n] pxfFn]
Wofgsf] ;§f ;fdlos zAbsf] pkof]u ug{'eof] . z'4 ;dodf /f]lsg ;Sg' Wofg xf] . xfd|f] leqsf]
;do ;bf jf;gfn] el/Psf] 5 . xfdL cfˆgf] jt{dfgsf] If0fnfO{ slxNo} klg hfGb}gf“}+ . xfd|f] leq
ctLtsf] :d[ltn] k5\ofPsf] x'Fbf jt{dfgsf] If0fnfO{ gi6 u5f}{+ / ckl/lrt x'G5f“}+ . xfd|f] eljiosf]
If0fn] jt{dfgsf] If0fnfO{ cfR5flbt u5{ . h] clxn] 5}g To;sf af/]df xfdL ;f]R5f}+“ / eljiodf s]

nf]suLtf– 346
 cWofo–*
kfpg' 5 eGg] ;kgfn] el/Psf] If0f leq kfpF5f“}+ . jt{dfg If0fnfO{ ctLtn] of eljion] 8'afpF5 .
b'j} xfntdf Tof] sfn jf If0f ufoa x'G5 / xfdL hLljt eP klg d/] h:t} x'G5f}+“ . xfdLn] hLjgdf
ctLt klg gePsf] / eljio klg gePsf] sfn jf If0f slxn] klg hfg]sf 5}gf“}+ . s]jn oxL /
clxn] ePsf] jt{dfg cj:yf klg xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g . oxfF / clxn]sf] If0fdf olb xfd|f] d[To' eof]
eg] lkmtf{ cfpg'kb}{g . h;sf] hLjg jf;gfn] el/Psf] ;doleq x'G5 p;nfO{ dg]{ a]nf TfL ;f/f
jf;gfx¿ Pslqt eP/ p;sf] lrQnfO{ 3]b{5g\ . dg]{ a]nfdf ;f/f ctLtx¿ eljiosf] ;kgf /
jf;gfx¿ Psq eP/ rf/}lt/af6 3]b{5g\ . d[To'sf] ;dodf xfdLleq cTolws le8 x'G5 . xfd|f]
:d[ltdf ctLtsf] cg'kft hlt g} eljiosf] cg'kft klg x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f h'g sfn jf If0fsf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 To; If0fdf ctLt / eljio x'Fb}g, s]jn z'4
jt{dfg dfq x'G5 . kl/k"0f{, lgbf]{if, lgaf]{w / lgef{/ If0fdf x'g] d[To'sf] cg'ej d[To'sf] xf]Og k/d
hLjgsf] x'G5 h'g df]If / d'lQm aG5 . d[To' xfdL ta;Dd eG5f}+“, ha;Dd kms]{/ cfpg] qmd hf/L
/xG5 . ha kms]{/ cfpg' gkg]{ l:ylt aG5, ta d[To' d'lQm aG5 . dg'io kms]{/ cfpg'kgf{sf] sf/0f
dg xf] / dg ctLt / eljiosf] hf]8 xf] . jt{dfgsf] If0f dgsf] lx:;f xf]Og . To;}n] hf] jt{dfgdf
x'G5 pm dgsf] aflx/ x'G5 . xfdL ;bf ;donfO{ tLg lx:;f ctLt, jt{dfg / eljiodf ljefhg
u5f}{“ . jt{dfg ;dosf] lx:;f xf]Og, ;do t s]jn ctLt / eljio dfq xf] . hxfF ctLt ;dfKt
x'G5 / eljio ;'? ePsf] x'Fb}g Tof] ;lGw/]vfdf jt{dfg x'G5 . jt{dfg cl:tTj xf] / ;dosf] lx:;f
xf]Og ;fy} Tof] dgsf] klg lx:;f xf]Og . jf:tjdf xfdL aflx/sf] hut\ h;nfO{ ;do eG5f}+ ToxL
leqsf] hut\ dg xf] . ;do / dg kof{o x'g\ / logLx¿df s'g} e]b 5}g . h;nfO{ ;doeGbf aflx/
hfg' 5 p;nfO{ dgsf] kf/ hfg}k5{ .
jt{dfg dgsf] lx:;f xf]Og . cl:tTj ;bf 5 / o;df s'g} ctLt / eljio klg 5}g .
h;sf] dg 5 pm dg'io xf] / olb dg'io ePg eg] ;do klg x'Fb}g / ;do dg'io;Fu hlGdPsf]
j:t' xf] . ctLt / eljio gePsf] leqL ;dodf ljrf/ klg xF'b}g lsgeg] ljrf/ ctLt / eljiosf]
x'G5 . ToxfF s'g} t[i0ff klg x'Fb}g lsgeg] t[i0ff ctLtaf6 hlGdG5 / eljiolt/ bf}l8G5 . ToxfF s'g}
jf;gf klg x'Fb}g / ToxfF s]jn cfkm" :jod\ dfq x'G5 . o:tf] If0fdf d[To' eof] eg] kmls{P/ cfpg'
kb}{g / ofqf ;lsG5 . d[To' k/d ldq eP/ d'lQm aG5 . o; cj:yfsf nflu sfn jf If0f clgjfo{
x'G5 / olb leq o:tf] sfn jf If0f ePg eg] d[To'kl5 gofF ofqf ;''? x'G5 / ctLtnfO{ ;dft]/
eljiosf] sfdgf ub}{ gofF hGd x'G5 . gofF ofqfdf cfpg' 5 eg] el/Psf] dg rflxG5 / lkmtf{ gx'g]
u/L ofqf ;dfKt ug{' 5 eg] l/Qm dg rflxG5 . >Ls[i0f To;}sf af/]df atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . olb
hLjgdf k|ltkn o:tf] dg gePdf crfgs 3l6t x'g] d[To'sf] ;dodf dgnfO{ l:y/ agfpg
;lsFb}g . To;}n] l7s;Fu gafFRg] JolQm l7s;Fu dg{ klg ;Sb}g . h;;Fu jt{dfgsf] If0fdf pleg]
Ifdtf x'G5 p;df ;a} 1fgsf] /x:osf] åf/ cfkm}+ v'N5 / c1fgsf] ;f/f afbn :jtM x6\5 .
>Ls[i0f oxL sfn / If0fsf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û h'g ;do /
dfu{af6 z/L/ 5f8]/ uPsf of]uLhg kl5 kms]{/ cfpg'k5{ jf cfpg'kb}{g To; ;dosf af/]df …dÚ
ltdLnfO{ eGb5' . of]uLhg klg b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\ . >Ls[i0f b'j} k|sf/sf JolQmx¿nfO{ of]uLhg
eGg'x'G5 . of]u klg b'O{ k|sf/sf] 5 Pp6f h;nfO{ xfdL k/dof]u eG5f}+“ hf] cEof;, lqmof, ;fwgfdf
e/f];f ub}{g ToxL k/dof]usf] k'/fgf] gfd ;fª\Vo xf] . ;fª\Vo (Sudden enlightenment) tTsfn
36gf 36\g] s'/fdf ljZjf; u5{ . olb s'g} JolQm jt{dfgsf] If0fdf oxL / clxn] pleg tof/ ePdf
s'g} of]ufEoff; / Wofgsf] cfjZostf x'Fb}g≤ p;sf] k/d;Fu ldngsf] 36gf s]xL gu/Lsg g} 36\g
;S5 lsgeg] p;;Fu xfdL slxn] la5f]8 ePsf g} 5}gf}+“ . To;}n] p;nfO{ kfpgsf nflu s'g} af6f]

nf]suLtf– 347
cWofo–*
to ug{ h?/L 5}g . h;;Fu xfdL slxn] cnu g} 5}gf“}+ eg] p;nfO{ a'‰g s'g} klg ljlw / lawfgsf]
cfjZostf xF'b}g t/ s]xL x'g] jf kfpg] OR5f afFsL 5 eg] ;fª\Vo p;sf] dfu{ x'g ;Sb}g .
To:t} csf]{ dfu{ klg 5 h;df of]uLhg d[To'kl5 k'gh{Gddf cfpg] ultdf k|fKt x'G5g\ .
o:tf of]uLx¿ klg 5g\ hf] of]usf] cEof; s'g} jf;gf / sfdgfn] ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . Tof] jf;gf
k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg] jf;gf klg x'g ;S5 . hxfF s'g} k|sf/sf] rfxgf x'G5, ToxLF eljiosf] hGd x'G5
/ hxfF eljio 5 ToxfF ctLt;Fu ;xf/f lng'k5{, cGoyf eljiosf] c~hfg nf]sdf k|j]z x'g ;Sb}g .
ToxfF ctLtsf] cfwf/ g} cg'ej aGb5 . ctLtsf] 1fg / eljiosf] sfdgfdf dg]{ JolQm km]l/ lkmtf{
x'G5 . dg]{ If0fdf x] k|e' Û k'gh{Gd gxf];\ eGg] dfq sfdgf eP klg k'gh{Gd x'G5 . s'g} klg rfxgf
gePsf] sfn jf If0fdf hf] JolQmn] z/L/ 5f]8\5, p;sf] ofqf k/dwfdlt/ x'G5 t/ cflv/L If0fdf
df]Ifsf] jf;gf klg /Xof] eg] hlt;'s} of]u;fwgf u/] klg k'gh{Gd x'G5 . olb s'g} jf;gfn] of]u
;fwgf u/]sf] 5 eg] p;sf] k'gh{Gd lglZrt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– dfly atfOPsf b'O{ k|sf/sf dfu{x¿dWo] h'g dfu{df clUg, Hof]lt, lbg
tyf z'SnkIf / pQ/fo0fsf] ^ dlxgf 5 To; dfu{df d/]/ uPsf a|Xdj]Qf k'?if a|Xddf k|fKt
x'G5g\ . b'O{ dfu{ cyf{t\ pQ/fo0f / blIf0ffogsf] rrf{ ug]{ qmddf of] klxnf] Znf]sdf klxnf] dfu{sf]
rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . of] rrf{ clt ;"Id ePsf]n] o;df k|of]u ul/Psf k|tLsx¿sf] st}–st} ckJofVof
klg ePsf] 5 . cGt/td hut\sf] uxg / ld7f] /x:o atfpg k|tLs r'Gg'k5{ lsgeg] To:tf s'/f
l;w} atfpg ;lsFb}g . hLjgdf cfgGb 3l6t x'Fbf Tof] cfgGbnfO{ atfpgsf nflu k|tLss} ;xf/f
lng'k5{ .
dg'iosf] r]tgfsf] ofqfsf nflu of]uzf:q / j}lbs jfª\don] b'O{ k|sf/sf kysf] ljefhg
u/]sf 5g\ . ;"o{ ha e"dWo /]vfsf] pQ/df x'G5 / To;}lt/ al9/x]sf] x'G5, ta Tof] pQ/sf] ky
x'G5 . To:t} ;"o{ ha e"dWo /]vfsf] blIf0flt/ al9/x]sf] x'G5 cyf{t\ tn plq/x]sf] x'G5 ta Tof]
blIf0fsf] ky x'G5 . dg'ionfO{ klg b'O{ lx:;fdf ljeflht ubf{ sfdjf;gfs]G›sf] tnsf] dfu{ blIf0f
/ Tof] s]G›sf] dflysf] dfu{ pQ/ x'G5 . dg'ioleq clUgpmhf{ h;nfO{ klZrdf hLjzf:qLx¿
hLjpmhf{ eG5g\, Tof] hLjpmhf{nfO{ k"j{df ;bf ;"o{sf] k|tLssf ¿kdf dflgPsf] 5 lsgeg] ;d:t
hLjpmhf{ ;"o{af6 g} k|fKt x'G5 . dg'iosf] ue{sf] ljsf; x'g] pmhf{sf ;fy} xfdL leqsf] hLjpmhf{
;"o{af6 g} k|fKt x'G5 . To;}n] leqsf] pmhf{sf nflu klg ;"o{sf] k|of]u ug{' plrt x'G5 . dg'iosf]
r]tgfdf h'g 36gfx¿ 36\5g\ tL uxg ¿kdf ;"o{;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . dg'ionfO{ klg e"dWo /]vf
agfP/ / sfds]G›af6 Pp6f /]vf lvr]df tnsf] lx:;f blIf0fky x'G5 / dflysf] lx:;f pQ/ky
x'G5 . ha hLjpmhf{ blIf0ffog cyf{t\ tn v'§flt/ plqG5, To;a]nf h'g d[To' 3l6t x'G5 Tof] Ps
k|sf/sf] d[To' x'G5 . ha Tof] hLjpmhf{ sfds]G›af6 dfly lz/tkm{ cyf{t\ pQ/fo0fdf k|jflxt x'G5
ta k|fKt x'g] d[To' cs}{ k|sf/sf] x'G5 . oL b'j}sf] ofqf cnu x'G5 . ha hLjpmhf{ tnlt/ plqG5,
ta cTolws pmhf{ sfds]G›sf] tnlt/ cyf{t\ blIf0ffoglt/ ws]lnG5 . ha;Dd xfd|f] lrQ
sfdjf;gfdf /t /xG5 ta;Dd xfd|f] v'§fsf] kfOtfnf tftf] x'G5 .
t/ ha xfd|f] pmhf{ sfds]G›af6 dfly pWj{udglt/ ofqf u5{ To; ;do xfd|f v'§f lr;f
x'g yfN5g\ / xfd|f] lz/sf] tfn' tftf] x'g yfN5 . a'4 h:tf of]uLsf v'§f lr;f, zLtn x'G5g\ . w]/}
;dob]lv u'?sf] r/0fdf lz/ /fVbf lzionfO{ clxn] pQ/fo0fsf] cj:yf eP gePsf] yfxf x'GYof] /
u'? cfˆgf] xft lziosf] lz/df /fv]/ blIf0ffog jf pQ/fo0f s'g cj:yfdf lzio 5 eGg] yfxf
kfpFy] . dgf]ljZn]if0f ubf{ k|mfo8, h'Ë cflbaf6 kQf nufpg jiff}{+ nfUg] s'/f k|frLg u'?x¿n] lz/df
xft /fv]/ If0fe/df pQ/fo0f / blIf0ffogsf] l:yltnfO{ kQf nufp“y] . blIf0ffogsf] ;dodf olb

nf]suLtf– 348
 cWofo–*
pmhf{ sfds]G›af6 tn v'§flt/ alu/x]sf] If0fdf s;}sf] d[To' eof] eg] p;sf] k'gh{Gd lglZrt x'G5
t/ pmhf{ sfds]G›af6 lz/lt/ cyf{t\ pmWj{d'vL ePsf] 5 eg] o:tf] If0fdf d[To' x'g] JolQmsf]
k'gh{Gd xF'b}g / pm d'Qm x'G5 . To:t} pQ/fo0fsf] 5 dlxgf xfd|f] hLjgsf] z/L/sf] cfwf lx:;f
tkm{sf] O;f/f xf] . klxn]sf] j0f{Joj:yfcg';f/ ljeflht rf/ cf>d Joj:yfdf krf; jif{;Fu}
pQ/fo0f ;'? x'GYof] / krxQ/ jif{df ha pmhf{ pmWj{ufdL x'GYof], ta 3/ 5f8]/ JolQm ;GGo:t
x'Gy] .
oL b'O{ k|sf/sf dfu{dWo] clUg, Hof]lt, lbg, z'SnkIf / pQ/fo0fsf] ^ dlxgfsf] ;dodf d/]/
uPsfx¿ a|Xdj]Qf k'?if a|Xddf k|fKt x'G5g\ eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . clUg, Hof]lt, lbg / z'SnkIf
oL rf/ zAb s[i0fn] k|of]u ug{'ePsf] 5 . clUgdf OGwgsf ;fy} pQfk klg x'G5 . Hof]ltdf OGwg /
w'jfF x'Fb}g ;fy} tfk klg sd x'G5 . clUgdf Hjfnf x'G5 / Tof] Hjfnf hxfF klg bf}l8g ;S5 t/
Hof]ltdf Hjfnf l:y/ eP/ Ps x'G5 . clUg cg]s Hjfnfjfnf x'G5 eg] Hof]lt Ps Hjfnfjfnf dfq
x'G5 . lbgsf] ;dodf 5\ofË pHofnf] x'G5 hxfF Hjfnf klg x'Fb}g s]jn k|sfz dfq x'G5 . ;"o{
gpbfPsf] cj:yf lbg xf] / s]xL a]/df ;"o{ pbfPkl5 clUgsf] k|efj ;'? eO{{ lbg tfkk"0f{ x'G5 .
/flq ;dfKt eO;s]/ ;"o{ k|s6 gePsf] ;GWofsf] If0fdf s]jn k|sfz x'G5 tfk x'Fb}g, ToxL lbg xf] .
Hof]ltdf s]xL tfk x'G5 t/ lbgdf k|sfz x'G5 tfk x'Fb}g . clUgeGbf Hof]lt / Hof]lteGbf lbgdf
k|sfz qmdzM sd lx+;|s x'Fb} hfG5 t/ lbgdf klg k"/f zLtntf x'Fb}g lsgeg] ;"o{ lgs6 g} x'G5 /
rfF8} pbfpg] qmddf ePsfn] clnslt tfk lbgdf klg x'G5 . z'SnkIfsf] /flqdf Tof] tfk klg
;dfKt eP/ s]jn k|sfz / k"0f{ zLtntf dfq x'G5 .
h;n] cfˆgf] pmhf{nfO{ sfds]G›af6 dflylt/ n}hfG5, ta p;nfO{ klxnf] cg'ej clUgsf]
x'G5 . Tof] cg'ej w]/} tfksf] cfuf]h:tf] x'G5 . sfds]G› Tof] clUgn] hNb5 / Hjfnfn] el/G5 t/
JolQmn] w}o{k"j{s ;fx; u/]/ pmhf{nfO{ alxu{dglt/ n}hfg] xtf/ gu/L To;nfO{ ;xg] lxDdt u/]/
pmhf{nfO{ dflylt/ n}hfg] lgZro u¥of] eg] Tof] sfds]G›df hDdf ePsf] ;"o{h:tf] uf]nf] clUgsf]
ljGb' Hjfnf Hof]lt aGb5 . h;/L lbof]sf] Hof]lt jf clUg dflylt/ hfG5 To:t} Hof]lt aGgf;fy
k/dfgGbsf] cg'ej x'G5 lsgeg] tfk ca sd x'G5 . wkwk an]sf] clUgsf] sf]Onf hn]/ ca
Hof]lt aG5 . of] Hof]ltdf klg clnslt tfk x'G5 / o;df xnrn / r~rntf x'G5 . s'g} klg
jf;gfsf] tLj| em8\sfn] Hof]ltnfO{ tn n}hfg ;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf cem ;+od ckgfpg ;lsof]
eg] of] Hof]lt lbgh:tf] x'G5, ta ;"o{ pbfOg;s]sf] / /flq ;dfKt eO;s]sf] laxfgLsf] If0fdf
rf/}lt/ cfnf]sn] el/Psf] cg'ej x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf of] Hjfnf dflylt/ p7]/ cfnf]s aG5 t/
clxn] klg tfk clnslt eP klg pkl:yt 5 lsgeg] Hof]lt g} cfnf]s ag]sf] x'gfn] Hof]ltsf] s0f
of] cj:yfdf klg pkl:yt x'G5 / k"0f{ ¿kfGt/0f ePsf] x'Fb}g ;fy} zLtntf klg k|fKt ePsf] x'Fb}g .
of] t];|f] r/0fdf ;jf{lws w}o{sf] cfjZostf x'G5 . clUgnfO{ ;xg ug{' Tolt sl7g x'Fb}g .
clUgdf kL8f t Hofbf x'G5 t/ clUgdf lbSbf/L pTkGg x'Fb}g lsgeg] To;df Hofb} pQ]hgf x'G5 .
pQ]hgf;Fu xfdL ;lhn} afFRg ;S5f}+ . To:t} Hof]lt;Fu klg afFRg sl7g 5}g lsgeg] To;df klg
r~rntf x'G5 / r~rntfdf dg ;dfof]lht eP/ afFRg ;S5 . ha t];|f] 38L lbg cfpF5, hxfF
laxfgLsf] k|sfzdf lbSbf/L (Boredom) pTkGg x'G5, ta of] t];|f] cj:yfdf JolQm b'vL x'g ;S5 .
clUgsf] If0fdf JolQm t]h:jL x'G5 / Hof]ltsf] ;do Tof] t]hl:jtf cln sd x'G5 tyflk tfk /
r~rntf x'G5 t/ of] t];|f] If0fdf uxg pbf;Lgtfn] ;dfTg ;S5 lsgeg] ToxfF s'g} r~rntf x'Fb}g
s]jn k|sfz dfq z]if /xG5 . To; ;do w}o{sf] Hofbf cfjZostf x'G5 . clGtd ;dodf dg
cToGt a]r}g x'G5 / dgn] clxn] klg kmls{g ;lsG5 eg]/ lr9fpg klg ;S5, ;fy} tfk clxn] klg

nf]suLtf– 349
cWofo–*
yf]/} eP klg pkl:yt x'G5 h'g sfdzlQm aGg ;S5 . ha;Dd tfk x'G5 ta;Dd kmls{g ;Sg]
l:ylt alg/xG5 . o; cj:yfdf w}o{k"j{s pmWj{udgsf] ofqf hf/L /fVof] eg] clGtd 36gf 36\g]
5.
o:tf] cj:yfsf] k|sfz z'SnkIfdf ePh:tf] leGg x'G5 . s[i0fn] k"l0f{df geg]/ z'SnkIf
eGg'ePsf] 5 . rG›df kGw| lbgdf k"0f{ x'g] x'gfn] ltg} kGw| lbgx¿df rf}yf] 36gf k"/f x'G5 . h'g
lbg k"l0f{df x'G5 To; lbg zLtntf x'G5 . olb Tof] If0fdf d[To' eof] eg] a'4Tj k|fKt eP/ a|Xdsf]
pknlAw x'G5 . a'4sf] hGd, pxfFnfO{ klxnf] ;+af]wL k|flKt / pxfFsf] dxfkl/lgjf{0f klg k"l0f{dfsf]
lbgdf ePsf] xf] . o;sf] P]ltxfl;s d"NoeGbf klg o;sf] d"No leqsf] z'SnkIf;Fu g} x'g ;S5 .
of] rf}yf] cj:yfnfO{ kGw| 6'qmf ug{ ;lsG5 . z'SnkIfdf rG›df a9]sf] cj:yfdf x'G5 . ha s'g}
dflg; k"l0f{dfsf] l:yltdf x'G5 / oxL cj:yfdf k[YjLaf6 labf lnG5 eg] p;sf] k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g .
a|Xdsf] pknlAw k|fKt eO;s]sfn] p;sf] ofqfdf k"0f{lj/fd nfU5 .
dg'iox¿df ;ft rqm x'G5g\ . sfds]G›nfO{ k|yd s]G› dfGg] xf] eg] afFsL 5 rqm /xG5g\ .
sfds]G›nfO{ e"dWo /]vf dfg]/ To;nfO{ rqmsf] ¿kdf u0fgf gug]{ xf] eg] 5 rqm afFsL /xG5g\ . tL
5 rqm 5 dlxgf x'g\ . sfds]G›sf tn klg 5 rqm x'G5g\ t/ 1fgLx¿n] tL rqmsf] rrf{ u/]sf
5}gg\ lsgeg] To;sf] s'g} k|of]hg 5}g . oL 5 rqmnfO{ Wofgdf /fVof}F eg] xfdL pQ/fo0fsf 5
dlxgfnfO{ a'‰g ;S5f}+ . ha rf/ ofqf cyf{t\ clUg, Hof]lt, lbg / z'SnkIfsf] ofqf k"/f u/]/
k"l0f{dfsf] cj:yfdf k'Ug ;lsG5 l7s ToxL ;dodf 5 dlxgf cyf{t\ 5 rqmnfO{ kf/ u/L
;x;|fwf/df r]tgf k'u]/ k"l0f{dfsf] h:tf] k|sfz eof] eg] a|Xdsf] pknlAw x'G5 . Tof] If0fdf
dg{'eGbf 7'nf] ;f}efUo c¿ s]xL klg x'Fb}g . To; If0fdf h] 3l6t eP klg ;f}efUo x'g] x'gfn] o;
cj:yfaf6 lkmtf{ x'g'kb}{g .
a'4nfO{ d[To'eGbf rfln; jif{ cl3 1fg eof] . h'g lbg 1fg k|fKt eof] ToxL lbg z'SnkIf
k"/f eof] . To; lbgdf g} pQ/fo0fsf] ;"o{ cfˆgf] l:yltdf k'Uof] / To; lbgaf6 tn emg{ aGb
eof] . pxfFsf] d[To' t rfln; jif{kl5 dfq eof] . af}4 wdf{jnDaLx¿ a'4nfO{ h'g lbg 1fg k|fKt
eof] To;nfO{ lgjf{0f eG5g\ . Ps cy{df Tof] lbgdf pxfFsf] d[To' 3l6t eof] lsgeg] ca s'g}
k'g/fudg x'g] 5}g . h'g lbg z/L/ 5'6\of], Tof] lbgnfO{ pgLx¿ dxfkl/lgjf{0f eG5g\ . hxfF;Dd
z/L/sf] ;DaGw 5, Tof] rfln; jif{cl3 g} 5'l6;s]sf] lyof] t/ hut\n] hfGg] u/L rfln; jif{kl5
dfq pxfFsf] z/L/ 5'6\of] . rfln; jif{df leqsf] ;don] PsIf0f klg ult lnPg t/ aflx/sf] ;do
rNb} uof], leqsf] 38L t rfln; jif{cl3 g} aGb eO;s]sf] lyof] . h'g JolQmnfO{ #% jif{kl5 1fg
x'G5≤ pgLx¿ nfdf] ;do;Dd hLljt /xG5g\ lsgeg] pgLx¿nfO{ 1fg k|fKt x'Fbfsf] pd]/ lzv/df
k'u]sf] x'G5 afFsLsf] cjlw t z/L/sf] ofqf dfq x'G5 . h;nfO{ #% jif{cl3 1fg x'G5 pgLx¿ w]/}
afFRb}gg\ h:tf]– lh;;, zÍ/frfo{ lsgeg] pxfFx¿ pd]/sf] prfOsf] plSng] qmddf x'g'x'GYof] . o:tf
JolQmnfO{ 1fg k|fKt ePkl5 @–$ sbddf g} hLjg /f]lsG5 . To;}n] pQ/fo0fdf clUg, Hof]lt, lbg
/ k"l0f{dfsf] zflGtk"0f{ k|sfzsf] ldngdf d[To' x'g] JolQm a|XdnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 .
w"df] /flq:tyf s[i0fM if0df;f blIf0ffogd\ .
tq rfG›d;+ Hof]ltof]{uL k|fKo lgjt{t] ..@%..
w'jfFsf, /flqsf, s[i0fkIfsf, blIf0ffogsf 5 dlxgfdf z/L/ TofUg] of]uL ;DalGwt clwi7ft[
b]jtfsf;fy rG›dfsf] Hof]lt k|fKt u/L :ju{df cfˆgf] z'esd{sf] kmn ef]u]/ k'gM k[YjLdf kms]{/
cfpF5g\ ..

nf]suLtf– 350
 cWofo–*
z'Sns[i0f] utL Xo]t] hutM zfZjt] dt] .
Psof ofTogfj[lQdGoofjt{t] k'gM ..@^..
o; ;+;f/af6 k|:yfg ug]{ b'O{j6f dfu{ 5g\≤ tLdWo] klxnf] z'Sn of k|sfz cyf{t\ b]jofg /
bf];|f] s[i0f of cGwsf/ cyf{t\ lkt[ofg dfu{ xf] . klxnf] z'Sndfu{af6 hfg]x¿ gkms{g] / bf];|f] s[i0f of
cGwsf/ dfu{af6 hfg] of]uL k'gM kms]{/ cfpF5g\ ..
hf] JolQm k|e'sf] ;tt ;fwgfdf nLg eP/ pQ/fo0f dfu{af6 d[To' k|fKt ub{5 p;sf]
k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g cyf{t\ pm cfˆgf] :jefjnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . blIf0ffog dfu{df ;fwgfdf tNnLg x'g]
JolQmx¿ d[To'kl5 a9LeGbf a9L :ju{;Dd k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ t/ df]If k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . :ju{df
p;sf] sd{kmn Ifo ePkl5 pm k'gM hGd lnP/ lkmtf{ x'G5 . h;sf] sfdpmhf{ alxd{'vL 5 /
sfdjf;gf tnlt/ k|jflxt 5 o:tf] JolQmsf] sfdpmhf{ tnlt/ au] klg cg]s k|sf/sf ;fwgf u/]/
pm of]uL aGg ;S5 . p;sf k|foMh;f] of]uk|lqmofx¿ bdgsf x'G5g\ / pm sfdpmhf{nfO{ pWj{ultlt/
n}hfFb}g, s]jn sfdpmhf{nfO{ ;ª\s'lrt dfq ub{5 / pmhf{ sfds]G›df g} hDdf eP/ p;sf]
alxu{dg eg] aGb x'G5 .
sfds]G›df hDdf ePsf] pmhf{ ls t :qL jf k'?ifsf] z/L/lt/ aUg'k¥of] cyjf Tof] pmhf{
pWj{udgsf] dfu{df au]/ ;x;|fwf/;Dd k'Ug'k¥of] jf alxu{dglt/ gaxL cfˆg} z/L/df tnlt/ pmhf{
aUg'k¥of] . of] cfˆg} z/L/df sfds]G›df hDdf ePsf] pmhf{ tnlt/ aUg' blIf0ffog dfu{ xf] . o:tf]
k'?if t];|f] k|s[ltsf] pmhf{nfO{ cfˆg} z/L/df tnlt/ k|jflxt u5{ . pm :qL;Fusf] ;DaGwaf6 l7s
p:t} d'Qm x'G5 h:tf] pWj{udgdf pmhf{ aUbf d'Qm ePsf] JolQm x'G5 . b'j} dfu{df pmhf{ aflx/
lgl:sg aGb x'G5 t/ h;n] cfkm"leq bdg u/]sf] 5 p;sf] pmhf{ tnlt/ aU5 / hf] pWj{udgsf]
dfu{df x'G5 p;sf] pmhf{ dflylt/ aU5 . sfds]G›sf] tn klg 5 j6f s]G›x¿ 5g\ h:tf]
sfds]G›eGbf dfly 5 j6f s]G› x'G5g\ . of] pmhf{ tnsf 5 s]G›df aUof] eg] klg s]xL cg'e"ltx¿
x'G5g\ . x7of]usf w]/} k|of]ux¿df sfdpmhf{nfO{ aflx/ hfgaf6 /f]lsG5 Pjd\ pmhf{ dflylt/
k|jflxt ul/+“b}g / z/L/df g} tn v'§flt/ cGt/k|jfx x'g yfN5 . o:tf] ;fwsn] klg cg]s
pknlAwx¿ kfpg ;S5 . o:tf] ;fwssf] pknlAwnfO{ klZrddf sfnf] hfb' (Black magic) /
k"j{df …d}nL ljBfÚ elgG5 t/ oL ;fwsx¿df sfd pmhf{nfO{ aflx/ hfgaf6 ;Lldt ug]{ pknlAw
eg] x'G5 . hLjgdf h}ljs k|jfxaf6 o:tf] JolQm aflx/ x'G5 / of] aflxl/g' g} o; JolQmsf] k'0o
x'G5 . o;k|sf/sf] k'0osf] andf hLjgsf] clwstd ;'v k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 t/ cfgGbnfO{ k|fKt ug{
eg] ;lsFb}g . uxgtd ;'vnfO{ kfpg] Joj:yfsf] gfd g} :ju{ xf] . o:tf] ;'v pmhf{ aflx/ k|jflxt
x'g] JolQmn] slxNo} kfpFb}g . o:tf] JolQmn] To:tf] cfgGb k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g h'g pmhf{ pWj{udgsf]
ofqfdf uPsf] JolQmn] kfpF5 t/ o:tf] JolQmn] pmhf{sf] udg aflx/ ug]{ JolQmeGbf cTolws ;'v
kfpF5 .
tGqn] klg of] cfGtl/s k|jfxsf ;DaGwdf w]/} ljj]rgf u/]sf] 5 . hf] JolQm b'vaf6 d'Qm
x'g rfxG5 Tof] ;'vfsfª\IfL xf] . hLjgsf] cg'ej lnPsf] JolQmn] ;'v klg b'vsf] Pp6f ¿k xf] eGg]
hfGb5 . hf] ;'v / b'v b'j}af6 d'Qm x'g rfxG5 To:tf] JolQm pQ/fo0fsf] dfu{df ofqf ub{5 .
pQ/fo0fsf] dfu{df lxF8\g rfxg'sf] cy{ JolQm ca cg'ej xf]Og d'lQm rfxG5 eGg] xf] . ;+;f/sf] jf
k/dfTdfsf] cg'ej klg aGwg g} xf] . d'lQmsf] cfsfª\Iff /fVg]n] cGttM aGwgaf6 5'6\g}kg]{ x'G5 .
xfdL h] rfxG5f}+“, Tof] k|fKt x'g]lalQs} To;af6 b'v dfq kfOG5 . jf:tjdf rfxgfn] b'v lb+Fb}g
pknlAwn] b'v lbG5 . ;'vn] ulx/f] b'vdf k'¥ofpF5 / ;'v klg b'v xf] eGg] k|tLlt h'g lbg x'G5
Tof] lbg JolQmsf] pQ/fo0f cyf{t\ p;sf] leqsf] ;"o{ d'lQmsf] lbzfsf] cfofddf p7\g yfN5 .

nf]suLtf– 351
cWofo–*
df]Ifsf] cfofd lgjf{;gfsf] cfofd xf] ToxfF s;};Fu xf]Og, s]jn d'Qm dfq x'g' 5 . s]jn :jtGqtf
x'g' d'lQm xf] / of] d'lQmsf] rfxgf pQ/fo0f dfu{sf] rfxgf xf] . To;}n] a'4nfO{ s;}n] O{Zj/ /
df]Ifsf af/]df ;f]Wbf pxfF r'k a:g'x'G5 . a'4n] eGg'ePsf] 5– dflg;x¿ O{Zj/ / df]Ifsf] s'/f ubf{
O{Zj/ / df]If kfpg cft'/ x'G5g\ . To;a]nf jf;gf k'gM lgld{t x'G5 . a'4sf] egfOnfO{ xfdLn] a'‰g
g} ;s]gf}+“ . s;}n] ;fwgf lsg eg]/ ;f]Wbf pxfF eGg'x'G5– ;fwgf kof{Kt 5 ;fwgf lsg eg]/ g;f]w≤
lsg eGg] lalQs} jf;gf cfpF5 . pxfFnfO{ lgjf{0fdf s] x'G5 / s] kfOG5 eg]/ ;f]Wbf ha;Dd s]xL
kfpg] s'/f 5, Tof] ;+;f/df x'G5 df]Ifdf t s]jn x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . cfgGbsf ;DaGwdf a'4 eGg'x'G5–
zAbsf] s'/f g} gu/ lsgeg] d}n] cfgGbsf af/]df s]xL atfPF eg] ltdL To;nfO{ ;'v g} ;lDemG5f}≤
t;y{ cfgGbnfO{ ltdL cfkm}“ cg'ej u/ . To;}n] a'4n] eGg'eof]– ltdLx¿ dnfO{ unt k|Zgsf] unt
hjfkm lbg gnufpm . xfdLn] a'4nfO{ ga'emL pxfFnfO{ dxfgfl:ts 3f]if0ff u¥of}F .
xfd|f ;f/f vf]h k|flKt / pknlAwdf lge{/ x'G5g\ . pQ/fo0f ta ;'? x'G5, ha JolQm ;'v–
b'v b'j}af6 5'6\5 . of] ;'v–b'v 5f]8\g] lalQs} pmWj{udg ;'? x'G5 . xfdL b'v 5f]8]/ ;'v k|fKt ug{
rfxG5f}+“ eg] aflx/ hfg 5f]8\g'k5{ lsgeg] b'v ;bf c¿sf sf/0fn] k|fKt x'G5 . To;}n] JolQm ha
b'vL x'G5, ta dlb/fkfg u5{ h;n] aflx/sf] ;DaGw 6'6fpF5 / JolQm cfkm"df aGb x'G5 . dlb/fn]
o;/L a]xf]; kfl/lbG5 ls JolQmnfO{ aflx/sf] s'g} :d/0f g} x'Fb}g . s]xL a]/sf nflu b'vaf6 5'6\sf/f
dfq u/fpF5 . ;'v kfPsf] h:tf] nfUg'sf] cy{ h'g ;DaGwaf6 b'v kfOG5 To;af6 6'6\g' xf] .
blIf0ffogsf] ky ljgf a]xf];L ;DaGw tf]8\g] ky xf] . ;f/f jf;gfx¿nfO{ sfds]G›df hDdf u/]/
sfds]G›sf] åf/ aGb ul/lbg' xf] . bdgsf] a|Xdro{ klg oxL xf] . sfds]G› aGb x'g] lalQs} ;f/f
pmhf{ hDdf x'G5 . pmWj{udgsf] ofqf u/]/ d'lQmsf] af6fdf hfg' 5}g eg] klg pmhf{ uTofTds x'g]
x'Fbf o;n] ult lnG5 lsgeg] pmhf{ uTofTds x'G5 . pmhf{sf nflu tLgj6f dfu{x¿ 5g\≤ tLdWo]
klxnf] dflg;åf/f pmhf{nfO{ alxu{dg ug]{ k|fs[lts dfu{ h;df ;a} kz', kIfL, jg:kltx¿ afFR5g\ /
cTolws dflg; klg o;}df afFR5g\ . bf];|f] pmWj{udgsf] dfu{ h'g cltk|fs[lts 5 / Tof] k|s[ltsf]
kf/ hfg] dfu{ xf] h;n] k/dfTdfdf k'¥ofpF5 .
t];|f] tnlt/ hfg] dfu{ xf] h;af6 k|s[lt eGbf tn k'luG5 . of] dfly hfg] dfu{ geP/ tn
hfg] dfu{ xf] . s[i0f tn hfg] dfu{sf af/]df atfpg'x'G5 . w'jfF, /flq, s[i0fkIf / blIf0ffogsf 5
dlxgfdf d/]/ hfg] of]uL rG›dfsf] Hof]lt k|fKt u/L :juL{o cfgGb ef]u]/ k'gM kms]{/ cfpF5g\ .
pQ/fo0fsf] dfu{df clUg k|yd k|tLssf] ¿kdf x'G5 . dflylt/ clUg a9]kl5 Hof]lt aG5 . Hof]lt
cem dfly a9\bf lbg / lbg cem dfly a9]kl5 z'SnkIf aG5 / k"l0f{dfdf cGt x'G5 . tnsf] dfu{df
clUg ca lardf 5 . dfly uPsf] eP Hof]lt aGYof] tnlt/ hfg] x'Fbf w'jfF aG5 . hlt jf;gfdf tn
plqG5f}+“ clUgnfO{ leh]sf] bfp/f pknAw x'G5 . jf;gf leh]sf] bfp/f jf OGwg xf] h;n] cfˆgf]
sfdjf;gfnfO{ aflx/ hfgaf6 /f]S5 . o; l:yltdf pmhf{ /f]lsG5 t/ leqsf] /; /f]lsGg clg Tof]
/; leq alu/x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] s[i0fn] w'jfFsf] k|tLs r'Gg'ePsf] xf] . o;f] u/]df tnsf] ofqfdf
k|yd cg'ej g} w'jfFsf] x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ slxn]sfxLF jf;gf /f]Sbf ps';d's';sf] cg'ej x'G5 .
bafPsf] jf;gfdf Hof]ltsf] :ki6 cg'e"lt k|tLt x'g ;Sb}g . h'g JolQmn] jf;gf /f]S5 p;sf]
lrQdf w'jfF el/G5 / :jR5 s]xL b]lv+Fb}g lsgeg] ;a} jf;gf cGwf] x'G5 .
jf;gf /f]Sg] lalQs} leq w'jfF el/G5 . of] w'jfF tnlt/ aUb} uof] eg] Tof] lbg g} /flqdf
kl/0ft x'G5 . uxg / ;3g w'jfF ePkl5 /flqsf] cGwsf/ lgld{t x'G5 . w'jfFsf] cy{ lrQsf] z'4tf
gx'g' xf] . To;}n] w]/} x7of]uLx¿df a'l4dQf b]lv+Fb}g t/ pgLx¿df ;ª\sNk alnof] kfOG5 . of]
;ª\sNk klg s'g} ;'v kfpg] ;ª\sNk g} xf] . o:tf] ;ª\sNksf ;fy h;sf] pmhf{ tnlt/ aU5 To:tf]

nf]suLtf– 352
 cWofo–*
JolQmnfO{ ca b'vsf] k|tLlt x'Fb}g . h'g sfdpmhf{ aflx/ uP/ Ifl0fs ;'v lbG5, x7of]uLx¿nfO{ jf
blIf0ffogkysf JolQmx¿nfO{ ToxL pmhf{ ca j[Q agfP/ z/L/leqaf6 g} logLx¿nfO{ ;'v k|bfg
u5{ h'g leqL ;'v aG5 / Tof] ;'v tfd;L / cGwsf/k"0f{ x'G5 . d'lQmsf lglDt dgaf6 d'Qm x'g'kg]{
x'G5 t/ dgnfO{ 9'Ëf] h:tf] h8 agfP/ kf/ x'g' sbflk pko'Qm xf]Og . dgaf6 kf/ eP/ h8tf
kfpg' dgaf6 kf/ x'g' xf]Og s]jn cljrf/sf] cj:yfdf k'Ug' dfq xf], lglj{rf/ cj:yfdf xf]Og .
lglj{rf/ cj:yfdf Tof] JolQm x'G5 hf] rfx]df ljrf/ ug{ ;S5 t/ ljrf/ ub}{g / cljrf/sf]
l:yltdf Tof] JolQm x'G5 hf] rfx]df klg ljrf/ ug{ ;Sb}g . gk'+;stf / a|Xdro{df km/s ePh:t}
cljrf/ / lglj{rf/sf] l:yltdf klg km/s x'G5 .
s'g} klg ;ª\sNkjfg\ JolQmn] s'g} k|sf/sf] ;ª\sNk u/]df ;a}eGbf klxn] p;sf] sfdpmhf{
aUg aGb x'G5 t/ sfdpmhf{ gi6 x'Fb}g h'g hDdf eP/ tnlt/ aUg yfN5 . of] leqsf] k|jfxdf
klxnf] cg'ej w'jfFsf] x'G5 lsgeg] leq :jR5tf x/fpF5 / bf];|f] cg'ej cGwsf/sf] x'G5 lsgeg]
leq w'jfF el/P/ /flq 5fpF5 / s'g} k/sf] j:t' b]lv+Fb}g≤ s]jn :jod\sf] clnslt af]w x'G5 . hlt
xfdL dflylt/ aU5f}+“, Tolt g} :jod\sf] af]w sd x'G5 / hlt xfdL tn plqG5f“}+ k/sf] af]w Tolt sd
x'G5 . pQ/fo0fsf] dfu{df …:jÚsf] af]w sd x'G5 . clUg /x'Gh]n hngk"j{s …:jÚsf] af]w x'G5 / ha
clUg Hof]lt aG5, ta …:jÚcyf{t\ cxª\sf/ ;dfKt x'g yfN5 . Hof]lt lbg aGgf;fy cxª\sf/ 5l/P/
hfG5 / ha lbg z'SnkIf aG5, ta rG›df 7'nf] eP/ …:jÚsf] af]w¿kL cxª\sf/ IfL0f x'g yfN5 /
h'g lbg k"l0f{dfsf] rG›df aG5 ta cxª\sf/ k"0f{ ¿kdf lj;h{g x'G5 . tnsf] blIf0ffogsf] kydf
k/sf] af]w sd x'Fb} hfG5 . hlt w'jfF el/G5 Tolt cxª\sf/ a9\5 clg cGo s'/f wldnf] b]lvG5 .
cGo s'/fx¿ 3/, kTgL, ;Gtfg, wg ;a} 5'6\b}gg\ t/ wldnf] x'G5 / JolQm cfkm"leq v'lDrg yfN5 .
JolQm hlt leq v'lDrG5, cxª\sf/ Tolt g} 7f]; x'g yfN5, leq h8tf afSnf] x'g yfN5 .
cGwsf/n] rf/}lt/af6 JolQmnfO{ 3]5{ / c¿x¿ gb]lvP klg 7f]lsg eg] ;S5 .
o;kl5 s[i0fkIfsf] cFWof/f] /flqsf] a9\g] qmd cdfjf:ofsf] ofqf / k|To]s /flq cem uxg
cFWof/f]n] el/G5 ptf rG›dfsf] k|sfz klg x/]s lbg sd x'g yfN5 . h'g dfqfdf z'SnkIfsf] kGw|
lbg x'G5, ToxL dfqfdf s[i0fkIfsf] klg kGw| lbg kGw| v08 x'G5 / k|To]s /flqdf cGwsf/ cem
a9]/ hfG5 . h'g dfqfdf cGwsf/ ulx/f] x'G5, ToxL dfqfdf ;+;f/ e'Ng yfN5 / cfk"m d]l6Psf] e|d
k}bf x'G5 t/ JolQm d]l6Psf] x'Fb}g . oxL e|dsf sf/0f s[i0fkIfdf ofqf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ klg
z'SnkIfdf ofqf u/]h:t} nfU5 lsgeg] p;sf lglDt ;+;f/ ca b]lv+b}g . To;}n] d d'Qm ePF eg]/
;f]Rg ;S5 t/ ha;Dd cxª\sf/leq x'G5 ta;Dd ;+;f/af6 d'Qm x'g ;lsF+b}g . cxª\sf/ z]if
/x];Dd s'g} klg ;do JolQm lkmtf{ x'g ;S5 . blIf0ffogsf] dfu{df ha cdfjf:ofsf] /flqdf k"0f{
cGwsf/ x'G5, ta JolQmsf] cxª\sf/ k"0f{ eP/ pm laNfs'n z"Go x'G5 t/ p;nfO{ k/dfTdfsf] s'g}
af]w x'Fb}g .
k"l0f{dfsf] /ftdf pknAw ePsf] JolQm klg s] eGg ;S5 eg] …cxd\ a|Xdfl:dÚ . o;sf] cy{
x'G5 ca …dÚ z]if 5}g“, a|Xd dfq df}h'b 5 . cdfjf:ofsf] l:yltdf k'u]sf] JolQmn] klg …cxd\
a|Xdfl:dÚ eGg ;S5 t/ p;sf] …cxd\ a|Xdfl:dÚ sf] cy{ ca s'g} c¿ a|Xd 5}g d g} a|Xd x'F eGg]
x'G5 . k"l0f{dfsf] /fqLdf pQ/fo0fsf] dfu{af6 k'u]sf] JolQmdf s'g} klg cxª\sf/ xF'b}g / p;sf] cxd\
k'0oz"Go s]jn zAbsf] …dÚ x'G5 t/ dkg k6Ss} xF'b}g / pm ;f/f a|Xd;Fu Psfsf/sf] s'/f ul//x]sf]
x'G5, pm ;fu/df ldl;Psf] yf]kf eP/ ca ;fu/ eO;s]sf] x'G5 . t/ blIf0ffogsf] dfu{af6
cdfjf:ofsf] /flqdf k'u]sf] JolQmsf] …cxd\ a|Xdfl:dÚ df yf]kfnfO{ ;fu/sf] s'g} hfgsf/L xF'b}g t/

nf]suLtf– 353
cWofo–*
yf]kf ;fu/df ldl;Pkl5 eg] Tof] ;fu/nfO{ b]v]/ cfkm" g} ;fu/ ePsf] 7fGb5 . o:tf] JolQmsf] …dÚ
g} ;a} s'/f x'G5 hf] p;n] c¿df cf/f]lkt u5{ .
hf] pQ/fo0fsf] dfu{df ofqf u5{ p;sf] ;fwgfsf] dfu{ ;dk{0fsf] x'G5 / blIf0ffogsf]
dfu{df hfg] JolQmsf] ;fwgf ;ª\sNksf] x'G5 . ;ª\sNksf] cy{ …dÚnfO{ ;fFWg' xf] / ;dk{0fsf] cy{ …dÚ
nfO{ lj;lh{t ug{' xf] . x7of]u ToxL ;ª\sNksf] ;fwgf xf] . Pp6f ;fwgfaf6 JolQmsf] k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g
/ csf]{n] klg sxLF t k'¥ofpF5 t/ ToxfFaf6 kmls{g'k5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] bf];|f] dfu{af6
d[To'j/0f ug]{ of]uL :ju{df cfˆgf] sd{sf] kmn ef]u]/ lkmtf{ x'G5 . >Ls[i0f csf]{ s'/f klg eGg'x'G5–
w'jfF, /flq, s[i0fkIf / blIf0ffogsf] 5 dlxgfdf d/]/ hfg] of]uL rG›dfsf] Hof]ltdf k|fKt x'G5 . o:tf]
JolQm :ju{df cfˆgf] ef]u ;s]/ kmls{G5 / rG›dfsf] Hof]lt k|fKt ub{5 . h;/L cfsfzsf] rG›dfsf]
k|ltljDa kf]v/Ldf aG5 To:t} ha s'g} JolQm cGwsf/sf] uxgtfdf x'G5 ta Tof] uxg cGwsf/df
klg rG›dfsf] k|ltljDa b]vfk5{ . ha tnsf] lx:;f JolQmsf] k"0f{ cGwsf/n] el/G5, ta of]
cGwsf/sf] uxgtfdf g} rG›dfsf] k|ltljDa b]vf k5{ . cGwsf/ clt kf/bzL{ x'gfn] emns b]lvG5 .
;ª\sNk ha cGwsf/;Fu hf]l8G5, ta cfˆgf] lz/df rG›df emlNsG5 / ToxL b]lvG5 .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] JolQmnfO{ rG›dfsf] Hof]lt k|fKt u/]/ rG›df pknAw x'Fb}g .
rG›df t pQ/fo0fsf] dfu{sf] JolQmnfO{ pknAw x'G5 . blIf0ffog dfu{sf] JolQmn] rG›dfsf] Hof]lt
dfq b]V5 / Tof] Hof]lt k|fKt u/L :juL{o ef]u u/]/ lkmtf{ x'G5 . :ju{ Tof] cj:yfsf] gfd xf] hxfF
b'v x'Fb}g / ;'v dfq x'G5 . b'v n's]/ a:5 t/ k|j]z ug{ ;Sb}g . ;'vsf] ef]u ;lsPkl5 ToxLF
kmls{g'k5{ . of] ef}lts / dfgl;s b'j} cj:yf xf] . h;n] ;'vsf] ef]u ug{ kfpF5 p;;Fu ;l~rt
el/Psf] ef]usf] ;Ldf x'G5, hf] vr{ gx'Gh]n;Dd p;n] ;'vsf] ef]u ug{ kfpF5 . Tof] k'0o vr{
eO;s]kl5 lkmtf{ eP/ k'gM b'vsf] ;+;f/df kmls{g'k5{ .
To:t} gs{df klg cfˆgf] kfksf] ef]u k"/f ePkl5 kmls{P/ cfpg'k5{ / :ju{af6 klg ;f/f
;'v r's]kl5 lkmtf{ x'g} k5{ . ha s'g} dflg; kfksd{df ;+nUg x'G5 eg] Tof] ;ª\sNksf] sdLsf]
sf/0fn] g} xf] . ;ª\sNkn] b'isd{ gu/ eG5 t/ jf;gf eg] of] df}sf g5f]8 eg]/ pS;fpF5 .
;ª\sNkaf6 :ju{ k|fKt x'G5 t/ ;ª\sNkn] df]If kfOFb}g . ;ª\sNksf] lj;h{g u/]kl5 ;dk{0faf6 dfq
df]If kfOG5 . k"/f ;ª\sNk ePdf JolQm blIf0ffogsf] dfu{df cufl8 a9\5 / ;ª\sNk gePdf JolQm
k|s[ltsf] dfu{df g} e8\ls/xG5 t/ oL b'j}y/L cfˆgf] ef]u ;lsPkl5 kmls{g'k5{ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– of] blIf0ffogsf] dfu{df uPsf] JolQm cfˆgf] ;l~rt sd{sf] kmn ef]u]/ kms{G5 . ;+;f/df
oL b'O{ z'Sn / s[i0f kIf, b]jofg / lkt[ofg dfu{nfO{ ;gftg ePsf] dflgG5 . o;df klxnf] dfu{af6
uPsf JolQmx¿ kms]{/ gcfpg] / bf];|f] dfu{af6 uPsf JolQmx¿ kms]{/ hGd–d[To'df k|fKt x'G5g\ .
of] xfd|f] sd{sf] pknlAw xf] . xfdLn] h] u¥of}+“, To;sf] kmn To:t} k|fKt x'G5 . sd{sf] kmn
;dodf r'S5 / xfdLn] u/]sf] s'g} sd{ klg zfZjt x'g ;Sb}g . hlt;'s} dxfg\ k'0o / ;'v klg
;lsG5 / kmls{P/ k'gM bLgxLg k'/fgf] l:yltdf cfpg} k5{ . sd{n] s]jn Ifl0fs ef]u dfq lbG5 .
:ju{sf] ef]u Ifl0fs x'G5 . ;'v If0fe/df r's] h:tf] nfU5 t/ gs{ If0fe/ k|fKt eP klg zfZjt
h:tf] nfU5 lsgeg] ;'vn] ;donfO{ 5f]6f] kfl/lbG5 / b'vn] ;donfO{ nfdf] h:tf] agfpF5 . To;}n]
;ª\sNkaf6 uPsf] JolQm ;bf lkmtf{ x'G5 lsgeg] ;ª\sNk dflg;sf] sd{ xf] . t/ ;dk{0fsf]
dfu{af6 uPsf JolQmx¿ lkmtf{ cfpFb}gg\ lsgeg] ;dk{0fsf] dfu{df 36\g] 36gf JolQmsf] sd{sf]
kmn xf]Og . ;dk{0f sd{ xf]Og, ;d:t sd{sf] lj;h{g xf] . ;dk{0faf6 hf] pknAw x'G5 Tof]
k|e'k|;fb xf] cyf{t\ O{Zj/Lo cg'sDkf xf] .

nf]suLtf– 354
 cWofo–*
g}t] ;[tL kfy{ hfgGof]uL d'Xolt sZrg .
t:dfT;j]{if' sfn]if' of]uo'Qmf] ejfh{'g ..@&..
x] ch{'g Û hf] oL b'j} dfu{sf af/]df hfgsf/ 5g\ ltgLx¿ slxNo} df]lxt x'bF }gg\ . t;y{ ltdL
klg ;a} sfndf ;Da'l4 ¿kn] of]udf l:y/ xf]pm jf lg/Gt/ d]/f] k|flKtsf] r]i6f u/ ..
j]b]if' o1]if' tkM;' r}j
bfg]if' oTk'0okmn+ k|lbi6d\ .
cTo]lt tT;j{ldb+ ljlbTjf
of]uL k/+ :yfgd'k}lt rfBd\ ..@*..
of]uLhg of] /x:onfO{ hfg]/ j]bfWoog, tk:of, bfg tyf cGo ;sfd sd{ ubf{ k|fKt x'g] h'g
k'0okmn 5 To;nfO{ cltqmd0f u/]/ k/dwfddf k'Ub5g\ ..
k|e'sf] cyf{t\ k/d ;Tosf] vf]hsf] b'O{ dfu{sf af/]df >Ls[i0fn] o; cWofodf atfpg' ePsf]
xf] . ljut tLg ;o jif{sf] cGt/fndf ljleGg ljifodf k|Voflt sdfPsf JolQmx¿df l;Udg k|mfo8,
O6nLsf Uoflnlnof] (Galileo di Vincenzo) / a]nfotsf rfN;{ 8flj{g (Charles Robert Darwin)
x'g\ . k|mfo8, Uoflnlnof] / 8fla{gn] dflg;sf] r]tgf / hLjgnfO{ cfd"n ¿kdf kl/jlt{t x'g] b[li6
k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . k|mfo8sf] dxŒjk"0f{ vf]h dfgjleq h'g cr]tg 5 To;sf] vf]h xf] . dflg;sf]
dg dflysf] kq xf], cr]tg dg o;eGbf uxg kq xf] hf] tn ba]sf] x'G5 . h;af6 xfdL ;~rflnt
eP/ af]N5f“}+, xfF:5f“}+, a:5f“}+, p7\5f“}+ / sfd u5f}{+ Tof] ulx/f] cr]tg dg xf] . sfn{ u':tfkm h'+un] of]
cr]tg dgsf] cem ulx/f] vf]h u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] cr]tg dgd'lg cem cr]tg dg n's]sf] kQf
nufP h;nfO{ pgn] cr]tg ;d"x (Collective unconscious) sf] ;+1f lbPsf 5g\ . pgn] eg]sf
5g\– r]tg dgsf] tn cr]tg dg 5 / cr]tgeGbf tn csf]{ ;d"x cr]tg dg 5 . ;a}
cr]tgx¿ hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ . of] j}1flgs vf]hsf af/]df oxfF pNn]v ug'{sf] p2]Zo blIf0ffogsf]
;DaGwdf /fd|f] hfgsf/L xf];\ eg]/ xf] . k|mfo8 / h'Ën] u/]sf vf]h / sfd blIf0ffogsf] kysf
af/]df xf] . olb xfdL dfgj cr]tg dgdf k|j]z u¥of“}+ eg] tnlt/ plqG5f}+“ .
dfgjsf] cr]tg dg h:t} dfgjsf] cltr]tg (Super conscious mind) dg klg x'G5 . olb
xfdLn] dflylt/sf] ofqf u¥of}+“ eg] Tof] clt r]tg dgsf] ofqf x'g] 5 . xfdL h'g dg;Fu kl/lrt 5f}+“
Tof] r]tg dg xf] To;eGbf tn plqof}+ eg] cr]tg dg / cem tn plqof}+ eg] ;d"x cr]tg dgdf
k'luG5 . To:t} dflylt/ a9\b} uof}+“ eg] cltr]tg / cem dfly a9]df a|Xdr]tg dgsf] ;fIffTsf/
x'G5 . pQ/fo0fsf] ky j}1flgs b[li6af6 cfljisf/ ePsf] 5}g t/ blIf0ffog ky j}1flgs b[li6af6
cfljis[t eO;Sof] . olb pQ/fo0fsf] kysf] hfgsf/Lljgf blIf0ffogsf] ky dfq hfgsf/L eof] eg]
klZrd cem ljs[ltlt/ a9\g] 5 lsgeg] tn plqg] dfu{ t yfxf eof] t/ dfly plSng] dfu{ yfxf
ePg eg] Tof] ljs[ltaf6 kf/ x'g ;lsGg . klZrddf cfh wfld{s, cfWoflTds pTyfg x'g ;s]sf]
5}g . To;sf] jf:tljs sf/0f blIf0ffog dfu{sf af/]df hfGg' t/ pQ/fo0fsf af/]df cgle1 aGg'
xf] . klZrd cfh k|mfo8sf] cw'/f] vf]hsf] 3fts kmn ef]Ub} 5 . >Ls[i0fn] b'j} dfu{sf] l;wf s'/f
atfpg' ePsf] 5 . dfly hfg] dfu{sf] hfgsf/L ePg eg] tnsf] dfu{sf af/]df ghfGg' g} pQd
x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] kfy{ Û o;k|sf/ oL b'j} dfu{nfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfg]sf of]uL df]lxt x'Fb}gg\ .
h'g ;fwsn] oL b'j} dfu{nfO{ p;sf] cfGtl/s uxgtfdf :ki6 ¿kdf hfg]/ cg'ej u5{ pm df]lxt
x'Fb}g . hf] Ps dfu{nfO{ dfq hfGb5 pm df]lxt x'g ;S5 . df]lxt ;b}j xfdL ljk/Lt;Fu dfq x'G5f}+“ .
of] ljk/Ltsf] lgod hLjgsf] ;d:t s'/fx¿df nfu" x'G5 . k'?if :qLdf p;sf] ljk/Lttfsf] sf/0fn]

nf]suLtf– 355
cWofo–*
cfslif{t x'G5 ;fy} ljk/Lt;Fu ;ª\3if{ klg x'G5 . cfsif{0f k/sf] x'G5 / glhs cfPkl5 ;ª\3if{ ;'?
x'G5 . j:t'tM xfdLnfO{ h] s'/fn] cfslif{t u5{ Tof] s'/f;Fu eoeLt x'G5f}+“ t/ ;a} df]x ljk/Lt;Fu
x'G5 . >Ls[i0f oL b'O{ dfu{nfO{ tŒj cg'ejn] hfGg'kb{5 eGg'x'G5 . h;n] cg'ejn] hfGb5 p;n] g}
tŒjn] hfGb5, h;n] cg'ejn] hfGb}g p;n] s]jn l;4fGtn] hfGb5 . l;4fGtnfO{ k9]/ hfGg] 1fg
tŒj1fg xf]Og kl/ro dfq xf] . tŒj1fg :jod\sf] cg'ejaf6 k|fKt x'G5 . oL b'j} dfu{nfO{ hf]
tŒjn] hfGb5 pm df]lxt x'Fb}g, lsgeg] p;nfO{ ljk/Ltsf] cfsif{0f ;dfKt x'G5 . blIf0ffog dfu{df
rNg] JolQmnfO{ pQ/fo0fsf] dfu{n] cfslif{t ul//xG5 lsgeg] ljk/Ltn] cfkm"lt/ tfg]/ afwf
lbO/xG5 . oL b'j} dfu{sf] 1ftf ljk/Lttfsf] rqmaf6 g} d'Qm x'G5 . ;+;f/;Fu d'Qm x'g'sf] cy{
;+;f/;Fu xf]Og o;sf ljk/Lt lgod;Fu d'Qm x'g' xf] .
ljk/Lt;Fu d'Qm geO{{ sf]xL klg zfGt x'g ;Sb}g . df]x;Fu d'Qm eP/ lgdf]{xdf pknAw x'g'
cl3 sf]xL klg zfGt x'Fb}gg\ . k"/f hLjg 38Lsf] k]G8'nd h:tf] b'O{ cltx¿df 8fdf8f]n eO/xG5 .
h;nfO{ 5f]8\of] To;n] g} k'gM cfslif{t u5{ . h;;Fu k/ xf]OG5 To;;Fu k'gM glhs x'g}k5{ /
h;;Fu glhs x'G5 To;;Fu 6f9f hfg} k5{ . hf] k/d d'lQm rfxG5 pm b'O{ ljk/Ltaf6 kf/ x'g'k5{ .
b'O{j6f ljk/Lt dfu{ dfgjleq x'G5g\ . olb ltgnfO{ tŒjk"j{s s;}n] hfGof] eg] p;nfO{ oL b'j}
ljk/Ltsf] cfsif{0f ;dfKt x'G5 / To;} If0fdf JolQmn] k/dd'lQm k|fKt ub{5 . o:tf] If0fdf
JolQmnfO{ ;+;f/df s'g} j:t'k|lt df]x, jf;gf / t[i0ff s]xL z]if /xFb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û
ltdL ;a} sfndf of]uo'Qm ag]/ dnfO{ k|fKt ug]{jfnf xf]pm . of]uo'Qm eGgfn] b'j} cltx¿sf] lardf
l:y/ eO{ lgdf]{x x'g' Pjd\ dWodf /xg' xf] . o:tf of]uLn] Tof] ljGb' hfGb5g\ hxfFaf6 d'lQmsf] cfofd
;''? x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fsf] hLjg cb\e't 5 . pxfFsf] hLjg ;+;f/sf] lj/f]wdf 5}g . pxfFsf] hLjg lj/fuL /
/fuLsf] klg xf]Og . s[i0f x/]s /fuLsf] lardf lj/fuL h:tf] eP/ /xg'x'G5 . pxfFsf] hLjg b'O{
ljk/Ltsf] lar dWosf] vf]h xf] . s[i0f h:tf] dWo:y k'?if k[YjLdf csf]{ x'g klg ;Sb}g . xfdLdWo]
w]/}nfO{ nfUg ;S5 ls s[i0f zflGtjfbL ePsf] eP o'4lt/ kfOnf grfNg'kg]{ xf] / o'4jfbL x'g'x'G5
eg] k/dfTdf / lbJotfsf] s'/f gug{'kg]{ xf] . oL b'j} dfu{dWo] pxfFn] s'g} Ps dfu{ /f]Hg'kg]{ xf] . s[i0f
b'j} s'/f Ps;fy x'g'x'G5, tyflk b'j} x'g'x'Gg . of]uo'Qm x'g'sf] cy{ oxL xf] . pxfF dxfof]uL x'g'x'G5 .
s[i0fn] b'O{ cltx¿sf lardf dWo:y /xg;Sg] Joj:yf lbg'ePsf] 5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ ;+;f/sf lj?4
5gf]6 ug]{ xf]Og lsgeg] To;/L p;nfO{ k|fKt g} ug{ ;lsGg . k/dfTdfnfO{ t To;}n] kfpg ;S5,
hf] laNfs'n r'gfj/lxt x'g ;S5 . h;n] ;+;f/nfO{ g} k/dfTdfsf] ¿kdf / hLjgnfO{ g} d[To'sf]
¿kdf b]Vg ;S5 To;n] dfq p;nfO{ b]Vg ;S5 . of]uo'Qm JolQm dfq dWodf x'G5 To;}u/L
JolQmsf] lrQ ha dWodf x'G5, ta pm of]uo'Qm x'G5 . hLjgsf] ;d:t lj/f]wdf dWodf /xg]
s'/fsf] gfd of]u xf] / hLjgsf] ljk/Lttfdf 5gf]6/lxt eP/ lardf /xg' of]uo'Qm x'g' xf] . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– o:tf] of]uo'Qm ;fwsn] dnfO{ k|fKt u5{ .
of]uLk'?if of] /x:onfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGb5 / j]bfWoog, o1, hk, tk tyf bfgflb sfo{ ubf{ h]
k'0okmn k|fKt x'g] elgPsf] 5 tL ;a}nfO{ pNnª\3g ub}{ ;gftg k/dkbnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . tŒjsf]
/x:o hfGg] of]uLk'?ifsf nflu j]bfWoog, kf7, o1sf] kmn, bfgsf] k'0o ;a} Joy{ x'G5g\ cyf{t\
tŒjbzL{x¿ tL ;a} kmnnfO{ klg pNnª\3g u5{g\ . of] cToGt qmflGtsf/L jrg >Ls[i0f eGb}
x'g'x'G5 . j]bsf] 1fg, o1, tk / bfgsf] tŒjbzL{x¿nfO{ s'g} d"No xF'b}g . h;n] tŒj hfGof] p;sf
nflu j]b k/d 1fg x'G5 t/ hf] j]b k9]/ dfq j]bnfO{ hfGb5 To:tf] hfGg'sf] s'g} t'ngf g} 5}g .
tŒj hfGg] JolQmsf] cufl8 k9]/, o1 u/]/, bfg u/]/ k|fKt ug]{ k'0o kmnsf] s'g} k|lt:kwf{ g} x'g

nf]suLtf– 356
 cWofo–*
;Sb}g . o;sf] cy{ j]bsf] pkof]u g} 5}g eGg] sbflk xf]Og . j]bdf /x:o n's]sf] 5}g eGg] klg
xf]Og t/ j]b klg tL JolQmnfO{ pkof]uL x'G5 hf] j]bsf] kf/ x'g tof/ x'G5, cGoyf zf:q klg
aGwg x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– tŒjk"j{s hfGg] of]uL ;a} s'/faf6 kf/ cyf{t\ d'Qm x'G5 . j]baf6
dfq xf]Og, o1af6 klg d'Qm x'G5 . o1sf] cy{ ;d:t sd{sf08 xf] . ;fy} wd{sf] ;d:t sd{
lqmofsf08af6 klg d'Qm x'G5 . h;n] cfkm"leq k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGof] p;nfO{ s'g} klg lqmof,
sd{sf08, pkf;gf k4lt cfjZos x'Fb}g≤ ca p;nfO{ aflx/ bf}l8g] s'g} k|of]hg g} x'Fb}g .
h;n] leqsf] clUgnfO{ g} hfGb5, p;nfO{ aflx/sf] clUg afn]/ ug]{ o1 Joy{ x'G5 .
aflx/sf] clUgdf ul/g] o1 klg s;}nfO{ leqsf] clUgnfO{ hfGg] dfWod x'g ;S5 t/ aflx/sf] clUg
leqsf] clUgdf k'Ug ;xfos ePg eg] To;sf] s'g} pkof]lutf /xGg . o:tf] JolQmsf nflu tk klg
Joy{ x'G5 . h;n] leqsf] ;|f]t k|fKt ul/;s]sf] 5 p;sf nflu tksf] dfu{af6 cGo k|of; ul//xg'
cfjZos 5}g . ;Tosf] vf]hdf h'g;'s} si6 cfP klg ;xg ;Sg' g} tk xf] . k/dfTdfnfO{ vf]Hg]
cToGt cNk JolQmn] ;xhtfk"j{s h:tf];'s} si6 ;x]/ klg tk ub{5g\ t/ tŒjsf] af]w ePsf]
JolQmn] o:tf] tkaf6 cfh{g x'g] k'0onfO{ klg cltqmd0f u5{ . tŒj hfGg] JolQmnfO{ tksf]
cfjZostf g} kb}{g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– tŒjj]Qf bfgaf6 klg d'Qm x'G5 . bfg klg ;Tosf] vf]hdf
;xof]uL dfu{ xf] . bfgsf] cy{ h] klg lbg ;Sg' xf] . h;nfO{ cfjZostf 5 p;nfO{ lbg' bfg xf] .
bfgsf] df}lns cy{ xfdLnfO{ Joy{ ePsf lrh ;ª\u|x gug{' xf] . o;sf] ulx/f] cy{ ckl/u|x xf] .
cfkm"nfO{ h] cfjZos 5 Tof] pkof]u u/]/ c¿ ;a} c¿nfO{ afF8\g' bfg xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf]
JolQm bfgnfO{ klg cltqmd0f u5{ . o:tf] tŒj hfGg] JolQm s;}nfO{ k/fO{ 7fGb}g, hut\ / cfkm"lar
s'g} leGgtf g} kfpFb}g . p;n] t :jod\nfO{ g} bfg u/]/ ;a} ;dlk{t ul/;s]sf] x'G5 .
tŒjljb\nfO{ g}ltstf–cg}ltstfsf s'g} ;Ldfx¿ x'Fb}gg\ . h] u/fpF5 p;}n] u/fpF5 / h]
eO/x]sf] 5 p;}sf] OR5fn] eO/x]sf] 7fGg] x'Fbf p;sf nflu s'g} e]b /xFb}g . hxfF e]b /xFb}g p;sf
nflu bfg, tk / k'0o;Fu s'g} ;DaGw xF'b}g . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGb} x'g'x'G5– ltdL tŒjljb\ ag /
olb ltdL tŒjljb\ eof} eg] ltdLn] sf]xL db}{g / s;}n] s;}nfO{ dfg{ klg ;Sb}g eGg] hfGg ;Sg]
5f} . of] ltd|f cufl8sf dflg;x¿df klg pxL slxNo} gdg]{ cd[t tŒj 5 hf] ltdLdf 5 . of] z/L/
t gfzjfg\ s'/f xf] hf] gi6 eP/ hfG5 t/ Tof] tŒjsf] slxNo} gfz x'Fb}g . s[i0fsf] of] ;Gb]z clt
pRr / g}lts 5 . hf] k/d cfwf/lt/ rN5 p;sf nflu ;dfhn] lbPsf ;a} cfwf/x¿ Joy{ x'G5g\ .
Tof] cg}lts geP/ clt g}lts x'G5 . ;d:t gLltx¿eGbf kf/ x'g' g} k/d gLlt xf] / ;d:t
wd{x¿ dfly p7\g' g} k/dwd{ xf] . >Ls[i0fn] of] ;a}af6 kf/ x'g] s'/f eGg'ePsf] 5 . oL ;a}nfO{
pNnª\3g u/]/ hf] Tof] ;gftgkb, k/dkbdf pknAw x'G5 / pm a|Xd h:tf] g} x'G5 .
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] cIf/a|Xdof]uf] gfd
ci6df]›WofoM ..*..

nf]suLtf– 357
cWofo–*

nf]suLtf– 358
 cWofo–(
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
gjf}+ cWofo
/fhljBf–/fhu'≈oof]uM

>Leujfg'jfr .
Ob+ t' t] u'Xotd+ k|jIofDog;"oj] .
1fg+ lj1fg;lxt+ oH1fTjf df]Io;]˜z'eft\ ..!..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– x] ch{'g Û ltdL bf]ifb[li6/lxt eQmsf nflu …dÚ of] k/d uf]kgLo 1fg /
lj1fg eGb5'≤ of] lbJo1fg a'em]/ ltdL hGdd/0f ;DaGwL ;f+;fl/s si6af6 d'Qm x'g] 5f} ..
/fhljBf /fhu'Xo+ kljqldbd'Qdd\ .
k|ToIffjud+ wDo{+ ;';'v+ st{'dJood\ ..@..
of] lj1fg;lxtsf] 1fg, ljBfx¿sf] /fhf, /x:ox¿dWo]sf] k/d uf]kgLo, kljq / pQd 5 .
of] k|ToIf kmn lbg], wd{do, cljgfzL 5 / o;nfO{ cfgGbk"j{s ;DkGg ug{ ;lsG5 ..
c>2wfgfM k'?iff wd{:of:o k/Gtk .
ck|fKo df+ lgjt{Gt] d[To';+;f/jTd{lg ..#..
x] k/Gtk Û tŒj1fgo'Qm o; wd{df >4f gug]{ dflg;x¿ …dÚnfO{ k|fKt ug{ g;s]/ d[To'¿kL
;+;f/rqmdf kmls{G5g\ ..
hLjgnfO{ x]g]{ b'O{ b[li6sf]0fx¿ 5g\ . hLjgnfO{ kbfy{ dfGg] b[li6 gsf/fTds / k/dfTdf
dfGg] b[li6 ;sf/fTds x'G5 . xfd|f] b[li6 h:tf] x'G5 hut\ p:t} b]lvG5 . h] xfdL b]V5f}+“, Tof] xfd|f]
efjsf] k|ToIfLs/0f xf] . gfl:tsx¿n] O{Zj/nfO{ ;+;f/df b]Vb}gg\≤ To;}n] pgLx¿ O{Zj/ 5}g eG5g\ .
>Ls[i0f k|f/Ded} ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û bf]if b[li6/lxt eQmsf nflu of] k/d uf]kgLo 1fgsf]
/x:o ca d ltdLnfO{ atfpF5' . ha xfdL s'g} JolQmdf gsf/fTdstf vf]H5f}+“, ta Tof] vf]h bf]ifk"0f{
x'G5 . p;df bf]if geP klg xfdL bf]if b]V5f}+“ . ldqdf s'g} bf]if b]lv“b}g lsgeg] p;nfO{ k|]dsf]
cfFvfn] x]l/G5 t/ zq'nfO{ 3[0ffsf] cfFvfn] x]l/g] x'Fbf p;df lgs[i6tf dfq b]lvG5 . xfdL h] 5gf]6
ug{ rfxG5f}F, ToxL b]lvG5 . ha Pp6f JolQmnfO{ zq'sf] ¿kdf x]l/G5, ta p;df s]jn gsf/fTds
s'/f dfq b]lvG5 t/ s'g} ldqnfO{ x]l/of] eg] p;df ;sf/fTds s'/f klg b]lvG5 . s'g} klg JolQmsf
af/]df lgsflng] lgisif{ cfˆgf] JofVof xf] . bf]ifb[li6 ePsf] JolQmn] hut\df s]xL klg >]i7 b]Vb}g .
;Tosf] k|tLlt / ;f}Gbo{sf] s'g} af]w p;df x'Fb}g . p;nfO{ hut\ pT;j geP/ Pp6f pbf; Joj:yf
h:tf] nfU5 . p;n] sfF9f dfq b]V5 t/ km"n b]Vb}g . gs/fTdstfsf] hf]8 g} gfl:tssf] ;+;f/ xf] .
To;}n] bf]ifk"0f{ cfFvfn] ;+;f/nfO{ x]bf{ gfl:tssf] hut\ dfq b]lvG5 .
eQmn] o; ;+;f/nfO{ cs}{ k|sf/n] x]5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ca d bf]ifb[li6/lxt eQmsf nflu
k/d /x:osf] s'/f eG5' . bf]ifb[li6/lxt ePdf dfq k/d /x:osf af/]df atfpg ;lsG5 cGoyf
eGg' Joy{ x'G5 lsgeg] hlt;'s} /fd|f] s'/f elgP klg o:tf JolQmn] ;'Gb}gg\ . olb ch{'g bf]if b]Vg]
dgf]bzfdf 5g\ eg] s[i0f /x:osf s'/f eGg ;Sg'x'Gg lsgeg] ch{'gdf Tof] a'‰g] Ifdtf g} x'Fb}g .
cf7f}+“ cWofosf] nfdf] JofVofkl5 >Ls[i0f >4fsf] ;"q eGg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . clxn];Dd s[i0f ts{sf
s'/f u/]/ ch{'gnfO{ ;Demfpg] k|of; ub}{ x'g'x'GYof] . ptf ch{'g ga'em]sf] h:tf] Jojxf/ b]vfpFb} lyP
t/ s[i0f lg/Gt/ ch{'gsf] ;Gb]x x6fpg k|of;/t /xg'eof] / ch{'gsf] gfl:tstf;Fu h'lw/xg'eof] .
nf]suLtf– 359
cWofo–(
ca eg] ch{'gsf] gfl:tstf ;dfKt eP/ bf]ifb[li6 / ;Gb]x klg x6]sf] / pgsf] Åbosf] åf/ v'n]sf]
kfPkl5 pxfF ch{'gnfO{ k/d /x:osf af/]df atfpF5' eGb} x'g'x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f ca k|;Gg eP/ /x:osf af/]df atfpg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . o;eGbf cufl8sf cf7
cWofodf pxfFn] lg/Gt/ ch{'gsf] a'l4;Fu ;ª\3if{ ug{'eof] . ha;Dd a'l4n] sfd u5{, ta;Dd Åbon]
lj>fd u5{ / ha a'l4n] lj>fd u5{, ta Åbo ;lqmo x'g yfN5 . /x:o t s]jn Åboaf6 dfq
hfGg ;lsG5 . pxfFn] ca ch{'gsf] Åbo bf]ifb[li6/lxt ePsf] kfpg'eof] . To;}n] t ca /x:osf]
s'/f ug{ nfUg'ePsf] 5 . gsf/fTds JolQmn] Pp6f km"nsf] ;f}Gbo{df klg km"nnfO{ r'F8]/ x]g{ vf]H5 /
;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] JolQmn] cv08df ;f}Gbo{ x]g{ vf]H5 . km"nsf] ;f}Gbo{ v08df geP/ cv08df
x'G5 . k/dfTdf kl/k"0f{ cv08tf xf] . k/dfTdfsf] cy{ ;f/f cl:tTjsf] ;du|tf xf] . ;f/f cl:tTj
olb Pp6f km"n xf] eg] k/dfTdf Tof] cv08tfsf] ;f}Gbo{ xf] . gsf/fTds b[li6 ;b}j OlG›odfly
e/f];f u/]/ OlG›on] h] u|x0f u5{, To;}nfO{ ;To 7fG5 t/ lawfos b[li6n] tf]8]/ xf]Og hf]8]/ x]5{ .
ha dflg; bf]ifb[li6af6 /lxt x'G5, ta pm eQm x'G5 . xfd|f] dgdf eQmsf] h'g tl:a/ 5
Tof] ;fdfGo dfq xf] . dlGb/df k|fy{gf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ xfdL eQm 7fG5f}+“ . xfdLnfO{ nfU5– ljlwk"j{s
k|fy{gf ug]{ JolQm eQm xf] / o:t} lsl;dsf] tl:a/ xfd|f] dgdl:tisdf x'G5 t/ of] ;a} ;fdfGo
s'/f dfq xf] . eQmsf] ;xL cy{ bf]if–b[li6/lxt JolQm xf] . ha pm hLjgnfO{ gsf/fTds b[li6n] x]b}{g
/ hLjgnfO{ p;sf] lawfostfdf x]5{, ta dfq pm eQm x'G5 . gsf/fTds b[li6o'Qm JolQmn]
j:t'nfO{ ljeQm u/]/ x]5{ . eQmn] o;sf l7s ljk/Lt j:t'nfO{ gtf]8L hf]8]/ x]5{ . eQmsf] cy{
hLjgnfO{ hf]8\g ;dy{ x'g' xf] . s[i0f o; k|;ËnfO{ uLtfsf] cl3Nnf] cWofodf klg eGg ;Sg'x'GYof]
t/ To;a]nf elgPsf] eP ;a} Joy{ x'GYof] . uLtfsf] cf7f“}+ cWofosf] ofqf gu/L s[i0faf6 l;wf o:tf]
;"q k|of]u ul/Psf] eP ch{'g elQmdf plqg c;dy{ x'Gy] . ha;Dd a'l4 cfˆgf] bf}8w'knfO{ zfGt
ub}{g, ta;Dd eQmsf] efj g} pbo x'Fb}g . ha a'l4sf ;a} r]i6f c;kmn x'G5g\ ta dfq JolQm
eQm x'g ;S5 . To;}n] elQmn] a'l4sf] kf/ n}hfG5 t/ elQmsf] dfu{ ;'ud gePsf]n] s[i0f cf7f“}+
cWofokl5 aNn elQm;"qsf af/]df eGb} x'g'x'G5 . elQm a'l4af6 kf/ x'g;Sof] eg] dfq ;'ud x'G5 .
a'l4 Joy{ 5 eg]/ hfGgsf nflu a'l4af6 u'lh|P/ dfq hfGg ;lsG5 .
ch{'gsf] a'l4;Fu k"0f{ kl/lrt ePkl5 dfq s[i0fn] /x:osf] s'/f atfpg nfUg'ePsf] xf] .
pxfFn] ;'?df g} ltdL elQmdfu{df pknAw xf]pm of ltdL eQm ag eg]/ eGg'ePg . To;}n] s[i0fn]
a'l4/lxt s'/f 5f]8]/ >4f hGdfpm eg]/ slxNo} eGg'ePg . >4f / e/f];f eg]/ x'Fb}g, e/f];f a'l4sf]
c;dy{tfaf6 dfq hlGdG5 . ha a'l4 c;xfo x'G5, ta dfq >4fsf] hGd x'G5 . ch{'g clxn];Dd
Ps lh1f;' lyP t/ ca pgL eQm eP/ hfGg rfxG5g\ . pgsf] vf]h ca lh1f;f xf]Og t[i0ff ag]/
Åbosf] ceLK;f ag]sf] 5 . To;}n] s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ k/d uf]kgLo 1fg/x:o eGg nfUg'ePsf] 5 . of]
1fg k/d uf]kgLo 5 / To;nfO{ u'Kt /fVg'kg]{ xf] t/ s[i0f hf] uf]kgLo 5 To;nfO{ eGb} x'g'x'G5
h'g pN6f] s'/f h:tf] nfU5 . ha;Dd Åbodf eQmsf] efj x'Fb}g, ta;Dd s'g} klg 1fg vt/gfs
l;4 x'g ;S5 . lj1fgsf] 1fg o:t} vt/gfs l;4 eO/x]sf] 5 . 1fg :jod\df vt/gfs x'Fb}g t/
1fg h;sxfF k'Ub5 p;df olb eQmsf] efj ePg eg] 1fg vt/gfs x'G5 .
lj1fgn] kbfy{sf] ;"Id vf]h u/]/ o;sf] u'Xo /x:o aflx/ Nofof] t/ To;sf] kl/0ffd
lx/f]l;df / gfuf;fsLsf] 36gf aGof] . ca t :jod\ j}1flgsx¿ g} sxLF xfdLn] kfk t ul//x]sf
5}gf}+ eg]/ lrlGtt 5g\ . To;}n] 1fg ;b}j lxtsf/L x'Fb}g . unt JolQmsf] xftdf c1fg g} l7s x'G5
/ ;xL JolQmsf] xftdf dfq 1fg l7s x'G5 . 1fg zlQm xf] / Tof] unt JolQmsf] xftdf k¥of] eg]
vt/f x'G5 . eQm eGgfn] hf] ca slxNo} unt ug{ ;Sb}g eGg] xf] . eQm ToxL xf] h;sf] leqaf6

nf]suLtf– 360
 cWofo–(
unt ug]{ ljrf/ g} ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . h;n] hLjgdf k/dnfO{ x]g]{ Ifdtf h'6fpF5 pm lgs[i6tfdf
slxNo} k|oTg/t /xFb}g . To:tf] JolQmsf] xftdf zlQm x'Fbf klg s'g} vt/f x'Fb}g .
lj1fgn] cfh h'g e'n ePsf] dx;'; u/]sf] 5, To;nfO{ s[i0fn] xhf/f“}+ jif{cl3 atfO;Sg'
ePsf] lyof] . h;/L cfh j}1flgsx¿df cfˆgf] vf]h unt JolQmsf] xftdf ghfcf];\ eGg] lrGtf 5
l7s To:t} lrGtf k"j{df cfTd1fgsf] ;DaGwdf pTkGg ePsf] lyof] . k"j{n] dg'iosf] cGt/1fgdf Tof]
:yfg k|fKt u¥of] hxfF k/dzlQmsf] ;|f]t 5 . To;}n] tL ;"qx¿nfO{ n'sfpg'kg]{ cj:yf cfof] lsgeg]
tL ;"qsf] b'?kof]u eP vt/gfs cj:yf cfpg ;S5 . log} sf/0fx¿n] ubf{ uf]kgLo u'Xo1fg
lgld{t eof] . Tof] u'Xo 1fgnfO{ uf]Ko /fVgsf nflu To;nfO{ zf:qdf ;d]t n]lvPg lsgeg] zf:q
k9\g ;lsG5 . To;}n] w]/} jif{;Dd k':ts gn]vLsg /x:onfO{ n'sfpg vf]lhof] . xhf/f}+“ jif{;Dd
1fg s07:y ul/of] / n]Vg] r]i6f ul/Pg, kl5 jfWotfjz Tof] 1fg n]lvof] / n]Vg]lalQs} To;sf
cg]sf“}+ zfvfx¿ eP . cg]sf}+“ JolQmx¿sf d'vaf6 lg;[t egfOx¿df Ps¿ktf / tYout ;Totf
x'g ;sf];\ eg]/ n]Vg afWo x'g'k¥of] cyf{t\ :d[ltaf6 To; k|sf/sf] 1fgnfO{ sfuhdf ptfg{'k¥of] /
Tof] 1fgnfO{ ;"qa4 ul/of] . ;"qsf] efiffdf lgi0fft ePsf] JolQmn] dfq To;sf] cfzo a'‰g ;S5 .
To;}n] zf:qnfO{ ;"qdf n]lvof] / u'?d'v jf u'?lziosf] k/Dk/faf6 To;sf] 1fg x:tfGt/0f ul/of] .
cfˆgf] cg'ej;lxt u'?n] lzionfO{ ;Tkfq hfg]/ To:tf] u'Kt1fg sfgdf elglbg] uy]{ . sfgdf
clxn]h:tf] elgg] dGq xf]Og To;a]nf ToxL s'/f elgGYof] hf] ;'Gg]jfnfn] klxnf]k6s ;'g]sf] x'GYof] /
Tof] p;sf] r]tgfdf klxnf]k6s cjtl/t x'GYof] . o;/L elgg] dGq Pp6f cg'ejsf] x:tfGt/0f lyof]
/ lzion] ;fwgfaf6 Tof] vf]Hg] pkfo ug{'kYof{] .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ o:t} u'Xo1fg /x:o;lxt atfpg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 h'g 1fg hfg]/ x/]s
dfgj b'v¿kL ;+;f/af6 d'Qm x'g] 5g\ lsgeg] 1fg d'lQm xf] . jf:tjdf c1fg g} b'v xf] . c1fg /
b'v kof{ojfrL zAb x'g\ . klZrdsf] wd{n] kfknfO{ hf]8 lbof] / of] pgLx¿sf] k|f/lDes cfwf/
aGof] . O:nfd Pjd\ O;fO{ ox'bL k/Dk/fsf lx:;f x'g\ . ;+;f/df b'O{ k|sf/sf] wd{sf k/Dk/f 5g\ .
Pp6f ox'bL / csf]{ ;gftg lxGb" k/Dk/f 5 . ;+;f/df l;lh{t ;a} wd{x¿ oL b'O{ k/Dk/fsf lx:;f
x'g\ . ox'bL wd{ / o;sf zfvf wd{x¿ ;a} kfknfO{ dflg;sf] b'vsf] d"nsf/0f dfG5g\ t/ ;gftg
wd{ / o;sf zfvf wd{x¿ dflg;sf] b'vsf] d"nsf/0f c1fg xf] eG5g\ . O;fO{x¿ eG5g\– hf] d"n
kfk xf] pxL ;a} b'vsf] sf/0f xf] t/ ;gftgLx¿ eG5g\– c1fg g} ;a} b'vsf] d"n sf/0f / cfwf/
xf] . logLx¿ kfk klg c1fgsf] sf/0fn] x'G5 eGb5g\ . To;}n] kfk d"n xf]Og lsgeg] kfkL x'g klg
c1fgL x'g'k5{ . JolQmn] unt lqmofsnfk klg c1fgtfsf sf/0fn] dfq u5{ . c1fgsf cltl/Qm
s'g} b'v / kfk 5}g . To:t} 1fgsf cltl/Qm s'g} d'lQm 5}g . klZrdL bz{gn] kfk g} b'vsf] sf/0f
ePsfn] k'0o u/]df kfkaf6 d'lQm x'g ;S5 eGg] dfGotf /fVb5 . To;}n] lqml:rog ld;g/Lx¿
;]jfnfO{ k|d'vtf lbG5g\ . ;]jfsf] k|of]hg kfknfO{ sf6\g' xf] . g/fd|f] sfdnfO{ ;]jf jf /fd|f] sfdaf6
sf6\g] k|of; klZrdL wd{sf] k|of; xf] . klZrdL bfz{lgsx¿ ;gftg ;Gtx¿sf] Wofgsf af/]df
hfGb}gg\ To;}n] Wofgn] xf]Og, kfk sf6\gsf nflu ;]jf ug{'k5{ / ;]jf g} wd{ xf] eGg] ;f]Rb5g\ .
t/ ;gftg bz{gsf dgLifLx¿ Wofgdf hf]8 lbG5g\ . Wofgaf6 1fg hlGdG5 / 1fgn]
c1fgtf sf6\5 eGg] pgLx¿sf] ts{ 5 . xfd|f ;Gtx¿ eG5g\– ljgf 1fgsf] k'0o u/] klg Tof] k'0o
w]/} ulx/f] x'Fb}g lsgeg] c1fgLsf] k'0osf] s'g} d"No x'Fb}g . c1fgLleqsf] r]tgf pxL g} x'G5 To;df
k'0osf] s'g} e]b x'Fb}g . nf]e / qmf]w t pxL x'G5 s]jn To;sf] dfu{ dfq ablnP/ gofF ¿kdf k|s6
x'G5 . ;gftgLx¿ eG5g\– hfGg'sf cltl/Qm cGo s'g} d'lQmsf] pkfo x'Fb}g . c1fg b'v xf] /
c1fgdf JolQm cGwf] x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] of] 1fg hfGb5 pm b'v¿kL ;+;f/af6 d'Qm

nf]suLtf– 361
cWofo–(
x'G5 . 1fg ;'g]/ xf]Og cg'ejaf6 hfGg'k5{ . :d[lt 1fg xf]Og t/ ;f/f ;+;f/ :d[ltnfO{ g} 1fg
dfGb5g\ . uLtf, j]b cflb s07 kfb}{df 1fg kfOFb}g . s07 t w]/} dfly 5 To;af6 s]jn lrgf/L
dfq x'G5 . hfGg'sf] cy{ cg'ej xf] cyf{t\ :jod\sf] 1fg xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d ltdLnfO{ h'g
k/d1fg atfpF5' ltdLn] To;nfO{ cg'ejaf6 hfGg ;Sof} eg] ltdL b'vsf] ;fu/af6 d'Qm x'g] 5f} .
of] 1fg ;a} ljBfx¿sf] /fhf, uf]kgLo, clt kljq / k|ToIf kmnjfnf Pjd\ wd{o'Qm 5 / ;fwgf
ug{nfO{ clt ;'ud / cljgfzL klg 5 .
1fg ;j{>]i7 x'gfn] o;eGbf c¿ >]i7 s]xL klg 5}g . of] /fhljBf ;d:t ljBfx¿df >]i7
xf] . cGo ljBfaf6 dflg;n] :jod\afx]s ;a} hfGg ;S5 t/ :jod\nfO{ hfGgsf nflu /fhljBfs}
cf>o lng'k5{ . olb :jod\nfO{ hfGg ;lsGg eg] Tof] ljBf kfpg'sf] s'g} cy{ /xGg . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– of] k/dlj1fg /fhljBf ePsfn] of] >]i7 5 / o;af6 :jod\nfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 . of]
/fhljBfsf] ;fwgf ug{ ;xh / ;'ud 5 . of] cljgfzL Pjd\ ;gftg klg 5 . o;sf] slxNo} hGd /
cGt x'Fb}g . of] 1fg;Fu ;+o'Qm x'g] JolQm cljgfzL x'G5 . /fhljBfsf] cEof; ug]{nfO{ of] ;'ud 5
t/ s]jn ;'Gg] JolQmsf nflu of] ;'ud x'Fb}g . JolQm ;Tkfq / bf]ifb[li6 /lxt 5 eg] dfq of] ;fwgf
;'ud x'G5 . dxfTdfu0f eG5g\– slno'udf elQm Hofb} ;xh / ;'ud ;fwg xf] t/ oyfy{df of]
egfO lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ 5 lsgeg] z'4 Åbo ePsf] JolQm ;Too'udf t kfpg sl7g x'G5 eg]
slno'udf kfpg t emg} sl7g x'G5 . k/dfTdf kfpgsf nflu cfkm"nfO{ g} ld6fpg tof/ x'g'k5{ /
Tof] Pp6f b':;fx; xf] . olb cfkm"nfO{ ld6fpg s'g} eQm tof/ 5 eg] elQmsf] dfu{ cToGt ;/n
Pjd\ ;'ud x'G5 . To;}n] t >Ls[i0f eQmsf nflu of] dfu{ / ;fwg ;'ud 5 eGg'x'G5 . ;fy} cEof;,
cg'ej / ;fwgf ug]{sf nflu of] dfu{ ;'ud x'G5 t/ ;'Gg]sf nflu eg] of] ofqf sl7g x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] k/dtk Û of] 1fg¿kL wd{df >4f/lxt k'?if dnfO{ k|fKt gu/L d[To'¿kL
rqmdf lg/Gt/ kl/e|d0f ul//xG5 . >4f/lxt dflg;n] ;'g]/ tyf hfg]/ dnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ k|of; u/]
klg k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . >4fo'Qm dflg; dfq …dÚ ;Dd cfOk'U5 . oyfy{df k/dfTdf;Dd k'Ug] dfu{
k|]d / >4fo'Qm Åbo xf] . >4fo'Qm Åbo eg]sf] e/f];fof]Uo Åbo xf] . h;/L Pp6f afns cfˆgf
lktfsf] xft ;dft]kl5 lglZrGt eP/ lxF8\g ;S5 To;/L g} >4fo'Qm e/f];f O{Zj/k|lt h;sf] x'G5
pm ToxfF;Dd k'Ug ;S5 . >4fo'Qm dflg;af6 sxLF e'n eof] eg] klg xflg x'Fb}g / c>4f x'g]
dflg;n] nfe u/] klg xflg g} x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– >4f/lxt JolQm …dÚ sxfF k'Ub}g / pm hGd
/ d[To'sf] rqmdf 3'ld/xG5 .
dof ttldb+ ;j{+ hubJoQmd"lt{gf .
dT:yflg ;j{e"tflg g rfx+ t]ijjl:ytM ..$..
…dÚ lg/fsf/ k/dfTdfaf6 of] a|xdf08 hnaf6 a/km h:tf] kl/k"0f{ 5 . ;Dk"0f{ hLj …dÚdf
;ª\sNksf cfwf/df l:yt 5g\ t/ …dÚ ltgLx¿df l:yt 5}g ..
g r dT:yflg e"tflg kZo d] of]ud}Zj/d\ .
e"te[Gg r e"t:yf] ddfTdf e"tefjgM ..%..
…dÚ åf/f g} ;+;f/ ;[lht eP/ kfngkf]if0fstf{ …dÚ g} eP klg ;a} k|f0fL …dÚdf l:yt 5}gg\ .
…dÚ ;j{JofkL 5' . d]/f] of]udfofsf] zlQmnfO{ x]/, d]/f] cfTdf jf:tjdf hut\sf k|f0fLx¿df /x]sf]
5}g ..

nf]suLtf– 362
 cWofo–(
oyfsfzl:ytf] lgTo+ jfo'M ;j{quf] dxfg\ .
tyf ;jf{l0f e"tflg dT:yfgLTo'kwf/o ..^..
h;/L cfsfzaf6 pTkGg zlQmzfnL jfo' ;j{q ljr/0f ub}{ cfsfzdf l:yt x'G5 To;/L g} …dÚ
af6 ;[li6 ePsf ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿ …dÚdf g} l:yt x'G5g\ ..
of] syg ctSo{, /x:odo tyf cfZro{k"0f{ 5 / o;nfO{ ul0ftsf] efiffdf a'‰g ;lsGg .
o;nfO{ hlt vf]h] klg cem /x:ok"0f{ x'G5 . To:t} ;To hlt hfGg vf]h] klg hfGg ;lsFb}g .
o;}sf/0fn] >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ >4fsf] s'/f klxn] eGg'ePsf] xf] . pxfFn] eGg'eof]– ltdL ca
>4fo'Qm 5f} . To;}n] …dÚ ltdLnfO{ uf]kgLo /x:osf af/]df eGg] 5' . h;sf] dg >4fn] el/Psf]
x'Fb}g p;nfO{ of] /x:o eGg' klg Joy{ x'G5 . o; k|;Ëdf k|j]z ug{'cl3 >4fsf ;DaGwdf s]xL s'/f
cem hfg]df dfq of] k|;Ë :ki6 x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ >4fsf] s'/f klxn] eGg'eof] /
>4fjfg\ JolQmnfO{ dfq uf]kgLo /x:o eG5' eGg'ePsf] xf] .
cl:tTjdf rf/ k|sf/sf] cfsif{0f x'G5 . cfsif{0f Pp6} x'G5 t/ o;sf cleJolQm rf/
k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . ;To Pp6} 5 t/ To;sf cfofd rf/j6f x'G5g\ . j}1flgsx¿ o; ;+;f/sf]
;+u7gdf h'g tŒjn] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 To; tŒjnfO{ r'DasLo pmhf{ eGb5g\ . oxL r'DasLo
zlQmsf sf/0f kbfy{ Ps–csf{;Fu 6fFl;G5g\ / Ps–csf{;Fu cfslif{t x'G5g\ . o;nfO{ ljB't\sf]
efiffdf wgfTds (Positive) / C0ffTds (Negative) pmhf{ elgG5 h;n] hut\sf] cl:tTjnfO{
afFw]sf] x'G5 . s'g} pmhf{sf] cfsif{0f ePg eg] kbfy{ klg ;+ul7t x'g ;Sb}g . Pp6f 9'Ëfsf] 6'qmfdf
c/af“}+ c0f'sf] hfn x'G5 hf] PsLs[t eP/ s'g} s]G›df afFlwPsf] x'G5 . cfsif{0fsf] vf]h ubf{ aflx/
b]lvGg t/ Ps–csf{;Fu afFlwP/ /x]sf] x'G5 .
Pp6f 9'ËfnfO{ cfsfzlt/ ˆofFSof“}+ eg] Tof] tnlt/ emb{5 . xhf/f}+“ jif{;Dd lsg tn em5{
eGg] pQ/ lyPg t/ Go'6gn] hldgn] cfkm"lt/ lvR5 eGg] vf]h u/] clg dfq Tof] lvrfOsf af/]df
yfxf eof] . k[YjLn] ;a} s'/fx¿nfO{ cfkm"lt/ tfG5 t/ Tof] lvrfO b]lvF+b}g, s]jn tflgg] kl/0ffd
dfq b]lvG5 . x/]s lrh hldglt/ lvlrG5g\ / Tof] lvrfOdf s'g} k|an cfsif{0fn] sfd ul//x]sf]
x'G5 hf] b]lvF+b}g t/ sfd ul//xG5 . hldgdf r'DasLo cfsif{0f 5 eGg] s'/f vf]hsf nflu ;xfos
l;4 eof] . lj1fg kbfy{sf] tn;Dd lvrfOnfO{ :jLsf/ u5{ oBlk Tof] lvRg] k4ltnfO{ s;}n] b]v]sf]
5}g . xfdL s]jn lvlrg] kl/0ffd dfq b]V5f}+“ . To:t} Pp6f r'Dassf] cufl8 kmnfdsf] 6'qmf /flvof]
eg] r'Dasn] kmnfdnfO{ cfkm"lt/ tfGb5 . Tof] tfg]sf] kl/0ffd t b]lvG5 t/ Tof] tfGg] zlQm
b]lvF+b}g lsgeg] tfGg] zlQm cb[Zo 5 . ha r'Dasn] tfG5 ta j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– tfGg] sfd hf/L
5 . To:t} k[YjLn] tfGbf klg j}1flgsx¿ tfGg] sfd hf/L 5 eG5g\ . Pp6f c0f'sf] 6'qmf klg 5l/Fb}g
/ s]G›n] g} c0f'nfO{ afFw]/ /fv]sf] x'G5 . Tof] afFw]/ /fVg] s]G› b]lvF+b}g, Tof] s]jn cg'dflgt dfq
x'G5 . t/ lj1fgnfO{ Tof] s]G›sf wgfTds / C0ffTds u/L b'O{ ljGb'x¿ x'G5g\ eGg] s'/fsf]
hfgsf/L 5 / oL b'j} ljGb'sf lardf cfsif{0f 5 . olb k|f0fLhfltdf k|o'St efiffdf eGg] xf] eg]
kbfy{df klg :qL Pjd\ k'?if tŒj x'G5 . oL b'j}sf] cfsif{0faf6 ;f/f cl:tTjsf] v]n x'G5 .
kbfy{af6 dfly p7\of}+ eg] oxL cfsif{0f :qL / k'?ifdf b]lvG5 / hLjg klg oxL pmhf{af6
afFlwP/ rn]sf] x'G5 . :qL / k'?if lardf klg hLjgsf] pmhf{n] Ps–csf{nfO{ cfslif{t u5{ / ToxL
cfsif{0f hLjgsf] k|jfx aG5 . kbfy{ / hLjg cfsif{0fn] afFlwPsf] x'G5 . :qL–k'?ifsf hut\df Tof]
cfsif{0f of}gsf] ¿kdf k|s6 x'G5 . of}g ljB't\ cfsif{0fsf] g} csf]{ hLjGt ¿k xf] . ha r'DasLo
pmhf{ hLjgdf k|fKt x'G5 ta of}g lgld{t x'G5 . To;eGbf dfly of}gafx]s cGo s]xL o:tf k|efjx¿

nf]suLtf– 363
cWofo–(
klg 5g\ h;sf] of}g;Fu slQ klg ;DaGw x'Fb}g To;nfO{ xfdL k|]d eG5f}F . kbfy{ kbfy{ larsf]
cfsif{0f ljB't\ xf], b'O{ z/L/larsf] cfsif{0f of}g xf] / b'O{ dglarsf] cfsif{0f k|]d xf] . To:t} b'O{
lghL{j kbfy{ larsf] cfsif{0f ljB't\ of r'DasLo pmhf{ xf] . b'O{ z/L/larsf] h}ljs cfsif{0f of}g
xf] . b'O{ dglarsf] cfsif{0fsf] gfd k|]d xf] / b'O{ cfTdfx¿ larsf] cfsif{0f >4f xf] . of] cfTdfx¿
larsf] >4f ;+;f/sf] ;j{>]i7 cfsif{0f xf] eg] r'DasLo cfsif{0f lgDg cfsif{0f xf] . t/ r'DasLo
cfsif{0f / cfTdfx¿ larsf] >4fsf] cfsif{0f klg b]Vg ;lsGg . r'DasLo cfsif{0f h:tf] :y"n s'/f
t b]Vg ;lsGg eg] >4f t b]Vg ;Sg] s'/} ePg t/ >4fsf] kl/0ffd eg] b]Vg ;lsG5 .
>4fsf] kl/0ffd dfq b]Vg ;lsG5 . hLjgdf zlQm b]lvF+b}g s]jn To;sf] kl/0ffd dfq
b]lvG5 . >4f Pp6f qmflGt xf] h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k JolQmsf] ¿kfGt/0f x'G5 . >4fn' JolQmsf]
hLjgdf Tof] ¿kfGt/0f b]lvPdf dfq JolQm >4fn' ePsf] kl/0ffd b]lvG5 . olb b'O{ kbfy{ cfk;df
ldn]gg\ eg] cl:tTj g} c:tJo:t eO{ 5l/P/ 6'lqmG5 . b'O{ dg cfk;df ldn]gg\ eg] o; hut\af6
;f/f ;f}Gbo{ g} x/fpF5 / 5l/G5 . k/:k/df b'O{ cfTdf ldn]gg\ eg] k/dfTdf x'g] s'g} cy{ g} /x+Fb}g .
>4fdf O{Zj/ x'G5 . O{Zj/ k|s6 x'gsf nflu rflxg] cfsif{0f g} >4f xf] . x/]s cfsif{0f ;[hgfTds
x'G5 . kbfy{sf] cfsif{0fn] tfg]/ ;+;f/sf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . dflg; olb klxnf] z/L/sf] cfsif{0faf6 dfly
p7]g eg] cflv/L cfsif{0f >4f;Dd k'Ug t cToGt sl7g x'G5 .
u'? / lziosf larsf] cfsif{0f >4f xf] . kbfy{sf] cfsif{0fdf klg :qL / k'?if x'G5g\ .
z/L/sf] cfsif{0fdf t :qL–k'?if geO{{ x'g} ;Sb}g . b'O{ dgsf] cfsif{0fdf klg :qL / k'?if x'G5g\ .
jf:tjdf hxfF d]n 3l6t x'G5 ToxfF :qL–k'?ifsf] c+z df}h'b x'G5 . ha >4f hlGdG5, ta >4fsf]
w/ftndf klg :qL / k'?if df}h'b x'G5g\ . :qL–k'?ifsf] ljefhgdf zf/Ll/s / h}ljs dfq xf]Og ;f/f
cl:tTj g} afFl8Psf] 5 . To;}n] s[i0fnfO{ k|]d ug]{x¿ pgnfO{ dfq k'?if 7fG5g\ . s[i0f dfq hut\sf
k'?if x'g\ eGg'sf] sf/0f c¿ ;a} k|]ddf :q}0f / >Ls[i0f k'?if x'g'x'G5 eGg] xf] . s[i0fsf eQmx¿
cflTds tndf s[i0f dfq k'?if / c¿ ;a} eQmx¿ :qL x'G5g\ . k'?if Tof] xf] h;n] cfkm"lt/ lvR5
/ dlxnf tL x'g\ hf] ;dlk{t x'g ;lS5g\ . u'? / lziolarsf] ;dk{0fsf] cy{ oxL xf] .
ch{'gdf >4fo'Qm efj ljsl;t ePsf] cg'ej u/]kl5 dfq >Ls[i0fn] pgnfO{ uDeL/ s'/f
eGb} x'g'x'G5 . >4f g} ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf 7'nf] 5nfª xf] / >4fjfg\df g} cfTdqmflGt 3l6t x'G5 .
ch{'gnfO{ cfTdqmflGtsf] åf/df b]v]/ >Ls[i0fn] eGg'eof]– …d]/f]Ú cJoQm :j¿kaf6 of] ;a} ;+;f/
kl/k"0f{ 5 . of] pN6f] k|tLt x'g] egfO h;nfO{ ts{n] gdfGg ;S5 t/ ;To oxL xf] . o; ;+;f/df
gx'g'kg]{ s'/fx¿ klg eO/x]sf 5g\, of] g} ;+;f/df O{Zj/ x'gfsf] k|df0f / rdTsf/ xf] . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– d]/f] cJoQm :j¿k jf z/L/df ;a} hut\ kl/k"0f{ 5 . hut\ JoQm 5 t/ >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– d]/f] cJoQm :j¿kaf6 of] hut\ kl/k"0f{ 5 . of] ;+;f/ hf] ;fsf/, ;u'0f / ¿kn] el/Psf]
5 To;nfO{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o;leq d]/f] c¿k n's]sf] 5 / ToxL c¿kaf6 ;f/f ;+;f/ k|s6 5 .
d]/f] lgu{'0f, lg/fsf/, cJoQm / cb[Zo :j¿kaf6 of] ;a} JoQm ePsf] 5 .
>Ls[i0f …dÚ cJoQm :j¿kaf6 hf] JoQm 5 To;df g} …dÚ kl/k"0f{ 5' eGg'x'G5 . ¿kleq d]/f]
g} c¿k 5, cfsf/leq lg/fsf/ 5 / b[Zoleq …dÚ g} cb[Zo 5' eGg'x'G5 . h'g JolQmdf >4f x'G5
p;n] oL ;a} s'/f tTsfn :jLsf/ u5{ . o;df ;lDemgsf nflu a'l4sf] k|of]u ul//xg' kb}{g t/
>4f 5}g eg] s[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] s'/f a'l4nfO{ dfGg sl7g x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu hGd / d[To' b'j}
…dÚ g} x'F eGg] s'/f ul0ft / ts{sf b[li6n] unt x'G5 lsgeg] xfd|f] ;f]rdf Tof] ljk/Lt nfUb5 .
j:t'tM hGd / d[To' ljk/Lt xf]Ogg\ lsgeg] cl:tTjdf b'j} hf]l8Psf 5g\ / oL Pp6} s'/fsf b'O{
lsgf/f x'g\ . hLjgdf hGd Pp6f lsgf/f / d[To' csf]{ lsgf/f xf] . xfdL cGwsf/ / k|sfz ljk/Lt
nf]suLtf– 364
 cWofo–(
x'g\ eGg] ;f]R5f}F t/ oL ljk/Lt geP/ Pp6} s'/fsf b'O{ kf6f dfq x'g\ . cFWof/f];Fu ghf]l8Psf] k|sfz
x'Fb}g / k|sfz;Fu ghf]l8Psf] cGwsf/ x'Fb}g . oL b'j} Pp6} j:t'sf b'O{ lsgf/f x'g\ . o; s'/fnfO{
dgg ug]{ xf] eg] s[i0fsf] sygnfO{ a'‰g ;lsG5 . k/dfTdf ;fsf/ / lg/fsf/ b'j} xf] lsgeg]
k/dfTdf cl:tTjsf] ;+o'Qm Joj:yf xf] . ;fsf/ ¿ksf] k/dfTdf lg/fsf/sf] g} Pp6f lsgf/f xf] .
;u'0f / lgu{'0f Pp6} cl:tTjsf b'O{ lsgf/f x'g\ h;nfO{ xfdL ¿k eG5f}+“, Tof] c¿ksf] g} Ps lx:;f
xf] . c¿ksf] Ps lx:;f hf] OlG›osf] lgoGq0fdf cfpF5 p;nfO{ xfdL ¿k dfG5f“}+ / ¿ksf] klg
Pp6f lx:;f hf] xfd|f] OlG›osf] lgoGq0feGbf aflx/ 5 To;nfO{ c¿k elgG5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d]/f] cJoQm :j¿kaf6 of] ;f/f ;+;f/ kl/k"0f{ 5 . …d]/f]Ú lg/fsf/ oL ;a}
cfsf/df n's]sf] 5 . …dÚ g} oL kbfy{sf] cfwf/ xF' . ;a} k|f0fL …dÚdf l:yt 5g\ / of] ;f/f ;+;f/ h'g
b]lvG5 Tof] ;a} …dÚ df l:yt 5 . >Ls[i0f tTsfn k'gM eGg'x'G5– ;a} k|f0fL …dÚdf l:yt 5g\ t/ …dÚ
pgLx¿df l:yt 5}g . olb ;a} k|f0fL k/dfTdfdf l:yt 5g\ eg] Pjd\ k/dfTdf g} ;a}df k|s6
eO/x]sf] 5 eg] …dÚ pgLx¿ -k|f0fL_ df 5}g eGg'n] xfd|f] ts{df b'lawf k}bf x'G5 . s[i0fsf] egfO
dfGg >4fjfg\nfO{ s'g} sl7gfO x'Fb}g lsgeg] >4fo'Qm dflg;n] ts{ p7fpFb}g t/ ljrf/k|wfg
JolQmx¿nfO{ of] a'‰g sl7g x'G5 . ;fgf] j[Q Pp6f 7'nf] j[Qleq l:yt x'G5 t/ 7'nf] jt{'n lj/f6\
x'Fbf ;fgf]df l:yt x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] ;fgf] jt{'neGbf 7'nf] jt{'n w]/} aflx/;Dd km}lnPsf] x'G5 .
hLjgsf] Pp6f lgod 5 Tof] s] xf] eg] 5'› j:t' lj/f6\df l:yt x'G5 t/ lj/f6\ 5'›df x'Fb}g .
;fu/n] eGg ;S5– ;f/f gbLx¿ ddf l:yt 5g\ t/ klg d gbLx¿df 5}g . lj/f6\ ;bf 5'›sf] kf/
x'G5 . of] >]i7tf jf pTs[i6tfsf] ;txnfO{ kf/ ug]{ ;"q xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL d]/f] of]unfO{ x]/ / d]/f] dfofnfO{ hfg ls ;d:t k|f0fLx¿sf] wf/0f–
kf]if0f ug]{jfnf eP/ klg …dÚ k|f0fLx¿df l:yt 5}g . cfsfzaf6 pTkGg jfo' ;j{q ljr/0f u/]/ klg
;bf cfsfzdf g} l:yt x'G5 l7s To:t} ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL …dÚdf l:yt 5g\ t/ …dÚ pgLx¿df l:yt 5}g .
pxfFsf] jQmJosf af/]df ljrf/ ubf{ Pskl5 csf]{nfO{ vl08t u/] h:tf] nfU5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{
eGg'x'G5 …dÚ ctSo{ x'F . ltdLn] h] 7fg]sf 5f}, …dÚ Tof] xf]Og“ . ltdLn] dnfO{ hfg]/ klg hfGg
;Sb}gf}≤ To;}n] ltdL hfGg / 7fGg 5f]8 . ltdLn] ul0ftsf] :d/0f Pjd\ ts{ 5f]8]kl5 dfq dnfO{
hfGg ;S5f} lsgeg] …dÚ t ctSo{ x'F . ctSo{ cyf{t\ …dÚ /x:o x'F / /x:onfO{ s'g} klg l;4fGt /
lgodn] hfGg / 3]g{ ;lsFb}g .
a'l4n] ha hLjgsf] ;TonfO{ kqmg vf]H5 ta ;To tTsfn km'lTsG5 . s[i0fn] clxn];Dd
u/]sf] cg'ej eGg] xf] eg] ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ afFWg] k|of; ub}{ 5g\ . pxfFnfO{ ts{ jf ljrf/df afFWg
;lsof] eg] of] o'4af6 5'6\sf/f kfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ch{'gsf] cfzo 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] ;a}
dfof xf] . To;f] xf] eg] ch{'g eG5g\– dnfO{ lsg dfofdf cNemfpg'x'G5 < >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– oL s'g}
klg df/]/ db}{gg\ . ta ch{'g eG5g\– olb df/]/ klg db}{gg\ eg] dfg{'df g} s] ;f/ 5 < pxfF oz /
k|lti7fsf nflu n8 eGg'x'G5 ptf ch{'gsf] hjfkm 5 ls oz / k|lti7f t cxª\sf/ g} x'g\ . xh'/ g}
eGg'x'G5 cxª\sf/ afwf xf] . pxfF wd{sf nflu n8 eGg'x'G5 hjfkmdf ch{'gsf] a'l4n] eG5 daf6
s;/L wd{sf] :yfkgf x'g ;S5 lsgeg] wd{;+:yfks t xh'/ g} x'g'x'G5 . s[i0fn] h'g s'/f eGg'eP
klg ch{'g ts{ / a'l4n] pxfFnfO{ afFWg rfxG5g\ lsgeg] ToxL s'/fdf ch{'gn] cfˆgf] 5'6\sf/f b]v]sf
5g\ .
>Ls[i0fn] ch{'gsf] Ps Ps ts{sf] hjfkm lbP/ pgnfO{ ts{xLg agfpFb} of] cj:yfdf
k'¥ofpg' ePsf] xf] . ca pgL a'l4;Fu ;DalGwt cGo k|Zg p7fpg] cj:yfdf 5}gg\ . ch{'gsf] of]
cj:yf b]v]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ca …dÚ ltdLnfO{ …dÚ h:tf] 5' ToxL atfpF5' . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–

nf]suLtf– 365
cWofo–(
b]lvPsf oL ;a} s'/fdf …dÚ cb[Zo ¿kdf n's]sf] 5' . of] ;f/f ;+;f/ …dÚdf l:yt eP/ a;]sf] 5 t/
…dÚ o;df l:yt 5}g . ljrf/jfg\ dflg;x¿ of] egfO ;'g]/ b'lawfdf kb{5g\ t/ >4fjfg\ JolQmnfO{
km/s kb}{g / pm c6n /xG5 . pxfFn] oL s'/f klxn] g} eGg'ePsf] eP ch{'gn] xhf/f}+ k|Zgx¿
ts{k"0f{ ¿kdf p7fpFy] t/ clxn] pgL r'krfk 5g\ . clxn] pgL s[i0f;Fu afRg] sf]l;; ub}{ 5g\ .
>Ls[i0fsf] pkl:ylt ca pgsf nflu d"Nojfg\ ePsf] 5 / pgL cfˆgf] åf/ vf]n]/ s[i0fnfO{
cfTd;\ft\ ug]{ k|of; ub}{ 5g\ .
dgf]ljb\x¿ k|]d / 3[0ff Pp6} xf] eG5g\ . cl:tTjdf ljk/Ltkg ;+o'Qm ¿kdf df}h'b x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f ToxL eGg'x'G5– …dÚ b'j} x'F . hxfF hxfF ltdL ljk/Lttf b]V5f}, ToxfF tL b'j} ¿k …dÚ g} x'F .
;gftg wd{afx]s ;+;f/sf s'g} klg wd{n] ljk/LttfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5}g . hGd–d[To' b'j}
k/dfTdfsf Pp6} ¿k x'g\ . O:nfd, lqml:rog wd{ åGånfO{ dfg]/ rNb5g\ . t/ ;gftg lrGtgn]
dfq åGånfO{ cfTd;\ft\ u5{ . o; ;+;f/df of] PSnf] wd{ xf] h;n] g/fd|f]sf nflu csf]{ s'g} s'/fsf]
5gf]6 u/]sf] 5}g . xfdL bfgjnfO{ klg k/dfTdfsf] ljk/Lt dfGb}gf}+“ / bfgjsf] cnu sNkgf klg
ub}{gf}+“ . ox'bL lrGtgdf /fd|f] sfd k/dfTdfsf] / g/fd|f] sfd bfgjsf] xf] eGg] pNn]v 5 . To;}n]
pgLx¿ k/dfTdf c;n s'/fsf] k|tLs xf] eGg] dfGb5g\ . cª\u|]hL zAb God klg Good sf] g}
¿kfGt/0f xf] . pgLx¿sf nflu k/dfTdf s]jn z'e xf] / cz'e /fIf; jf bfgj xf] . t/ xfd|f]
k/dfTdf c;n / v/fa b'j} x'g\ . xfdL pgnfO{ ;[li6stf{ / ljgfzs b'j} dfGb5f“}+ . xfd|f] dfGotf
k/dfTdfn] g} agfpF5 / p;}n] d]6fpF5 eGg] 5 . xfdLn] cw{gf/LZj/sf] k|ltdf agfof}+“, hxfF lzj
cfwf k'?if / cfwf gf/L x'g'x'G5 . ;+;f/df o:tf] sNkgf sxLF klg 5}g . Ps JolQm b'j} s;/L x'g
;S5 eg]/ ts{ ug{ ;lsG5 t/ k|To]s JolQmdf oL b'j} ¿k Ps ;fy x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] ;f/f ;+;f/ …dÚdf ;dflxt 5 t/ klg …dÚ o;df 5}g . To:t} ;f/f
kfkLx¿ klg …dÚdf ;dflxt 5g\ t/ …dÚ pgLx¿df 5}g . ;f/f kfk …dÚ leq g} eO/x]sf] 5 t/ klg
…dÚ Tof] kfkdf 5}g . of] åGåftLt b'j}nfO{ kf/ u/]/ :jLsf/ ug]{ ;gftg wd{sf] ljz]iftf xf] .
ch{'gnfO{ ;DemfP/ / kmsfP/ o'4df k7fpg k|oTgzLn s[i0fsf] JolQmTj cGo wd{n] a'‰g ;s]sf
5}gg\ . s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ltdL dHhfn] sf6 / df/ eGg'x'G5 . clx+;fsf] k/d s'/f klg ug]{ / lx+;fsf
nflu ch{'gnfO{ wSsf klg lbg] oL b'O{ ljk/Lt s'/f s;/L Psdf x'g ;S5g\ eGg] ;DaGwdf
pgLx¿n] a'‰g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . of] åGåftLt cj:yfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ vf]h ;gftgLx¿sf] uxg vf]h
xf] . o; sygdf >Ls[i0f oxL eGg'x'G5– ltdL d]/f] ¿knfO{ b'O{ lj/f]wx¿df gafF8 . …dÚ b'j} ¿k /
c¿kdf df}h'b 5' . d"t{–cd"t{, kbfy{–k/dfTdfdf klg …dÚ g} 5' . …dÚ oL ;a}df eP/ klg oL
;a}eGbf aflx/ 5' . oL ;a}df eP/ klg …dÚ logLx¿df 8'a]sf] 5}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ g} n8\5'
/ …dÚ g} n8fpF5' t/ klg …dÚ o;df 5}g .
;j{e"tflg sf}Gt]o k|s[lt+ oflGt dfldsfd\ .
sNkIfo] k'g:tflg sNkfbf} lj;[hfDoxd\ ..&..
x] sf}Gt]o Û sNksf] cGTodf k|f0fL;lxtsf] ;du| ef}lts ;[li6 d]/f] k|s[ltdf ljnLg x'G5 clg
csf]{ sNksf] k|f/Dedf …dÚ ToxL ef}lts hut\sf] ;[li6 ub{5' ..
k|s[lt+ :jfdji6Eo lj;[hfld k'gM k'gM .
e"tu|fdldd+ s[T:gdjz+ k|s[t]j{zft\ ..*..
of] ;du| ;+;f/ d]/f] cwLgdf 5 . o;nfO{ sNksf] k|f/Dedf …dÚ ;[li6 ub{5' / cGTodf ljgfz
klg ub{5' ..

nf]suLtf– 366
 cWofo–(
g r df+ tflg sdf{l0f lgaWglGt wg~ho .
pbf;Lgjbf;Lgd;Qm+ t]if' sd{;' ..(..
x] wg~ho Û tL ;Dk"0f{ sd{k|lt t6:y /x]/ cgf;Qm ePsfn] dnfO{ tL sd{n] aGwgdf
kfb}{gg\ ..
oL sygx¿ dg'iosf] lrGtgdf h'g d"ne"t k|Zg 5 To;;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . dg'ion]
lg/Gt/ of] ;[li6 s;/L lgld{t x'G5 / s;/L nLg x'G5 eGg] s'/f hfGg rfx]sf] 5 . o;sf] lgdf{tf
sf] xf], s;n] o;nfO{ ;XdfN5 / s;n] o;sf] ljgfz u5{, of] sxfF ljnLg x'G5 eGg] ;DaGwdf
dg'io hfGg rfxG5g\ . of] hut\ s;n] s;/L agfpF5, o;sf] s'g} k|f/De / k|of]hg 5 ls 5}g <
;fy} o;sf] cGt s;/L x'G5 eGg] s'/f klg dg'io hfGg rfxG5g\ . of] hut\ Pp6f Joj:yf xf] jf
c/fhs ;+of]u dfq xf] eGg] k|Zgx¿ dg'iosf] lh1f;fsf] d"n ljifo /x]sf 5g\ / oL k|Zgx¿sf]
pQ/ xfd|f] hLjg;Fu hf]l8Psf 5g\ . hLjg Pp6f c/fhs ;+of]u jf b'3{6gf dfq xf], oxfF s'g}
Joj:yf / nIo 5}g eGg] ljrf/sx¿ klg 5g\ . o:tf] b[li6nfO{ dfGg]jfnfx¿sf] hLjg eg] lglZrt
¿kdf b'3{6gfdo x'G5 lsgeg] o:tf JolQmn] hLjgnfO{ c/fhs agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf 5g\ .
dg'iosf] r]tgfn] :jefjtM Joj:yfnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5 . o; hut\df s'g} Joj:yf ePdf dfq
xfdL t[Kt x'g ;S5f}+“ lsgeg] xfd|f] k|f0fsf] ulx/fOn] Joj:yfsf] dfu ub{5 . of] dfusf] kl/0ffd g}
O{Zj/sf] wf/0ff xf] . O{Zj/sf] wf/0ffsf] cy{ g} hut\ c/fhs xf]Og Jojl:yt 5 eGg] xf] . oxfF h]
x'G5 To;sf] k|of]hg 5, ;'lgof]lht of]hgf 5 / of] uGtJoxLg 5}g . oxfF h] b]lvG5 Tof] ;f+of]lus
xf]Og sfo{ / sf/0fn] afFlwPsf] 5 . O{Zj/sf] cl:tTj;DaGwL wf/0ffsf] klxnf] df}lns cfwf/ g} oxL
xf] . dg'ion] h] u/] klg ljrf/ Joj:yfsf] ljkIfdf hfg} ;Sb}g . ljrf/ :jod\ g} Joj:yfsf] cfwf/
xf] . ;f]Rg] ;Demfpg] cy{ g} k|of]hgsf sf/0fn] x'G5 . hLjgdf ;a} s'/fsf] k|of]hg 5 . Pp6f ;fgf]
k/df0f'b]lv cfsfzdf pbfpg] eLdsfo tf/fx¿df klg Pp6f uxg l;h{gf / k|of]hg 5 . xfd|f]
z/L/sf xftv'§f / cGo s'/fx¿df klg Pp6f cGt/Joj:yf x'G5 . logLx¿ s]jn hf]8 xf]Og,
logLx¿leq Pstf 5 / Tof] Pstf g} h}ljs Pstf xf] . of] hut\ j:t'sf] ;d"x xf]Og, Pp6f cGt/–
P]Sotf xf] . ;f/f hut\leq cGt/ Pstf df}h'b 5 . Pp6f j[If a9\g', cfsfzdf tf/f rNg', jiff{ x'g',
gbL ;fu/lt/ bf}8g', ;"o{ laxfg pbfpg' / /flqdf rG›df cfsfzdf ofqf ug{' oL ;a} cnu cnu
36gfx¿sf hf]8 xf]Ogg\ . oL ;a}sf lardf Pstf / cGt/Joj:yf JofKt 5 / of] cGt/Joj:yfsf]
gfd g} O{Zj/ xf] .
O{Zj/ JolQm xf]Og cGt/Joj:yf xf] . ;d:t JolQmx¿sf larsf] cGt/Joj:yfsf] gfd O{Zj/
xf] / Tof] cGt/Joj:yf cb[Zo 5 . d]/f] xft / dlardf Pp6f cGt/Joj:yf eP h:t} ljrf/ /
xftsf] lardf klg cb[Zo cGt/Joj:yf 5 . o:tf] cGt/Joj:yfsf] hut\nfO{ gb]Vg' d"9tf Pjd\
gfl:tstf xf] . h;n] o; hut\df cGt/ Joj:yf / cfTdf b]Vb}g,p;n] cfkm"leqsf] cfTdf b]Vg] t
k|Zg g} ePg . pm s]jn Pp6f j:t'x¿sf] hf]8 dfq x'G5 . rfjf{sn] eg]sf 5g\– dg'io s]jn Ps
j:t'x¿sf] hf]8 xf] / p;leq cfTdf elgg] s'g} j:t' 5}g . dg'ionfO{ sf6]/ x]¥of] eg] sxLF klg Tof]
cGt/Joj:yf b]lvF+b}g lsgeg] of] cGt/Joj:yf cb[Zo 5 . To;}n] k/dfTdf cb[Zo 5 . k/dfTdf of]
;f/f hut\sf] hLjGt hf]8 xf] / oxfF Pp6f kft klg ta;Dd xlNnFb}g ha;Dd k"/f hut\sf] ;fy
x'Fb}g . oxfF Ps zAb klg k"/f hut\sf] cGt/Joj:yfsf] ;xof]u geO{{ af]Ng ;lsF+b}g . bz s/f]8
dfOn k/ /x]sf] ;"o{;Fu xfd|f] Zjf; hf]l8Psf] 5 . h'g lbg ;"o{ /xF+b}g Tof] lbg xfdL klg ;dfKt
x'g] 5f}+“ . hut\ Pp6f cGt/;DaGw / kl/jf/ xf] . O{Zj/sf] dfGotfsf] cy{ hut\nfO{ Pp6f kl/jf/sf]

nf]suLtf– 367
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¿kdf b]Vg' xf] . xfd|f] r]tgfn] Joj:yfsf] dfu lg/Gt/ ul//xG5 lsgeg] Joj:yf r]tgfsf] Kof; xf]
/ O{Zj/ Kof;sf] clGtd pQ/ xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sNksf] cGtdf ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL d]/f] k|s[ltdf g} k|fKt x'G5g\, d]/} k|s[ltdf no
x'G5g\ / sNksf] k|f/Dedf …dÚ pgLx¿nfO{ k'glg{df{0f ub{5' . of] k[YjLsf] Ps Ps OGrdf
agfpg]jfnfsf] 5fk kfpg ;lsG5 . oxfFsf Pp6} s'/f klg lgik|of]hg 5}gg\ . k|To]s s'/fsf]
lgdf{0fdf cg'kft 5 . o:tf] b]v]/ a'em]/ klg olb xfdL hut\ lgdf{tfnfO{ gsfb{5f}+“ eg] xfdL cfFvf
ePsf] cGwf] dfq l;4 x'G5f“}+ . Pp6f ;fgf] aLhnfO{ tf]8]/ x]¥of}+“ eg] ljzfn j[Ifsf] vfsf ToxfF
b]lvF+b}g t/ Tof] aLhnfO{ hldgdf /f]Kg] xf] eg] cª\s'l/t eP/ Tof] ljzfn j[If tof/ x'G5 . ha of]
j[If k"0f{ x'G5 ta oxL j[Ifn] s/f]8f“}+ aLhx¿ lgld{t u5{ . Pp6f aLhsf] leq klg Joj:yf /
eljiosf] k"/f ¿k/]vf 5 . cfdfsf] sf]vdf aRrfsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu klxn] c0f'df g} p;sf] k"/f
eljiosf] ¿k/]vf to x'G5 h;nfO{ a'l4n] nfv pkfo u/]/ klg kQf nufpg ;Sb}g . olt ;fgf]
aLhdf j[Ifsf] o:tf] dfu{lrq n's]sf] 5 . To;}n] Ps yf]kf jLo{df dg'iosf] dfu{lrq to x'G5 eg]
of] hut\sf] klg t s'g} dfu{lrq x'g}k5{ . ;f/f hut\sf] ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yf / km}nfj6 klg s'g} c0f'df
g} n's]sf] x'g'k5{ Tof] c0f'sf] gfd k/dfTdf xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 …dÚ g} o;nfO{ ;[hgf u5{' / …dÚ
g} km]l/ o;nfO{ cfkm"df nLg ub{5' .
Pp6f aLhdf j[If n's]sf] x'G5 . aLhaf6 j[If lgdf{0f x'G5 / j[If km]l/ ToxL aLhdf g} nLg
x'G5 . k|yd / clGtd If0f ;bf Ps x'G5 / hxfFaf6 ofqf ;'? x'G5, ToxLF ofqf ;dfKt x'G5 .
aLhaf6 ofqf ;'? x'G5 / aLhdf g} ofqf ;dfKt x'G5 . of] ;f/f lj/f6\ cl:tTjnfO{ olb xfdLn]
Pp6f OsfO dfGof}+“ eg] of] OsfOsf] klg d"n sxLF n's]sf] x'g'kb{5 . xfdLn] aLh km'6fof“}+ eg] ToxfF
j[If kfOFb}g . To;}u/L xfdLn] dfgjsf] sf]i7nfO{ tf]8\of“}+ eg] klg To;df dfgj kfOFb}g . Pp6f
lglZrt s'/f s] xf] eg] aLhdf cb[Zo ¿kdf j[If n's]sf] 5 / sf]i7df dg'io cb[Zo 9Ëaf6 n's]sf]
x'G5 . o;/L n's]sf] 5 ls ha;Dd k|s6 x'Fb}g, To;sf af/]df yfxf g} x'Fb}g . O{Zj/sf] hfgsf/L
xfdLnfO{ ta dfq x'G5 ha s'g} cy{df pm xfd|f nflu k|s6 x'g yfNb5, cGoyf To; a]nf;Dd yfxf
x'Fb}g . oxfF s'g} klg s'/f csf/0f x'Fb}g / k|To]s s'/fsf] sf/0f x'G5 .
8fla{gn] klxnf] k6s ljsf;sf] l;4fGt klZrdnfO{ lbFbf O;fO{ wdf{jnDaLx¿n] o;sf] lj/f]w
u/]sf lyP . o;sf] sf/0f pgLx¿nfO{ ljsf; wd{sf] nflu afwf x'G5 eGg] nfu]sf] lyof] t/ lxGb"
lrGtsx¿ ;gftgb]lv ljsf;nfO{ wd{sf] cfwf/ dfGb5g\ lsgeg] ljsf;sf] sf/0fn] g} hut\df
k/dfTdf 5 eGg] s'/f yfxf x'G5 . hut\ uxg OR5fn] k|efljt eP/ ultdfg\ eO/x]sf] 5, oxfF
k|To]s s'/f al9/x]sf] Pjd\ dfly pl7/x]sf] 5 / of] ljsf; gkmls{g] lsl;dsf] 5 . Pp6f aRrfnfO{
xfdL k'gM aRrf agfpg ;Sb}gf“}+ . xfdLn] hfg]sf] s'/fnfO{ la;{g jf x6fpg ;Sb}gf“}+ lsgeg] Tof]
xfd|f] cfTdfsf] ;'lglZrt lx:;f alg;s]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] o; hut\df xfdL h] ePsf 5f}+“, To;eGbf
tn emg{ ;Sb}gf}+“ . ;+;f/ ;'lglZrt ljsf;sf] qmd xf] . olb ;+;f/ ljsf; xf] eg] o;sf] cy{ hLjg
sxLF k'Ug vf]lh/x]sf] 5 eGg] xf] . hLjgsf] s'g} uGtJo 5, To;}n] t pm ofqf ul//x]sf] 5 . xfd|f]
k|To]s s[To xfdLnfO{ ljsl;t ug]{ lbzfdf ;+nUg 5 . s'g} ljsf;sf] sbd rfNg' g} xfd|f] hLjgsf]
cfgGbsf] If0f x'G5 . ha xfd|f] r]tgf s'g} gofF r/0fnfO{ cfTd;\ft\ u5{, ta pm cfgGbn] el/G5 .
ha xfd|f] r]tgf cj?4 x'G5, ta xfdL leq b'v, kL8f Pjd\ lrGtfsf] cg'e"lt x'G5 .
d'lQmsf] cg'ej ljsf;sf] r/0fdf x'G5 . ha aRrf klxnf]k6s lxF8\g yfNb5, ta p;df
k|km'Nntfsf] s'g} ;Ldf g} x'Fb}g . ha aRrf cg]s k|of;kl5 n8v8fpFb} klxnf] sbd hldgdf
/fVb5, ta ljsf;sf] qmd ;'? eP/ cfTdfnfO{ Pp6f gofF e/f];f / >4f k|fKt x'G5 . To; If0fdf

nf]suLtf– 368
 cWofo–(
klxnf]k6s cfTdfn] cfˆgf] zlQm lrGb5 . ca of] aRrf k"j{jt\ cj:yfdf slxNo} x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg]
p;df 7'nf] pmhf{sf] k|fb'ef{j eO;s]sf] x'G5 . h'g lbg aRrf klxnf] k6s af]Nb5, p;sf]
k|km'Nntfsf] cGt g} x'Fb}g . Tof] If0f cfTdfn] cfkm"nfO{ cleJoQm ug]{ ;fwg h'6fpF5 . ca aRrf
cfkm" df}g jf aGb cj:yfdf gePsf] cg'ej af/Daf/ af]n]/ JoQm ub{5 . ca d]/f] cfTdf aflx/
hfg ;Sb5 / c¿;Fu ;+jfb ug{ ;S5' eGg] p;df efg x'G5 . aRrf gofF b'lgofFsf] ofqf ;'? ub{5,
ljsf;sf] Ps r/0f To;kl5 ;'? x'G5 . xfdL k|ltkn ljsf;zLn 5f}+“, Ps JolQm dfq xf]Og k"/f
;+;f/ ljsf;zLn 5 .
of] ljsf;sf] cgGt wf/f hut\df eP h:t} hut\df O{Zj/sf] cgGt wf/f 5 . ljsf;sf]
clGtd ;Defjgf O{Zj/ xf] . of] ;+;f/ Pp6f ;'lglZrt ljGb'lt/ ofqf ub}{ 5 . xfdL hlt;'s}
dfu{af6 Ro't eP klg k'gM p7\5f“}+ / cl3 a9\5f}+“ . xfdL lglZrt lbzftkm{ lvFlrP/ cl3 al9/x]sf 5f“}+
/ dfgj r]tgf ljsl;t eO/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f rf/}lt/ h] 5, Tof] cl:tTj xf] . cl:tTjsf] s]G› hLjg
xf] . cl:tTj g} hLjgsf nflu 5 eGg' cem pko'Qm x'G5 . hLjgsf] s]G› lrGtg, dgg / ljrf/ xf]
/ dgsf] s]G› r}tGo xf] . To;}n] cl:tTj xfd|f] cfwf/ / r}tGo lzv/ xf] . r}tGosf] s]G› k/dfTdf
xf] . r]tgf ha k/dfTdfn] el/G5 ta lbJotf k|fKt x'G5 / Pp6f gofF csNkgLo cfgGb k|fKt eP/
cd[tsf] jiff{ x'G5≤ of] cj:yf g} dxflzv/sf] cg'ej xf] .
oL kfFr– cl:tTj, hLjg, dg, r]tgf / k/dfTdf hut\sf cgGt wf/f x'g\ . k/dfTdf lzv/
cg'ej xf] . hf] cGtdf k|s6 x'G5 Tof] klxn] g} df}h'b x'g'kb{5 cGoyf k|s6 x'g ;Sb}g . cGtdf
ToxL k|s6 x'G5 hf] k|yddf df}h'b x'G5 . of] hLjgsf zfZjt lgodx¿dWo] Ps xf] . t;y{ cGt
k|ydsf] cleJolQm xf] . k/dfTdf klxnf] ePsf]n] pm cGtdf klg k|s6 x'G5 . k/dfTdf hLjgsf]
lzv/ cg'ej ePsfn] pm k|yddf klg df}h'b x'g}k5{ . o; ;TonfO{ hflgof] eg] s[i0fn] eGg'ePsf]
s'/f a'‰g ;lhnf] x'g] 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sNksf] cGTodf ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿ d]/f] k|s[ltnfO{ k|fKt
x'G5g\ / cGtdf ;a} s'/f O{Zj/Lo x'G5 . cGt Tof] k/d cj:yf xf] hxfF ljsf;sf] ofqfaf6 u'lh|P/
cflv/L dlGb/df k'luG5 . ToxfF ;a} s'/f s[i0fdf nLg x'G5 lsgeg] pxfF g} k|yd / cGt xf] .
sNksf] cGtdf ;a} k|f0fL s[i0fs} k|s[ltdf ljnLg x'G5g\ .
d]/f] x'g' hf] d]/f] :jefj xf]≤ cGtdf ;a} s'/f To;df g} nLg x'G5 . To;}n] sNk cGt dfq
xf]Og xfd|f] nIo klg xf] . Tof] ;dflKt / k"0f{tf klg xf] . x/]s k"0f{tfsf] ;dflKt x'G5 . ha ;f/f
hLjg ljsl;t eP/ k|e';dIf k'Ub5 ta hut\ lt/f]lxt eP/ s]jn k"0f{ r]tgf dfq z]if /xG5 . of]
Ps sNksf] cGTo xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sNksf] k|f/Dedf …dÚ OlG›ox¿nfO{ k'gM /Rb5' / k'gM
pgLx¿sf] lgdf{0f ub{5' . of] lgdf{0f klg ljsf;sf] gofF ofqf xf] . …dÚ cfˆgf] lqu'0fdoL k|s[ltnfO{
cËLsf/ u/L :jefjsf] jzaf6 k/tGq eP/ of] ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL ;d'bfonfO{ af/Daf/ pgLx¿sf]
sd{cg';f/ /rgf ub{5' . Tof] /rgf k|To]s JolQmsf] sd{cg';f/ x'G5 lsgeg] k|To]s JolQm h] u5{
pm p:t} x'G5 . ;a} k|f0fL ;d'bfo h] h] u/]/ u'lh|G5 ToxL ug{' p;sf] cfTdf aGb5 / ToxL cfTdfn]
gofF hGdsf] ¿k lbG5 . ToxL ¿k p;sf] hGd / gofF hLjgsf] dfu{lrq x'G5 . of] s]jn JolQmnfO{
dfq nfu" x'g] xf]Og ;d:t hut\nfO{ klg oxL lgod nfu" x'G5 . ha j[Ifdf aLh k}bf x'G5, ta
j[Ifsf] ;f/f hLjgsf] ljsf;sf] ofqf / ;f/f cg'ej aLhdf k'gM k|lji6 x'G5 . aLh km]l/ hldgdf
em5{ / gofF j[Ifsf] hGd x'G5 . ;gftg lrGtgn] hut\nfO{ Pp6f j[Qfsf/ ofqf dfGb5 . t;y{ d[To'
ToxLF x'G5 hxfF hGd x'G5 lsgeg] of] b'j}sf] ljGb' Pp6} 5 . ;f/f ult pxLF ;''? / pxLF cGTo x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;a} a|Xdf08 …dÚdf nLg x'G5 / km]l/ …dÚ af6 g} /lrG5 . of] /rgf
hut\sf] sd{ Pjd\ hLjx¿sf] sd{cg';f/ 3l6t x'G5 . k"jL{o bfz{lgsx¿ csf/0f s]xL klg 3l6t

nf]suLtf– 369
cWofo–(
x'Fb}g eGg] dfGb5g\ . h] x'G5 Tof] sf/0fn] afFlwPsf] x'G5 . of] k"/f hut\sf] Ps sNkkl5 k'gM csf]{
sNk ;''? x'G5 . of] dg'iosf] Ps hLjgkl5 csf]{ hLjg k|fKt eP h:t} xf] . cfh xfdL h] 5f}+“ Tof]
xfd|f] ;d:t ctLtsf] hf]8 xf] / ef]ln xfdL h] x'G5f}+“ To;df cfh klg hf]l8G5 . Ps cy{df of]
:jrflnt Joj:yf xf] / o;eGbf cGoyf x'g} ;Sb}g . h:tf] dflg;x¿;Fu x'G5 To:t} hut\;Fu klg
x'G5 . JolQm t cfˆgf] sd{df afFlwG5 t/ k/dfTdfn] hut\nfO{ /Rb5, ;≈DffNb5 / gi6 ub{5 tyflk
sd{n] k/dfTdfnfO{ afFWb}g lsgeg] p;n] sd{ cgf;Qm eP/ ub{5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]
;a} sd{ …dÚ cgf;Qm eP/ ub{5' . cgf;Qm ToxL sd{ x'g ;S5 h'g sd{ v]n dfq x'G5 . ;a}
sd{df JolQm cf;Qm x'G5 t/ s]jn v]ndf dfq cgf;Qm x'G5 . cgf;Qm sd{ t aRrfx¿sf] v]n
h:t} x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û Tof] sd{df d]/f] cf;lQm/lxttf / pbf;Lgtf
ePsfn] tL sd{x¿n] dnfO{ afFWb}gg\ .
a'4 s'g} lbg gbLsf] lsgf/fdf 3'ld/xg' ePsf] lyof] . ToxfF aRrfx¿ afn'jfsf] 3/ agfpFb}
lyP . aRrf / 7'nf dflg;x¿ b'j} afn'jfs} 3/ agfpF5g\ . To;}n] aRrfsf] 3/ s:tf] x'Fbf] /x]5 eg]/
pxfFn] /f]lsP/ x]g'{eof] . aRrfx¿ xfjfsf] emf]Ssfsf sf/0f cfˆg} 3/ elTsFbf klg cfk;df emu8f
uy]{ . ;f/f emu8f ;+;f/df 3/sf] g} xf] . ;fFem kg{ nfUof] / 3/af6 cfdfn] cf–cfˆgf aRrfx¿nfO{
af]nfOg\ . h'g 3/sf nflu Ps csf{df n8fOF ub}{ lyP, tL aRrfx¿ ToxL afn'jfsf] 3/df 6]s]/
To;nfO{ eTsfP/ 3/lt/ lxF8] . a'4n] eGg'eof]– h'g lbg xfdL ;a} cfˆgf] 3/nfO{ afn'jfsf] 3/
;lDemG5f}+ / of] v]n ;dfKt ePsf] :d/0f x'G5 tTsfn ;Rrf 3/af6 k/dk|e'sf] k'sf/ cfpF5 . Tof]
lbg xfdL cfˆgf] 3/nfO{ aRrfx¿n] h:t} u/]/ afn'jfsf] 3/sf] v]n v]Ng hfGg] 5f}+“ . hLjgnfO{ v]n
agfpg hfGof}+“ eg] xfdL klg cgf;Qm x'g ;S5f“}+ .
k/dfTdfsf nflu hLjg Ps v]n xf] . To;}n] ;gftgLx¿ k/dfTdfsf] nLnf eGg] zAb k|of]u
ub{5g\ . nLnfsf] cy{ v]n xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sNkdf ha ;f/f k|f0fL …dÚdf nLg x'G5g\ ta
csf]{ sNksf] k|f/Dedf …dÚ km]l/ pgLx¿sf] /rgf u5{' / oxL g} qmd rln/xG5 . lxGb"x¿sf] O{Zj/
;DaGwL wf/0ff uDeL/ geP/ Hofb} k|km'lNnt O{Zj/sf] wf/0ff 5 . nLnf k/dfTdfsf] v]nsf] gfd xf] .
of] ;f/f ;[hgf Pp6f uDeL/ s[To xf]Og, k/dfTdfsf] v]n xf] . of] cfgGbsf] k|jfx xf] . of] hut\
k/dfTdfsf] nLnf ePsfn] ;'Gb/ 5 . k|foMh;f] sfd s'¿k x'G5 lsgeg] Tof] afWotfjz ul/G5 . Ps
g;{n] aRrfnfO{ x]l/g\ eg] Tof] sfd x'G5 t/ cfdfn] tL aRrfnfO{ x]l/g\ eg] pgsf nflu Tof] v]n /
cfgGb x'G5 . xfd|f hf]uL–;fw'x¿ ;a} pbf; / b'vL b]lvG5g\ lsgeg] xfdLn] ;fw'x¿;Fu ToxL
uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] cg'xf/ vf]h]sf 5f}+“ . xfdL pgLx¿df k|km'Nntf x]g{ rfxFb}gf}+“ . xfdLx¿n] wd{nfO{
Pp6f uDeL/ s[To agfPsf 5f}+“ h;n] ubf{ O{Zj/Lo tŒj ljnLg ePsf] 5 . s[i0f lj/f6\ s'/fnfO{
uDeL/ xf]Og cfgGbbfoL agfpg'x'G5 . ;gftg wd{ ;+;f/df PSnf] xFl;nf] wd{ lyof] h;df xfF:g],
k|;Gg x'g] k|uf9 Ifdtf lyof], cfgGb o;sf] uGtJo lyof] t/ o;sf] dd{nfO{ uDeL/ k|s[ltsf
?l9jfbLx¿n] ;dfKt kfl/lbPsf 5g\ . hLjgnfO{ nLnfsf] b[li6n] x]g{ ;Sof] eg] s[i0fsf] of] syg
:ki6 x'G5 . hLjgnfO{ v]n dfg]df k/dfTdf oqf] lj/f6\ hfnnfO{ /r]/ klg k/ cgf;Qm /x]sf] hfGg
;lsG5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5, s'g} sd{n] klg dnfO{ afFWb}g .
dofWoIf]0f k|s[ltM ;"ot] ;r/fr/d\ .
x]t'gfg]g sf}Gt]o hulåkl/jt{t] ..!)..
x] s'GtLk'q Û d]/L k|s[ltn] d]/} k|sfzdf ;Dk"0f{ h8 / r]tg cflbsf] ;[li6 ul5{g\ . ctM of]
;+;f/ hGd–d/0fsf rqmdf 3'ld/xG5 ..

nf]suLtf– 370
 cWofo–(
cjhfglGt df+ d"9f dfg'ifL+ tg'dfl>td\ .
k/+ efjdhfgGtf] dd e"tdx]Zj/d\ ..!!..
d"9hgx¿ …dÚ k/d]Zj/sf] lbJo efj jf :j¿knfO{ ghfg]/ …dÚ dfgj z/L/df cjt/0f x'bF f
;fdfGo dfgj 7fg]/ d]/f] pkxf; u5{g\ ..
df]3fzf df]3sdf{0ff] df]31fgf ljr]t;M .
/fIf;Ldf;'/L+ r}j k|s[lt+ df]lxgL+ l>tfM ..!@..
hf] df]xu|:t dflg; cf;'/L Pjd\ /fIf;L :jefjdf ;dlk{t 5g\ To:tf dflg;x¿sf cfzf Joy{,
sd{ Joy{ / 1fg klg Joy{ x'G5g\ ..
s[i0fn] oL Znf]sdf w]/} dxŒjk"0f{ s'/fx¿ eGg'ePsf] 5, hf] w]/} ulDe/ / pRr:t/Lo 5g\ .
k/dfTdfn] hut\sf] ;[hgf s;/L ub{5 / ;[hgf ug]{ ljlw s:tf] x'G5 eGg] af/]df atfpg'ePsf] 5 .
lj1fgsf] b[li6df s'g} zlQmn] s]xL gu/Lsg p;sf] pkl:yltn] dfq g} ;[hgf x'G5 eGg] dfGotf
/fVb5 . lj1fg To;nfO{ j0f{n'Kt sf/s (Catalytic Agent) eGb5 . p;sf] pkl:yltn] g} 36gf
36\5 t/ pm :jod\ s]xL klg ub}{g . xfO8«f]hg / clS;hgnfO{ ldnfpFbf kfgL aGb}g, oBlk
kfgLnfO{ kmf]l8of] eg] xfO8«f]hg / clS;hg dfq kfOG5 . xfO8«f]hg / clS;hgdf ljB't\ pkl:yt
ePdf dfq kfgL aG5 . ljB't\n] ToxfF pkl:yt x'g'sf cltl/Qm c¿ s]xL klg ub}{g / ljB't\ kfgLdf
;lDdlnt klg x'Fb}g .
k/dfTdfsf] pkl:ylt dfqn] ;+;f/ l;lh{G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …d]/f]Ú x'g' dfqn] ;[hgfsf]
;"qkft x'G5 . k/dfTdfn] klg olb s'dfn]sf] h:tf] 38f lgdf{0f ug{'k¥of] eg] p;sf] x}l;ot klg
s'dfn]sf] eGbf a9L x'Fb}g . k/dfTdf t sfo{df ;+nUg x'Fbf klg p;df stf{kg x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– d]/f] pkl:yltdf /rgfsf] l;nl;nf ;''? x'G5 t/ …dÚ agfpFlbgF . d]/f] pkl:yltdf ;Dk"0f{
hLjg rNb5≤ laxfg ;"o{ pbfpF5, k"mn kmlqmG5 . ;"o{ cfk}m cfP/ k"mn kmqmfpg] / ljsl;t
t'Nofpg] sfd ug]{ xf]Og t/ p;sf] pkl:ylt / pbosf] k|efjn] g} k"mn k'mNb5 . ;"o{n] t cf`gf
ls/0fsf dfWodaf6 Ps–Ps sf]lknfnfO{ kmqmfpg] sfd u5{ t/ cj0f{gLo stf{ t cem ;"Id ¿kdf
s]jn pkl:yt dfq x'G5 / p;sf] pkl:yltn] g} ;f/f sfd ub{5 . To;}n] k/dfTdf ;|i6fsf] ¿kdf
dfq pkl:yt eP/ hut\nfO{ lgdf{0f ub{5 . ;[li6df k/dfTdfnfO{ vf]Hg ;lsGg lsgeg] of] t
p;sf] pkl:yltdf dfq ag]sf] xf] . k/dfTdfsf] emns p;n] kfpF5 hf] ;[hgfsf] k|lqmofdf ;+nUg
x'G5 . To;}n] slxn]sfxLF s'g} slj, ;ËLt1, lrqsf/ cflbnfO{ k/dfTdfsf] emns k|fKt x'g ;S5 .
Wofgdf ;bf p;sf] emns k|fKt x'G5 lsgeg] Wofgdf JolQm ;[hgfsf] k|lqmofdf x'G5 .
/jLG›gfy 6}uf]/sf dgdf ha s'g} uLt hlGdGYof], ta pxfF vfgflkgf aGb u/]/ PsfGtdf
a:g'x'GYof] . pxfF ;'Tg klg ;Sg'x'GgYof] . ha;Dd s'g} uLt k"0f{ ¿kdf l;lh{+b}gYof], pxfF s]xL klg
ug{ ;Sg'x'GgYof] . pxfFdf ha o:tf] kl/l:ylt 36\g nfUYof], ta ldqx¿ yfxf kfP/ r'krfk s]xL
gaf]nL aflx/ lg:sGy] . u'?bofn dlNnsn] n]Vf]sf 5g\– d klxnf]k6s uPsf] lyPF . lgod t dnfO{
yfxf lyof] t/ dgdf Pp6f pT;'stf lyof] . ha ;fFRr} /jLG›gfyaf6 uLt hlGdG5, ta pxfFnfO{ s]
x'G5 eg]/ d hfGg rfxGy]+“ . Pslbg kfFRf–;ft hgf ldq;Fu a;]/ /jLG›gfy lrof lkpFb} x'g'x'GYof],
crfgs pxfFsf] xftaf6 lrofsf] sk v:of] . ;Dk"0f{ ;fyLx¿ r'krfk s]xL gegL lgl:sg'eof] t/
u'?bofn dlNns eg] ‰ofnaf6 n's]/ x]g{ yfNg'eof] . /jLG›gfysf cfFvfaf6 cfF;' aUg yfNof] / pxfF
k'nlst / /f]dfl~rt x'g'eof] . pxfFsf] z/L/df sDkg x'g yfNof] . s'g} cgf}7f] zlQmn] k"/f sf]7fnfO{
3]/]sf] cg'ej dlNnsnfO{ klg x'g yfNof] / s;}sf] pkl:ylt ePsf] h:tf] nfUof] . dlNns 8/fP/

nf]suLtf– 371
cWofo–(
efUg vf]Hg'eof] t/ s;}n] pxfFsf] v'§f afFw] h:t} eof] . cfFvf lemDSofpg / Zjf; km]g{ klg sl7g
eof] . ToxfF sf]xL plqP/ rf/}lt/ 3]/]/ /fv]sf] h:tf] pxfFnfO{ nfUof] . /jLG›gfy xlNng yfNg'eof] /
gfRg yfNg'eof] . s]xL ;dokl5 pxfF :j:Yo x'g'eof] . To;} ;do dlNnssf] v'§f hf] afFlwPh:tf]
ePsf] lyof] Tof] v'§f v'Nnf eof] / pxfF efUg'eof] . csf]{ lbg pxfFn] /flqsf] ;dodf cfkm" pkl:yt
ePsf] s'/f ;'gfpFb} /jLG›gfynfO{ o:tf] s] ePsf] xf] eg]/ ;f]Wg'eof] . /jLG›gfyn] d}n] cfh;Dd
:jod\n] s]xL klg n]v]sf] 5}g“, ha d x/fpF5', ta dnfO{ s;}n] n]vfpF5 . d}n] nfvf}+“nfv sf]l;;
u/]/ ;'Gb/ zAbx¿nfO{ hGdfP klg sfJo hGdFb}g≤ sfJosf] hGd t d l/lQPkl5 dfq x'G5
eGg'eof] . /jLG›gfynfO{ sfJo l;h{gf ubf{ O{Zj/ cjtl/t ePsf] dx;'; ePsf] x'g'k5{ .
o; hut\df ha s'g} s'/f ;[lht x'g nfUb5, ta slxn]sfxLF ;|i6fsf] emns kfOG5 lsgeg]
p;sf] pkl:yltljgf s'g} s'/f ;[lht g} x'Fb}g . To;}n] x/]s l;h{gfdf k/dfTdf pkl:yt x'G5 . gf/L
klxnf] k6s ue{jtL x'Fbf pgsf] ;f}Gbo{ k|bLKt x'gyfN5, pgLleq s]xL ;[hgf x'g nfUb5 / pgsf
cf;kf; k/dfTdfsf] 5lj / pkl:ylt x'G5 . :qLnfO{ ;[hgfsf] cj:yfsf] af]w eof] eg] pgsf lglDt
cfdf x'g' g} k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg' x'G5 . ha hLjgsf] >]i7td km"n dg'io :qLaf6 lgld{t x'G5 ta
:jefjtM p;sf] k"/} JolQmTj ;f}Gbo{n] el/G5 / Tof] If0f k/dfTdf p;df Hofb} lgs6 x'G5 . To;}n]
dft[Tj ulx/f] wfld{stf xf] . :qLleq ;[hgfsf] 36gf 36\g] x'gfn] pgnfO{ aflx/ ;[hgf ug]{ ljrf/ g}
cfpFb}g . hxfF l;h{gfsf] Ifdtf x'G5, ToxfF k/dfTdfsf] cg'ej ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . To;}n] ;[hgfTds
;fdYo{ gePsf] JolQmn] k/dfTdfnfO{ slxNo} cg'ej ug{ ;Sb}g . hxfF s]xL gofF k}bf x'G5, ToxfF
k/dfTdf pkl:yt x'G5, ljgf k/dfTdf s]xL klg hlGdg} ;Sb}g . hxfF ljWj+; x'G5, ToxfF k/dfTdf
x'Fb}g . ha xfdL ljWj+; ul//x]sf x'G5f}+“, ta xfdL k/dfTdfaf6 ;jf{lws b"/Ldf x'G5f}+“ .
k/dfTdfsf] uxgtd k|tLlt ;[hgfsf] If0fdf dfq x'G5 lsgeg] k/dfTdfljgf ;[hgf x'g}
;Sb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5,– ;a} ;[hgfdf …dÚ pkl:yt x'G5' / d]/f] pkl:ylt g} kof{Kt x'G5 .
x] ch{'g Û d]/f] pkl:ylt dfqn] k|s[lt ;a} hut\nfO{ /Rbl5g\ . o;} sf/0fn] g} hut\ aGb5 /
km}lnG5 . …dÚ s]xL ulb{gF / d}n] s]xL ug'{ klg kb}{g≤ d}n] OR5f, jf;gf, s]xL klg ug{'kb}{g s]jn …dÚ
x'g' g} l;h{gf xf] . xfdL ;b}j O{Zj/ g} ;|i6f xf] eGb5f“}+ . of] eGg'eGbf O{Zj/ l;h{gfsf] k|lqmof xf]
eGg' pko'Qm x'G5 . O{Zj/ ;[hgfTdstf xf] . k/dfTdf ;[hgfsf] k|jfx xf] / hxfF p;sf] pkl:ylt
x'G5, ToxfF cgGt ¿kdf ;[hgfsf] k|jfx x'g yfNb5 . hLjgsf] v]n p;sf] pkl:yltsf] cfgGb xf] /
p;sf] pkl:yltn] hLjg pT;jdo x'G5 . hxfF ;[hgf eO/x]sf] x'G5 ToxfF k/dfTdf ;b}j df}h'b
x'G5 . dg'ion] agfPsf x/]s s'/fdf hLjg gx'g] x'gfn] To;sf] s'g} ljsf; x'Fb}g . Tof] lghL{j
ljsf;df JolQm ;+nUg ePsf sf/0f pm k/dfTdfaf6 k/ x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . of] ljsf;df s]xL hlGdFb}g,
xfdL s]jn c:jfefljs j:t'x¿af6 3]l/G5f“}+ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] x'Fbf klg ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] dxfg\ ¿k d]/f] k/d efjnfO{
ghfGg]jfnf d"9 JolQmx¿ dg'iosf] ¿k wf/0f ug]{jfnf …dÚ k/d]Zj/nfO{ t'R5 ;lDemG5g\ . d"9sf]
cy{ d"v{ xf]Og . d"9tf d"v{tfeGbf klg vt/gfs cj:yf xf] . d"v{ Tof] xf] h;nfO{ yfxf 5}g / d"9
Tof] xf] h;nfO{ yfxf t 5}g t/ yfxf eP h:tf] ub{5 . d"v{ hf] c1fgL / hfgsf/LljxLg 5 p;nfO{
dfkm klg ug{ ;lsG5 t/ d"9 JolQm h;nfO{ s]xL yfxf 5}g / cfkm"nfO{ hfGg] 7fGb5 p;nfO{ t
dfkm ug{ klg ;lsGg . hf] :jod\nfO{ 1fgL 7fGb5g\ pgLx¿ d"9 x'g\ . d"9sf] cy{ c1fgtfsf ;fy}
cxª\sf/ klg ePsf] JolQm xf] . d"9 JolQm d ;a} hfGb5' eGg] 7fGb5 t/ p;df leq s'g} hfgsf/L
x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k/dfTdfsf] pkl:yltdf g} ;f/f hLjgsf] ;[hgf x'G5 / p;}af6 ;f/f
hLjg ultdfg\ x'G5 . p;}af6 ;f/f hLjg kl/k"0f{ 5 / pxL hLjgsf] d"n Pjd\ cfTdf xf] . rf/}lt/

nf]suLtf– 372
 cWofo–(
k/dfTdfsf] pkl:yltaf6 ;a} eO/x]sf] b]v]/ klg d"9 JolQmx¿ cfˆgf] d"9tf 5f]8\b}gg\ . o:tf
JolQmn] O{Zj/sf ;DaGwdf klg unt s'/f ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . xfdL 5'› s'/f t l7s} eG5f}+“ t/
lj/f6\sf] ;DaGwdf xfd|f] egfO unt x'G5 . h;nfO{ s]xL klg yfxf 5}g pgLx¿ c¿nfO{ O{Zj/sf
af/]df ;DemfpF5g\ . t;y{ d"9tfsf] sxLF cGt g} x'Fb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf d"9 JolQmx¿ rf/}lt/ …dÚ l:yt ePsf] b]v]/ klg dnfO{ cg'ej ug{
;Sb}gg\ . gfl:tsx¿ ;b}j olb k/dfTdf 5 eg] pm cufl8 lsg cfpFb}g eG5g\ . k/dfTdf ;a}lt/
cufl8 g} x'g'x'G5 / pxfFljgf csf]{ sf]xL klg 5}g tyflk gfl:tsx¿ cufl8 cfpm eG5g\ . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– ha …dÚ cufl8 dg'iosf] z/L/ wf/0f u/]/ cfpF5', ta log} d"9 JolQmx¿ dnfO{ dg'iosf]
z/L/ wf/0f ug]{ t'R5 JolQm dfGb5g\ / xfdL h:t} dg'io s;/L k/dfTdf x'g ;S5 eG5g\ .
k/dfTdf ck|s6 eP/ ;a} ;[hgfdf pkl:yt ePsf] cj:yf / s[i0fsf] ¿kdf dg'iosf] z/L/ lnP/
k|s6 ePsf] cj:yf b'j}nfO{ d"9 JolQmx¿n] c:jLsf/ ub{5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ b'j} ¿k :jLsf/ g}
x'Fb}g . To;}n] k|Zg k/dfTdf JoQm 5 ls cJoQm 5 eGg] xf]Og k|Zg t xfdLleq d"9tf 5 ls 5}g
eGg] xf] .
xfdLnfO{ cfkm"eGbf >]i7 JolQmnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ / a'‰g sl7g x'G5 lsgeg] hxfF;Dd xfd|f]
r]tgf uPsf] 5, To;sf] kf/ xfd|f] cfFvf k'Ug ;Sb}g . xfdL h] 5f“},+ ToxL;Dd dfq b]Vg ;S5f}+ .
s]jn ;dfg tn;Dd dfq cg'ej ug{ ;S5f}+“ . To;}n] >]i7tf xfd|f] cfFvfaf6 cf]em]n x'G5 . k/dfTdf
cufl8 g} cfP/ pleof] eg] klg xfdL p;nfO{ lrGg ;Sb}gf}+“ . k/dfTdfsf] ¿knfO{ xfdL afXo
cfFvfn] b]Vg ;Sb}gf}+“ . To;}n] s[i0f cufl8 x'Fbf klg xfdL s[i0fdf k/dfTdf xf]Og dg'io b]V5f“}+ . ha
dg'io b]V5f“},+ ta xfd|f] cxª\sf/n] To;nfO{ >]i7 b]Vg lb+Fb}g . xfdL ts{ u/]/ Tof] JolQm eujfg\\
xf]Og dg'io xf] eg]/ l;4 u5f}{+ clg To;}df xfdLnfO{ t[lKt x'G5 / cxª\sf/sf] k'li6 x'G5 . of]
d"9tfsf] sf/0fn] ePsf] xf] . olb JolQm k/dfTdf xf]Og eg] klg p;df lbJotf vf]Hg] k|of; u¥of“+}
eg] xfd|f] r]tgfsf] :t/ j[l4 x'G5 t/ xfd|f] d"9tf / cxª\sf/n] Tof] x'g lb+Fb}g . To;}n] xfd|f]
r]tgfsf] ;Ldf klg ljsl;t x'g ;Sb}g . olb s;}n] 9'ËfnfO{ klg k/dfTdf dfGof] eg] 9'Ëfdf
k/dfTdf xf];\ jf gxf];\ t/ JolQmsf] lbJotfsf] ;Ldf a9\5 / p;sf] cGt/ljsf; x'G5 . hlt xfdL
vf]Hg] k|of; u5f}{+ Tolt g} lj/f6\;Dd k'Ug] xfd|f] r]tgfsf] dfu{ ljsl;t x'G5 .
d"9 JolQmn] æs[i0fnfO{ klg ef]s nfU5, Kof; nfU5 / pxfF xfdL h:t} x'g'x'G5 To;}n] pxfF
xfdL h:t} JolQm ePsfn] s;/L eujfg\\ dfGg], eG5g\ t/ cd"9 JolQmn] s[i0fnfO{ ef]s, Kof;, lg›f
nfU5 / pxfF eujfg\ x'g ;Sg'x'G5 eg] dnfO{ klg To:t} x'G5 . To;}n] d klg eujfg\ x'g ;S5'
eg]/ ;f]Rb5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d"9hg d}n] dg'io z/L/ wf/0f u/]sf] sf/0f dnfO{ t'R5
;lDemG5g\ . pgLx¿n] dg'io ¿kdf cjtl/t x'Fbf …dÚdf eujfg\ b]Vg ;s]sf] eP pgLx¿ klg
eujfg\ x'g ;Sy] t/ pgLx¿ o:tf] b]Vb}gg\ . pgLx¿ t z/L/wf/L JolQm k/dfTdf s;/L x'g ;S5
eGg] 7fg]/ d"9tfsf] kl/ro lbG5g\ / cfˆg} v'§fdf aGr/f] xfG5g\ . s[i0fnfO{ t'R5 ;lDemg]
JolQmx¿sf] egfOaf6 s[i0f t'R5 x'g'x'Gg t/ cfˆgf] ;DefjgfnfO{ ;dfKt ug]{ JolQm eg] kSsf d"9
x'G5 . s[i0fsf] cfFvfdf x]/]/ cfkm" klg s[i0f h:tf] x'g ;S5' eg]/ ;f]Rg' 1fg xf] t/ z/L/ x]/]/
s[i0fnfO{ dg'io dfq ;Demg' d"9tf xf] .
dg'iosf] d"9tfsf] s]G› cxª\sf/ xf] . To;}n] s;}sf ;DaGwdf g/fd|f] ;'Gg]lalQs} xfd|f] dg
k|km'lNnt x'G5 / s;}sf] lgGbf ;'Gg]lalQs} ;xL of unt g;f]rLsg tTsfn xfdL ;xL dfGb5f}+“ .
csf]{ JolQm /fd|f] 5 eg]/ ;'Gbf xfd|f] cxª\sf/nfO{ rf]6 nfUb5 / dgn] To;nfO{ :jLsf/ g} ub}{g .
of] xfd|f] d"9tfsf] nIf0f xf] . hf] JolQm ;f/f hut\nfO{ g/fd|f] b]Vb5 Tof] g/fd|f]kg Pslbg kms]{/

nf]suLtf– 373
cWofo–(
p;}df g} cfpF5 . o:tf] JolQmsf] slxNo} ljsf; x'Fb}g . cd"9 JolQmn] ;f/f ;+;f/df c;nkg x'G5
eGg] ;f]Rb5 . To;}n] pm rf/}lt/ c;nkg / enfO vf]Hb5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf JolQmsf] ljsf; x'G5
/ p;sf] e/f];faf6 cfTdqmflGt 3l6t x'G5 . s[i0f h:tf JolQmnfO{ eujfg\ gdfGg'sf] d"n sf/0f
xfdL dfly p7\g tof/ geP/ xf] . dg'io eujfg\nfO{ xf]Og rdTsf/nfO{ dfGb5g\ . rdTsf/
b]lvPkl5 dfq pm cfkm"eGbf leGg nfUb5 . s[i0fsf] rdTsf/nfO{ xfdL dfGg ;S5f}+“ lsgeg] d"9tf
rdTsf/af6 k|efljt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Joy{sf] cfzf, Joy{sf] sd{ / Joy{sf] 1fgjfnf c1fgLhgn] /fIf; / c;'/
h:tf] df]lxt ug]{ :jefjnfO{ g} wf/0f u/]sf x'G5g\ . dg'io ck"0f{ r]tgf xf] . hgfj/df k"/f JolQmTj
x'G5, Pp6f ufO{ k"/f ufO{ x'G5 t/ dg'io slxn] klg k"/f x'Fb}g, pm sd / Hofbf eO/xG5 . k"/f
dg'io eP/ sf]xL hlGdFb}g . dg'io t p;nfO{ cfk}m aGg'kb{5 lsgeg] dg'iodf ljsf;sf] k"0f{
;Defjgf x'G5 . dg'io k"/f dg'io gePsf sf/0fn] pm hgfj/eGbf klg tn emg{ ;Sb5 / k|oTg
u/]df dfly p7]/ k/dfTdf klg x'g ;S5 . hgfj/df /fIf; sf]xL klg x'Fb}g lsgeg] hgfj/df sf]xL
klg eujfg\ x'Fb}g . dg'io Pp6f ;ª\qmd0fzLn Joj:yf xf], hf] ;'lglZrt x'Fb}g . olb dg'io
O{Zj/lt/ hfFb}g eg] /fIf;lt/ hfg} kb{5 lsgeg] hLjg Pp6f ult xf] hxfF rNg} kb{5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– dnfO{ ;fsf/ ¿kdf x'Fbf t'R5 ;Demg] / lg/fsf/ x'Fbf k|s6 5}g eGg] o:tf] d"v{tfk"0f{
a'l4 /fIf; / c;'/sf] h:tf] a'l4 xf] / o:tf] a'l4n] cfkm"nfO{ cGwsf/df 8'afpF5 . k/dfTdfsf]
emns klg ljsf;sf] dfu{ aGg ;S5 / p;sf] k|tLltn] dfq klg JolQmn] dflysf] ult lng
;Sb5 .
>Ls[i0fn] d"9tfsf tLgj6f nIf0fx¿ Joy{sf] cfzf, Joy{sf] sd{ / Joy{sf] 1fg atfpGf'ePsf]
5 . Joy{sf] cfzfdf hf] clNemG5 pm ;fy{s cfzf k|fKt ug{ c;dy{ x'G5 . Joy{sf] 1fgdf clNemg]
dflg;sf] cfFvf ;fy{s 1fglt/ p7\g} ;Sb}g / Joy{sf] sd{df hf] nLg x'G5, p;n] Tof] sd{nfO{
vf]Hg} kfpFb}g h;sf] vf]hn] ;d:t sd{sf] aGwgaf6 d'lQm kfOG5 . Joy{sf] cfzf eljiosf] cfsif{0f
xf] . xfdL h'g cfzfdf afFR5f“},+ To;af6 s'g} ;fy{stf kfPsf 5f“}+ of 5}gf“} eGg] s'/f ;f]Rg'kg]{ x'G5 .
cfzfsf] cy{ eljio xf] / cfzfljgf afFRg' sl7g x'G5 . ctLtn] b'vsf cltl/Qm s]xL klg lbPsf]
5}g / olb dg'ionfO{ ToxL ctLtsf] cfwf/df afFRg'k¥of] eg] dg'io afFRg g;s]/ ;dfKt x'G5
lsgeg] p;sf] clttdf k|]/0ff aGg] s]xL klg x'Fb}g . To;}n] ctLtsf] ;xf/fdf xfdL afFRg ;Sb}gf}+“ .
clttdf hLjgsf] s'g} cg'ej x'Fb}g / Tof] hLjgsf] b'vsf] nfdf] syf dfq xf] tyflk xfdL afFRb5f}+ /
xfd|f] afFRg] k|]/0ff xfdLnfO{ eljiosf] cfzfaf6 k|fKt x'G5 . h'g eljiosf] cfsif{0fdf xfdL rN5f}+“,
ToxL eljiosf] cfsif{0fsf] gfd cfzf xf] . cfzfsf] cy{ h] lxhf] ePg Tof] ef]ln x'G5 eGg] xf] . of]
;Defjgfsf] ;kgfn] xfdLnfO{ arfpF5 .
pd/Vf}ofdn] cfˆgf] Pp6f uLtdf eGg'ePsf] 5– d}n] dflg;x¿n] b'v em]n]sf] b]v]F / km]l/
klg afFr]sf] b]v]F . dflg;n] kL8f ef]u]sf] b]v]F t/ klg pgLx¿sf] afFRg] tLj| lhhLljiff b]v]+ ta d
Hofb} lrlGtt ePF . dflg;nfO{ ePsf] b'vsf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ xf] eg] ;d:t dg'io hfltn] cfTdxTof
ug{'kg]{ xf] / hLjg c;Dej x'g'kg]{ xf] t/ b'vLeGbf b'vL JolQm klg afFlr/x]sf 5g\ . pd/Vf}ofd
eGb5g\– of] b]v]/ d}n] 1fgLx¿ tyf a'l4dfg\x¿;Fu ;f]wF] t/ s'g} pQ/ kfOgF lsgeg] tL 1fgL /
a'l4dfg\ klg b'vdf /x]sf] kfPF . ;a} 7fpFaf6 pQ/ gkfO{ lg/fz ePkl5 Pslbg d}n] cfsfznfO{
;f]w]F– k[YjLdf olt w]/} JolQmx¿ s}of}+“ sfnb]lv cgGt ;+Vofdf /x]sf 5g\ / x] cfsfz Û ltdLn]
;a}nfO{ b]v]sf 5f} . logLx¿ ;a} b'vdf k/]sf 5g\ t/ klg afFlr/x]sf 5g\, x] cfsfz Û s] ltdL

nf]suLtf– 374
 cWofo–(
dnfO{ pgLx¿sf] afFRg] sf/0f atfpg ;S5f} < pd/Vf}ofd eG5g\– cfsfzn] Ps zAbdf eGof] cfzf
(Hope) . cfzfdf g} dflg; afFr]sf] x'G5 / s'g} lbg ;kgf k"/f x'G5 eg]/ p;sf] hLjg sfod x'G5 .
dg'io eljiosf] cfzf t u5{ t/ h'g cfh ctLt eof] Tof] klg s'g} ;dodf eljio lyof] .
cfhsf] lbg rf}la; 306f klxn] Tof] eljio lyof] / rf}la; 306fkl5 Tof] ctLt x'G5 . t/ xfdL of]
slxNo} ljrf/ g} ub}{gf}F . rf}la; 306f cufl8 agfPsf] cfzf klg slxNo} k"/f x'Fb}g . t/ o;sf]
jf:tf gu/L dflg; km]l/ klg cfzf ug{ 5f]8\b}g / d]/f] cfzf Joy{ t ePg eg]/ klg ;f]Rb}g .
Joy{sf] cfzfsf] tfTko{ h] d rfxG5', Tof] rfxgf g} Joy{ xf] lsgeg] Tof] slxNo} klg k"/f x'Fb}g eGg]
k|tLlt gx'g' xf] . Tof] rfxgfsf] :jefj g} cw'/f] /xg' xf] . h] xfdL dfU5f}F, Tof] slxNo} klg kfOFb}g
t/ Tof] gkfPsf] s'/fnfO{ xfdL ;w}F cufl8 ;fl/lbG5f}+F . xfdLn] h] lxhf] u/]sf lyof}+ Tof] cfh klg
u5f}{+ / ul//xG5f}+F . d[To' Ps If0f cfpF5 t/ xfd|f] e'n ablnFb}g . a'l4dfg\ JolQm Tof] xf] h;n] kms]{/
x]5{ / eG5– ^) jif{ afFRbf klg d]/f] s'g rflxF cfzf k"/f eof] . xfdLn] jf s;}n] klg rfx]sf s'/f
slxNo} k|fKt x'Fb}gg\ . ;a}hgf c¿af6 ;'v rfxG5g\ t/ Tof] slxNo} kfOFb}g s]jn c¿af6 b'v dfq
k|fKt x'G5 . ;'v t s]jn leqsf] cg'ejaf6 dfq kfpg ;lsG5 . ;a} b'v :jod\sf sf/0faf6 dfq
kfOG5 . oxL Joy{sf] cfzf xf] / o:tf] cfzf /fVg] JolQm d"9 xf] .
x/]s JolQm b'vL 5 / b'vsf] sf/0f hLjg xf]Og . hLjg t k/dfTdfsf] :j¿k / a/bfg
ePsf]n] ToxfF s'g} b'v x'Fb}g . b'vsf] sf/0f hLjgsf] zfZjt lgodnfO{ ghfGg' xf] . lgodn] cfˆgf]
sfd ul//xG5 / ha xfdL Tof] lgodsf] ljk/Lt x'G5f“},+ ta b'v pTkGg x'G5 . ha Tof] lgodsf]
cg's"n x'G5f“}≤ ta ;'vk|flKt x'G5 . Joy{sf] cfzfsf] tfTko{ lgodsf] k|lts"n cfzf ug{' xf] . c¿af6
;'v kfpg vf]Hg' Joy{sf] cfzf xf] . c¿af6 xf]Og, cfkm}“df ;'v vf]h] dfq k|fKt x'G5 . b'v kfP/
klg gablng' d"9tf xf] . o; hut\df dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xfdL cfkm}“leq vf]h]/ dfq kfpF5f}+“ . k|To]s
JolQmn] cfˆgf rf/}lt/ cfzfsf] hfn a'Gb5 . ha OR5f k"/f geP/ hfnf] 6'6\5, ta p;nfO{
k/dfTdf v';L 5}gg\ / efUon] ;fy lbO/x]sf] 5}g eGg] nfU5 t/ p;nfO{ cfˆgf] OR5fsf] hfnf]
slxNo} klg unt nfUb}g . efUosf] cy{ hLjgsf] k/d lgod (Ultimate Law) xf] . efUo xfdL
;a};Fu} 5 / ha xfdL efUosf] ;fy x'G5f}+“ ta ;kmn x'G5f“}+ / ha efUo;Fu x'Fb}gf“},+ ta c;kmn
x'G5f}+ . efUo s;}sf] ljk/Lt x'Fb}g .
x/]s JolQmdf leqsf] l/QmtfnfO{ eg]{ OR5f x'G5 / of] l/QmtfnfO{ eg]{ bf}8 JolQmdf k|f/De
x'G5 . Tof] l/QmtfnfO{ sf]xL wgn] eg{ rfxG5, To;sf nflu pm unt hfn a'Gg ;'? u5{ . wg leq
hfg ;Sb}g lsgeg] leq t lgw{gtf 5 To;}n] wg aflx/ /xG5 . ha wg a9\g yfN5, ta leqsf]
lgw{gtf cem k|s6 x'g yfN5 . To;}n] wgL JolQmeGbf ul/a JolQm vf]Hg sl7g 5 . ha;Dd ul/aL
/xG5, leqsf] lgw{gtfsf af/]df yfxf g} x'Fb}g . jf:tljs ¿kdf JolQmsf] ul/aL To; lbg ;''? x'G5,
ha leqL ul/aL x'G5 . Tof] leqL ul/aLnfO{ JolQm eg{ rfxG5 hf] wgn] el/+b}g / cem lgw{gtf
k|fKt x'G5 . hf] wg sdfP/ leqsf] lgw{gtfnfO{ eg{ rfxG5 pm Joy{ cfzfdf 8'a]sf] x'G5 . wg
sdfpg ;s]g eg] klg ljiffbn] el/G5, wg sdfP klg Tof] leqsf] ul/aL d]l6g ;Sb}g / k"/f hLjg
Joy{df latfP/ klg vfnLsf] vfnL x'G5 . wgdf s'g} v/faL x'Fb}g / wgsf] s'g} bf]if klg 5}g s]jn
xfdLnfO{ lgodsf] :d/0f gePsf] dfq xf] . xfdL leqsf] sdLnfO{ aflx/L wgaf6 eg{ rfxG5f}+“ t/
Tof] leq hfg ;Sb}g . wg t aflx/sf] sfddf dfq pkof]udf cfpg ;S5 . To;nfO{ leq eg]{
k|of; g} xfd|f] e'n xf] .
JolQm oz, k|lti7f / cxª\sf/ a6'Ng rfxG5 lsgeg] pm cfkm"nfO{ æd sf]xL x'FÆ eg]/
hgfpg rfxG5 . Ps cy{df of] cfGtl/s vf]h xf] . k|To]s JolQm æd sf] xf]Æ eGg] hfGg rfxG5, hf]

nf]suLtf– 375
cWofo–(
p;sf] leqL ef]s xf] . cfkm"n] æd sf] x'FÆ eg]/ hfGg'sf] ;§f c¿nfO{ æd s]xL x'FÆ eg]/ hgfpg
rfxg' unt af6f]df nfUg' xf] . æd sf] x'FÆ eg]/ hfGg vf]Hg' leqL vf]h xf] t/ æd s]xL x'FÆ eg]/
c¿nfO{ hgfpg vf]Hg' cxª\sf/sf] k'li6 xf] . o;k|sf/sf] Jojxf/ lgodsf] ljk/Lt x'g' xf] lsgeg]
;f/f hLjg c¿nfO{ æd of] x'FÆ eg]/ ;Demfpgdf g} laT5 . cGTodf ;a}nfO{ atfP klg æd sf] x'FÆ
eGg] hfgsf/L :jod\nfO{ gx'Fbf ef/L ljkmntf k|fKt x'G5 . Joy{sf] cfzf ubf{ ;kmntf–c;kmntf
Pjd\ lht–xf/ h] eP klg leq k|;Ggtf x'Fb}g . ;+;f/df hf] JolQm oz / ;Ddfgaf6 el/G5g\,
ltgLx¿ 7'nf] kL8fn] el/Psf x'G5g\ . hLjge/ oz sdfpg k|of; u/] klg Tof] oz sfddf
cfpFb}g . aflx/L oz, k|lti7faf6 leq s]xL klg 3l6t x'Fb}g lsgeg] p;nfO{ ;a}n] hfGg ;S5g\ t/
pm cfkm}“nfO{ g} hfGb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d"9tfsf] klxnf] nIf0f Joy{sf] cfzf xf] . csf]{ nIf0f Joy{sf] sd{ xf], hf]
Joy{ 5 t/ klg xfdL To;nfO{ ul/ g} /xG5f}+“ . Joy{sf] sd{sf] cy{ o:tf] sd{ xf] h;af6 clxt dfq
x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu xfdLnfO{ qmf]w g/fd|f] xf] eGg] yfxf 5 t/ klg xfdL lbgx'F qmf]w u5f}{+ /
kZrfQfk u5f}{+ . qmf]wsf] Joy{tfnfO{ a'e]m/ dgdf ca qmf]w ulb{gF egL to u5f}{+ t/ s]xL ;do
glaTb} k'gM qmf]w u5f}{“ . o:tf] sd{af6 slxNo} s;}sf] lxt x'Fb}g / x'g klg ;Sb}g . qmf]wsf] cy{
c¿sf] uNtLsf nflu cfkm"nfO{ ;hfo lbg' xf] . Joy{sf] sd{sf] cy{ c¿sf] uNtLsf] ;hfo cfkm"n]
ef]Ug' xf] . Joy{sf] sd{af6 xflg dfq x'G5 tyflk xfdL km]l/ klg ul//xG5f“}+ . xfdL oflGqs :jefjsf
sf/0f of] uNtL af/Daf/ ul//xG5f“}+ . xfdLnfO{ lg›f / d"R5f{n] u|:t agfPsf] x'gfn] ToxL uNtL lxhf]
klg u/]sf lyof}+“, cfh klg u5f}{+ clg ef]ln klg ug]{ 5f“}+ . xfd|f] k"/f hLjg Joy{sf] sd{sf] hf]8 xf] .
cxª\sf/n] ubf{ xfdL Joy{sf] sd{ ul//xG5f}+“ .
xfd|f] ;f/f bf}8 c¿sf] enfO u/]F eg]/ cfk"mnfO{ k'li6 ug]{ k|of; xf] . o; k|of;df xfdL
;f/f hLjg latfpF5f}+“ . o;af6 cxª\sf/sf] k'li6 eP klg s]xL kmlnt x'Fb}g . hlt leqsf] oyfy{sf]
cfZjf;g x'G5 Tolt g} aflx/sf] s'/f a]sf/ x'G5 t/ xfd|f] sd{ aflx/sf] s'/fsf nflu dfq x'G5 .
olb ;kmn eof“}+ eg] klg Joy{sf] sd{ Pjd\ bf}8df ?dlNn/x]sf g} kfpg] 5f}+ . g]kf]lnog, l;sGb/
cflb ;a} clGtd If0fdf plt g} bLg, bl/› / 7'nf levf/L eP/ d[To'nfO{ k|fKt x'G5g\ h;n] ubf{
;f/f hLjgsf] oqf] lj/f6\ sd{sf] kmn Joy{ eP/ xftdf s]xL klg cfpFb}g .
>Ls[i0f o;nfO{ Joy{sf] sd{ eGg'x'G5 . d"9hg Joy{sf] sd{ ub{5g\ . Joy{sf] sd{ hlt u/]
klg slxNo} s]xL kfOFb}g . t/ ;fy{s sd{n] oxLF / clxn] g} pknlAw k|fKt x'G5 / ef]lnsf] k|tLIff
klg ug{'kb}{g . s;}sf] v;]sf] ;fdfg p7fP/ s]xL gegL lb“+b} ha JolQm cufl8 a9\5, To;} ;do
p;leq s]xL z'e kmlnt x'G5 . c¿sf nflu s]xL ug]{ ;b\efjn] cfgGbnfO{ o;} If0f hGd lbG5 .
;fy{s sd{ Tof] xf] hf] xfd|f] cfTdfaf6 ;xh kmlnt x'G5 / Tof] sd{df k|]d x'G5 . Joy{sf] sd{df
qmf]w, O{iof{ / cxª\sf/ x'g] x'Fbf of] xflgsf/s x'G5 . hLjgdf ;fy{s sd{ a9\b} uPdf ef]lnsf nflu
s]xL cfzf ug{'kb}{g xfdL cfh g} wgL x'G5f“}+ . h'g sd{ ubf{ o;} If0f cfgGbfg'e"lt x'G5 Tof] ;fy{s /
k'0o sd{ xf] . k'0o sd{ Tof] sd{ xf] h;n] tTsfn cfgGbn] el/lbG5 . k'0o–s[To ljz'4 k|]dn]
el/Psf] x'G5 h'g OR5f/lxt x'gfn] o;sf k5fl8 s'g} dfu x'Fb}g . k'0o :ju{ x'gfn] k'0odf x'g' g}
:ju{df x'g' xf] . xfdL ;b}j ck]Iff afFw]/ afFR5f}+“, t/ ck]Iff k"/f ePdf klg b'v k|fKt x'G5 / k"/f
geP emg\ b'v / kL8f k|fKt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5,– h'g 1fg cfˆgf nflu sfd nfUb}g Tof] Joy{sf] 1fg xf] . xfd|f] 1fg
slxNo} klg sfddf cfpFb}g . ;+;f/df 1fgsf] s'g} sdL 5}g, ;fob cfjZostfeGbf Hofbf 5 .
To;}n] t x/]s JolQm 1fg afFl8/x]sf x'G5g\ t/ s;}n] klg o;/L afFl8Psf] 1fg ln+Fb}g lsgeg]
p;;Fu klg klxn]b]lv g} kof{Kt 1fg df}h'b x'G5 . o; hut\df ;a}eGbf a9L lbOg] s'/f ;Nnfx xf]

nf]suLtf– 376
 cWofo–(
/ ;a}eGbf sd lnOg] klg ;Nnfx g} xf] . of] lgMz'Ns afFl8/x]sf] ;Nnfx¿kL 1fg xfd|f] hLjgdf
slxNo} sfddf cfpFb}g . xfdLn] slxNo} o;sf] pkef]u u/]sf 5}gf}“ ;fy} of] 1fg xfd|f] hLjgsf]
cGt/Ë lx:;f klg aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . of] s]jn sf]/f zAb h:tf] dfq eP/ leq u'lGh/xG5 . o:tf]
1fgn] xfd|f] hLjgdf s'g} qmflGt / tŒjaf]w klg x'Fb}g . s]jn ;"rgfsf] ;ª\sng dfq x'G5 . hLjg
¿kfGt/0f gug]{ / cfˆgf ;fy} c¿sf] klg sfddf gcfpg] 1fg Joy{sf] 1fg xf] . 1fg ToxL ;fy{s
xf,] hf] hfGgf;fy hLjg ¿kfGt/0f x'G5 . 1fgsf] cy{ hfGg' / ¿kfGtl/t x'g' xf] . hfg]/ klg
gablng] 1fg / c1fgdf s'g} km/s xF'b}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Joy{sf] 1fgL JolQm d"9 xf] . clnslt
1fg klg kl/jt{gsf nflu kof{Kt x'G5 . 1fg ;dfTg] lrh xf]Og ¿kfGtl/t x'g] s'/f xf] . 1fg
cfTdqmflGt xf] . Joy{sf] cfzf, Joy{sf] sd{ / Joy{sf] 1fgn] el/Psf] JolQmsf] hLjgdf s'g}
¿kfGt/0f x'Fb}g .
dxfTdfg:t' df+ kfy{ b}jL+ k|s[ltdfl>tfM .
ehGTogGodg;f] 1fTjf e"tflbdJood\ ..!#..
x] kfy{ Û b}jL k|s[ltdf cfl>t ePsf dxfTdfx¿ cljrlnt dgn] dnfO{ g} ef}lts hut\sf
k|f0fLx¿sf] pb\ud ;|f]tsf] sf/0f Pjd\ cljgfzL hfg]/ pkf;gf ub{5g\ ..
;tt+ sLt{oGtf] df+ otGtZr b[9j|tfM .
gd:oGtZr df+ eSTof lgToo'Qmf pkf;t] ..!$..
o;k|sf/n] b[9 ;ª\sNksf ;fy lg/Gt/ d]/f] Wofgdf nfu]sf eQmx¿ dnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ k|of;
ub}{ sLt{g ub{5g\ / dnfO{ g} elQmk"j{s gd:sf/ ub}{ ;w}+ d]/f] pkf;gf ub{5g\ ..
>Ls[i0f ca Tof] JolQmsf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 hf] d"9 5}gg\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] kfy{ Û b}jL
k|s[ltdf cfl>t ePsf dxfTdfhgx¿ dnfO{ ;a} k|f0fLsf] ;gftg sf/0f / gfz/lxt cIf/:j¿k
hfg]/ cgGo dgn] o'Qm eO{ lg/Gt/ eHb5g\ . o; hut\df dfly / tn b'j}lt/ hfg] k|jfx 5 . xfdL
h'g k|jfxnfO{ r'G5f}+“ Tof] k|jfxn] xfd|f] hLjgnfO{ ultdfg\ t'NofpF5 . cfˆgf] gfpnfO{ h'g lbzfdf
xfjf rn]sf] 5, Tot} aufof] eg] gfp Tot}lt/ aUg yfN5 . k|ltIf0f hut\df b'j}lt/ hfg] xfjf
alu/xG5 . xfdL h'g xfjfsf] ;xf/f lnG5f“}+, ToxL lbzflt/ ofqf ub{5f}+“ . ha s;}n] xfdLnfO{ ufnL
u5{, ta of] xfjf csf{lt/ uO/x]sf] x'G5 . To:tf] xfjfdf olb xfdLn] cfˆgf] gfpsf] kfn vf]Nof}+ eg]
xfdL qmf]wsf] hut\df plqG5f“}+ . of] ufnL ug]{jfnfsf] sf/0fn] geO{ xfd|f] sf/0fn] xf] . ha sf]xL
zfGt Wofgdf /x]sf] x'G5, To; If0fdf xfdL p;sf] ;dLk a:of“}+ eg] xfd|f] gfp zflGtsf] lbzfdf
lgl:sg ;S5 .
a'4 lt; jif{;Dd Pp6f ufpFaf6 cg]sf}+“ k6s cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ug{'eof] . Pp6f ufpFn] ;w“}+ s'g} g
s'g} axfgf agfP/ pxfFsf] bz{g ug{ uPg t/ olb To; JolQmnfO{ s;}n] ufnL u/]sf] eP ;a} sfd
5f]8]/ pm n8\gsf nflu tTsfn tof/ x'GYof] . of] d"9 efj xf] . cd"9 Pjd\ a'l4dfg\ Tof] xf] hf]
cfkm"nfO{ b}jL k|s[ltsf] cf>odf 5f]8\5 . k|ltkn k/dfTdflt/ alu/x]sf] xfjfdf s;/L ;lDdlnt
xf]pFm eg]/ o:tf] JolQmn] vf]h u5{ . PSn} ofqf ug]{ ;fdYo{ gePsf]n] k/dfTdflt/ ax]sf] xfjfdf
;lDdlnt eP/ k/dfTdf;Dd k'Ug vf]H5 .
xfdL l7s ljk/Lt gs{lt/ n}hfg] xfjf vf]H5f}+“ . xfdL g} xtf/df c;do xfd|f] gfpsf] kfn
vf]n]/ tnlt/sf] ofqfdf k'U5f}+“ . a'l4dfg\ JolQmn] ;dodf g} k/dfTdflt/ xfjf ax]sf] a]nfdf cfˆgf]
gfpsf] kfn vf]N5 . pm ;bf tnlt/ aUg] xfjf cfPsf] a]nfdf kfn aGb ug]{ / dflylt/ aUg] xfjf
cfPsf] rfn kfpg]lalQs} kfn vf]n]/ To;tkm{ ofqf ug]{ vf]hLdf x'G5 . dg'io ck"0f{ ePsf]n] pm

nf]suLtf– 377
cWofo–(
cflv/L tn;Dd klg hfg ;S5 / dflysf] ;a}eGbf pRr tndf k'u]/ k/dfTdf;dIf pkl:yt klg
x'g ;S5 . To;}n] pm >]i7td jf lgDgtd klg x'g ;S5 h'g p;df g} lge{/ x'G5 . b}jL k|s[lt
To;nfO{ elgG5 h;n] k|ltIf0f cfkm"leq lbJotfnfO{ a9fpF5 . To;}n] of] wf/fdf ofqf ug]{ JolQmn]
cfkm"leq lbJotf a9]sf] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ hfFr ul//xg'kb{5 . hxfFaf6 h'g kl/l:ylt / h'g 36gfdf
eP klg tTsfn k/dfTdflt/ hfg] dfu{sf] vf]h ug{' g} b}jLwf/f xf] .
hLjgsf k|To]s If0fsf] 36gfdf b'j} wf/f df}h'b x'G5g\ . Pp6f JolQmn] s;}nfO{ ufnL ubf{
d}n] k|ltsf/ ug{'k5{ eGg] klg ;f]Rg ;S5 . of] Pp6f wf/f eof] t/ of] JolQmn] dnfO{ ufnL dfq
u¥of] t/ s'6]sf] t 5}g lg eg]/ klg ;f]Rg ;S5 . p;n] s'6\g klg ;SYof] t/ s'6]g s]jn ufnL
dfq u¥of] . To;}n] pm g/fd|f] dflg; xf]Og eg]/ ;f]Rg' csf]{ wf/fsf] r'gfj xf] . k|To]s 36gfdf b'j}
wf/f pkl:yt x'G5g\ / r'gfj eg] xfdLn] g} ug{'k5{ . g/fd|f] JolQmdf klg k/dfTdfsf] emns x'G5 /
/fd|f] JolQmdf klg /fIf;sf] :jefj x'G5 . of] r'gfj xfd|f] xf] / xfdL h] r'G5f}“,+ ToxL xfd|f] hLjgsf]
k|jfx x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– b}jL k|s[ltdf cfl>t dxfTdfhg cljrlnt dgn] dnfO{ g} pb\ud
;|f]t / cljgfzL hfg]/ pkf;gf u5{g\ . b}jL k|s[ltdf cfl>t x'g] Pjd\ ;a}lt/ b]jtfsf] dfu{ dfq
vf]Hg] JolQm dxfTdf xf] . j]Zofsf] 3/df a;]/ klg cfkm"leq b]jtfsf] dfu{ vf]Hg] JolQm b}jL
k|s[ltsf] x'G5 . dlGb/df a;]/ cfk"mleq cGo dfu{ vf]Hg] JolQm cf;'/L k|j[lQsf] x'G5 . xfdL sxfF
5f}+ eGbf klg xfd|f] cGt/wf/f stf alu/x]sf] 5 Tof] dxŒjk"0f{ xf] .
Pp6f ;fw' / j]Zofsf] Ps} lbg Pp6} ;dodf d[To' eof], b'j}sf] 3/ cfdg];fdg] lyof] .
d[To'sf b"t pgLx¿nfO{ lng cfP . pgLx¿ Hofb} cK7\of/f]df k/] lsgeg] ;fw'nfO{ gs{df /
j]ZofnfO{ :ju{df n}hfg] cfb]z ePsf] lyof] . d[To'sf b"tn] cfˆgf] dflyNnf] clwsf/LnfO{ sxLF of]
pN6f] t ePsf] xf]Og eg]/ ;f]Wbf l7s lg0f{o ePsf] hjfkm kfP . j]Zof ;fw'sf] 3/df 306L ah]/
sLt{g x'Fbf cfˆgf] 3/df ?lGyg\ / d]/f] hLjg a]sf/ eof] eg]/ ljrf/ uly{g\ . slxn] Tof] If0f cfpF5
ha d o; sLt{gdf ;xefuL x'g kfpF5' eg]/ ;fw'sf] 3/df sfg nufP/ ehg sLt{g ;'lGyg\ / d
h:tL kflkgLn] s;/L dlGb/df k|j]z ug]{ xf]nf eg]/ ;f]Rblyg\ . To;}n] pgL n's]/ sLt{g ;'lGyg\ .
dlGb/sf] ;'uGw cfpFbf jf 306L aHbf k"/f ;do j]Zof dlGb/df g} /xlGyg\ . j]Zofsf] 3/df /flt
/fu/Ë 5]l8GYof] . cfwf /ftdf ;fw' b'vL eP/ sf]N6] km]y]{ / ;f/f b'lgofF dhf n'l6/x]sf] 5 t/ d
ehg–sLt{gdf clNemg' k/]sf] 5 eg]/ ;f]Rby] . pgnfO{ cfkm" g/fd|f];Fu km;]sf] cg'ej x'GYof] . s}of“}+
k6s bf}8]/ j]Zofsf] 3/sf] rSs/ nufpFy] t/ leq k:g] lxDdt x'Fb}gYof] . o;/L dgaf6 j]Zof
dlGb/df /lxg\ / ;fw' j]Zofu[xdf /x] . of] leqsf] 36gf xf] .
hf] z'e / ;f}Gbo{sf] vf]h ul//xG5 / h;sf] r'gfj z'esf] x'G5 p;sf nflu ;f/f hut\ g}
z'e x'G5 . o:tf] JolQmnfO{ >Ls[i0f dxfTdf eGg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– b}jL k|s[ltdf cfl>t
ePsf dxfTdfhg ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf] ;gftg sf/0f / gfz/lxt cIf/:j¿k hfg]/ cgGo dgn] lg/Gt/
dnfO{ eH5g\, pgLx¿ h'g;'s} sd{ ubf{ klg lg/Gt/ dnfO{ g} vf]h ul//xG5g\ / eH5g\ ;fy}
x/;do pgLx¿ d]/f] :d/0f ul//xG5g\ . b[9 lgZroL eQmhg lg/Gt/ d]/f] gfd / u'0fsf] sLt{g ub}{
tyf d]/f] k|flKt lgldQ oTg ub}{ / dnfO{ af/Daf/ gd:sf/ ub}{ ;bf d]/f] Wofgdf Psfu| elQmn] d]/f]
pkf;gf u5{g\ . k/dfTdf 5 of 5}g eGg] s'/f eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xfdL eQm x'g ;S5f“}+ ls ;Sb}gf“}+
eGg] xf] . eQm geO{{ k/dfTdf x'g'sf] cy{ x'Fb}g . To;}n] eujfg\nfO{ eQmsf] dxŒj 5 lsgeg] eQm g}
ePg eg] eujfg\n] s] ug]{ eGg] k|Zg p7\g ;S5 . To;}n] of]uzf:qdf eujfg\nfO{ klg Pp6f ;fwg
elgPsf] 5 . eujfg\ lgldQ xf] / hLjgsf] k/d pknlAwsf nflu eujfg\ Ps pks/0f klg xf] .

nf]suLtf– 378
 cWofo–(
af}4, h}g wd{x¿ eujfg\\ ljgf rnfpg vf]lhPsf] 5 . dxfjL/n] pkf;gf, ;b\efj, ;fwgf / ;To g}
kof{Kt 5 eujfg\sf] cfjZostf 5}g eGg'eof] / pxfFn] sl7g sfo{ u/]/ b]vfpg'eof] . dxfjL/n]
eujfg\sf] wf/0ffljgf ;To kfpg ;Sg'eof] t/ pxfFsf cg'ofoLsf nflu of] sl7g eof] . To;}n] h}g
ljrf/sx¿n] dxfjL/nfO{ eujfg\ dfg]/ eQm x'g] k|of; ug{ yfn] . eujfg\ ljgf eQm x'g sl7g 5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– elQmsf] ;tt lrGtg, :t'lt / k/dfTdfsf] gfd u'0fsf] :d/0faf6 g}
eQmsf] Åbo lgld{t x'G5 . O{Zj/k|lt pGd'v x'gsf nflu pkf;gf clgjfo{ x'G5 . pkf;gfsf] cy{
p;sf] ;fdLKodf a:g' xf] . k/dfTdf x/]s :yfg / kl/l:yltdf df}h'b x'G5 . p;nfO{ ;tt ¿kdf
:d/0f ug{' g} pkf;gf xf] . cl:tTjsf] x/ s'/fdf k/dfTdf x'G5 . cfsfz, hn, k[YjL, uf]r/, cuf]r/
;a}df pm g} 5≤ kz'kG5L, sL6–ktË, jg:klt, dg'io, ldq jf zq' cflb ;Dk"0f{ s'/fdf pxL 5 . ha
s;}nfO{ k|To]s s'/fdf pxL dfq b]lvG5 / cg'ej ul/G5 eg] ToxL pkf;gf xf] . hlt of] k|tLlt
ulx/f] x'G5 Tolt g} JolQm pkf;gfdf /t x'G5 . k/dfTdfsf] u'0fsf] rrf{ ubf{ :t'lt, k|fy{gf pkof]uL
x'G5 . sxLF km"n km'n]sf] 5, Tof] km'n]sf] km"ndf k|e'sf] :d/0f ub}{ wGojfbsf] efjn] To;df p;nfO{
vf]Hg' k|e'sf] u'0fsf] rrf{ ug{' xf] . ;"o{sf] k|sfzdf k|e'sf] s[kf vf]Hg' k/dfTdfsf] :t'lt ug'{ xf] .
x/]s kl/l:yltdf / d[To'df klg k|e'nfO{ :d/0f ug{' ;Rrf :t'lt xf] . hLjgdf p;sf] cg'sDkf
dx;'; gu/L s'g} klg ;do Joy{ ghfcf];≤\ b'v–;'v, zflGt–czflGt, ;kmntf–c;kmntf, lbg–/ft
h'g;'s} cj:yf eP klg p;sf] cg'sDkf xfdLnfO{ k|tLt eO/xf];\ / p;sf] u'0fsf] ;ËLt xfdLleq
alh/xf];\ . o:tf] l:ylt / cj:yf g} k|e'sf] :t'lt / sLt{g xf] . xfdL h;/L afFr] klg p;sf] :d/0f
slxn] g6'6f];\ eGg] efj /lx/xg' k/dfTdfsf] :t'lt ug{' xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] b[9 lgZro ePsf eQmhg lg/Gt/ d]/f] sLt{g ub}{ dnfO{ af/Daf/
gd:sf/ ul//xG5g\ . k/dfTdfsf] cg'sDkf cg'ej ug]{ b[li6 ePdf p;sf] cg'sDkf gePsf] s'g}
:yfg g} x'Fb}g . To:tf] cg'sDkfsf] 7fpFdf k|e'nfO{ :d/0f u/]/ s[t1tf 1fkg ug{' g} gd:sf/ xf] .
o:tf] efjdf ;tt afFRg] JolQm g} eQm xf] . x/]s kn / x/]s s'/fdf k/dfTdfnfO{ vf]Hg' / p;nfO{
:d/0f ub}{ p;sf] :t'lt ug]{ x/]s df}sf vf]Hg' g} eQmsf] u'0f xf] . eQm Tof] åf/ xf] hxfFaf6
k/dfTdfdf k|j]z ug{ ;lsG5 .
1fgo1]g rfKoGo] ohGtf] dfd'kf;t] .
PsTj]g k[ySTj]g ax'wf ljZjtf]d'vd\ ..!%..
s'g} 1fgo1åf/f PsTj -cå}t_ efjn] d]/f] o1 ub}{ pkf;gf u5{g\, s'g} k[ys\ -å}t_ efjn] /
s'g} lj/f6\:j¿k k/dfTdfsf] pkf;gf ub{5g\ ..
cx+ qmt'/x+ o1M :jwfxdxdf}ifwd\ .
dGqf]˜xdxd]jfHodxdlUg/x+ x'td\ ..!^..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ g} j}lbs o1 x',F …dÚ b]j o1 x',F …dÚ g} :jwf -lkt[o1_ x'F . …dÚ cf}iflw x',F
…dÚ dGq x',F clUgdf xf]ldg] l3p, o1sf] clUg / xjg jf cfx'lt klg …dÚ g} x'F ..
dfu{ t cg]s 5 t/ uGtJo Pp6} 5 . k/dfTdfdf k'Ugsf nflu b'O{ JolQmsf] Pp6} dfu{ x'g
;Sb}g lsgeg] b'O{ JolQm leGg x'G5g\ . pgLx¿n] h] u5{g\, Tof] leGg x'G5, To;}n] xfdL hxfF 5f}+“,
ToxfFaf6 ofqf ;'? ug{'kb{5 . b'O{ JolQm Ps} 7fpFdf x'g ;Sb}gg\ t/ k'Ug] 7fpF Pp6} x'G5 . uGtJodf
k'u]kl5 JolQm k"/f x/fpF5 / ToxfF JolQmsf] dfu{sf] leGgtf klg /xFb}g . wd{ hGdhft x'g ;Sb}g .
wd{ JolQmaf6 g} l;lh{t x'G5 . hGdaf6 wfld{s jf cwfld{s x'g] ;Defjgf lnP/ dfq JolQm
hlGdG5 . xfdLn] wd{nfO{ hGdhft agfPsf 5f}+“ / lxGb"sf] 3/df hlGdg] JolQm lxGb" g} x'g'k5{ eGg]

nf]suLtf– 379
cWofo–(
dfGotf /fV5f}+“ t/ of] p;sf] JolQmTjsf] 9fFrf;Fu d]n gvfg ;S5 / cK7\of/f] kg{ ;S5 lsgeg] h'g
wd{ p;n] hGdaf6 g} lnP/ cfPsf] lyof] Tof] p;sf] :jefjsf] cg's"n gx'g klg ;S5 . p;sf]
JolQmTjsf] 9fFrf / hGd tyf wd{sf] 9fFrfdf d]n gx'g ;S5 . hGd z/L/sf] s'/f xf] / wd{ JolQmsf]
k|s[lt cg'¿ksf] vf]h xf] . wd{ JolQmsf] cGt/fTdfsf] vf]h xf] . k|To]s JolQmn] cfˆgf] :jefj
cg';f/ wd{sf] vf]h ug{'k5{ / :jwd{sf] vf]h hGdn] k"/f x'Fb}g . olb s'g} JolQmn] cfˆgf] dfu{ k/d
lgi7fk"j{s vf]hL u¥of] eg] k/dfTdfsf] ofqf ;lhnf] x'G5 . dfu{n] xf]Og lgi7fn] JolQmnfO{
k/dfTdfdf k'¥ofpF5 lsgeg] lgi7f an xf] . ha;Dd hGd;Fu wd{ afFlwP/ /xG5, ta;Dd b'lgofF
cwfld{s eO/xG5 .
z/L/ cfdf / afa'sf] dfWodaf6 k|fKt x'G5 t/ cfTdf cfdf–afa'af6 kfOFb}g . cfTdfsf] ofqf
cnu 5 / cfTdf ;ª\sNkaf6 ljsl;t x'G5 . hlt 7"nf] ;ª\sNk x'G5 Tolt g} cfTdf ;an x'G5 .
wd{ o; hut\df ;a}eGbf 7'nf] ;ª\sNk xf] . wd{ ;a}eGbf 7'nf] r'gf}tL / b':;fx; klg xf] lsgeg]
wd{df c1ftdf km8\sf] dfg{'k5{ . wd{df lhpg ;fx; rflxg] x'Fbf of] sdhf]/ JolQmx¿sf] dfu{
xf]Og . To;}n] sdhf]/ JolQmx¿n] wd{nfO{ hGdhft agfPsf 5g\ h;n] ubf{ pgLx¿n] wd{sf] r'gfj
g} ug{'k/]g . s[i0fn] :jwd{sf] af/]df eGg'ePsf] 5 . o;af6 xfdL h'g wd{df hlGdof“},+ ToxL wd{ xf]
eGg] cy{ nufpF5f}+ h'g unt xf] . s'g} klg JolQm wd{df hlGdFb}g, sf/0f wd{ cGt/ vf]h xf] / of]
k|To]s JolQmsf] lghL vf]h klg xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– w]/} dfu{x¿af6 …dÚ ;dIf cfpg ;lsG5 .
s]xL JolQm …dÚ lj/f6\:j¿k k/dfTdfnfO{ 1fgåf/f eHb5g\ / 1fg g} pgsf nflu o1 x'G5 . PsTj
efjn] ;a} jf;'b]j g} x'g\ eGg] efjn] pgLx¿ pkf;gf u5{g\ .
Pp6f ju{ 5 h;sf] JolQmTjsf] 9fFrf 1fgsf] x'G5 . o;df w]/} zfvfx¿ 5g\ t/ klg 1fgsf]
Pp6f df]6fdf]6L ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . 1fgsf] 9fFrfdf JolQm hfGgnfO{ cft'/ x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm
hfGgsf nflu cfˆgf] hLjg klg u'dfpg ;S5 . lh1f;f p;sf] dfu{ xf] / o:tf] JolQmsf nflu
hfGg' g} kof{Kt x'G5 . a'4 h:tf JolQmnfO{ hfGg' g} kof{Kt 5 . 1fgsf] clGtd cj:yf cå}t
ePsfn] hf] hfGg] lbzfdf rN5 p;n] cGttM Ps dfq kfpF5 . ha xfdL s]xL hfGb5f}+“ ta hfGg]
36gf tLg lx:;fdf 6'6\5 . hxfF hfGg]jfnf cnu x'G5, hfGg'kg]{ lrh cnu x'G5 / b'j} lardf
1fgsf] ;DaGw 3l6t x'G5 . 1fg, 1]o–1ftf–1fg (The Knower, the known and knowing) u/L
tLg efudf 6'lqmG5 t/ 1fgLsf] cfsfª\Iff s'g} lrhnfO{ aflx/af6 hfGg] x'Fb}g lsgeg] aflx/af6
hfGg' kl/ro dfq xf]≤ jf:tjdf hfGg' t leqL s'/f xf] . j[IfnfO{ hfGg' 5 eg] j[If g} aGg'kb{5 clg
dfq hfGg' 3l6t x'G5 . aflx/af6 j[IfnfO{ rSs/ nufP/ hfGg vf]Hof] eg] j[Ifsf af/]df aflx/L
hfgsf/L dfq x'G5 . 1fgLn] k/dfTdf p;sf] cGt/cfTdfdf ePkl5 dfq dfGb5 / p;sf] cfTolGts
vf]hdf pm k/dfTdf;Fu Ps x'g rfxG5 .
j}1flgsn] hlt g} hfg] klg aflx/sf] s'/f dfq hfGb5 . p;n] cfkm"nfO{ To;df k|j]z gu/L
k/af6 dfq x]b{5 . To;}n] lj1fgn] slxNo} klg k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;Sb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– aflx/
pleP/ xf]Og leq k|j]z u/]/ dnfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 lsgeg] aflx/ jf k/af6 hfGg' kl/ro dfq
x'G5 . leq k|j]z u/]kl5 dfq hfGg' 3l6t x'G5 . 1fg Pp6f lbzf xf] h;df w]/} dfu{x¿ 5g\ . 1fg
dg'iosf] Pp6f ljefhg xf] . h;nfO{ 1fgsf] vf]h x'G5 p;nfO{ elQm Joy{sf] dfu{ xf] eGg] nfUb5 .
c¿sf] dfu{ a'‰g klg ;lsF+b}g . s'g} JolQmsf nflu 1fgsf] dfu{ ;xL 5 eg] s'g} JolQmsf nflu
elQmdfu{ ;xL x'g ;S5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 1fgo1sf] cf/fwgf ug]{ hf] JolQmx¿ 5g\ pgLx¿
PsTj efjn] h] 5 Tof] k/dfTdfdf 5 eGg] k|tLltdf /Db5g\ . oxL g} pgLx¿sf] pkf;gf xf] .

nf]suLtf– 380
 cWofo–(
pgLx¿ dnfO{ x/]s s'/fdf vf]H5g\, b]V5g\ / kfpF5g\ . 1fgLsf] vf]h To;sf] vf]h xf], hf] ;a}
;fsf/ ¿kleq n's]sf] 5 . o:tf] vf]h gu/];Dd 1fgLnfO{ t[lKt x'Fb}g . To;}n] 1fgL cS;/ ;fsf/sf]
k"hf ug]{sf lj?4 h:tf] b]lvG5 . 1fgLsf] vf]h lg/fsf/sf] vf]h xf] . To;}n] p;nfO{ ;fsf/sf] k"hf
Joy{ nfUg ;S5 t/ csf]{ JolQmnfO{ ;fsf/sf] k"hf g} pko'Qm nfUg ;S5 . of] lg/fsf/ PsTj /
;a}df jf;'b]jnfO{ b]Vg]jfnf 1fgLsf] dfu{ xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– bf];|f] sf]l6sf dflg;x¿ k[ysTj efj, å}t efjn] cyf{t\ :jfdL–;]js
efjn] d]/f] pkf;gf ub{5g\ . of] bf];|f] ju{ eQmsf] xf] / eQmsf] vf]h leGg 5 . vf]hsf] cGt Pp6}
x'G5 t/ dfu{ lans'n leGg x'G5 . eQmnfO{ hfGg'df s'g} k|of]hg x'Fb}g / 1fgdf pgLx¿nfO{ s'g}
/; x'Fb}g . pgLx¿nfO{ 1fg s]jn lbdfusf] s'/f nfU5 / To;df Åbosf] w8\sg pgLx¿n] ;'Gb}gg\ .
eQm eGb5– hfg]/ s]xL x'Fb}g ha;Dd pgsf] cg'ej ug{ kfO{+b}g ta;Dd s'g} cy{ 5}g . ha;Dd
k|]d ug{ kfO+{b}g ta;Dd eQmnfO{ t[lKt x'Fb}g . eQm hlt hfg] klg Tof] aflx/sf] hfGg' dfq x'G5
eGg] dfGb5 . To;}n] eQmsf nflu k|]d g} hfGg] dfu{ xf] . elQm / 1fgdf b"/L x'G5≤ t;y{ eQm
k/dfTdfd} nLg eP/, k/dfTdfd} k|j]z ug{ rfxG5 / p;nfO{ cfˆgf] Åbodf af; u/fpg rfxG5 .
eQmnfO{ k/dfTdf Pp6} xf] eg]/ s;}n] eGof] eg] p;n] Tof] PsnfO{ a'‰b}g . olb Ps g} xf]
eg] k|]dsf] 36gf s;/L 36\g ;S5 eg]/ eQmn] eGb5 lsgeg] k|]dsf] 36gfsf nflu sd;]sd b'O{
rflxG5 . 1fgsf] 36gf ta 36\5, ha b'O{ x6\5 / Ps dfq aRb5 t/ k|]dsf] 36gf 36\gnfO{
sDtLdf b'O{ rflxG5 . 1fg / k|]dsf] efiffdf leGgtf / lj/f]w 5 t/ oL b'j}n] Ps} s'/f ul//x]sf
x'G5g\ . k|]ddf klg b'O{sf lar Pstf 3l6t x'G5 t/ b'O{ eg] sfod} /xG5 . k|]ddf b'O{ k|f0f eP klg
b'O{ k|f0fsf] wf/f Ps g} x'G5 ;fy} cg'ej klg Pssf] g} x'G5 . of] dfu{ Hofb} sl7g eP klg ;d[4
5 . eQmn] hLjgnfO{ ;f}/e k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . 1fgnfO{ dfq k|lti7f lbg] wd{x¿ ?vf x'G5g\ lsgeg]
1fg ?vf] x'G5 . To;}n] ;d[4 wd{ Tof] xf] h;n] 1fg, elQm / sd{sf ;a} ¿knfO{ cfTd;\ft\ ub{5 .
t;y{ lxGb" wd{ cb\e't wd{ xf] . lxGb" wd{n] ;a} dfu{x¿nfO{ cfTd;\ft\ ub{5 . o; wd{df
1fgLx¿nfO{ 1fgdfu{, eQmnfO{ elQmsf] dfu{ / sd{ ug]{x¿nfO{ sd{sf] dfu{ pknAw 5 . ;+;f/df
o:tf] cb\e't wd{ csf]{ s'g} klg 5}g . c¿ wd{x¿ Pp6f ¿knfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ rNb5g\≤ h:tf] ls
h}g wd{df elQmsf] s'g} :yfg 5}g, s]jn 1fg dfq 5 t/ eQmx¿ cfˆgf] dfu{df pgLx¿n] Psflt/
eujfg\\ / csf{lt/ cfkm"nfO{ /fv]/ ;DaGw lgdf{0f ub{5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– bf];|f] k[ys\ dfu{af6 s'g} eQm d]/f] pkf;gf ub{5 eg] p;n] dnfO{
c¿eGbf leGg kfpF5 . eQm eGb5– d ltdLeGbf cnu 5' lsgeg] ldngsf] dHhf t cnu eP/
ldNg'df g} cfpF5 . olb d ltdL;Fu ;b}j Ps 5' eg] ldNg'sf] cy{ g} /x]g . gbL hf] pdË /
pT;fxk"j{s ;fu/;Fu ldNg bf}l8/x]sf] x'G5 p;nfO{ ;fu/;Fu ldngsf] ;'vb pQ]hgfsf] cg'ej
cnu x'G5 . olb gbLnfO{ ltdL ;fu/;Fu Ps} t 5f} eg]/ s;}n] eGof] eg] of] egfO unt xf]Og
l7s xf] lsgeg] gbL ;fu/af6 g} hlGdPsf] xf] t/ eQmx¿ eGb5g\– ;fu/nfO{ k[ys\ jf k/ g} /xg
b]pm lsgeg] d ldngsf] cfgGb lng rfxG5'≤ k/dfTdf;Fu o:tf] ldngsf] If0f ;bf k|fKt xf];\ eGg]
k|fy{gf ul//xG5' . of] eQmsf] cj:yf xf] . 1fgLsf b[li6df eujfg\\ cnu 5 eGg' c1fg xf] / eQmsf]
b[li6df d eujfg\\ x'F eGg] 3f]if0ff unt xf] t/ b'j} cf–cfˆgf 7fpFdf ;xL 5g\ . eQmsf] vf]h k|]d xf]
/ p;sf nflu k|]d kof{Kt 5 . To;}n] hfGg' p;sf nflu Joy{ x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf JolQmx¿ :jfdL–;]js of k|]dL–k|]ldsf ;DaGwsf] efjn] dnfO{
;f]Rb5g\ . eQmx¿n] s}of}+ k|sf/sf ;DaGw agfPsf 5g\ . ;gftg wf/0ffdf k/dfTdf k'?if / ;fws

nf]suLtf– 381
cWofo–(
p;sL k|]o;L, kTgL jf bf;Lsf] ¿kdf x'G5] t/ O:nfd ;'kmLn] k/dfTdfnfO{ k|]o;L agfP/ cfkm"
p;sf] k|]dL ag]sf 5g\ . lxGb'x¿n] k/dfTdfnfO{ k|]dL dfg] eg] ;'kmLx¿n] k|]o;L dfg] . k|]dsf cGo
s}of}+ dfu{x¿ 5g\ . k/dfTdf cfdf–afa', k'q–k'qL klg x'g ;S5g\ / Tof] ;f/f ¿kx¿sf] r'gfj klg
eQmn] u/]sf] kfOG5 . h'g;'s} ;DaGw eP klg eQmn] ;DaGw cjZo vf]Hb5 lsgeg] ;DaGw g}
p;sf nflu k|]dsf] dfu{ aG5 . o; dfu{df eQmnfO{ ;DaGwsf ;3gtf, lgs6tf / cfTdLotfaf6
Pstf pknAw x'G5 . eQmsf] hLjgdf ;f/f Pstfsf] cGo ;DaGw e|flGt / wf]sf x'G5 t/
k/dfTdf;Fusf] ;DaGw dfq bf]xf]/f]kgdf klg Pstfsf] ;DjGw x'G5 hf] slxNo} 6'6\b}g . elQm k|]dsf]
zfZjttf / k|]dsf] k/d prfO xf] . k|]dsf] dfu{af6 rNg] JolQmx¿sf] ldng s]jn elQmsf] dfu{af6
dfq x'g ;S5 lsgeg] eQm k|]dsf] vf]h xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– t];|f] k|sf/sf c¿ JolQmx¿ klg 5g\ hf] w]/} lsl;dn] d]/f] pkf;gf
u5{g\ . oL t];|f]y/L JolQmx¿ d"ntM sd{;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . dg'iosf] dg;\sf tLg lx:;fx¿
1fg, elQm / sd{ 5g\ . 1fg xfd|f] dl:tisnfO{, elQm xfd|f] ÅbonfO{ / sd{ xfd|f] z/L/sf
sd]{lG›onfO{ s]G› agfP/ afFRb5 . lh;; eGg'x'G5– olb ltdL rr{df k|fy{gf ug{ cfPsf 5f} / ltd|f]
l5d]sL olb la/fdL 5 eg] rr{nfO{ 5f]8]/ l5d]sLsf] ;]jf u/≤ ToxL ltd|f] k|fy{gf tyf pkf;gf xf] .
lh;; eGg'x'G5– ;]jf g} wd{ xf] . O;fO{n] wd{sf] hut\df gofF k|ltefsf] hGd lbP / Tof] k|ltef ;]jf
xf] . ;f/f hut\sf JolQmx¿n] u/]sf ;]jfnfO{ hf]8\bf klg O;fO{x¿n] hlt ;]jf c¿n] u/]sf 5}gg\ .
sd{ g} wd{ xf] eGg] ulx/f] b[li6df O;fOot plePsf] 5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ e'n] klg km/s kb}{g t/
sd{nfO{ ge'Ng] k|lta4tf sd{of]uLx¿df x'G5 . of] sd{sf] dfu{df xfdL clwst/ JolQmx¿ 5f“}+ .
h;sf] JolQmTjsf] s]G› sd{ xf], hf] s]xL u/]/ dfq kfpg ;S5g\ / hf] JolQm sd{ gu/L /xg
;Sb}gg\ pgLx¿sf nflu sd{ g} Wofgsf] dfu{ x'G5 t/ pgLx¿n] sd{df nLg eP/ sd{ ug'{k5{ .
pgLx¿ o;/L sd{ u¿g\ ls stf{ g/xf];\ s]jn sd{ dfq arf];\ Pjd\ sd{ g} pkf;gf agf];\ . ;a}
k|sf/sf JolQmx¿n] hut\df k/dfTdfnfO{ kfPsf 5g\ . r}tGo gfr]/ kfpF5g\, a'4 z/L/nfO{ lgZrn
u/]/ kfpF5g\ / lh;; ;]jfaf6 k/dfTdf kfpF5g\ t/ xfdL s'g k|sf/sf JolQm xf}+ eg]/ hfGg'kb{5
lsgeg] csf{sf] af6f]af6 slxNo} klg uGtJo;Dd k'Ug ;lsGg / hLjg aaf{b x'g ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– t];|f] k|sf/sf JolQmx¿ klg 5g\, hf] dnfO{ cg]s k|sf/n] pkf;gf u5{g\ .
pkf;gf ljlw, lbzf / dfu{ ljleGg 5g\, rfx] Tof] :tf]q sd{ xf];\ of j]bljlxt sd{ xf];≤\ TfL ;a}
sd{df …dÚ g} x'G5' . o1sf] clUgsf] nk6df klg …dÚ g} 5' . lkt[nfO{ lbOg] cGg klg dnfO{ g} lbOg]
xf] lsgeg] …dÚ g} dxflkt[ x'F . …dÚ g} lktfx¿sf] lktf x'F lsgeg] …dÚ g} ;f/f ;[li6sf] ;''? hGd /
ljgfz cyf{t\ d[To'df 5' . cf}iflw, jg:kltdf klg …dÚ g} 5' . s;}n] km"n, jg:klt h];'s}n] k"hf u/]
Tof] dnfO{ g} xf] . dGq, 3[t, clUg / xjg ¿k lqmof klg d} x'F . o; k|;ª\udf >Ls[i0f olt dfq
eGg'x'G5– ltdLn] h] u/] klg olb lgi7fk"j{s dnfO{ :d/0f u/]sf 5f} eg] Tof] …dÚ g} x'F / dnfO{ g}
kfpg] 5f} . olb lgi7fk"j{s dnfO{ :d/0f ub}{ clUgdf l3p xflnof] eg] Tof] 3[t klg …dÚ g} x'F . leq
pkf;gf eof] eg] h] u/] klg dnfO{ kfpg] 5f} lsgeg] ;a} 7fpFdf …dÚ g} 5' . jf:tjdf s] u5f}{+
eGg] k|Zg xf]Og s'g efjn] u5f}{+ eGg] s'/f dxŒjk"0f{ xf] . k"hf xfdLn] oflGqs ¿kdf geP/ Åbosf]
k|f0faf6 ug{'k5{ . pkf;gfsf] cy{ k/dfTdfsf] ;tt :d/0f xf] . s'g} klg lqmofdf …d]/f]Ú :d[lt ;bf
alg/x]df Tof] o1 jf :tf]q, clUg jf xjg jf dGq–tGq h'g;'s} lqmof u/] klg ltdLn] dnfO{ g} leq
kfpg] 5f} .

nf]suLtf– 382
 cWofo–(
lktfxd:o hutf] dftf wftf lktfdxM .
j]B+ kljqdf]Íf/ CS;fd oh'/]j r ..!&..
o; ljZja|Xdf08sf ;|i6f Pjd\ lktf, dftf, kfngkf]if0f ug]{ wftf / lktfdx …dÚ x'F . …dÚ
hfGgof]Uo j:t' x',F kljq cf]ª\sf/ x'F / CUj]b, ;fdj]b / oh'j]{b klg …dÚ g} x'F ..
ulte{tf{ k|e'M ;fIfL lgjf;M z/0f+ ;'Åt\ .
k|ejM k|noM :yfg+ lgwfg+ aLhdJood\ ..!*..
…dÚ g} ;a}sf] ult jf nIo, :jfdL, ;fIfL, cf>o:yn, z/0f, k/dldq, pTklQ, k|nosf]
cfwf/ x'F≤ …dÚ g} lj>fd:yn / cljgfzL aLh x'F ..
dfu{x¿ cg]s eP klg uGtJo Pp6} 5 . To:t} k|e'sf] ¿k klg cg]s 5 t/ h'g ¿kflot
ePsf] 5 Tof] Ps 5 . p;sf] s'g} ¿ksf] ;Ldf 5}g . h;n] h'g ¿kdf p;nfO{ vf]Hg rfxG5, vf]Hg
;S5 lsgeg] ;a} ¿k p;s} xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û …dÚ g} of] ;Dk"0f{ hut\sf] wftf
cyf{t\ wf/0f ug]{jfnf x'F . wd{sf] cy{ wf/0f ug{ of]Uo xf] . wd{sf] cy{ l/lnhg (Religion) xf]Og .
(Religion) sf] df}l ns cy{ aGwg h;af6 xfdL afFlwPsf 5f}+“ eGg] xf] t/ lxGb"x¿ afFlwPsf] g7fg]/
wf/0f ul/Psf] dfGb5g\ . klZrdn] wd{nfO{ afFlwg] b[li6n] x]/]sf sf/0f ToxfF wd{af6 d'Qm x'g] k|of;
klg TolQs} ePsf] kfOG5 . h;af6 xfdL afFlwPsf 5f“},+ To;af6 d'Qm klg x'g rfxG5f}+“ . lxGb"x¿
wd{nfO{ aGwg xf]Og d'lQm dfGb5g\ .
To;}n] wd{sf] cy{ h;n] xfdLnfO{ wf/0f u/]sf] 5 / xfdL p;}af6 pTkGg ePsf 5f}+“ eGg]
xf] . h:tf] h/f / hldgsf lar k|f0fsf] ;DaGw x'G5 To:t} wd{ xfd|f] k|f0fsf] ;|f]t xf] . h;/L
h/fnfO{ k[YjLn] hLjg lbPsf] 5 To:t} wd{n] xfdLnfO{ hLjg lbPsf] 5 . xfdL hlt wd{dfu{df
ulxl/G5f}+ Tolt g} xfd|f] hLjg pRr x'G5 . ;gftg wd{sf b[li6df xfdL wd{af6 cnu x'g rfXof“}+ eg]
klg cnu x'g ;Sb}gf}+ lsgeg] wd{ xfd|f] k|f0fsf] cfwf/ xf] / wd{ljgf xfd|f] cl:tTj x'g} ;Sb}g . wd{
xfd|f] cfTdf xf] . dxfjL/n] wd{nfO{ xfd|f] :jefj eGg'ePsf] 5 . :jefj eGg' klg pxL xf] lsgeg]
:jefjn] g} xfdLnfO{ wf/0f u/]sf] 5 jf h;n] xfdLnfO{ wf/0f u/]sf] 5 ToxL xfd|f] :jefj xf] .
>Ls[i0f klxn] cfˆgf] kl/ro lbg'x'G5 / eGg'x'G5– …dÚ wd{ x'F / wftf x'F cyf{t\ ;f/f hut\nfO{
wf/0f ug]{jfnf x'F . h;n] xfdLnfO{ wf/0f u/]sf] 5 p;nfO{ xfdLn] e'n] klg k/ x'g ;Sb}gf}+“ . p;sf]
lj:d/0f x'g ;S5, t/ xfdL p;;Fu la5f]l8g ;Sb}gf“}+ . xfdL hGd–hGdfGt/;Dd lal;{g t ;S5f}+“ t/
6f9f x'g ;Sb}gf“}+ . c¿x¿n] wd{nfO{ Pp6f lzIffsf] ¿kdf lnPsf 5g\ t/ lxGb"x¿n] lzIffsf ;fy}
k'gM :d/0f klg eg]sf 5g\ . xfdL k/dfTdfnfO{ e'Ng ;S5f}+“ t/ x/fpg ;Sb}gf}+“ . of] h/f h;sf]
cf8df j[If plePsf] x'G5 p;nfO{ e'Ng g;s] h:t} wd{ klg To:t} xf] . >Ls[i0f …dÚ Tof] x'F h;n]
;a}nfO{ wf/0f u/]sf] 5 eGg'x'G5 . sf]xL hfg"g\ of ghfg"g\, lrg"g\ of glrg"g\, :d[lt cfP klg gcfP
klg jf dnfO{ k/dfTdf 5}g eg]/ gsf/] klg oL ;a}nfO{ d}n] g} wf/0f u/]sf] 5' . JolQm hlt;'s}
gfl:ts eP klg, k/dfTdfnfO{ e'n] of lj:d/0f u/] klg pgLx¿ ;a}nfO{ k/dfTdfn] wf/0f u/]sf]
x'G5 . O{Zj/;Fu hlt efu] klg Ps lbg p;n] h;af6 eflu/x]sf] 5' pxL O{Zj/ xf] eGg] 1fg kfpg]
5.
lxGb"x¿ h;n] cl:tTjnfO{ g} wf/0f u/]sf] 5 Tof] O{Zj/ xf] eg]/ dfGb5g\ . xfdLnufot j[If,
gbL, ;"o{–rGb|, cfuf]–hn / lk|o–clk|o j:t'nfO{ wf/0f ug]{ klg O{Zj/ g} xf] . cd[t dfq xf]Og ljif
klg O{Zj/ xf] . O{Zj/ljgf s]xL klg x'g ;Sb}g . cl:tTjsf] ;f/ O{Zj/ xf], hGd–d[To', ;[hg–k|no
;a} s'/f O{Zj/ x'g\ . xfdLn] k|s6eGbf ck|s6, ¿keGbf c¿k, j[IfeGbf h/fdf To;sf] vf]h ug{'k5{

nf]suLtf– 383
cWofo–(
hf] n's]/ ;a}nfO{ wf/0f u/]/ ;Xdfln/x]sf] 5 . s[i0f h;n] wd{sf] vf]h ub{5 pm …dÚ sxfF k'Ug] 5
eGg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ lktf x'F, dftf x'F, lktfdx x'F . xfdL o; hut\df hGd / d[To'sf
larsf] cjlwdf x'G5f“}+ t/ of] hut\ t slxn] klg vfnL 5}g . To;}n] hGdeGbf cl3 klg xfdL s'g}
g s'g} ¿kdf x'g} kb{5 cGoyf xfd|f] k|of]hg x'g ;Sb}g . hut\ Pp6f >[ª\vnf xf] hxfF k|To]s s8L
cl3Nnf] s8L;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 ;fy} x/]s s8L kl5Nnf] s8L;Fu klg hf]l8G5 . h;nfO{ xfdL hGd
eG5f“},+ Tof] Pp6f s8Lsf] ;''?jft xf] / h;nfO{ xfdL d[To' eGb5f“}+, Tof] Pp6f s8Lsf] cGt xf] .
cl3Nnf] s8L n's]sf] x'G5 / cfpg] jfnf s8L cufl8 g} df}h'b x'G5 . o; hut\df s]xL klg
ljlR5Gg 5}g . hut\ Pp6f cljlR5Gg >[ª\vnf / k|jfx xf] . olb O{Zj/nfO{ vf]Hg' 5 eg] k|jfxnfO{
vf]Hg' k5{ .
xfdL x'Fbf klg hut\ lyof] / xfdL geP klg of] hut\ /xg] 5 . olb d]/f] >[ª\vnf 5}g / d
Ps} hGddf ;dfKt ePF eg] d t s]jn Ps 6'qmf dfq x'G5' . klZrdsf b[li6df xfdL Ps 6'qmf dfq
xf“}+ . ToxfF hLjgnfO{ ;+3if{sf] b[li6sf]0fn] x]l/G5 . xfdL of] ;bf /xg] cl:tTjeGbf cnu xf}F eg]
hLjg Ps ;ª\3if{ x'G5 t/ olb of] cl:tTj;Fu xfdL Ps 5f}F eg] hLjg ;ª\3if{ xf]Og ;dk{0f x'G5 .
klZrdsf] efiff ;ª\3if{ / o'4sf] efiff xf] t/ k"jL{o b[li6sf]0f km/s 5 . xfdL cl:tTj;Fu s;/L
n8\g ;S5f“},+ hf] xfd|f] k|f0f xf] / h;n] xfdLnfO{ wf/0f u/]sf] 5 . xfd|f] p;;Fu s'g} ;ª\3if{ x'g}
;Sb}g lsgeg] xfdL p;}df g} afFr]sf 5f}“ / pxL xfd|f] hLjgsf] cfwf/ xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ
ltdLdf dfq xf]Og, ltd|f dftf–lktf, lktfdx / pgLx¿sf klg dftf–lktfdf klg 5' . s[i0f
>[ª\vnfsf af/]df eGb} x'g'x'G5 . ltd|f dftf–lktf, lktfdx cflbdf klg ltdL lyof} / ltdL cfˆgf]
;Gtfgdf klg /xg] 5f} . of] hut\ xfdLaf6 slxn] vfnL klg lyPg / slxn] vfnL x'Fb}g . of] hut\
;bf xfdLaf6 el/P/ g} /xG5 lsgeg] xfdL o; hut\sf clgjfo{ lx:;f xf}“ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ
cgGt >[ª\vnf x'F h;sf] ltdL Ps lx:;f xf} . cl:tTj;Fu cnu g;lDemPkl5 dfq JolQm wd{df
plqG5 . xfdL s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf ;b}j lyof“} / x'g] 5f}F lsgeg] xfdL of] nfdf] >[Înfsf c+z xf“} .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hfGgof]Uo kljq cf]ª\sf/ …dÚ x'F . cf]ª\sf/ o; hut\sf] cfTolGts clGtd
cg'ej xf] . s[i0f ljut dfq xf]Og ltd|f] eljiosf] ;a} ;Defjgf klg …dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 . o; hut\df
ctLt dfq xf]Og eljio klg …dÚ g} x'F . eljiodf 36\g ;Sg] clGtd 36gf cf]ª\sf/ -ç_ klg …dÚ
x'F . JolQmn] ;f/f hut\nfO{ Ps cg'ej ubf{ h'g Wjlg al;{G5 / h'g d"n dGq u'lGhG5 Tof] d"n
dGqsf] gfd cf]ª\sf/ xf] . cf]ª\sf/ hut\sf] k/d zflGtdf u'lGhg] ;ËLtsf] w'g xf] . ;ËLt b'O{
k|sf/sf] x'G5 Pp6f cfxt gfb h;nfO{ kfpg :j/3if{0faf6 l;h{gf ug{'kb{5 / csf]{ cgfxt gfb hf]
cfkm}“ cGt/Ëaf6 ljgf cfxtsf] cl:tTjsf] ¿kdf u'l~ht x'G5 ToxL cf]ª\sf/ xf] .
cf]ª\sf/ Tof] Wjlgsf] gfd xf] hxfF s'g} Jof3ft x'Fb}g . hxfF ;a} ;ª\3if{ ;dfKt x'G5, ToxfF
k/d zflGtdf Pp6f Wjlg u'lGhG5 . clxn];Dd hfg]sf] Wjlg ;a} k}bf ul/Psf] Wjlg xf] t/ cf]ª\sf/
k}bf ul/Psf] Wjlg xf]Og, of] hut\sf] :jefj xf] . cf]ª\sf/af/] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] clGtd klg …dÚ
x'F . h'g lbg ;a} czflGt ;dfKt eP/ zfGt z"Godf h'g Wjlg ;'lgg] 5 Tof] Wjlg …dÚ x'F . ;a}
;dfKt ePkl5 klg h] z]if x'G5, Tof] …dÚ x'F . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ha ;a} ;dfKt x'G5, ta klg …dÚ
z]if /xG5' . ha s]xL aRb}g ta klg …dÚ aRb5' . …dÚ slxNo} klg ;dfKt x'GgF lsgeg] …dÚ slxNo}
klg ag]sf] g} 5}g . hf] aG5 Tof] gfl;G5 t/ hf] ;bfaf6 5 Tof] ;bf /xG5 . cf]ª\sf/sf] cy{ xf]
d"ne"t ;To hf] ;bf /xG5 h;df ¿k aG5 / gfl;G5 . of] dg'iosf] cg'ejsf] cfTolGts / k/d

nf]suLtf– 384
 cWofo–(
cg'ej xf] . of] Wjlg x/38L rln/x]sf] 5 t/ xfdL xfd|f] xNnf of cfjfhdf cEo:t eO;s]sf
sf/0f of] Wjlg ;'Gg ;Sb}gf}+ . of] leq cGtt{dsf] Wjlg xf] h;nfO{ xfd|f] OlG›oaf6 ;'Gg ;lsGg . of]
Wjlg g} hut\sf] cfwf/ xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ Tof] k/d cl:tTj x'F hxfF s]jn Tof] cf]ª\sf/ Wjlg dfq /xG5 . Tof]
Wjlg slxNo} k}bf ePsf] 5}g / slxNo} db}{g hf] cl:tTjsf] d"n cfwf/ xf] . ToxfF k'Ugsf nflu
cfˆgf] dgsf ;a} WjlgnfO{ Ps Ps u/]/ x6fpg'kb{5 . Ps Ps zAb, Ps Ps ljrf/nfO{ x6fpFb}
dgsf] Tof] cj:yfdf k'Ug'kb{5 hxfF lgWj{lg cyf{t\ Wjlg/lxttf xf];\ . h'g lbg dg z"Go x'G5 To;
lbg cf]ª\sf/sf] Wjlg k|s6 x'G5 . of] dg'iosf] cfTolGts cj:yf / eljio klg xf] . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– …dÚ CUj]b, ;fdj]b / oh'j]{b klg x'F . cf]ª\sf/kl5 j]bsf] s'/f eGgfsf] k|of]hg 5 . Tof]
k/d Wjlg;Dd k'Ug] ;d:t zf:q klg …dÚ g} x'F lsgeg] d]/f cltl/Qm d]/f] Tof] u'Xotd ¿klt/
O;f/f s;}n] ug{ ;Sb}g . …dÚ tkm{ cf}+nf p7fpg klg …dÚ afx]s s;}n] ;Sb}g . j]bsf] cy{ Tof] ;a}
1fg xf] h;n] cf]ª\sf/lt/ O;f/f u/]sf] 5 / Tof] k/d Wjlgdf hfg] dfu{ atfPsf] 5 .
>Ls[i0fn] tLg j]bsf gfd lng'ePsf] 5 lsgeg] dg'io klg tLg k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . To;}n]
tLg k|sf/sf] j]b x'G5 / tLg k|sf/sf] dg / 1fg x'G5 . sd{af6 stf{kgnfO{ x6fPdf / 1fgn]
å}taf6 kf/ eP/ cå}tdf k|j]z u/]df klg cf]ª\sf/df pknAw xf]OG5 . Tof] ;d:t O;f/f h;n]
cf]ª\sf/tkm{ n}hfG5 Tof] j]b xf] . hxfF 1fg 5, ToxLF j]b 5 . s[i0fn] uLtf eGg' x'Fbf ;f/f 1fg j]bsf
tLg k':tsx¿df ;ª\u|lxt lyof] . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] tLg k':tssf] gfd eGg' ePsf] xf] . j]b Pp6f
ljsf;zLn wf/f xf] / j]b s'g} ;Lldt lstfa xf]Og . j]bdf ;os8f“}+ Clifx¿sf jrg 5g\ / Tof]
;do;Dd Clifx¿df h'g 1fg lyof] Tof] j]bdf ;ª\u|lxt ePsf] lyof] . >Ls[i0fn] ha …dÚ j]b x'F
eGg'eof], ta;Ddsf] ;a} / ;f/f 1fg tL tLg lstfadf ;ª\u|lxt lyP / j]b cfkm}df hLjGt u|Gy
lyof] . x] ch{'g Û k|fKt x'gof]Uo uGtJo, e/0f–kf]if0f ug]{ jfnf, ;a}sf] :jfdL, ;a}sf] ;fIfL, ;a}sf]
jf;:yfg, z/0f lngof]Uo, lxtsf/L, pTklQ–l:ylt / nosf] sf/0f, cfwf/, lgbfg / Tof] h;df
;a}sf] no x'G5, cljgfzL / aLh sf/0f klg …dÚ g} x'F .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– uGtJo cyf{t\ cflv/L wfd hf] kfpgof]Uo 5 Tof] …dÚ g} x'F / d]/f cltl/Qm
s]xL klg kfpgof]Uo 5}g . k/dfTdfsf cltl/Qm h] kfpgdf JolQm nfu]sf] 5 jf:tjdf Tof] kfpg
geP/ pm u'dfpg nfu]sf] x'G5 . k/dfTdfsf cltl/Qm h] klg kfpF5f}, Tof] ;Dkbf gagL ljklQ dfq
aGb5 . xfdLn] h] Pslqt u/] klg Tof] ;a} Ps g Ps lbg d[To'n] vf]:g] 5 . k/dfTdf dfq Pp6f
o:tf] ;Dkbf xf] h;nfO{ d[To'n] vf]:g ;Sb}g . ;a}sf] :jfdL, ;a}sf] ;fIfL, ;a}sf] jf;:yfg /
;a}nfO{ rnfpg]jfnf …dÚ x'F . hf] ;a}nfO{ x]l//x]sf] 5 Tof] klg …dÚ x'F . z/0f lngof]Uo lxt ug]{jfnf
/ pTklQ–k|no klg …dÚ x'F . ltd|f] hGd …dÚ af6 eof], ltdLnfO{ d}n] ;Xdfn]F, / ltdL …dÚdf g} nLg
x'g] 5f}+ lsgeg] ;a}sf] clGtd aLh sf/0f …dÚ g} x'F . s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ oL s'/f eGb} x'g'x'G5 lsgeg]
ch{'g cfk"m lsg oL ;a}nfO{ df¿F eg]/ ;f]Wb} 5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL Joy{df
cfkm"nfO{ stf{ ;De]m/ lrGtf gu/ lsgeg] …dÚ agfpF5', ;≈dfN5' / …dÚ g} gi6 u5'{ . ltdL cfkm"nfO{
ug]{jfnf x'F eg]/ g;f]r . ch{'g o'4df hfg' kfk ePsf] ;f]Rb5g\ t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– :jfdL …dÚ x'F,
;fIfL …dÚ x'F, lgdf{tf …dÚ x'F eg] ltdLnfO{ of] kfk xf] eGg] nfUg' unt xf] . ltd|f] clGtd ;fIfL …dÚ x'F
/ ltdLn] h] u/] klg d}n] g} ltdL leqaf6 ug]{ xf] lsgeg] ;a}sf] cfwf/, lktf–dftf, ctLt /
eljio klg …dÚ g} x'F .

nf]suLtf– 385
cWofo–(
ch{'gsf] cxª\sf/n] cfkm"nfO{ lg0ff{os ;lDem/x]sf] 5 . cxª\sf/ ;dk{0f ug{ tof/ x'Fb}g .
JolQm cfˆgf] OR5fn] hlGdPsf] xf]Og / cfkm"nfO{ ;XDffNg klg ;lSbgF eGg] af]w kZrft\ dfq
;dk{0f x'g ;S5 . cfˆgf] cGt s'g If0fdf x'G5 Tof] s;}nfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g . Pp6f Zjf; rn]g eg]
csf]{ Zjf; lng klg ;lsFb}g . ch'{g o:tf] c;xfo cj:yfdf klg l7s / a]l7ssf] lg0f{o ug{ vf]Hb}
5g\ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ oxL s'/f ;DemfpFb} x'g'x'G5– ltdLn] x]¥of} eg] tndfly, rf/}lt/ …dÚ dfq
5fPsf] 5' . ltdL cfˆgf] d efjnfO{ 5f]8 lsgeg] of] cxª\sf/ g} ltd|f] b'v / kfk xf] . ha ltdL
ld6\g] 5f}, ta k/dfTdf dfq cyf{t\ …dÚ dfq z]if /xG5' . Tof] lbg g s'g} kfk x'G5 g s'g} k'0o,
s]jn k/dfTdfsf] OR5f dfq z]if /xG5 . Tof] lbg ltd|f] g s'g} st{Jo g s'g} cst{Jo g} x'G5 . Tof]
lbg xfjf rn] h:tf] / ;"o{ lglSnP h:tf] ;a} ;xh / :jtM:km"t{ x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f Tof] lbzfdf ch{'gnfO{ O;f/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 / eGg'x'G5– ltdL logLx¿nfO{ dfg]{jfnf xf}
eGg] klg g;f]r lsgeg] ltdL logLx¿nfO{ arfpg]jfnf klg xf]Ogf} . of] o'4 z'e jf cz'e ePsf]
lg0f{o ug{ klg cfjZos 5}g lsgeg] ltdL s]jn lgldQ dfq xf} . …dÚ ;fu/ x'F, ltdL …dÚ af6 g}
p7]sf Ps nx/ xf}, hf] …dÚdf g} ljnLg x'G5 . ha ltdL lyPgf}, ta klg …dÚ lyPF / ha ltdL
x'Fb}gf}, ta klg …dÚ x'G5' . ltdL cfˆgf] stf{efjnfO{ …dÚdf 5f]l8b]pm . dnfO{ stf{ x'g b]pm / ltdL
d]/f] pks/0f ag . ltdL lardf cfof} eg] ToxL ltd|f] b'v kL8f / ;Gtfk aGb5 . >Ls[i0fn] of] ;f/f
s'/f atfpg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f ch{'gsf] cxª\sf/ ;dfKt kfg{ xf] . ch{'g ;a} …dÚ x'F eg]/ 7fGb5g\ t/
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL hf] cfkm"nfO{ s]G› dflg/x]sf 5f} Tof] ;a} …dÚ k/dfTdfdf g} lglxt 5 eGg]
ljrf/ /fv / k|1fsf] cfFvf vf]n .
tkfDoxdx+ jif{+ lgu[X0ffDo'T;[hfld r .
cd[t+ r}j d[To'Zr ;b;Rrfxdh{'g ..!(..
x] ch{'g Û d}n] g} ljZjsNof0fsf nflu ;"o{sf dfWodaf6 tfk k|bfg ub{5', hnnfO{ cfslif{t
u/]/ jiff{ u/fpF5' . …dÚ g} cd[t tyf d[To' x',F ;t\ / c;t\ klg …dÚ g} x'F ..
q}ljBf df+ ;f]dkfM k"tkfkf–
o1}l/i6\jf :ju{lt+ k|fy{oGt] .
t] k'0odf;fB ;'/]G›nf]s–
dZglGt lbJoflGblj b]jef]ufg\ ..@)..
k/Gt'' tLg} j]baf6 ljwfg ul/Psf] ;sfd sd{ ug]{jfnf, ;f]d/; kfg ug]{jfnf, kfk/lxt k'?if
dnfO{ o1åf/f k'h]/ :ju{sf] k|flKt rfxG5g\ . o:tf k'?if cfˆgf] k'0osf] kmn:j¿k OG›nf]sdf k'u]/
b]jtfsf] h:t} ljljw ef]u ef]U5g\ ..
hLjg / cl:tTj Ps eP klg dgn] ;a} s'/fnfO{ tf]8]/ x]b{5 . dgn] gtf]8Lsg s]xL b]Vg}
;Sb}g . dgsf] x]g]{ k|lqmofdf g} hLjg v08–v08 x'G5 . k|sfzsf] ls/0f sfFrsf] 6'qmfdf kbf{ ;ft
/Ëdf ljeflht x'G5 . t/ k|sfzsf] ls/0f cljefHo 5 / cfkm"df cv08 5 . xfd|f] dgn] sfFrsf]
6'qmfn] ls/0fnfO{ ;ft 6'qmfdf tf]8] h:t} u/]/ cl:tTjnfO{ tf]8\5 . dgn] slxn] klg k"/f b]Vg
;Sb}g . ;fgf]eGbf ;fgf] s0fnfO{ klg dgn] k"0f{ ¿kdf b]Vg ;Sb}g . Pp6f s0f t k"/f gb]Vg] dgn]
lj/f6\nfO{ k"/f b]Vg ;Dej g} 5}g . dgaf6 lgld{t ;+;f/sf ;a} zf:qx¿ k"0f{tflt/ n}hfg ;Sb}gg\ .
b'lgofFdf b'O{ k|sf/sf zf:qx¿ 5g\– Pp6f dgnfO{ d]6]/ k"0f{nfO{ hfg]sf JolQmx¿af6 lgld{t zf:q
/ csf]{ h;n] dgnfO{ cWoog, ljrf/, dgg–lrGtg, ts{ / cg'ejaf6 lzlIft Pjd\ Jojl:yt u/]/

nf]suLtf– 386
 cWofo–(
hut\sf ;DaGwdf ljsl;t u/]sf] zf:q . wd{ / bz{gdf oxL km/s 5 . wd{ tL JolQmx¿sf] jQmJo
xf] h;n] dgnfO{ lgoGq0f u/]/ cl:tTj cljefHo, cv08 5 eg]/ hfGg ;kmn eP . bz{g To:tf
JolQmx¿sf] zf:q xf] h;n] dgnfO{ ljsl;t, k|lzlIft u/]/ hut\sf ;DaGwdf Pp6f b[li6 lgdf{0f
u/] . To;}n] bz{gzf:q cw'/f] zf:q xf] .
;f]qm]l6h, Kn]6f], Pl/:6f]6n, sfG6 / lxunx¿n] h] hlt eg] klg pgLx¿sf] egfO pgLx¿sf]
k|tLlt geP/ ljrf/sf] lgisif{ dfq xf] . of] pgLx¿sf] dgs} b[li6 xf], dgaf6 d'Qm ;fIffTsf/
xf]Og . dgaf6 bz{gzf:q hlGdG5 / dgaf6 kf/ ePkl5 wd{ hlGdG5 . ha s'g} c+z k"0f{sf af/]df
eGb5, Tof] cw'/f] / c;To x'G5 . dgn] O{Zj/ 5}g eg] hlts} dgn] O{Zj/ 5 eGg' klg c;To
x'G5 . kfFr xhf/ jif{df dg'ion] w]/} k|sf/sf bz{gzf:qnfO{ hGd lbP h;n] Ps–csf{;Fu snx u/]/
Ps–csf{nfO{ unt ;flat ug{ vf]lh/x] . dgn] c+znfO{ dfq b]Vg ;S5 . To;}n] dgnfO{ k"0f{sf]
vf]hdf nufof] eg] ToxL e'n x'G5 .
wd{df s'g} ljjfb x'g ;Sb}g . ;a} ljjfb bz{gsf] xf] . k|To]s wd{ tyfslyt kl08tx¿sf]
cg'kl:yltdf hlGdG5 / kl5 ;a} wd{ kl08t / k'/f]lxtx¿sf] xftdf kb{5≤ oxL b'ef{Uo x'G5 . ha
Tof] cg'ejnfO{ JolQmx¿n] hfGg vf]H5g\, pgLx¿ dgn] g} hfGb5g\ / Tof] dgaf6 hfGg' cf+lzs
dfq x'G5 . o;/L ag]sf] zf:q / wd{ cw'/f] x'G5 . wd{ ha hlGdG5, ta k"0f{ x'G5 t/ ha rNg
yfN5 ta cw'/f] / ck"0f{ x'G5 . h;sf] dg ldl6;s]sf] x'G5 To:tf] JolQmdf wd{sf] hGd x'G5 / pm
k"0f{nfO{ hfGb5 . df]xDdb / dxfjL/ lardf s'g} åGå 5}g . To:t} a'4 / lh;;sf lar klg s'g} åGå
5}g t/ lxGb", d';ndfg, O;fO{, af}4 / h}gsf lardf åGå 5 . dgn] ;a} s'/fnfO{ lj/f]wdf afF8]/
x]b{5 . dgn] ha s'g} s'/fnfO{ tf]8]/ x]b{5, ta b'O{sf lardf lj/f]w vf]Hb5 . olb hLjgnfO{ dgn]
x]¥of] eg] p;n] hLjgsf] b'O{ lx:;f hGd / d[To' b]V5 . dgn] hGd / d[To'nfO{ Ps dfGg ;Sb}g .
hLjgdf hGd / d[To' Pp6} s'/fsf b'O{ gfd / lj:tf/ x'g\ hf] hGdaf6 ;'? x'G5g\ / d[To'df
k"0f{ x'G5g\ t/ dg k|j]z ug]{lalQs} hGd / d[To'nfO{ b'O{ lj/f]wL lx:;fdf afFl8lbG5 . dgn] JolQmnfO{
klg b'O{ lx:;fdf afF8]/ /fd|f]–g/fd|f] eg]/ tf]8\5 t/ /fd|f] g/fd|f] Pp6} s'/fsf] lj:tf/ xf] . dgn] /fd
/ /fj0f cyf{t\ ;fw' / c;fw' Pp6} s'/fsf b'O{ lx:;f x'g\ eg]/ dfGg ;Sb}g . /fd / /fj0f xfd|f ]
dgsf sf/0f zq' x'G5g\ cGoyf oL b'j} cl:tTjdf Pp6} ljzfn nLnfsf b'O{ 5]p x'g\ . /fj0fljgf
/fdfo0f ;Dej g} x'Fb}g / /fd klg /fj0f ljgf cw'/f /xG5g\ . /fd / /fj0fsf] cl:tTj Ps csf{ljgf
x'g} ;Sb}g eg] b'j}nfO{ zq' b]Vg' xfd|f] dgsf] e'n xf] . dgnfO{ x6fpg] xf] eg] of] o'4 klg s]jn
b'j}tkm{ Ps} pmhf{ Ps} zlQmsf] axfjsf] xf] . xfdL dgaf6 aflx/ x]g{df cEo:t ePsfn] ;a} s'/fnfO{
afF8]/ /fd|f]–g/fd|f] b[li6n] x]5f}{+ .
t/ hLjg of] b[li6cg';f/ rNb}g . hLjgdf ha ljk/Lt Ps eP/ ldN5, ta cg'ej k|fKt
x'G5 . ha;Dd bz{g 5 ta;Dd dg x'Fb}g t/ ha bz{g;Fu zAb / ljrf/ hf]l8G5 ta dgsf] ult
;''? x'G5 . dg ljrf/ / zAbnfO{ hGdfpg] oGq xf] . ha JolQm lgMzAb x'G5, ta dg x/fpF5 . xfdL
hxfF s]xL b]V5f“}, ToxfF ljk/Ltsf] efj dgn] ;'? ub{5 . ;f}Gbo{ b]Vg] lalQs} s'¿ksf] ljrf/ dgdf
cfpF5 . dg x6\g] lalQs} g ;'Gb/ g s'¿k h] h:tf] 5 To:t} x'G5 . Wofgsf] cj:yfdf dg /xFb}g /
x/fpF5 . dg / cdgsf af/]df hfGof] eg] s[i0fsf] o; sygnfO{ a'‰g ;lhnf] x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– …dÚ g} ;"o{ ¿k eP/ tkfpF5' / …dÚ g} jiff{nfO{ klg cfslif{t u5{' . …dÚ g} jiff{ x'F / …dÚ g}
a;f{pF5' . xfdL cfuf] / hnnfO{ ;bf ljk/Lt g} dfG5f“}+ t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cfuf] / jiff{ b'j} …dÚ g}
x'F . …dÚ g} Tof] ;"o{ xF' hf] k|sfzjfg\ / ;GtKt 5 Pjd\ …dÚ g} jiff{ x'F hf] ;"o{;Fu cfslif{t x'G5 . olb
dgnfO{ lj;lh{t u/]/ cl:tTjnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] ;"o{n] g} jiff{nfO{ cfslif{t ub{5 . ;"o{n] g} ;fu/af6
nf]suLtf– 387
cWofo–(
kfgLnfO{ afbn agfpF5 / a;f{pF5 clg cfuf] / kfgLdf ePsf] ljk/Lttf / j}dg:o klg xfd|f]
dgsf] sf/0fn] g} ePsf] xf] eGg] dfGg ;lsG5 . of] j}dg:o /fd / /fj0fsf] h:t} xf] . ;"o{ljgf kfgL
x'g} ;Sb}g / kfgLljgf ;"o{ x'g ;Sb}g . pgLx¿ b'j} ulx/f]df ;+o'Qm / Pslqt 5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ g} cd[t clg …dÚ g} ljif x'F . ;+;f/df ;gftg b[li6sf]0fdf dfq
O{Zj/;Fu ljgfznfO{ klg hf]8]/ x]l/G5 . c¿ s'g} klg wfld{s cf:yfdf o:tf] ;f]lrFb}g . O{Zj/nfO{
;h{s dflgG5 / ljgfzsf nflu cs}{ Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;fy} k[YjLdf ePsf ;a} lrGtgx¿
O{Zj/nfO{ hLjg ¿kdf dfq dfGb5g\ t/ ;gftgLafx]s sf]xL klg O{Zj/ d[To' klg xf] eg]/ dfGg
tof/ 5}gg\ . o;sf] sf/0f klg dg xf] / dgsf] ljefhg / ljk/Lt b]Vg] b[li6sf]0faf6 of] cnu
b]lvPsf] xf] . O{Zj/ cd[t / ljif b'j} xf] lsgeg] hLjg b'j} xf] t/ dgsf sf/0f xfdL d[To'nfO{
hLjgsf] ljk/Lt dfGb5f}+“ . hLjgnfO{ /fd|f] / d[To'nfO{ g/fd|f] dfG5f}+“ t/ hLjgljgf d[To' x'g} ;Sb}g .
oL Ps} j:t'sf b'O{ 5]p x'g\ . hLjgnfO{ h;n] k"0f{ ub{5 Tof] d[To' xf] . hLjg d[To'df k'u]/ cfˆgf]
r/d lzv/df k'U5 . klZrdn] hLjgsf] ;dflKt d[To'nfO{ dfG5 . k"j{n] d[To' hLjgsf] k"0f{tf / gofF
hGdsf] ;''?jft dfG5 . dgaf6 hLjgnfO{ x]¥of+}“ eg] d[To' b'vsf] sf/0f xf] / hGd ;'vsf] sf/0f xf]
t/ dgsf] kf/af6 x]bf{ hGd / d[To' ljk/Lt xf]Ogg\ b'j} hLjgsf wf/f x'Gf\ . hLjgdf hGd / d[To'
gbLsf b'O{ lsgf/f x'g\ . o;nfO{ ljk/Lt dfGg' xfd|f] e|flGt dfq xf] / ulx/fOdf oL b'j} PsTj ¿kdf
;+o'Qm 5g\ . cl:tTj ;+o'Qm 5 t/ dgn] o;nfO{ afF8\5 . cl:tTjn] km"n / sfF9fnfO{ Ps;fy hLjg
k|bfg ub{5 . dgn] km"n /fd|f] / sfF9f g/fd|f] eg]/ ljefhg ub{5 .
>Ls[i0f …dÚ d[To' klg x'F eGg'x'G5 . xfd|f] wd{df d[To'sf b]jtf h;sf] k|tLs b]v]/ klZrdsf
wfld{s dflg;x¿ cfZro{rlst x'G5g\ . dxfb]j hf] d[To'sf b]jtf x'g\ pgsf] k|tLs lzjlnËnfO{
xfdL k"hf u5f}{+ . xfd|f] wd{df a|Xdn] ;[hg, lji0f'n] kfng / lzjn] ;+xf/ u5{g\ . lzj ljWj+; /
d[To'sf b]jtf dflgG5g\ t/ lzjlnË h'g hgg]lG›osf] k|tLs xf]≤ To;}n] Tof] ;[hgfsf] k|tLs klg
xf] . lzjlnË hGd / hLjgsf] k|tLs xf] t/ zÍ/ d[To'sf b]jtf x'g\ . ljWj+;sf b]jtf h;n] ;f/f
hut\nfO{ ljgfz u5{, p;sf] k|tLs hGd / hLjgsf] 5 h;af6 ;f/f hut\ ljsl;t x'G5 o:tf]
k|tLs b]v]/ klZrdsf JolQmx¿ crlDdt x'G5g\ . klZrdsf JolQmx¿n] of] k|tLs zÍ/sf] z}nL;Fu
d]n g} vfFb}g eG5g\ . o;sf] sf/0f oxL xf] hf] >Ls[i0f eGb} x'g'x'G5– …dÚ g} cd[t / …dÚ g} ljif klg
x'F, oyfy{df d[To' klg …dÚ g} x'F . of] ljk/Lt k|tLs h:tf] b]lvG5 t/ lxGb"x¿n] ;b}j ljk/Lt leqsf]
wf/fnfO{ a'emfpg] k|of;:j¿k hfgL hfgL ljgfzsf b]jtfnfO{ ;[hgfsf] k|tLs /fv]sf x'g\ . h;nfO{
ljWj+;sf] clGtd ;Ldf 5'g' 5 pm hGdsf] k|f/Dedf klg df}h'b x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/f hfg]/ g} of] k|tLs
/flvPsf] xf] . h;nfO{ d[To'sf] dfu{ aGg' 5 p;nfO{ hGdsf] klg åf/ aGg'k5{ . >Ls[i0f cem sl7g
s'/f eGg'x'G5– ;t\ / c;t\ klg …dÚ g} x'F . ;t\sf] cy{ xf] hf] 5 / c;t\sf] cy{ xf] hf] 5}g . hf] 5
Tof] t …dÚ x'F g} t/ h] 5}g Tof] klg …dÚ x'F .
ts{ / ljrf/sf] b[li6df ;t\ / c;t\ cyf{t\ x'g' / gx'g' b'j} ;+o'Qm x'g\ eGg] s'/f dfGg ;Dej
x'Fb}g . hGd / d[To' hf]l8Psf] 5 eg]/ dfGg klg ;lsPnf≤ /fd / /fj0f Ps geP csf]{ x'g ;Sb}g
To;}n] ;+o'Qm 5g\ eg]/ klg dfGg klg ;lsPnf≤ km"n / sfF9f klg hf]l8Psf] 5 eg]/ klg dfGg
;lsPnf t/ hf] 5 Tof] 5}g;Fu s;/L hf]l8g ;S5 lsgeg] b'O{ s'/f ePdf dfq hf]8 x'g ;S5 .
xfd|f] dgnfO{ of] gx'g';Fu x'g'sf] hf]8 dfGg ;jf{lws sl7g x'G5 . t/ ulx/fOdf ljrf/ u¥of“} eg]
logLx¿ klg ;+o'Qm 5g\ eGg] emns cfpg ;S5 . emns k|fKt eof] eg] cg'ejlt/ sbd a9fpg
;lsG5 . Pp6f j[If 5 hf] lxhf] lyPg t/ cfh 5 / ef]ln km]l/ x'g] 5}g . of] x'g' / gx'g' s'g} klg
k|sf/n] hf]l8Psf] x'g'kb{5 . hf] lxhf] lyPg cfh x'g ;Sof] / cfh h] 5 Tof] ef]ln km]l/ x'Fb}g . To:t}

nf]suLtf– 388
 cWofo–(
xfdL lxhf] lyPgf“}+, cfh 5f“}+ / ef]ln km]l/ x'Fb}gf“}+ . x'Fb}gf}+“af6 cfpF5f“} / x'Fb}gf}+“df kms]{/ hfG5f}+“ . 5}gf}+“af6
cfpF5f}+“ / 5}gf}Fdf g} kms{G5f}+“ . of] x'g' lardf s]xLa]/sf nflu dfq xf] h'g b'O{ 5}gsf] lardf x'G5 .
b'O{ 5}g lsgf/ xf] / x'g' larsf] gbL xf] . of] b'O{ 5}gn] xfdLnfO{ 3]/]sf] 5 / of] b'O{ 5}gsf] lardf
xfdL 5f}F . laxfg lyof] ;fFem eof] clg /ft k/]kl5 km]l/ laxfg cfpF5 . x/]s lbgnfO{ b'j}lt/af6
/flqn] 3]/]sf] 5 / x/]s /ftnfO{ b'O{tkm{af6 b'O{ lbgn] 3]/]sf] 5 . h] 5 Tof] b'j}lt/ 5}gaf6 3]l/Psf]
5 . To:t} h] 5}g Tof] klg b'j}lt/af6 5 n] 3]l/Psf] 5 . x'g' / gx'g' ljk/Lt xf]Ogg\ lsgeg]
pgLx¿ Ps–csf{df kl/jt{g eO/xG5g\ .
JolQm hf] lxhf] lyof], ca 5}g eof] . o;sf] cy{ xf] …hf] 5 Tof] 5}gÚ df k|j]z eof] . hjfg
JolQm a'9f] x'G5 t/ xfdLnfO{ slxn] a'9f] eof}“ eg]/ yfxf klg x'Fb}g . o;sf] cy{ hjfgL / a'9];sfn
b'O{ s'/f xf]Ogg\ . oL t/n ePsfn] Ps–csf{df axG5g\ / xfdLnfO{ yfxf g} x'Fb}g . a'9f] JolQm
slxn];Dd hjfg lyof] / aRrf slxn] hjfg eof] Tof] klg yfxf x'Fb}g . hjfgL a'9\of}nL ljk/Lt
b]lvG5 t/ of] ljk/Lt geP/ Pscsf{df axg] dfq xf] . o;} u/L x'g' / gx'g' klg Ps–csf{df
otfplt xlNn/xG5g\ . clxn] aLh 5 / j[If ePsf] 5}g≤ of] aLh j[Ifsf] ¿kdf ef]ln k|s6 x'G5 .
ta x'g'–gx'g', cl:tTj–cgl:tTj, ;t\ / c;t\ h'g xfdLn] ljk/Lt b]V5f}F tL ljk/Lt xF'b}gg\ . h'g
s'/f 5 To;sf] gx'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . of] x'g' / gx'g' Pssf] g} ¿k xf] . hf] 5}g Tof] 5df k|j]z u5{
To:t} hf] 5 Tof] 5}gdf k|j]z u5{ t/ xfdL afF8]/ x]5f}{+ . To;}n] b'O{ cnu b]V5f}+“ / ljk/Ltdf
PstfnfO{ b]Vb}gf}+“ . ljk/Ltdf xfdL s'g} klg ;do otfplt xlNng ;S5f}+“ t/ dgn] rflxF afF8]/ dfq
x]5{ / afFl8P/ cK7\of/f]df kb{5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 ;t\ c;t\ b'j} …dÚ g} x'F . k|ltkn xfd|f] ;fd' c;t\ ;t\ eO/x]sf] 5 . h'g
tf/f lxhf] lyPg cfh 5 . j}1flgsx¿sf cg';f/ k|ltlbg gofF tf/fsf] hGd x'G5 / ljnLg x'G5 .
To;}n] lxhf] h'g tf/f lyof] cfh Tof] 5}g . tf/faf6 k|sfz cfpg s/f]8f}+“–c/af“}+ jif{ nfUg klg
;S5 . s'g} tf/fx¿ s}of“}+ jif{b]lv rn]sf lyP / cfh aNn tL b]vf kb}{ 5g\ . tf/fsf] k|sfz hf] cfh
b]lvPsf] 5 Tof] s/f]8f}+“ jif{cl3 rn]sf] x'g ;S5 . k|ltkn aGg] / ;dfKt x'g] qmd hf/L 5 / aGg' /
;dfKt x'g' Ps;fy rln/x]sf] 5 . aGg] / ljgi6 x'g] k|lqmof cnu ;dodf xf]Og Ps} ;dodf
36\5 . d hjfg eO/x]sf] 5' / a'9f] klg eO/x]sf] 5' . o;}sf/0f a'9f] slxn] ePF eg]/ yfxf klg
x'Fb}g . ha d afFlr/x]sf] 5', ta d dl//x]sf] klg 5' . To;}n] d[To' sxfFaf6 cfof] eGg] klg yfxf
x'Fb}g . aRrf hlGdg] lalQs} dg]{ qmd ;'? x'G5 . xfdL k|ltkn afFlr klg /x]sf 5f}+“ / dl/ klg /x]sf
5f}+“ . xfdL eO/x]sf 5f}+“ / geO /x]sf klg 5f“}+ . aRg' / gflzg' Ps;fy rln/x]sf] 5 . oL xfd|f b'O{
v'§f x'g\ hf] Ps p7]kl5 csf]{ /f]lsG5 . x'g' / gx'g' Ps} cl:tTjsf] lx:;f xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f b'j}
…dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k/Gt' tLg} j]bdf lawfg ul/Psf] ;sfd sd{ ug]{, ;f]d/; lkpg]jfnf Pjd\
kfkaf6 kljq ePsf k'?if …dÚnfO{ o1åf/f k'h]/ :ju{sf] k|flKt rfxG5g\ . tL k'?if cfˆgf] k'0osf]
kmn:j¿k OG›nf]s k|fKt u/]/ :ju{df lbJo b]jtfx¿sf] ef]u k|fKt ub{5g\ . s[i0fn] clxn];Dd eGg'
ePsf s'/f cfTolGts s'/f x'g\ t/ ;sfdsdL{x¿ j]bdf h] elgPsf] 5 Tof] sd{ o1, xjg, sd{sf08
u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ kfkaf6 d'Qm ub}{ :ju{ hfg] / ;'vnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ sfdgf ub{5g\ . s[i0fsf] …k/Gt'Úsf]
cy{ o:tf JolQmx¿ cem klg :ju{ / gs{nfO{ afF8\5g\, ;'v–b'v afF8]/ b'vaf6 aRg rfxG5g\ / ;'v
kfpg rfxG5g\ eGg] xf] . ;sfdsf] cy{ xf] dg;Fu} afFRg' / o:tf JolQmx¿sf] clxn];Dd sfdgf
;lsPsf] 5}g eGg] xf] . tyflk oL JolQmx¿ cfkm"nfO{ kfkaf6 5'6fpg k'0o ub{5g\, g/fd|f] gu/L
enfOsf] sfd ub{5g\, j]bljlxt sd{ ub{5g\ . k"hf, o1, xjg u/]/ o;af6 k|fKt k'0osf] kmn:j¿k

nf]suLtf– 389
cWofo–(
OG›nf]s kfP/ pgLx¿ :ju{df lbJo b]jtfx¿sf] ;'v ef]Ub5g\ t/ dnfO{ eg] k|fKt ub}{gg\ . dnfO{ t
ToxL JolQmn] k|fKt ub{5 h;sf nflu :ju{ / gs{df s'g} e]b /xFb}g . k'0o / kfkdf e]b gug]{ /
d[To' / hLjgnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ JolQmn] dfq dnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . dnfO{ k|fKt ug{ t JolQmn] s'g}
r'gfj gu/]/ ;j{:jLsf/ ug'{k5{ .
>Ls[i0f …k/Gt'Ú eGb} o:tf JolQmx¿ klg 5g\ h;n] åGåftLt cj:yfnfO{ a'‰g ;s]sf 5}gg\
eGg'x'G5 . h;n] lg/fsf/ Tof] cJoQm cj:yfnfO{ hfGg ;s]sf 5}gg\ To:tf JolQm klg OG›nf]s /
:ju{ kfpg ;Sb5g\ . yf]/} g/fd|f] ug]{, sd b'v lbg], kfk sd ug]{ JolQmn] kfpg ;Sg] ;'vsf]
cj:yf :ju{ xf] t/ of] cfgGb eg] xf]Og . o:tf] JolQmn] ;'v dfq kfpF5 t/ cfgGb kfpFb}g .
cfgGb ;'v / b'vaf6 kf/ x'g] t];|f] cj:yf xf] . åGådf h;n] ljefhg u5{ Tof] Psaf6 csf]{df
hfG5 . ;'v klqmg] lalQs} b'v k|fKt x'g yfNb5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] JolQmn] ;'vsf] clGtd
cj:yf t kfpg ;S5 t/ ;'v ef]lu;s]kl5 k'gM kmls{g'kb{5 / ofqf k'gM ;''? ug{'kb{5 . o:tf]
JolQmn] ;'v t kfpF5 t/ dnfO{ kfpFb}g . hf] ;t\ / c;t\df dnfO{ g} b]Vb5 To;n] dfq dnfO{
kfpF5 clg p;sf] cfjfudgsf] ofqf ;dfKt x'G5 . s[i0fsf] ;f/f egfO åGådf klg Ps b]Vg' xf] t/
dgn] t åGådf cnu cnu b]Vb5 . To;}n] dg g} g/xg] cj:yf eof] eg] dfq xfdL PsnfO{ b]Vg
;S5f}“ . PsTj hfGg' g} d'lQm xf] / oxL g} cfgGb klg xf] .
t] t+ e'STjf :ju{nf]s+ ljzfn+–
IfL0f] k'0o] dTo{nf]s+ ljzlGt .
Pj+ qoLwd{dg'k|kGgf–
utfut+ sfdsfdf neGt] ..@!..
k'0osd{sf dfWodaf6 ljzfn :ju{nf]ssf] ef]u u/]/ ha k'0osd{sf] kmn ;dfKt x'G5, ta
ltgLx¿ oxL k[YjLdf kmls{G5g\ . o;/L tLg} j]bdf atfOPsf] ;sfd sd{df nfu]sf k'?ifx¿ af/Daf/
hGd / d[To'sf] rqmdf k|fKt x'G5g\ ..
cgGoflZrGtoGtf] df+ o] hgfM ko{'kf;t] .
t]iff+ lgTofleo'Qmfgf+ of]uIf]d+ jxfDoxd\ ..@@..
hf] cgGo efjn] ;b}j d]/f] Wofg tyf lrGtg ub{5g\ ltgLx¿sf] cfjZostf / ;fwgsf] ;'/Iff
-of]uIf]d_ d}n] g} ul/lbG5' ..
dgn] aflx/ dfq xf]Og, leq klg ljefhg u5{ . dg;Fu JolQm slxNo} PSnf] x'Fb}g, ToxfF ;w}+
le8 x'G5≤ To;}n] dg ax'dg xf] . dgf]lj1fgn] klg dg'io kf]ln;fOlss cyf{t\ ax'lrQjfg\ 5 eg]/
dfg]sf] 5 . dgn] s;}nfO{ k|]d u/]sf] 5 eg] p;}nfO{ 3[0ff klg u5{ . To:t} s;}nfO{ >4f u/]sf] 5
eg] leq dgsf] Ps lx:;f c>4fn] klg el/Psf] x'G5 . dgn] åGådf g} ;a} s'/f to u5{ . h;nfO{
dgn] ldq dfG5 To;};Fu zq'tf klg u5{ . dg Ps efj / Ps :j/ sfod ug{ ;Sb}g . ha JolQm
s]xL ;f]R5, ta dg b'O{ lx:;fdf 6'6\5 / Psn] kIfdf / csf]{n] ljkIfdf af]N5 . oL b'O{ lx:;fdf
6'6]sf] dgn] ubf{ k/dfTdf hf] leq ;bf l:yt 5 To;sf] bz{g x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] Tof] k/dfTdf hf]
aflx/–leq, ;j{q / ;bf l:yt 5 p;nfO{ b]Vg klg cdgf x'g'k5{ . ;d:t wd{sf] ofqf dgnfO{
lj;h{g ug]{ ofqf xf] / ;d:t ;+;f/sf] ofqf dgnfO{ zlQmzfnL agfpg] ofqf xf] . wd{sf] cy{ o:tf]
r]tgfnfO{ kfpg' xf] hxfF dg gxf];\ / ;+;f/sf] cy{ o:tf] dgnfO{ kfpg' xf] hxfF r]tgf gxf];\ . dg
;+;f/df km}lnP/ cfTdfnfO{ g} 9flslbG5 . dg nf]e / eonfO{ dfGb5 lsgeg] åGåsf] efiff dgsf]
efiff xf] .

nf]suLtf– 390
 cWofo–(
>Ls[i0f o; Znf]sdf eGg'x'G5– tL JolQm hf] ;sfd ;fwgf u5{g\ cyf{t\ ;'vsf] dfu u5{g\
pgLx¿ af/Daf/ kms]{/ cfpF5g\ . ;'vsf] ;fwgf ug'{sf] cy{ b'vnfO{ cËLsf/ ug{ /fhL gx'g' xf] .
xfdL s]xL rfxG5f“}+ / s]xL rfxFb}gf“},+ To;}n] cljefHo :jLsf/ ub}{gf}F t/ ;'v kfpg vf]Hg] JolQmn]
hfGg'k5{ ls b'v ;'vsf] 5fof xf] . xfdL hxfF–hxfF ;'v vf]H5f}F, ToxfF ToxfF b'v cfpF5 tyflk dgn]
;'v g} dflu/xG5 / dgn] o; nf]sdf ePg eg] k/nf]sdf ;'v dfUg yfN5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
o;/L ;'v dfUg]x¿ Tof] :ju{nf]snfO{ ef]u]/ k'0o IfL0f ePkl5 d[To'nf]snfO{ k'gM k|fKt x'G5g\ .
o;k|sf/ tLg} j]bdf dflgPsf] ;sfd sd{sf] z/0f ePsf / ef]usf] sfdgfjfnf k'?if af/Daf/ cfpg]
hfg] ul//xG5g\ . hut\ cfˆgf] lgod / dfGotfaf6 rN5 . olb xfdLn] dfu /fv]/ sd{ u/]sf 5f“}+
eg] To;sf] kmn klg To:t} kfOG5 . s;}n] ;'v dfu]sf] 5 eg] ;'v;Fu p;sf] 5fofF klg k|fKt
x'G5 . dgsf sf/0f g} ;'v / b'v cnu nfU5 t/ oL cnu xf]Ogg\ . xfdL ;'v dfu u/]/ b'v kfpFbf
gr]tLsg dgsf] sf/0fn] ;'v dflu/xG5f}+ t/ b'v kfO/xG5f}+“ . hGd hGdfGt/;Dd oxL qmd
rln/xG5 .
hLjgsf] k"0f{ ;To b]Vgsf nflu dgnfO{ cyf{t\ sfdgfnfO{ TofUg'k5{ . dg sfdgf /
jf;gfsf] lj:tf/ xf] . dgn] rfx]sf] s'/f gkfpFbf b'v x'G5 / kfP klg ;'v x'Fb}g . olb s;}n]
rfx]adf]lhd ;a} s'/f k|fKt u¥of] eg] klg pm ;'vL geO{{ b'vL g} x'G5 . ;'v ha;Dd kfOFb}g
ta;Dd dfu x'G5 / kfO;s]kl5 Tof] b'vdf kl/jlt{t x'G5 . ;'vsf] cfef; jf;gfsf] cfef; xf] t/
JolQmsf] rfxgfsf] cGt g} 5}g . olb b'vaf6 aRg rfxg] xf] eg] ;'vsf] cfsif{0fnfO{ 5f]8\g'k5{ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] ;'vsf] rfxgfn] wd{sf] ;fwgfdf nfU5 p;n] hlt;'s} ;'vsf] dfu u/] klg pm
km]l/ d[To'nf]sdf g} lkmtf{ x'G5 . ha k'0o ;dfKt x'G5 ta :ju{ klg af;L nfUg yfN5 / kms]{/
b'vsf] nf]sdf cfpg'k5{ . :ju{ kfP/ klg jf;gf IfL0f x'Fb}g / jf;gfn] gofF cfofd ;dfT5 .
:ju{sf] cy{ ;'vsf] ef]u xf] / s'g} klg ef]u ef]Ug]lalQs} Ifo x'g yfN5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;sfd
;fwgf ug]{ JolQm k'0o ;lsPkl5 km]l/ b'vsf] ;+;f/df kmls{P/ cfpg'k5{ . ;'vaf6 kmls{P/ cfPkl5
k'gM b'vsf] ;+;f/df kmls{g'k5{ . :ju{sf] ef]u ;lsPkl5 gs{df emg{'k5{ . ha JolQm tn em/]/
gs{df k|fKt x'G5 ta dgn] km]l/ ;'vsf] dfu u5{ / km]l/ b'v kfpF5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf
JolQmsf] cfpg' hfg' :jfefljs x'G5 / pm kl/e|d0fdf e8\ls/xG5 . sfdgfsf] s'g} klg pknlAw
jf:tljs x'Fb}g, ;a} ;kgfh:t} x'G5 .
of] b'vsf] rqmaf6 d'Qm x'g] pkfosf nflu >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cgGo efjn] …dÚdf l:yt x'g]
eQmhg hf] …dÚ k/d]Zj/nfO{ lg/Gt/ lrGtg ub}{ lgisfd efjn] pkf;gf u5{g\, tL lgTo efjn]
…dÚdf l:yt k'?ifx¿sf] of]uIf]d …dÚ :jod\ ;XDffN5' . lgisfd efjn] d]/f] pkf;gf ug]{ JolQm of]uL
xf] . jf;gf / pkf;gfdf oxL e]b x'G5 . xfdL k/dfTdfsxfF klg pkf;gf ug{ xf]Og, jf;gfsf]
sf/0fn] g} hfG5f“}+ . s'g} JolQm la/fdL ePdf l7s x'g, a]/f]huf/ eP sfd dfUg, lgw{g eP wg
dfUg / lgM;Gtfg 5 eg] ;Gtfg kfpg dlGb/ hfG5 . hf] s'g} sf/0f;lxt dlGb/ hfG5 Tof] dlGb/
k'Ug} ;Sb}g . p;sf] z/L/ t leq k|j]z u5{ t/ dg cGoq x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf pkf;gf x'Fb}g
lsgeg] hxfF jf;gf 5, ToxfF pkf;gf ;Dej g} x'Fb}g . pkf;gfsf] cy{ k/dfTdfsf] ;lGgs6 x'g' xf],
hxfF s'g} dfu g} x'Fb}g, p;sf] ;lGgs6 x'g' g} cfgGb x'G5 . k/dfTdfsf] lgs6tfeGbf c¿ s'g}
rfxgf gx'g' pkf;gfsf] cfzo xf] . k/dfTdfnfO{ cGo sf/0fn] xf]Og p;}sf] sf/0fn] rfxg' lgisfd
;fwgf xf] . o; hut\df xfdL ;a} ;DaGw sf/0fn] agfpF5f“}+ . To;}n] k/dfTdf;Fusf] ;DaGw klg
xfd|f] sf/0fn] x'G5, h'g ;sfd wf/0ff xf] .

nf]suLtf– 391
cWofo–(
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] lgisfd efjn] csf/0f d]/f] pkf;gf u5{ / …dÚ ;Fu ;lGgs6 x'g' g}
kof{Kt dfGb5, pxL d]/f] eQm xf] . ;j{q k/dfTdfsf] pkl:ylt cg'ej ug{' lgisfd ;fwgf xf] . zfGt
eP/ lgZrn efjn] p;sf] pkl:yltsf] cg'ej ug{' pkf;gf xf] . /QLe/ klg dfu gePsf] l:yltdf
lgisfd pkf;gf kmlnt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] lgisfd efjn] ;fwgf u5{ p;sf] of]uIf]d
b'j} …dÚ ;XDffN5' . of]usf] cy{ k|e';+“u ldng Pjd\ PsfTdtf / k/dfTdfdf ;dflxt x'g] k|tLlt xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]udf ;dflxt To:tf] JolQmnfO{ …dÚ ;XDffNg] 5' . If]dsf] cy{ ha;Dd Tof] 36gf
36\b}g cyf{t\ of]u 3l6t x'Fb}g ta;Dd h] cfjZos k5{ Tof] …dÚ ;XDffN5' eGg] xf] . z/L/sf] s'g}
h?/t eP To;nfO{ klg x]g]{ 5', ef]hgsf] h?/t eP Tof] klg ;XDffNg] 5' . olb Zjf;sf] h?/t
eof] eg] To;nfO{ klg …dÚ x]g]{ 5' . ha;Dd Tof] k/d 36gf 36\b}g, To;eGbf cufl8 h] h]
cfjZos 5 Tof] ;a} …dÚ ;XDffNg] 5' . of] ;a} k|e'n] ;XDffNg] eg]sf] If]d xf] . ha If]dkl5 Tof]
cflv/L 36gf 36\5 Tof] klg …dÚ ;XDffNg] 5' . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Psk6s ltdL cfˆgf] dfunfO{
5f]8 / afFsL ;a} dnfO{ 5f]l8b]pm, …dÚ ;a} Joj:yf ug]{ 5' . ha;Dd ltd|f] sfdgf /xG5, ta;Dd
…dÚ s]xL klg ug{ c;dy{ x'G5' .
lgisfd eQm t k/dfTdf;Fu eG5– x] k|e' Û ltdLn] dnfO{ h] lbof} To;af6 d cfglGbt 5'
lsgeg] ltdLn] dnfO{ h] lbO/x]sf 5f} jf lbG5f}, ToxL d]/f nflu l7s x'G5 . ha dfu g} 5}g eg]
unt x'g] k|Zg g} cfpFb}g . h] k|fKt x'G5 Tof] kfqtfeGbf a9L k|e'sf] k|;fb x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
hf] dnfO{ ;a} 5f]l8lbG5 p;n] cfˆgf af/]df s'g} lrGtf g} ug{'kb}{g . …dÚ ;a} s'/fsf] Joj:yf cfkm“}+
ul/lbG5' . hf] cfˆg} lhDdfdf ePh:tf] u5{ p;n] cfkm“}+n] ;a} s'/fsf] lhDdf klg lng'k5{ . lgisfd
sd{df ToxL JolQm plqG5 h;nfO{ æd ug]{ 5'Æ eGg] efjgf geO{{ pxL k/dfTdfn] ;f/f hut\ /
dnfO{ klg rnfO/x]sf] 5 eGg] af]w x'G5 . k/dfTdfn] h] lbO/x]sf] 5 Tof] p;sf] cg'sDkf xf] /
p;sf] s[kfsf nflu cg'u[xLt x'g' g} lgisfd efjdf x'g' xf] . hf] JolQm c:jLsf/ efjdf x'G5 Tof]
JolQm cfl:ts xf]Og . cfl:ts JolQmsf nflu of] ;f/f hLjg Ps cfgGb pT;j eP/ hLjgdf
s[t1tfsf] efj x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– lgisfd efjn] d]/f] pkf;gf ug]{ JolQmsf] of]uIf]dsf] ;f/f
lrGtf …dÚ u5{' / pm lglZrGt x'G5 . p;nfO{ of]u / If]d b'j}sf] lrGtf ug{'kb}{g . o:tf] lgisfd
sdL{sf] of]uIf]d …dÚ ;DxfNb5' .
JolQmnfO{ x/]s lbg h] k|fKt x'G5 ToxL k/dfTdfn] lbPsf] If]d xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]u
klg …dÚ ;XDfflnlbG5' . o:tf] JolQmnfO{ ;fwgf, tk, o1 / s'g} ljlwsf] h?/t x'Fb}g . o:tf]
JolQmnfO{ k/dfTdf;Fu ldngsf nflu s]xL klg ug{ h?/L x'Fb}g . olb lgisfd pkf;gfsf] efj 5
eg] …dÚ tTsfn pknAw x'G5' / p;;Fu ldn]/ sfo{ klg …dÚ g} ug]{ 5' . lgisfd efjdf afFRg]
JolQmnfO{ k/dfTdf vf]Hg hfg' klg kb}{g . k/dfTdf g} p;nfO{ vf]Hg cfpg'x'G5 . kfgL al;{+bf ;–
;fgf vfN8fx¿df hDdf x'G5 . kfgL t kxf8df klg k5{ t/ kxf8 kfgL el/gaf6 jl~rt x'G5
lsgeg] kxf8 klxn]b]lv g} el/Psf] x'G5 . vfN8f] vfnL ePsfn] lg/xª\sf/ x'G5≤ To;}n] kfgL cfkm“}+
ToxfF el/G5 . hxfF pkf;gfsf] lgisfd efj x'G5, ToxfF k/dfTdf cfkm“}+ cfP/ el/G5 / ÅbonfO{
3]b{5 . jf;gf/lxt x'g]lalQs} eQmnfO{ rf/}lt/ df}h'b ePsf] k/dfTdf pknAw eOxfN5 . jf;gf g}
xfd|f] cxª\sf/sf] cfwf/ xf] . To;}n] k/dfTdfsf] pkl:ylt b]lVfFb}g . jf;gf gx'g] lalQs} dfu ;dfKt
x'G5 / vfnLkg jf l/Qmtfsf] cg'ej x'G5 . ToxL z"Gotf / l/Qmtf g} pkf;gf xf] / ToxL z"Go
k/dfTdfsf] ;lGglw xf] .
k/dfTdfnfO{ cfˆgf] cg'ejaf6 dfq hflgG5 . ha;Dd cg'ej x'Fb}g, ta;Dd hltk6s
k/dfTdf zAb ;'g] klg To;sf] cy{ hflg“b}g . k/dfTdfnfO{ pkf;gfaf6 hflgG5 / pkf;gfaf6

nf]suLtf– 392
 cWofo–(
k/dfTdfsf] cg'ej x'G5 . pkf;gfsf] cy{ xfdLn] p;sf] pkl:yltnfO{ k|ltkn :d/0f ug{' xf] . h];'s}
3l6t eP klg p;}sf] ;Demgf / p;}nfO{ b]Vg ;Sg' g} pkf;gf xf] . hLjgdf h] 3l6t eP klg
k/dfTdfsf] g} :d/0f x'g' / d[To' g} cfP klg klxnf] :d/0f k/dfTdfs} cfpg' pkf;gf xf] . k|ltkn
k|e'sf] :d/0f ul//x]df la:tf/} of] ;3g x'G5 / rf/}lt/ k/dfTdf g} b]lvG5 clg xfdL lxF8\bf, p7\bf,
a:bf, vfFbf, ;'Tbf k/dfTdf xfdL ;Fu} x'G5 / pm xfd|f] Zjf; / Åbosf] k|To]s w8\sgdf u'lGhg
yfN5 . k/dfTdf;Fu dfu gx'g] lalQs} p;nfO{ k/dfTdfn] x/]s s'/f lbG5 . hf] p;;Fu x/]s s'/f
rfxG5, p;nfO{ s]xL klg ldNb}g . jf;gfn] el/Psf] JolQm bl/›tfd} d5{ / pkf;gfn] el/Psf]
JolQm ;d|f6\ x'G5 . jf;gf leIff kfq xf] hf] slxNo} el/“+b}g . pkf;gf eg]sf] leq n's]sf] k/d
;Dkbfsf] :d/0f xf] . pkf;gfn] k/dfTdfsf] ;3g k|tLlt u/fpF5 / jf;gfn] bLg–xLg agfpF5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– lgisfd pkf;s km]l/ hGdd/0fsf] b'Zrqmdf kb}{g, pm kms]{/ cfpFb}g / k/ddf
nLg x'G5 .
o]›KoGob]jtf eQmf ohGt] >4oflGjtfM .
t]›lk dfd]j sf}Gt]o ohGToljlwk"j{sd\ ..@#..
x] s'GtLk'q Û hf] ;sfd sd{jfnf eQmx¿ cGo b]jtfsf] >4fk"j{s k"hf cr{gf ub{5g\, ltgLx¿
klg c1fgtfjz q'l6k"0f{ tl/sfn] d]/} k"hf ub{5g\ ..
cx+ lx ;j{o1fgf+ ef]Qmf r k|e'/]j r .
g t' dfdlehfglGt tŒj]gftZRojlGt t] ..@$..
…dÚ g} ;Dk"0f{ o1sf] ef]Qmf / :jfdL x'F . ctM d]/f] jf:tljs :j¿knfO{ h;n] a'‰b}g, To;sf]
cwf]ult x'G5≤ ltgLx¿ hGd–d[To'sf] rqmdf km:b5g\ ..
oflGt b]jj|tf b]jflGkt[GoflGt lkt[j|tfM .
e"tflg oflGt e"t]Hof oflGt dBflhgf]›lk dfd\ ..@%..
b]jtfsf pkf;sx¿ b]jnf]sdf hfG5g\, lkt[sf] ;]jf ug]{x¿ lkt[nf]sdf hfG5g\ . To:t} e"tk|]t
/fIf;sf pkf;sx¿ e"tk|]tsf dfemdf g} uP/ hlGdG5g\ . d]/f eQmx¿ d]/} nf]sdf …dÚ ;Fu} a:5g\ /
pgLx¿sf] k'g{hGd x'bF }g ..
dg'iosf] vf]h / rfxgf h:tf];'s} eP klg jf h'g;'s} lbzfdf bf}l8P klg cGttM dflg;
k/dfTdfnfO{ g} kfpg rfxG5 . p;sf ;a} rfxgfx¿df k/dfTdfsf] rfxgf g} n's]sf] x'G5 . p;sf]
jf;gfdf klg k|e'lt/ hfg] aLh n's]sf] x'G5 . dg'ionfO{ 1ft geP klg Tof] aLh k/dfTdfnfO{
kfpg] g} x'G5 . hldgdf /f]k]sf] aLhnfO{ lsg km'6\5' eGg] yfxf geP h:tf] dg'ionfO{ klg pm s]
vf]lh/x]sf] 5, lsg vf]lh/x]sf] 5 / p;sf] ;a} vf]hdf cGt/lglxt vf]h s] xf] eg]/ yfxf x'Fb}g .
Pp6f JolQm wg, k|lti7f, oz / kb vf]Hbf klg k|e'nfO{ g} vf]H5 eGg] s'/f c;ª\ut nfUg ;S5 .
To:t} Pp6f JolQmn] k|]d vf]lh/xFbf klg jf:tjdf Tof] k/dfTdfsf] g} vf]h x'G5 . wg vf]Hg'sf]
klxnf] k|of]hg cfˆgf] ;'/Iffsf nflu xf] . wg cfkm";Fu eof] eg] lglZrGt eP/ ef]lnsf] lkmqmLaf6
d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 . p;n] wgaf6 o:tf] hLjg vf]Hb} 5 hxfF ef]lnsf] lrGtf gxf];\ / c;xfo cg'ej
ug{' gk/f];\ . o:tf] hLjgsf nflu pm wg vf]lh/x]sf] 5, wgaf6 o:tf] hLjg kfpg ;lsF+b}g t/
JolQmsf] cfsfª\Iff eg] oxL g} x'G5 .
o;} u/L JolQm gvf]l;g] wgsf] rfxgf /fv]/ To;nfO{ arfpg] k|of; u5{ t/ hlt wg hDdf
x'G5 Tolt g} Tof] vf]l;g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . dg'io Pp6f o:tf] ;Dkbf vf]Hg rfxG5, hf] ;bfsf nflu
zfZjt ¿kdf p;sf] xf];\ . k/dfTdf l;jfo o:tf] s'g} ;Dkbf x'g} ;Sb}g h'g c¿n] vf]:g g;s"g\ .
ha JolQm leq l/Qmtfsf] cg'ej u5{, ta wgaf6 Tof] vfnLkgnfO{ eg{ vf]H5 . k"/f lhGbuL bf}8]/

nf]suLtf– 393
cWofo–(
wg t hDdf x'G5 t/ Tof] l/Qmtf slxNo} el/“+b}g / hlt;'s} wg kfP klg To;af6 slxNo} t[lKt
x'Fb}g . o:tf] t[lKt s]jn k/dfTdfsf] wg kfpg] JolQmnfO{ dfq x'G5 . To;}n] wgsf] vf]h hlt;'s}
unt lbzfdf eP klg cfsfª\Iff eg] ;xL x'G5 . cfkm";Fu ;bf /fVg vf]Hg] ;Dkbfsf] rfxgf
ulx/fOdf k/dfTdfsf] g} vf]h xf] . To:t} JolQm s;}sf cufl8 klg xLgtf gxf];\ eGg] rfxgfn] kb
vf]H5 t/ kbsf] bf}8df k|ltefnfO{ u'dfpg'k5{ . kbsf] bf}8sf nflu k|ltefsf] s'g} h?/t klg kb}{g .
lhGbuLdf cg]s l;“+9Lx¿ 5g\ . JolQm s'g} Ps l;F9Ldf r9\g]lalQs} csf]{ l;F9Laf6 tn cf]ln{g'k5{ .
t/ dg'iosf] cfsfª\Iff ;xL xf] lsgeg] dflg; To:tf] cj:yf rfxG5, hxfF pm sf]xLeGbf tn
x'g' gk/f];\ . To:tf] cj:yf s]jn k/dfTdfnfO{ kfP/ dfq x'G5 c¿ s'g} dfg, kb, k|lti7faf6 Tof]
;Dej 5}g . dflg; sf]xLeGbf tn g/x"F eGg] rfxgfn] c¿nfO{ tn kfg]{ k|of; ul//xG5 t/ ;a}n]
ToxL ul//x]sf 5g\, To;}n] xf/ lglZrt 5 . of] le8df sf]xL sxLF k'Ug ;Sb}g t/ cfsfª\Iff cufl8
x'g' plrt g} xf] lsgeg] ha;Dd sf]xL k/dfTdf;Fu PsTj x'Fb}g, p;sf] xLgtf d]l6F+b}g / ha;Dd
xLgtf x'G5, ta;Dd O{iof{ klg d]l6F+b}g . To:t} ha;Dd xLgtf / O{iof{ d]l6F+b}g, ta;Dd c¿nfO{
tn b]vfpg] k|j[lQ klg d]l6F+b}g, h;sf] clGtd kl/0ffd lrGtf / clezfk dfq x'G5 .
dflg; k/dkb dfq rfxG5 cyf{t\ pm k/dfTdfnfO{ rfxG5 t/ p;nfO{ o;sf] af]w / xf];
gx'g ;S5 . k|To]s JolQm d[To';Fu eoeLt x'G5 / k"/f hLjg eon] slDkt x'G5 . d[To';Fu aRg]
xfdL s}of“}+ pkfo u5f}{ t/ clxn];Dd sf]xL klg d[To'af6 aRg ;s]sf] 5}g . hLjg clglZrt /
c;'/lIft 5 t/ xfdL ;a} aflx/L ¿kdf ;'/lIft x'g] Joj:yf u/]/ leq d'bf{sf] ¿kdf a;]sf 5f}+“ .
d[To';Fu s]jn d'bf{ dfq} afFRg ;S5 . To;}n] xfdLn] hlt;'s} aGbf]a:t u/] klg d[To'af6 t afFlrb}g
a? Tof] aGbf]a:t ubf{ub}{ lhGbuL eg] lalt;S5 . afFRg'sf ;fy} aRg] pkfo ubf{ ub}{ /fd|f];Fu afFRg
klg kfOFb}g . t/ dg{ gvf]Hg] cfsfª\Iff l7s 5 s]jn lbzf dfq unt 5 . d[To';Fu aRg] Ps dfq
pkfo 5, Tof] cd[t tŒjnfO{ hfgf}+“, hf] slxNo} db}{g . xfdL Tof] c6n / slxNo} ggflzg] j:t' vf]h]/
To;;Fu PsTj :yflkt ug{ ;Sof}+“ eg] xfd|f] lbzf l7s x'G5 . olb slxNo} dg{ gvf]Hg] cfsfª\Iff
/fVg] xf] eg] l7s dfu{ vf]Hg'k5{ . olb wgsf] vf]h l7s lbzfdf u¥of“} eg] Tof] k/dwg kfpg
;lsG5 / unt lbzf eof] eg] xfdL wft'sf] j:t' hDdf ug{sf nflu ;f/f hLjg aaf{b ug]{ 5f}+“ .
To:t} kbsf] vf]h ;xL xf] eg] k/dfTdfsf] l;jfo c¿ s'g} kb g} 5}g . unt xf] eg] xfdL
dflg;x¿nfO{ tn dfly ug{df ;f/f zlQm Ifo ug]{ 5f“}+ .
>Ls[i0f o; k|;Ëdf eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û oBlk >4faf6 o'Qm ePsf] hf] ;sfd eQm c¿
b]jtfx¿nfO{ k'H5g\ ltgLx¿ klg dnfO{ g} k'H5g\ . k"hf rfx] h;sf] ul/of];\ cGttf]uTjf Tof] d]/f]
g} k"hf x'G5 . k"hf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ klg s;sf] k"hf ul//x]sf] 5' eg]/ yfxf xF'b}g t/ k"hf d]/f] dfq
x'g ;S5 . ltd|f] jf;gf hxfF bf}l8P klg, ltdLn] >4fn] hxfF lz/ /fv] klg / ltd|f] cfsfª\Iff h] eP
klg Tof] d]/} k"hf x'G5 . ltdLn] hxfF vf]h] klg cGttM Tof] d]/} vf]h xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf
JolQmx¿n] u/]sf] k"hg ljlw/lxt / c1fgk"0f{ 5 tyflk pgLx¿ d]/f] g} k"hf u5{g\ t/ c1fgtfk"j{s
u5{g\ lsgeg] pgLx¿nfO{ cfkm“}+ s] vf]lh/x]sf 5f}+“ eGg] klg yfxf 5}g . ;sfd k"hfsf] cy{ wg, kb,
;'v / hLjgsf nflu ul/g] k"hf xf] . s'g} klg b]jtf;Fu ha s]xL dfu]/ k"hf, k|fy{gf ul/G5, ta
JolQm c1fgn] el/Psf] x'G5 . h;sf] ;flGgWo k|fKt x'g] lalQs} ;a} s'/f kfOG5 olb p;;Fu klg
dfUg'k¥of] eg] o;sf] cy{ xfdLnfO{ ;flGgWosf] d"No g} yfxf 5}g .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] k"hf ljlw/lxt 5 / p;nfO{ ljlwsf] hfgsf/L g} 5}g . ;"o{sf
cufl8 pleP/ k|sfz dfUg'sf] cy{ Tof] dfUg] JolQm cGwf] x'g'k5{ . To;}n] hf] JolQm k/dfTdfsf
cufl8 dfu /fV5, pm klg ;"o{sf cufl8 k|sfz dfUg] cGwf] h:t} x'g'k5{ . o:tf] JolQmnfO{ pkf;gf

nf]suLtf– 394
 cWofo–(
cyf{t\ k/dfTdfsf] glhs x'g'sf] cy{ yfxf g} 5}g / pm jf;gfdf ba]sf] 5 eGg] a'lemG5 . ;sfd
k"hf k"/f sd{sf08 dfq xf] . o;df cg]sf“}+ ljlwx¿ cjnDag ug{'k5{ t/ >Ls[i0f o;nfO{ ljlw/lxt
eGg'x'G5 . ljlw/lxt eGg'sf] sf/0f k/dfTdf;Fu glhs x'g' g} k"/f ljlw xf] / c¿ s'g} klg ljlwsf]
cy{ 5}g . afFsL ;a} ljlwx¿ :jod\nfO{ lbg] wf]sf dfq x'g\ . k/dfTdfsf] ;flGgWodf /xg ;Sg] snf
hflgof] / p;sf] pkl:yltsf] cg'ej ug{ ;lsof] eg] Tof] kof{Kt ljlw xf] t/ hf] JolQm ljlw dfq
u5{g\ tL ljlw/lxt / c1fgk"0f{ x'G5g\ . ljlw t s]jn pkf;gf / lgs6 x'g] Ifdtf xf] . Tof] xfdLn]
b]Vb}gf“}+ lsgeg] Tof] ljlw cfGtl/s x'G5 .
/fds[i0f k/dx+;nfO{ rf}w ?lkofF dfl;sdf blIf0f]Zj/ sfnLdlGb/sf] k"hf ug]{ k'hf/Lsf]
¿kdf lgo'Qm ul/of] . pxfFnfO{ cf7 lbgkl5 g} 6«:6Lx¿n] af]nfP/ eg]– tkfO+{+nfO{ ljlwk"j{s k"hf
ug{ cfpFb}g eGg] ph'/L k/]sf] 5 . pxfFn] eGg'eof] k"hf / ljlwsf lardf s'g} ;DaGw 5}g .
6«:6Lx¿n] tkfO{+ klxn] km"n cfkm" ;'F3]/, k|;fb klxn] cfkm" rfv]/ dfq eujfg\nfO{ r9fpg'x'G5
eGb5g\, s] of] ;To xf] egL k|Zg u/] . /fds[i0fn] eGg'eof]– d]/L cfdfn] s]xL agfPkl5 klxnf cfkm"
rflVyg\ clg dfq dnfO{ vfg lblGyg\ . d eujfg\nfO{ rfv]/ ld7f] 5 ls 5}g eg]/ yfxf gkfO{sg
r9fpFlbgF . km"ndf ;'uGw 5 ls 5}g eg]/ g;'F3L ghfgL eujfg\nfO{ km"n r9fpFlbgF . dnfO{ k|Llts/
nfu]kl5 dfq eujfg\nfO{ r9fpF5' . s[i0fsf] ljlwk"j{s k"hf–pkf;gf eg]sf] oxL xf] . cjZo} xfd|f
nflu t ;a} ljlw 6'6\of] t/ /fds[i0fsf] ljlwdf cfTdLotf, /; / xflb{s k|]d 5 . pxfFsf] ljlwdf
kmnkm"n, ldi7fGg dxŒjk"0f{ xf]Og, cGt/lgj]bg dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . pxfFsf nflu aflx/L ;a} s'/f
d]l6P/ leqL cGt/Ë ;DaGw dfq dxŒjk"0f{ lyof] . pxfF eGg'x'GYof]– ha cfkm"nfO{ g} r9fPF eg]
s;n] k"hf ug]{ . k"hfsf] cfTolGtstf ta x'G5, ha s;}n] cfkm"nfO{ g} ;dlk{t u5{ .
>Ls[i0fnfO{ yfxf 5 ls b]jtfx¿sf] k"hf ljlwk"j{s g} rN5 t/ To;nfO{ s[i0f cljlw
eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] c1fgdf ljlw xf]Og cljlw g} x'g ;S5 . 1fgdf dfq ljlwsf] hGd x'G5 / Tof]
ljlw h:tf] geP/ JolQmut x'G5 / k|To]s JolQmsf] cf–cfˆgf] x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;a}
o1x¿sf] ef]Qmf / :jfdL klg …dÚ g} x'F . hxfF km"n, k|;fb, g}j]B r9fP klg Tof] dnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 .
ltdLx¿n] h] hxfF u/] klg Tof] dnfO{ g} ;dlk{t x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5– …dÚ cl:tTjsf]
s]G› x'F . To;}n] ltdLn] /fd|f]–g/fd|f], enf]–s'enf], l7s–a]l7s h] u/] klg ;a} …dÚ sxfF k'Ub5 .
ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf eP klg geP klg Tof] ;a} …dÚ sxfF g} k'U5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k/Gt' …dÚ
clwo1:j¿k k/dfTdfnfO{ pgLx¿ tŒjk"j{s hfGb}gg\ . Tof] hf] ;f/f cl:tTjn] d]/f] kl/e|d0f
ul//x]sf] s'/f klg pgLx¿ tŒjk"j{s hfGb}gg\ / ;+;f/sf] kl/e|d0f ul//xG5g\ . xfdL x/]s lbg
ToxL s'/f g} bf]xf]¥ofO/xG5f“}+ lsgeg] dgsf] :jefj g} bf]xf]¥ofpg] x'G5 . rf}la; 306fdf qmf]w ug]{
tflnsf h:t} u/L xfdL k|To]s lbg qmf]w u5f}{+ . xfdLnfO{ Pp6} s'/f ug]{ afgL a;]sf] x'G5 / dg
rf}la; 306f Pp6} s'/f bf]xf]¥ofO/xG5 . oxL bf]xf]¥ofO/xgfsf sf/0fn] k'gh{Gd lng'k5{ . hGdb]lv
d[To';Dd xfdL dgnfO{ dfg]/ ToxL bf]xf]¥ofO/xG5f“}+ . To;}n] ubf{ d[To'n] k'gM xfdLnfO{ ToxL k|f/Desf]
cj:yfdf 5f]l8lbG5 clg km]l/ ToxL b'Zrqm¿kL jt{'naf6 xfdL slxNo} d'Qm x'g kfpFb}gf“}+ .
;gftgLx¿nfO{ dfq k'gh{Gdsf af/]df hfgsf/L 5 lsgeg] ;gftg wd{afx]s s'g} klg wd{n]
k'gh{Gdsf] wf/0ff g} lnPsf] 5}g . s[i0f dg'iosf] dgsf] of] lj1fgnfO{ atfpg'x'G5 . olb dg'iosf]
dgn] k'g?lQm u5{ eg] k"/f hLjg klg ToxL k'g?lQm eP/ Pp6f jt{'n aG5 h;df xfdL hGd–
hGdfGt/;Dd 3'ld/xG5f}+ . xfdL cg]s hGddf af/Daf/ wg, nf]e, sfdjf;gf, qmf]w, df]xdf
nf]suLtf– 395
cWofo–(
kl//xG5f}+ . ;kmntf gkfP/ c;kmntf kfpFbf klg x/]s k6s ToxL dfq bf]xf]¥ofO/xG5f}+“ . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– o;/L hf] …dnfO{Ú ghfgLsg b]jtfx¿nfO{ eH5g\ cyf{t\ hf] cfˆgf] jf;gfnfO{ g} pkf;gf
agfP/ s'g} dfun] k|fy{gf u5{g\, pgLx¿ af/Daf/ em/]/ k'gh{Gd k|fKt u5{g\ . b]jtfx¿nfO{ k'Hg]
JolQm b]jtfx¿nfO{ k|fKt x'G5g\ / lkt[nfO{ k'Hg] JolQm lkt[nfO{ k|fKt x'G5g\ . o;sf ;fy} e"tx¿nfO{
k'Hg] JolQmn] e"t of]lg k|fKt u5{g\ . JolQm h;nfO{ k'H5 cGttM pxL x'G5 / To;eGbf dfly hfg
;Sb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] b]jtfx¿nfO{ k'H5g\ pgLx¿ b]jtfnfO{ g} k|fKt u5{g\ t/ pgLx¿n]
dnfO{ kfpFb}gg\ . b]jtfx¿ t :jod\ jf;gfdf x'G5g\ . b]jtfx¿sf /fhf OG›sf] syfdf k[YjLdf
s;}n] tk:of u¥of] eg] :ju{df pxfFsf] l;+xf;g g} xlNng yfN5 . o;sf] cy{ OG›df O{iof{efj / 8/
df}h'b 5 . st} sf]xL tk:of/t /x]df OG›nfO{ sl7gfO / ;d:of k}bf x'G5 . pgL cfˆgf
pj{zLx¿nfO{ k7fP/ tk:of eË u/fpg vf]H5g\ . x/]s kb, wg, k|lti7f, l;+xf;g k|fKt ug]{
JolQmx¿ sxLF Tof] kbaf6 s;}n] x6fpg] t xf]Og eg]/ 8/fPsf x'G5g\, To;}n] OG› klg 8/fPsf
x'g\ . b]jtfx¿ OR5f / jf;gfn] el/Psf 5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– s'g} JolQm b]jtfnfO{ k'h]/ ;kmn
eP eg] w]/}eGbf w]/} b]jtf x'g ;S5g\ To;eGbf dfly hfg ;Sb}gg\ . b]jtf s'g} dflyNnf] cj:yf
klg xf]Og . b]jtfnfO{ klg olb d'Qm x'g' 5 eg] klxn] pgLx¿ dg'io x'g'k5{ clg dfq d'Qm x'g
;Dej x'G5 . dg'io Pp6f rf}af6f] xf] hxfF pm cfˆgf] sd{af6 b]jtf / kz' b'j} x'g ;S5 . b]jtfsf]
t d'lQm cfkm“}+ ;Dej 5}g eg] dg'iox¿n] b]jtfsf] k|fy{gf u/]/ d'Qm x'g ;Sg] t s'/} ePg .
pgLx¿n] s]jn cfˆgf] jf;gf, OR5f k"/f u/]/ km]l/ k'gh{Gdsf] ofqf ug{'k5{ . To:t} kz'nfO{ klg
d'Qm x'g dg'io x'g'k5{ . b]jtfx¿ ;'vdf dfq x'G5g\, To;}n] d'Qm x'g ;Sb}gg\ t/ dg'io dfq To:tf]
Ps k|f0fL xf] hf] d'Qm x'g ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] lkt[sf] k"hf u5{ p;nfO{ lkt[ pknAw x'G5, dnfO{ eg] k|fKt ug{
;Sb}g t/ d]/f eQmn] dnfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ . d]/f eQmsf] k'gh{Gd xF'b}g . hf] dnfO{ eH5 pm la:tf/}
…dÚdf g} PsTj x'G5 . s]jn k/dfTdfsf] dfq k'g?lQm x'Fb}g, c¿ ;a} s'/fx¿sf] k'g?lQm x'G5 . hf]
zfZjt 5, Tof] dfq k'g?lQm x'Fb}g . ;a} s'/fx¿ gofF / k'/fgf x'G5g\ . k/dfTdf dfq gofF / k'/fgf]
x'Fb}g . k/dfTdf slxn] klg k'/fgf] x'Fb}g lsgeg] pm slxNo} klg gofF 5}g . hf] s'/f gofF 5 Tof] dfq
k'/fgf] x'g ;S5 . k/dfTdf ;gftg, zfZjt, cgflb / cgGt 5 . k/dfTdf ;bf 5 / ;bf /xG5 .
To;}n] k/dfTdfnfO{ h;n] kfpF5, p;n] zfZjttfnfO{ k|fKt u5{ . k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg] JolQmn] d]/f]
s'g} hGd / d[To' klg 5}g eg]/ klg hfGb5 . leqsf] Tof] zfZjt tŒjnfO{ hfGg ;lsof] eg] dfq
k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g . hLjgdf s'g} s'/f cg'ejaf6 hflgof] eg] Tof] hfg]sf] s'/fnfO{ hLjgn] lkmtf{ ug}{
;Sb}g t/ xfdL s'g} klg s'/f l;Sg tof/ x'Fb}gf“}+ . To;}n] xfdL af/Daf/ lkmtf{ eO/xG5f}+“ . hLjgn]
s;}nfO{ klg Ifdf ub}{g / km]l/ cg'ej u/fpg lkmtf{ ul//xG5 . h'g s'/f xfdL cg'ej u5f}{,
To;af6 xfdL kf/ x'G5f}+“ .
hf] k/dfTdfnfO{ g} hfGb5 p;sf] t lkmtf{ x'g] s'/} ePg lsgeg] p;sf] hLjgsf] clGtd
lzIff ca k"/f eof] . k/dfTdfsf] cy{ hLjgsf] clGtd lgisif{ / cl:tTjsf] ;f/ xf] . k/dfTdf
cl:tTjsf] uxg cleJolQm xf] . To;}n] k/dfTdfaf6 tn emg{ ;lsFb}g . hxfFaf6 tn emg{'k5{, Tof]
k/dfTdf xf]Og, ;+;f/ xf] . k/dfTdfsf] :d/0f / k"hfsf] cy{ p;}nfO{ g} cfˆgf] uGtJo dfGg' xf] .
k/dfTdf clGtd uGtJo xf] / p;sf] kf/ s]xL klg 5}g . :d[ltk"j{s k'g?lQmaf6 aRg' g}
k/dfTdflt/ ofqfsf] k|f/De ug{' xf] . xfd|f] ulx/f] vf]h k/dfTdfsf] vf]h xf] . xfdLn] clGtdnfO{ g}
cfˆgf] nIo agfpg'k5{, larsf] s'g} s'/f klg nIo x'g ;Sb}g . xfd|f] nIo k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg] dfq
x'g'k5{ . Tof] clGtdnfO{ nIo agfpg] JolQm klg cGttM k/dfTdf g} x'G5 . cb[Zo, c¿k,

nf]suLtf– 396
 cWofo–(
lg/fsf/lt/ pkf;gfnfO{ a9fpg' g} hLjgsf] nIo / :jefj xf] . To;f] u/]df Ps lbg JolQm /xFb}g
/ s]jn k/dfTdf dfq /xG5 clg cfkm" g} k/dfTdfdf nLg ePsf] cg'ej x'G5 .
kq+ k'ik+ kmn+ tf]o+ of] d] eSTof k|oR5lt .
tbx+ eSTo'kÅtdZgfld k|otfTdgM ..@^..
d]/f eQmn] dnfO{ g} >4fk"j{s kq–k'ik–kmn Pjd\ hn cflb j:t' ;dk{0f u5{g\ eg] z'4 Åbo
ePsf eQmn] elQmk"j{s lbPsf tL j:t'nfO{ …dÚ v';L;fy u|x0f ub{5' ..
oTs/f]lif obZgfl; oHh'xf]lif bbfl; ot\ .
oQk:ol; sf}Gt]o tTs'?ij dbk{0fd\ ..@&..
x] s'GtLk'q Û ltdL h] sd{ u5f}{, h] vfG5f}, h] xjg u5f}{, h] cfkm";uF /x]sf j:t' bfg lbG5f} /
h:tf] tk:of u5f}{ tL ;a} …dÚdf g} ;dk{0f u/ ..
z'efz'ekmn}/]j+ df]Io;] sd{aGwg}M .
;GGof;of]uo'QmfTdf ljd'Qmf] dfd'k}iol; ..@*..
o; k|sf/sf sd{ u/]/ ltdL sd{sf] aGwg Pjd\ z'e / cz'e kmnaf6 d'Qm x'g] 5f} . cfkm"af6
ePsf, ul/Psf ;a} sd{ …dÚdf ;dk{0f ub}{ cfˆgf] dgnfO{ …dÚdf l:y/ u/fof} eg] ltdL d'Qm x'g] 5f}
/ …dÚ nfO{ g} k|fKt ug]{ 5f} ..
k/dfTdfsf] k"hf ubf{ p;nfO{ r9fpg] o:tf] s'g} klg ;fdu|L 5}g, h;nfO{ xfdL xfd|f] eGg
;S5f}+ . hf] xfd|f] cfˆgf] x'Fb} xf]Og To;nfO{ r9fpg'sf] s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g . p;sf] k"hfdf ;dk{0f :j¿k
xfdL h] r9fpF5f“},+ Tof] p;}sf] xf] / p;}sf] j:t' p;}nfO{ ;dk{0f ug{' xf] . k/dfTdfnfO{ r9fpg] g} xf]
eg] o:tf] s'/f r9fpg'k5{ hf] p;n] lbPsf] gxf];\ / o:tf] ck{0f u/] dfq k/dfTdfnfO{ r9fpg'sf]
cy{ x'G5 . o; ;+;f/df h] 5 Tof] ;a} k/dfTdfsf] xf] . Pp6f af]6af6 l6k]/ k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf
km"n r9fpg] xf] eg] Tof] km"n t af]6af6 g} p;}nfO{ r9]s} 5 . gbLsf] hn p;sf] r/0fdf r9fpg]
xf] eg] Tof] gbLn] cfˆgf] ;f/f hn p;sf] r/0fdf ck{0f ul/ g} /x]sf] 5 . dg'io;Fu Pp6f dfq s'/f
5, hf] k/dfTdfn] p;nfO{ lbPsf] xf]Og . stf{sf] efj dfq k/dfTdfn] lbPsf] s'/f xf]Og h'g
dflg;n] cfkm“}+ cfh{g u/]sf] xf] . of] cxª\sf/ dflg;sf] cfˆgf] vf]h xf] . ha;Dd dg'io of]
cxª\sf/¿kL cfˆgf] cfh{gnfO{ p;sf] r/0fdf r9fpFb}g, ta;Dd cGo j:t' r9fpg'sf] s'g} cy{
x'Fb}g . cxª\sf/ gTofuL JolQmdf ¿kfGt/0f x'Fb}g, h;sf] s'/f >Ls[i0f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL vfFbf, a:bf, lxF8\bf, xjg ubf{ jf ltdLn] h] u/] klg Tof] ;a} ltdL
dnfO{ ck{0f u/ . ltd|f ;a} stf{kg dnfO{ ck{0f u/ / stf{ x'g] efj klg dnfO{ r9fpm . h'g If0f
ltdL o:tf] ug{ ;S5f}, ToxL If0f ltdL ;GGo:t x'G5f} . >Ls[i0f dxfg\ ;GGof;sf] s'/f eGb} x'g'x'G5 .
xfdLn] a'em]sf] ;GGof;sf] cy{ t sd{ TofUg' xf] . >Ls[i0f ljk/Lt s'/f eGg'x'G5– sd{ ltdL u/
lsgeg] sd{af6 sf]xL klg efUg ;Sb}g t/ stf{efj dnfO{ clk{t u/ . s[i0fsf] egfOdf sd{nfO{
TofUg] xf]Og, sd{ ub}{ stf{nfO{ dfq 5f]8\g] xf] / leqsf] …dÚnfO{ lj;lh{t ug]{ xf] . dg'iosf] :j–
cfh{gsf] ToxL Ps dfq lrh hf] k"hfdf r9fpg ;lsG5 . dg'iosf] cfˆgf] ;DklQ ToxL dfq xf],
afFsL t ;a} k/dfTdfsf] pkxf/ xf] . t/ cxª\sf/nfO{ r9fpg sl7g 5 . dflg;n] wg r9fpg
;S5 / hf];df hLjg klg r9fpg ;S5 . o:tf eQmx¿ klg 5g\ h;n] ub{g sf6]/ klg r9fPsf
5g\ . of] sl7g 5 t/ c;Dej eg] 5}g . 3fF6L sf6]/ r9fpg] JolQmsf] klg leq d}n] 3fF6L sf6]/
r9fPF eGg] efj sfod g} /xG5 . olb d afFr]+“ eg] cxª\sf/ hf] r9fpg' kg]{ 5 Tof] afFR5 /
k/dfTdfdf rl9/x]sf] s'/f dfq r9\5 . wg, kb, k|lti7f / hLjg klg r9fpg' p;}sf] p;}nfO{ ck{0f
ug{' xf] . hf] r9]sf] g} lyof], Tof] r9fP/ xfdL cem cfˆgf] cxª\sf/nfO{ alnof] agfpF5f“}+ .
nf]suLtf– 397
cWofo–(
dflg;x¿ k|fy{gf / k|]ddf klg lx;falstfa u5{g\ eg] To:tf] k|fy{gf cxª\sf/ xf] . s/f]8
gfd :d/0f ug{', Tofu ug{' ;a} cxª\sf/s} ¿k xf] h;;Fu …dÚ x6]sf] g} xF'b}g, a? cem ;;Qm eP/
a;]sf] x'G5 . dg'iosf] ;bfr/0f klg cxª\sf/sf] kf]if0f ug{df vlr{G5 . enfO{ ug]{sf] / /fd|f]
dflg;sf] cxª\sf/ emg\ ;an x'G5 . /fd|f] JolQmdf aflx/ t s'g} v/fakg x'Fb}g ;a} enfO dfq
b]lvG5 t/ leq p;sf] cxª\sf/ 3g3f]/ ¿kdf al9/x]sf] x'G5 . pm hxfF hfFbf klg …dÚ c;n dflg;
x'F eGg] cxª\sf/ ;Fu} lnP/ lxF8\5 . k"hf / k|fy{gf ug]{ JolQmx¿df klg 7'nf] ;flŒjs cxª\sf/ x'G5 .
cxª\sf/ ha ;flŒjs x'G5, ta Tof] cToGt ljiffn' x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL ;a} v/fakg dnfO{ 5f]8 . ltdL h] ul//x]sf 5f} To;df ug]{jfnf
dfq gag . ltdL s] dfg eg] …dÚ g} ltd|f] leqaf6 ;a} s'/f ul//x]sf] 5' . stf{efj dnfO{ lbP/
…dÚdf clk{t xf]pm clg ltdLn] sd{ 5f]8\g'kb}{g . To;}n] s[i0fsf] pkb]z cltqmflGtsf/L 5 . sd{
5f]8\g' Tolt ufx|f] x'Fb}g . dflg; sd{ 5f]8]/ hËn hfg ;S5, t/ stf{ 5f]8\g' sl7g sfo{ x'G5 . olb
dflg; ;a} sd{ 5f]8]/ hËn uof] eg] klg cxª\sf/ ;fydf g} hfG5 . d}n] ;a} sd{ 5f]8]/ cfPsf] 5'
eg]/ emg\ cxª\sf/n] el/G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{ 5f8]/ s]xL klg x'Fb}g x] ch{'g Û
stf{nfO{ 5f]8\g' sl7g s'/f xf] . cxª\sf/ xfdLleqsf] ulx/fOsf] ;+;f/ xf], h;nfO{ xfdL cem
ulx/fOdf k'¥ofpF5f“}+ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] ulx/fOdf ePsf] cxª\sf/ stf{efj dnfO{ 5f]8 . of]
cxª\sf/nfO{ 5f]8\g] b'O{ clgjfo{ ;t{x¿ z'4 a'l4 / lgisfd k|]d x'g\ . pxfF eGg'x'G5– Tof] z'4 a'l4,
lgisfdk|]dL eQmn] k|]dk"j{s ck{0f u/]sf ;a} s'/f …dÚ u|x0f u5{' .
z'4 ljrf/ z'4a'l4 sbflk xf]Og lsgeg] a'l4 ta;Dd z'4 x'Fb}g, ha;Dd ljrf/ /xG5 rfx]
Tof] ;lårf/ g} lsg gxf];\ . ha ljrf/ g} /xFb}g, ta dfq a'l4 z'4 x'G5 . ha ljrf/ / jf;gf b'j}
x'Fb}g Tof] l:yltsf] gfd z'4a'l4 xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– a'l4 olt z'4 xf];\ ls ToxfF ljrf/sf] s'g}
t/Ë klg geP/ lgd{n P]gf h:tf] x'g ;sf];\ . g/fd|f] ljrf/sf ;fy} /fd|f] ljrf/ klg afFsL g/x]/
dg P]gf h:tf] ;kmf /xf];\ . gLltsf b[li6df g/fd|f] ljrf/ bafP/ /fd|f] ljrf/ dfly p7fpg'k5{ .
To;}n] gLlt wd{ xf]Og . Pp6f cwfld{s JolQm klg g}lts x'g ;S5 . gfl:ts klg g}lts x'g ;S5
lsgeg] g}lts x'g' eg]sf] cfˆgf] jf;gfnfO{ lgoGq0f u/L ;+oddf pknAw x'g' xf] . To;}n] h'g
jf;gf lgoGq0f ul/Psf] 5 Tof] lj>fdsf] ;dodf cgLltdf kl/jlt{t x'G5, of] z'4a'l4 sbflk xf]Og .
g}ltstfdf jf;gfnfO{ tn bafOPsf] x'G5 h'g r]i6faf6 tn blaP/ g} /xG5, Tof] lj>fdsf] If0fdf
dfly k|s6 eP/ cgLlt aG5 . ;dfhsf nflu aflx/ l7s /Xof] eg] k'U5 leqsf] s'/f p;sf nflu
JolQmut lghL ;d:of x'G5 . wd{n] aflx/ dfq /fd|f] eP/ k'Ub}g leq l7s x'g'k5{ eGb5 .
z'4a'l4sf] cy{ jf;gf / ljrf/ gx'g' xf] . hxfF b'j} /xFb}gg\ ToxfF z'4 r]tgf dfq afFsL
/xG5 . >Ls[i0f oxL z'4a'l4sf] s'/f cxª\sf/ lj;h{gsf] klxnf] ;t{sf ¿kdf eGg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
csf]{ ;t{ eGg'x'G5– lgisfd k|]dL h;sf] k|]d klg lgisfd xf];\ . a'l4 ljrf/n] cz'4 x'G5 / k|]d
sfdjf;gfn] cz'4 x'G5 . a'l4sf] cy{ lrGtgsf] Ifdtf / k|]dsf] cy{ Åbosf] r]tgfsf] Ifdtf xf] .
ha;Dd a'l4 / Åbo b'j} z'4 x'Fb}gg\, ta;Dd eQmsf] hGd x'Fb}g . To;}n] elQm ;/n s'/f xf]Og
lsgeg] elQmdf ljrf/ / Åbo b'j} z'4 x'g'k5{ . 1fgdf ljrf/ dfq z'4 eP k'U5 . 1fgn] hlt dfu
u5{, elQmn] To;eGbf c¿ klg dfu u5{ . Åbo, k|]dsf] Ifdtf klg jf;gf/lxt x'g'k5{ . To;}n] eQm
x'g' ;/n s'/f xf]Og . dlGb/ hfg', dfnf 3'dfpg' / k"hf ug{' elQm xf]Og . b'lgofFdf hlt 1fgL eP
ToxL dfqfdf eQm ePsf 5}gg\ . elQmdf bf]xf]/f] ;t{ x'G5 . a'l4 z'4 ug{ ;lhnf] x'g ;S5 t/ Åbo
z'4 ug'{ lgs} hl6n s'/f xf] . a'l4 dfly x'G5 t/ Åbo t leq ulx/fOdf x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 398
 cWofo–(
a'l4n] k|of;af6 s'g} klg s'/f ug{ ;lsG5 . s'g} ljrf/ hlt;'s} hl6n eP klg k|of;af6
xn vf]Hg ;lsG5 . t/ s'g} JolQmnfO{ k|]d ug]{ sf]l;; ug{ ;ls+Fb}g lsgeg] k|]d k|of;af6 x'Fb}g .
To;}n] k|]dLnfO{ cGwf] elgG5 lsgeg] k|]ddf cfˆgf] xftdf s]xL x'Fb}g / cfˆgf] lgoGq0feGbf aflx/
x'G5 . eQm x'g cToGt sl7g s'/f] xf] t/ olb a'l4 z'4 5 / k|]d lgisfd 5 eg] Tof] dxfg\ 36gf
klg 36\5 / elQmsf] km"n klg km'N5 . slxn] s'g} r}tGodf Pjd\ slxn] s'g} dL/fdf elQmsf] km"n
km'N5 t/ Tof] cToGt b'n{e km"n xf] . To;}n] 1fgL x'g ufx|f] 5 t/ c;Dej 5}g lsgeg] ToxfF Pp6f
dfq ;t{ x'G5 t/ eQm x'gsf nflu Ps tŒj c¿ rflxG5 h;df Åbo klg lgisfd x'g'k5{ . ha
a'l4 k"/f z'4 x'G5, ta cToGt cfGtl/s 36gf 36\5 hf] k|ToIf ¿kdf JoQm x'Fb}g . t/ ha a'l4 /
Åbo b'j} z'4 x'G5g\, ta Åbosf] åf/ klg v'N5 / Tof] cg'ej aflx/ klg cleJoQm x'G5 . Åbo
geO{{sg ;DaGw :yflkt x'Fb}g . ;a} ;DaGw xflb{s x'G5 .
of] bf];|f] ;t{ klg k"/f ePkl5 sfdgf / jf;gfnfO{ Tofu]/ ha k|]d x'G5, tadfq JolQm d'Qm
x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k|]ddf hfg jf;gfaf6 aRg'k5{, hals k|]d / jf;gfsf lardf ulx/f]
;DaGw x'G5 . xfdL jf;gfsf sf/0f g} k|]d u5f}{+ / xfdLn] k|]dsf af/]df h] hfg]sf 5f“},+ Tof] jf;gfsf
sf/0fn] hfg]sf 5f}+“ . To;}n] xfd|f] k|]ddf jf;gf 5fPsf] x'G5 . xfdLn] hGd–hGdfGt/df oxL hfg]sf
5f}+“ . xfd|f] k|]d sfdjf;gfsf] 5fofeGbf Hofbf 5}g t/ Pp6f csf]{ klg k|]d 5 hf] jf;gfsf] 5fof
xf]Og Tof] Pp6f cGtlg{lxt bzfsf] ¿k xf] . xfd|f] k|]dsf] cg'ej xfd|f] cfGtl/s cj:yfsf] geP/
s]jn JolQmx¿lar jf;gfsf] cg'ej xf] . 1fg :jod\sf] x'G5 / k|]d c¿;Fu x'G5 .
t/ >Ls[i0f h'g k|]dsf af/]df eGb} x'g'x'G5, Tof] k|]d 1fg h:t} csf]{ JolQm;Fu ;DaGw
gePsf] / :jod\sf] g} cfljef{j xf] . h:tf] Wofgsf] ;fwgf x'G5, To:t} k|]dsf] ;fwgf x'G5 . cfˆgf
rf/}lt/ k|]d km}lnPsf] cg'ej / leq k|]d el/Psf] cg'ejn] ubf{ xfd|f] k|]d nf]s nf]sfGt/;Dd
km}lnG5 / ToxfF csf]{ JolQmsf] ljrf/ klg x'Fb}g . k|]d cfkm"leqsf] 36gf xf] / o;df csf]{ JolQmsf]
s'g} cfjZostf 5}g eg]/ ljrf/ u/]df lbof]af6 k|sfz km}lnP h:t} k|]d klg rf/}lt/ km}lnG5 .
o:tf] ljrf/sf] ;fwgf ubf{ub}{ k|]d rf/}lt/ km}lnG5 / csf]{ JolQm;Fu dfq k|]d x'G5 eGg] wf/0ff
6'6\5 . Ps ;do cfpF5 hxfF cfkm"nfO{ k|]d d]/f] cGt/bzf xf] eGg] nfU5 ta k|]d ug{' kb}{g . JolQm
k|]d g} x'G5 clg k|]d ug{ csf]{ JolQm rflxF+b}g / csf]{ JolQm xf];\ jf gxf];\ k|]d /lx/xG5 . To;}n]
wd{ ;bfb]lv eG5– k|]d ;DaGw xf]Og cGt/–pmhf{ xf] . olb k|]d pmhf{zlQm xf] eg] csf]{ JolQm;Fu
k|]d / ;DaGw ubf{ Tof] zlQm jf;gfdo, cz'4, s'¿k / ljs[t x'G5 .
lgisfd k|]dsf] cy{ k|]dsf] pmhf{ s;};Fu afFlwPsf] gx'g' jf ;DaGw s;};Fu gx'g' xf] . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– ha a'l4 z'4 x'G5, ljrf/sf] sDkg klg x'Fb}g, Åbo k|]dn] el/Psf] x'G5 / jf;gfsf] s'g}
emns klg 5}g eg] eQmsf] hGd x'G5 . o:tf] eQmdfq cfˆgf] stf{kgsf ;fy} ;a} s'/f k/dfTdfsf]
r/0fdf 5f]8\g ;S5 . x] ch{'g Û d]/f] k"hfdf kq, k'ik, kmn, hn, cflb s'g} klg s'/f d]/f] eQmn]
>4fk"j{s dnfO{ ck{0f u5{ eg] z'4a'l4, lgisfd k|]dL eQmåf/f k|]dk"j{s ck{0f ul/Psf] Tof] kq, k'ik,
kmn …dÚ u|x0f u5{' . xfdL ;a}n] kmn, km"n, kq OToflb ;a} r9fPsf 5f}+“ / of] ;a} s'/f xfdL
hfGb5f}+“ h:tf] nfU5 t/ s[i0f xfd|f] ljrf/df eP h:tf] 5'› s'/f eGg'x'Gg . xfdLn] ;f]r]sf] dtna
of] kmn, km"n r9fpg] s'/f s[i0fsf] egfO xf]Og .
kq, k'ik, kmn JolQm ljs;gsf tLg cj:yfx¿ x'g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL h] h:tf] 5f}
rfx] ltdL kq dfq g} 5f} / olb km"n ePsf 5}gf“} eg] klg kqnfO{ dfq dnfO{ r9fOb]pm . olb kq
cufl8sf] cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 t/ kmn alg;s]kl5 dfq k/dfTdfnfO{ r9fpF5' eg]/ g kv{, Tof]
k'iknfO{ g} r9fOb]pm . olb ltdL kmn alg;s]sf 5f“} eg] kmn g} r9fpm . ltdL h'g cj:yfdf rfx]

nf]suLtf– 399
cWofo–(
kft, rfx] km"n, rfx] kmn s'g} klg cj:yfdf ePsf] l:yltaf6 g} dnfO{ r9fpm . olb kft klg
ePsf 5}gf} / hnsf] cj:yfdf g} 5f} eg] ToxL dnfO{ r9fpm . hn k|fylds cj:yf xf] / hn g}
kft aG5 . cem ljsf; ePdf km"n aG5 / ha km"n cem a9\5, ta kmn aG5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL rfx] hn, kft, km"n jf kmn h'g cj:yfdf 5f} ToxL cj:yfdf
cfkm"nfO{ …dÚdf r9fpm . oL rf/ xfd|f cj:yfx¿ x'g\ . hnsf] cj:yfsf] cy{ JolQmdf s'g} k|sf/sf]
ljsf; ePsf] 5}g t/ Tof] cj:yfdf ;dlk{t JolQmnfO{ klg …dÚ :jLsf/ u5{' eg]/ >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5 . dnfO{ h] r9fOG5 …dÚ Tof] :jLsf/ u5{' . dnfO{ ck{0f ug{'sf] cy{ x'G5, s] r9fof] eGg]
s'/fsf] cy{ x'Fb}g . olb ltdL kft dfq 5f} eg] ToxL cj:yfdf ;dlk{t xf]pm . oL r]tgfsf rf/
cj:yf x'g\ . h'g;'s} cj:yfdf eP klg ;dlk{t x'g] JolQmnfO{ …dÚ :jLsf/ u5{' . hn Tof] cj:yf
xf] hxfF r]tgf Psbd k|fylds cj:yfdf 5 . kqsf] cj:yfdf r]tgfn] ¿k, cfsf/ lnG5 . km"n Tof]
cj:yf xf], hxfF r]tgfn] cfsf/ dfq xf]Og, ;f}Gbo{ klg k|fKt u/]sf] x'G5 . kmn Tof] cj:yf xf] hxfF
r]tgf ;f}Gbo{nfO{ dfq xf]Og c¿ r]tgfnfO{ hGd lbg] ;fdYo{ klg /fVb5 / kfs]/ r9fpg k"0f{of]Uo
klg aG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;dk{0f g} ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . ;dk{0f x'gsf nflu kmn;Dd
s'gk{' b}{g kft klg r9fpg ;lsG5, kft geP hn r9fP klg x'G5 . hf], hxfF, h:tf] cj:yfdf 5
pm ToxLFaf6 clk{t u/f];\ / ef]lnsf] k|tLIff gu/f];\ . xfdLn] r9fpg] kfgL, kft, km"n, kmn cflb
k|tLs dfq x'g\ . dflg;x¿ oL k|tLsaf6 p7]/ cfkm" hn, kq, k'ik / kmn h'g cj:yfsf] r]tgfdf
5 To;}nfO{ g} ck{0f ug{'kg]{ x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] z'4a'l4 lgisfdsdL{ eQmåf/f k|]dk"j{s ck{0f ul/Psf ;a} s'/f …dÚ g}
u|x0f u5{' . xfdL h] r9fpF5f}+“, Tof] t k'hf/Ln] u|x0f u5{ Tof] k/dfTdf;Dd k'Ub}g . To;}n] ha;Dd
r]tgfsf] kmn, km"n, kft jf hn xfdL r9fpFb}gf“},+ ta;Dd tL j:t'x¿ k/dfTdfsf] ef]hg x'g
;Sb}gg\ . ha;Dd xfdL :jod\nfO{ g} r9fpFb}gf}+“, ta;Dd p;sf] lx:;f aGb}gf}+ . To;}n] x] ch{'g Û
ltdL h];'s} sd{ u5f}{, h] vfG5f}, h] xjg u5f}{, h] bfg lbG5f}, h] :jwdf{r/0f ¿k tk u5f}{ tL ;a}
dnfO{ ck{0f u/ . o;k|sf/ sd{ dnfO{ ck{0f ug]{ ;GGof; ¿kn] o'Qm ePsf dgjfnf ltdL z'e,
cz'e kmn¿k sd{aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'g] 5f} / To;af6 d'Qm eP/ …dÚdf g} k|fKt x'g] 5f} . hf] cfkm"nfO{
garfO{sg cz]if efjn] ;a} ;dlk{t u5{ Tof] k/dfTdfsf] c+z x'G5 . c+z eGg' klg efiffsf] afWotf
xf], o:tf] JolQm k/dfTdf g} x'G5 lsgeg] k/dfTdfdf s'g} c+z g} x'Fb}g . k/dfTdfsf] s'g} c+z 5}g
To;}n] k/dfTdfdf nLg ePkl5 o:tf] JolQm k/dfTdf g} x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ;fu/ eP/ ;a} gbLx¿nfO{
…dÚdf nLg xf]pm eGg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0fn] ha ch{'gnfO{ ;a} 5f]8]/ d]/f] z/0fdf cfpm eGg'x'G5, ta
ch{'gn] klg s[i0f¿kL Tof] ;fu/nfO{ b]Vg / hfGg ;s]sf] x'g'k5{ .
>Ls[i0f ;a} 5f8]/ hf] eQm …dÚdf ;dlk{t x'G5 ToxL ;dk{0fnfO{ ;GGof; eGg'x'G5 .
;GGof;sf] olt lxDdtL kl/efiff c¿ s;}n] ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ;+;f/df /x]/
o'4df k7fpFb} x'g'x'G5 / eGg'x'G5– ltdL o'4df hfpm / stf{kg dnfO{ 5f]l8b]pm / o'4 u/ . ltdL s]
s'/f hfg eg] ltdL xf]Og …dÚ o'4 ul//x]sf] 5' . h–h;sf] uw{g sf6] klg d}n] g} sf6]sf] 7fg . sd{
/ stf{ ;a} dnfO{ 5f]l8b]pm . o;f] u¥of} eg] ltdL ;GGof;L x'g] 5f} . ch{'g k'/fgf] 9Ësf] 3/ 5f8]/
efUg] k|sf/sf] ;GGof;L x'g rfxGy] t/ s[i0fn] pgnfO{ gofF 9Ësf] ;GGof;sf af/]df 1fg lbg'eof] .
pxfFn] Pp6f cgf}7f] ;GGof;sf af/]df eGg'eof] . ;a} sd{ ltdL u/ s]jn stf{nfO{ 5f]8\of} eg] ltdL
;GGof;L eof} . ltdLnfO{ jg, pkjg sxLF klg hfg] cfjZostf kb}{g . klxnf] k6s cfGtl/s
¿kfGt/0fsf] 1fg¿kL ;GGof; h'g s[i0fn] lbg'eof] To;df aflx/ s]xL klg ablng'kb}{g s]jn
leqaf6 dfq ablnP k'U5 .

nf]suLtf– 400
 cWofo–(
leqsf] s]G› cxª\sf/ jf k/dfTdf x'g ;S5 . cxª\sf/ em'6f] / kl/k"/s s]G› xf], ;Rrf s]G›
xf]Og . k/dfTdfnfO{ JolQmn] s]G› agfpg]lalQs} of] kl/k"/s s]G›sf] s'g} cfjZostf x'Fb}g . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ hf]8 lbP/ eGg'x'G5– ltdL ;a} stf{sf] efj dnfO{ ck{0f u/ . o:tf] h;n] ug{
;S5 pm ;d:t sd{kmnaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . p;nfO{ ca z'e–cz'e s]xL x'Fb}g, To;af6 klg d'Qm
x'G5 . g/fd|f] sd{af6 ;a} d'Qm x'g rfxG5g\ t/ z'esd{nfO{ ;a} hf]ufpg rfxG5g\ . z'e ug{sf
nflu klg cz'e gu/L x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] s[i0f b'j} sd{af6 d'Qm xf]pm eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] z'e–cz'e
sd{ b'j} ;+o'Qm x'G5g\ . o; hut\df z'4 z'e ug{ ;lsF+b}g To:t} z'4 cz'e klg ug{ ;ls+Fb}g . of]
ljefhg s]jn dgsf] xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– To:tf] JolQmn] z'e–cz'e sd{af6 d'Qm eP/ dnfO{
k|fKt ug]{ 5 . k/dfTdf eg]sf] g} d'lQm xf] . cxª\sf/ /x'Gh]n JolQm d'Qm x'Fb}g . ha k/dfTdf s]G›
x'G5 ta d'lQm :jtM 3l6t x'G5 .
;df]›x+ ;j{e"t]if' g d] å]iof]›l:t g lk|oM .
o] ehlGt t' df+ eSTof dlo t] t]if' rfKoxd\ ..@(..
…dÚ ;a} k|f0fLx¿df ;dfg efj /fV5' . g d]/f sf]xL clk|o 5g\ g t d]/f sf]xL lk|o g} 5g\ .
h;n] elQmk"j{s d]/f] ehg ub{5g\ tL …dÚdf k|fKt x'G5g\ / …dÚ klg ltgLx¿df l:yt x'G5' ..
clk r]T;'b'/frf/f] eht] dfdgGoefs\ .
;fw'/]j ; dGtJoM ;DoUJojl;tf] lx ;M ..#)..
hf] clt b'/frf/L 5 / h;n] h3Go ck/fw u/]sf] 5, Tof] klg cgGo efjn] d]/f] elQm
;]jfdf nfu]sf] 5 eg] ;fw' g} xf] lsgeg] pm oyfy{df cl8u eO;s]sf] 5 ..
lIfk|+ ejlt wdf{Tdf zZjR5flGt+ lguR5lt .
sf}Gt]o k|lthfgLlx g d] eQmM k|0fZolt ..#!..
x] sf}Gt]o Û To:tf] dflg; t'?Gt wdf{Tdf x'G5 / p;n] l:y/ zflGt k|fKt ub{5 lsgeg] d]/f
eQmx¿ slxNo} ljgfz x'bF }gg\≤ ltdL o; s'/fnfO{ lglZrt -;To_ hfg ..
hLjgsf ;DaGwdf Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ k|Zg oxfF p7fOPsf] 5 . uLtf xfdL kf7 u5f}{+ t/ o;sf]
uxgtfdf k|j]z ub}{gf}+“ . xfdL uLtfsf] cy{ ga'emLsg zAb dfq bf]xf]¥ofO/xG5f“}+ . zAb /6]/ cy{sf]
hfgsf/L x'Fb}g lsgeg] uLtfsf] cy{ zAbeGbf w]/} ulx/f] 5 . xfdL uLtfsf zAbnfO{ b}lgs kf7 u/]/
To;;Fu kl/lrt x'G5f“}+ / ToxL kl/ronfO{ xfdL 1fg 7fG5f“}+ . o; k|;Ëdf >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
cfr/0feGbf cGt;\ dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . k|foMh;f] wd{n] cfr/0fnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 . pgLx¿ o;f]
ug{' / o;f] gug{" eG5g\ / ;bfr/0fnfO{ hf]8 lbG5g\ . ;bfr/0f ePdf k|e'df pknAw x'g ;lsG5
eGg] pgLx¿ ;f]Rb5g\ . xfdLnfO{ klg ;bfr/0fsf] s'/f l7s}h:tf] nfU5 . xfdLnfO{ gLlt xfd|f]
cfwf/ xf] h:tf] nfU5 t/ gLlt cfwf/ xf]Og lsgeg] ;bfr/0fn] k/dfTdfdf pknAw xf]OG5 eGg]
s'g} lglZrttf x'Fb}g t/ k/dfTdfdf pknAw x'g] JolQm eg] ;bfr/0fnfO{ cjZo k|fKt x'G5 .
cfr/0f uf}0f s'/f xf] . k/dfTdfsf] k|tLlt x'g' dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . cfr/0f cGt;\af6 cfpF5 t/
cGt;\ cfr/0faf6 cfpFb}g . aflx/ hf] cfr/0fdf b]lvG5, Tof] leq gx'g klg ;S5 . xfdL
cfr/0fnfO{ wf]sf lbg ;S5f“}+ t/ :jod\nfO{ wf]sf lbg ;Sb}gf“}+ .
s[i0fn] ;fw'sf] kl/efiff crDdsf] ug{' ePsf] 5 . xfdL ;fw' eGgfn] ;fwf/0ftof ;bfrf/L
7fG5f}+“ / c;fw'sf] cy{ b'/frf/L ;DemG5f“}+ . t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cltzo b'/frf/L klg olb d]/f]
elQmdf cgGo efjn] ;dlk{t eP/ lg/Gt/ d]/f] :d/0f u5{ eg] pm ;fw' elgg of]Uo 5 . olb o:tf]
JolQm oyfy{ lglZrt ePsf] 5 eg] pm ;fw' elgg of]Uo x'G5 . oyfy{ lgZro k|e':d/0f, ;dk{0f /
cgGo elQmsf] x'g'k5{ . >Ls[i0f eGb} x'g'x'G5– c;fw' klg olb oyfy{ lgZro ePsf] 5 eg] pm ;fw'

nf]suLtf– 401
cWofo–(
x'G5 . olb p;sf] lgZro …dÚtkm{ ultdfg\ ePsf] 5 eg] c;fw'nfO{ klg ;fw' dfGg'k5{ . ;du|
¿kdf k/dfTdfsf ljk/Lt s'g} efj gx'g' g} oyfy{ lgZro xf] . k"/f dgaf6 lnOPsf] / k"/f k|f0fn]
el/Psf] lgZro g} oyfy{ lgZro xf] . b[9 lgZrosf] cy{ xf/–lht, ;kmntf–c;kmntf h:tf];'s}
cj:yfdf klg lg0f{o gabNg' xf] . ;a} ljk/Lt jf k|lts"n eP klg / sf]xL ;fyL;FuL geP klg
leqsf] ;ª\sNk gd]l6g' b[9 lgZro xf] . ha a'l4 c;kmn eP/ ;a} zlQm ;lsG5 tyflk leqsf]
k|f0fn] k/dwfdsf af/]df c6'6 cf:yf /fVb5 eg] Tof] b[9 lgZro xf] . o:tf] cfTolGts ;ª\sNk x'g'
g} b[9 lgZro xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– b[9 lgZro g} ;fw'sf] nIf0f xf] / pxfF ;bfr/0f / b'/fr/0fsf] s'/f ug{' g}
x'Gg . ;bfr/0fsf] cfsfª\Iff ;a}df x'G5 t/ lgZro g} slxNo} b[9 x'g kfpFb}g . o:tf] l:yltdf
b'/fr/0f k}bf x'G5 . ulx/fOdf b'/fr/0f lgZrosf] sdL xf] . x/]s JolQm ;bfrf/ g} rfxG5 t/
rfxgfn] s]xL x'Fb}g lsgeg] rfxgf ;ª\sNk / lgZro aGg kfpFb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– clt b'/frf/L
eP klg p;df b[9 lgZro 5 eg] pm ;fw' aGg ;S5 . s'g} JolQm b'/frf/L eP klg b[9 lgZroL 5
eg] p;nfO{ ;fw' hfGg'k5{ lsgeg] olb p;sf] cfˆgf] b[9 lgZronfO{ dlt/ nufof] eg] pm tTsfn
¿kfGt/0f x'G5 . To;}n] jfNdLls h:tf JolQm hf] b'i6, xTof/f, rf]/, n'6]/f, 8fFs" lyP tL JolQm klg
crfgs dxlif{ eP . o;af6 Pp6f ;fgf] 36gfn] oqf] qmflGt 3l6t x'Fbf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f k|dfl0ft
eof] . jfNdLlssf] b'/fr/0fsf] k5fl8 h'g b[9 ;ª\sNk lyof] Tof] ;bfr/0fdf ¿kfGt/0f eof] / pxfF
dxlif{ aGg'eof] . eosf sf/0f ;fw' ag]sf JolQmeGbf b'/frf/L JolQm w]/} ;ª\sNkjfg\ x'G5g\ .
t/ b[9 lgZro dfq kof{Kt 5}g lsgeg] b[9 lgZron] JolQm /fd|f] / g/fd|f] b'j} sd{ ug{
;S5 . jf:tjdf b[9 lgZro t t6:y zlQm xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f csf]{ ;t{sf] ¿kdf eGg'x'G5, cgGo
efjn] d]/f] eQm hf] lg/Gt/ dnfO{ eH5 eg] To:tf] JolQm ;fw' eGg of]Uo 5 . b[9 lgZron]
el/Psf] cgGo efjn] elQmk"j{s lg/Gt/ eHg] JolQm ;fw' xf] . o:tf] JolQm rfF8} g} wdf{Tdf x'G5 .
xfd|f] r]tgf w]/} l5› ePsf] 5 / ;ª\sNkxLg klg 5 . ;ª\sNk zlQm gx'g] JolQmsf] rfF8} d[To' x'G5 .
b[9 ;ª\sNksf] cy{ Kjfn gePsf] r]tgf xf] . ;ª\sNkn] el/Psf] r]tgf 5l/“b}g / b[9 /xG5 . b[9
lgZrosf nflu Pp6f ulx/f] lg0f{o cfjZos x'G5 clg kl/jt{g ;'? x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf]
ulx/f] ;ª\sNk h;;Fu 5, Tof] ;ª\sNknfO{ p;n] ehgdf / d]/f] :d/0fdf nufof] eg] To:tf] JolQm
;fw' x'G5 . uËf klg Ps lbzfdf aUg] x'gfn] ;fu/;Dd k'Ug ;S5 . To;}n] xfd|f] r]tgf klg w]/}
lbzfdf aUg yfNof] eg] xfd|f] r]tgf d?:yn h:tf] x'G5 . ;a} ;'S5 / ;a}lt/sf] dfu{ klg x/fpF5 .
t/ xfd|f] r]tgf gbL h:t} Ps lbzfdf aUof] eg] s'g} lbg ;fu/df cjZo k'Ug] 5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cgGo efjn] hf] dnfO{ :d/0f u5{ p;n] h];'s} s'/f u/] klg p;sf]
r]tgfsf] wf/f …dÚ lt/ pGd'v eO/xG5 . Pp6L cfdfn] hlt;'s} s'/f ul//x] klg p;sf] r]tgf
cfˆgf] aRrflt/ lg/Gt/ /xG5 . o;sf] sf/0f Tof] r]tgfsf] cgGo wf/f cxlg{z ¿kdf aRrftkm{
alu/x]sfn] xf] . cgGo efjsf] cy{ oxL xf] . h] u/] klg leq Pp6f :d/0f k|e'k|lt ;tt ¿kdf
alu/xg' cgGo efj xf] . cgGo efjsf] cy{ hxfF xfd|f] efj bf}l8G5 ToxLF k|e'nfO{ :yflkt ug{' xf] .
olb j]Zoflt/ Wofg uO/x]sf] 5 eg] ToxfF k|e'nfO{ :yflkt u/]/ p;sf] :d/0f u/f}+ . of] qmflGtsf/L
¿kfGt/0f k/dfTdfsf] elQmaf6 dfq ;Dej x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– b'/frf/Ln] klg oxL efj
lg/Gt/ /fVof] eg] pm zL3| g} wdf{Tdf x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ;bfrf/L x'G5 gegL wdf{Tdf x'G5 eGg'x'G5 .
wdf{Tdfsf] cy{ xf] h;sf] cfTdfdf g} wd{ x'G5 / o:tf] ePkl5 t cfr/0f cfkm“}+ z'4 x'G5 . cfr/0f
t uf}0f s'/f xf] h'g dg'iosf k5fl8 5fof h:tf] eP/ rN5 . xfdL h'g lbg leq l7s x'G5f}+“, ToxL
;do aflx/ ;a} Jojl:yt x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 402
 cWofo–(
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] JolQm wdf{Tdf x'G5 . p;sf] cfTdf g} wd{ ePkl5 cfr/0f t cfkm}+
z'4 x'G5 / cgGt zflGt k|fKt x'G5 . g}lts JolQmn] zflGt k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g lsgeg] p;n] h'g
v/fanfO{ aflx/ bafpF5, ToxL v/fan] leq wSsf lbG5 h;n] ubf{ czflGt x'G5 . hf] wdf{Tdf x'G5
p;n] g} cgGt zflGt k|fKt u5{ . h;sf] cfTdf k|e'df :yflkt x'G5 pxL wdf{Tdf xf] . h'g lbg
dg'iodf gbL / ;fu/sf] h:t} ldng x'G5, ToxL lbg wdf{Tdfsf] hGd x'G5 clg aflx/ / leq s'g}
czflGt x'Fb}g . x] ch{'g Û ltdL lgZrok"j{s s] a'em eg] d]/f] eQm slxNo} gi6 x'Fb}g, gi6 x'g] t
s'g} sf/0f g} x'Fb}g . …dÚ ;a} k|f0fLx¿df ;defjn] JofKt 5' / d]/f] s[kf ;a}df a/fa/ 5 . k/dfTdf
;defjn] ;a}leq l:yt 5 . of] klg efiffsf] sf/0fn] eGg'k/]sf] xf] . ;a}df pxL l:yt 5 s;}df
klg /QLe/ km/s 5}g . tyflk km/s t b]lvG5– h:tf] ls a'4 h:tf JolQmdf k/dfTdf Hofbf k|s6
ePsf] b]lvG5 . a'4, dxfjL/nfO{ xfdL cjtf/ eG5f}+, lh;;nfO{ eujfg\sf] k'q dfG5f“}+, df]xDdb
k}uDa/ x'g'x'G5 / pxfFx¿df k|e' Hofbf k|s6 ePsf] h:tf] b]lvG5 .
t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ ;a}df ;defjn] k|s6 5' . g d]/f] sf]xL lk|o 5 g sf]xL clk|o 5 .
k|]d ha k"0f{ x'G5, ta sf]xL lk|o jf clk|o klg x'Fb}g lsgeg] ha sf]xL dnfO{ lk|o 5 To;sf] cy{
dnfO{ sf]xL clk|o klg 5 clg dfq sf]xL lk|o x'g ;S5 t/ ha k|]d k"0f{ x'G5 ta lk|o / clk|o
sf]xL x'Fb}g . k/dfTdf k"0f{ k|]d xf] . To;}n] p;sf nflu sf]xL lk|o / clk|o x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
hf] eQm dnfO{ k|]dn] eH5g\ pgLx¿ …dÚ / …dÚ pgLx¿df k|s6 x'G5f“}+ . >Ls[i0f hf] eQm dnfO{ k|]dn]
eH5 …dÚ pgdf k|s6 x'G5' / hf] dnfO{ eHb}g …dÚ pgLx¿df k|s6 x'Gg eGg'x'G5 . k/dfTdfsf]
Jofkstfdf s'g} e]b 5}g t/ k|s6 x'g'df e]b 5 . Pp6f aLh /f]k]kl5 cª\s'l/t x'G5, g/f]kLsg
n'sfP/ /fv]df k|s6 x'g ;Sb}g . tL b'j} aLhdf j[If ;defjn] Jofks 5 t/ Pp6fdf k|s6 eof]
lsgeg] Tof] /f]lkof]≤ To;n] dn, kfgL, xfjf, ;"o{sf] ls/0f kfof] / lxDdt u/]/ p7\of], ;ª\sNk lnP/
;fx; h'6fof] / cfsfzlt/ km}lng ;Sof] / c1ftdf ofqf u/]/ j[If aGof] / km"n klg p;df km'Ng
;Sof] t/ csf]{ aLh n's]/ a:of] / p:t} j[If x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf eP klg s'l07t eP/ a:of] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] dnfO{ k|]dn] eH5, To:tf] JolQm dnfO{ lk|o 5 . hf] JolQm x/kn
k|e'nfO{ :d/0f u5{, p;nfO{ rf/}lt/af6 k|e'sf] s?0ff / k|]dsf] jiff{ x'G5 . xfd|f] r]tgfsf] aLh hf]
ck|s6 5 To;nfO{ k/dfTdfsf] lg/Gt/ :d/0f / elQmåf/f k|s6 ug{'k5{ . k|]dn] eHg' eg]sf] oxL xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o;/L k|]dn] eh]df pm …dÚdf / …dÚ p;df k|s6 x'G5f}F . k|e'sf] elQm g} k|s6 x'g]
af6f] xf] / of] k|s6 x'g' klg bf]xf]/f] x'G5 . ha aLh j[If eP/ cfsfz, ;"o{, xfjf / hldgdf k|s6
x'G5 ta of] j[If dfq k|s6 x'Fb}g of] j[Ifsf ;fy ;f/f hut\ klg k|s6 x'G5 . ha sf]xL eQm aLh
aG5 / cfˆgf] rf/}lt/ k/dfTdfsf] :d/0fsf] e"ld lgdf{0f u5{, ta bf]xf]/f] 36gf 36\5 . eQm
k/dfTdfdf k|s6 x'G5 / k/dfTdf eQmdf k|s6 x'G5, pgLx¿ b'j} cfDfg];fDfg] x'G5g\ . ha xfdL
xfd|f] leqsf] aLh tf]8\5f}+“ / xfd|f] r]tgfnfO{ k/dfTdfsf] ;fd'Gg] /fV5f}+“, ta b'O{ bk{0f cfDfg];fDfg]
ePsf] h:tf] cj:yf k|s6 x'G5 / xfdL klg cGtlxg x'G5f“}+ pm t cGtxLg 5b}5 xfdL klg cgGt
x'G5f}F . k/dfTdf t cgGt g} 5 xfdL klg cgflb x'G5f}F . pm t cgflb g} 5 xfdL klg cd[t x'G5f}F .
k/dfTdf;Fu ldng ePkl5 la5f]8 x'Fb}g clg Tof] ldng cgGt x'G5 . k/dfTdf;Fu ldng
ePsf] JolQm lkmtf{ x'g] t s'/} ePg . k/dfTdf ;a}nfO{ ;defjn] k|]d ug{'x'G5 . of] k/dfTdfsf]
k|]dsf] s'/feGbf klg xfd|f] >d / elQmsf] s'/f xf] . k/dfTdfsf] s[kfsf] k|Zg xf]Og xfd|f] ;ª\sNksf]
s'/f xf] . p;sf] s[kf t k|ltkn al;{/x]sf] 5 t/ xfdL cfˆgf] afN6LnfO{ 3f]K6\ofP/ a;]sf 5f“}+ . ha
afN6L l;wf x'G5, Tof] p;sf] s[kfsf] jiff{n] el/G5 . k/dfTdfsf] k|]d / s[kf kfpg xfdLl;jfo c¿
s'g} afwf 5}g . olb xfdL k/dfTdf;Fu ldNg ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+“ eg] Tof] xfd|f sf/0fn] g} xf] .
k/dfTdfsf] k|]d ;d 5 . p;sf] cl:tTj xfdLleq ;dfg 5 . xfdL p;sf] ;DaGwdf :jtGq 5f}+“ .
nf]suLtf– 403
cWofo–(
xfdLn] rfXof“}+ eg] k/dfTdfnfO{ elQm, >d / b[9 lgZron] kfpg ;S5f“}+ / grfx]df n'sfP/ /fv]sf]
aLh h:t} cª\s'l/t geO{{sg /xG5f}+“ .
df+ lx kfy{ Jokfl>To o]›lk :o'M kfkof]goM .
l:qof] j}Zof:tyf z"›f:t]›lk oflGt k/f+ ultd\ ..#@..
x] kfy{ Û kfkof]lgdf /x]sf dflg;x¿ tyf :qL, z"›, j}Zo cflb hf] hf] 5g\ tL ;a} d]/f
z/0fdf k/]kl5 lbJowfddf hfG5g\, a|Xddf k|fKt x'G5g\ ..
ls+ k'ga|f{Xd0ffM k'0of eQmf /fhif{o:tyf .
clgTod;'v+ nf]sldd+ k|fKo eh:j dfd\ ..##..
k'0ofTdf a|fXd0fx¿, eQmx¿, /fhlif{x¿sf] t s'/} ePg≤ pgLx¿sf] cjZo d'lQm x'G5 . To;}n]
of] gfzjfg\ / b'vdo ;+;f/df k|fKt eP/ ltdL dnfO{ g} eh ..
dGdgf ej d∫Qmf] dBfhL df+ gd:s'? .
dfd]j}iol; o'STj}jdfTdfg+ dTk/fo0fM ..#$..
d]/f eQm ag]/ ;b}j d]/f] g} lrGtg u/ . d]/f] k"hf u/, dnfO{ jGbgf u/ . cfˆgf] cGt:s/0f
z'4 kf/]/ cfkm"nfO{ …dÚdf g} nLg u/fPkl5 ltdLn] dnfO{ g} kfpg] 5f} ..
oL Znf]sdf s[i0fn] eGg'ePsf s'/fsf] cfzo a'‰g cfhsf] ;Gbe{df lgs} sl7g x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û kfkof]lgjfnf hf] eP klg pgLx¿ d]/f] z/0f k/]df k/dultdf k|fKt x'g]
5g\ . :qL, j}Zo, z"› / kfkof]lgaf/] a'‰g xfdLnfO{ lgs} sl7g x'g] 5 . klxnf] t xfdLn] pko{'Qm
zAbaf6 h] a''em]sf 5f}+ Tof] o;sf] cy{ xf]Og / s[i0fsf] klg Tof] cfzo xf]Og . dg'iosf] cfTdf t
Pp6} x'G5 t/ p;sf] dg cg]s x'G5 . dg'iosf] k/d l:ylt t Ps 5 t/ pgLx¿sf larsf] l:ylt
leGg x'G5 . dg'io cfTolGts ¿kdf t ;dfg 5g\ t/ cnu cnu l:yltdf c;dfg 5g\ . dg'iosf]
klxnf] ljefhg :qL / k'?ifsf ¿kdf ul/Psf] 5 t/ :qLsf] cy{ …:q}0fÚ xf] . cyf{t\ k'?ifdf klg o:tf
JolQm 5g\ hf] …:q}0fÚ 5g\ . :qLdf klg o:tf JolQm 5g\ hf] k'?if h:tf] …kf}?if]oÚ 5g\ . k'?if / :qL
k|tLs dfq x'g\ . u'Xo lj1fgdf cfTdfsf] vf]hdf hf] rln/x]sf 5g\ pgLx¿sf nflu …:q}0fÚ sf] cy{
o:tf] JolQm xf] hf] s]xL ug{ ;dy{ 5}g, ofqf ug{ ;Sb}g t/ k|tLIff ug{ ;S5 / dfu{ b]Vg ;S5 t/
vf]h ug{ ;Sb}g . To;nfO{ …:q}0fÚ eGgfsf] klg sf/0f 5 . :qL / k'?ifsf ;DaGwdf vf]h k'?ifn] u5{
/ :qL s]jn k|tLIff u5{g\ . kxn gu/]/ k|tLIff ug]{ k'?if klg …:q}0fÚ x'G5 .
uLtfsf] sfnv08sf] kfFr xhf/ jif{kl5 sfn{ u':tfkm h'ª\un] :qL / k'?ifsf] e]bnfO{ hfGg]
k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . h'ª\un] Pp6f ce"tk"j{ s'/f l;4 u/]sf 5g\ Tof] xf] s'g} klg k'?if k"0f{ k'?if x'Fb}g
/ s'g} klg :qL k"/f :qL x'Fb}gg\ . h;nfO{ xfdL k'?if eG5f}+“, p;df k'?ifof}gsf] dfqf clws x'G5 /
:qLof}gsf] dfqf sd x'G5 cyf{t\ pm ;f7L k|ltzteGbf a9L k'?if / rfln; k|ltzteGbf sd :qL
x'G5 . h;nfO{ xfdL :qL eG5f“}+, pm ;f7L k|ltzteGbf a9L :qL / rfnL; k|ltzteGbf sd k'?if
x'G5 . zt k|ltzt k'?ifof}g jf :qLof}g ePsf] JolQm g} x'Fb}g . of] plrt s'/f klg xf] lsgeg]
k|To]s JolQmsf] hGd :qL / k'?ifaf6 ldn]/ ePsf] x'G5 . To;}n] b'j} g} p;leq k|j]z ub{5g\ . km/s
dfqfsf] dfq x'G5 / b'j}n] kl/l:yltadf]lhd k'?if h:tf] / :qL h:tf] Jojxf/ u5{g\ . ;gftgLx¿sf]
cw{gf/LZj/sf] wf/0ffnfO{ h'ª\un] :qL / k'?ifsf] gofF cy{df km]l/ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .
>Ls[i0f :qLx¿ klg dnfO{ pknAw x'G5g\ eGg'x'G5 . s[i0fsf] egfOsf] cy{ hf] Ps sbd klg
rNb}gg\, s]jn k|tLIff dfq u5{g\, pgLx¿n] klg dnfO{ kfpF5g\ . hf] Ps OGr klg grnL s]jn
d]/f] :d/0f dfq u5{g\ / cgGo efjn] dnfO{ k'sf/ dfq u5{g\, pgLx¿n] klg dnfO{ kfpF5g\ eGg]
xf] . …:q}0fÚ sf] cy{ xf] o:tf] dg hf] s]xL ug{ klg ;dy{ 5}g . hf] u|fxs dgsf] x'G5 pm åf/ vf]n]/

nf]suLtf– 404
 cWofo–(
k|tLIff ug{ ;S5, HofbfeGbf Hofbf ;dk{0f dfq ug{ ;S5 . o:f} u/L s'g} k'?if s]xL gu/Lsg a:of]
eg] pm klg …:q}0fÚ lrQsf] g} x'G5 . >Ls[i0f :q}0f Pjd\ j}Zo / z"b|n] klg dnfO{ kfpF5g\ eGg'x'G5 .
cfTdf Ps eP klg xfd|f] z/L/ leGg x'G5 / z/L/nfO{ xfdL dgåf/f g} kfpF5f“}+ . lxGb"x¿n] dg'iosf
rf/ k|sf/sf JolQmTj a|fXd0f, IfqL, j}Zo / z"› ljeflht u/]sf 5g\ . oL rf/ j0f{sf] ;DaGw xfd|f]
hGd;Fu x'Fb}g, xfd|f] JolQmTjsf] 9fFrf;Fu x'G5 . j0f{ h:t} dg'iodf rf/ k|sf/sf] JolQmTj x'G5 .
z"› Tof] JolQm xf] hf] z/L/sf] >dn] afFRb5, h;n] cl:tTjdf z/L/eGbf Hofbf s]xL b]Vb}g .
z/L/ g} p;sf] k/dfTdf x'G5 . z/L/sf] ;'vdf pm k|;Gg x'G5, z/L/sf] b'vdf pm b'vL x'G5 .
z/L/sf] dfu k"/f eof] eg] p;sf ;a} dfux¿ ;dfKt x'G5g\ . p;sf] JolQmTjsf] s]G› z/L/ x'G5 .
;a} JolQm hGdaf6 z"› x'G5g\ . ;a} JolQm hGdaf6 z/L/sf] cf;kf; x'G5g\ / afFsL prfO qmd–
cg';f/ pgLx¿n] cfkm“} kfpg'k5{ . hGdaf6 z"› eP/ hlGdg' b'ef{Uo xf]Og t/ clws JolQmx¿ z"›
g} eP/ d5{g\ Tof] eg] b'ef{Uo xf] . olb xfd|f] leqaf6 z"› ljnLg eof] eg] d[To'sf] kL8f x'Fb}g
lsgeg] d[To'sf] kL8f eg]sf] z/L/ 9Ng] kL8f xf] . h;sf] z"›tf z]if /xFb}g, pm ca d z/L/ xf]Og
eGg] s'/f /fd|/L hfGb5 . ;+If]kdf eGg] xf] eg] dg hf] cfkm"nfO{ z/L/ dfGb5 pm z"› xf] . z"›nfO{
To;}n] lgDgtd elgPsf] xf] . z"› x'g' hLjgsf] cfwf/ xf] . To;df c¿ hLjg p7fpg ;lsG5 t/
olb hLjg p7]g eg] Tof] a]sf/ l;4 x'G5 lsgeg] z/L/d} JolQm ;dfKt eof] eg] p;sf] hLjg Joy{
x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– z"› hf] cfˆgf] z/L/nfO{ g} cfwf/ dfg]/ afFR5g\ pgLx¿n] klg olb cgGo
efjn] d]/f] :d/0f u/] eg] pgLx¿ klg d'Qm x'G5g\ . >Ls[i0f lrQsf] lgDgtd bzf / cGwsf/df
ePsf] JolQmn] klg d]/f] :d/0f u¥of] eg] d]/f] k|sfzsf] ls/0f p;;Dd k'Ug] 5 eGg'x'G5 .
To:t} j}Zo Tof] xf] hf] dgsf] cf;kf; afFR5 . z"› hf] z/L/sf] cf;kf; afFR5, p;sf]
cfsfª\Iff 7f]; / :y"n x'G5 eg] j}Zosf] sfdgf / cfsfª\Iff dfgl;s / ;"Id x'G5 . j}Zo wgsf]
nflu afFR5 h'g ;"Id s'/f xf] . p;sf] wgaf6 k|fKt x'g] /; dgnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 . j}Zo wg, kb,
k|lti7fsf nflu z/L/ klg u'dfpg tof/ x'G5 . z"› z/L/sf nflu s]xL klg u'dfpFb}g / z/L/ g}
p;sf] df}lns d"No x'G5 . z"› z/L/n] :j:Yo x'G5 t/ j}Zo z/L/af6 c:j:Yf x'G5 . j}Zo z"›sf]
t'ngfdf k/dfTdflt/ Ps sbd cufl8 x'G5 lsgeg] z/L/af6 cfTdf;Dd hfgsf nflu s'g} g s'g}
If0f j}Zo x'g} k5{ . ;a} dflg; z"› eP/ hlGdG5g\ / sf]xL j}Zo;Dd k'u]/ ;dfKt x'G5g\ . j}Zo
klg Pp6f lj>fd :yn xf] wfd xf]Og . j}Zosf nflu dg z/L/eGbf d"Nojfg\ x'G5≤ ef]hg,
sfdjf;gf xf]Og wg, kb, k|lti7f / uf}/j d"Nojfg\ x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– j}Zo klg olb d]/f]
:d/0f u5{ eg] …dÚdf pknAw x'G5 . hf] JolQm dgn] 3]l/Psf 5g\ pgLx¿n] klg dnfO{ :d/0f u/]
eg] d]/f] ls/0f pgLx¿sxfF klg k'U5 .
Iflqo Tof] xf] hf] z/L/ / dgaf6 kf/ eP/ cfTdfdf afFRg yfN5 . z"› / j}Zosf] sf]l6nfO{
lxGb"x¿n] tn dfg]sf 5g\ / Iflqo / a|fXd0fnfO{ >]i7t/ dfg]sf 5g\ . h;sf nflu z/L/ / dgsf]
d"No x'Fb}g s]jn cfTduf}/jsf] d"No x'G5 ToxL JolQm Iflqo xf] . Iflqo cfTduf}/jsf] cf;kf; g}
afFR5 / o;sf nflu pm ;a} s'/f u'dfpg ;S5 . To:t} hf] cfTdfaf6 kf/ eP/ a|Xddf afFR5 Tof]
a|fXd0f xf] . p;sf nflu z/L/, dg Pjd\ cfTdfsf] klg d"No x'Fb}g s]jn k/dfTdfsf] dfq d"No
x'G5 . of] rf/ j0f{sf] hflt;Fu s'g} ;DaGw x'Fb}g . oL dg'iosf rf/ dg;\ k|sf/ x'g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– klxnf] b'O{ k|sf/sf JolQm klg …dÚ df pknAw x'G5g\ eg] kl5Nnf] b'O{
k|sf/sf af/]df t s]xL elg/xg cfjZos g} 5}g . pgLx¿n] d]/f] :d/0f u/]df pgLx¿ …dÚ df
pknAw 5+Fb} 5g\ . :q}0f, z"› jf j}Zo hf] eP klg h;n] d]/f] cgGo efjn] :d/0f u5{g\ pgLx¿ d]/f]
z/0f kfP/ k/d ultdf k'U5g\ . of] hftsf] cfwf/df lgGbf xf]Og tYosf] ljZn]if0f dfq xf] . z/L/ /
dgsf] tndf afFRg]x¿ klg d]/f z/0fdf cfP eg] dnfO{ kfpg] 5g\ . s[i0f z/0fdf cfpg] d"No
nf]suLtf– 405
cWofo–(
atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . xfdL sf] xf}+“, Tof] dxŒjk"0f{ xf]Og≤ /fd|f 5f}+“ jf g/fd|f 5f}F≤ of] klg dxŒjk"0f{ xf]Og≤
s]jn k/dfTdfsf] z/0fdf hfg] Ifdtf 5 ls 5}g eGg] dfq d"Nojfg\ xf] . >Ls[i0f Ps dfq ;t{
;dk{0f eGg'x'G5 . cfˆgf] cxª\sf/nfO{ k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf lj;h{g ug]{ s'/f dxŒjk"0f{ xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k'0ozLn a|fXDf0fhg / /fhlif{ eQmhgn] dnfO{ ;dk{0f u/]df pgLx¿ k/d
ultnfO{ k|fKt x'g' ;'lglZrt 5 . To;}n] ltdL ;'v/lxt, If0feª\u'/ o; nf]sdf k|fKt eP/ lg/Gt/
d]/} ehg u/ . s]jn …dÚ k/dfTdfdf crn dg nufpg]jfnf xf]pm / …dÚ k/d]Zj/nfO{ g} lg/Gt/
eHg]jfnf xf]pm . >4f–elQm / ljXjntfk"j{s d]/f] k"hg ug]{jfnf xf]pm / …dÚ k/dfTdfnfO{ k|0ffd
u/ . o;k|sf/ d]/f] z/0fdf cfP/ cfTdfnfO{ …dÚdf Ps efjn]] ;dlk{t u/]df dnfO{ g} k|fKt ug]{ 5f} .
;'v/lxt / If0feª\u'/ nf]sdf hxfF afFlr/x]sf 5f}“, ToxfF ;'vsf] cfef; t w]/} x'G5 t/ ;'v k|fKt
x'Fb}g . ToxfF s]jn b'v dfq k|fKt x'G5 t/ cfef; eg] ;'vsf] x'G5 . >Ls[i0fn] b'vn] el/Psf] ;+;f/
gegLsg ;'v/lxt ;+;f/ eGg'ePsf] 5 lsgeg] b'v t xfdLn] o; hut\nfO{ ;'v dfg]sf sf/0faf6
k}bf ePsf] xf] . xfdL ;'v hut\nfO{ dfG5f}+, To;}n] b'v kfpF5f}+“ . olb xfdLn] hut\df ;'v dfu u/]gf}+
eg] xfdLnfO{ b'v k|fKt x'Fb}g . b'v xfd|f] ck]Iffsf] kl/0ffd xf] . 6'6]sf] ck]Iff / k|fKt gePsf] ;'v
b'v aGb5 . To;}n] hut\nfO{ b'v eGg' pko'Qm x'Fb}g lsgeg] b'v t xfd|f] ck]Iff k"/f geP/ hGd
ePsf] xf] .
olb s'g} dg'ion] hut\ ;'v/lxt 5 eg]/ hfGof] eg] p;nfO{ o; hut\df b'v x'Fb}g . b'v
:j–cflh{t xf] / hut\ If0feª\u'/ xf], hf] Ps If0fdf gi6 x'g]jfnf 5 . xfdLnfO{ hut\ l:y/ 5 h:tf]
nfU5 t/ hut\ k|ltkn kl/jlt{t eO/x]sf] 5 . kl/jt{g gbL h:tf] tLj| ultn] k|ltkn alu/x]sf]
5 . gbL t alu/x]sf] b]lvG5, kxf8 l:y/ b]lvG5 t/ kxf8 klg alu/x]sf] 5 . s]jn kxf8sf] aUg]
;do cln nfdf] x'G5 / gbLsf] aUg] ;do tLj| x'G5 . To;}n] gbL au]sf] b]lvG5 t/ kxf8 au]sf]
b]lvF+b}g . lxhf] h'g kxf8 lyP tL cfh 5}gg\ / cfh h'g kxf8 5g\ tL ef]ln x'Fb}gg\ . ca t
j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– k|To]s s'/f alu/x]sf] 5 cyf{t\ k|To]s s'/f ultdfg\ 5g\ . oxfF x/]s If0f s]xL
kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] 5 . oxfF s'g} s'/f klg Ps If0feGbf w]/} l6Sb}g . aflx/ / leq b'j}tkm{ Ps If0f
klg s'g} s'/f l6Sb}g . xfd|f] dg Ps If0f klg pxLF /xF+b}g . PsIf0f cl3 h'g s'/fdf ;'v nflu/x]sf]
lyof] Ps If0fkl5 b'vdf ablnG5 . leq dg abln/x]sf] / aflx/ ;+;f/ abln/x]sf] 5, s'g} klg s'/f
/f]lsPsf] 5}g . hxfF s]xL s'/f /f]lsPsf] 5}g, ToxfF xfd|f] /f]Sg] cfsfª\Iffn] xfdLnfO{ b'v dfq k|fKt
x'G5 . xfdL k|To]s /fd|f s'/fnfO{ /f]Sg rfxG5f}+, hf] hut\sf] lgodsf] ljk/Lt xf]≤ To;}n] xf/]/ xfdL
b'vL x'G5f“}+ . hLjgsf] k|jfx ljk/Lt xfdL l:y/nfO{ vf]Hg rfxG5f}+ h'g sljtfdf dfq ;Dej x'G5 .
s'g} klg s'/f l:y/ 5}g s]jn Ps dfq s'/f l:y/ 5 Tof] xf] kl/jt{g . 1fgsf] cy{ hLjgsf]
lgodnfO{ hfg]/ afFRg' / c1fgsf] cy{ hLjgsf] lgodsf ljk/Lt rNg' xf] . lgodsf] ljk/Lt rNbf
dflg;n] b'v dfq kfpF5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] ;a} If0feª\u'/ 5 . To;}n] If0feª\u'/ o; nf]sdf ltdL lg/Gt/ d]/f] g}
ehg u/ . clg dfq ltdLn] Tof] kfpg ;Sg] 5f}“, hf] slxNo} klg Ifo x'Fb}g . afFsL ltdLn] wg, oz,
sLlt{, /fHo h] kfP klg Tof] ;dfKt x'G5 . o; ;+;f/df s]xL kfpg] lalQs} Tof] x/fpg yfN5 . oxfF
lht ;''? x'g]lalQs} xf/sf] ;'?jft eOxfN5 . o;sf] sf/0f hLjg If0feª\u'/ 5, To;}n] hLjg;Fu
n8\g' a]sf/ 5 . o;/L n8]df JolQm g} 6'6\5 . of] zlQm hf] hLjg;Fu n8\g nflu/x]sf] 5 ToxL
zlQmnfO{ csf]{ pknlAwk"0f{ s'/f zfZjt k/dfTdfsf] k|]ddf nufpg ;lsG5 . hLjgsf] lgodsf
ljk/Lt ha;Dd If0feª\u'/ s'/fdf xfdL zfZjtnfO{ vf]H5f“},+ ta;Dd 6'l6 g} /xG5f“}+ / Tof] zfZjtsf]
k|tLlt x'g ;Sb}g . hldgeGbf @)) dfOn dfly hldgsf] u'?Œjfsif{0fn] tfGg g;s] h:t}

nf]suLtf– 406
 cWofo–(
k/dfTdfsf] k|]ddf p7\g]lalQs} ;f/f lgod cs}{ x'G5 . oxfF ;a} If0feª\u'/ 5 t/ ToxfF ;a} zfZjt
x'G5 . oxfF ;a} ;'v/lxt 5 ToxfF ;a} b'v/lxt x'G5 . ToxfF g ;'v g b'v s]jn cfgGb dfq x'G5 .
hxfF s'g} kl/jt{g x'Fb}g, ToxfF ;do klg x'Fb}g lsgeg] ;do t kl/jt{gsf] dfWod xf] . oxfF
xfdL ;dodf afFR5f} / ;do xfdLnfO{ Ps If0f dfq k|fKt x'G5 . b'O{ If0f Ps;fy slxNo} klg x'Fb}g .
Ps If0f ;dfKt ePkl5 dfq csf]{ If0f xftdf cfpF5 . o;sf] cy{ xfdL;Fu Ps If0feGbf a9L
lhGbuL slxn] klg x'Fb}g eGg] xf] . Pp6f kfgLsf] yf]kfdf hlt On]S6«f]g x'G5, To;nfO{ tLg c/a
JolQmx¿n] u0fgf u/] eg] ^ s/f]8 jif{ nfU5 . To;} Ps ;]s]G8df slt If0f x'G5 eGg sl7g 5 .
PsIf0f hfGgdf hlt ;do nfU5, ta;Dd pm lalt;S5 . If0f olt ;fgf] 5 ls Tof] xfd|f] xftdf 5
eGg] klg yfxf x'Fb}g . To;}n] hLjg klg olt If0feª\u'/ 5 ls slxn] xfdLaf6 u'lh|G5 Tof] yfxf klg
x'Fb}g . of] kl/jt{g / efUg] ;dosf] wf/fdf hf] hLjgsf] zfZjt ejg agfpg] sf]l;; u5{, pm b'v
/ kL8fdf kg'{ :jfefljs xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û of] If0feª\u'/ / ;'v/lxt ;+;f/df ltdL
dnfO{ :d/0f u/ / cgGo k|]dn] crn dgjfnf eP/ …dÚ k/d]Zj/nfO{ lg/Gt/ eh . >4f, elQm /
k|]dn] ljXjntfk"j{s k"hf u/ / …dÚ k/dfTdfnfO{ k|0ffd u/ . d]/f] z/0f eP/ …dÚ;Fu Ps} efj ePsf]
JolQmn] g} dnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ 5 .
oL ;a} egfOsf] ;f/ ;+;f/df b[li6 g/fVg' eGg] g} xf] lsgeg] ToxfF s]xL klg xftdf
cfpFb}g . hf] xftdf cfpg ;S5 Tof] Psbd lsgf/fdf g} l:yt 5≤ b[li6 3'dfPkl5 dfq To;nfO{
b]Vg ;lsG5 . ;+;f/df Wofg glbO{ h;df ;+;f/ alu/x]sf] 5 / h;df ;+;f/ pTklQ / no x'G5
To;df Wofg lbg'k5{, cfˆgf] cfFvf vf]n]/ To;sf] bz{g ug]{ k|of; ug'{k5{ . lgT;]n] eg]sf 5g\–
cefuL Tof] JolQm x'G5, ha dflg; cfkm"af6 t[Kt x'G5 . wd{sf] cy{ klg JolQm cfkm";Fu ct[Kt x'g'
xf] . dg'io x'g' kof{Kt 5}g lsgeg] p;df k/dfTdf x'g] ;Defjgf 5 . Tof] ;Defjgfsf] vf]hn] g}
k/dfTdflt/ p7fpF5 .
Pp6f afns cfdfsf] sf]vdf gf} dlxgf;Dd /xFbf p;n] Zjf; klg km]b}{g / hlGdPkl5
klxnf] k6s ?g yfN5 . Tof] ?jfO Zjf; km]g{sf nflu xf] t/ afnsdf Pp6f a]r}gL x'G5 Tof]
hfGgsf nflu hf] p;n] hfg]sf] 5}g / aRrfdf cghfg hut\df k|j]z ug'{cl3sf] Jofs'ntfn]
ljXjntf k}bf x'G5 . s[i0fn] ToxL ljXjntfsf] s'/f eGg'ePsf] xf] . aRrf ?G5 / ToxL ?jfOdf
Zjf; leq aflx/ x'G5 / Åbosf] w8\sg ;'? x'G5 . To;}n] hlGdg] lalQs} aRrf ?G5, g/f]Pdf
?jfpg] k|of; ul/G5 . xfdLnfO{ k/dfTdfsf af/]df / o; hut\sf af/]df s]xL yfxf 5}g . olb
k/dfTdfsf] af/]df s]xL yfxf 5}g eg] xfdL aRrf /f]Ph:t} u/]/ ?g, Åbok"j{s k'sf/ ug{ / cfF;'
aufpg t ;S5f“}+ . >Ls[i0fn] o;}nfO{ ljXjntf eGg'ePsf] xf] . k/dfTdf cufl8 b]Vg g;Sbf h'g
a]r}gL k}bf x'G5, ToxL g} ljXjntf xf] . cGhfg hut\df k|j]z ug{sf nflu ha JolQm /f]bgn]
el/G5, ta p;sf] Zjf;n] k|f0f lng ;''? u/]/ pm cs}{ nf]sdf k|j]z u5{ . >Ls[i0f To;}nfO{
k/dfTdfn] ljXjntfk"j{s u/]sf] k|fy{gf ;'G5g\ eGg'x'G5 .
;+;f/¿kL ;fu/df k|of; / >d ubf{ klg uGtJodf slxNo} k'luF+b}g t/ csf]{ nf]s h;sf
af/]df >Ls[i0f eGb} x'g'x'G5, ToxfF JolQmn] >d / k|of; ug{' g} kb}{g . ToxfF k/dfTdfn] g} ;a}
;~rfng u5{ . p;s} xfjfn] xfd|f] 8'FufnfO{ rnfpF5 s]jn xfdLn] p;nfO{ lhDdf lbP/ ;dlk{t x'g'
dfq k5{ . cfˆgf] 8'FufnfO{ gVofO{ p;}nfO{ 5f]8\g' / p;n] hxfF nfG5, ToxLF hfg' g} ;dk{0f xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] JolQm h;n] ;a} 5f]8\5 pm …dÚdf pknAw x'G5 . k/dfTdfk|lt ;dk{0f g}
gofF hLjgsf] ;''?jft xf] . k/dfTdfk|lt ljXjntfk"j{s k|fy{gf, k'sf/ / p;df ;dk{0f efj g}
¿kfGt/0f xf] . s[i0fk|lt lg/Gt/ cgGo efjn] >4fk"j{s ;dk{0f u/L :d/0f ug{' g} xfd|f] hLjgsf]
:jefj xf] h;af6 xfdL s[i0fdf nLg x'g ;S5f}+“ .
nf]suLtf– 407
cWofo–(
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] /fhljBf/fhu'Xoof]uf] gfd
gjdf]˜WofoM ..(..

nf]suLtf– 408
 cWofo–(

nf]suLtf– 409
cWofo–(

nf]suLtf– 410
 cWofo–!)
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
b;f}+ cWofo
lje"ltof]uM

>Leujfg'jfr .
e"o Pj dxfafxf] >[0f' d] k/d+ jrM .
oQ]˜x+ k|Lodf0ffo jIofld lxtsfDoof ..!..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– x] dxfafx' Û ltdL d]/f cltzo lk|o ePsfn] ltd|f] lxtsf nflu k'gM
clxn];Dds} >]i7 k/d /x:o / k|efjo'Qm k/d jrg eGb5' ;'g ..
g d] ljb'M ;'/u0ffM k|ej+ g dxif{oM .
cxdflblx{ b]jfgf+ dxifL{0ff+ r ;j{zM ..@..
d]/f] pTklQsf] s'/f cyf{t\ nLnfn] k|s6 x'g] s'/f b]ju0f tyf dxlif{x¿n] klg hfGb}gg\ lsgeg]
d g} ;a}k|sf/af6 b]j / dxlif{x¿sf] cflbsf/0f x'F ..
of] dfdhdgflb+ r j]lQ nf]sdx]Zj/d\ .
c;Dd"9M ; dTo]{if' ;j{kfk}M k|d'Rot] ..#..
h;n] dnfO{ chGdf, cgflb / a|Xdf08sf] dxfg\ O{Zj/ tŒj xf] eGg] hfGb5, tLdWo] df]x/lxt
jf 1fgjfg\ k'?if ;Dk"0f{ kfkx¿af6 d'Qm x'G5 ..
hLjg /x:o xf] lsgeg] /x:o g} hLjgsf] :jefj xf] . s'g} klg c1ft hf] ef]ln 1ft x'g
;S5, Tof] /x:o xf]Og . slxn] klg hfGg g;lsg] c1]o dfq /x:o xf] . o:tf] c1ft / c1]osf]
;DaGwsf] jrgnfO{ >Ls[i0f k/d jrg eGg'x'G5 . jrg ;To / c;To x'G5 t/ >Ls[i0f ;To jrg
geg]/ k/d jrg eGg'x'G5 . ;To jrgsf ljk/Lt c;To jrg klg x'g ;S5 t/ k/d jrgsf
ljk/Lt s'g} jrg x'Fb}g . k/d jrg ;To / c;ToeGbf dflysf] jrg xf] . xfdL h;sf ;DaGwdf
slxn] klg lg0ff{os x'g ;Sb}gf}F, Tof] k/d jrg xf] . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdLk|ltsf] k|]d /
ltd|f] lxtsf nflu k/d jrg k]ml/ eG5', To;nfO{ ltdL ;'g . ch{'g h'g cj:yfdf 5g\ Tof]
cj:yfdf of] k/d jrgsf af/]df s]xL klg a'‰g ;Sb}gg\ . k/d jrgsf nflu JolQm ;dlk{t geO{
hfGg ;Sb}g, To;}n] wd{n] >4fnfO{ cfwf/ agfPsf] xf] .
k/d jrg o:tf] jrg xf] hf] ;do / sfnn] ¿kfGtl/t x'g ;Sb}g . xfd|f] ;a} ;To
;fdlos xf] h'g ;do ablnPkl5 ablnG5 . t/ o:tf] ;To klg 5 hf] ;dodf afFlwPsf] 5}g .
x/]s kl/jt{gsf k5fl8 ckl/jt{g n's]sf] x'G5 / x/]s ultsf k5fl8 s]G›df ult gx'g] l:y/ s'/f
klg x'G5 . ;a} kl/jt{gdf klg hf] kl/jt{g geO{ l:y/ /xG5 To;nfO{ hfGg' g} k/d ;TonfO{ hfGg'
xf] . >Ls[i0f o:tf] ;TonfO{ atfpg] jrg g} k/d jrg eGg'x'G5 . k/d ;To s]jn To;nfO{ dfq
eGg ;lsG5 hf] cltzo k|]dn] el/Psf] x'G5 . of] hfGgsf nflu Pp6f ulx/f] ;DaGw rflxG5
lsgeg] h;;Fu ;To jrg af]lnG5 Tof] ;'Gg] JolQmdf klg plQs} ;b\efj x'g'k5{ . ch{'g;Fu
s[i0fsf] ulx/f] k|]d Pjd\ ;b\efj /x]sfn] klg pxfFn] of] k/d ;To eGg nfUg'ePsf] xf] . k|]d o:tf]
åf/ xf], hxfFaf6 ulx/f] s'/f eGg ;lsG5 lsgeg] k|]ddf dWo x'Fb}g clt dfq x'G5 . ch{'gdf k|]dk"0f{
;dk{0fsf] efj b]v]/ s[i0f pgnfO{ k/d;To eGg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . ;To o:tf] klg x'g ;S5 h;af6
s;}sf] lxt gxf];\ . lj1fgn] o:tf] w]/} ;To vf]h]sf] 5 h;af6 ;+;f/df clxt dfq eO/x]sf] 5 .
nf]suLtf– 411
cWofo–!)
To;}n] s'g} klg s'/f ;To x'g' dfq kof{Kt 5}g . ;To cfkm}+“df kof{Kt x'Fb}g, ;To t sxLF k'Ug] ;fwg
dfq xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– dg'iosf] k/d dËn h'g ;Toaf6 k|fKt x'G5, Tof] ltd|f lxtsf nflu
eG5' . ;Tosf] k/d s;f}6L cfgGb xf] . To;}n] h'g ;Toaf6 cfgGb kmlnt x'G5, ToxL ;To xf] .
a'4n] h;n] k/d cj:yfdf k'¥ofpF5 Tof] ;To xf] eGg'ePsf] 5 .
x] ch{'g Û d]/f] pTklQnfO{ cyf{t\ lje"lt;lxt nLnfn] k|s6 x'g'nfO{ g b]jtfx¿ hfGb5g\ g
dxlif{hg g} hfGb5g\ lsgeg] …dÚ ;a} k|sf/n] b]jtf / dxlif{x¿sf] klg cflbsf/0f x'F . of] s'/f a'‰g
k/d >4f cfjZos x'G5 . of] hut\sf] h'g d"n cfwf/ xf], To;nfO{ sf]xL klg hfGg ;Sb}gg\
lsgeg] Tof] d"n cfwf/ b]jtf / dxlif{ gx'Fbf klg lyof] . d cfˆgf] cfFvfn] ;a} b]Vg ;S5' t/ cfˆgf
cfFvf eg] b]Vg ;lSbgF . Tof] df}lns jf d"n h;af6 b]jtf / dxlif{x¿sf ;fy} ;a} hlGdG5g\ /
p;}df nLg x'G5g\, p;sf] hGd / x'g'nfO{ cyf{t\ cl:tTjsf] d"n sf/0fnfO{ s;}n] klg b]Vg ;Sb}g .
p;sf] egfOnfO{ >4fn] dfGg'sf cltl/Qm cGo s'g} pkfo klg x'Fb}g . hfGg] k'?ifx¿ dxlif{ x'g\ t/
s[i0fsf] o; egfOn] hf] hfGb5g\ pgLx¿ klg pTklQsf af/]df cgle1 5g\ . xfdL sf]xL klg hfGg
;Sb}gf“}+ lsgeg] xfdLx¿ ;a} p;sf c+z xf}F . Tof] d"nsf] pTklQ c1ft / c1]o g} x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– …dÚ b]jtf / dxlif{sf] klg cflbsf/0f x'F . ;d:t lbJotf / 1fg d]/f] g} ¿k xf] . d]/f]
1fgn] dnfO{ hfGg ;Sb}g . xfd|f] cfFvfn] cfkm"nfO{ P]gfdf b]Vg ;S5 t/ P]gfdf b]lvg] cfFvf
k|ltljDa dfq xf] . To;}n] Clifx¿n] klg hfg]sf] s'/f k/dfTdfsf] 5fofF dfq xf] k/dfTdf xf]Og .
b]jtf klg h;sf] k"hfcr{gf u5{g\, Tof] k/dfTdfsf] 5fof xf] . h'g lbg k|ltljDa 5'6]/ hfGg]jfnf
cfkm"nfO{ klg e'N5, Tof] lbg pm Clif / b]jtf x'Fb}g k/dfTdf g} x'G5 . ToxL k/dfTdf g} cfˆgf]
cleJolQm >Ls[i0fåf/f ul//x]sf] 5 .
lxGb"x¿ j]bnfO{ k/dfTdfsf] jrg eG5g\ . s'/fgnfO{ d';ndfgx¿ O{Zj/af6 l;wf k|s6
ePsf] Onxfd eG5g\ . O;fO{x¿ klg afOan O{Zj/Lo ?xfgL jf k|l;4 wd{u|Gy xf] eG5g\ t/ o;
s'/fnfO{ s;}n] klg l7s;Fu l;4 ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . oL ;a} dxfg\ u|Gydf cToGt a'l4dfg\x¿ /
>]i7td JolQmx¿sf jrg x'g ;S5g\ t/ tL O{Zj/Lo x'g'sf] s'g} sf/0f k'li6 ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ t/
O{Zj/Lo dfGg] sf/0f s[i0fsf] o; sygdf 5 . of] hut\sf] df}lns cfwf/;DaGwL jQmJo d"naf6
cyf{t\ O{Zj/af6 dfq cfpg ;S5 csf]{ JolQmn] lbg ;Sb}g . ;fu/n] g} cfˆgf af/]df eGg' l7s
x'G5, yf]kfn] eGg' unt x'G5 . xfdL ;a} cfˆgf] cfzo jf cy{ u|Gyx¿df xfN5f}F . ha xfdL j]b
k9\5f“},+ ta cfkm"nfO{ j]bdf xfN5f“}+ / xfdL h] 5f}+“, ToxL cy{ lgsfN5f}+“ t/ ha xfdL kl/jt{g eP/ j]b
k9\5f}+“, ta j]bsf] cy{ cs}{ x'G5 . ha xfdLdf cxª\sf/ g/x]/ k/dfTdf dfq z]if /xG5, ta To;sf]
cy{ k"0f{¿kdf cnu x'G5 . h;n] ;To cg'ej u/]sf] 5 p;n] hfGb5 ls j]bsf jrgx¿ Clifsf
jrg xf]Ogg\, tL Clifx¿sf] kf/af6 cfPsf jrg x'g\ . dg'iosf] kf/af6 jrg ta dfq cfpF5, ha
pm stf{kg TofUg tof/ x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d b]jtf / Clifsf] klg cflbsf/0f x'F / hf] dnfO{ chGdf, cgflb tyf
nf]sx¿sf] dxfg\ O{Zj/ tŒjn] hfGb5 tL df]x/lxt 1fgjfg\ k'?if ;Dk"0f{ kfkaf6 d'Qm x'G5g\ . pxL
JolQm kfk / c1fgjf6 d'Qm x'G5 hf] chGdf tŒjnfO{ hfGb5 . xfdL O{Zj/nfO{ ;|i6f dfG5f“}+ t/
O{Zj/ ;|i6f dfq xf]Og cl:tTj xf], hxfF pxL dfq 5 p;sf cltl/Qm c¿ sf]xL klg 5}g . h] xfdL
b]V5f}+“, Tof] O{Zj/eGbf leGg xf]Og, ;a} p;}sf] cleJolQm xf] . O{Zj/sf] cy{ k"0f{tf xf] / ;Dk"0f{
cl:tTjsf] wfld{s gfd O{Zj/ xf] . of] ;[li6 jf k|s[lt hf] rf/}lt/ km}lnPsf] b]lvG5 Tof] k/dfTdfsf]
g} c+z xf] . of] k/dfTdf h:t} chGdf 5 . hGd xfd|f] k|f/De xf] / cGTo xfd|f] d[To' xf] . xfdL
;+;f/df k|f/De / cGTo gx'g] s]xL klg hfGb}gf“} . To;}n] of] u"9 /x:onfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ xfd|f] a'l4nfO{

nf]suLtf– 412
 cWofo–!)
c8rg x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] …dnfO{Ú chGdf, cgflbsf] ¿kdf hfGb5 Tof] JolQm 1fgjfg\
xf] / o:tf] hfGg] JolQm ;Dk"0f{ kfkaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . of] cl:tTjsf] s'g} k|f/De / cGt 5}g .
j}1flgsx¿ klg Pp6f afn'jfsf] s0fnfO{ lgdf{0f jf gi6 ug{ ;ls+Fb}g s]jn ¿k kl/jt{g ug{
;lsG5 eGb5g\ . o; hut\sf] kl/df0ffTds l:ylt /QLe/ klg kl/jlt{t x'Fb}g .
ha O{Zj/sf] s'g} k|f/De / cGTo 5}g Pjd\ pm chGdf xf] eg]/ hflgG5, ta cfˆgf] / c¿
s;}sf] klg s'g} k|f/De / cGTo gePsf] 1ft x'G5 To; l:yltdf kfksf] s'g} cy{ /xFb}g / cfkm"n]
u/]sf] kfk jf cfkm"dfly c¿n] u/]sf] kfk d"NoxLg x'G5 . olb d d[To'kl5 klg z]if /xG5' /
hGdeGbf klxn] klg d lyPF eg] hLjgdf h'g s'/fx¿k|lt cf;lQm /fv]/ d"Nojfg\ dflgGYof] Tof]
d"NoxLg x'g] 5 / ;a} s'/f v]n h:tf] dfq x'Gf] 5 . o:tf] af]w ePkl5 lht–xf/ a/fa/ eP/
d]l6g'sf] cy{ klg /xF+b}g . v]ndf xf/ eP/ klg xfdL d]l6b}gf“}+ / lht eP/ klg xfdL gofF x'Fb}gf}+“ .
o:tf] af]w ePkl5 kfk / k'0o b'j} d"Nojfg\ x'Fb}gg\ / cfk"m h] 5' Tof] d"Nojfg\ xf] eGg] 1fgsf] pbo
x'G5 . of] 1fgljgf sf]xL klg kfkaf6 d'Qm x'g ;Sb}gg\ . xfdLh:t} ch{'gn] klg of] 1fgsf] Hof]lt
a'em]sf 5}gg\ . To;}n] o'4df cfkmGtx¿nfO{ dfg{' pgL kfk 7fGb5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb ltdLn]
of] chGdf / cgflbnfO{ hfGof} eg] kfk / k'0osf] h'g wf/0ff ltdLdf k}bf ePsf] 5, Tof] ;a}
lj;lh{t x'g] 5 .
k/d 1fgLsf nflu kfk / k'0osf] s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g / p;n] h] u5{ Tof] k'0o g} x'G5 . JolQm
ha O{Zj/sf] cv08tf / ;ftTjsf] cg'ej u5{, ta kfk / k'0osf] kl/efiff g} ablnG5 . c1fgdf
kfk x'G5 / 1fgdf k'0o x'G5 . c1fgdf ul/g] k'0o k'0o g} xf]Og . c1fgLn] dlGb/ agfpFbf k'0o
u/]sf] 7fGb5 t/ Tof] k'0o ug{sf nflu kfk u/]/ wgfh{g u/]sf] x'G5 . t;y{ c1fgLn] h] u/] klg
c1fgsf] sf/0f Tof] kfk g} x'G5 . 1fgLn] u/]sf x/]s lqmofsnfk k'0o x'G5g\ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{
eGg'x'G5– ltdL o'4 n8\g] lrGtf gu/ a? 1fgsf] lrGtf u/ . ltdLn] 1fg k|fKt u¥of} eg] oL ;f/f
o'4d}bfgdf pkl:yt dflg;x¿nfO{ sf6] klg Tof] kfk x'Fb}g t/ olb 1fg ePg eg] ltdL hËndf
efu]/ uP klg of ltdLn] h'g;'s} lqmofsnfk u/] klg Tof] kfk g} x'G5 . of] k/d1fg k/dfTdf;Fu
PsTj ePdf dfq x'G5 . >Ls[i0f o;df o:tf] k/djrgsf] 3f]if0ff ub}{ x'g'x'G5 h;nfO{ a'l4n] hfGg
;lsF+b}g, ts{af6 pm;Dd k'Ug] s'g} pkfo 5}g, o;nfO{ t k|]d / >4fn] dfq hfGg ;lsG5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gsf] lxtsf lglDt oL s'/f eGb} x'g'x'G5 t/ ch{'g ;'Gg tof/ ePkl5 dfq pgn]
of] k/d;To a'‰g] 5g\ . o; k/d;Tosf] cfzo hLjg cgflb / chGdf xf] eGg] xf] . cl:tTjsf] g
s'g} k|f/De x'G5 g cGTo g} x'G5 . xfdL of] cl:tTjdf ;fgf] 5fneGbf a9\tf xf]Ogf}+“ . xfd|f] sd{ of]
k/d lj:tf/nfO{ ;f]Rbf Pp6f nLnf of v]n dfq xf] . o; ;+;f/sf] lj:tf/ ;LdfxLg 5 . oxfF sl/a
rf/ c/a tf/fx¿eGbf klg s}of}+“ u'0ff a9L dfkg ug{ g;Sg] lj:tf/ 5 . xfdLnfO{ c;Ldsf]
clnslt dfq emns ldNof] eg] xfd|f] hLjgdf ;a} n8fOF Joy{ x'G5 . xfdLn] olb k/dfTdfsf]
lj:tf/sf] cg'ej ug{ ;Sof}+ eg] kfk / cxª\sf/ sxLF klg l6Sg ;Sb}g / Tof] ;a} x/fP/ hfG5 .
Tof] x/fpg] lalQs} JolQm JolQm /xFb}g k/dfTdf x'G5 .
a'l41f{gd;Ddf]xM Ifdf ;To+ bdM zdM .
;'v+ b'Mv+ ejf]˜efjf] eo+ rfeod]j r ..$..
lgZro ug]{ zlQm a'l4, oyfy{ 1fg, c;Ddf]x, Ifdf, ;To, OlG›o / dgsf] lgoGq0f, ;'v–b'v,
hGd–d[To', eo–ceosf] efj klg daf6 g} k}bf x'G5 ..

nf]suLtf– 413
cWofo–!)
clx+;f ;dtf t'li6:tkf] bfg+ ozf]˜ozM .
ejlGt efjf e"tfgf+ dQ Pj k[ylUjwfM ..%..

clx+;f, ;dtf, ;Gtf]if, tk, bfg, oz, ckoz nufotsf k|f0fLx¿sf cg]s k|sf/sf efjx¿
…dÚ af6 g} x'G5g\ ..
dxif{oM ;Kt k"j]{ rTjf/f] dgj:tyf .
d∫fjf dfg;f hftf o]iff+ nf]s OdfM k|hfM ..^..
;ft dxlif{x¿, To;eGbf cl3sf rf/ ;gsflb d'lgx¿, rf}w dg'x¿ ;a} d]/f dg jf
;ª\sNkaf6 pTkGg ePsf / …dÚdf ;b\efj /fVg]x¿ x'g\, h;sf] ;+;f/df oL ;a} k|hf x'g\ ..
cfsfzn] h;/L ;Dk"0f{nfO{ 3]/]sf] x'G5 To;/L g} kbfy{ / r]tgfsf] s0f–s0fdf k/dfTdf
cleJoQm x'G5 . >Ls[i0fn] oL Znf]sdf ch{'gnfO{ o; ;+;f/df …dÚ l;jfo s]xL klg 5}g eGg'ePsf]
5 . s'g} tŒj h;n] ;a}nfO{ hf]8]sf] 5 To;nfO{ xfdL b]Vb}gf“}+ . xfdL dfnfdf km"n b]V5f“+} t/ tL km"n
leqsf] wfuf] b]Vb}gf“}+ . xfdL v08 b]V5f“}+ t/ cv08 b]Vb}gf}+ lsgeg] xfdLnfO{ To;sf] s'g} cg'ej g}
5}g . ha;Dd cv08sf] cg'ej x'Fb}g, ta;Dd k/dfTdfsf] k|tLlt x'g ;Sb}g . xfdL h'g cv08nfO{
bz{g ug{ dlGb/, dl:hb, rr{, u'Daf, u'?åf/fdf hfG5f“},+ ToxfF tL dlGb/x¿n] klg cv08nfO{ v08
v08df tf]8\g ;xfotf u/]sf 5g\ . dlGb/x¿ t cnu 5g\ eg] k"/f hLjg Ps x'g cToGt sl7g
5 . jf:tjdf dlGb/x¿ cnu xf]Ogg\ t/ xfd|f] x]/fOsf] 9Ë cnu ePsfn] xfdL cv08 b]Vg
;Sb}gf}+“ . xfdL ljzfn ;du| h;n] xfdLnfO{ 3]/]sf] x'G5 To;nfO{ b]Vb}gf“} . ch{'gsf] klg xfd|f] h:t}
sl7gfO 5 . pgnfO{ klg cv08sf] cg'ej ePsf] 5}g . pgL cfkm", cfkmGthg, ldq–zq', ;'v–b'v,
kfk–k'0o ;a} b]V5g\ t/ Tof] Ps hf] ;a}sf] leq n's]sf] 5 Tof] dfq b]Vg ;Sb}gg\ . ch{'g vl08t /
s[i0f cvl08t b[li6sf k|tLs ePsfn] s[i0f / ch'{gsf lardf b'O{ b[li6sf]0fsf af/]df rrf{ ePsf]
xf] . o; ;Gbe{df >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ …dÚ sxfF sxfF 5' eGg] hfgsf/L lbF+b} x'g'x'G5 . …dÚ g} ;a} 7fpF /
;a}df 5' eGg' g} kof{Kt x'g] lyof] t/ o;/L eGbf ch{'gn] a'‰g g;Sg] ePsfn] pgnfO{ v08
v08df atfpg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . ch{'gnfO{ v08df Tof] cv08sf] k|tLlt x'g;Sof] eg] v08 Ps lbg
x/fpg] / k"0f{ cv08sf] bz{g x'g] 5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– lgZro ug]{ zlQm Pjd\ tŒj1fg / cd"9tf …dÚ x'F . oL tLg zAb Hofb}
d"Nojfg\ 5g\ . xfd|f] dg clgZro ug]{ zlQm h:t} 5 . dgsf] ;f/f sfd g} xfdLnfO{ lglZrt x'g
glbg' xf] . dg hlxn] klg clgZrodf g} x'G5 / k"/f dg slxNo} x'Fb}g . dgsf] Ps lx:;f xd];f
lj/f]wdf x'G5 . xfdL s;};Fu k|]d ubf{ klg k"0f{ dgn] ub}{gf}+“ . dg hxfF k"0f{ x'G5 ToxfF dg ;dfKt
x'G5 / ha;Dd cw'/f] x'G5 ta;Dd dg x'G5 . cw'/f] x'g', v08–v08df afFl8g' Pjd\ åGådf /xg'
dgsf] :jefj xf] . cw'/f] JolQm;Fu dg x'G5 t/ k"0f{ JolQm;Fu dg x'Fb}g . /fd, s[i0f, a'4 h:tf
JolQm;Fu dg x'Fb}g . ha dg x/fpF5, ta cfTdfsf] bz{g / k/dfTdfsf] emns ldNg yfN5 . dgsf]
7'nf] lx:;fn] h] eG5 xfdL ToxL u5f}{+ t/ Ps efu dg hlxn] klg ljkIfdf /xG5 / cfˆgf] sfo{
;DkGg u/fpg ;dosf] k|tLIff ul//xG5 . dg lbge/ s}of“}+k6s cfˆgf] ljrf/ kl/jt{g ul//xG5,
k5'tfpF5 / dgn] k'gM To;/L g} cfˆgf] sfd ;~rfng u5{ . xfd|f] l;Ëf] hLjgnfO{ dgn] o;/L g}
;~rfng ul//xG5 . dgn] s'g} klg lg0f{o k"0f{ ¿kdf ln+Fb}g .
>Ls[i0f klxnf] s'/f lgZro ug]{ zlQm …dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 . x] ch{'g Û h'g lbg ltdL k"0f{ lgZro
ug{ ;Sg] 5f} Tof] lbg ltdLn] dnfO{ …dÚ sf] x'F / s;sf] s'/f ub}{ 5' eg]/ hfGg] 5f} . ha;Dd ltdL

nf]suLtf– 414
 cWofo–!)
k"0f{ lgZro ug{ ;Sb}gf}, ta;Dd ltdLn] dnfO{ lrGg ;Sb}gf} . xfdLn] slxNo} k"0f{ lgZro ug{
;s]sf 5}gf}+“ . h'g dgn] xfdL lgZro u5f}{,+ Tof] dgsf] :jefj g} sDkg xf] . To;}n] ha xfdL s'g}
lg0f{o u5f}{+, Tof] k"0f{ ¿kdf ;DkGg ub}{gf}+, kZrfQfk u5f}{ / km]l/ ToxL dgsf] OR5fg';f/ g} rNg
yfN5f}+“ . k"0f{ lgZro ta x'G5, ha s'g} JolQm dgeGbf dfly p7\g yfN5 . ;d:t Wofgsf
k|lqmofx¿ dgeGbf dfly p7\g] ljlw x'g\ . dgsf] cy{ ljrlnt r]tgf xf] / Wofgsf] cy{ dgsf] d[To'
/ cljrlnt r]tgf xf] . Ps If0fsf nflu klg leq ;d/;tf cfof] eg] JolQm lgZrodf k|fKt x'G5
/ tTIf0f k/dfTdfdf pknAw x'G5 . lgZro eg]sf] o:tf] cj:yf xf], hxfF dg /xFb}g . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– lgZrodf / tŒj1fgdf …dÚ x'G5' .
tŒj1fgsf] cy{ bz{gzf:q (Philosophy) xf]Og . klZrddf ljrf/sf] wf/0ff ljsl;t ePsf]
5 h;nfO{ bz{gzf:q elgG5 t/ lxGb"x¿n] k"j{df tŒj1fgsf] ljsf; u/]sf 5g\ . tŒj1fg
bz{gzf:q xf]Og . bz{gzf:qsf] cy{ lrGtg / ljrf/ xf] eg] tŒj1fgsf] cy{ bz{g, ;fIffTsf/,
cg'e"lt / hfGg' xf] . lxGb"x¿ hfGg' jf tŒj1fg k|fKt ug{'df hf]8 lbG5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;f]Rg'
…dÚ xf]Og hfGg' …dÚ x'F . ljrf/ zAbsf] ;ª\u|x xf] / o;af6 k/dfTdfsf] s'g} cg'ej x'Fb}g . zAbaf6
hlt;'s} k/dfTdf eg]/ /6] klg sxLF k'lu+Fb}g . tyfslyt wfld{s JolQmnfO{ /6]/ k/dfTdfdf k'luG5
eGg] e|d x'g ;S5g\ . o:tf JolQmx¿ zAbsf wgL / zf:qsf 1ftf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] l;4fGt /
:d[lt /fd|f] x'G5 / ToxL :d[lt bf]xf]¥ofpFb} pgLx¿ k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGb5g\ eGg] e|ddf x'G5g\ .
pgLx¿ cfˆgf zAb ;'Gbf ;'Gbf cfTd;\Ddf]lxt x'G5g\ . hfGg'sf] ;DaGw zAb / a'l4eGbf klg df}g,
lgMzAb, z"Go / zfGt cj:yfsf] ;fy} k"/f cl:tTj;Fu x'G5 .
ha sf]xL k"0f{ zfGt x'G5, ta p;nfO{ tŒjsf] 1fg x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– zfGt l:yltdf
h'g 1fg / cg'e"lt x'G5 Tof] tŒj1fg …dÚ x'F . To; If0fdf JolQmnfO{ cv08sf] cg'ej x'G5 .
ha;Dd dg x'G5 xfdLnfO{ ;a} s'/f vl08t nfU5 lsgeg] dg g} v08x¿df afFl8Psf] x'G5 / ha
dg k"0f{ x'G5, ta xfdL h] hfGb5f}+“, Tof] cv08 x'G5 . >Ls[i0f cd"9tf …dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 . d"9tfsf]
cy{ o:tf] JolQm hf] hfu[t ePsf] h:tf] nfU5 t/ hfu[t geO{ lgbfPsf] h:tf] cj:yfdf x'G5 .
xfdLx¿ ;a} o:t} cj:yf cyf{t\ ;kgfdf lxFl8/x]sf 5f“}+ . xfdLx¿n] h] u/] klg xfdLleq Pp6f
;kgfsf] hfn rln/x]sf] x'G5 . ;kgf ta dfq rNg ;S5, ha leq lg›f x'G5 . xfdLn] cfFvf aGb
ug]{ lalQs} ;kgf rNg k|f/De x'G5 . cfFvf aGb ubf{ jf ;'Tbf dfq xf]Og lxF8\bf, a:bf, vfFbf cflb
;a} lqmofsnfkdf xfdL rf}la;} 306f :jKgnf]sdf x'G5f}+“ . of] ;kgfsf] cy{ xfdL ;a} lgbfPsf h:tf
5f}+“ eGg] xf] . ;kgf;Fu n8\g' o; ;+;f/df 7'nf] n8fOF xf] . xfdL ;kgfeGbf klg sdhf]/ ePsf]n]
o;nfO{ tf]8\g ;Sb}gf}+ .
d"9tfsf] cy{ d"v{tf geO{ Psk|sf/sf] lg›f xf] . To;}n] tyfslyt 1fgL, kl08t, c1fgL ;a}
d"9 x'g ;S5g\ . hf] lg›fdf rN5g\ ltgLx¿ d"9 x'g\ . xfdL lgb|fdf x'Fbf klg aflx/ lxFl8/x]sf x'G5f}“,+
To;}n] t xfdL hfu[t 5}gf}+“ . xfdL g;f]rLsg s]]xL If0f klg s'g} s'/fdf Wofg s]lG›t ug{ ;Sb}gf}+“ .
xfd|f cfFvf v'Nnf eP klg xfdL ;'t]sf x'G5f}+“ . t/ 1fgL JolQm cfFvf aGb eP klg hfu[t cj:yfdf
g} x'G5g\ . xfdLleq ljrf/, ;kgf, jf;gfsf] le8 rln/x]sf] 5 / ToxL le8sf sf/0f xfdL s]xL
b]Vb}gf“}+ / b[li6ljxLg h:tf] hLjg afFlr/x]sf 5f}+“ . xfdL cfk"mnfO{ hfu[t 5f}+ eg]/ ;f]R5fF} t/ of]
hfu/0f xf]Og d"9tf xf] . >Ls[i0f cd"9tf …dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 . cd"9tfsf] cy{ hfu/0f, hfu[t cj:yf
Pjd\ a'4Tj xf] . a'4sf] gfd l;4fy{ uf}td lyof] . ha pxfF hfUg'eof], ta pxfFsf] gfd a'4 eof] .
hfu[t uf}td a'4nfO{ ha 1fg k|fKt eof] ta tTf\If0f pxfFsf] lg›f 6'6\of] / pxfFleq s'g} a]xf];L
/x]g . To;kl5 ;'Tbf pxfFsf] z/L/ dfq ;'TYof] t/ leqaf6 pxfF hfu[t g} x'g'x'GYof] . >Ls[i0f hf]

nf]suLtf– 415
cWofo–!)
lg›fdf hfu]sf] x'G5 pxL of]uL xf] / hf] hfu]/ klg ;'lt/x]sf] x'G5 Tof] ef]uL xf] eGg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– cd"9tf / hfu?stf, lgZro ug]{ zlQm / tŒj1fg …dÚ x'F, ha sf]xL leq hfUb5 ta …dÚ
ToxfF pknAw x'G5' .
To:t} pxfF Ifdf, ;To, OlG›o bdg, dgsf] lgoGq0f, ;'v–b'v, pTklQ–k|no, eo–ceo klg
…dÚ g} x'F eGg'x'G5 . Ifdfaf6 xfdL h'g cy{ lnG5f}F, Tof] s[i0fsf] cy{ xf]Og / x'g klg ;Sb}g . s[i0f /
xfd|f] efiff Ps x'g ;Sb}g . xfd|f nflu Ifdf eGgfn] s;}n] qmf]w jf ufnL u¥of] eg] p;nfO{ Ifdf
lbg' eGg] a'lemG5 t/ s[i0fsf nflu Ifdfsf] cy{ qmf]w gcfpg' cyf{t\ qmf]wsf] cefj x'g' xf] . xfdL
leq ha qmf]w pTkGg x'G5, ta kZrfQfk / Ifdfsf] efj cfpF5 . qmf]waf6 e'n eO;Sg] x'Fbf
To;nfO{ Ifdfn] xfdL k'5\g] k|of; u5f}{+ . of] gsf/fTds Ifdf xf] / o:tf] Ifdfsf] w]/} cy{ klg 5}g .
of] xfdL ;b}j ul/ g} /xG5f}F . of] Ifdfdf k/dfTdfsf] emns kfO{+b}g cg'ej t w]/} k/sf] s'/f eof] .
s[i0fsf] Ifdfdf qmf]w g} hlGdFb}g .
Ifdfsf] cy{ lrQsf] o:tf] bzf xf] hxfF qmf]w Joy{ x'G5 cyf{t\ qmf]w g} z]if /xFb}g . xfdLnfO{
dflg;x¿n] g} qmf]w hGdfpg nufpF5g\ eGg] nfU5 t/ of] ;To xf]Og . xfdLleq qmf]w ePsfn] qmf]w
cfpg] xf] . xfdLleq /x]sf] qmf]w lgsfNg xfdL ljleGg axfgf agfpF5f}+ / rf/}lt/ qmf]w ug]{ af6f]
vf]lh/xG5f}F . qmf]w xfd|f] Pp6f cj:yf xf] . xfdLn] cfkm"nfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sof}+ eg] Ifdf klg Pp6f
cj:yf x'g ;S5 . lh;;nfO{ z"nLdf r9fpg nfUbf pxfF eGg'x'G5, x] k/dfTdf Û logLx¿nfO{ s]xL
yfxf 5}g≤ To;}n] logLx¿nfO{ Ifdf b]pm . leq Ifdf eP aflx/ klg Ifdf k|s6 x'G5 / qmf]w eP
qmf]w k|s6 x'G5 . xfdLleq h] 5 ToxL aflx/ lgl:sG5 . of] xfd|f] ;Dkbf xf] o;df c¿ sf]xL bf]ifL
5}gg\ . cfkm"nfO{ ufnL ug]{ JolQmnfO{ klg wGojfb lbg ;lsof] eg] JolQmdf Ifdfsf] zlQm k}bf x'G5
h'g ;sf/fTds xf] . xfd|f] Ifdfdf cv08sf] bz{g x'Fb}g t/ Ifdf xfd|f] :jefj ag]df / xfd|f]
s0fs0fdf z'esfdgf / dËn el/Pdf h'g Ifdf kmlnt x'G5, >Ls[i0f ToxL Ifdfsf] s'/f ub}{
x'g'x'G5 . o:tf] Ifdfefj kmlnt ePdf >Ls[i0f;Fu ;fIffTsf/ x'g] 5 .
>Ls[i0f ;To, dgsf] lgu|x / OlG›ojz ug]{ klg …dÚ g} x'F eGg'x'G5 . OlG›o jzdf ug{' eg]sf]
OlG›o;Fu n8]/ / bafP/ jzdf kfg]{ xf]Og . dgsf] lgu|x klg xfdL bafP/ ug]{ eG7fG5f}F h'g unt
wf/0ff xf] . h;n] cfˆgf] OlG›onfO{ zq'jt\ Jojxf/ u5{, To;af6 OlG›ojz x'Fb}g, of] t OlG›osf]
bdg xf] . o;/L OlG›onfO{ bdg u/]/ slxNo} jz ug{ ;lsGg a? ljlIfKttf x'g ;S5 . dgnfO{
hah{:tL jzdf Nofpg] k|of; ubf{ dg jzdf x'Fb}g a? dg emg\ lj›f]xL x'G5 . ank"j{s pkjf;
u/]sf] lbg lbge/ ef]hgsf] ofb cfpF5 . hah{:tL s'g} s'/f /f]lsof] eg] Tof] :d[ltdf uxg x'G5 /
emg\ hf]8;Fu To;sf] :d/0f x'G5 . dgsf] lgu|x hah{:tL n8fOFn] x'g ;Sb}g / of] dgnfO{ hfg]kl5
dfq x'G5 . hf] dg;Fu n8\5, Tof] slxNo} dgsf] dflns x'g ;Sb}g . dgnfO{ ;lDemP/ hfGg] JolQm
tTsfn dgsf] dflns x'G5 . dgnfO{ bdg ug]{ xf]Og o;nfO{ lrGg' / hfGg'k5{ . bafPsf] s'/f emg\
tn;Dd km}lnG5 / ljiffQm :jefj ag]/ lgl:sG5 .
jz ug{'sf] cy{ bdg xf]Og lsgeg] h;n] bdg u5{ p;nfO{ k/dfTdfsf] emns kfpg cem
sl7g x'G5 . s[i0fsf] k|of]hg ¿kfGt/0f xf] h'g 1fgaf6 ;Dej x'G5 . s'g} JolQm qmf]waf6 d'Qm x'g
rfxG5 eg] p;n] qmf]w af/] hfGg}k5{ lsgeg] qmf]w zlQm xf] . cfsfzdf lah'nL rlDsFbf klxn] s'g}
;do xfdL 8/fpFYof} / 3'F8f 6]s]/ k|fy{gf uYof{+} . cfh ToxL lah'nLn] k|sfz lbG5 . lxhf] rlDsFbf
8/ nfUg] lah'nLnfO{ afFw]/ cfh k|sfz lgsfNg ;lsPsf] 5 . To:t} qmf]w klg Tof] rlDsg] lah'nL
h:t} zlQm xf] . qmf]w gePsf] aRrf hlGdPdf pm lhpFbf] g} /xFb}g of gk'+;s x'G5 Pjd\ p;df an
klg x'Fb}g . qmf]w zlQm xf] h;sf] b'?kof]u eO/x]sf] 5 t/ Tof] zlQmsf] ;b'kof]u x'g ;S5 . ha

nf]suLtf– 416
 cWofo–!)
Tof] zlQmsf] b'?kof]u x'G5, ta hLjg gs{ aG5 . ha sf]xL ToxL zlQmsf] ;b'kof]u u5{, ta Tof]
zlQm Ifdf aG5 / IfdfzLnsf] hLjg :ju{do aG5 .
>Ls[i0f OlG›o / dgsf] lgu|x …dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 . pxfFsf] cfzo h'g 1fgLn] OlG›onfO{ hfg]/
OlGb|oeGbf dfly p7\5 / h;n] dgnfO{ lrg]/ dgeGbf dfly p7\5, p;nfO{ g} d]/f] emns ldNg
yfN5 eGg] xf] . bdg / n8fOFn] ¿kfGt/0f x'g ;Sb}g . ha qmf]w / sfdjf;gf p7\5, ta To;k|lt
Wofg lbP/ s;/L / lsg pl7/x]sf] 5 eg]/ hfGg' g} 1fg xf] t/ xfdL ha qmf]wdf x'G5f“},+ To;a]nf
xfd|f] b[li6 cfkm"df xf]Og csf]{ JolQmdf x'G5 . To;}n] qmf]w Pjd\ sfdjf;gfn] ;tfpFbf b[li6 cfkm"df
/fVg'k5{ . hh{ u'/lhPkmn] cfˆgf] cfTdsyfdf n]v]sf 5g\– ha d]/f lktf hLjgd/0fsf] bf];fFwdf
x'g'x'GYof], To;a]nf pxfFn] dnfO{ ;fgf] ;Nnfx lbg'eof] . ltdLnfO{ s;}n] qmf]w u/]df To;sf] hjfkm
rf}la; 306fkl5 dfq lbg" . a'jfsf] Tof] ;fgf] ;'emfjn] d]/f] hLjg g} kl/jlt{t eof] . rf}la; 306f
xf]Og b'O{ If0f dfq /f]lsof}+ eg] klg hjfkm cfpFb}g . leqaf6 p7\g] jf;gfnfO{ hfGg vf]Hof}F eg]
xfdL zL3| Tof] 1fgdf pknAw x'g] 5f}+“, h;af6 OlG›o jzdf x'G5 / dgsf] lgu|x ;/ntfn] kmlnt
x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;'v–b'v, hGd–d[To' / eo–ceo klg …dÚ x'F . oL tLg åGånfO{ Ps;fy
eGgfsf] k|of]hg 5 . xfdLn] k/dfTdf cfgGb xf] eGg] ;f]r]sf 5f}+“, k/dfTdf ;'v–b'v xf] eGg] klg
;f]r]sf 5}gf}+“ . k/dfTdf ;'v–b'v klg xf] eg]/ hfGof] eg] dfq JolQm ;lRrbfgGbdf k'Ug ;S5 /
k/dfgGb k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . xfdL ;'vdf t k|e'nfO{ b]Vg ;S5f}+“ t/ b'vdf b]Vg ;Sb}gf“}+ . hf] b'vdf
k|e'nfO{ b]Vb}g, pm ;dtfdf k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g . olb b'vdf k/dfTdf b]lvof] eg] xfdL b'vaf6 efUg
vf]Hb}gf}+“ lsgeg] k/dfTdf;Fu sf]xL klg 5'6\g rfxFb}g . p;sf nflu ;+;f/df s'g} b'v afFsL /xFb}g .
To:t} k/dfTdf hGd dfq geO{ d[To' klg xf] / d[To'eo dg'iosf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] eo xf] . h'g lbg
d[To'df klg k/dfTdfnfO{ b]Vg ;lsG5 To;} lbg JolQm eoaf6 d'Qm eO{ ceo x'G5 . To:t} >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– ;'v–b'v, hGd–d[To' / eo–ceo klg …dÚ g} x'F . hxfF hxfF åGå b]lvG5 Tof] b'j}df …dÚ g}
x'G5' .
clx+;f, ;dtf, ;Gtf]if, tk, bfg, sLlt{, ckoz o:tf gfgf k|sf/sf hlt klg efj
k|f0fLx¿df x'G5g\ tL …dÚ af6 g} x'G5g\ . x] ch{'g Û ;KtClif, pxfFx¿eGbf klxnfsf rf/ Clifx¿
;gs, ;gGbg, ;gftg, ;gTs'df/ cflb tyf rf}w dg'x¿ ;a} d]/f] efjdo ;ª\sNkaf6 pTkGg
ePsf x'g\ h;sf ;+;f/el/ oL ;f/f k|hfu0f 5g\ . o;sf] cy{ clxn];Dd hlt hfGg]jfnfx¿ 5g\
Pjd\ h;n] ;To / hLjgnfO{ hfg]sf 5g\ pgLx¿ klg s[i0fs} ;ª\sNk Pjd\ efj x'g\ / pgLx¿
;a} pxfFeGbf cnu xf]Ogg\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] k/d cg'ej kfpg] Clifx¿, dg' cflb ;a} d]/f]
efjsf cj:yf x'g\ . o; ;+;f/df h] hlt cg'ejsf >]i7 km"n km'N5g\ tL ;a} d]/} ;'uGwn] kl/JofKt
5g\ . ha sf]xL cfˆgf] k/dbzfdf k'U5 ta pgLx¿ …dÚdf g} k|fKt x'G5g\ t/ Tof] k/dbzfdf tL
JolQm k'U5g\, hf] åGåsf] lardf ;dtfdf pleG5g\ . o; ;+;f/df hf] 5gf]6 ub}{gg\, pgLx¿ ;a}
h'g;'s} sfndf eP klg …dÚdf g} k|fKt x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ h;n] dnfO{ cg'ej u/]sf 5g\ tL ;a} d]/f]
efjsf c+z x'g\ .
Ptf+ lje"lt+ of]u+ r dd of] j]lQ tŒjtM .
;f]˜ljsDk]g of]u]g o'Hot] gfq ;+zoM ..&..
h'g k'?if d]/f] of] P]Zjo{¿k lje"lt / of]uzlQmnfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGb5 Tof] g} lgZrn elQmof]un]
o'Qm x'G5≤ o;df s'g} ;Gb]x 5}g ..

nf]suLtf– 417
cWofo–!)
cx+ ;j{:o k|ejf] dQM ;j{+ k|jt{t] .
Olt dTjf ehGt] df+ a'wfM efj;dlGjtfM ..*..
…dÚ g} ;Dk"0f{ cfWoflTds tyf ef}lts hut\sf] pTklQsf] ;|f]t x'F . …dÚ af6 g} ;f/f hut\
k|jlt{t eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] a'em]/ >4f / elQmn] o'Qm a'l4dfg\ eQmhg dnfO{ g} lg/Gt/ eHb5g\ ..
hLjgsf] k/d /x:o Pjd\ cfwf/nfO{ g} xfdLn] O{Zj/ eg]sf xf}F . O{Zj/ zAb P]Zjo{s} d"n
¿k xf] . h'g cfofd eP klg hxfF P]Zjo{ k|s6 x'G5 ToxfF O{Zj/sf] cfef, t]h, emns k|s6 x'G5 .
ha km"n cfˆgf] k/d ;f}Gbo{df km'N5, ta Tof] k/d ;f}Gbo{sf] gfd P]Zjo{ xf] . ha s'g} Wjlgn]
;ËLtsf] cfTolGts l:yltnfO{ 5'G5, ta Tof] Wjlg P]Zjo{ xf] . ha s'g} cfFvf ;f}Gbo{sf] uxgtd
¿kdf 8'A5, ta Tof] ;f}Gbo{ klg P]Zjo{ xf] . s'g} lbzf / cfofddf, hf] clGtd ;Ldf xf], h;eGbf
dfly hfg ;lsF+b}g rfx] Tof] ;f}Gbo{, ;To / lzj g} lsg gxf];\ tL ;a} P]Zjo{ x'g\ . ha hLjg
cfˆgf] cfTolGts l:yltnfO{ 5'G5 / cfˆgf] k/d lzv/df k'U5, ta O{Zj/ lgs6td ¿kdf k|s6
x'G5 . O{Zj/ t ;a}lt/ s0fs0fdf n's]sf] 5 . O{Zj/sf k|s6 / ck|s6 b'O{ ¿k x'G5g\ . k|s6 ¿kdf
cleJoQm x'G5 / ck|s6 ¿k u'Kt ¿kdf n's]sf] x'G5 .
P]Zjo{ hLjgsf] k/d ¿ksf] cleJolQm / cflv/L ;Ldf xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h'g k'?if d]/f]
P]Zjo{ ¿k lje"ltnfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGb5, pm …dÚdf g} l:yt x'G5 . O{Zj/sf] k/d P]Zjo{¿kL lje"lt
ha k|s6 x'G5, ta xfdL p;sf] ¿knfO{ lrGb}gf“}+ . h;n] lh;;nfO{ z"nLdf r9fP pgLx¿ klg s0f
s0fdf k/dfTdf 5 eGy] t/ lh;;nfO{ pgLx¿n] lrGg ;s]gg\ . h;n] a'4nfO{ 9'Ëfn] lxsf{pg]
k|of; u/] pgLx¿n] klg pxfFnfO{ lrGg ;s]gg\ . h;n] dxfjL/sf] sfgdf lsnf 7f]s] ltgLx¿n] klg
pxfFnfO{ a'‰g ;s]gg\ . ltgLx¿n] a'4, lh;;, dxfjL/df k/dfTdfsf] Tof] ¿k b]Vg ;s]gg\ . of]
Hofb} cfZro{sf] s'/f xf] hf] k/dfTdf ;j{q 5 eG5g\ pgLx¿n] klg O{Zj/sf] k|s6 ¿knfO{ lrGg
;s]gg\ / ljk/Ltdf v8f eP . xfdL 9'Ëfsf] d"lt{nfO{ k'Hg ;S5f}+“ t/ hLljt a'4nfO{ :jLsfg{ ;Sb}gf}+“ .
xfdL d/]sf lh;;sf 7'nf–7'nf rr{ agfpF5f}“ t/ lh;;nfO{ g} glrg]/ z"nLdf r9fpF5f}+“ . lh;;df,
a'4df / dxfjL/df k/dfTdfnfO{ lrGg ta ;Dej x'G5, ha xfdL s[i0fsf] pko'{Qm sygsf] cfzo
a'‰5f“}+ .
k/Dk/faf6 dfGg' tŒjn] hfGg' xf]Og . ;'g]/ jf ;+:sf/n] dfGg' tflŒjs klxrfg xf]Og
lsgeg] Tof] klxrfg xfd|f] If0fe/df 8UdufpF5 / ;a}eGbf w]/} ToxfF 8UdufpF5 hxfF k/dfTdfsf]
P]Zjo{ k|s6 ePsf] x'G5 . ch{'gn] klg s[i0fnfO{ k/dfTdf eg]/ dfg]sf eP uLtfdf oqf] rrf{sf]
cfjZostf klg x'g] lyPg . >Ls[i0f h] eGb} x'g'x'G5 / h] x'g'x'G5, To;sf nflu klg pxfFnfO{ ts{
lbg'k/]sf] 5 . s[i0fsf] egfOnfO{ k/dfTdfsf] jrg dfGg] k|tLlt ch{'gdf ePsf] 5}g . ch{'gsf nflu
s[i0fsf oL jrgx¿ s]jn Pp6f ldqsf] ;Nnfx ePsf 5g\ . >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ hf] d]/f] k/d
P]Zjo{nfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGb5 pm lgZrn elQmof]un] o'Qm x'G5 eGg'ePsf] 5, h'g w]/} ¿kdf k|s6
x'g ;S5 lsgeg] P]Zjo{sf ;a} ¿k k/dfTdfsf g} x'g\ . hxfF >]i7td j:t' b]lvG5 ToxfF k/dfTdf
kf/bzL{ ¿kdf pkl:yt x'G5 . ha >]i7 ;ËLtsf/, lrqsf/ cfˆgf snfsf] clGtd prfOnfO{ :kz{
ub}{ x'G5g\ / ha hLjg s'g} lbzfdf cflehfTonfO{ 5F'b} x'G5, ToxLF k/dfTdf cfˆgf] ;3gtfdf k|s6
eP/ kf/bzL{ x'G5 . xfdL cfFvfn] cfsfzsf tf/f¿kL lje"ltdf klg p;nfO{ g} b]Vg ;S5f}+“ .
xfdLn] 5'›nfO{ t dfGof}+“ t/ k|s6 k/dfTdfnfO{ dfGg ;s]gf“}+ . dlGb/sf] k'hf/L dfGg ;S5f}+
t/ hLjGt P]Zjo{nfO{ hfGg ;Sb}gf}+“ . /l;og bz{lgs tyf n]vs bf]:tf]j:sL (Fyodor Dostoevsky)
n] Pp6f syf n]v]sf 5g\ . lh;; d/]sf] c7f/ ;o jif{kl5 lh;;nfO{ ofb cfof] ls …dÚ klxnf ha
k[YjLdf uPsf] lyPF Tof] ;do pko'Qm lyPg . dflg;x¿ klg tof/ lyPgg\ / dnfO{ cfb/ ug]{
nf]suLtf– 418
 cWofo–!)
JolQmx¿ klg lyPgg\ ;fy} …dÚ ToxfF PSn} k'u]sf] lyPF . To;}n] p;a]nf d]/f] b'b{zf eof] / dflg;n]
glrg]/} dnfO{ z"nLdf r9fOlbP . ca ;do pko'Qm 5 lsgeg] k[YjLsf] cfwf hldgdf O;fO{x¿sf]
cflwkTo 5 . x/]s ufpFdf d]/f rr{ / kfb/Lx¿ 5g\ . rr{df d]/f] gfddf 306L aH5 . d]/f gfddf
d}g aQLx¿ aflnG5g\ . o:t} ;f]r]/ Ps cfOtjf/sf lbg lh;; cfˆgf] hGd:yn a]yn]xd
(Bethlehem) sf] rr{df plqg'eof] . dflg;x¿ k|fy{gf k"/f u/]/ rr{af6 aflx/ lg:sF+b} lyP . pxfF
Pp6f ?vd'lg a:g'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] cfh d :jod\n] …dÚ lh;; x'F eg]/ kl/ro lbGgF≤
dflg;x¿n] dnfO{ cfkm} lrGg] 5g\ eGg] 7fGg'eof] .
klxn] Psk6s s/fP/ eg]sf] lyPF– …dÚ O{Zj/sf] k'q x'F / ltdLx¿sf nflu k/d hLjgsf]
;Gb]z lnP/ cfPsf] 5' t/ To;a]nf dnfO{ glrg]sfn] z"nLdf r9fOof] . o;k6s t ;lhn};Fu lrGg]
5g\ lsgeg] cfh 3/3/df d]/f tl:a/ 5g\ . o:t} ;f]r]/ pxfF r'krfk pleO/xg'eof] t/
dflg;x¿n] pxfFnfO{ unt 9Ën] lrg] . s;}n] eg] ls of] lh;; h:tf] pleP/ a;]sf] 5 / v'a
:jfFu /r]sf] s'zn cleg]tf h:tf] 5 . pgLx¿sf ts{ ;'g]/ lh;;n] ltdLx¿ h;sf] k"hf u/]/
cfpFb} 5f} …dÚ ToxL x'F eGg'eof] . dflg;x¿sf] le8 hDdf eof] / pgLx¿ lh;;nfO{ lh:Sofpg
nfu] . le8 Pjd\ xNnf ;'g]/ rr{sf kfb/L aflx/ cfP . h–h;n] lh;;nfO{ lh:SofpFb} lyP pgLx¿
;a}n] kfb/LnfO{ em's]/ clejfbg u/] . of] b]v]/ lh;; rlst x'g'eof] . pxfFnfO{ Pp6f e/f];f s]
lyof] eg] kfb/Ln] cjZo pxfFnfO{ lrGg] 5 t/ pN6} lh;;nfO{ b]v]/ of] s'g abdf; cfPsf] xf]≤
o;nfO{ tn sf]7fdf y'g eg]/ kfb/Ln] cfb]z lbof] / lh;;nfO{ sf]7fdf y'lgof] .
dWo/ftdf Tof] kfb/Ln] 9f]sf vf]n]/ leq k|j]z u/L lh;;sf] r/0fdf k|0ffd u¥of] / eGof]
d}n] xh'/nfO{ le8df g} lrg]sf] lyPF t/ d Toqf] le8df xh'/nfO{ lrg]sf] 5' eGg ;Sb}gy]+“ lsgeg]
xh'/ k'/fgf] pkb|Øfxf x'g'x'G5 . xfdLn] c7f/ ;o jif{df wfld{s Joj;fo l7s;Fu ;~rfng u/]sf 5f}+“
Pjd\ ;a} l7s;Fu rln/x]sf] 5 . xh'/sf] oxfF s'g} h?/t 5}g lsgeg] xfdL xh'/sf] sfd ul//x]sf
5f}+“ . xh'/ lkmtf{ cfpg'eof] eg] ;a} c:tJo:t agfpg'x'g] 5 lsgeg] xh'/ k'/fgf] c/fhs x'g'x'G5 /
k'gM ;Tosf] s'/f ug{'x'g] 5 h;n] ubf{ ;a} lgod e|i6 x'g] 5 . xfdLn] xh'/sf] sfd l7s;Fu
ul//x]sf 5f}+“ . To;}n] oxfF ca xh'/sf] s'g} cfjZostf 5}g / xh'/nfO{ olb s]xL ug{' 5 eg] xfd|f]
dfWodaf6 ug{'xf];\ lsgeg] xfdL g} xh'/ / dflg;sf] larsf dWo:y s8L xf}+“ . olb xh'/n] d]/f] s'/f
g;'gLsg u8a8 ug{'eof] eg] c7f/ ;o jif{ cufl8sf] Oltxf; bf]xf]¥ofpg'kg]{ x'G5 . xh'/sf] d"lt{sf]
xfdL k"hf ug{ ;S5f}+ Pjd\ Tof] qm;nfO{ 3fF6Ldf em'G8\ofpg ;S5f}“ / xh'/sf nflu 7'nf] rr{ agfpg
;S5f}“ ;fy} xh'/sf] u'0fufg ug{ ;S5f}“ t/ lsdfy{ xh'/nfO{ :jLsfg{ ;Sb}gf}“ .
ha O{Zj/ cfˆgf] k/d P]Zjo{df k|s6 x'G5, ta p;sf] pkl:ylt xfdLnfO{ :jLsfo{ x'Fb}g
lsgeg] xfd|f] 5'› cxª\sf/nfO{ kL8f x'G5 . xfdL d/]sf] O{Zj/nfO{ k'Hg ;S5f}“ t/ hLljt O{Zj/nfO{
lrGg ;Sb}gf}“ . s[i0fsf] o; sygcg';f/ P]Zjo{nfO{ lrGg k|of; ubf{ olb p;sf] s]xL cfef ldNof]
eg] To;eGbf dflysf] c¿knfO{ vf]Hg] k|of; ug{'k5{ . kbfy{df klg P]Zjo{sf] emns kfpg ;lsG5 .
km"n klg kbfy{ g} xf] t/ ha km"n km'N5, ta p;df kbfy{eGbf aflx/sf] ;f}Gbo{ k|s6 x'G5 . To:t}
jL0ff klg kbfy{ g} xf] t/ ha sf]xL ulx/f] k|f0faf6 p;nfO{ 5'G5 clg To;af6 h'g dw'/ :j/
5lNsG5, Tof] klg p;s} :j/ xf] . hxfF klg s'g} >]i7tf k|s6 eP/ cflehfTonfO{ 5'G5, ToxLF p;sf]
emns ldNb5 .
xfdL dfly cfFvf p7fpg tof/ g} 5}gf}“ / xfd|f cfFvf hldgdf g} ufl8Psf 5g\ . 5'›nfO{
b]v]/ xfdL Hofb} k|;Gg x'G5f}F / >]i7nfO{ b]v]/ a]r}g x'G5f}“ . >]i7tfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ xfdLnfO{ Hofb}
sl7g x'G5 t/ sf]xL lgs[i6 5 eGof] eg] xfdL tTsfn ga'emLsg ;dy{g u5f}{+ . g/fd|f s'/f ;'Gbf d

nf]suLtf– 419
cWofo–!)
dfq xf]Og ;f/f dflg; g/fd|f 5g\ eGg] 7fg]/ xfdLnfO{ ;fGTjgf k|fKt x'G5 . cvaf/sf kfgfdf rf]/,
xTof/f, e|i6nfO{ vf]h]/ ltgLx¿sf af/]df ;dfrf/ n]Vg'k5{ clg dfq dflg;x¿ k9\gdf cfgGb
dfG5g\ . cvaf/df k|d'vtfsf ;fy /fhgLlts JolQmx¿sf af/]df va/ n]lvg' klg /fhgLltdf
cTolws JolQm e|i6 / unt k|j[lQsf ePsfn] g} xf] . b'O{ JolQmlar emu8f jf s'6lk6 x'Fbf olb
s;}n] emu8f 5'6\6\ofOlbof] eg] Tof] s'6lk6 x]g{df k|fKt x'g] pQ]hgf / /; aGb x'g] eof] eg]/ xfdL
b'vL x'G5f}“ . xfdL gsf/fTds s'/fdf /; kfpF5f}“ t/ ;sf/fTds s'/f ;'Gbf xfdL b'vL x'G5f}“ . hf]
/fd|f] of enfOnfO{ lrGg c;dy{ x'G5 To;n] k/dfTdfnfO{ lrGg ;Sb}g . To;}n] hxfF >]i7 b]lvG5
To;nfO{ /;sf ;fy x]g{ ;lsof] eg] k/dfTdflt/sf] b[li6 Ps sbd cl3 a9\5 . k/d P]Zjo{nfO{
b]Vg ;s] dfq cufl8sf] ult x'g ;S5 .
of]uzlQm eg]sf] dflg;nfO{ k/dfTdf;Fu hf]8\g' xf] . k/dfTdfsf] of]uzlQm l7s ljk/Lt x'G5
h;af6 k/dfTdfsf] lj/f6tf 5'›;Fu hf]l8G5 . sla/n] eg]sf 5g\– d]/f] yf]kf ;fu/df v:of],
To;nfO{ d sxfF vf]h"F, æx]/t x]/t x] ;lv /xof] sla/ x]/fO{ a'Fb ;dfgL ;d'› d] ;f]st x]l/hfO{Æ Tof]
vf]Hbf vf]Hb} sla/ cfkm}“ x/fP . sla/ cem} eG5g\– ;fu/ g} yf]kfdf em/]/ x/fof] ca d yf]kfnfO{
s;/L kfpg ;S5'– æx]/t x]/t x] ;lv /xof] sla/ x]/fO{ ;d'› ;dfgf aF'b d] ;f]st x]l/hfO{ .Æ yf]kf
;fu/df emg{ ;S5 Tof] xfd|f] of]uzf:q xf] t/ ha ;fu/ yf]kfdf em5{, Tof] eujfg\\sf] of]uzlQm xf] .
ldng b'O{sf] x'G5≤ To;}n] ofqf klg b'O{lt/af6 x'G5 . Pp6f ofqf JolQm k/dfTdflt/ u5{ eg] csf]{
ofqf k/dfTdf JolQmlt/ u5{ . xfdL ha Ps sbd k/dfTdflt/ a9fpF5f}“, ta k/dfTdf klg Ps
sbd xfdLlt/ a9fpF5 . k/d;Fu ldngsf nflu xfdL dfq cft'/ 5}gf}“, k/d klg xfdL;Fu ldNg
TolQs} cft'/ x'G5 . ToxL g} hLjgsf] /; Pjd\ cfgGb xf] . of] PstkmL{ geP/ b'O{lt/af6 k|jflxt
k|]dsf] wf/f xf] . k/dfTdfsf] xfdL;Fu ldNg] zlQmnfO{ >Ls[i0f d]/f] of]uzlQm eGg'x'G5 .
k/dfTdfsf] t[i0ff xfdLdf ta hfU5, ha p;sf] k'sf/ cfpF5 gq c1fgLn] k/dfTdfnfO{
vf]Hg g} ;Sb}g . olb k/d lj/f6\ pmhf{n] of] vf]hdf ;fy glbg] xf] eg] vf]h g} ;Dej x'Fb}g .
To;}n] wd{ JolQmaf6 k/dfTdflt/sf] vf]hsf] gfd dfq xf]Og k/dfTdfaf6 JolQmlt/sf] vf]hsf] klg
gfd xf] . oL b'j}sf] ldng / cflnËgsf] ;DaGw g} wd{ xf] . k/dfTdf klg xfdLnfO{ vf]lh/x]sf] 5
eGg] s'/f tŒjk"j{s hfGg'k5{ . lj/f6\n] k'sf/ ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] hfg]df JolQmsf] zlQm, ;fdYo{ Pjd\
;fx; xhf/f}F u'0ff a9\5 clg ofqf Hofb} ;'ud x'G5 . lj/f6\ klg dnfO{ vf]Hb} 5 eGg] s'/f tŒjk"j{s
hfg]df dfq ldng lglZrt x'G5 gq cfˆgf] PSnf] zlQm / ;fdYo{n] p;nfO{ vf]Hg} ;lsGg . t/ pm
klg cfkm"nfO{ vf]lh/x]sf] 5 eGg] hfg]df hlt;'s} p;nfO{ e'n] klg ldng eP/} g} 5f8\5 .
k/dfTdfsf] xfdL;Fu ldNg] zlQm g} p;sf] of]uzlQm xf] . k/dfTdf;Fu h'g lbg xfd|f] ldng
x'G5, ta xfdLnfO{ ldng ePsf] yfxf x'G5 t/ k/dfTdfsf] t xfdL;Fu lg/Gt/ ldng eO/x]s} 5
lsgeg] pm xfd|f rf/}lt/ df}h'b 5 . xfd|f] Zjf;–k|Zjf;df pm df}h'b 5 t/ xfdL p;df df}h'b
5}gf}“ . k/dfTdfsf nflu xfdL p;leq g} 5f}+ t/ pm xfdLleq 5}g . o;sf] cy{ pm xfdLleq ePsf]
xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g eGg] xf] . s[i0fsf] cy{ h'g k'?if d]/f] of]uzlQmnfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGb5, pm
lglZrGt x'G5 eGg] xf] . d k/dfTdfdf :yflkt g} 5' Pjd\ p;;Fu ldn]s} 5', p;sf] xft d]/f] xftdf
5, d]/f] Åbosf] w8\sg klg p;sf] g} Åbosf] w8\sg xf] eGg] h;n] a'‰5, To;n] g} s[i0fsf]
of]uzlQmnfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGb5 . s[i0fn] tŒjaf/] eGg'ePsf s'/f ;'g]/ geO{ cg'ejaf6 hfGg'k5{ .
tŒjk"j{s hfGg' eg]sf] cg'ej u/L cfTd1fg k|fKt ug{' xf] .
;g\ !*%& df la|l6; cª\u|]hsf] 5fpgLdf Pp6f df}g ;GGof;LnfO{ 5ftLdf efnf /f]k]/ xTof
ul/Psf] lyof] . pm dgaf6 g} uLt u'gu'gfpFb} lxFl8/x]sf] lyof] . cª\u|]h l;kfxLn] p;nfO{ hf;';

nf]suLtf– 420
 cWofo–!)
h:tf] nfu]/ klqmP / p;sf] kl/ro dfu] t/ Tof] gUg df}g ;GGof;L d':s'/fO dfq /Xof] . p;n]
hLjgdf Psk6s dfq af]N5' eg]/ k|lt1f u/]sf] lyof] . cª\u|]hn] hf;'; 7fg]/ p;sf] 5ftLdf efnf
/f]lklbP . Tof] ;GGof;Lsf] Psk6s af]Ng] ;ª\sNk d[To'sf a]nf af]N5' eGg] lyof] . pm tŒjj]Qf
ePsfn] pklgifb\sf] dxfjfSo …tŒjdl; Û Zj]ts]t'Ú egL af]Nof] . p;n] Tof] efnf 3f]Kg] cª\u|]hnfO{
eGof]– ltdL klg ToxL k/dfTdf xf} Zj]ts]t' Û d[To'sf] If0fdf klg k/dfTdfnfO{ b]Vg] Ifdtf
tŒj1fgaf6 cfpF5 ljZjf;n] cfpFb}g≤ dfGgfn] cfpFb}g hfGgfn] dfq cfpg ;S5 .
O{Zj/;DaGwL Pp6f wf/0ff xfdL a'l4ut ¿kdf hfGb5f}“ t/ To;sf] 7'nf] d"No x'Fb}g . csf]{
O{Zj/sf] k|tLlt xfdL ;+j]bgfn] hfGb5f}“ . h:t} z/L/df xfjfsf] :kz{ x'Fbf o:tf] nfU5 ls pxL
5f]O/x]sf] 5, ;"o{sf] ls/0fsf] :kz{ x'Fbf nfU5 ls pxL k|sflzt eP/ :kz{ ul//x]sf] 5, km"n km'Nbf
nfU5 ls ;'uGw p;sf] g} xf] / s'g} ;'Gb/ cg'xf/ b]Vbf nfU5 ls ;f}Gbo{ p;}sf] xf] . z/L/sf /f}“/f}“af6
x/kn h'g ;+j]bgf x'G5 ;a} ;+j]bgfx¿df p;}sf] ;Gb]z k|tLt x'G5 . o:tf] ePdf hLjgdf k|To]s
åf/x¿af6 p;}sf] va/ dfq cfpg yfN5 / leq Pp6f tŒj ;ª\u|lxt x'G5 . o;k|sf/ hfGg'nfO{ g}
>Ls[i0f tŒj1fgk"j{s hfGg' eGg'x'G5 .
;+j]bgf afn'jfsf] s0f, j[Ifsf] kft, km"n, JolQmsf] xft, dflg;sf] cfFvf cflbdf klg x'G5 .
hLjgdf hxfFaf6 ;+j]lbt x'g ;lsG5 tL ;a} ;+j]bgfx¿ ;ª\u|lxt u/]df of] :kz{af6 cfkm"leq Pp6f
s]G› lgdf{0f x'G5 / ToxL s]G›n] k/dfTdfsf] of]uzlQmnfO{ hfGg ;S5 . Pp6f gbLk|lt klg
;+j]bgfsf] åf/ vf]n]/ p;sf] ;+j]bgzLntfnfO{ cg'ej ug{ yfn]kl5 gbLaf6 klg k/dfTdfsf] k|tLlt
x'g yfN5 . Clifd'lgx¿n] uËf h:tf] gbLnfO{ k/dfTdf eGgfsf] sf/0f oxL xf] . h;n]
;+j]bgzLntfsf] åf/ v'Nnf /fV5, p;nfO{ k/dfTdf e]6\g cft'/ ePsf] k|tLlt x'G5 t/ a'l4n] of]
yfxf kfpg ;Sb}g . a'l4 cf+lzs / af;L 36gf xf] eg] ;+j]bgf tfhf / k"/f 36gf xf] . a'l4 t
pwf/f] klg kfOG5 t/ ;+j]bgf pwf/f] kfOFb}g . cfˆgf] cg'ejaf6 dfq hfGg ;lsG5, c¿sf]
cg'ejaf6 hfGg ;ls+Fb}g .
xfd|f] ;+j]bgf x/fpFb} uPsf sf/0fn] xfdL k/dfTdfn] rf/}lt/af6 cfˆgf] xft xfdLlt/
a9fPsf] b]Vg jf dx;'; ug{ ;Sb}gf}F . k/dfTdf;Fusf] ldngsf] ;Defjgf hxfF hxfF 5, To;nfO{
hfg]kl5 dfq k/dfTdfsf] of]uzlQmsf af/]df hfGg ;lsG5 . wfld{s JolQmn] rf/}lt/af6 cfkm"nfO{
vf]lnlbG5 / ljifdf klg cd[t vf]Hg] r]i6f u5{ . olb xfd|f] ;+j]bgzLntf k|uf9 5 eg] k/dfTdfdf
xfdL sxLFaf6 klg k|j]z ug{ ;S5f}F / k/dfTdfnfO{ klg k|j]z ug{ åf/ lbg ;S5f}F . k/dfTdfsf]
P]Zjo{ lje"lt ljgd| efjn] hfGg ;s]df k/dfTdfsf] of]uzlQmsf] k|tLlt xfdLnfO{ x'g ;S5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– o:tf] ePdf Tof] k'?if lgZrn Wofgof]uåf/f …dÚdf g} Ps} efjn] l:yt x'G5 o;df s'g}
;+zo 5}g . lgZrn Wofgof]uåf/f dflg;sf] k/dfTdflt/ hfg] pkqmd bf}8sf] geP/ 7x/fpsf] x'G5
t/ ;+;f/lt/sf] vf]h eg] bf}8sf] x'G5 / ;+;f/df hf] bf}8]/ vf]H5 Tof] ;kmn x'G5 . of] bf}8n]
aflx/sf] vf]h t k"/f x'g ;S5 t/ leq rflxF ljlIfKttf dfq k|fKt x'G5 .
k/dfTdflt/ hfg] dfu{ ;+;f/eGbf l7s ljk/Lt x'G5 . k/dfTdf kfpgsf nflu zfGt eP/
pleg] JolQm dfq ;kmn x'G5 . ha xfdL bf}l8G5f}“, To;eGbf klxn] xfd|f] dg bf}8]/ ToxfF k'lu;s]sf]
x'G5 / dg k'u]sf] 7fpFdf xfdL k'Ug'kg]{ x'G5 . dgn] nIo klxn] g} kfO;S5 clg z/L/ p;sf k5fl8
hfG5 . Pp6f nIo k"/f x'g gkfpFb} dg csf]{ nIo agfP/ ToxfF k'lu;S5 . t;y{ dgn] xfdLnfO{
slxNo} l:y/ x'g lb+Fb}g . dg bf}l8G5, To;}n] xfdL bf}l8G5f}“ / ha dg /f]lsG5, ta xfdL cl8G5f}“ .
k/dfTdfdf hfg] JolQmn] ;+;f/sf] l7s pN6f] pkqmd ;dft]/ /f]lsg'k5{ . lgZrn Wofgof]usf] cy{
dgsf] o:tf] cj:yf xf] hxfF s'g} bf}8, eljio / nIo x'Fb}g . dgsf] o:tf] cj:yf hxfF dg cufl8

nf]suLtf– 421
cWofo–!)
guO{ oxL jt{dfgdf x'G5, o:tf] cj:yf g} lgZrn Wofg of]u xf] . ha;Dd lrQ bf}l8G5, p;n]
k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;Sb}g . k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg] lrGtf klg TofUg'k5{ lsgeg] of] klg jf;gf xf] h'g
p;nfO{ kfpgsf lglDt afwf x'G5 . wg, oz a]r}gLsf ;fy kfpg ;lsG5 t/ k/dfTdf a]r}gLsf
;fy kfpg ;lsGg lsgeg] k/dfTdf s]jn lglZrttfdf dfq kfOG5 . ;a} zfGt / df}g ePdf
k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg ;Dej x'G5 .
lgZrn Wofgof]usf] cy{ bf}8 TofUg' xf] . dfnf hKg' Pjd\ dGqf]Rrf/0f ug{' Wofg xf]Og .
Wofgsf] cy{ g} lgZrn x'g' xf] . dg lans'n gbf}l8g' / dgnfO{ /f]Sg' g} Wofg xf] . >Ls[i0f o:tf]
cj:yfdf x'g] JolQm lgZrn Wofgof]uåf/f …dÚdf g} l:yt x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . lgZrn Wofg kmlnt x'g]
lalQs} JolQm Ps} efjn] …dÚdf l:yt x'G5 / p;df / …dÚdf s'g} e]b x'Fb}g . o;sf] cy{ xfd|f] /
k/dfTdfsf larsf] b"/Lsf] sf/0f g} dg bf}l8g' xf] . o;sf] cfzo /f]lsg' g} ToxfF k'Ug' xf] Pjd\ ToxL
wfd xf] . JolQm zfGt eP/ l:y/ x'g]lalQs} crfgs åf/ v'N5 / To; cj:yfdf g} k/dfTdf;Fu Ps
eOG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o;df s'g} ;+zo 5}g . s[i0fnfO{ uLtfdf s}of}+k6s o;df s'g} ;Gb]x 5}g
eGg'k/]sf] 5 . ch{'gsf] cfFvfdf ;+zosf] efj b]v]/ >Ls[i0fn] af/Daf/ o:tf] eGg'k/]sf] xf] t/ ha
dg ;+zo/lxt x'G5 ta tTIf0f k/dfTdf;Fu Ps x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f …dÚ g} ;+;f/sf] pTklQsf] sf/0f x'F / …dÚ af6 g} ;f/f ;+;f/ r]i6f u5{ eGg'x'G5 .
o;k|sf/ tŒj1fgk"j{s hfg]/ >4f / elQmn] o'Qm ePsf] a'l4dfg\ k'?if …dÚ k/d]Zj/nfO{ g} lg/Gt/
eH5g\ . >Ls[i0f …dÚ g} ;f/f cl:tTjsf] sf/0f x'F / …dÚ g} ult x'F eGg'x'G5 . æ/fd /fd, xl/ xl/Æ
ug{' eHg' xf]Og . o;df lg/Gt/ zAb cd"No 5 . olb xfdLn] /fd /fd eGof}“ eg] klg ehg lg/Gt/
x'Fb}g lsgeg] b'O{ /fdsf lardf Ps ;fgf] If0f /fdljgf g} 5'6\5, To;}n] of] lg/Gt/ ehg xf]Og .
lg/Gt/ ehgsf] cy{ s]jn zAbaf6 xf]Og, efjaf6 eHg' xf] lsgeg] efjdf s'g} cGt/ x'Fb}g .
zAbdf cGt/fn h?/L x'G5 cGoyf zAbx¿ g} k/:k/df 7f]lsG5g\ . efj dfq cljlR5Gg x'G5 .
sla/n] k/dfTdfsf] :d/0f cljlR5Gg / ;tt xf];\ eGg'ePsf] 5 . h:tf] ls gbLaf6 u|fdL0f
jw"x¿ ha ufu|fdf kfgL e/]/ 3/ kmls{G5g\, ta pgLx¿ cfk;df s'/fsfgL klg u5{g\ / uLt klg
ufpF5g\ t/ lz/df ePsf] kfgLsf] ufu|fdfly pgLx¿sf] ;tt :d/0f eO/x]sf] x'G5 . ufu|f] xftn]
g;dftLsg lxFl8/x]sf x'G5g\ t/ pgLx¿sf] :d/0f zAb/lxt x'G5 . efjn] pgLx¿ :d/0f ul//x]sf
x'G5g\ . efjsf] cy{ zAb/lxt af]w xf] . Pp6L cfdf aRrf clnslt xnrn ug]{lalQs} tTsfn
pl7xflN5g\ . cfdfsf] zAb/lxt :d/0f hf] /flt lg›fdf klg df}h'b /xG5 ToxL k|tLltnfO{ g}
>Ls[i0fn] lg/Gt/ ehg eGg'ePsf] xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– >4f / elQmn] o'Qm eP/ a'l4dfg\hg …dÚ
k/dfTdfnfO{ lg/Gt/ eH5g\ . lg/Gt/ eH5g\ eGg'sf] cy{ lg/Gt/ d]/f] efjdf /xG5g\ eGg' xf] .
lgZrn Wofgåf/f k/dfTdf;Fu Pstfsf] k|tLltnfO{ ;tt agfpg efjaf6 dfq ;Dej x'G5 . Zjf;
rNg'eGbf klg lg/Gt/ :d/0f /xg] ;tt :d/0f g} elQm xf] Pjd\ ;tt efjsf] bzfsf] gfd g} ehg
xf] .
dlRrQf db\utk|f0ff af]woGtM k/:k/d\ .
syoGtZr df+ lgTo+ t'iolGt r /dlGt r ..(..
lg/Gt/ …dÚ df dg nufpg] / …dÚdf g} k|f0f ck{0f ug]{ d]/f eQmx¿ d]/f] elQmsf af/]df g}
lrGtg / rrf{åf/f k/:k/df d]/f] k|efjnfO{ a'em]/ tyf u'0f / k|efj;lxt d]/f] rrf{ kl/rrf{ u/]/
lg/Gt/ k/d;Gtf]if lnF+b} …dÚ jf;'b]jdf g} lg/Gt/ /dfpF5g\ ..

nf]suLtf– 422
 cWofo–!)
t]iff+ ;tto'Qmfgf+ ehtf+ k|Lltk"j{sd\ .
bbfld a'l4of]u+ t+ o]g dfd'koflGt t] ..!)..
lg/Gt/ k|]dk"j{s d]/f] ehg ug]{ eQmx¿nfO{ d a'l4of]u -;dTjof]u_ k|bfg ub{5' h'g a'l4sf
;xfotfn] ltgLx¿ …dÚdf g} k|fKt x'G5g\ ..
t]iffd]jfg'sDkfy{dxd1fgh+ tdM .
gfzofDofTdefj:yf] 1fgbLk]g ef:jtf ..!!..
ltgLx¿nfO{ ljz]if s[kf ug{sf nflu ltgs} cGt:s/0fdf /x]/ …dÚ :jod\ g} pgLx¿sf]
c1fg¿kL cGwsf/nfO{ k|sfzdo tŒj 1fg¿kL bLkåf/f gi6 ub{5' ..
dgsf b'O{ cj:yfx¿ Pp6f bf}l8g] / csf]{ l:y/ dg x'G5 . bf}l8g] dg sxLF klg l:y/ x'Fb}g,
;bf eljiosf] sNkgfdf x'G5 t/ eljiosf] s'g} cl:tTj x'Fb}g . cl:tTj s]jn jt{dfgsf] / oxL
If0fsf] x'G5 . hfGgdf klg hlt ;do nfU5 Tolt ;dodf jt{dfg u'lh|;S5 . xfd|f] xftdf s]jn
Ps If0f dfq 5 t/ dg ;b}j jf;gfdf / eljiodf x'G5 . jt{dfgdf dg bf}l8g ;Sb}g lsgeg]
ToxfF bf}l8g] 7fpF g} x'Fb}g . jf;gfsf nflu cgGt lj:tf/ rflxG5 / jt{dfgsf] If0f Psbd ;fgf]
x'G5 . of] bf}l8g] dg g} xfd|f] /f]u xf] . O{Zj/nfO{ gdfGg' cwfld{stf xf]Og . a'4, dxfjL/ klg
O{Zj/nfO{ dfGb}gg\ t/ pgLx¿ wfld{s 5g\ . l:y/ dg geO{ r~rn dg x'g] JolQm cwfld{s xf] eg]
z"Go / l:y/ dg x'g] JolQm wfld{s xf] . hxfF dg z"Go x'G5 ToxfF k/d ;Qf;Fu ;fIffTsf/ x'G5 .
oxL cj:yfnfO{ s;}n] k"0f{, s;}n] z"Go, s;}n] cfTdfsf] k|flKt t s;}n] O{Zj/;Fu ldng x'g' eg]sf
5g\ .
of] dgnfO{ l:y/ ug{sf nflu cl3Nnf] ;"qdf >Ls[i0fn] lgZrn Wofgof]udf hf] pknAw x'G5
pm Ps} efjn] …dÚdf l:y/ x'G5 eGg' ePsf] 5 . dgnfO{ l:y/ ug{ cg]sf}“ dfu{ / ljlwx¿ 5g\ .
Wofg eg]sf] dgnfO{ tf]8\g' jf dgaf6 kf/ x'g' xf] . Wofgsf] Pp6f ;fgf] k|lqmofaf6 xfdL dgeGbf
dfly x'g ;S5f}“ . aRrf cfdfsf] sf]vdf h'g cj:yfdf x'G5 Tof] cf;gdf aRrfdf cToGt Go"gtd
dg x'G5 Pjd\ p;sf] r]tgf / dl:tis ljsl;t eO;s]sf] x'Fb}g . cfdfsf] k]6df aRrfsf] cfˆgf]
Åbo w8\lsF+b}g / gf} dlxgf;Dd Åbosf] w8\sg;Fu hLjgsf] ;DaGw klg x'Fb}g lsgeg] aRrf gf}
dlxgf cfˆg} Åbo gw8\sfO{sg afFr]sf] x'G5 . xfd|f] r]tgf ha dgdf s]lG›t x'G5, ta lz/ s]G›
x'G5 / ha k|]d efjdf s]lG›t x'G5, ta Åbo s]G› x'G5 t/ aRrfsf] dl:tis w]/}kl5 dfq ljsl;t
x'G5 / Åbo klg gf} dlxgfkl5 dfq wl8\sG5 . To;eGbf klxn] aRrf gflesf] d2taf6 cfdf;Fu
hf]l8Psf] x'G5 / hLjgsf] klxnf] cg'ej p;nfO{ gfleaf6 x'G5 . h;nfO{ dgaf6 kf/ x'g' 5
pgLx¿nfO{ dl:tis / Åbodf xf]Og r]tgf gfO6f]df s]lG›t ug{'kb{5 . gfO6f]df r]tgfnfO{ s]lG›t
u¥of] eg] dg l:y/ x'G5 . ;"kmL kmls/x¿n] k|fy{gf u/] h:t} jf d';ndfgx¿n] gdfh k9] h:tf]
cfˆgf 3'F8f df]8]/ a;]sf] cj:yf jf aRrf cfdfsf] k]6df x'Fbf /x]sf] cj:yfaf6 dg zfGt x'g
;S5 . zfGt x'gsf nflu of] cToGt ;/n dfu{ xf] . ue{df aRrf a;] h:tf] xfd|f] cf;g / Wofg
gfO6f]df eof] eg] h'g;'s} ljrf/ cfP klg ljrf/nfO{ ;fIfL efjn] x]/]/ Wofg gfO6f]df g} s]lG›t
ul//Xof}“ eg] of] Wofgsf] k|of]uaf6 leq ulx/f] lgZrntfsf] cg'ej x'g yfN5 . dg / Åbo b'j} rN5
s]jn gfle dfq rNb}g . dg / ljrf/sf ;fy} efjsf] klg bf}8 x'G5 t/ gflesf] eg] s'g} bf}8
x'Fb}g .
dg / Åbo b'j} eljiodf x'G5g\ gfle dfq jt{dfgdf x'G5 . h;n] gflesf] hlt glhs
cfˆgf] r]tgf n}hfG5 plt g} pm jt{dfgdf x'G5 / dgeGbf dfly x'G5 . h;/L aRrf cfdfsf]
gfle;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 To:t} xfdL klg c1ft;Fu xfd|f] gfO6f]af6 g} hf]l8Psf x'G5f}“ . gfO6f]sf]

nf]suLtf– 423
cWofo–!)
åf/af6 JolQmx¿nfO{ z/L/ / cfkm" cnu ePsf] cg'ej x'G5 / pgLx¿nfO{ z/L/;Fu gflen] g}
cfTdfnfO{ hf]8]sf] klg cg'ej x'G5 . klZrddf hfGg]x¿ Tof] hf]8nfO{ rfFbLsf] ;"q (Silver cord)
eGb5g\ . h;/L cfdf;Fu xfd|f] ef}lts z/L/ hf]l8Psf] x'G5 To:t} of] cl:tTj;Fu klg xfdL gfleaf6
hf]l8Psf x'G5f}“ . ha xfdL gfledf cfˆgf] r]tgfnfO{ n}hfG5f}“, ta dg lgZrn x'G5 / s[i0fn] h'g
ælgZrn Wofgof]un] …dÚdf Ps} efjdf l:yt x'G5Æ eGg'eP h:tf] 36gf 36\g ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ df lg/Gt/ dg nufpg]jfnf / d]/f] k|f0fnfO{ g} ck{0f ug]{jfnf eQmhg
;bf g} cfk;df d]/f] k|efj atfpFb} tyf d]/f] syg ub}{ ;Gt'i6 x'G5g\ / …dÚ df g} lg/Gt/ /d0f
ub{5g\ . lgZrn Wofgof]ukl5 dfq of] ;"qsf] cy{ a'‰g ;lsG5 . uLtfsf xhf/f}“ 6Lsf / JofVofx¿
5g\ / clws 6Lsfx¿ tyfslyt kl08tx¿n] u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿;Fu kof{Kt hfgsf/L t 5 t/
Wofg 5}g≤ To;}n] zAbdf w]/} ljjfb u/]/ cg]sf}“ cy{ ul/Psf] 5 . dgn] cy{ u/]kl5 cg]sf}“ cy{ x'g'
:jfefljs xf] t/ hlt w]/} dflg; Wofgdf pknAw eP klg Wofg Pp6} x'G5 . Pp6} JolQmn] uLtfsf]
$–% k6s cy{ u¥of] eg] klg uLtfsf cy{ $–% j6f x'G5g\ lsgeg] dg'iox¿ ax'lrQjfg\ 5g\ .
dg / a'l4 ulx/f] x'g} ;Sb}g ;txdf dfq x'G5 t/ Wofg ulx/f] x'G5 . hf] dgaf6 g} uLtf a'‰b5g\,
pgLx¿ uLtfsf] ;os8f}+ 6Lsf ub{5g\ t/ Wofgaf6 uLtfdf k|j]z u/]df uLtfsf] cy{ leGg x'G5 .
…dÚ df lg/Gt/ dg nufpg]jfnf eGgfn] lg/Gt/ d]/f] gfd:d/0f ug]{jfnf eGg] JofVof lgZrn
Wofgof]u ga'emLsg u/]sf] eP unt x'g] lyof] . uLtfsf clwsf+z 6Lsfsf/x¿n] lg/Gt/ …dÚdf dg
nufpg]jfnfsf] JofVof k/dfTdfsf] lg/Gt/ ehg ug]{ eg]/ u/]sf 5g\ h'g of] dg /x'Gh]n x'g}
;Sb}g .
…dÚ df lg/Gt/ dg nufpg]jfnfsf] cy{ ToxL JolQm h;df ca dg z]if /xFb}g eGg] xf] .
k/dfTdfdf dg p;}n] nufpg ;S5, h;sf] dg ;dfKt ePsf] x'G5 lsgeg] olb dg hf/L 5 eg]
Tof] ;+;f/df g} nflu /xG5 . hlt k/dfTdfsf] gfd:d/0f u/] klg dg ;+;f/d} /lx/xG5 . tyfslyt
eQmx¿ dlGb/ jf ;Tf\;ª\udf /xFbf klg pgLx¿sf] dg cGoq g} x'G5 . xfd|f] hut\;Fu h] ;DaGw 5
To;sf] hf]8 xfd|f] dg xf] . dgnfO{ xfdL k/dfTdfdf nufpg} ;Sb}gf}“ . dg /x'Gh]n dg ;+;f/df
dfq nfU5 / olb dg /x]g eg] dfq k/dfTdf;Fu ;DaGw x'g ;S5 . cfˆgf] dg x/fP/ lg/Gt/
k/dfTdfdf l:yt x'g] JolQm g} lg/Gt/ dg nufpg]jfnf xf] . hxfF dg z"Go x'G5, ToxfF k/dfTdf
:jtM g} pknAw x'G5 . h;sf] dg z"Go x'G5 To;n] k/dfTdfdf Wofg nufpg' g} kb}{g lsgeg]
p;n] Wofg hxfF nufP klg ToxfF k/dfTdf x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yf / l:yltdf /xg] JolQmnfO{ lg/Gt/
s[i0fdf dg nufpg] JolQm eGg ;lsG5 .
>Ls[i0f …dÚ df g} lg/Gt/ dg nufpg]jfnf / …dÚdf lg/Gt/ k|f0f nufpg] eQmhg eGg'x'G5
t/ dg;lxt ljrf/ u/]/ k|f0f ck{0f ug{ ;lsFb}g . dlGb/df uP/ lz/ k/dfTdfdf em'sfpg] lg0f{o
klg dgs} lg0f{o xf] t/ Wofgaf6 h'g ;dk{0f x'G5 Tof] s[To x'Fb}g . cfˆgf] k|f0f ;bf g} p;df
;dlk{t /x]sf] / cfˆgf] k|f0f p;af6 g} rln/x]sf] cg'e"lt x'g'sf ;fy} p;eGbf clnslt klg cnu
geP/ ;b}j p;df ;dlk{t ePsf] af]w x'g' g} s[i0fdf lg/Gt/ k|f0f ck{0f ug]{jfnf xf] . d p;};Fu
afFlr/x]sf] 5' / pm …dÚdf afFlr/x]sf] 5 Pjd\ d]/f] p;;Fu s'g} k[ystf 5}g eGg] cg'ej g} s[i0fdf
k|f0f ck{0f ug]{jfnf xf] . ha;Dd JolQm /xG5 ta;Dd ;dk{0f x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] ToxfF cxª\sf/
df}h'b /xG5 . xfdL ;dk{0f ug{ g;s] klg dgnfO{ tf]8\g ;S5f}“ / ha dg /f]lsG5 jf z"Go x'G5,
ta ;dk{0f cfkm“} 3l6t x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ df g} k|f0f ck{0f ug]{jfnf ;bf cfk;df d]/f]
k|efjnfO{ atfpF5g\ . o;sf] cy{ Ps–csf{df k|e' dxfg\ x'g'x'G5 eg]/ pxfFsf] u'0fufg ug{' xf]Og .
hf] Ps} efjdf pknAw x'G5 p;n] ug]{ k|To]s s'/faf6 k/dfTdfsf] va/ u'lGhG5 . p;sf] a;fO,

nf]suLtf– 424
 cWofo–!)
lxF8fO / k|To]s sd{ k/dfTdfsf] h:t} x'G5 . p;sf] k|To]s cfr/0f / s[Todf k/dfTdfsf] g} u'0fufg
emlNsG5 .
k/dfTdfsf] u'0fufg Ps csf{;Fu u/]/ k/dfTdfnfO{ :d/0f ug{ ;lsFb}g . dflg;x¿
eujfg\\sf] gfd:d/0f / u'0fufg dfOssf dfWodaf6 ;f/f JolQmx¿nfO{ ;'gfpg] u/L hf]8n] ub{5g\ .
pgLx¿nfO{ k|e'sf] gfd ;'gfof] eg] ;a}nfO{ nfe x'G5 eGg] nfU5 t/ o;/L xNnf u/]/ ;a}nfO{
;'gfpg' pko'Qm xf]Og . of] k'0o xf]Og kfk xf] lsgeg] csf{sf] lg›fdf afwf k'¥ofpg] / zflGt eË
ug]{ sfd k|e':d/0f / u'0fufg xf]Og . pgLx¿sf] xNnfn] la:tf/} dflg;x¿nfO{ eujfg\sf] gfdk|lt g}
3[0ff p7\g ;S5 . s;}n] hah{:tL eujfg\sf] gfd:d/0f u/fpg ;Sb}g . t/ ha sf]xL eujfg\df g}
afFR5 eg] p;sf] p7fO, a:ffO, lxF8fO, af]nfO, df}gtfdf, p;sf] efjelËdf / p;sf d'›fx¿df
;a}lt/ eujfg\sf] :t'lt k|f/De x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d]/f] j0f{g ub}{ hf] sf]xL ;Gt'i6 x'G5g\, tL
eQmx¿ a'l4of]usf] ;xfotfn] …dÚdf g} k|fKt x'G5g\ . xfdL O{Zj/sf] syg u/]/ ;Gt'i6 x'Fb}gf}“ .
xfdLn] eg]sf] s'/f;Fu csf]{ JolQm ;xdt eof] eg] dfq xfdL ;Gt'i6 x'G5f}“ t/ o:tf] ;Gtf]if
cxª\sf/sf] ;Gtf]if xf] . cfˆgf] ljrf/ c¿dfly yf]kg{ vf]Hg' kfk xf] . of] sygsf] cy{ cfˆgf] egfO
ank"j{s yf]k/]/ /fhL u/fpg] xf]Og . d}n] s] eg]F / csf{n] s] ;'Gof] jf ;'g]g Tof] lgik|of]hg xf] .
h;n] k|e'sf] rrf{ ug{ kfof] Tof] ;Gtf]ifsf] s'/f xf] . ;du|tfn] k|e'sf] u'0fufg x'g ;Sof] eg] Tof]
;f}efUo cfkm"n] kfpg' g} ;Gt'li6 xf] .
lxGb" wd{ kl/jt{g ug]{ wd{ xf]Og . c¿ wd{x¿ kl/jt{g u/fpg] k|of; u5{g\ t/ lxGb" wd{n]
Tof] slxn] klg cfjZos g} 7fg]g . lxGb" wd{ s;}nfO{ klg ¿kfGt/0f ug{ rfxFb}g, of] cgf}7f] /
cb\e't s'/f xf] lsgeg] dgsf] :jefj cfkm"n] h] dfGof] Tof] c¿n] klg dfg"g\ eGg] x'G5 . lxGb" wd{
ckl/jt{gLo wd{ xf] . To;}n] lxGb"x¿ c¿nfO{ lsg abNg' a? Tof]eGbf d]/f] ;'uGwn] s;}nfO{ abN5
eg] Tof] cs}{ s'/f xf] eG5g\ lsgeg] of] klg Psk|sf/sf] cfqmd0f / lx+;f xf] . olb d]/f] hLjg b]v]/
jf of] ;'uGwn] k|efljt eP/ ablnG5f} eg] l7s 5 cGoyf c¿nfO{ cfˆgf] cf:yf yf]kg{ vf]Hg' lx+;f
xf] . ;fy} s'g} JolQmnfO{ hah{:tL abNg vf]Hof} eg] klg z/L/ dfq ablng] xf], cfTdfdf s'g}
¿kfGt/0f x'Fb}g . O{Zj/sf] :t'lt cl:tTj;Fu / x'g';Fu ;DalGwt x'G5≤ t;y{ p;sf] :d/0f ug{
kfpg' g} ;Gtf]ifsf] s'/f xf] . ;Gtf]if c¿nfO{ /fhL u/fpgdf x'Fb}g lsgeg] ;Gtf]if t cfˆgf]
cleJolQmdf Pjd\ leqsf] cfGtl/s cj:yf ;'Jojl:yt x'g'df x'G5 . wd{ Pp6f cflTds efj xf] hf]
;'ulGwt ePkl5 cfkm" ;Gt'i6 eOG5 . o:tf] JolQmnfO{ k/dfTdfsf] :t'lt cfgGbsf nflu x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– pgLx¿ lg/Gt/ …dÚdf /d0f ub}{ …dÚdf 8'A5g\ . pgLx¿ …dÚ df g} 8'a'NsL
lnG5g\ . of] klg dgaf6 ;Dej x'Fb}g . lg/Gt/ d]/f] Wofgdf nfu]sf / k|]dk"j{s eHg]jfnf
eQmx¿nfO{ …dÚ Tof] tŒj1fg¿kL of]u lbG5' h;af6 pgLx¿ …dÚdf g} k|fKt x'G5g\ . x] ch{'g Û
pgLx¿nfO{ cg'u|x ug{sf lglDt g} …dÚ :jod\ pgLx¿sf] cGt:s/0fdf Ps efjn] l:yt eP/
c1fgn] pTkGg ePsf] cGwsf/nfO{ k|sfz¿k tŒj1fg¿kL bLkåf/f gi6 kfb{5' . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
h;sf] lrQbzf o:tf] lgld{t ePsf] 5, hf] k|e'df 8'a'NsL df/]/ cfglGbt x'G5 / h;sf] ;+;f/ g}
k/dfTdfdf x'G5 o:tf] k/dfTdfdo ePsf] JolQmnfO{ a'l4 pknAw x'G5 . o:tf] JolQmdf k|ltefsf]
hGd eP/ a'l4dQf k|fKt x'G5 . o;nfO{ a'4 k|1f eGg'x'G5 . a'4n] tLg zAbsf] pkof]u ug{'ePsf] 5
/ cfˆgf] lrGtgnfO{ o;}df s]lG›t ug{'ePsf] 5 . tL tLg zAb zLn, ;dflw / k|1f x'g\ . zLnsf]
cy{ xf]– h] xfdL u5f}{+, ;dflwsf] cy{ xf]– h] xfdL x'G5f}“ / k|1fsf] cy{ xf]– h] xfdLdf km'n]/ ljsl;t
x'G5 . zLnsf] cy{ xfd|f] hLjg ¿kfGt/0f x'g' xf] . ;dflwn] xfd|f] r]tgf ¿kfGtl/t x'G5 / ha b'j}
¿kfGt/0f 3l6t x'G5g\ To;a]nf h'g ;Dkbf k/dwg xfdLnfO{ ldN5 Tof] k|1f xf] .

nf]suLtf– 425
cWofo–!)
>Ls[i0fn] Tof] k/dwgnfO{ a'l4of]u eGg'ePsf] 5 . s[i0fsf cg';f/ JolQm ta a'l4dfg\ x'G5,
ha pm k/dfTdf;Fu Ps x'G5 t/ xfdL t a'l4dfg\sf] cy{ cs}{ hfGb5f}“ . h;nfO{ xfdL clxn] a'l4
eGb5f}“, Tof] s]jn tfndf ag]sf] k|ltljDa dfq xf] . xfd|f] dgsf] kf]v/Ldf clxn] h'g k|ltljDa 5
To;}nfO{ xfdL a'l4 7fGb5f}“ t/ Tof] a'l4 xf]Og, k|ltlaDa dfq xf] / k|ltljDa pN6f] x'G5 . h;nfO{
xfdL a'l4dfg\ ;DemG5f}“ Tof] k/d b[li6sf] cy{df pN6f] x'G5 . k|ltljDanfO{ a'l4 7fGg' unt xf] .
a'l4sf] csf]{ uxg ¿k klg 5 t/ To;nfO{ a'‰gsf nflu xfdL dgeGbf dfly p7\g}k5{ . ha sf]xL
Wofgdf pknAw x'G5 jf ha sf]xL k/ddf g} Wofg s]lG›t u/]/ 8'A5, ta p;nfO{ klxnf] k6s
a'l4dQfsf] cg'e"lt x'G5 .
a'l4dfg\ JolQmx¿n] ljut b'O{ ;o jif{df dflg; lzlIft eof] eg] ;a} b'v–si6 x6\5 eg]sf
lyP . cfh cd]l/sf ;a}eGbf a9L lzlIft d'n's xf] t/ ToxfFsf lzlIft JolQmx¿ ;'vL geP/ b'vL
5g\ . hxfF hlt lzIff a9]sf] 5 ToxfF plt g} b'v a9]sf] 5 / xfnsf] cj:yf x]bf{ lzlIft JolQm ;'vL
x'g} ;Sb}g h:tf] nfU5 . dflg;x¿sf] a'l4dfg\ x'g] OR5f t a9]sf] kfOG5 t/ a'l4dfg\ ePsf]
kfOFb}g, h;sf sf/0f lhGbuL a]r}gLdf 8'a]/ b'v dfq k|fKt ePsf] kfOG5 . hLjgnfO{ cfgGb k|bfg
ug]{ lbzflt/ Wofg s]lG›t ug{' a'l4dQf xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] a'l4 To;n] k|fKt u5{ hf] lg/Gt/
d]/f] Wofgdf / :d/0fdf 8'a]sf] x'G5 . pxfF d ltgLx¿nfO{ tŒj1fg¿kL a'l4of]u lbG5', h;af6
cGttM pgLx¿ dnfO{ g} k|fKt u5{g\ eGg'x'G5 . x] ch{'g Û pgLx¿ dfly cg'u|x ug{sf nflu …dÚ
:jod\ pgLx¿sf] cGt:s/0fdf Ps efjn] l:yt eP/ c1fgn] pTkGg ePsf] cGwsf/nfO{ Hof]ltd{o
tŒj1fg¿kL bLkåf/f gi6 u5{' . ha leq a'l4 hlGdG5, ta a'l4of]u kmlnt x'G5 / hLjg p;sf]
;du|tfdf b]lvG5 . xfd|f cfFvfn] b]v]sf] h:tf] xf]Og, hLjgtŒj ¿kdf h:tf] 5 p:t} b]lvG5, ta
oxL k|1f lbof] aGb5 / Tof] ;f/f c1fg h;df xfdL clxn];Dd afFr]sf 5f}“ Pjd\ h;nfO{ clxn];Dd
xfdLn] cfˆgf] hLjg ;Dem]sf 5f}+ Tof] ;f/f cGwsf/ ljnLg / z"Go x'G5 .
dg'io k|sfzsf] Pp6f ;Defjgf xf] . dg'io k|sfzsf] aLh xf] / p;df n's]sf] Hof]lt kª\v
ag]/ Hof]ltd{o x'g ;S5 t/ To;sf nflu dgaf6 dfly p7\g' h?/L x'G5 / cxª\sf/nfO{ OGwg
agfpg'kb{5 hf] hn]kl5 Tof] k|sfzsf] Hof]lt a'l4of]u xfdLleq ;3g x'G5 . Tof] a'l4of]uaf6 h]
hflgG5, ToxL wd{ xf] . Tof] k|sfzdf h] kfOG5, ToxL df]If xf] . afFsL ;a} ;+;f/ xf] . c1fgdf hf]
hflgG5 Tof] ;+;f/ xf] / To;}nfO{ ha 1fgn] hflgG5 Tof] k/dfTdf xf] . ;+;f/ / k/dfTdf b'O{ s'/f
xf]Ogg\ Pp6} bz{gsf b'O{ ¿k / cg'ej x'g\ . xfdL k/dfTdf / ;+;f/nfO{ b'O{ cl:tTj agfP/ x]5f}{+
t/ Tof] Ps} xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] a'l4of]uåf/f Hof]ltd{o k|1f k|s6 eP/ c1fg¿kL cGwsf/
Pjd\ cxª\sf/ d]l6G5 / of] cxª\sf/ gi6 ePkl5 b'O{ /xFb}g, cå}t dfq z]if /xG5 . wd{ Ps
cGt/qmflGt xf] hxfF JolQmn] cfkm"nfO{ abNg ;S5 . hfGgsf nflu gofF k|sfz, Hof]lt / r}tGo
cflje{"t x'G5 h;af6 cxª\sf/ gi6 eP/ gofF Hof]ltsf] bz{g x'G5 .
xfdL ghfgLsg hfGg rfxG5f}“ . xfd|f] O{Zj/sf] :d/0f klg ;'ufsf] /6fO h:tf] 1fg xf] hf]
xfdLnfO{ cfˆgf lktf–dftfaf6 ldNb5 / xfdL ToxL 1fg cfˆgf ;GtfgnfO{ la/f;tdf lbG5f}“ t/
cg'ejsf] / cfˆgf] ;fIffTsf/sf] s'g} k|tLlt leq x'Fb}g . To;}n] wd{sf] olt w]/} rrf{ eP/ klg Joy{
h:tf] nfU5 . k/dfTdfsf] rrf{ / :t'lt ug]{ JolQmsf] cfFvfdf k|e'sf] emns kfO{+b}g . hf] xfd|f]
hLjgdf 5“b} 5}g, To;sf] xfdL w]/} rrf{ ul//x]sf 5f}“ . xfdL cfkm"nfO{ wf]vf lbgdf s'zn 5f}“ . xfdL
zAb;Fu cg's"lnt (Conditioned) ePsf 5f}“ . dlGb/ b]Vg]lalQs} xfd|f] xft hf]l8G5 .
afNofj:yfb]lv g} lktf–dftfn] dlGb/ b]Vg]lalQs} xft hf]8]sf] b]v]/ aRrfsf] / xfd|f] klg xft
hf]l8G5 . of] cg's"ng xf] wfld{stf xf]Og . s'g} wfld{s pT;j dgfpg' klg wfld{stf xf]Og of] klg

nf]suLtf– 426
 cWofo–!)
cg's"ng dfq xf] . s[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] wfld{stfsf nflu dgaf6 dfly p7\g h?/L x'G5 . xfd|f] h:tf]
afFlwPsf] ;'uf h:tf] oGqjt\ dg wfld{s x'g ;Sb}g . of] dgnfO{ z"Go agfpg' g} k5{ clg dfq
s[i0fsf] o; sygsf] s'/f xfdL /fd|/L a'‰g ;Sg] 5f}“ .
ch{'g pjfr
k/+ a|Xd k/+ wfd kljq+ k/d+ ejfg\ .
k'?if+ zfZjt+ lbJodflbb]jdh+ lje'd\ ..!@..
ch{'gn] eg]– xh'/ k/a|Xd, k/dwfd, k/dkljq x'g'x'G5 lsgeg] xh'/nfO{ ;a} Clifu0fx¿,
;gftg, zfZjt, lbJo, b]jtfsf klg b]j, slxNo} ghlGdg] / ;j{Jofks eGb5g\ ..
cfx':Tjfd[ifoM ;j]{ b]jlif{gf{/b:tyf .
cl;tf] b]jnf] Jof;M :jo+ r}j a|jLlif d] ..!#..
x] s]zj Û To;/L g} b]jlif{ gf/b, cl;t, b]jn, Jof;nufotsf Clifx¿n] oxL ;Tosf] k'li6
u/]sf 5g\ / dnfO{ klg xh'/ oxL s'/f eGb} x'g'x'G5 ..
;j{d]tb[t+ dGo] oGdf+ jbl; s]zj .
g lx t] eujGJolQm+ ljb'b]{jf g bfgjfM ..!$..
x] s]zj Û xh'/n] dnfO{ eGg'ePsf s'/f d k"0f{ ¿kdf ;To dfGb5' . x] eujg\\ Û xh'/sf]
nLnfdo JolQmTjnfO{ b]jtf / bfgjx¿ klg hfGb}gg\ ..
>Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ eGg'ePsf] s'/f a'l4nfO{ dfGg sl7g x'G5 . ts{n] lj/f]w ug]{ 5, ljrf/n]
;Gb]x ug]{ 5 / cxª\sf/n] To;nfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{ 5 . ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ dxfdfgj t dfGg ;S5g\ t/
pxfFnfO{ O{Zj/ dfGgdf pgnfO{ sl7gfO eO/x]sf] 5 . ch{'gn] s[i0fsf] s'/f ;'g]kl5 pgL h] eGb}
5g\, Tof] aflx/af6 em§ x]bf{ t /fd|f] nfUb5 t/ pgsf] cy{ To:tf] xf]Og . cln ulx/fOaf6 x]¥of}“ eg]
xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf] eGbf l7s ljk/Lt s'/f pgsf] k|Zgdf kfOG5 . >Ls[i0fn] eGg'eof]– …dÚ g} k/dfTdf
x'F, …dÚ g} ;a}df JofKt 5', ;a} s'/f …dÚaf6 g} wf/0ff ul/Psf] 5 . ;d:t Clifx¿df …d]/f]Ú g} efj
k|s6 ePsf] 5 / ;d:t >]i7tf / zlQmx¿sf] …dÚ g} cfwf/ aLh x'F . hxfF hLjgdf s'g} klg
;'uGwn] prfO 5'G5 / ha s'g} lzv/ uf}/L zª\s/ x'G5, ta Tof] >]i7tfsf] clGtd l:yltdf h]
km'Nb5, Tof] …dÚ g} x'F . …dÚ g} of] hLjgsf] cflehfTo, /;, k|f0f / s]G› x'F . s[i0fn] eg]sf] s'/f ts{ /
a'l4sf] cfwf/df dfGg c;Dej b]lvG5 . ch{'g h] eGb5g\ Tof] klg /fd|/L ;f]Rgnfos 5 .
>Ls[i0fsf jrg ;'g]kl5 ch{'gn] eg]– x] eujGf\ Û xh'/ k/da|Xd / k/dwfd Pjd\ k/d
kljq x'g'x'G5 . xh'/nfO{ ;a} Clifhg, ;gftg, lbJok'?if Pjd\ b]jsf klg b]j cflbb]j, chGdf /
;j{JofkL eGb5g\ . b]jlif{ gf/b, cl;t / b]jn Clif tyf dxlif{ Jof; / :jod\ xh'/ klg o:t}
3f]if0ff dnfO{ ug{'x'G5 . x] s]zj Û xh'/ dnfO{ h] eGg'x'G5 Tof] ;d:t s'/fnfO{ d ;To dfGb5' . x]
eujGf\ Û xh'/sf] nLnfdo :j¿k g bfgj hfGb5g\ g b]jtf g} hfGb5g\ . o;/L em§ x]bf{ ch{'gn]
;a} s'/f :jLsf/ u/]em}“ nfU5 t/ ch{'gn] of] ;a} o;/L g} :jLsf/ u/]sf] eP uLtf oxLF ;dfKt
x'GYof] . ch{'gn] s[i0fsf s'/f ;a} a'em]sf eP pgdf cfTolGts 36gf 3l6t x'GYof] / ca eGg'kg]{
s]xL afFsL /xFb}gYof] . t/ uLtf ;dfKt geP/ s[i0fnfO{ c¿ klg kl/>d ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 lsgeg] of]
egfO a'em]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 t/ To:tf] ePsf] 5}g . To;}sf/0f uLtf cem afFsL 5 .
ch{'g xh'/ k/dwfd, k/a|Xd / k/dkljq x'g'x'G5 eGb5g\ lsgeg] o:t} s'/f Clifx¿ /
dxlif{x¿n] eg]sf 5g\ . ch{'gnfO{ cem} klg l;wf k|tLlt ePsf] 5}g / clxn] klg ;fIfLsf]
cfjZostf 5 . ch{'g o;f] dfGb5g\ lsgeg] ;a} Clifu0f, dxlif{x¿, ;gftg lbJok'?if Pjd\

nf]suLtf– 427
cWofo–!)
b]jlif{x¿ s[i0fnfO{ chGdf / ;j{JofkL dfGg'x'G5 . cl;t, b]jn / dxlif{ Jof;;lxt w]/} dxfg\
Clifx¿ klg ToxL s'/f eGg'x'G5 . pgL eGb} 5g\– olt dfq xf]Og xh'/ :jod\ klg dnfO{ To:t}
eGg'x'G5 . ha xfdLnfO{ ;fIfLsf] h?/t kb{5, To;sf] cy{ ;Tosf] ;fIffTsf/ clxn];Dd :jod\nfO{
ePsf] 5}g eGg] xf] . ch{'g of] d]/f] klg cg'ej xf] eGb}gg\ pgL eGb5g\– x] s[i0f Û xh'/ eGb}
x'g'x'G5 To;}n] Tof] ;To g} x'g'kb{5 lsgeg] hlt klg ljrf/zLn / hfGg] JolQmx¿ 5g\ pgLx¿n]
klg To;} eg]sf 5g\ . ch{'gsf] ;To eGg' jf dfGg' pgsf] cfˆgf] ;To xf]Og . of] ;fIfLx¿sf] ;To
xf], c¿sf] ;fIfLdf pgL cfˆgf] dfGotf :yflkt ub}{ 5g\ . h'g dfGotf c¿df lge{/ 5, Tof] slxNo}
klg ulx/f] x'g ;Sb}g . ch{'gn] s[i0f :jod\nfO{ l;wf kfP/ klg dfGotf ulx/f] x'Fb}g eg] dxlif{
Jof;sf] sygnfO{ s;/L ch{'gn] ulx/fOdf dfGg ;S5g\ .
;Tosf nflu s'g} klg ;fIfLsf] h?/t kb}{g . ch{'gnfO{ l;wf k|tLlt ePsf] 5}g t/ pgL
s[i0f;Fu k|efljt 5g\ . c¿sf] ;fIfLsf] cfwf/df afFRg] JolQm bl/› x'G5 / p;;Fu l;wf x]g]{ cfFvf
x'Fb}g t/ ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ k|]d lglZrt ¿kdf ub{5g\ . s[i0fnfO{ k|]d ug]{ x'gfn] tL JolQmx¿sf]
;fIfLnfO{ pgn] 5gf]6 u/]sf 5g\ hf] s[i0fnfO{ eujfg\ dfGb5g\ . olb pgn] s[i0fnfO{ k|]d gu/]sf
eP c¿ ;fIfLx¿ pgn] 5gf]6 uy]{ hf] s[i0fnfO{ eujfg\ dfGb}gg\ / lj/f]wL 5g\ . s[i0fsf cfˆgf
sfsfsf 5f]/f g}ldgfy h}gLx¿sf tLy{ª\s/ x'g'x'G5 . pxfF h}gx¿sf rf}la; tLy{ª\s/dWo] Ps
x'g'x'G5 . s[i0fk|lt ch{'gsf] k|]d gePsf] eP pgn] c¿ g} ;fIfLx¿ 5gf]6 uy]{ t/ of] k|]d >4f xf]Og
of] s]jn Ps ldqk|ltsf] k|]d xf] . ch{'gsf] dfGotf s[i0fk|lt l;wf ePsf] eP uLtf oxLF ;lsGYof] /
pgL s[i0fsf] cfb]z dfg]/ oxLFaf6 g} o'4df pqGy] t/ pgL a'l4n] ;fIfL h'6fP/ cfkm"nfO{ ;Demfpg]
k|of; ub}{ 5g\ . pgL s[i0fnfO{ ;fIfLsf] lsgf/fdf v8f ub}{ 5g\ . pgL Clifx¿sf ;fy} xh'/ :jod\
klg dnfO{ oxL eGb} x'g'x'G5 eG5g\ . ch{'gleq cem} klg ;Gb]x JofKt 5 .
slxn]sfxLF w]/} ;fIfLx¿sf] k|df0f c;To aGg ;S5 / slxn] Pp6f ;fgf] ;TonfO{ ;f/f
hut\sf JolQmx¿n] hlt k|of; u/] klg c;To k|dfl0ft ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . ch{'gnfO{ ulx/fOdf s[i0fk|lt
e/f];f eO;s]sf] 5}g t/ s[i0f;Fu pgsf] ulx/f] nufj eg] cjZo 5 . pgL rfxG5g\ ls s[i0f
eujfg\ x'g'xf];\ t/ dfGg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . ch{'g s[i0fn] eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ ;To dfG5' eG5g\ t/ of]
dfGg' hfGg' xf]Og . ch{'gn] jf:tjd} dfGg ;s]sf eP pgsf] gofF hGd x'g] lyof] . s'g} klg wd{nfO{
cfTd;ft\ ubf{ hLjg ablnPg eg] Tof] dfGg' Joy{ x'G5 . ch{'gsf] dfGg' klg pgsf] af}l4s k|of;
dfq xf] . ch{'gsf] Åboleq Pp6f ljk/Lt wf/0ff a;]sf] 5 . ch{'g eG5g\– x] eujGf\ Û xh'/sf]
nLnfdo :j¿knfO{ g bfgj g b]jtf g} hfGb5g\ t/ of] pgsf] cxª\sf/nfO{ ;Dk'i6 ug]{ jQmJo xf] .
s}of}“k6s xfdL o;sf/0f dfG5f}“ ls dfGbf cxª\sf/ k'i6 x'G5 . cxª\sf/nfO{ ha s'g} j:t'df t[lKt
ldNb5 ta cxª\sf/ To;nfO{ dfGg /fhL x'G5 . ch{'gnfO{ b]jtf / bfgjn] a'‰g / hfGg ;Sb}gg\
eGg] s'/fn] ;'v lbPsf] 5 . of] s;}n] ghfGg] s'/f klg d t dfGb5' eGg] pgsf] a'emfO 5 .
ch{'gsf] hl6ntf pgL s[i0fnfO{ pxfF ;fFRr} eujfg\\ x'g'x'G5 eg]/ dfGg klg tof/ 5}gg\
Pjd\ k"0f{ ¿kdf xf]Og eg]/ gdfGg klg rfxFb}gg\ . of] hl6ntf xfdL;Fu klg ;b}j x'G5 . To;}n]
ch{'g xfdL ;a}sf g} k|tLs x'g\ . xfdL ;a}sf] Åboleq o:t} åGå x'G5 . dfGg]–gdfGg], afFRg]–gafFRg],
ug]{–gug]{ lj/f]wfef; xfdLleq klg Ps;fy x'G5 / xfdL hLjge/ oxL åGåsf] cndndf /xG5f}“ . of]
cr]tg s'/f ch{'gnfO{ klg yfxf 5}g . JolQm hlt åGåu|:t x'G5 Tolt g} pm lh2L klg x'G5 . ch{'g
o; k|;ª\udf b'j} s'/f eGb} 5g\ t/ pgsf] b'lawfk"0f{ s'/fn] ubf{ uLtf cem} hf/L /xg] ePsf] 5 .
s[i0fn] of] pgsf] cfˆgf] ;To hfGg' xf]Og eGg] s'/f a'lem;Sg'ePsf] 5 . pwf/f] ;To c;ToeGbf klg

nf]suLtf– 428
 cWofo–!)
vt/gfs x'G5 . c;To klg cfˆgf] eof] eg] To;df Pp6f k|fdfl0fstf x'G5 t/ csf{sf] ;Tosf] s'g}
cy{ x'Fb}g .
dxlif{ Jof; s] eGg'x'G5 eg] ts{ jf ljrf/;Fu ch{'gsf] s'g} dtna 5}g . lk|o ;vf
s[i0fnfO{ dfGg lxRflsrfx6 eO/x]sf] 5 eg] pgn] dxlif{ Jof;nfO{ s;/L dfGg ;S5g\ < ch{'g
cfˆgf] dg lnkkf]t ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgL dfGg klg rfxG5g\ t/ leq dfGg klg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .
ch{'g h:tf Iflqosf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] s'/f cxª\sf/ xf] / ToxL pgsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] sdhf]/L klg xf]
t/ s[i0fsf] k|ltef / cfefn] eg] pgnfO{ 5f]Psf] 5 . ;fy} s[i0fsf] pgLk|ltsf] k|]dn] klg pgnfO{
:kz{ u/]sf] 5 / pgLleq s]xL k|ltWjlgt klg eO/x]sf] 5 . slxn]sfxLF ulx/fOdf ;f]Rbf pxfF dg'io
dfq xf]Og ls eGg] nfUg klg ;S5 . To;}n] Ps tndf :jLsf/ / csf]{ tndf c:jLsf/ ;Fu;Fu}
rln/x]sf] 5 . ch{'g o; åGådf km;]sf 5g\ / pgsf] jQmJodf of] åGå k"/f emlNsG5 . ;fy} ch{'g
Pp6f dhf klg lng rfxG5g\ / eG5g\– h;nfO{ b]jtf / bfgjn] klg hfGg ;Sb}gg\ To;nfO{ d
dfGb5' . csf]{, s[i0f h] cfˆgf af/]df eGb} x'g'x'G5, Tof] ;TonfO{ klg d dfGb5' .
xfdL ToxL s'/f dfG5f“}, h'g xfdLnfO{ zª\sf nfU5 . xfdL cfTdf, k/dfTdf Pjd\ df]Ifdf d]/f]
ljZjf; 5 eG5f}“ . xfdL ToxL s'/fdf dfGotfsf] hf]8 lbG5f}“ h'g s'/f xfdL hfGb}gf}“ . h;nfO{ dfGg
c;Dej x'G5 To;}nfO{ xfdL dfGb5f}F eG5f}“ / hf] k|ToIf 5 To;nfO{ xfdL slxNo} dfGb}gf}“ . z/L/nfO{
xfdL hfGb5f}“ / cfTdf xfdL dfGb5f}“ . kbfy{nfO{ klg xfdL hfGb5f}+ t/ k/dfTdfnfO{ xfdL dfGb5f}“ .
h'g lbg k/dfTdf Pjd\ cfTdfsf af/]df k"0f{ ¿kdf hflgG5, To;} lbg xfdLleq Ps} :j/sf] hGd
x'G5 cGoyf xfdL leq åGå / snx g} /xG5 . JolQm dfGotfdf hlt sdhf]/ x'G5 To;nfO{ pm lh2L
u/]/ k"/f ub{5 . xfdL leq vfnL 5f}“ / c¿n] xfn]sf] kmf]x/ y'kf/]/ a;]sf 5f}“ . cfˆgf] s'g} cg'e"lt
gx'gfn] ;ToeGbf xfdL w]/} k/ 5f}“ .
To;}n] cfkm" :jod\sf] cg'ej geO{ Clif–dxlif{x¿n] eg]sf s'/fx¿sf] s'g} dxŒj x'Fb}g .
ch{'g s] cg'ej u5{g\, To;sf] dfq d"No 5 . oxfF ch{'gsf] cg'ej pgsf] egfOsf] cfwf/df ulx/f]
/ Ps :j/sf] klg 5}g / To;df s'g} ;fd~h:o klg 5}g . r]i6f u/]/ s'g} s'/f hfGg' wd{ xf]Og .
To:t} cEof; u/]/ klg xfdL hfGg ;Sb}gf}“ lsgeg] hfGgsf nflu t cg'ej g} rflxG5 t/ ch{'g
Clifx¿sf ljrf/nfO{ ;fIfL /fv]/ eG5Gf\– xh'/n] eGg'ePsf ;a} s'/f dfGb5'≤ xh'/ g} O{Zj/ xf] . of]
ch{'gsf] æs[i0f eujfg\ x'g'x'G5Æ eg]/ dfGg] r]i6f / pxfFk|lt cfb/efj xf] t/ pgL leq xf]Og eGg]
:j/ klg lg/Gt/ alh/x]sf] 5, h;nfO{ bafpg] r]i6f klg ch{'g ub}{ 5g\ . b'O{df afFl8O/x];Dd
ch{g'sf] l:ylt o:t} /xg] 5 . PsTjsf] efj leq :yflkt ePkl5 dfq ch{'gn] eujfg\nfO{ lrGg
;Sg] 5g\ .
wd{ laNfs'n cnu s'/f xf] . /fd, a'4, dxfjL/ geP klg s'g} km/s kb}{g, xfdL pxfFx¿ljgf
klg wfld{s aGg ;S5f}“ . wfld{s x'g' lghL ;Tosf] ;fIffTsf/ dfq xf] / p;sf] k/Dk/fut ;To;Fu
s'g} ;DaGw x'Fb}g . ch{'g k/Dk/fut ;Tosf] s'/f ub}{ 5g\ . k/dfTdf cufl8 x'g'x'G5 / pgL pbfx/0f
Jof;sf] lb“b} 5g\ . s[i0fsf cufl8 Clifd'lgx¿sf] s'g} t'ngf 5}g . s[i0fsf cufl8 c¿ ;fIfLsf]
j0f{g ug{' eg]sf] ;"o{sf cufl8 lbof] lnP/ pleg' h:t} xf] . ch{'g o; hut\df ePsf cGof]nu|:t
JolQmx¿sf ;f/ x'g\ / s[i0f ;f/f eujQf hf] k|s6 ePsf] 5 To;sf] ;f/ x'g'x'G5 .
/fdfo0f /fdsf] Pp6f syf dfq xf] . afOan lh;;sf ljljw k|;ª\udf cg]sf}“ JolQmx¿sf
;fy ePsf] jQmJosf] ;ª\u|x xf] . s'/fg dg'io hfltsf nflu df]xDdbåf/f lgj]lbt O{Zj/sf] ;Gb]z
xf] t/ oL s'g} klg l;wf ;+jfb xf]Ogg\ . uLtf Pp6f l;wf ;+jfb xf], hxfF Psflt/ dfgjtfsf]
cGof]nu|:t dgsf k|tLs ch{'g 5g\ / csf{lt/ ;f/f b]jTjsf] lgrf]8 >Ls[i0f x'g'x'G5 . pxfFx¿sf]
nf]suLtf– 429
cWofo–!)
l;wf ;+jfb uLtfdf cgf}7f] 9Ëaf6 k|:t't ePsf] 5 . uLtf ;fwf/0f wfld{s u|Gy xf]Og / o;nfO{
cGo k':ts;Fu t'ngf klg ug{ ;ls+Fb}g t/ olb xfdL uLtfsf] ulx/f] cfofddf k|j]z u¥of}“ /
ch{'gsf kqkqnfO{ tf]8\b} uof}“ eg] dfq uLtfsf] cy{ xfdL a'‰g ;S5f}“ . ha ch{'g vf]lnG5g\ /
:ki6 x'G5g\, ta dfq xfdL s[i0faf/] :ki6 x'g ;Sb5f}“ . h'g cy{df ch{'gsf] åGå :ki6 x'G5, To;}
cy{df s[i0fsf] ;Gb]z / ;+jfb klg :ki6 x'G5 .
:jod]jfTdgfTdfg+ j]Ty Tj+ k'?iff]Qd .
e"tefjg e"t]z b]jb]j huTkt] ..!%..
x] k'?iff]Qd Û x] ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf pb\ud;|f]t Û x] hLjsf :jfdL Û x] b]jtfsf klg k/db]jtf Û
x] hut\sf clwklt Û x] k'?iff]Qd Û xh'/ cGt/ª\u zlQmåf/f :jod\ cfkm"n] cfkm“}+nfO{ /fd|/L
hfGg'x'G5 ..
jQm'dx{:oz]if]0f lbJof XofTdlje"toM .
oflelj{e"ltlenf]{sflgdf+:Tj+ JofKo lti7l; ..!^..
xh'/ h'g lje"ltx¿åf/f o; ;+;f/df JofKt eP/ a:g'ePsf] 5 tL ;a} lbJo lje"ltx¿sf
af/]df ;a} k|sf/n] j0f{g ug{ xh'/ of]Uo x'g'x'G5 ..
sy+ ljBfdx+ of]lu+:Tjf+ ;bf kl/lrGtog\ .
s]if' s]if' r efj]if' lrGTof]˜l; eujGdof ..!&..
x] k/dof]uL Û d s;/L lg/Gt/ lrGtg ub}{ xh'/nfO{ hfg"F < xh'/ s'g s'g efjdf dåf/f
lrGtg ug{of]Uo x'g'x'G5 ..
ch{'gsf dgdf hlt åGå / hl6ntf eP klg pgsf] JolQmTj ;/n 5 . ch{'gsf] ;/ntf /
k|]dsf sf/0fn] g} pgn] s[i0fsf] ;Gb]z kfpg ;s]sf] x'g'k5{ . cfkm"k|lt OdfGfbf/ x'g' g} wfld{s
JolQmsf] klxnf] nIf0f xf] / pgL cfkm"k|lt OdfGfbf/ 5g\ . pgL cfkm"leqsf] hl6ntf hfg]/ To;af6
d'Qm x'g cft'/ 5g\ . pgL ljgd|tfsf ;fy cfkm"leq h] eO/x]sf] 5, Tof] s[i0fnfO{ JoQm ub}{ 5g\ .
o; sygdf ch{'gn] s[i0fsf ;fd' s]xL d"Nojfg\ s'/fx¿ eg]sf 5g\ . oL s'/fx¿ xfdLx¿sf nflu
klg d"Nojfg\ x'G5g\ lsgeg] xfdL ;a} ch{'gsf] tndf g} plePsf 5f}“ . ch{'gn] eg]– x] k|f0fLx¿nfO{
pTkGg ug]{jfnf k|f0fLx¿sf O{Zj/ Û x] b]jtfx¿sf klg b]j Û x] hut\sf :jfdL Û x] k'?iff]Qd Û xh'/
:jod\ g} cfkm"nfO{ hfGg'x'G5 . o;eGbf cl3 ch{'gn] s[i0fnfO{ xh'/ h] eGg'x'G5 d To;nfO{ ;To
dfGb5' eg]sf lyP . ch{'gn] d hfGb5' eg]gg\, of] pgsf] OdfGfbf/ syg xf] . ch{'gn] of] ;To xf];\
eGg] cfsfª\Iff;Dd k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ t/ pgL :jod\nfO{ eg] k|tLtL ePsf] 5}g . ch{'gn] oxfF ulx/f]
s'/f eGf]sf 5g\ . xh'/ cfkm"nfO{ :jod\ g} hfGg'x'G5 / d}n] xh'/nfO{ hfGg rfx]F eg] s;/L hfGg
;S5' < o; egfOsf w]/} cfofdx¿ 5g\ .
o; ;+;f/df w]/} k|sf/sf j:t'x¿ 5g\ / tLdWo] Pp6f j:t' k/ k|sflzt / csf]{ :jk|sflzt
5 . s'g} s'/f b]lvgsf nflu Tof] j:t' / k|sfz b'j} h?/L x'G5 lsgeg] s]xL b]Vg k|sfzaf6
k|sflzt x'g'k5{ . k|sfz ePg eg] uxg cGwsf/ 5fpF5 / s;}n] s]xL b]Vg ;Sb}g . c¿nfO{ b]Vg /
hfGgsf nflu klg k|sfz rflxG5≤ To;}n] csf]{ JolQm k/k|sflzt xf] . hlt;'s} cGwsf/ eP klg
cfkm"nfO{ hfGg / cfˆgf] :jk|tLltsf nflu csf]{ k|sfzsf] cfjZostf x'Fb}g, cfkm" x'g' g} kof{Kt x'G5 .
t;y{ cfTd1fg :jk|sflzt x'G5 . cfTdf :jk|sflzt xf] t/ kbfy{ k/k|sflzt xf] . r]tgf
:jk|sflzt ePsf] x'Fbf To;n] cfkm"nfO{ k|sflzt u5{ . ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ eGb} 5g\– xh'/ g} cfkm"nfO{
hfGg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0fsf] cy{ k/d r}tGo / r]tgfsf] z'4td cj:yf xf] . ch{'g eG5g\– d}n] xh'/nfO{

nf]suLtf– 430
 cWofo–!)
jf Tof] k/d r}tGonfO{ hfGg vf]h]F eg] klg s;/L hfGg ;S5' . d]/f] 1fgn] xh'/nfO{ hfGg ;lsGg
lsgeg] xh'/ t :jk|sflzt x'g'x'G5 / d}n] s;/L Tof] z'4td r]tgfnfO{ hfGg] < d}n] hfGg vf]h]“ eg]
clwstd ¿kdf xh'/sf] z/L/ cyf{t\ xh'/sf] kbfy{ut lx:;f;Dd hfGg ;S5' . xh'/sf] jf0fL ;'Gg
;S5' t/ hf] af]Nb5 To;nfO{ d hflGbgF . xh'/sf cfFvf t b]Vg ;S5' t/ Tof] b]Vg ;lSbgF hf]
cfFvfn] b]Vb5 . xh'/sf] xft b]Vb5' t/ xftleq h'g hLjg 5 To;nfO{ hflGbgF . d xh'/sf] aflx/L
¿k dfq lrGg ;S5' t/ leqL ¿k hfGg ;lSbgF . To;}n] xh'/n] dfq cfkm"nfO{ hfGg'x'G5 . eQm /
1fgLx¿n] eg]sf 5g\– k/dfTdfnfO{ :jod\ k/dfTdf gagLsg hfGg ;ls+Fb}g . k/dfTdf eP/ dfq
p;nfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 .
;+;f/df b'O{ k|sf/sf] 1fg x'G5– Pp6f kl/ro / csf]{ 1fg . ha s'g} s'/f aflx/af6 hflgG5
Tof] kl/ro x'G5 . hlt;'s} glhsaf6 hfg] klg ToxfF b"/L x'G5 / hlt;'s} glhsaf6 hfg] klg Tof]
kl/ro dfq x'G5 . 1fg x'Fb}g . s'g} lrh csf]{ g/xL To;;Fu Psfsf/ ePdf dfq 1fg kmlnt x'g
;S5 hf] cToGt sl7g s'/f xf] . To;}n] wd{sf cltl/Qm ;a} s'/f kl/ro dfq x'g\ s]jn wd{ dfq
1fgsf] åf/ xf] . wd{n] of]u / Wofgåf/f o:tf] k|lqmof vf]h]sf] 5 hxfF Pp6f r]tgfsf] Hof]lt csf]{
r]tgfdf nLg x'G5 . :jefjtM b'O{ z/L/ Ps x'g ;Sb}gg\ t/ b'O{ cfTdfx¿ Ps x'g ;S5g\ . b'O{
z/L/ Ps x'g ;Sb}gg\ lsgeg] ToxfF ;Ldf x'G5 t/ cfTdfsf] s'g} ;Ldf gx'g] x'Fbf b'O{ cfTdfx¿ Ps
x'g ;S5g\ . hlt t/ntf eof] Pstf sfod x'g Tolt ;lhnf] x'G5 h:tf] ls cnu–cnu kfgLsf
yf]kf Ps x'G5g\ . z/L/sf] ;Ldf 9'Ëf h:tf] s8f / 7f]; x'G5 t/ cfTdfsf] ;Ldf kfgL h:t} t/n
x'G5 . cfTdf kfgLeGbf klg afkm h:t} t/n x'G5 . Pp6f sf]7fdf b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L lbof] aflnof]
eg] b'j}sf] k|sfz Pp6} x'G5 . Wofgdf z/L/ cnu /xG5 t/ cfTdf Ps x'G5 . Pp6f sf]7fdf la;
hgfn] Wofg ul//xFbf z/L/ la;j6f x'G5g\ t/ cfTdf Ps x'G5 .
1fgsf] cy{ s'g} j:t'nfO{ aflx/af6 xf]Og s]G›af6 hfGg' xf] . Tof] j:t'sf] cGt:tnaf6 hfGg'
1fg xf] . 1fg wd{sf cltl/Qm sxLFaf6 hfGg ;ls+Fb}g lsgeg] wd{n] dfq JolQmnfO{ c;Ld;Dd
hf]8\g] ;'lawf h'6fpF5 . ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ eGb} 5g\– d s;/L xh'/nfO{ hfGg ;S5' lsgeg] d t
aflx/ / 6f9f 5' . hfGgsf nflu t b"/L x6\g'k5{ / PsTj x'g'k5{ . ch{'gn] of] …dfGb5'Ú eGg' g}
pgsf] OdfGfbf/L xf] cGoyf xfdLx¿ dfGg'nfO{ g} hfGg' 7fG5f}“ . xfdL O{Zj/nfO{ hfGb}gf}“ tyflk hfg]
h:tf] u/]/ Ps csf{;Fu cfˆgf] s'/f dgfpgsf nflu n8fOF u5f}{+ .
ch{'g eG5g\– d dfGb5' xh'/ O{Zj/ xf] . xh'/ g} ;d:t k|f0fLx¿nfO{ pTkGg ug]{jfnf,
;d:t k|f0fLx¿sf O{Zj/, b]jtfx¿sf b]j, hut\sf :jfdL, k'?iff]Qd x'g'x'G5 t/ of] ;a} d]/f] dfGotf
xf] . xh'/ t cfkm"nfO{ :jod\ hfGg'x'G5 . of] ;To xf] t/ of] klg d]/f] dfGotf / efj xf], 1fg
xf]Og . of] d]/f] xh'/k|ltsf] >4f xf] t/ of] d]/f] k|tLlt ;fIffTsf/ eg] xf]Og . ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ eG5g\–
of] s]jn d]/f] dfGotf dfq xf] t/ ca d klg xh'/nfO{ hfGg rfxG5' . xh'/ cfkm"nfO{ g} hfGg'x'G5
t/ d xh'/nfO{ hflGbgF . x] eujGf\ Û xh'/ g} cfˆgf] lbJo lje"ltnfO{ ;Dk"0f{tfsf ;fy eGgof]Uo
x'g'x'G5 h'g lje"ltx¿åf/f oL ;a} nf]sx¿nfO{ JofKt u/]/ xh'/ l:yt x'g'x'G5 .
d}n] af/Daf/ ;a} k|f0fLx¿nfO{ pTkGg ug]{jfnf, ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf O{Zj/, x] b]jx¿sf b]j, x]
hut\sf :jfdL, x] k'?iff]Qd Û eg] klg oL ;a} efjk"0f{ zAbx¿ dfq x'g\ . hlt;'s} Åbon] eg] klg
d]/f] Åbo o;af6 :klz{t x'Fb}g . To;}n] xh'/ g} cfˆgf lje"ltx¿nfO{ ;Dk"0f{tfn] eGg ;Sg] of]Uo
x'g'x'G5 . xh'/ g} cfˆgf] cl:tTj k"0f{tfdf atfpg ;Sg'x'G5 . ch{'g eGb} 5g\– d c1fgLn] xh'/nfO{
hfGg ;lsgF . To;}n] xh'/ g} atfpg'xf];\ / xh'/n] dfq cfˆgf] ;du|tfnfO{ atfpg ;Sg'x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 431
cWofo–!)
O{Zj/sf ;DaGwdf hlt jQmJo lbOPsf 5g\ tL ;a} cf+lzs dfq x'g\ . s'g} klg jQmJo ;du| 5}g /
x'g klg ;Sb}g . xfd|f zAb / efiffsf ;Ldf 5g\ t/ Tof] c;Ldsf] s'g} ;Ldf 5}g .
ch{'gsf] of] lgj]bgdf Hofb} ulx/f] j]bgf 5 . ch{'g eGb} 5g\– d s;/L eGg ;S5' lsgeg]
d h] eG5' Tof] cw'/f] c+z dfq xf] . xh'/sf] lje"lt / P]Zjo{ ckf/ 5 . xh'/sf] x'g' c;Ld 5 /
xh'/sf] lj:tf/ hfGg g;lsg] 5 . xh'/sf] g s'g} cflb 5 g cGt g}, To:t} d xh'/sf] s'g} klg
k|f/De klg kfpg ;lSbgF . xh'/sf] ;Ldf lvRg c;Dej 5, To;}n] d xh'/sf] ;DaGwdf eGg
;lSbgF . t;y{ xh'/n] g} cfˆgf] ;du|tf / lj:tf/ atfOlbg'xf];\ . O{Zj/sf af/]df hfGg] JolQmx¿sf
sygx¿ leGg 5g\ / Ps csf{sf ljk/Lt / lj/f]wL h:tf] nfU5g\ t/ hfGg]jfnfsf] cg'ej lj/f]wL
xf]Ogg\ . h;n] O{Zj/nfO{ k|]dn] hfg] / h;sf] ;fwgf k|]dsf] ;fwgf xf] o:tf ;fwsx¿n] O{Zj/sf]
j0f{g ;u'0f ¿kn] u/]sf 5g\ . k/dfTdfsf] JofVof h;n] Åbon] u/]sf 5g\ ltgLx¿n] ;u'0f ¿ksf]
g} JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . csf{lt/ h;n] k/dfTdfnfO{ Åbon] xf]Og 1fgn] hfg]sf 5g\ pgLx¿n] lgu{'0f,
lg/fsf/ ¿ksf] JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] JofVof em§ x]bf{ snxk"0f{ h:tf] nfU5 t/ of] snx
xf]Og cf–cfˆgf] dfu{af6 k/dfTdfsf] k|tLlt u/]sf] cg'e"lt xf] .
O:nfd hf] lg/fsf/ k|tLltsf] dfu{ xf], p;df df]xDdbeGbf klxn] dSsfdf #^% d"lt{x¿
ePsf dlGb/ lyP, hxfF x/]s lbgsf] k"hfsf nflu Pp6f d"lt{sf] Joj:yf ul/GYof] . O:nfd dfGotfdf
k/dfTdfnfO{ s'g} klg ¿kdf afFWg ;lsGg cGoyf xfdL ¿kdf /f]lsg] 5f}“ / lg/fsf/;Ddsf] ofqf g}
x'g] 5}g eg]/ #^% ¿ksf ;a} d"lt{x¿nfO{ tf]l8of] . df]xDdbsf] s'g} klg lrq pknAw 5}g . lrqn]
;fwssf] dfu{df afwf k'Ug ;S5 eg]/ df]xDdbn] cfˆgf] s'g} lrq /fVg lbg'ePg . of] 1fgLsf] Pp6f
JofVof xf] t/ k|]dL / eQmsf] JofVof klg plQs} ;xL 5 . of] dfu{ j}olQms x'G5 / k|To]s JolQm
cf–cfˆgf] dfu{, cf–cfˆgf] :jefj / :jwd{sf cfwf/df cfˆgf] af6f] to u5{g\ .
ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ eG5g\– d}n] h] eg] klg Pjd\ h] dfg] klg xh'/sf] ;du|tfnfO{ eGg ;lSbgF .
To;}n] xh'/ g} cfˆgf] ;du|tf atfOlbg'xf];\ . s;}n] klg efiffdf ;du|nfO{ eGg} ;Sb}g . p;n]
c+znfO{ dfq eGg ;S5 lsgeg] ;du|tf olt 7'nf] 36gf xf] hf] Ps};fy eGg} ;lsF+b}g . s[i0f klg
zAbdf ;du| eGg ;Sg'x'Gg . ch{'g eGb5g\– x] eujGf\ Û xh'/ g} cfˆgf ;Dk"0f{ lje"ltx¿ h'g
lje"ltx¿åf/f ;f/f nf]snfO{ JofKt u/]/ l:yt x'g'x'G5 To;nfO{ ;du|tfn] eGgof]Uo x'g'x'G5 . x]
of]u]Zj/ Û d s'g k|sf/n] lg/Gt/ lrGtg ub}{ xh'/nfO{ hfg"F, x] eujg\ Û d]/f] of]Uotf, kfqtf /
;DefjgfnfO{ x]/]/ xh'/ s'g s'g efjdf dåf/f lrGtg ug{of]Uo x'g'x'G5 < ch{'g eGb5g\– xh'/n]
cfˆgf lje"ltx¿sf af/]df atfpg'ePsf] klg x'g;S5 h'g d}n] hfGg ;lsgF . To;}n] d s;/L
xh'/nfO{ hfGg ;S5' < Tof] atfOlbg'xf];\ . ch{'g ljlw / dfu{sf af/]df hfGg rfxG5g\ .
k/dfTdfnfO{ h'g;'s} efjn] k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 t/ x/]s JolQmn] Ps} efjn] k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g .
O{Zj/nfO{ ;a} efjn] kfpg t ;lsG5 t/ x/]s JolQmn] cfˆgf] lghL efj vf]Hg'k5{≤ c¿sf] efjaf6
k/dfTdfnfO{ vf]Hg ;ls+Fb}g .
xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] ;Defjgf s] 5 / xfdL s] x'gsf lglDt hlGdPsf xf}F eGg] hfgsf/L g} 5}g .
k|To]s JolQmsf] cfˆgf] lghL 9Ë x'G5 . s'g} JolQmsf nflu 1fgdfu{ pko'Qm x'G5 eg] s'g} JolQmsf
nflu elQmdfu{ / s;}sf nflu sd{dfu{ pko'Qm x'g ;S5 . oL k|To]sn] cfˆgf] :jefjcg';f/sf] dfu{
vf]Hg'k5{ / c¿nfO{ hah{:tL yf]kg{' x'Fb}g t/ xfdL cfkm" h'g dfu{df x'G5f}“, c¿nfO{ klg ToxL
dfu{df rnfpg rfxG5f}“ . hGd;Fu wd{sf] s'g} ;DaGw x'Fb}g t/ xfdL ToxL cg';f/ rN5f}“, h'g
b'ef{Uo xf] . x/]s JolQm hGdaf6 wd{ xf]Og ;Defjgf lnP/ hlGdPsf] x'G5 t/ xfdL Tof] ljrf/ g}
gu/L xfdL h] 5f}“, ToxL yf]kg]{ k|oTg u5f}{+ . wd{ efjgfk|wfg x'G5 hGdhft x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0fn]

nf]suLtf– 432
 cWofo–!)
eGg'ePsf] 5– :jwd{ 5f]8]/ csf]{ wd{df hfg' eofjx x'G5 . xfdL ;gftgLsf 3/df hlGdPsf JolQm
;gftgL g} /xg'k5{ eGg] 7fG5f}+ h'g unt ;f]r xf] . :jwd{sf] cy{ cfˆgf] :jefj vf]Hg' xf] hf]
k/dfTdfdf k'¥ofpg] dfWod aGg ;sf];\ . of] JolQmut s'/f xf] / k|To]s JolQmn] cfˆgf] t/Ë cfkm}“
vf]Hg'k5{ .
ch{'g ;f]Wb5g\– x] of]u]Zj/ Û d s'g efjdf xh'/nfO{ vf]h"F < s;/L of] d]/f nflu ;/n /
;Dej x'G5 tfls d]/f] dfGotf d]/f] 1fg aGg ;sf];\ . clxn] hf] d c¿sf] ;fIfL vf]Hb} 5' To;/L g}
d klg s;/L ;fIfL aGg ;S5' . s'g ljlwn] lg/Gt/ lrGtg ub}{ xh'/nfO{ hfGg ;S5' eGg] lrGtg
1fgsf] ljlw xf] . s'g efjn] xh'/nfO{ lrGtg u¿F eGg] lrGtg eQmsf] ljlw xf] . hut\df l7s
cy{df b'O{ dfu{x¿ 5g\, dl:tiss]lG›t / csf]{ Åbos]lG›t h'g k'?if / :q}0f dfu{ x'g\ . of] :qL /
k'?if geO{ k|tLsfTds xf] . :q}0f JolQmTjx¿ rfx] :qL jf k'?if xf]pmg\, pgLx¿ Åbos]lG›t x'G5g\ .
hf] k'?if JolQmTj x'G5g\ tL rfx] k'?if jf :qL x'g\ tL dl:tiss]lG›t x'G5g\ . b'j} dfu{ laNfs'n cnu
5g\ . ch{'g olt ;/n 5g\ ls pgnfO{ s'g dfu{af6 rn"F Tof] klg yfxf 5}g . pgL d s'g efFtL
lrGtg ub}{ xh'/;dIf k'u"F eg]/ hfGg rfxG5g\ . olb efj d]/f] dfu{ xf] eg] s'g efFtL s'g efjn]
xh'/nfO{ lrGtg ub}{ xh'/nfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;S5' egL hfGg rfxG5g\ .
oL b'O{ lj/f6\ wf/fx¿ x'g\ / logsf ;–;fgf w]/} dfu{x¿ 5g\ t/ TfL uf}0f 5g\ . clxn];Dd
hut\df h;n] k/d;To k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ pgLx¿n] ls ljrf/sf] cfTolGts ultaf6 hfg]sf 5g\ ls
efjaf6 hfg]sf 5g\ . Psflt/ a'4, dxfjL/, nfpT;', qmfO:6 h:tf JolQmx¿n] 1fgaf6 k/d ;To
kfPsf 5g\ eg] csf{lt/ dL/f r}tGo, sla/, 6]/];f, /fljof h:tf JolQmx¿n] efjaf6 k/d ;To
kfPsf 5g\ . logLx¿sf] ;fwgfsf] Joj:yf cnu x'G5 . h;n] 1fgaf6 ;To kfPsf 5g\, pgLx¿sf]
;fwgfsf] Joj:yf elQmeGbf l7s pN6f] x'G5 . ljrf/af6 rNg] JolQmsf nflu Wofg cfwf/ x'G5 . hf]
ljrf/af6 rN5g\ pgLx¿n] ljrf/nfO{ olt z'4 ug{'k5{ ls ljrf/nfO{ z'4 ubf{ub}{ ljrf/ g}
x/fcf];\ . ljrf/ olt z'4 xf];\ ls zAb ;dfKt eP/ ljrf/0ff dfq z]if /xf];\ . To; cj:yfnfO{
xfdL ;fIfL cyf{t\ hfu?stf eGg ;S5f}“ .
ch{'g ;f]Wb5g\– olb d]/f] hfGg] ;Defjgf 1fgsf] eP xh'/nfO{ hfGg d s;/L lrGtg u¿F,
dnfO{ atfOlbg'xf];\ . olb of] geP d s:tf] efj u¿F, h;af6 d xh'/nfO{ hfGg ;S5' . efjdf
JolQm nLg / ;dk{0f eP/ lj;lh{t x'G5 . k|]d / elQmdfu{ Tof] JolQmnfO{ ;xof]uL x'G5, hf]
cfkm"nfO{ 8'afP/ ljnLg ug{ tof/ x'G5 . 1fgsf] dfu{df cfkm" k"0f{ hfu[t eP/ cfk"mnfO{
arfpg'k5{ . 1fgsf] dfu{df ;a} 5'6]/ d dfq afrF" eGg] x'G5 eg] elQmsf] dfu{df cfkm"nfO{ k"/f
ld6fP/ pm afrf];\ d dfq gafFr"F eGg] x'G5 . oL b'O{ ljk/Lt dfu{af6 Ps} 7fpFdf k'luG5 . oL b'O{
ljk/Lt dfu{x¿af6 å}t x/fpF5 / Ps aR5 . ch{'g eGb5g\– d]/f] kfqtf s] 5 / d s'g cj:yfdf
5', Tof] xh'/n] dnfO{ atfOlbg'xf];\ . ta Tof] d]/f] kfqtf k|s6 eP/ d]/f] ;Defjgf jf:tljstf
aGg ;sf];\ / d]/f] aLh cª\s'l/t eP/ kmqmg / km'Ng ;sf];\ . xh'/n] eg]sf] s'/f d hfGg ;s"F / d
s;/L s'g efjn] xh'/sf] lrGtg u¿F < dnfO{ dfu{bz{g ug{'xf];\ . ch{'gsf] ;/ntf :ki6 5 . pgn]
cfˆgf] dfGotfnfO{ g} hfGg' 7fg]sf eP s[i0f;Fu o;/L ;f]Wg] lyPgg\ . d}n] hfg]sf] 5}g eGg] s'/f
pgnfO{ yfxf 5 . ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ ljgd|tfsf ;fy eGb5g\– d xh'/nfO{ dfGb5' t/ ddf xh'/nfO{
hfGg] 1fg 5}g . d]/f nflu s] plrt x'G5, h;af6 d xh'/nfO{ hfGg / ;du|tfdf cg'ej ug{ ;S5'
Tof] dnfO{ s[kfk"j{s atfOlbg'xf];\ .

nf]suLtf– 433
cWofo–!)
lj:t/]0ffTdgf] of]u+ lje"lt+ r hgfb{g .
e"oM syo t[lKtlx{ >[0jtf] gfl:t d]˜d[td\ ..!*..
x] hgfb{g Û cfˆgf] of]uzlQmnfO{ / lje"ltnfO{ lj:tf/k"j{s k'gM j0f{g ug{'xf];\ . xh'/sf
cd[t¿kL jrg ;'g]/ d slxNo} c3fpGgF / ddf ;'Gg] pT;fx /lx/xG5 ..
>Leujfg'jfr
xGt t] syloiofld lbJof XofTdlje"toM .
k|fwfGotM s'?>]i7 gf:ToGtf] lj:t/:o d] ..!(..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– x] s'?>]i7 Û x'G5, d ltdLnfO{ d]/f lbJo P]Zjo{¿k lje"ltx¿af/] d'Vo
¿kn] atfpg] 5' lsgeg] d]/f lje"ltx¿sf lj:tf/sf] s'g} cGTo jf ;Ldf 5}g ..
cxdfTdf u'8fs]z ;j{e"tfzol:ytM .
cxdflbZr dWo+ r e"tfgfdGt Pj r ..@)..
x] u'8fs]z -lg›fnfO{ lhTg]_ Û …dÚ g} ;d:t hLjsf cGt:s/0fdf lgjf; ug]{ cfTdf x',F …dÚ g}
;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf cflb, dWo / cGTo klg x'F ..
ch{'gn] s[i0fnfO{ eg] x] hgfb{g Û cfˆgf] of]uzlQm / k/d P]Zjo{¿k lje"ltaf/] km]l/ Psk6s
lj:tf/k"j{s eGg'xf];\ lsgeg] xh'/sf cd[tdo jrg ;'g]/ dnfO{ t[lKt g} x'Fb}g . s[i0fsf jrg ;'g]/
s;}nfO{ slxNo} klg t[lKt x'Fb}g . s[i0fsf] jrg olt k|Llts/ / dw'/ 5 ls o;nfO{ hlt ;'g] klg
cem ;'g"F ;'g"F h:tf] nfU5 / slxNo} klg t[lKt x'Fb}g t/ of] ;fdfGo cy{ xf] . ulx/fOdf o; sygsf]
cfzo s] xf] eg] ;'g]/ slxNo} klg o;af6 t[lKt x'g} ;Sb}g, a? ct[lKt / Kof; cem a9\5 lsgeg]
o; sygn] h'g s'/fsf] va/ lbG5, Tof] hfGb} uPkl5 Tolt g} cem Kof; a9\g yfN5 . Tof] hnfzo
hxfFaf6 of] jrgwf/f au]sf] 5 To;nfO{ hfGg] Kof; cem a9\5 . of] t[lKtsf] :j/ Tof] hnfzonfO{
vf]Hg] O;f/f xf] . olb sf]xL jrgaf6 dfq t[Kt x'g rfxG5 eg] pm jrgaf6 slxNo} klg t[Kt x'g
;Sb}g . Tof] ;|f]tlt/ ofqf ug{'k5{ hxfF of] jrgn] O;f/f u/]sf] 5 . ToxfF k'u]kl5 dfq JolQm t[Kt
x'g ;S5 t/ of] jrg klg k|Llts/ / cd[tdo 5 . sf]xL o;nfO{ ;'Ggsf lglDt dfq klg /f]lsof]
eg] of] jrg Pp6f gzf x'G5 / t[lKt slxNo} klg x'Fb}g .
a'4;Fu cfgGb rfln; jif{b]lv 5fof h:tf] eP/ a;]sf lyP . a'4sf] d[To'sf] If0fdf cfgGb
?g yfn] . ta a'4n] eGg'eof]– d}n] ltdLnfO{ h] eg] Tof] olb ltdLn] a'‰of} eg] d[To' t x'Fb} x'Fb}g .
cfgGb 5ftL lk6]/ cem ?Fb} eG5g\– xh'/sf] cd[tdo jrg ca km]l/ slxn] ;'Gg kfOG5 < ca slt
hGdkl5 xh'/sf] bz{g x'G5 < dnfO{ t clxn] t[lKt ePs} 5}g . xh'/ xfdLnfO{ 5f]8]/ labf x'g
nfUg'eof] . a'4n] cfgGbnfO{ eGg'eof]– rfln; jif{b]lv ltdL d]/f jrg lg/Gt/ ;'lg/x]sf 5f} . olb
ltdLn] rfln; hGd;Dd lg/Gt/ ;'lg/Xof} eg] klg ltdLdf t[lKt x'Fb}g . t[lKt t ofqf u/]/ ToxfF
k'u]kl5 dfq x'G5 . …dÚ Tof] 3/ jf wfdsf] s'/f ub}{ 5' / ltdLnfO{ jrg g} k|Llts/ nfU5 eg] cem
Tof] wfd k'u]kl5 s:tf] xf]nf, ToxfF k'u]kl5 dfq cd[t kfPsf] t[lKt kfOG5 . hnsf] rrf{ u/]/ Kof;
x6\b}g, a? hnsf] rrf{n] Kof; cem a9\5 / hn lkPkl5 dfq hnaf6 t[lKt x'G5 . ch{'g s[i0fsf]
cd[tdo jrg ;'g]/ t[Kt x'Fb}gg\ / cem ;'Gg rfxG5g\ . ch{'gnfO{ of] jrg ;'g]/ t[lKt gx'g'sf] cy{
pgnfO{ s[i0fsf] jrgn] hxfF O;f/f ub}{ 5, ToxfFsf] ofqf u/]/ ToxfF k'u]kl5 dfq t[lKt ldNg] 5 .
wd{zf:q Tof] zf:q xf] h;nfO{ k9]/, ;Dem]/ t[lKt ldNb}g a? ct[lKt cem a9\5 . h'g k9]/
t[lKt ldN5, Tof] ;flxTo xf] wd{zf:q xf]Og . wd{zf:qn] t Kof;, hng hufpF5 / JolQm emg\ ct[Kt
x'G5 . wfld{s JolQm k/dfTdfnfO{ kfP/ d'lQm kfpgsf nflu jf ;To kfpgsf nflu ct[Kt /

nf]suLtf– 434
 cWofo–!)
c;Gtf]ifL x'G5 . p;nfO{ wg, kb, oz kfP/ ;Gtf]if x'Fb}g . To;}n] p;sf] ;f/f zlQm k/dfTdfnfO{
kfpgdf nfU5 . ha;Dd hLjgdf ulx/f] c;Gtf]if k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpgdf x'Fb}g, ta;Dd hLjg
cy{xLg x'G5 . wd{zf:q Tof] zf:q xf], hf] xfd|f ;a} c;Gtf]ifsf] zlQmnfO{ ;d]6]/ k/dfTdfdf
nufcf];\ . hf] xfd|f ;f/f jf;gfnfO{ lvr]/ Pp6} jf;gfdf lgof]lht ul/b]cf];\, hf] xfd|f] k|f0fsf] ;f/f
5l/Psf] ls/0fnfO{ Pslqt u/]/ Pp6f Hjfnf jf d':nf] agf];\ / Tof] d':nf] k/d;Tosf] vf]hLdf
nfuf];\ .
oxL c;Gtf]if ch{'gnfO{ klg cg'ej x'Fb} 5 . ch{'gn] s[i0fsf] jrg hGd hGdfGt/;Dd
;'lg/x] eg] klg pgnfO{ ;Gtf]if eg] ldNb}g . pgL of] k/d jrgcg';f/ ¿kfGt/0f x'g'k5{ . olb o;
cg's"n ch{'g kl/jlt{t x'g ;s] eg] pgL s[i0f;Fu Ps x'g] 5g\ . To;}n] ch{'g eG5g\– x] hgfb{g Û
cfˆgf] of]uzlQm, P]Zjo{ / lje"ltnfO{ km]l/ lj:tf/k"j{s eGg'xf];\ . >Ls[i0fn] clxn] ev{/ h'g s'/f
eGg'ePsf] 5, ch{'g To;nfO{ km]l/ lj:tf/k"j{s eGg'xf];\ eG5g\ . pgL xh'/sf] cd[tdo jrg ;'g]/
dnfO{ t[lKt x'Fb}g eG5g\ . ch{'g eG5g\– c¿ lj:tf/k"j{s eGg'xf];\ . xfdL ;a}nfO{ nfU5 s'g} s'/f
a'‰g ;lsPg eg] lj:tf/k"j{s eg]df /fd|/L a'‰g ;lsG5 . h'g s'/f kl/rofTds x'G5, To;nfO{
lj:tf/k"j{s eg] a'‰g ;lsG5 lsgeg] kl/ro cln lj:tf/df eg]df a'‰g ;lsG5 t/ 1fg hlt
lj:tf/df ;'Gof] Tolt sd hflgG5 .
df}n'ª\uk'q hf] Pp6f hfgsf/ JolQm lyP pgL a'4;dIf uP/ cfkm"nfO{ s]xL 1fg lbg'xf];\
eg] . a'4n] eGg'eof]– ltd|f] leIffkfq klxn]b]lv g} el/Psf] 5 / 1fg ltdL;Fu rflxg] eGbf klg w]/}
5 . jf:tjdf ltdLnfO{ 1fgsf] sf/0fn] ckr ePsf] 5 . olb d}n] ltd|f] sNof0f ug{ rfx]F eg] ltd|f]
1fg klxn] d}n] ltdLaf6 vf]:g'k5{ . olb d}n] ltdLnfO{ km]l/ c1fgL agfPF eg] dfq ltd|f] hLjgdf
1fgsf] Hof]lt aNg] 5 . df}n'ª\u k'qnfO{ a'4sf] s'/f crDdsf] nfUof] lsgeg] pm a'4sxfF c¿ 1fg
lj:tf/k"j{s hfGgsf nflu cfPsf] lyof] . s'g} l;4fGtdf s]xL r's ePsf] eP To;nfO{ klg l7s
kfg{ rfxGYof] . a'4n] eGg'eof] d ltdLnfO{ lj:tf/k"j{s s]xL elGbgF . ltdL cfˆgf] 1fgaf6 vfnL eof}
eg] dfq ltd|f] hLjgdf 1fgsf] 36gf 36\g ;S5 .
lj:tf/sf] cy{ tYofTds / To; ljifodf c¿ hfGg vf]Hg' xf] t/ 1fg lj:tf/af6 kfOFb}g
1fg ulx/fOaf6 kfOG5 . 1fgdf Ps} laGb'df ulx/f] plqg'k5{ / lj:tf/df Ps laGb'sf cf;kf;
cg]sf}+ laGb'x¿sf] ofqf ug{'k5{ . kl/ronfO{ lj:tf/ / 1fgnfO{ ulx/fO rflxG5 . h;nfO{ cfkm" k/d
c1fgL 5' eGg] af]w x'G5, p;eGbf 1fgL csf]{ JolQm x'g} ;Sb}g lsgeg] 1fg ;ª\u|x xf]Og . lj:tf/
1fg xf]Og, kl/ro xf] / kl/ro ;txL s'/f dfq xf] . ;fy} zf:q k9\g] kl08tnfO{ klg slxNo}
k/d1fg ePsf] kfOFb}g . slxn]sfxLF c1fgL klg k/d1fgdf pknAw x'g ;S5g\ t/ k9]sf] kl08t
hf] lj:tf/k"j{s ;a} s'/f hfGb5 p;nfO{ eg] slxNo} k/d1fg gx'g ;S5 . sla/, df]xDdb, lh;;,
gfgs hf] k9] n]v]sf JolQm klg xf]Ogg\ pgLx¿nfO{ dxfg\ k/d1fg ePsf] 5 . sfzLsf kl08t hf]
sla/nfO{ sk8f a'Gg] h'nfxf / gk9]sf] JolQm 7fGy] pgLx¿ hxfF lyP ToxLF /x] t/ sla/nfO{
k/d1fg eof] .
ch{'gsf dgdf klg lj:t[t ¿kdf hfGg kfPdf t[lKt ldN5 eGg] 5 . JolQmn] hlt a9L
hfGb5 pm t ToxLF x'G5 t/ p;sf] ;ª\u|x eg] lgZro a9\5 . ha s'g} s'/fdf xfdL ulx/fOdf
hfG5f}+ ta ;ª\u|x t a9\b}g JolQm ablnP/ ¿kfGt/0f x'G5 . ch{'gnfO{ clxn] t d}n] a'em]sf] 5}g t/
lj:tf/df eg]kl5 a'‰g ;S5' eGg] pgsf] ;f]r 5 . ca >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ lj:tf/df of]

nf]suLtf– 435
cWofo–!)
a'emfpgsf nflu eGg'x'G5 t/ hlt lj:tf/df eg] klg pgL a'‰g ;Sb}gg\ lsgeg] s[i0fsf
lje"ltx¿sf] lj:tf/sf] s'g} ;Ldf 5}g . s[i0fn] eg]sf] jrg wd{sf] k/d jrg xf] . o; jrgnfO{
a'em]/ ch{'gdf ¿kfGt/0f eof] eg] dfq pgL t[Kt x'G5g\ cGoyf s[i0fn] hlt lj:tf/df eg] klg Tof]
pgL a'‰g ;Sb}gg\ .
>]i7td sljtf klg af/Daf/ k|of]udf NofpFbf To;n] lg/;tf k}bf u5{ t/ wd{u|Gysf] kf7
xfdL b}lgs u5f}{“ t/ klg lg/;tf x'Fb}g . olb xf];k"j{s kf7 ul/Psf] 5 eg] wd{u|Gyn] b}lgs xfd|f]
Kof;nfO{ hufpg] 5 . olb uLtf k9]/ klg lg/;tf k}bf eof] eg] uLtf xfd|f nflu wd{zf:q xf]Og
eg]/ a'‰g'k5{ t/ uLtfnfO{ k|To]s lbg k9\bf klg k|]/0ff ldNof] eg] uLtf wd{u|Gy x'G5 . hlt k9\b}
uof] plt g} Kof; a9\b} uof] eg] dfq uLtf xfd|f nflu kyk|bz{s x'G5 . To;}n] klxn]sf JolQmx¿
b}lgs uLtf kf7 ul//xGy] . olb jiff}{+ kf7 u/]/ klg uLtf gofF / cem cy{k"0f{ nfUof] eg] dfq xfd|f]
/ uLtfsf larsf] ;DaGw x'g] 5 . oflGqs ¿kdf uLtfnfO{ /f]h s07:y u/]/ k9\g'sf] eg] s'g}
cf}lrTo 5}g o;af6 s'g} xflb{s ;DaGw aGb}g . ch{'g lj:tf/df cd[tdo jrg ;'Gg rfxG5g\ /
eG5g\– dnfO{ of] jrg ;'g]/ t[lKt g} ePsf] 5}g t/ x/]s t[lKt lg/; (Boredom) x'G5,
lj:tf/k"j{s ;'g]/ klg a'‰g ;lsFb}g / t[lKt klg x'Fb}g . ch{'gnfO{ cd[tdo jrg ;'g]/ t[lKt ldN5
eGg] nfUb5 t/ pgnfO{ t[lKt ldNg]jfnf 5}g . of] jrg t Tof] cfgGblt/sf] O;f/f xf] h;nfO{ ;'g]/
a'‰g ;ls+Fb}g, a? kfP/ / To;df g} afFr]/ dfq hfGg ;lsG5 .
ch{'gn] o;/L ;f]w]kl5 >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] s'?>]i7 Û …dÚ ca ltd|f nflu cfˆgf lbJo
lje"ltx¿ k|wfgtfk"j{s eGb5' . d]/f lje"ltx¿ cgGt 5g\ h;nfO{ j0f{g ug{' ;Dej 5}g .
pgLx¿sf] lj/f6\kg eGgsf nflu ;do / zAb b'j} c;dy{ 5g\ . To;}n] ca …dÚ cfˆgf lje"ltx¿
h'g d'Vo 5g\, ltgnfO{ k|wfgtfk"j{s atfpF5' . …d]/f]Ú lj:tf/sf] s'g} cGt 5}g / …d]/f]Ú k"/f lj:tf/
atfpg yfn]“ eg] of] rrf{ slxNo} klg ;lsFb}g . ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ cfˆgf lje"ltx¿af/] lj:tf/df
atfpg cfu|x u5{g\ . >Ls[i0fn] To;nfO{ lj:tf/df atfpg yfNg'eof] eg] Tof] Tolt g} nfdf] x'G5,
hlt of] cl:tTj / >Ls[i0f x'g'x'G5 . hf] :jod\ ;Dk"0f{ cl:tTjsf] ¿k pgsf cufl8 x'g'x'G5 t}klg
ch{'g lrGb}gg\ eg] Tof] nfdf] lj:tf/sf] j0f{g s;/L a'‰g ;S5g\ . To;}n] Tof] j0f{g cgGt x'G5
h;sf] j0f{g ;Dej g} x'Fb}g . t;y{ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d'Vo d'Vo s]xL s'/f 5gf]6 u/]/ …dÚ ltdLnfO{
eGb5' hf] ltd|f nflu O;f/f agf];\ h;df ltdLn] s]xL emns kfpg ;Sg] 5f} . d]/f] nIf0f cgGt 5
hf] j0f{g ug}{ ;lsGg t/ TfLdWo] d'Vo nIf0f ltd|f nflu h'g pkof]uL x'g ;Sb5, Tof] 5gf]6 u/]/
ltdLnfO{ eGb5' . o;/L s[i0fn] nIf0f klg ch{'gn] a'‰g] vfnsf] 5fGg'ePsf] 5 . x] ch{'g Û …dÚ ;a}
k|f0fLx¿sf] Åbodf l:yt ;a}sf] cfTdf x'F tyf ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] cflb, dWo / cGTo klg …dÚ g} x'F .
…dÚ ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf] Åbodf l:yt ;a}sf] cfTdf x'F . xfdL ha s;}nfO{ x]b{5f}“, ta p;sf]
kl/lw (Circumference) dfq b]Vb5f}“, s]G› b]Vg ;Sb}gf}“ . xfd|f] s]G› t xfdLleq u'Kt ¿kdf n's]sf]
5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] h'g n's]sf] Åbo 5 / Tof] h'g ;a}sf] leq uxg s]G› 5 ToxL …dÚ x'F .
ha;Dd xfdL leqsf] s]G› hfGg ;Sb}gf}“, ta;Dd s[i0fsf] s'/f a'‰g ;Sb}gf}“ . xfdLn] cfkm"nfO{
P]gfdf gx]/L lrGg klg ;Sb}gf}“ / xfdL cfkm"nfO{ aflx/af6 dfq lrGb5f}“ . xfdLnfO{ cfˆgf] s]G›af/]
s]xL klg af]w 5}g . To;}n] xfdL cfkm"nfO{ c¿n] eg]sf cfwf/df lrGb5f}“ . xfdLnfO{ c¿n] s]
eGb5g\ eGg] ;b}j lrGtf x'G5 . hf] JolQm cfˆgf] z/L/nfO{ leqaf6 b]Vg ;dy{ x'G5 ToxL JolQmn]
cfˆgf] s]G› klg b]Vg ;Sb5 . s]G› Tof] xf] h;n] ;a}nfO{ b]Vb5 / ;a} hfGb5 . hf] z/L/sf] x8\8L,
df;', dHhfnfO{ b]lv/x]sf] x'G5 ToxL ;fIfL xf] . ToxL s]G› h;n] ;a}nfO{ b]Vb5 To;}nfO{ lrGg'kb{5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ ;a}sf] Åbodf l:yt ToxL s]G›, cfTdf x'F . of] xfd|f] w8\lsg] Åbosf af/]df

nf]suLtf– 436
 cWofo–!)
>Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] xf]Og . Åbo t Tof] s]G›sf] gfd xf] h;af6 xfd|f] cl:tTj w8\lsG5 . cfTdf g}
xfd|f] leqL Åbo xf] .
xfd|f nflu Åbo aGb x'g' eg]sf] d[To'j/0f ug{' xf] lsgeg] xfdL cfkm"nfO{ aflx/af6 dfq
hfGb5f}“≤ d'6'af6 dfq hfGb5f}“ leqL Åboaf6 xf]Og≤ z/L/af6 hfGb5f}“ cfTdfaf6 xf]Og / kl/lwaf6
hfGb5f}“ s]G›af6 xf]Og . kl/lw t ;dfKt x'G5 / 8fS6/n] To;}nfO{ d[To' eGb5g\ . xfdLnfO{ s]G›sf]
cl:tTjsf af/]df s'g} hfgsf/L g} 5}g≤ To;}n] xfdL To;nfO{ d[To' dfGb5f}“ . olb xfdLnfO{ cfˆgf]
s]G›sf af/]df hfgsf/L eof] eg] d[To' x'Fb} x'Fb}g . aflx/ d[To' / leq hLjg x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ToxL
hLjgsf af/]df eGg'x'G5– ;a} k|f0fLx¿df hxfF hxfF hLjg 5 ToxfF ToxfF …dÚ 5' . ;a}sf] cfTdfdf
…dÚ x'G5' o;sf] cy{ xfdL z/L/af6 dfq cnu 5f}“ t/ leq cGtÅ{bodf Ps 5f}“ . xfd|f] e]b jf
leGgtf s]jn z/L/sf] dfq xf] leqsf] xf]Og, cGoyf s[i0f ;a}sf] leq x'g ;Sg'x'Gg . o;sf] cy{
xfd|f] kl/lw dfq cnu 5 xfd|f] s]G› eg] Ps 5 . h'g lbg JolQmn] cfˆgf] s]G›nfO{ hfGb5 Tof] lbg
e]b z/L/sf] dfq xf] leqaf6 xfdL ;a} Ps 5f}+ eGg] yfxf x'G5 . cfTdf Pp6f lj:tf/ xf] h:tf] ls
k|To]s aNa cnu cnu x'G5 t/ ljB't\ Ps x'G5 . xfdL ;a} aNa h:t} z/L/ xf}+ / leq h'g ljB't\
pmhf{ k|jflxt 5 Tof] Ps 5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;j{JofkL cfTdf …dÚ x'F . ;a}sf] Åbodf / ;a}sf] cfTdfdf …dÚ 5' . aflx/
dfq e]b 5 t/ leq ce]b 5, aflx/ leGgtf 5 / leq cleGgtf 5 . hf] JolQm leqaf6 afFRb5
p;sf lglDt hf];'s}sf] clxtdf klg cfˆg} clxt b]lvG5 . dxfjL/ / a'4df olt k|]d, s?0ff
cfljef{j ePsf] sf/0f oxL xf] . pxfFx¿n] cfkm" cltl/Qm sf]xL klg 5}gg\ egL b]Vg ;Sg'eof] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf] Åbosf] cfTdf …dÚ g} x'F / ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL hut\sf] cflb, dWo /
cGt klg …dÚ g} x'F . lxGb" wd{n] oL tLgj6} s'/f k/dfTdfdf Ps};fy dfGb5 / g/fd|f] s'/fnfO{ klg
xfdL cnu dfGb}gf}“ . xfdL enfO / v/fa, k|sfz / cGwsf/ b'j}nfO{ Ps dfGb5f}“ . xfdL ;Dk"0f{
cl:tTj ;a}df k/dfTdfsf] d"n b]Vb5f}“ . ;gftg lrGtgn] ;a} k/dfTdfsf] ¿k eg]/ dfGb5 .
of] j}1flgs ;f]r xf] . olb xfdLn] j}1flgsnfO{ ;f]Wof}“ eg] cGwsf/ k|sfzsf] g} ¿k eGb5g\ .
cGwsf/sf] cy{ sdeGbf sd k|sfz xf] / k|sfz klg cFWof/f]sf] ¿k xf] h;sf] cy{ sdeGbf sd
cGwsf/ xf] . lj1fgn] udL{ / 7G8L Ps} s'/fsf b'O{ gfd x'g\ eGb5 . ;a} cg'ej;fk]If x'g\, To:t}
v/fa / enfO klg b'O{ s'/f geO{ Ps s'/f g} xf] . h;nfO{ g/fd|f] JolQm eGb5f}+ Tof] sd;]sd /fd|f]
JolQm / h;nfO{ xfdL /fd|f] JolQm dfGb5f}“ Tof] sd;]sd g/fd|f] JolQm xf] . To;}n] g/fd|f] JolQmdf
klg /fd|f] / /fd|f] JolQmdf klg g/fd|f] s'/f kfOG5 . o:tf] /fd|f] JolQm vf]Hg ;lsGg h;df g/fd|f]
s'/f gxf];\ / o:tf] g/fd|f] JolQm klg vf]Hg ;lsGg h;df /fd|f] s'/f gxf];\ . o;sf] cy{ /fd|f]–g/fd|f]
Pp6} s'/fsf lj:tf/ x'g\ / Tof] Ps s'/f, j:t' jf tŒj g} k/dfTdf xf] .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k|f/De, dWo / cGTo klg …dÚ x'F . ;+;f/ klg …dÚ x'F / df]If klg …dÚ
x'F . z/L/ klg …dÚ x'F / cfTdf klg …dÚ x'F Pjd\ hut\sf] ;f/f lj:tf/df ;a}lt/ …dÚ g} JofKt 5' .
xfdL lxGb"x¿sf nflu cl:tTj / k/dfTdf kof{ojfrL x'g\ . To;}n] O{Zj/ 5 eGg' k'g?lQm x'G5
lsgeg] 5 eGg' g} O{Zj/ xf] . h] 5, Tof] ;a} O{Zj/ dfq 5 / x'g' g} O{Zj/ xf], cl:tTj g} k/dfTdf
xf] . ;a}eGbf v/fa s'/fdf klg k/dfTdf b]Vg ;Sof}“ eg] xfd|f nflu g/fd|f] eGg] g} /xF+b}g . oxfF
k/dfTdfsf cltl/Qm s]xL klg 5}g / Tof] Pssf nflu >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ ;a} k|f0fLx¿df l:yt
;a}sf] cfTdf x'F / ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] cflb, dWo / cGt klg …dÚ g} x'F .

nf]suLtf– 437
cWofo–!)
cflbTofgfdx+ lji0f'Hof{]ltiff+ /lj/+z'dfg\ .
d/Llrd{?tfdl:d gIfqf0ffdx+ zzL ..@!..
…dÚ g} clbltsf afx| k'qx¿df lji0f' / ;d:t Hof]ltdf …dÚ ls/0fo'Qm ;"o{ x'F / …dÚ pgfGrf;
jfo'b]jtfx¿sf] t]h d/Llr xF' / gIfqx¿df …dÚ rG›df x'F ..
j]bfgf+ ;fdj]bf]›l:d b]jfgfdl:d jf;jM .
OlG›of0ff+ dgZrfl:d e"tfgfdl:d r]tgf ..@@..
j]bx¿df …dÚ ;fdj]b x',F b]jx¿df :ju{sf] /fhf OG› x',F ;d:t OlG›ox¿df …dÚ dg x'F / ;Dk"0f{
k|f0fLx¿df …dÚ k|f0fzlQm jf r]tgf x'F cyf{t\ hLjgzlQm x'F ..
h] eGg / JoQm ug{ ;lsF+b}g, To;nfO{ k|tLsaf6 b]vfpg ;lsG5 . hf] c1ft 5 To;tkm{
klg k|tLssf] dfWodaf6 OlËt ug{ ;lsG5 . O{Zj/ c1ft 5 / p;sf] xfdLnfO{ s]xL klg hfgsf/L
5}g t/ h] xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 To;sf] ;xf/fn] xfdL p;nfO{ OlËt ug{ ;S5f}“ . xfdL s]6fs]6LnfO{
efiff l;sfpg klxn] lrq l;sfpF5f}“ clg efiff hf] c1ft 5 To;nfO{ l;sfpF5f}“ . dflg;sf] dg klg
klxn] lrqsf] efiffdf ;f]Rb5 clg zAbsf] efiff p;df ljsl;t x'G5 . k|frLgtd efiffx¿ h:tf] ls
lrlgofF efiff hf] lrqsf] efiff xf] / o; efiffdf sd;]sd Ps nfv zAblrq t ofb x'g'kb{5 .
s]6fs]6Lsf] dg klg k|frLgtd x'G5 . To;}n] pgLx¿ klg lrqaf6 g} ;lDemg ;Sb5g\ .
>Ls[i0fn] df}lns s'/f elg;Sg'ePsf] 5– …dÚ ;d:t cfTdfx¿sf] cfTdf x'F / ;d:t
cfTdfx¿sf] s]G› x'F . …dÚ ;d:t Åbox¿sf] Åbo x'F, ;a} s'/fx¿sf] cflb dWo / cGTo x'F / ;a}
s'/f …d]/}Ú lj:tf/ xf] t/ of] ulx/f] efj ch{'gn] a'‰g ;s]gg\ . To;}n] s[i0f ca lrqsf] efiffsf]
k|of]u u/]/ lrqsf dfWodaf6 Tof] efjlt/ O;f/f ug{'x'G5 . ch{'gn] a'‰g;Sg] lrqs} pkof]u s[i0fn]
ug{'x'g] 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û …dÚ clbltsf k'qx¿df lji0f' xF' . xfdL a|Xdf, lji0f' /
dx]Zj/sf gfdaf6 kl/lrt 5f}“ . a|Xdf ;[hgfsf k|tLs, lji0f' lj:tf/ / kfngstf{ clg dx]z
ljgfzsf k|tLs x'g'x'G5 . lji0f' cl:tTjnfO{ ;XdfNg'x'G5 / kfngstf{sf ¿kdf x'g'x'G5 . oL tLg
gfdnfO{ ;gftgLx¿n] df}lns d"No lbPsf 5g\ . ;gftgL dgLifLx¿n] xhf/f}“ jif{cl3 cl:tTj tLg
lx:;fdf afFl8Psf] kfP . of] cl:tTjdf ;[hgfTds zlQm x'g'kb{5 cGoyf hut\ x'g} ;Sb}g ;fy} of]
;[hgfTds zlQm ;w}“sf nflu x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] hut\df ljgfz ug]{ zlQm klg x'g'kb{5, ta dfq
hut\df ;Gt'ng x'g ;S5 t/ cl:tTjnfO{ ;[hgfdf / ljgfzsf lardf aRg] zlQm klg cfjZos
x'G5 h;n] cl:tTjnfO{ ;XdfNb5 . oL tLg df}lns zlQmsf k|tLs lrq a|Xdf, lji0f' / dx]z x'g\ .
;gftg lrGtgcg';f/ g} ;f/f hut\df tLg zlQmsf] wf/0ff ljsf; eof] . O;fO{ wd{ klg tLg
zlQmnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5, lqd"lt{sf] efjnfO{ O;fO{x¿ :jLsf/ ub{5g\ . oL tLg zlQmljgf cl:tTj x'g
;Sb}g .
clxn] lj1fgn] klg kbfy{sf] ljZn]if0fdf tLg zlQm g} ePsf] yfxf kfof] . k/df0f'sf] lj:kmf]6
jf ljZn]if0f ug]{ lalQs} On]S6«f]g, k|f]6f]g / Go"6«f]g oL tLg cl:tTj kfOG5 . oL tLg zlQmsf sfd
klg a|Xdf, lji0f' / dx]zsf] h:t} 5 . logLx¿df Pp6f lawfos, Pp6f ljgfzs / Pp6f t6:y 5g\
cyf{t\ Pp6fn] ;[hgf ug]{, Pp6fn] ;XDffNg] clg csf{n] ;dfKt ug]{ sfo{ ub{5g\ . xfdLn] wd{sf
b[li6n] log} a|Xdf, lji0f' / dx]znfO{ dfGb} cfPsf 5f}“ / lqd"lt{sf] wf/0ffdf z/L/ Pp6} / lz/ tLg
ePsf] wf/0ff agfPsf 5f}“ . of] o; s'/fsf] ;"rs xf] ls aflx/af6 x]bf{ oL tLg b]lvG5g\ t/ leq oL
tLg Ps g} x'g\ . >Ls[i0f oL tLgdWo] …dÚ lji0f' x'F eGg'x'G5 . ;[hgf / ljgfz Ps If0fdf x'G5 t/
sfnsf] nfdf] lj:tf/ lji0f'sf] xftdf x'G5 . lj/f6\ pmhf{ hf] sfddf lg/Gt/ rflxG5 Tof] dWodf x'G5

nf]suLtf– 438
 cWofo–!)
/ Tof] dWo lji0f' xf] . ;gftg wdf{jNfDaLx¿sf ;a} cjtf/ lji0f'sf cjtf/ x'g\ . O{Zj/ ha k|s6
x'G5, ta pm lji0f'sf] g} ¿k x'G5 . hLjg hGd / d[To'sf] dWodf x'G5 / hGd / d[To' hLjgsf b'O{
lsgf/f x'g\ . To;}n] a|Xdf / lzj lsgf/fdf pkof]uL x'G5g\ t/ hLjgsf] lj:tf/ lji0f'sf] g} lj:tf/
xf] . ;[li6 gx'Fbf dg'io klg gx'g] ePsfn] cjtf/sf] s'g} k|of]hg g} x'Fb}g . ha ;[li6 ljnLg x'G5,
ta klg cjtf/sf] s'g} k|of]hg x'Fb}g lsgeg] ToxfF dg'io g} x'Fb}g . To;}n] Tof] zlQm h;n]
hLjgnfO{ wf/0f ub{5 pxL cjtl/t x'G5 .
;gftgLx¿af6 lgld{t dlGb/x¿df a|Xdfsf] d"lt{ of dlGb/ cToGt yf]/} dfq kfOG5 .
a|Xdfsf] k"hf u/]sf] kfOFb}g lsgeg] ;[hgf eO;s]kl5 a|XdfnfO{ e'Ng ;lsG5 / a|Xdfsf] s'g}
;+:kz{ hLjgdf x'Fb}g . lji0f'sf] k"hf rf/}lt/ /fd, s[i0f / a'4sf] ¿kdf rNb5 / hLjgsf] k|ltkn
;DaGw lji0f';Fu x'G5 . lzjsf dlGb/x¿ / eQmx¿ klg w]/} 5g\ lsgeg] d[To'sf] 36gf 36\g afFsL
5 h'g eljiodf 3l6t x'G5 . d[To' jf k|nosf] 36gf 36\g afFsL 5≤ To;}n] lzj klg ;fy{s x'g'x'G5
/ pxfFsf] k"hfsf] klg clek|fo 5 . ;a}eGbf a9L k"hf lji0f'sf] x'G5 lsgeg] b}lgs hLjg;Fu pxfFsf]
;DaGw x'G5 . lzjsf] k"hf eo / nf]esf] sf/0f x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ lji0f' x'F of]
;XDffNg]jfnf hLjgsf] s]G›Lo tŒj g} …dÚ x'F . of] k|tLs ch{'gnfO{ ;/n x'G5 / pgsf] :d/0fdf klg
cfpg ;S5 . lji0f'sf dfWodaf6 >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ lgs6 5' / k|ltkn ;a}nfO{ …dÚ g} wf/0f
ub{5' . cfpg] hfg] Zjf;df klg …dÚ 5' / /utsf] ultdf klg …dÚ 5' . j[Ifsf] kmqmg] jf kmNg]
k|lqmof klg …dÚ g} x'F . of] hLjgsf] ;f/f cfwf/ h;n] ;f/fnfO{ ;Xdfn]sf] 5 Tof] …dÚ g} x'F .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Hof]ltx¿df …dÚ ls/0fjfnf ;"o{ x'F . h;/L kbfy{sf] cflv/L PsfO
k/df0f'nfO{ dflgG5 To:t} xfdLn] ;d:t cl:tTjnfO{ Wofgdf /fVof}“ eg] ;"o{ ;a}eGbf ;fgf] PsfO
xf] . /flt b]lvg] s'g} klg tf/f tf/f xf]Ogg\, oL ;a} ;"o{ x'g\ / xfdLn] b]Vg] ;"o{eGbf w]/} 7'nf ;"o{
x'g\ . xfd|f] ;"o{ cfsf/sf] cfwf/df dWod juL{o dfq xf] . cfsf/df xfd|f] ;"o{ k[YjLeGbf ^) xhf/
u'0ff 7'nf] 5 t/ c¿ dxfg\ ;"o{x¿sf] t'ngfdf pm s]xL klg xf]Og . tf/fx¿;Fu xfd|f] b"/L w]/} 6f9f
ePsfn] xfdLn] pgLx¿sf] ljzfn ¿k b]Vb}gf}F .
k[YjLaf6 ;"o{ls/0fsf] /ˆtf/n] g} ;"o{lt/sf] ofqf u¥of}F eg] klg xfdLnfO{ ;"o{;Dd k'Ug sl/a
gf} ldg]6 nfU5 . clxn] xfdL;Fu ePsf] ultsf cfwf/df rNof}“ eg] s}og\ hGd ofqf u/] klg xfdL
ToxfF k'Ug ;Sb}gf}“ . ;"o{sf ls/0fn] Ps ;]s]G8df ! nfv *^ xhf/ dfOnsf] /ˆtf/df ofqf ub{5g\ .
olb xfdLn] ;a}eGbf glhssf] tf/flt/ ofqf ug{ rfXof}F / ;"o{sf] ultdf ofqf u¥of}F eg] ;a}eGbf
glhssf] tf/fsxfF k'Ug ;f9] rf/ jif{ nfU5 . xfdL ;"o{sf] rfnaf6 rNg ;Sb}gf}F lsgeg] Tof] ultdf
s'g} klg lrh rNg] lalQs} Tof] ;"o{sf] ls/0f aGb5 . olQsf] ultdf rNg] s'g} klg s'/f cfuf] x'G5
/ ls/0fdf nLg x'G5 . Tof] ultdf ofqf ug{ ;Dej g} 5}g t/ olb eof] eg] klg lgs6td tf/f hf]
lj/f6\ ;"o{ xf], ToxfF;Dd k'Ug xfdLnfO{ ;f9] rf/ jif{ nfU5 . of] t lgs6td ;"o{ xf] To;eGbf klg
k/ w]/} ;"o{x¿ 5g\, h;nfO{ xfdL k[YjLaf6 tf/f h:tf b]V5f}+ . j}1flgsx¿n] o:tf rf/ c/a
;"o{x¿ kQf nufPsf 5g\ / of] klg cGt xf]Og / of] xfd|f] vf]hsf] ;Ldf dfq xf] . cl:tTjsf] ;Ldf
g} 5}g . oL ;"o{x¿df s}of}“ ;"o{x¿ t o:tf klg 5g\ h;sf] ls/0f xfdL;Dd cfOk'Ug c/af}“ jif{
nfU5 . s]xL o:tf klg ;"o{ 5g\, h;sf] ls/0f clxn] ev{/ xfdL;dIf cfOk'u]sf] 5 / Tof] ;"o{n]
k[YjLsf] pTklQsf] ;dodf ofqf ;''? u/]sf] lyof] . k[YjL ag]sf] rf/ c/a jif{ eO;s]sf] 5 . rf/
c/a jif{cl3 rn]sf] ;"o{ls/0f k|lt;]s]G8 ! nfv *^ xhf/ dfOnsf] ultdf rn]/ ev{/ k[YjLdf
tf/fsf] ¿kdf k|s6 ePsf] 5 . ca t j}1flgs eG5g\– cl:tTjsf] lj:tf/sf] s'g} cGt g} 5}g . oL

nf]suLtf– 439
cWofo–!)
;"o{x¿ hf] tf/fsf] ¿kdf /flqdf k[YjLaf6 b]lvG5g\ lognfO{ Wofgdf /fVg] xf] eg] xfd|f] ;"o{ Pp6f
PsfO dfq xf] / of] lj/f6\nfO{ xfdL ;"o{af6 tf}lng ;S5f}“ .
Ps Ps ;"o{sf] cfˆgf] ;f}o{ kl/jf/ 5 . k[YjL, rG›df, dËn, a'w, a[x:klt, z'qm, zlg cflb
Pp6f ;"o{sf kl/jf/ x'g\ . j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– of] ;a} ;"o{af6 g} hlGdPsf] xf] / of] ;a} ;"o{sf] g}
6'qmf xf] . Pp6f ;"o{ gi6 x'Fbf p;sf] ;f/f kl/jf/ gi6 x'G5 / Pp6f ;"o{ hlGdFbf p;sf] ;f/f
kl/jf/ hlGdG5 . h'g lbg xfd|f] ;"o{ gi6 x'G5, Tof] lbg xfd|f] ;"o{sf] kl/jf/ gi6 x'G5 . ha Pp6f
;"o{ sxLF ljgfz x'G5, ta tTsfn csf]{ ;"o{ sxLF hlGdG5 lsgeg] p;af6 lg:s]sf] ;f/f ls/0f
csf]{ ;"o{df ¿kfGtl/t x'G5 . xfd|f] ;"o{n] xfdLnfO{ rf/ ca{ jif{b]lv k|sfz lbO/x]sf] 5 / p;sf]
k|sfz b}lgs 36\b} 5 . j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– casf] rf/ xhf/ jif{df xfd|f] ;"o{sf] cfo' ;lsG5 cyf{t\
;"o{ lr;f] x'G5 / ;a} s'/fsf ;fy} xfd|f] ;f}o{kl/jf/ ;dfKt x'G5 . tTsfn ;f/f ls/0f Pslqt x'G5g\
/ gofF ;"o{nfO{ ;f/f k|sfz lbG5g\ . o;k|sf/ gofF ;"o{kl/jf/ lgld{t x'g] 5 . h;/L Pp6f JolQm
dg{'eGbf cl3 p;n] cfˆgf ;Gtfg hGdfP/ pQ/flwsf/ k|bfg u5{ To:t} ;"o{x¿ klg db{5g\ / gofF
;"o{nfO{ hGd ldN5 . of] lj/f6\sf] Joj:yfdf xfd|f] ;"o{ ;a}eGbf ;fgf] s'/f xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
Hof]ltx¿df …dÚ ls/0fjfnf ;"o{ x'F . of] lj/f6\sf] b[li6df ;"o{ ;fgf] s'/f xf] t/ xfd|f] cg'ej /
ch{'gsf] hfGg] cg'ejdf ;"o{ ;a}eGbf 7''nf] s'/f xf] . xfdLn] cg'ej ug]{ s'/fdf ;"o{ ;a}eGbf 7'nf]
36gf xf] t/ cl:tTjsf] b[li6df ;"o{ ;a}eGbf ;fgf] s'/f xf] . s[i0fn] cfˆgflt/af6 eGg'ePsf] eP
ch{'gn] a'‰b}gy] . To;}n] s[i0f ch{'gsf] b[li6n] atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . s[i0fsf nflu ;a}eGbf ;fgf] s'/f
ch{'gsf nflu ;a}eGbf 7'nf] s'/f xf] .
dflg; c1fgtf / ca'emsf] sf/0f cfkm"nfO{ s]G› dfGb5 . cl:tTj cToGt lj/f6\ 5 t/ of]
lj/f6\ cl:tTjsf] s'/f ch{'gsf] a'emfOdf cfpg ;Sb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ ;d:t
Hof]ltx¿df ls/0fjfnf ;"o{ x'F . ;"o{ w]/} wd{x¿sf nflu k/dfTdfsf] k|tLs /x]sf] 5 . xfd|f]
cg'ejdf ;"o{ ;a}eGbf k|sfzjfg\, k|f0fsf] s]G› / ;d:t hLjgsf] cfwf/ xf] . To;}n] xhf/f}“ jif{
cl3b]lv h'g;'s} ;Eotfdf klg ;"o{nfO{ gd:sf/ ug]{ k|rgn lyof] . ;"o{ k[YjLel/ g} k/dfTdfsf]
k|tLs ag]sf] 5 / Tof] k|tLsaf6 xfdLx¿ ;–;fgf k|tLs agfpF5f}“ . cfuf] klg k/dfTdfsf] k|tLs
aGof] lsgeg] cfuf] klg ;"o{sf] c+z xf] . ca t j}1flgs klg eGb5g\– ljB't\ g} hLjg xf] . hLjg
xfd|f] clUg;Fu g} hf]l8Psf] 5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ;"o{df g/f]lsO{ To;eGbf dflysf] ofqf ug{ ;s"g\
eg]/ a'emfpg O;f/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . s[i0fsf] o; sygsf cfwf/df ;gftgLx¿n] ;"o{sf] k"hf ug{
yfn] t/ af}4 / h}gx¿n] o;sf] lj/f]w u/] . pgLx¿n] ;"o{sf] k"hfsf] s'g} cy{ 5}g lsgeg] k/dfTdf
t ;"o{eGbf ct'ngLo ¿kdf lj/f6\ 5 eg] t/ k/dfTdf k|fKt ug]{ k|fylds r/0fdf ;"o{sf] pkf;gf
pkof]uL x'G5 . s'g} klg k|tLs hlt;'s} ;fgf] eP klg k/dfTdfsf] k|tLs aGg ;Sof] eg] JolQm
dfly p7\g yfN5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ gdfGg'eGbf s'g} klg s'/fnfO{ O{Zj/ dfGg' /fd|f] x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– jfo'b]jtfdf …dÚ d/Llr x'F . …dÚ ;a}eGbf tLj| ultjfnf jfo'sf] b]jtf x'F /
gIfqdf gIfqx¿sf clwklt rG›df x'F . oL ;a} k|tLs x'g\ hf] >]i7 5g\, s[i0f Tot}lt/ O;f/f ub}{
x'g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ j]bx¿df ;fdj]b x'F, b]jtfdf OG›, OlG›odf dg, clg k|f0fLdf r]tgf
cyf{t\ 1fg x'F . xfdLnfO{ nfU5 s[i0fn] …dÚ CUj]b x'F eGg'kg]{ xf] . CUj]b k|yd / ;jf{lws d"Nosf]
j]b dflgG5 t/ s[i0fn] lsg cfkm"nfO{ ;fdj]b eGg'ePsf] xf]nf < s[i0fsf] rogsf] sf/0f zf:q hfGg]
kl08tx¿nfO{ 7'nf] sl7gfO ePsf] 5 . j:t'tM of] CUj]b / ;fdj]bsf] k|Zg geP/ ch{'gnfO{ b[li6df
/fv]/ g} s[i0fn] atfpg' ePsf] xf] . of] 5gf]6df s[i0fsf] JolQmTjsf] klg ;jfn 5 / pxfFsf]
JolQmTjdf klg ;fdj]b g} >]i7 nfUb5 . s[i0fsf] tfbfTDo ;fdj]b;Fu g} a9L 5 .

nf]suLtf– 440
 cWofo–!)
;fdj]b ;ËLt Pjd\ uLtsf] j]b xf], kfl08To / l;4fGtsf] xf]Og . s[i0fsf] JolQmTj ul0ft /
lj1fgeGbf Hofbf ;ËLt / uLtk"0f{ 5 . s[i0fnfO{ xfdL ljgf afF;'/Lsf] ;f]Rg klg ;Sb}gf}“ / afF;'/L
s[i0fsf] cGtd{gsf] k|tLs xf] . s[i0fn] cfkm"nfO{ j]bx¿df ;fdj]b dfGg' ;fy{s 5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– zAb, l;4fGt / zf:q …dÚ xf]Og uLt, ;ËLt, g[To / no …dÚ x'F . hLjgsf] k/d/x:o
l;4fGtaf6 xn x'Fb}g lsgeg] l;4fGtn] emg\ b"/L a9fpF5 . of] t hLjgsf] tNnLgtfaf6 dfq ;Dej
x'G5 . ;fdj]b tNnLgtfsf] zf:q xf] . To;}n] s[i0fn] CUj]b gegL ;fdj]b eGg'ePsf] xf] . ;fdj]bdf
s[i0fsf] cfˆgf] u'0fsf] klg emns 5 / ch{'gn] o;nfO{ a'‰g ;S5g\ . ch{'g s'g} ts{zf:qL xf]Ogg\
pgL Pp6f of]4f x'g\ . of]4f klg o'4sf] ;3gtfdf o;/L 8'A5 h;/L sf]xL ;ËLt1 cfˆgf] ;ËLtdf
8'A5, h:tf] sf]xL gt{s cfˆgf] g[Todf 8'A5 . ha s'g} of]4f t/jf/;Fu Psa4 x'G5, ta pm of]4f
geP/ t/jf/ dfq x'G5 . o'4sf] cfˆg} ;ËLt, sfJo / noa4tf 5 .
ch{'gnfO{ ;fdj]b a'‰g ;lhnf] x'G5 lsgeg] pgsf] z/L/ klg s'g} gt{s h:tf] g} nlrnf]
5 . ch{'g uLt, ;ËLt, g[TonfO{ a'‰g ;Sb5g\ / o'4sf] g[TonfO{ pgL s'zntfk"j{s hfGb5g\ .
hLjgsf] ulx/f] sfJosf] pgnfO{ cg'ej 5 lsgeg] hLjg cfˆgf] k"/f k|uf9tfdf o'4sf] d}bfgdf
dfq k|s6 x'G5 hxfF d[To' k|ltkn x'G5, ToxfF JolQm k"/f ;hutfdf df}h'b x'G5 . s[i0f ch{'gnfO{
;DemfpFb} x'g'x'G5, ltd|f] :jefj Iflqosf] xf] / ltdL hLjgsf] k/d pTsif{ sxLFaf6 kfpF5f} eg] Tof]
o'4af6 dfq kfpg] 5f} . efu]/ t ltdL lvof nfu]sf] Joy{sf] z:q h:tf] x'G5f} . ltdL csf{sf] wd{sf]
vf]hL ub}{ 5f} t/ k/wd{af6 ltdL cfˆgf] lgoltnfO{ kfpg ;Sb}gf} . ltdL o'4af6 g} ;Tosf] uxg
If0fdf pknAw x'g] 5f} lsgeg] oxL ltd|f] lgolt xf] . rf/}lt/ d[To' plePsf] cj:yfdf ljgf s'g}
eon] ha ltdL ;ª\3if{df /t eP/ o'4df Wofg:y x'g] 5f}, ta ToxL ulx/fOdf ltdL ;dflwdf k'Ug]
5f} . ltdL hËndf uP/ ;GGof;L x'Fb}df Tof] WofgnfO{ a'‰g ;Sb}gf} .
>Ls[i0feGbf ulx/fOdf k'u]/ JolQmnfO{ p;sf] k|sf/af6 k|uf9tfk"j{s hfGg] JolQm kfpg}
;lsF+b}g . ;gftg lrGtgdf JolQmx¿sf] :jefj xhf/f}“ jif{b]lv rf/ k|sf/df afFl8Psf] 5 hf] cGo
s'g} wd{ / ljrf/df kfOFb}g . JolQmsf k|sf/sf] ljefhg ;gftgLx¿n] k|frLg ;dob]lv ub}{ cfPsf]
j}1flgs Joj:yf xf] h;sf cfwf/df hLjg ;~rfng u/]df ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . cfˆgf]
:jefjeGbf s'g} klg csf]{ dfu{af6 uP/ p;n] b'v dfq kfpF5 . cfh k[YjLdf ePsf uxgtd b'vsf]
sf/0f ul/aL xf]Og lsgeg] ul/aL ;bf lyof] ;fy} b'vsf] sf/0f :jf:Yo klg xf]Og lsgeg] cfh
c:j:Yftf sd x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . To:t} b'vsf] sf/0f clzIff klg xf]Og lsgeg] clzIff cfh Go"gtd
aGb} 5 . b'vsf] d'Vo sf/0f JolQmn] cfˆgf] k|sf/ cg';f/sf] hLjg ;~rfng gug{' xf] . cfh s'g}
klg JolQmnfO{ p;sf] k|sf/sf af/]df yfxf 5}g . cfˆgf] k|sf/ g} yfxf geO{ pm cfˆgf] uGtJo vf]Hb}
5 . To;}n] ha cfˆgf] uGtJo kfpFb}g, ta JolQm b'v / kL8fdf x'G5 .
JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] k|sf/ yfxf ePkl5 c;kmntf g} xft k/] klg pm ;Gt'i6 x'g ;S5 . cfˆgf]
:jefj / lgolt cg';f/sf] 3/df rNg kfP Tof] p;sf nflu t[lKtbfos x'G5 t/ csf{sf] wfddf k'u]
klg t[lKt x'Fb}g lsgeg] t[lKtsf] ;DaGw JolQm;Fu x'G5, uGtJo jf wfd;Fu xf]Og . ha JolQm
uGtJo jf wfddf noa4 x'G5 clg dfq t[lKt k|fKt x'G5 . ch{'gsf nflu o'4 g} pgsf] uGtJo jf
wfd xf] . ch{'gn] of] k|tLs a'‰g klg ;S5g\ / s[i0fsf] klg ;ËLt;Fusf] lgs6td / cb\e't ;DaGw
ePsf] sf/0fn] pxfFn] …dÚ j]bx¿df ;fdj]b x'F eGg'ePsf] xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ ;d:t
Wjlgx¿df noa4tf x'F . …dÚ ;d:t Wjlgdf / zAbdf ;ËLt x'F . s'g} klg zAb / Wjlgdf hxfF
;ËLt x'G5 ToxfF …dÚ df}h'b x'G5' .

nf]suLtf– 441
cWofo–!)
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ b]jx¿df OG› x'F / OlG›ox¿df dg x'F . ;fwf/0ftof xfdL OlG›ox¿ /
dg cnu 7fGb5f}+ . To;}n] xfdL kfFr OlG›o eG5f}+ / dgnfO{ OlG›oeGbf cnu 7fGb5f}“ . s[i0fsf]
lx;fan] dflg;sf kfFr xf]Og 5 OlG›o x'G5g\ . dg klg Pp6f OlG›o xf] . ;"Id / >]i7 OlG›o dg
xf] . cfFvfn] b]V5, sfgn] ;'G5, xftn] :kz{ u5{, gfsaf6 uGw / lha|f]af6 :jfb cfpF5 . oL ;f/f
OlG›ox¿n] ug]{ sfd x'g\ . OlG›ox¿af6 hf] Pslqt Pjd\ Ps;fy x'G5 To;sf] gfd dg xf] . dg
;a} OlG›ox¿sf] ;ª\u|x xf] . cfFvfn] x]5{ / sfgn] ;'G5 t/ dgn] s;nfO{ x]g]{ / s;nfO{ ;'Gg] eg]/
to u5{ . cfFvfn] s]jn b]Vg ;S5 t/ h;nfO{ d b]lv/x]sf] 5' pm g} af]ln/x]sf] 5 eg]/ to ug{
;Sb}g . To:t} sfgnfO{ klg h;nfO{ d ;'lg/x]sf] 5', Tof] cfFvfn] x]l//x]sf] 5 eg]/ yfxf x'Fb}g .
cfFvf / sfgsf lardf s'g} ;]t' x'Fb}g / ;~rf/sf] s'g} dfWod x'Fb}g . sfgn] b]Vg ;Sb}g / cfFvfn]
;'Gg ;Sb}g, To;}n] hf] af]ln/x]sf] 5 To;}nfO{ b]lv/x]sf] 5 eg]/ dgaf6 dfq hfGg ;lsG5 . kfFr
OlG›o cnu–cnu 5g\ / kfFr} OlG›o cnu–cnu ePdf JolQmleq s'g} klg 1fgsf] 36gf 36\g}
;Sb}g . of] kfFr} OlG›o cnu cnu lbzfdf hfG5g\ / o;nfO{ hf]8]/ ;dGjo ug]{ sfd dgsf] xf] .
dg OlG›ox¿sf] hf]8 xf] . ;f/f OlG›ox¿ cfˆgf] cg'ejnfO{ dgdf kf]lvlbG5g\ / dgn]
To;nfO{ ;+o'Qm u/]/ hDdf u/L ;+of]hg ub{5 . kfFr} OlG›osf] s]G›Lo OlG›o dg xf] / dg rf}af6f]
xf] . dgaf6 cfFvfn] x]5{, sfgaf6 ;'G5, xftn] 5'G5 cyf{t\ OlG›on] cfˆgf] cfˆgf] sfd ub{5g\ .
;f/f ;+j]bgf dgnfO{ pknAw x'G5 / dgn] To;nfO{ PsLs[t ¿kdf hf]8\5 . To;}n] dg klg
OlG›osf] Ps lx:;f xf] . Pp6f OlG›o ;dfKt eof] eg] dg sdhf]/ x'G5 . cfFvf gb]Vg] eof] eg]
dg sdhf]/ eP/ dgsf] ;DklQ sd x'G5 . kfFr} OlG›onfO{ x6fOof] eg] dg tTsfn d'bf{ x'G5 . dg
OlG›oljgf afFRg ;Sb}g / OlG›o klg dgljgf afFRg ;Sb}g . dg a]xf]; eof] eg] OlG›on] sfd ug{
;Sb}g . dg ;d:t OlG›ox¿sf] ;f/ xf] . t;y{ >Ls[i0f dgnfO{ klg OlG›o eGg'x'G5 . s[i0fn]
ch{'gnfO{ klxn] …dÚ cfTdf x'F, Åbo x'F elg;Sg' ePsf] 5 . cfTdf / Åbo x'F elg;s] kl5 …dÚ ;d:t
OlG›ox¿df dg x'F eGg'x'G5 . pxfFn] ch'{gnfO{ a'emfpgsf nflu tn em/]/ ;/n k|tLs lbg
nfUg'ePsf] 5 .
>Ls[i0fn] klxn] …dÚ Åbox¿df Åbo clg ;a}sf cfTdfx¿sf] cfTdf x'F eGg'eof] t/ ch{'gn]
cfTdfsf] s'/f a'‰g ;s]gg\ . To;}n] s[i0f pgn] a'‰g] efiffdf atfpg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . ch{'gnfO{ klg
cfTdfsf af/]df xfdLnfO{ hfgsf/L eP h:tf] dfq ePsf] x'g'kb{5 . pgn] zAb t ;'g] t/ s]xL a'‰g
;s]gg\ / s[i0fn] pgsf cfFvfdf x]bf{ s'g} efj p7]sf] gkfPkl5 ca tn em/]/ pgn] a'‰g] efiff
OlG›ox¿df …dÚ dg x'F cyf{t\ >]i7 OlG›o …dÚ x'F eGg'k/]sf] xf] t/ dgleqsf] 1ftf, ›i6f klg
>Ls[i0f g} xf] . Tof] ›i6feGbf leq klg pxfF g} x'g'x'G5 hxfF s]jn z'4 r}tGo dfq z]if /xG5 . s]jn
1fg klg s[i0f g} xf] t/ of] ulx/f] s'/f a'‰g sl7g x'G5 . To;}n] dgsf] s'/f h;nfO{ ch{'g a'‰g
;S5g\, To;nfO{ …dÚ dg x'F eg]/ >Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] xf] . s[i0f clGtd cyf{t\ cå}tdf l:yt
x'g'x'G5 t/ Tof] clGtd cj:yf xf] hf] ch{'gsf] :d/0fdf clxn] cfpg ;Sb}g . To;}n] klxnf] l;F9L
hf] OlG›ox¿dWo] >]i7 dg xf] s[i0fn] ToxLFaf6 a'emfpg ;'? ug{' ePsf] 5 .
>Ls[i0fn] OlG›ox¿df …dÚ dg x'F eGgfn] w]/} JolQmx¿df e|flGt ePsf] 5 t/ of] k|tLs
s[i0fn] dgdf clNemgsf lglDt eGg'ePsf] xf]Og . dgaf6 ;'? u/]/ dgsf] kf/ x'g ;s"g\ eg]/
ch{'gnfO{ eGg'ePsf] xf] . of] s]jn Pp6f O;f/f dfq xf] / To;af6 kf/ x'g >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{
eGg'x'G5– sDtLdf ltdL aflx/sf OlG›oaf6 p7]/ dg;Dd t k'u clg clnslt dfq eP klg leq
k|j]z x'G5 . clnslt leq k|j]z u/]kl5 cem leq k|j]z ug{ ;lsG5 hf] dgeGbf klg leq 5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olt;Dd hfg ls ltdL sfg xf]Ogf} . sfgaf6 h;n] ;'G5, Tof] ltdL xf} . ltdL

nf]suLtf– 442
 cWofo–!)
olt;Dd hfg ls ltdL cfFvf xf]Ogf} . cfFvfaf6 h;n] lrofP/ x]5{ Tof] dg ltdL xf} . ltdLn] olt
hfGof} eg] qmdzM of] klg hfGg ;S5f}– of] dg klg ltdL xf]Ogf} . dgnfO{ h;n] hfGb5 / b]Vb5
Tof] ;fIfLefjnfO{ x]g]{ 1ftf ltdL xf} .
OlG›odf dg x'F eGg] ljlQs} >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 dgeGbf dfly h'g hfGg] Ifdtf r]tgf 5 Tof]
klg …dÚ x'F . tTsfn o:tf] eGgfsf] sf/0f ch{'gnfO{ e|d x'g ;S5 eg]/ xf] . sxLF pgn] cfkm"nfO{
dg g} gdfg"g\ eg]/ eGg'ePsf] xf] . ;+;f/df rf/k|sf/sf JolQmx¿ 5g\– klxnf] hf] cfkm"nfO{ z/L/
g} 7fGb5g\, bf];|f] hf] cfkm"nfO{ dg dfGb5g\, t];|f] hf] cfkm"nfO{ cfTdf eGb5g\ / rf}yf] hf] cfkm"nfO{
k/dfTdf g} hfGb5g\ . clwstd JolQmx¿ cfkm"nfO{ z/L/ g} dfGb5g\, ch{'g klg oxL sf]6Lleq
kb{5g\ . pgnfO{ klg z/L/ g} ;a} s'/f xf] eGg] nflu/x]sf] 5 . To;}n] pgL eGb} 5g\, s;/L d
cfkmGtx¿nfO{ sf6F" / d of] kfksf] ef/ s;/L lnpmF . pgL z/L/nfO{ g} hLjg dfGb} 5g\ . leqsf]
cl:tTj h;nfO{ t/jf/n] sf6\g ;lsGg To;sf af/]df ch{'gnfO{ s'g} hfgsf/L g} 5}g . To;}n]
>Ls[i0fn] OlG›o cyf{t\ z/L/df …dÚ dg x'F eGg'ePsf] xf] . ch{'g sxLF dg g} ;a} s'/f xf] egL
gclNdlno"g\ eg]/ tTIf0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ r]tgf x'F. r]tgfsf] cy{ xf] h;åf/f xfdL hfGb5f}“ / xfdL
af]wn] el/G5f}“ . r]tgf Tof] xf] h;åf/f ;a} s'/f hflgG5 t/ p;nfO{ s;}n] klg hfGg ;Sb}g . xfdL
;a} s'/fnfO{ hut\df 1]o agfpg ;S5f}“ t/ s]jn xf];\, r]tgf dfq 1]o aGg ;Sb}g . r]tgf eGbf
k5fl8 x6\g ;lsF+b}g To;}n] r]tgf xfd|f] :jefj xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– r]tgf, r}tGo / 1fgsf] zlQm …dÚ x'F . >Ls[i0fn] lji0f', ;"o{af6 ;'?
ug{'eof] clg tn OlG›o / dgsf af/]df atfpg'eof] To;sf k5fl8 cToGt df}lns ;"q ch{'gnfO{
lbg'eof] / eGg'eof]– …dÚ r]tgf x'F . h;n] …dÚ r]tgf x'F eg]/ hfGb5 p;n] hfGg'kg]{ s'/f ;a}
hfGof] . xfdLleq ;a}eGbf ulx/f]df n's]sf] :yfg r}tGosf] xf] . To;}n] xfdL k/dfTdfsf] nIf0fdf
;Tf\–lrTf\–cfgGb eGb5f}“ . r}tGonfO{ xfdLn] k/dfTdfsf] s]G›df /fv]sf 5f}“ . pm ;'?df ;To 5 clg
lardf r}tGo 5 / cGtdf cfgGb 5 . ;Tosf] vf]h u¥of}“ eg] r}tGo pknAw x'G5 / r}tGodf
:yflkt eof] eg] cfgGb xfd|f] :jefj x'G5 . xfdL a]xf];df g} ;a} s'/f u/]/ afFR5f}“ . To;}n] of]
a]xf];Ldf Tof] r}tGo kfpg sl7g x'G5 . o;sf nflu r]i6f cfjZos 5 . xfdLn] vfFbf, lxF8\bf, af]Nbf
/ ;a} s'/f ubf{ xf];k"0f{ 9Ën] u¥of}“ eg] Tof] r}tGo hf] x]l//x]sf] 5, p;nfO{ z/L/eGbf leGg hfGg
;lsG5 .
¿b|f0ff+ zÍ/Zrfl:d ljQ]zf] oIf/If;fd\ .
j;"gf+ kfjsZrfl:d d]?M lzvl/0ffdxd\ ..@#..
;d:t ?›x¿df zÍ/, oIf / /fIf;x¿df …dÚ wgsf] clwklt s'a]/ x'F≤ ci6j;'df ;a}nfO{ kljq
ug]{ clUg / ;Dk"0f{ kj{tx¿df …dÚ ;'d]? x'F ..
k'/f]w;f+ r d'Vo+ df+ ljl4 kfy{ a[x:kltd\ .
;]gfgLgfdx+ :sGbM ;/;fdl:d ;fu/M ..@$..
x] kfy{ Û ljz]if u/L k'/f]lxtx¿df dnfO{ a[x:klt hfg, ;a} ;]gfkltx¿df d :jfdL sflt{s]o /
hnfzox¿df …dÚ ;fu/ x'F ..
dxifL{0ff+ e[u'/x+ lu/fd:Do]sdIf/d\ .
o1fgf+ hko1f]˜l:d :yfj/f0ff+ lxdfnoM ..@%..
dxlif{x¿df …dÚ e[u' x',F jf0fLx¿df lbJo Wjlg PsfIf/ ç x',F o1x¿df …dÚ hko1 / ;d:t
crn j:t' cyf{t\ l:y/ j:t'x¿df …dÚ lxdfno x'F ..

nf]suLtf– 443
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cgGtsf k|tLsx¿ klg cgGt g} x'G5g\ . hf] ;a}lt/ 5 p;nfO{ O;f/fn] hxfFaf6 klg hfGg
;lsG5 . s[i0fn] cl3Nnf Znf]sx¿df s]xL k|tLsx¿ atfP/ ch{'gnfO{ 5nfª nufpg ;Sg] k|of;
ug{'eof] . oL Znf]sdf cgGtlt/sf] ofqf xf];\ eg]/ gofF k|tLsx¿af6 k|of; ug{'ePsf] 5 .
clxn];Ddsf k|tLsx¿n] ch{'gsf] Åbodf s'g} kl/jt{g ePsf] gkfPkl5 s[i0f gofF k|tLsx¿åf/f
atfpg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û …dÚ Psfbz ?›x¿df zÍ/ x'F . oIf /
/fIf;x¿df …dÚ wgsf] :jfdL s'a]/ x'F . ci6j;'df clUg / kj{tx¿df …dÚ ;'d]? kj{t x'F . cl3Nnf]
Znf]sdf pxfFn] …dÚ lji0f' x'F eGg'ePsf] lyof] . lji0f' hLjgsf] k|tLs xf] / hLjgnfO{ ;XdfNg] /
kfngf ug]{df pxfF g} ;|f]t x'g'x'G5 . o; Znf]sdf >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 …dÚ Psfbz ?›x¿df zÍ/ x'F .
zÍ/ d[To', ljgfz / k|nosf k|tLs x'g'x'G5 .
;f/f k[YjLdf lxGb"x¿n] lzjnfO{ d[To'sf] k|tLs cyf{t\ hLjgsf] cGtsf b]jtf dfg]sf 5g\ .
d[To' hLjgsf] kl/k"0f{tf xf] . xfdLnfO{ kf/nf}lss hLjgsf af/]df s]xL yfxf gePsfn] d[To'nfO{
hLjgsf] zq' eG7fG5f}“ cGoyf d[To' zq' xf]Og, ldq xf] / d[To' hLjgsf] cGfGo lx:;f xf] . To;}n]
ljgfz ;[hgfsf] ljk/Lt xf]Og ljgfz / ;[hgf Pp6} 36gfsf b'O{ 5]p dfq x'g\ . Pp6f afnssf]
hGd x'g] lalQs} p;sf] d[To' klg k|f/De x'G5 . xfdL k|ltkn dl//x]sf 5f}“ / d[To'sf] glhs k'Ub}
5f}“ . afnsn] hGd lng]lalQs} lng] klxnf] Zjf;df p;sf] hLjgsf] k"/f Zjf;dWo] Ps Zjf; sd
x'G5 . To;}n] hGdsf] If0f d[To'sf] klg If0f xf] . d[To' hGdsf] ;xufldgL xf] lsgeg] d[To' geP hGd
x'g} ;Sb}g . To;}n] hGd / d[To' b'O{ xf]Ogg\ .
ch{'gsf] dg d[To'af6 eoeLt 5 . ch{'g rf/}lt/ d[To' g} b]lv/x]sf 5g\ / cfkmGt,
kl/hgx¿sf] d[To'af6 pgL eoeLt 5g\ . pgL cfkmGtnfO{ df/]/ kfpg] /fHosf] s] k|of]hg eg]/
ljnfk ub}{ 5g\ . s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ …dÚ hLjgsf] b]jtf eg]sf] s'/fdf pgn] Wofg glbPsfn] >Ls[i0f
ca pgnfO{ …dÚ ?›x¿df zÍ/ x'F / d[To' / dxfljgfz klg …dÚ g} x'F eGg'x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ dg{af6
eo x'g] x'gfn] xfdL ;[hgf ug]{ k/dfTdfn] ljgfz klg u5{ eGg cK7\of/f] dfG5f}“ t/ h;n] agfpF5
p;n] g} d]6fpF5 . hxfF aGg] lqmof x'G5, ToxLF gfz x'g] lqmof klg x'G5 . ;[hgf / ;+xf/ Pp6}
k|lqmofsf cË x'g\ . ;d:t ljgfzn] gofF ;[hgfsf] cj;/ k|bfg u5{ . ltdL ljgfz;Fu cyf{t\
d[To';Fu eoeLt gxf]pm lsgeg] ltdL d[To' / ljgfz b'j}df dnfO{ b]Vg ;S5f} lsgeg] Tof] ljgfzsf]
clGtd zlQm klg …dÚ g} x'F eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 .
h;/L JolQmsf] hLjgdf d[To' 3l6t x'G5 To:t} ;[li6sf] klg hLjgdf ljgfz jf k|no x'G5 .
h;/L Ps Ps JolQm hlGdG5g\ / d5{g\, To;/L g} ;[li6 klg hlGdG5 / d5{ . Pp6f afns
hlGdG5, hjfg x'G5 clg a'9f] eO{ d[To'nfO{ j/0f u/]/ Pp6f rqm k"/f u5{ clg km]l/ d[To'kl5
hGdsf] k|lqmof ;'? x'G5 / o;/L g} hLjgsf] qmd rln/xG5 . ;gftgL lrGtsx¿ hLjg j[Qfsf/ 5
eGb5g\– hGdkl5 afns, hjfg clg a'9f] eP/ d[To' x'G5 km]l/ ToxL j[Qfsf/ rqm rln/xG5 .
To;}n] afns / a'9fsf] :jefjdf ;dfgtf kfOG5 . of] ;d:t ;[li6 g} jt{'nfsf/ 5 / ult klg
jt{'nfsf/ x'G5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ ;+;f/ elgPsf] xf] . ;+;f/sf] cy{ 3'Dg] rqm xf] . hf] of] rqmdf
kml;/xG5 pm 3'd]sf] 3'd} dfq x'G5, af/Daf/ hGd / d[To'sf] rqmdf kl//xG5 . hf] of] rqmaf6
km8\sf] df/]/ ;f+;fl/s rqmaf6 lg:sg ;S5 pxL d'Qm x'G5 . h;/L hGdkl5 d[To' x'G5 To;/L g}
d[To'kl5 k'gM hGd x'G5 . h:tf] JolQmsf] hLjgdf jt{'nfsf/ Joj:yf 5 To:t} Joj:yf lj/f6\
cl:tTjsf] klg x'G5 .
;+;f/df hGdg'nfO{ ;[li6 elgG5 eg] d[To'nfO{ ljgfz jf k|no dflgG5 . k"/f ;+;f/ k|nokl5
km]l/ hlGdG5 / ofqfdf lgl:sG5 . d[To' cGt xf]Og of] t s]jn Ps uxg lj>fd xf] . lbge/ d]xgt

nf]suLtf– 444
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u/]kl5 /flt xfdL ;'T5f}“ / lg›f klg cNksfnLg d[To' xf] . lbge/ sfd u/]/ /flt ;'t]kl5 laxfg
k'gM tfhf eP/ sfdsf nflu tof/ x'G5f}“ jf k'ghL{ljt x'G5f}“ . b}lgs laxfg gofF hLjg kfpgsf
nflu /flt dg{ h?/L x'G5 . xfdL Zjf; ha leq tfG5f}“, Tof] xfd|f] hLjgsf nflu x'G5 / Zjf; ha
aflx/ ˆofS5f}“ ta Tof] d[To'sf] x'G5 . Ps Ps Zjf;;Fu hGd / d[To'sf] ;DaGw hf]l8Psf] x'G5 .
Ps–Ps Zjf;df hGd / d[To' tyf lbgdf hLjg / /ftdf d[To' eP h:t} hLjgdf klg hGd / d[To'
/ hut\df klg ;[li6 / k|no To;/L g} rln/xG5 . d[To' csf]{ gofF hLjgsf nflu uxg lj>fd xf] .
hLjg ysfg xf] / d[To' lj>fd xf] . To:t} hLjg >d / tgfj xf] clg d[To' lj>fd / lj/fd xf] .
xfdL dfq yfSb}gf}“ of] lj/f6\ ljZj klg yfS5 . xfdL dfq a'9f] x'Fb}gf}“, kxf8, k[YjL, ;"o{ klg a'9f]
x'G5 . xfdL dfq xf]Og, kxf8, k[YjL, ;"o{ klg d5{g\ . o; hut\df ePsf ;Dk"0f{ s'/f hLjg /
d[To'df kl/e|d0f ul/xG5g\ .
>Ls[i0fn] eGg'eof]– ?›df …dÚ zÍ/ x'F hf] d[To' / ljgfzsf b]jtf x'g\ . d[To' hLjgsf
ljk/Lt 5}g eg]/ s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ;Demfpg rfxg'x'G5 . ltdL hLjg / d[To'nfO{ cnu u/]/ x]5f}{,
To;/L ul/g] ljefhg e|flGt dfq xf] . hLjge/ >d u/]kl5 ysfg x'G5 clg lj>fd rflxG5 . d[To'
Tof] lj>fd xf] / …dÚ ToxL lj>fd x'F≤ To;}n] ltdL d[To';Fu eoeLt gxf]pm . ltdL of] d[To' x'G5 eg]/
klg g;f]r lsgeg] ltdLaf6 g hLjg x'G5 g d[To' g} x'g ;S5 . hGdsf nflu dftf–lktfnfO{
k|s[ltn] Pp6f dfu{sf] ¿kdf pkof]u u5{ / hLjg k/dfTdfn] lbG5 . xfdL ;|i6f xf]Ogf}+ s]jn
pks/0f dfq xf}“ . >Ls[i0f eGb} x'g'x'G5– hLjg klg ltdLåf/f cfpFb}g Tof] …dÚ af6 g} cfpF5 / d[To'
klg …dÚ af6 g} cfpF5 . ltdL s;}nfO{ dfg{ ;Sb}gf} / ltdL s]jn Ps dfWod dfq xf} . ltdL stf{
xf]Ogf} ltdL lgldQ dfq xf} / oxL s'/f hfg]/ Joy{df b'vL gag . s[i0fsf] ;f/f lzIffsf] ;f/ Ps
zAbdf eGg'k¥of] eg] JolQm Pp6f pks/0f dfq xf] Tof] eGbf Hofbf xf]Og . hLjgsf] lj/f6\ zlQmn]
ha leq sfd u5{, ta JolQmnfO{ ;fwg agfpF5 . To;}n] x] ch{'g Û ltdL s;}nfO{ dfg{ klg ;Sb}gf}
lsgeg] hGd / d[To'nfO{ …dÚ to u5{' . h;nfO{ hlxn] / hxfF d[To'j/0f ug{'k5{ Tof] d}n] klxn] g}
lglZrt ul/;s]sf] x'G5' .
zÍ/nfO{ xfdLn] d[To' / ljgfzsf b]jtf dfg]sf 5f}“ t/ zÍ/sf] JolQmTjnfO{ d[To';Fu hf]8\g
klg sl7g nfU5 . zÍ/nfO{ xfdLn] gfRb} u/]sf] g6/fhsf] ¿kdf klg :jLsf/ u/]sf 5f}“ . pxfFnfO{
Pp6f dxfg\ k|]dLsf ¿kdf klg j0f{g u/]sf 5f}“ . ;tLb]jLsf] d[To' ePkl5 zÍ/ eujtL ;tLb]jLsf]
lghL{j z/L/nfO{ lnP/ afx| jif{;Dd ;+;f/df 3'ld/xg'eof] . zÍ/sf] nufj / k|]d olt ulx/f] lyof]
ls pxfFn] b]jLnfO{ sfFwdf af]s]/ pgnfO{ arfpgsf nflu e8\ls/xg'eof] . afx| jif{;Dd ;tLb]jLsf]
Tof] z/L/ ;8\b} uof] / Ps Ps cË emb}{ uP . hxfF hxfF pxfFsf cËx¿ em/] TfL zlQmkL7sf] ¿kdf
ljsl;t eP . d[To' / ljgfzsf b]jtfsf] hLjgk|lt oqf] cf;lQm / df]x Psflt/ kfOG5 eg] csf{lt/
zÍ/ g[Tosf b]jtf g6/fhsf] ¿kdf a8f] /;k"0f{ JolQmTj ePsf] kfOG5 . pxfFsf] ?vf] / pbf;
JolQmTj 5}g . d[To'sf b]jtfdf hLjgk|lt oqf] /fu x'g' lj/f]wfef; k|tLt x'G5 t/ of] lj/f]wL 5}g .
hxfF /fusf] Ifdtf x'G5 ToxLF lj/fu / d[To'sf] Ifdtf klg x'G5 . xfdL leqsf] jf;gf g} d[To' klg
xf] . xfd|f] sfdjf;gf k"/f ;dfKt ePdf d[To'sf] eo klg ;dfKt x'G5 . ha xfdL hLjg k|s6 ug{
sfdjf;gfsf] dfWodaf6 ;xof]u u5f“}{ ta xfdL d[To';Fu klg glhs uO/x]sf x'G5f}+ . hLjg lgdf{0f
ug]{ sfddf k|of]u x'g] pmhf{ l/Qm eP/ d[To'sf] sfd klg ul//x]sf] x'G5 .
hLjg Pp6f ;tt ;Gt'ng xf] . hLjgdf cd[t tŒjk|fKt ug{ lgl:sg] JolQmx¿n] aXdro{sf]
;fwgf u/] lsgeg] d[To'sf] åf/ sfdjf;gf xf] eGg] pgLx¿nfO{ af]w eof] . sfdjf;gfn] Psflt/
hLjg lbG5 eg] csf{lt/ d[To' lbG5 lsgeg] hLjg / d[To' ;a}lt/ ;+o'Qm 5 . To;}n] zÍ/ Psflt/

nf]suLtf– 445
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ljgfzsf b]jtf x'g'x'G5 eg] csf{lt/ pxfFsf] hLjg Hofb} /;k"0f{ / df]xf;Qm klg 5 . hf] d[To'sf]
åf/ x'G5 p;df sfdjf;gf klg TolQs} x'G5 clg dfq ;Gt'ng x'g ;S5 . hLjg k|f/Dedf cfpg]
x'gfn] b]lvG5 / d[To' cGTodf dfq cfpg] x'gfn]] b]lvFb}g, Tolt dfq km/s xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– hLjg klg …dÚ x'F / ljgfz klg …dÚ g} x'F . ;f/f åGåleq …dÚ g} x'G5', ha b'j} åGåsf] leq
Pp6} cl:tTj x'G5 ta åGåsf] s'g} cy{ g} /xFb}g .
hd{gLsf bfz{lgs lxu]n (G.W.Friedrich Hegel) n] klZrddf åGåjfbdf w]/} sfd u/]sf
5g\ . pgL eG5g\– ;f/f hLjgsf] ljsf; åGåftLt 5 . clg dfS;{n] o;}sf cfwf/df åGåfTds
ef}ltsjfb (Dialectical Materialism) / sDo'lghdnfO{ hGd lbP . dfS;{n] h;/L hLjgsf] ljsf;
åGåfTds 5 To;/L g} ;dfhsf] ljsf; klg åGåfTds x'G5 eg] . of] wgL / ul/asf] åGå Pjd\ n8fOF
xf] t/ pgLx¿nfO{ ;gftgL lrGtsx¿ cem ulx/f] s'/f eGb5g\ eGg] hfgsf/L g} 5}g . lxGb"
lrGts ljsf; / ;dfh t ;fdfGo s'/f x'g,\ ;f/f cl:tTj g} åGåfTds 5 eGb5g\ . ;f/f cl:tTj
g} åGå xf] t/ åGåsf] cy{ ljk/Lt b'O{ xf]Og . of] o:tf] b'O{ xf] hf] leq ulx/fOdf hf]l8Psf] 5, h:tf]
gbL b'O{ lsgf/fx¿sf] lardf aU5 . oL b'O{ lsgf/f xfdLnfO{ b'O{ h:tf] nfU5 t/ gbLleq ulx/fOdf
k'Uof}“ eg] xfdL hldg hf]l8Psf] kfpF5f}+ . To:t} gbL Ps dfq lsgf/f eP/ aUg ;Sb}g . To;}n]
;gftgLx¿n] åGå aflx/ dfq 5 leq t åGå/lxt cj:yf 5, To:t} å}t aflx/ 5 leq t cå}t dfq
5 eg]sf x'g\ . aflx/ h'g b'O{ b]lvG5 Tof] Pss} b'O{ ¿k xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hLjg / d[To' b'j}
…dÚ x'F . oL b'j} Ps–csf{sf b'Zdg xf]Ogg\ logLx¿ ulx/f]df ;+o'Qm 5g\ . aflx/af6 b'O{ b]lvG5g\ t/
leqaf6 hf]l8Psf / ;+o'Qm 5g\ . To;}n] x] ch{'g Û ltdL hLjg / d[To'sf] lrGtf gu/ lsgeg] oL
b'j} …dÚ x'F . ltdL Joy{df lardf cfpg] k|of; gu/ .
ch{'gsf] ;d:of g} stf{kgsf] efj xf] . pgL d o'4 u5{' / o'4df xTof u/]df of] kfk dnfO{
nfU5 . To;}n] d k'0o ug{ rfxG5' / Tofu u/]/ ;GGof;L aGg rfxG5' eGb5g\ . ch{'gleqsf] d ;a}
s'/f ug{ rfxG5 t/ g/fd|f] ulb{gF / /fd|f] u5{' eGb5 . ch{'gsf] ;Gtfk / lrGtf cxª\sf/sf] xf] /
cxª\sf/ l;jfo hut\df c¿ s'g} lrGtf klg x'Fb}g . stf{kgsf] efj g} lrGtfsf] Ps dfq sf/0f
xf] . stf{kgsf] Tofu g} lj/f6\k|ltsf] e/f];f xf] . ch{'g oL ;a} s'/fsf] s]G› pgL g} x'g\ eGg] e|ddf
5g\ . ;a} pgs} cfwf/df eO/x]sf] 5 / pgL ePgg\ eg] s]xL x'Fb}g ;fy} pg}n] ;a} o'4sf] lhDd]jf/L
lnP h:tf] ub}{ 5g\ . >Ls[i0f pgnfO{ eGb} x'g'x'G5– of] ltd|f] e|flGt dfq xf] lsgeg] s]xL klg
ltdLdf lge{/ 5}g . ;a} k/dfTdfdf lge{/ 5 cyf{t\ ;a} …dÚdf lge{/ 5 .
oIf Pjd\ /fIf;x¿df …dÚ wgsf] :jfdL s'a]/ x'F . s'a]/;Fu cgGt wgsf] e08f/ 5 . s'a]/
cl:tTjdf ;a}eGbf 7'nf wgL JolQm x'g\ . ul/a JolQm slxNo} klg wgaf6 d'Qm x'Fb}g t/ wgLn]
rfXof] eg] pm wg Joy{ xf] eg]/ wgaf6 d'Qm x'g ;S5 . a'4, dxfjL/x¿ h;;Fu wg lyof], pxfFx¿
cfˆgf] wgsf] Joy{tfnfO{ a'em]/ To;af6 d'Qm x'g'eof] . wg;Fu 6fFl:;P/ a;]sf] JolQm a'l4dfg\
xf]Og . olb s;};Fu wg geP klg wgaf6 d'Qm eof] eg] pm w]/} a'l4dfg\ xf] eGg] hfGg'k5{ . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– /fIf;x¿ / oIfx¿df …dÚ wgklt s'a]/ x'F . /fIf;sf] cy{ Tof] k|j[lQ xf] h;df nf]e x'G5 .
/fIf; hft xf]Og of] Pp6f k|j[lQ xf] hxfF nf]e g} p;sf] :jefj x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
/fIf;x¿df …dÚ s'a]/ x'F . /fIf; s'a]/sf] cj:yfdf k'u]kl5 dfq d'Qm x'g ;S5 cGoyf x'g ;Sb}g .
cgGt wg kfPdf dfq /fIf;sf] wgsf] vf]h aGb x'g ;S5 . o;sf] cy{ /fIf;x¿df s'a]/ dfq
wgsf] ks8eGbf aflx/ x'g ;S5g\ eGg] xf] .
wgsf] nf]eaf6 d'Qm x'g of t k|1f a9]/ JolQmnfO{ nf]e Joy{ nfUg'k5{ cyjf cfkm"n] dfu]sf]
eGbf w]/} wg k|fKt eP/ s'a]/sf] l:yltdf k'Ug'k5{ clg dfq JolQm nf]eaf6 d'Qm x'g ;S5 . ul/a

nf]suLtf– 446
 cWofo–!)
;dfh ;fd"lxs ¿kdf wfld{s x'g ;Sb}g t/ wgL ;dfh ;fd"lxs ¿kdf wfld{s x'g ;S5 . ul/a
;dfhdf JolQmut ¿kdf dfq wfld{s x'g ;lsG5 lsgeg] z/L/sf] cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ t ufx|f] 5
eg] cfTdfsf] vf]h ug]{ sfo{ w]/} sl7g x'g' :jfefljs} xf] . s[i0fsf] egfO cg';f/ /fIf; ha;Dd
s'a]/ x'Fb}g, ta;Dd k/dfTdflt/ p;sf] s'g} em'sfp x'Fb}g, ta;Dd p;sf] nf]en] p;nfO{ wgsf]
cf;kf; g} 3'dfO/xG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ /fIf;x¿df Tof] JolQm x'F h;;Fu olt wg 5 ls
p;sf] OR5f / jf;gf klg z]if /xGg . s'a]/sf] k|tLsfTds cy{ h;;Fu sNkgf / jf;gf ug{ ;lsg]
eGbf Hofbf wg 5 eGg] xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ lzv/jfnf kj{tdf >]i7td kj{t ;'d]? x'F /
k'/f]lxtx¿df a[x:klt x'F, ;]gfkltx¿df :jfdL sflt{s]o x'F / hnfzox¿df ;d'› x'F . x] ch{'g Û …dÚ
dxlif{x¿df e[u' x'F / jrgx¿df Ps cIf/ cyf{t\ cf]ª\sf/ x'F . …dÚ ;a} k|sf/sf o1x¿df hko1 /
l:y/ /xg]x¿df lxdfno kj{t x'F . jrgx¿df Ps cIf/ cf]ª\sf/ x'F . cf]ª\s/df tLg Wjlgx¿ …c–
p–d\Ú 5g\ . Wjlgzf:qn] …c–p–d\Ú oL tLg df}lns tyf aLh Wjlg x'g\ / afFsL ;a} Wjlg logs}
lj:tf/ x'g\ eGb5 .
cfh cfOG:6fOgsf] ;fgf] ;"q (Energy is equal to mc square) n] k"/f lj1fgnfO{ ;dflxt
u/]sf] 5 . o; ;"qn] cfhsf] ;d:t ef}ltszf:qnfO{ ;dflxt u/]sf] 5 . To;/L g} lxGb"x¿sf] ç n]
;d:t Wjlgzf:qnfO{ ;dflxt u5{ . of] Pp6f j}1flgs ;"q xf] . ç sf ljz]if k|of]ux¿ 5g\ . ;f/f
zf:q e'n]/ ç dfq ;Dem]df klg k/d;Qfdf k|j]z x'g ;S5 . ç k/dfTdfsf] lg/fsf/ ¿knfO{
kfpg] cflv/L åf/ xf] . olb ç af6 hut\lt/ rNof}F eg] …c–p–d\Ú af6 ;f/f hut\sf] lj:tf/df
k'luG5 . ç af6 leq k|j]z u¥of] eg] ç kl5 ;d:t Wjlgx¿ ;dfKt eP/ z"Godf k|j]z x'G5, hxfF
JolQm klg x/fpF5 / s]jn cf]ª\sf/ dfq z]if /xG5 . ç s'g} dg'ioåf/f ;[lht Wjlg xf]Og of]
cl:tTjsf] Wjlg xf] . dg'iosf] ;f/f ljrf/, cxª\sf/ ;dfKt eP/ ha uxg df}gtf x'G5, Tof] leqL
df}gtfdf h'g Wjlg ;'lgG5 Tof] ç xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] ç df k|j]z ug{' g} …dÚ df k|j]z ug{'
xf] . ;d:t cIf/x¿df …dÚ Psfsf/ ç x'F .
xhf/f}“ k|sf/sf o1x¿ 5g\ / tL o1x¿df >Ls[i0f …dÚ hko1 x'F eGg'x'G5 . s'g} of]hgf jf
Joj:yfsf dfWodaf6 cfˆgf] / cl:tTjsf] lardf ;]t' lgdf{0f ug{' o1 xf] . xfdL h'g Joj:yfaf6
hut\sf] cl:tTj;Fu hf]l8G5f}“, Tof] Joj:yf o1 xf] . of] o1af6 cl:tTj;Fu hf]l8g] w]/} dfu{x¿
5g\ . xfdLnfO{ yfxf gePsf] / zf:q hfGg] kl08tx¿sf] ldYof1fgsf sf/0f oL dfu{x¿ sd{sf08df
dfq ;Lldt ePsf 5g\ cGoyf o1sf ljlwx¿sf] k"/f lj1fg 5 . Pp6f ljz]if Joj:yfaf6 hut\sf]
cl:tTj;Fu hf]l8g] pkfo o1sf] ljlwdf 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– tL ;a} pkfo, ljlwx¿df …dÚ
hko1 x'F lsgeg] o1x¿df ;a}eGbf ;"Id / >]i7 hko1 x'G5 . hko1sf] dfWodaf6 cfkm"leq
Wjlgx¿sf] o:tf] ;+3ftdo hfn lgdf{0f ug{'k5{, h;af6 Tof] hut\sf] k/dWjlg;Fu xfd|f] ;DaGw
:yflkt x'G5 . ha Tof] hksf] Wjlg noa4 ¿kdf rNg yfN5, ta hko1åf/f leqsf] k/dWjlg;Fu
ldNg] ;]t' lgld{t x'G5 . To;}n] ;a} wd{x¿n] cnu–cnu ¿kdf hksf] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf]
nIo hksf dfWodaf6 hut\df rln/x]sf] lj/f6\ Wjlg;Fu ;DaGw :yflkt ug{' xf] .
hko1 ;"Idtd o1 xf] . aflx/ cfuf] afNg' :y"n s'/f xf] t/ dGqn] leq cfuf] afNg
;lsG5 . aflx/ l£fp xfNg' :y"n s'/f xf] t/ leqsf] clUgdf klg z'4 l3p dGqåf/f xfNg ;lsG5 .
leqsf] ;"Idtd cfof]hg Wjlgaf6 x'G5 . xfdLx¿ zAbl;jfo c¿ s]xL klg xf]Ogf}“ . xfdL s]jn
s]xL zAb / Wjlgsf hf]8 dfq xf}“ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o1x¿df …dÚ hko1 x'F / l:y/ x'g]x¿df
lxdfno kxf8 x'F . ha JolQm hkdf ulx/f] plqG5, ta dgsf] sDkg sd x'g yfN5 / la:tf/}
sDkg x/fpF5 . Pp6f lxdfnosf] h:tf] l:y/tfsf] lzv/ leq lgld{t x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 447
cWofo–!)
cZjTyM ;j{j[Iff0ff+ b]jifL{0ff+ r gf/bM .
uGwjf{0ff+ lrq/yM l;4fgf+ slknf] d'lgM ..@^..
;Dk"0f{ j[Ifx¿df …dÚ lkkn x',F b]jlif{x¿df gf/b x',F uGwj{x¿df uGwj{sf clwklt lrq/y /
l;4x¿df …dÚ g} slkn d'lg x'F ..
pRr}M>j;dZjfgf+ ljl4 dfdd[tf]∫jd\ .
P]/fjt+ uh]Gb|f0ff+ g/f0ff+ r g/flwkd\ ..@&..
3f]8fx¿df dnfO{ cd[tsf nflu ;d'›dGyg ubf{ cd[tsf] ;fydf pTkGg ePsf] pRr}>jf hfg,
xfQLx¿df >]i7 xfQL P]/fjt / dflg;x¿df dnfO{ /fhf hfg ..
;a} j[Ifx¿df lkkn, b]jlif{x¿df gf/b tyf uGwj{x¿df lrq/y / l;4x¿df slkn x'F eGb}
s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ;Demfpg c¿ k|tLsx¿sf] klg pkof]u ug{'x'G5 . j[Ifx¿df lkkn Hofb} ljlzi6
u'0fjfg\ j[If xf] . s]jn lxGb'x¿sf] cf:yf / dfGotfn] dfq xf]Og jg:kltzf:qsf] dfGotfn] klg of]
ljlzi6 5 . jg:kltzf:qsf cg';f/ dfq xf]Og, ca t dgf]j}1flgs lx;fan] klg of] ljlzi6 5 .
;f/f j[Ifx¿n] /flqdf sfa{g8fOcS;fO8 5f]85g\ s]jn lkknn] dfq of] 5f]8\b}g . lkknafx]s s'g}
klg j[Ifd'lg /ftL ;'Tg' jf a:g' xflgsf/s x'G5 lsgeg] sfa{g8fOcS;fO8sf] dfqf a9]df d[To' klg
36\g ;S5 . To;}n] /ftL j[Ifx¿df af; a:g jf /f]lsg lgif]w ul/Psf] xf] t/ lkknsf] j[Ifd'lg /ftL
klg a:g ;lsG5 . lkknaf6 rf}la;} 306f hLjg lg;[t x'G5 . dg;ljb\ / z/L/zf:qL b'j} lg/Gt/
dg'iosf] z/L/sf] s]G›sf] vf]hLdf 5g\ . dl:tissf] h'g u|lGysf] lgs6 r]tgf 5 / h;sf] cefjdf
JolQm a]xf]; x'G5, Tof] /f;folgs tŒj ;jf{lws lkkn j[Ifdf pknAw 5 . dg'ioleq a'l4 k|s6 x'g
h'g /f;folgs tŒjsf] dl:tsdf h?/t x'G5, To;sf] ;jf{lws dfqf lkkndf kfOG5 .
a'4sf] a'4Tj klg j6j[Ifaf6 ePsf] xf] Tof] klg lkkn hflts} j[If xf] . pxfFsf] a'4Tj 3l6t
x'g' klg uxg ¿kdf Tof] j[If;Fu ;DalGwt x'g ;S5 lsgeg] r}tGosf] 36gf h'g /f;folgs tŒj /
k|lqmofaf6 a9\5 Tof] j6 / lkkn h:tf] j[Ifdf ;jf{lws x'G5 . af]lwj[If ;Dk"0f{ j[Ifx¿df ;jf{lws
a'l4sf] ;Defjgf ePsf] j[If klg xf] . >Ls[i0f j[Ifdf …dÚ lkknj[If x'F eGg'x'G5 . o;sf] cy{ olb
xfdL k/dfTdfsf] vf]h ug{ j[Ifsf] cf>odf uof}“ eg] h'g j[Ifdf a'l4dQfsf] ls/0f a9L x'G5,
ToxL“af6 xfdLn] p;nfO{ vf]h ug{'k5{ . hxfF a'l4dQf 5 ToxLF O{Zj/ 5 . olb j[Ifdf a'l4dQfsf]
ls/0f 5 eg] ToxfF klg O{Zj/ 5 eg]/ hfGg'k5{ .
w]/} jif{;Dd lj1fgn] a'l4 s]jn dg'iodf dfq x'G5 eg]/ ;f]RYof] hf] unt / e|fGt ;flat
ePsf] 5 . a'l4 kz'x¿ / jg:kltdf klg x'G5 s]jn dfqfsf] leGgtf x'G5 . lj1fgn] ca t af]6
la?jfx¿df klg a'l4, :d[lt / ;+j]bgzLntf 5 eg]/ dfGb5 . ;d:t cl:tTjsf] k"/f hLjg g}
cfTdfn] JofKt 5 . dxfjL/ cl:tTjdf hLjg 5 eg]/ o;/L cflje{"t x'g'ePsf] lyof] ls pxfFn]
cfˆgf ;fw'x¿nfO{ lxnf]df klg glxF8\g eGg'ePsf] lyof] lsgeg] lxnf]df olb 3fF;sf] cª\s'/
lgl:sPsf] eP Tof] cª\s'/dfly v'§f /fVbf lx+;f x'g] 5 . pxfF eGg'x'GYof]– sfFrf] kmn l6k]/ gvfg"
lsgeg] sfFrf] kmn l6Kbf j[Ifsf] k|f0fdf klg To:t} kL8f x'G5 h:tf] dg'iosf] xft v'§f sf6\bf x'G5
To;}n] ha j[Ifaf6 kmn kfs]/ cfk}m em5{ clg dfq vfg' eGg'x'GYof] . lj1fgn] af]6–la?jfleqsf] h'g
;+j]bgfsf] vf]h ul//x]sf] 5 Tof] dxfjL/sf] clx+;f xf] . dxfjL/n] eg] h:t} ToxfF klg k|f0f / ;+j]bgf
xfdLdf ePhlQs} x'G5, cfTdf t ;a}lt/ g} JofKt 5 .

nf]suLtf– 448
 cWofo–!)
lkkn cToGt k|ltefjfg\ / k|1fjfg\ j[If ePsf]n] s[i0fn] j[Ifx¿df …dÚ lkkn x'F eGg'ePsf]
xf] . j[Ifx¿df ;jf{lws k|1f lkkndf k|s6 ePsf] 5 . lxGb"x¿n] o; tYonfO{ hfg]/ g} lkknsf]
k"hf ;'? u/]sf x'g\ . lkknnfO{ k"hf / gd:sf/ ug{'sf] cy{ o;df ePsf] k|1fsf] ;Demgf / cfb/
ug{' xf] . t/ xfdL t cfˆgf] cxª\sf/sf] sf/0f dg'iodf ePsf] k|1fnfO{ klg ;Ddfg ub}{gf}“ . xfdL
hLljt lh;;, a'4, dxfjL/x¿nfO{ cfkm"h:t} dflg; ;DemG5f}“ / pxfFx¿k|lt lz/ em'sfpg kL8faf]w
u5f}{+ t/ pxfFx¿ gePkl5 pxfFx¿nfO{ eujfg\ dfGg xfdLnfO{ s'g} si6 x'Fb}g . hlt nfe lhpFbf]
u'?;Fu lng ;lsG5 Tof] d'bf{ u'? hlt;'s} l;4 eP klg p;;Fu lng ;lsF+b}g . ;gftgLx¿n]
lkknsf] k|1fnfO{ klg gd:sf/ u/]/ kf/ x'g vf]Hy] . ;d:t j[Ifx¿dWo] a'l4dQfsf] ;jf{lws
;Defjgf lkkndf /x]sf] 5, To;}n] p;k|lt lz/ em'sfP/ Tof] a'l4dQf;Fu ;DaGw hf]8\g ;lsG5 .
o'gfgL lrlsT;fsf hGdbftf n'sdfgn] Ps nfv jg:kltx¿sf] u'0fwd{ n]v]/ atfPsf 5g\ .
of] cfZro{rlst s'/f xf] lsgeg] n'sdfg;Fu s'g} k|of]uzfnf lyPg ;fy} pgL;Fu s'g} /f;folgs
tŒj h;af6 k/LIf0f ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf klg lyPg . pgL;Fu jg:kltsf] u'0f, wd{ hfGg] s'g} oGq
lyPg . n'sdfg t ufpFufpF lxFl8/xg] kmls/ h:tf JolQm lyP . pgL;Fu Pp6f emf]nf l;jfo c¿
s]xL klg lyPg . pgLeGbf cl3 o; ;DaGwdf s;}nfO{ klg yfxf lyPg, To;sf/0f pgnfO{ s;}af6
of] ljBf k|fKt ePsf] klg xf]Og . n'sdfg af]6la?jfnfO{ g} ltd|f] u'0f wd{ s] xf], ltdL s'g la/fdLsf
nflu sfd nfUg ;S5f} eg]/ ;f]Wy] clg af]6la?jfn] h] atfpFy], pgL ToxL n]v]/ /fVy] . n'sdfgn]
af]6la?jfsf af/]df atfPsf] u'0f, wd{ g} clxn]sf] >]i7td lj1fgn] klg ToxL atfPsf] 5 . To:t}
cfo'j]{bsf cf}ifwLx¿ klg ;a} k|of]uzfnfaf6 hfFr]/ tof/ kfl/Psf xf]Ogg\ . Tof] cTolws 1fg
n'sdfgsf] h:t} jg:klt;Fu l;wf cGt/ ;DaGwaf6 pknAw ePsf] x'g'k5{ . xfdL cfkm"leq
ulx/fOdf hlt plqG5f}“ plt g} xfdL cl:tTjdf klg ulx/f] plqg yfN5f}“ . xfdL Ps sbd tn
plqof}“ eg] kz'x¿;Fu ;DalGwt x'g yfN5f}“ / Ps sbd cem tn plqof}“ eg] jg:klt;Fu ;DalGwt
x'g ;S5f}“ . Ps sbd c¿ tn plqof}“ eg] xfdL vlgh kbfy{;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5f}“ . hlt ulx/f]
plqof] Tolt g} cl:tTjsf] ulx/f] tn;Fu ;DalGwt x'g ;lsG5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– b]jlif{x¿df …dÚ gf/b x'F . gf/bsf] rl/q cgf}7f] 5 . s'g} klg kf}/fl0fs
syfdf gf/b h:tf] rl/q kfO“b}g . gf/bsf] JolQmTj uDeL/ 5}g, pgL hLjgnfO{ Pp6f v]n, gf6s,
pT;j, dgf]/~hg dfGb5g\ / u}/uDeL/ 9Ën] ;f]xL cg';f/ hLjgofkg ub{5g\ . s[i0f uDeL/
k|s[ltsf Clifx¿;Fu cfkm"nfO{ hf]8\g'x'Gg lsgeg] uDeL/tf klg Ps k|sf/sf] la/fdL xf] . uDeL/
JolQm g xfF:g ;S5 g gfRg g} ;S5 ;fy} pm pT;fxk"j{s afFRg klg ;Sb}g . uDeL/ k|s[ltsf
JolQm hLjgsf] k/dfgGb hfGg / ef]Ug klg ;Sb}gg\ . o:tf JolQmn] k"hf / k|fy{gf klg ug{ ;Sb}gg\
lsgeg] k"hf, k|fy{gf hLjgsf pT;j;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . uDeL/tf x'g' eg]sf] hLjgsf] Ps
lx:;f;Fu dfq cfkm"nfO{ Ps dfGg' xf] / hLjgsf] ;du|tf;Fu p;sf] ;DaGw x'Fb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
b]jlif{x¿df …dÚ gf/b x'F eGg'x'G5 .
xfdLnfO{ Clifn] em'6f] af]Nb}gg\ h:tf] nfU5 . t/ gf/b em'6f] af]n]/ s;}nfO{ cNemfpg klg
;S5g\ . gf/b Pp6f /x:ojfbL JolQm x'g\ . gf/bsf nflu hut\ Pp6f d~r / gf6s dfq xf] .
s[i0fn] gf/bnfO{ r'Gg' klg hut\ Pp6f /Ëd~r xf] eGg] s'/fsf] ;Í]t xf] . xfdL wfld{stf eg]sf]
uDeL/ k|j[lQsf] x'g' / gxfF:g' xf] eGg] ;f]Rb5f}F . O;fO{x¿ lh;; slxNo} klg xfF:g' g} ePsf] 5}g
eGb5g\ . lh;; h:tf] JolQm slxn] xfF:g'ePsf] 5}g eGg' ;Dej g} x'Fb}g t/ O;fO{x¿ eG5g\– pxfF
slxNo} xfF:g'ePg lsgeg] xfF:g' t ckljqtf xf] . To;}n] O;fO{n] lh;;sf] cg'xf/ pbf;, ;f/f
b'lgofFsf] af]em af]s]sf] JolQmsf ¿kdf lrlqt ul/lbP . O;fO{x¿ lh;;n] ;f/f b'lgofFsf] kfk

nf]suLtf– 449
cWofo–!)
cfkm"dfly lng'eof] / pxfFåf/f ;f/f hut\sf] d'lQmsf] pkfo eO/x]sf] 5 EfGg] dfGb5g\ . jf:tjdf
lh;;nfO{ lrGg} g;s]/ pxfFsf] o:tf] JolQmTj agfOPsf] xf] . lh;;sf] JolQmTjnfO{ b[li6ut u¥of]
eg] of] s'/f ;fFrf] nfUb}g lsgeg] lh;; ld7f] vfgfnfO{ k|]d ug{'x'GYof], ;'Gb/ :qLx¿ dg
k/fpg'x'GYof], ef]hgdf clnslt jfOg klg lng'x'GYof] . o:tf] JolQm xfF;]g eg]/ dfGg ;lsF+b}g t/
s]xL b'vL / pbf; JolQmx¿n] pxfFnfO{ 3]/]sf sf/0fn] pxfFnfO{ o; ¿kdf lrq0f ul/of] . wfld{s x'g
o:t} k|j[lQsf JolQmx¿n] o;nfO{ cfwf/ agfPsf 5g\ . pgLx¿ cfˆgf] pbf;LgtfnfO{ cfˆgf] tk:of
dfG5g\ ;fy} b'vL JolQmx¿ wfld{s eP/ Ps 7fpFdf hDdf eO{ ;a} xfF:g] JolQmx¿nfO{ kfkL eG5g\ .
o:tf d'v/ JolQmx¿n] cfˆgf] b'vnfO{ bz{gzf:q agfPsf 5g\ .
>Ls[i0f t afF;'/L ahfpg], gfRg], k|km'lNnt JolQm x'g'x'G5 h;nfO{ hLjg;Fu k|]d 5 . pxfFsf
nflu lhGbuL Pp6f pT;j / cfgGbk"0f{ v]n xf] . ;f/f wd{ cfgGbaf6 hlGdG5 / b'ef{Uon] b'vL
JolQmx¿sf] xftdf kb{5 . s[i0fsf nflu lhGbuL Pp6f gf6s, v]n / nLnf xf] . o;nfO{ hf]
uDeL/tf;Fu lnG5 Tof] JolQm c:j:y xf] . gf/bsf nflu lhGbuL uDeL/ s'/f xf]Og . pgn] hLjgsf]
uxg ;TonfO{ a'em]sfn] cfkm"n] gf6ssf] kfq h:t} e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf x'g\ . gf/bsf nflu ;a}
s'/f clego xf] / s[i0fnfO{ t lgZro g} hLjg Pp6f v]n / nLnf dfq xf] . xfdLn] s]jn s[i0fnfO{
dfq k"0ff{jtf/ dfg]sf 5f}“ . s[i0fnfO{ k"0ff{jtf/ dfGg'sf k5fl8 pxfFdf s'g} dof{bf 5}g / pxfF h:tf]
dof{bfd'Qm JolQm klg k[YjLdf sf]xL klg 5}g . s[i0fn] hLjgnfO{ ;du|tfdf :jLsf/ ug{'ePsf] 5 /
s'g} s'/f pxfFnfO{ c:jLsfo{ 5}g . To;}n] s[i0fsf] hLjgdf ;Ëlt klg kfOFb}g . s[i0f h:tf] cjtf/
k'?if x'g ca sl7g 5 t/ xfdLnfO{ s[i0f k"0f{ ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug]{ lxDdt klg x'Fb}g .
>Ls[i0fdf o;k|sf/sf] sl7gfO ;bf /x]sf] 5 . s[i0fn] …dÚ o'4df z:q p7fpGg eGg'ePsf]
lyof] t/ z:q p7fpg' ePsfn] pxfFsf] jrg eË eof] . s[i0fsf] :jefj sltkonfO{ c;Ët h:tf]
nfU5 lsgeg] xfd|f] ;f]Rg] 9Ë g} unt / uDeL/ 5 . s[i0f u}/ uDeL/ x'g'x'G5 . cfˆgf c;Ëltdf
pxfF laNfs'n ;Ët x'g'x'G5 . of] lj/f6\, ax'd'vL, ax'cfoflds / w]/} lbzfdf km}lnPsf] JolQmTjnfO{ g}
xfdLn] k"0ff{jtf/ eg]sf xf}+ . s[i0fsf] u}/uDeL/, nLnfdoL JolQmTj ePsfn] k|tLssf] ¿kdf pxfFn]
b]jlif{x¿df gf/bnfO{ r'Gg'ePsf] xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– uGwj{x¿df lrq/y / l;4x¿df …dÚ slkn
d'lg x'F . hut\df b'O{ lgi7fx¿ 5g\ . Pp6f lgi7fsf] gfd of]u / csf{sf] gfd ;fª\Vo xf] . s[i0fnfO{
xfdL of]u]Zj/ klg eG5f}“ . slknsf] of]u;Fu s'g} ;DaGw 5}g / pxfF of]ulj/f]wL x'g'x'G5 .
of]usf] dfGotfcg';f/ ;To jf k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpgsf nflu s]xL ug{'k5{ . s'g} cEof;,
;fwgf, lqmof, k|lqmof ug{'k5{ . lqmof gu/L k/dfTdf;Dd k'Ug ;lsGg lsgeg] dg'io cz'4 5 .
To;}n] cfuf]af6 u'lh|P/ pm z'4 x'g'k5{ . p;df ;To t n's]sf] 5 t/ Tof] ;To ;'gdf df6f]
ldl;Psf] h:t} cj:yfdf 5 . To;}n] Tof] df6f]nfO{ 5fg]/ ;'gnfO{ cnu ug{'k5{ / cfuf]df kf]n]/ z'4
agfpg'k5{ . of]u s]xL gu/L s]xL x'g} ;Sb}g eGg] dfGb5 . t/ ;fª\Vosf] dfGotf of]usf] l7s
ljk/Lt 5 . ;fª\Vo s]xL ug{ cfjZos g} 5}g s]jn hfGg' kof{Kt 5 eGb5 . dg'io k/dfTdf g} xf]
of] s'/f s]jn p;nfO{ lj:d[lt dfq ePsf] 5 . dg'io z'4 k/dfTdf g} ePsf]n] p;df s'g} cz'l4
5}g . ;fª\Vo eG5– olb k/dfTdf klg cz'4 x'g;S5 eg] of] ;+;f/df s'g} s'/f z'4 x'g ;Sb}g .
k/dfTdfsf] cy{ g} hf] cz'4 x'g} ;Sb}g eGg] xf] . To;}n] of] s]jn lj:d/0f dfq xf] cz'l4 xf]Og .
;fª\Vo eGb5– dg'io cz'l4sf] e|ddf 5 t/ pm cz'4 5}g s]jn p;sf] klxrfg dfq x/fPsf] 5,
p;nfO{ Psk6s :d/0f dfq x'g'k5{ . slkn ;fª\Vo b[li6sf cfwf/ x'g'x'G5 .
zfGt eP/ hfGg' / :d/0f ug{' g} kof{Kt 5, oxL g} cfTolGts ;To xf] . of] klg ;To xf] ls
xfd|f] ug{'n] s]xL klg x'Fb}g . h] xfdLn] u/]/ kfpF5f“} Tof] xfdLeGbf ;fgf] x'G5 . To;}n] k/dfTdf s]xL

nf]suLtf– 450
 cWofo–!)
u/]/ kfpg ;lsGg lsgeg] s]xL u/]/ kfpg] eP pm klg Pp6f j:t' dfq x'GYof] . olb xfdLnfO{
cfkm"eGbf 7'nf] s'/f kfpg' 5 eg] Tof] u/]/ kfOFb}g cfkm"nfO{ x/fP/ dfq kfOG5 . stf{sf] efj / sd{
klg 5f]8]/ cfkm"leq df}g, zfGt eP/ l:yt ePdf dfq p;nfO{ kfpg ;lsG5 . of] ;fª\Vosf] lgi7f
xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ ;fª\Vo x'F / ;d:t l;4x¿df slkn x'F . l;4 To;nfO{ elgG5 h;n]
hflg;Sof] jf kf/ eO;Sof] . hfGg klg b'O{ k|sf/af6 ;lsG5, Pp6f s]xL u/]/ hfGg] / csf]{ ljgf
sd{ hfGg] . >Ls[i0f …dÚ pxL x'F h;n] s]xL gu/]/ hfgF] eGg'x'G5 .
a'4n] 5 jif{;Dd s]xL kfpgsf nflu s7f]/ >d ug{'eof] t/ s]xL kfpg'ePg . ;f/f
u'?x¿sxfF uP/ pgLx¿n] eg]sf x/]s s7f]/ ;fwgf, tk:of ug{'eof] t/ s]xL kfpg'ePg . Ps lbg
h;/L dxn 5 jif{cl3 5f]8\g'ePsf] lyof] To;/L g} ;fª\Vosf] lgi7fdf cfP/ ;a} Tofux¿ klg
5f]8\g'eof] . ca dnfO{ s]xL kfpg' / vf]Hg' 5}g eGg] lrQsf] bzf agfpg'eof] . Tof] /flq a'4 ;'Tbf
s'g} tgfj g} lyPg lsgeg] pxfFnfO{ s]xL kfpg' g} lyPg . pxfF p7\bf laxfgsf] cflv/L tf/f
8'la/x]sf] lyof] . a'4n] Tof] tf/fnfO{ x]l//xg'eof] / tf/f ha 8'Aof], ta a'4nfO{ 1fg eof] . a'4nfO{
of]u 5f]8]kl5 1fg eof] lsgeg] s]xL ul//xg] lqmof klg Ps k|sf/sf] tgfj xf] . a'4n] eGg'eof]–
d}n] ta dfq kfPF, ha s]xL kfpg] OR5f klg …dÚ ;Fu /x]g .
;fª\Vosf] cy{ xf]– h] kfOG5, Tof] kfO/x]s} s'/f xf] . hf] xfdL s'g} If0f hfGg] 5f}“,+ Tof] clxn]
/ o;} If0f df}h'b 5 . p;nfO{ sxLF aflx/af6 kfpg'kb}{g / p cz'4 klg 5}g s]jn zfGt, df}g eP/
p;nfO{ x]g{' dfq 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– l;4x¿df …dÚ slkn d'lg x'F . x] ch{'g Û 3f]8fx¿df …dÚ
pRr}>jf gfd u/]sf] 3f]8f x'F / xfQLx¿df …dÚ P]/fjt gfds xfQL / dg'iodf …dÚ g} ;d|f6\ x'F .
ch{'gn] a'‰g ;s"g\ eg]/ s[i0f x/]s sf]l6sf >]i7td s'/faf6 ;Demfpg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . s[i0f j[If,
xfQL, 3f]8f, dg'io cflb ;a}sf dfWodaf6 s'g} b'ef{j / ;ª\sf]r g/fvL ljleGg pbfx/0fx¿
ch'{gnfO{ atfpg'x'G5 cGoyf olt w]/} pbfx/0fx¿ h?/L klg lyPgg\ .
>Ls[i0fsf lglDt lgs[i6 / >]i7 s]xL klg 5}g . t;y{ pxfF …dÚ ;a}leq 5' eGg'x'G5 . x]
ch{'g, hxfF cflehfTotf k|s6 x'G5 ToxfF ltdLnfO{ d]/f] k|tLlt x'g ;Sg] 5, j[If, 3f]8f, xfQL ;a}df
…dÚ x'G5' . ch{'gn] s[i0fnfO{ ;f]w]sf lyP– …dÚ s'g s'g efjn] xh'/nfO{ vf]h"F, sxfF sxfF s;/L vf]h"F,
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL dnfO{ sxLF / s'g} s'/fdf klg vf]Hg ;S5f} . o:tf] s'g} s'/f 5}g hxfF
…dÚ gePsf] xf];\ . x/]s >]i7td s'/fdf ltdLn] dnfO{ kfpg ;S5f} . dg'iodf dfq >]i7tf x'Fb}g,
af]6la?jf, hgfj/ ;a}df >]i7tf x'G5 . cl:tTj hxfF 5, ToxLF k/dfTdf 5 . ch{'gnfO{ pxfF eGb}
x'g'x'G5– hxfF km"n km'N5 ToxLF ltdLnfO{ d]/f] k|tLlt x'g ;S5 .
cfo'wfgfdx+ jh|+ w]g"gfdl:d sfdw's\ .
k|hgZrfl:d sGbk{M ;kf{0ffdl:d jf;'lsM ..@*..
xltof/x¿df jh| / ufO{x¿df …dÚ sfdw]g' ufO{ x'F . zf:qf]Qm /Lltåf/f ;Gtfg pTklQsf
sf/0fx¿df …dÚ sfdb]j x'F / ;k{x¿df …dÚ ;k{/fh jf;'sL x'F ..
cgGtZrfl:d gfufgf+ j?0ff] ofb;fdxd\ .
lkt[0ffdo{df rfl:d odM ;+odtfdxd\ ..@(..
gfux¿df …dÚ z]ifgfu cyf{t\ cgGt x'F . hnr/x¿df …dÚ hnr/sf clwklt j?0f x'F .
lkt[x¿df …dÚ co{df gfds lkt[ x'F / lgodkfngstf{x¿ / zf;g ug]{ jfnfdf …dÚ od/fh x'F ..

nf]suLtf– 451
cWofo–!)
k|XnfbZrfl:d b}Tofgf+ sfnM snotfdxd\ .
d[uf0ff+ r d[u]G›f]›x+ j}gt]oZr klIf0ffd\ ..#)..
…dÚ b}Tox¿df k|Xnfb / u0fgf ug]{x¿df ;do x'F . kz'x¿df …dÚ d[u/fh l;+x x'F / r/fx¿df
…dÚ g} u?8 x'F ..
x] ch{'g Û z:qx¿df jh| / ufO{x¿df sfdw]g' tyf hLjgsf] pTklQsf/s sfdb]j …dÚ g} x'F .
hLjgsf] ;d:t pTklQ / hut\sf] ;[li6 klg sfdaf6 g} x'G5 . ;[hgfsf] ;"q klg sfd g} xf] .
a|Xdfn] ;+;f/ ;[li6 ug]{ qmddf pxfFdf sfdgf pTklQ eof], ta dfq hut\ pTkGg x'g ;Sof] . o;
;+;f/df h–h;sf] hGd x'G5, tL ;a}sf] hGd;"q g} sfd xf] . ;Gtfg hGdfpg dfq sfd cfjZos
x'g] xf]Og Pp6f sljtf, lrq, d"lt{ cflb lgdf{0f ubf{ klg dg'ioleq pTkGg x'g] zlQm sfd g} xf] .
pTklQ dfq sfd xf] eGg] tYo ga'em]/ hf] JolQm sfd;Fu zq'tf u5{ p;sf] hLjg lgliqmo /
;[hgfxLg x'G5 . ;a} ;[li6 sfdaf6 g} x'G5 t/ sfddf g} clNemof] eg] d'lQm x'Fb}g . d'lQmsf nflu
sfdaf6 dfly p7\g'k5{, Tof] dfly hfg] dfu{ klg sfdsf] g} dfu{ xf] . ;fdfGotM wd{ sfdjf;gfsf]
lj/f]wL x'G5 . s'g} O;fO{sf] k/dk'?ifn] d sfdb]j x'F eGg] lxDdt ug{ ;Sb}g . To:t} h}g wf/0ffdf
klg O{Zj/nfO{ sfdb]jsf] ¿kdf ;f]Rg klg ;lsGg t/ >Ls[i0f o;nfO{ ;xhtfk"j{s eGg'x'G5 . xfdL
s]jn cfˆgf] sfdjf;gf;Fu dfq kl/lrt 5f}“ . xfdLnfO{ sfdjf;gfsf] csf]{ ¿ksf] s'g} hfgsf/L
5}g .
dg'ioleq Pp6} pmhf{ 5 Tof] pmhf{ olb tnlt/ k|jflxt eof] eg] Tof] sfdjf;gf aG5 /
ToxL pmhf{ olb dflylt/ k|jflxt x'g yfNof] eg] cWofTd aG5 . ToxL pmhf{sf] cfofd / lbzf
kl/jt{g x'g] lalQs} cfd"n kl/jt{g x'G5 . ToxL zlQm tnlt/ aUof] eg] jf;gf aG5 / ToxL zlQm
dflylt/ aUof] eg] cfTdf x'G5, tnlt/ aUof] eg] csf]{ JolQm hGdfpF5 / dflylt/ aUof] eg]
:jod\nfO{ hGdfpF5 . tnlt/ aUgsf nflu c¿ s;}nfO{ cfwf/ agfpg'k5{, dflylt/ aUgsf nflu
:jod\ g} cfwf/ x'g'k5{ . tnlt/ pmhf{ aUof] eg] hgg]lG›osf] dfu{af6 k|s[ltdf nLg x'G5 /
dflylt/ aUg yfNof] eg] ;x;|fwf/af6 au]/ a|Xddf nLg x'G5 . sfd–pmhf{ dg'iosf] klxnf] rqm
hgg]lGb|o of clGtd rqm ;x;|fwf/af6 ljnLg x'G5 . xfd|f] JolQmTjsf oL b'O{ lsgf/fx¿ x'g\ . xfdL
sfds]G›af6 k|s[lt;Fu hf]l8Psf 5f}“ / ;x;|fwf/af6 k/dfTdf;Fu hf]l8Psf 5f}“ t/ xfd|f] hf]l8g]
zlQm eg] Pp6} xf] . xfd|f] cg'ejdf sfd jf;gf dfq ePsfn] sfdzlQmsf af/]df xfdLnfO{ s'g}
hfgsf/L 5}g . xfdL s]jn sfdjf;gfsf] Pp6} ¿knfO{ dfq lrGb5f}“ h;af6 xfd|f hLjgdf ;f/f
ljklQ / ;d:ofx¿ pTkGg x'G5g\ . xfdL sfdjf;gfsf] Pp6} ¿knfO{ dfq hfGb5f}“ h;af6 qmf]w,
nf]e, eo, O{iof{ / j}dg:osf] hGd x'G5 / hLjgsf] zlQm IfL0f x'G5 . xfdL sfdjf;gfsf] cwf]ufdL
¿k;Fu dfq kl/lrt 5f}+ .
ha >Ls[i0f …dÚ sfdb]j x'F eGg'x'G5 ta xfdLnfO{ ToxL cfkm"n] hfg]sf] sfdsf] ¿k dfq
:d/0f x'G5 / xfdL Hofb} x8a8fpF5f}“ lsgeg] xfdLnfO{ s[i0f klg xfdL h:t} sfdjf;gfsf] b]j
x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 eGg] nfU5 . sfdjf;gf ha c¿sf dfWodaf6 aUb5, ta xfdL k/fwLg x'G5f}“ . To;}n]
ha xfdL :jtGq x'g rfxG5f}“, ta xfd|f] ;ª\3if{ sfdjf;gf;Fu ;'? x'G5 . o; ;+;f/df ;a}eGbf
7'nf] bf;tf sfdjf;gfsf] bf;tf xf] . :qL jf k'?ifaf6 efu]/ sf]xL sfdjf;gfaf6 kf/ x'g klg
;Sb}g lsgeg] dgsf] sNkgf emg\ k|uf9 / cfsif{s x'G5 . ha sfdsf] pmhf{ k/lt/ geO{ :jod\lt/
aUg yfN5, ta dfq xfdLnfO{ sfdjf;gfsf] ;xL hfgsf/L x'G5 . To;kl5 dfq h;nfO{ xfdLn] ljif
;Dem]sf lyof}“, Tof] t cd[t kf] /x]5 eGg] yfxf x'G5 . To;kl5 h;nfO{ xfdLn] cfˆgf] k/fwLgtf

nf]suLtf– 452
 cWofo–!)
dfg]sf lyof}“, ToxL xfd|f] :jtGqtf aGg] 5 . h;nfO{ xfdLn] gs{sf] åf/ 7fg]sf lyof}“, ToxL xfd|f]
d'lQmsf] åf/ x'g] 5 .
oL ;f/f s'/fx¿nfO{ b[li6ut u/]/ >Ls[i0fn] …dÚ sfdb]j x'F eGg'ePsf] xf] . sfdsf] pmhf{
xfd|f] zlQmsf] gfd xf] . olb xfd|f] pmhf{ tnlt/ g} alu/Xof] eg] Tof] 5l/G5 / k/;Dd km}ln/xG5 .
ToxL zlQmdflylt/ aUof] eg] ;ª\ul7t x'g yfN5 / xfdLnfO{ cfTdfsf] cg'ej u/fpF5 . h;sf]
sfdjf;gf tnlt/ jf aflx/ aU5 p;nfO{ ;+;f/sf] cg'ej x'G5 eg] h;sf] pmhf{ leq hDdf x'G5
p;nfO{ cfTdfsf] cg'ej x'g yfN5 . of] cfˆg} ;[hgf / gofF hGd xf] . a'4 eGg'x'GYof]– h'g lbg
ltdL cfkm"nfO{ hfGg] 5f}, ToxL ltd|f] hGd x'g] 5 . dftf–lktfn] h;nfO{ hGd lbg'eof] Tof] ltdL
xf]Ogf} . dftf–lktfn] t s]jn Pp6f z/L/nfO{ hGd lbG5g\, ha;Dd :jod\sf] hGd x'Fb}g ta;Dd
jf:tljs hGd ePsf] 7xb{}g . ha sfdsf] pmhf{ leq jf dflylt/ k|jflxt x'G5 ta :jod\sf] hGd
x'G5 . ;f/f ;+;f/ cfh sfdjf;gfsf sf/0f ljlIfKt 5, P8n/, h'+u, k|mfo8 h:tf dgf]lrlsT;sx¿
eG5g\– ;f/f ljlIfKttfsf] sf/0f sfdjf;gf xf] . pgLx¿sf] lgbfg t l7s xf] t/ pkrf/ k4lt eg]
l7s xf]Og . pgLx¿sf ljrf/df ;f/f dfgj;dfh sfdjf;gfsf sf/0fn] kLl8t 5 . olt w]/} snx,
O{iof{ k}bf x'gfsf] d"n sf/0f sfdjf;gf g} xf] . k|mfo8 eG5g\– sfdjf;gf ha;Dd t[Kt ul/F+b}g,
dflg;sf] ljlIfKttf sd x'Fb}g t/ dflg;nfO{ sfdjf;gfaf6 hlt;'s} t[Kt kf/] klg pm o;af6
zfGt x'g ;Sb}g, To;}n] k|mfo8sf] dgf]j}1flgs lgisif{ cw'/f] 5 .
>Ls[i0f sfdjf;gfnfO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ cj:yfsf af/]df atfpg'x'G5 . ha sfdjf;gf
¿kfGtl/t x'G5 clg Tof] sfdjf;gf /xFb}g, Tof] sfdb]j x'G5 . ha;Dd sfdjf;gf tnlt/ aU5
ta;Dd sfdjf;gf /fIf;, bfgj h:tf] x'G5 h;n] ;a} zlQmnfO{ r';]/ ;dfKt ul/lbG5 . h'g lbg
sfdjf;gf dflylt/ k|jflxt x'g yfN5 To;} lbg pm sfdb]j x'G5 . To;}n] ;gftgLx¿n] sfdnfO{
sfdb]j dfg]sf x'g\ . dfly k|jflxt x'g] sfdpmhf{ cfkm}+leq zlQm ;ª\sNfg u/]/ cGt/ofqfdf
lgl:sG5, To;}n] Tof] sfdb]j xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;d:t hLjgsf] cfwf/ …dÚ sfdb]j x'F . s[i0fn]
c¿ b]jtfsf] gfd geg]/ sfdb]jsf] pRrf/0f ug{'df klg k|of]hg 5 Tof] s] xf] eg] sfdaf6 hf]
dg'io dfly p7\5 Tof] b]jtfeGbf klg dfly p7\b5 lsgeg] tnlt/ au]/ aflx/ hfg] pmhf{
sfd/fIf; / leqlt/ dfly aUg] pmhf{ sfdb]j xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û olb ltdL b]jtfx¿df dnfO{ vf]Hg rfxG5f} eg] sfdb]jdf vf]h
lsgeg] sfd g} ;[hgfsf] df}lns cfwf/ xf] . hut\df 36\g] ;a} ;'Gb/tf sfds} k|ltkmng x'g\ .
uLt, lrq, sfJo, JolQmTj h] hlGdG5 Tof] ;a} sfds} km}nfj6 xf] . o; hut\df ;'Gb/ / z'e ;a}
sfd–pmhf{s} nx/ xf] . ef/tl:yt sf]0ff{ssf] ;"o{ dlGb/ / vh'/fxf]sf] dlGb/df k/dfTdfsf] ;'Gb/
k|ltdf leq 5 t/ aflx/ ;a} sfd lqmofsf d"lt{x¿ s'Fb]/ /fv]sf] b]Vbf kl/jf/x¿;Fu dlGb/ hfg
klg ufx|f] nfUb5 . of] cK7\of/f]kgsf] d"n sf/0f xf] . xfdL hLjgsf ;Dk"0f{ tYonfO{ :jLsf/ ug{
8/fpF5f}“ . of] df}lns ;To h;sf dfWodaf6 xfdL ;a} hut\df cfPsf 5f}“, To;nfO{ xfdL o;/L
n'sfpF5f} ls slxNo} klg sfdlqmof 3l6t g} x'Fb}g . sf]0ff{ssf] dlGb/ / vh'/fxf]sf] dlGb/ ;Tosf]
k|tLs xf] . oL dlGb/x¿ Hofb} ljrf/ u/]/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf 5g\ . dlGb/sf aflx/L leQfx¿df
sfdlqmofsf lrqx¿ 5g\ . ha;Dd dg sfdjf;gfn] el/Psf] 5 / o;af6 d'Qm 5}g, ta;Dd
dlGb/leq k|j]z ug{'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo x'Fb}g . h'g lbg leQfdf vf]lkPsf d}y'gsf] lrqn] p;nfO{
clnslt klg cfslif{t ub}{gg\ ta dfq pm k/dfTdfsf] dlGb/df k|j]z ug{ ;S5 . ;+;f/
sfdjf;gfsf] kl/lw xf] To;}n] ha;Dd s;}sf] dg sfdjf;gfdf ?dlNn/xG5 ta;Dd dlGb/df
k|j]z x'g ;Sb}g . sfdjf;gf;Fu n8]/ sf]xL klg To;af6 d'Qm x'g ;Sb}g . jf;gfaf6 d'Qm x'gsf

nf]suLtf– 453
cWofo–!)
nflu sfdjf;gfnfO{ hfGg ;s]df dfq kf/ x'g ;lsG5 . sfdjf;gfnfO{ hfGg' g} 1fg xf] .
sfdzlQm klg k/dfTdfsf] g} zlQm xf] . of] zlQmsf] s;/L clwstd pkof]u x'g ;S5 / k/dfTdfsf]
k/dåf/df s;/L k|j]z x'g ;S5 eg]/ hfGg ;lsof] eg] o;af6 dfly p7]/ k/dåf/leq k|j]z ug{
;lsG5 .
;gftgLx¿n] sfdsf] pmhf{nfO{ l:y/ ug]{ k|of]u tGqåf/f ;kmntfk"j{s u/]sf 5g\ . sfdnfO{
lbJotf k|bfg u/]df dfq s[i0fsf] of] k|tLsnfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 . dg'iosf] sfdjf;gf kz'x¿eGbf tn
5 . kz'x¿sf] sfdjf;gf zf/Ll/s dfq x'G5 t/ dg'iosf] sfdjf;gf zf/Ll/s eGbf dfgl;s Hofbf
x'G5 . cfh h;/L hut\df rf/}lt/ sfdjf;gf ljs[t ePsf] 5 To;af6 xfd|f] dfgl;s ?U0ftfsf]
af/]df a'‰g ;lsG5 . ;fy} sfdjf;gfnfO{ n8]/ lhTg ;ls+Fb}g / o;;Fu n8\g] JolQm dfgl;s
Jolerf/df x'G5 . xfd|f] lrQ ?U0ftf, bdg, ;ª\3if{, j}dg:o, zq'tf / c1fgn] el/Psf] 5 . jf;gf
ag]sf] pmhf{nfO{ hfGg ;Sof}“ eg] Tof] pmhf{ sfdb]j aGg ;S5 . pmhf{nfO{ dfly p7fpg] lj1fg 5,
h;af6 xfdL ¿kfGtl/t x'g ;S5f}“ . ha jf;gf dfly p7\5, ta xhf/f}“ ;Def]uaf6 klg kfpg
g;lsg] cfgGbsf] cg'ej x'G5 . x/]s ;Def]udf zlQm Joo x'G5 / x/]s ;dflwdf zlQm k|fKt x'G5 .
jf;gfnfO{ tn emfg{' cfˆgf] r]tgfsf] txnfO{ tn emfg{' xf] / dfly p7fpg' cfˆgf] r]tgfsf] txnfO{
dfly p7fpg' xf] . xfdL hlt dfly p7\5f}F Tolt g} cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f ;d:t hGd, ;[hgf …dÚ åf/f g} x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . of] hLjgnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ cb\e't
;"q xf] . s[i0f hLjgnfO{ ;d:t ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug{'x'G5 . sfdsf] :jLs[ltdf hLjg ;'? x'G5 /
sfdsf] c:jLs[ltdf hLjg c:jLsf/ x'G5 . b'O{ xhf/ jif{;Dd klZrdn] u/]sf] sfdjf;gfsf] bdgsf]
kl/0ffd cfh sfdljs[ltsf] ¿kdf klZrddf b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . ha s'g} s'/f Hofbf bafOG5, ta
To;sf] k|ltsf/ ;''? x'G5 . O;fO{x¿n] sfdjf;gfnfO{ ank"j{s bafPsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k cfh
klZrddf sfdljs[lt k}mlnPsf] xf] . cfh klZrdsf] cj:yfsf] k|d'v lhDd]bf/ b'O{ xhf/ jif{
cl3b]lv sfdbdg ug]{ JolQmx¿ g} x'g\ .
;gftgLx¿sf] d"nwf/f hLjglgif]ws geP/ hLjgnfO{ p;sf] ;du|tfdf :jLsf/ ug]{ 5 .
hLjg h:tf] 5 To;nfO{ ;gftLx¿ cª\uLsf/ u5{g\ / To;kl5 cfjZostf cg';f/ ¿kfGt/0f u5{g\
lsgeg] :jLsf/ u/]/ ablng' ulx/f] / :yfoL x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] ;f/f hLjg …dÚ af6 g}
hlGdG5 . hLjgsf] ;f/f v]n d]/} xf] / of] ;a} lbJo x'g ;S5 . To;}n] s[i0f sfd;Fu cfkm"nfO{
;+o'Qm ug{'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– gfux¿df cgGt z]ifgfu, ;k{x¿df jf;'sL, hnr/x¿df j?0f
b]jtf x'F . lkt[x¿df co{df tyf zf;g ug]{jfnfdf od/fh x'F . oL klg sfdb]j h:t} dxŒjk"0f{
k|tLs x'g\ . zf;g ug]{jfnfdf od/fh d[To'sf b"t, d[To'sf zf;s x'g\ . s[i0fnfO{ zf;sx¿df
od/fh g} >]i7 nfUg'sf] sf/0f o; hut\df d[To'l;jfo s'g} klg ;To 5}g, afFsL ;a} s'/fx¿
clglZrt 5g\ / d[To' dfq Pp6f lglZrt 36gf xf] . od/fhsf] zf;gdf clnslt klg lzlyntf
5}g . ;a} s'/fx¿df ckjfb x'g ;S5 t/ od/fhsf] zf;gdf s'g} ckjfb 5}g lsgeg] ToxfF k"0f{
sfg'g 5 .
;dfhjfb Pp6f ;kgf xf] hf] slxNo} k"/f x'Fb}g . hLjg c;dfg 5 / k|s[ltut ¿kdf Ps
Ps JolQm c;dfg x'G5g\ . hut\df Pp6f dfq ;dfhjfb ;kmn x'G5 Tof] d[To'sf] ;dfhjfb xf] .
hLjgdf ;a} s'/f c;dfg 5g\ t/ d[To';dIf ;a} ;dfg x'G5g\ . ul/a, wgL, a'l4dfg\, d"9, ;'Gb/,
s'¿k, ;kmn, c;kmn, :qL, k'?if, afns, j[4, sfnf] / uf]/f] hf] sf]xL d[To'sf nflu ;dfg 5g\ .
od/fhsf] zf;gdf kIfkft x'Fb}g, To;}n] >Ls[i0f zf;sx¿df …dÚ od/fh x'F eGg'x'G5 . s[i0fsf] cy{
k/dfTdfaf6 s'g} kIfkft x'Fb}g eGg] xf] . xfdL ;a} k/dfTdf cfˆgf nflu ckjfb xf];\ eg]/ k|fy{gf

nf]suLtf– 454
 cWofo–!)
u5f}{+ t/ k/dfTdfaf6 s'g} ckjfb x'g} ;Sb}g lsgeg] k/dfTdf Pp6f zfZjt lgod xf] hf] ;a}df
a/fa/ nfu" x'G5 . lgod t6:y 5, h;n] g/fd|f] u5{ p;n] g/fd|f] kmn kfpF5 . hf] kxf8af6
xfDfkmfN5 pm tn 7f]lSsP/ d5{ . hf] hldgsf] w/ftnsf] Vofn ub}{g p;sf] v'§f efFlrG5 . hLjgsf
;a} lgod zfZjt 5g\ . >Ls[i0f d]/f] zf;gdf s'g} ckjfb / e]b x'Fb}g, lgod k"0f{ ¿kdf nfu" x'G5
/ of] d[To' h:t} ;'lglZrt 5≤ To;}n] …dÚ zf;sx¿df od/fh x'F eGg'x'G5 .
x] ch{'g Û b}Tox¿df …dÚ k|Xnfb x'F . k|Xnfbsf] hGd t b}Tox¿sf] 3/df ePsf] xf] t/ pxfF
k/delQmdf pknAw x'g'eof] . k|Xnfb h:tf] eQm vf]Hg cToGt d'l:sn x'G5 . k|Xnfbsf nflu ;f/f
kl/l:ylt ljk/Lt lyof] / To:tf] l:yltdf elQm ug]{ s'g} pkfo klg lyPg t/ klg k|Xnfb uxg eQm
x'g ;Sg'eof] . hxfF O{Zj/sf] gfd lng klg dgfxL lyof] ToxfF k|Xnfbn] O{Zj/sf] gfd lnP/
O{Zj/nfO{ g} k|fKt ug{ ;Sg'eof] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– kz'x¿df d[u/fh l;+x / kIfLx¿df …dÚ u?0f
x'F . u0fgf ug]{jfnfx¿df …dÚ ;do x'F . xfdLnfO{ ;do Ps If0feGbf a9L slxNo} k|fKt x'Fb}g . ha
Ps If0f ;lsG5 clg dfq bf];|f] If0f k|fKt x'G5 . xfd|f] xftdf b'O{ If0f Ps;fy slxNo} klg x'Fb}g .
;doeGbf ;"Id u0fgf sxLF x'Fb}g . ;gftgL b[li6af6 Ps Ps JolQmsf] If0f klxn] g} to ePsf]
x'G5 . s'g} klg JolQm cfkm"n] kfPsf] If0feGbf a9L afFRg ;Sb}g . xfd|f] lx;fadf of] lhGbuL cl3Nnf]
hGdsf] sd{af6 lgwf{/0f x'G5 . ;don] Ps If0f sd / a9L ub}{g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f u0fgf ug]{jfnfdf
…dÚ ;do x'F, ;dosf] ul0ft k"/f / kSsf x'G5 eGg'x'G5 .
ch{'g …dÚ logLx¿nfO{ dfg]{jfnf x'F eGg] ;f]Rb5g\ t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL;Fu PsIf0f
eGbf a9L ;do 5}g . ltdL PsIf0f eGbf Hofbfsf] lx;fa u/]/ s;/L dfg]{jfnf x'g ;S5f} . ltdLn]
rfx]/ klg sf]xL PsIf0f a9L afFRg ;Sb}gg\ . ;a}n] cfˆgf] ;do to u/]/ NofPsf 5g\ . hf] dg]{ 5g\
pgLx¿sf] ;do ;lsPsf] 5 / hf] afFRg] 5g\ pgLx¿sf] ;do cem afFsL 5, ltdL t s]jn lgldQ
dfq xf} To;eGbf a9L xf]Ogf} . k|To]s JolQm cf–cfˆgf] If0f lnP/ cfPsf] x'G5 To;eGbf a9L
PsIf0f klg sf]xL afFRg ;Sb}g / s;}n] csf{sf] If0f ;dfKt klg ug{ ;Sb}g .
kjgM kjtfdl:d /fdM z:qe[tfdxd\ .
emiff0ff+ ds/Zrfl:d ;|f]t;fdl:d hfXgjL ..#!..
kljq ug]{x¿df …dÚ jfo' x'F / z:qwf/Lx¿df …dÚ >L/fd x'F . df5fx¿df …dÚ uf]xL x'F /
gbLx¿df …dÚ efuL/yL uËf x'F ..
;uf{0ffdflb/GtZr dWo+ r}jfxdh{'g .
cWofTdljBf ljBfgf+ jfbM k|jbtfdxd\ ..#@..
x] ch{'g Û ;Dk"0f{ ;[li6sf] cflb, dWo / cGTo …dÚ g} x'F . ljBfx¿df cWofTd1fg cyf{t\
a|XdljBf / ts{zf:qx¿df …dÚ jfb -;f/e"t ;To_ x'F ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ kljq ug]{x¿df jfo' / z:qwf/Lx¿df /fd x'F . jfo' o; ;+;f/df
;jf{lws :jtGq 5 / p;sf] :jtGqtf g} p;sf] kljqtf xf] . jfo' sxLF klg afFlwPsf] Pjd\
/f]lsPsf] x'Fb}g ;fy} p;sf] sxLF nufj jf cf;lQm klg x'Fb}g lsgeg] jfo' Pp6f ;tt ult xf] . hxfF
nufj, h8tf, cf;lQm / /f]lsg] dg x'G5 ToxLF ckljqtf ;'? x'G5 . hLjgsf] ;f/f s'¿ktf g}
afFlwg' xf] / k|jfx g} kljqtf xf] . hxfF ;tt k|jfx x'G5, ToxfF kljqtf x'G5 . h;sf] k|jfx jfo'
h:tf] cf;lQm/lxt / sxLF klg g/f]lsg] x'G5 pxL kljqtfdf pknAw x'G5 . To;}n] ;GGof;Lx¿nfO{
gbL / jfo' h:t} ;tt k|jflxt x'g'k5{ elgGYof] .

nf]suLtf– 455
cWofo–!)
jfo' sxLF /f]ls+Fb}g, cfpg kfPsf] x'Fb}g uO;S5 / :kz{ ugf{;fy j]ujfg\ ultdf bf}l8G5 .
jfo'sf] csf]{ nIf0f cb[Zotf xf] . jfo'sf] cg'e"lt :kz{af6 x'G5 t/ of] b]lv+Fb}g / ;dfTg klg
;lsF+b}g . jfo'df hlt kljqtf x'G5 Tolt g} kf/blz{tf klg x'G5 . jfo'sf] kljqtf g} p;sf]
kf/blz{tf xf] . OlhK6df Pp6f nf]sf]lQm 5– ha sf]xL JolQm k"0f{ kljq x'G5, ta p;sf] 5fofF
aGb}g . of] nf]sf]lQmsf] cy{ ha sf]xL k/d kljq x'G5, ta p;nfO{ k"/f kf/bzL{ ¿kdf b]Vg ;lsG5
eGg] xf] . jfo'sf] x'g' / gb]lvg' l7s ;Gt h:tf] x'G5 . ;Gt klg l7s jfo' h:t} x'G5g\ h;nfO{
aflx/af6 hfGg ;lsGg . a'4 / dxfjL/ lgbf]{if afns h:t} x'g'x'G5 / pxfFx¿df xfjf h:t} kljqtf
5 lsgeg] pxfFx¿;Fu n]; dfq klg cxª\sf/ 5}g . b[Zotf kbfy{sf] u'0f xf] / cb[Zotf r}tGosf]
u'0f xf] . To;}n] xfdL z/L/ b]V5f}“ t/ cfTdf b]Vb}gf}“, 9'Ëf b]V5f}“ t/ k|]d b]Vb}gf}“ . h] b]lvG5 Tof] kbfy{
xf] / h] b]lv+Fb}g Tof] r}tGo k/dfTdf xf] . jfo' xfdL b]Vb}gf}“ t/ jfo'ljgf xfdL PsIf0f klg afFRg
;Sb}gf}“ . jfo' g} xfd|f] k|f0f / hLjg xf] t/ klg xfdL jfo'nfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}gf}“ s]jn cg'ej dfq ug{
;S5f}“ . jfo' ;bf xfd|f] lgs6 x'G5 / o;n] rf/}lt/af6 xfdLnfO{ 3]/]sf] 5 . xfdL p;}df hlGdG5f}+ /
hLjg ofkg ub{5f}“ t/ klg xfdL jfo' b]Vb}gf}“ . k/dfTdf klg l7s o:t} 5– xfdL p;}af6 rf/}lt/
3]l/Psf 5f}“, If0fe/ klg xfdL pmljgf afFRg ;Sb}gf}“ . k/dfTdf t jfo'eGbf klg lgs6 5 / pm xfd|f]
k|f0fsf] klg k|f0f xf] t/ klg k/dfTdfsf af/]df xfdLnfO{ s]xL yfxf 5}g .
>Ls[i0f z:qwf/Ldf …dÚ /fd x'F eGg'x'G5 . /fdsf] xftdf z:q Hofb} lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ b]lvG5 .
To;}n] /fd h:tf] JolQmsf] xftdf z:q x'g' gkg]{ xf] . /fdsf] JolQmTjnfO{ Wofg lbg] xf] eg] pxfFsf]
z/L/, cfFvf, xfpefp, :jefj, Jojxf/, cfr/0f;Fu z:qsf] s'g} ;DaGw hf]l8Fb}g . /fdsf] dgdf s'g}
lx+;fsf] efj 5}g / pxfFsf] s;};Fu O{iof{ / k|lt:kwf{ klg 5}g . pxfF s;}nfO{ b'v lbg rfxg'x'Gg t/
klg pxfFsf] xftdf z:q 5 . /fdsf] xftdf sdnsf] km"n ePsf] eP /fd|f] x'GYof] . /fdsf cfFvf
k|]dLsf cfFvf / pxfFsf] :jefj / efjeª\ludf Pp6f ;Hhg JolQmsf] h:tf] k|tLt x'G5 . /fd;Fu
z:qsf] s'g} d]n jf ;Ëlt 5}g . /fj0fsf] xftdf z:q ;fy{s / ;Ët nfUb5 . /fd a'4 h:tf]
x'g'x'G5 t/ z:q pxfFsf] xftdf x'Fbf /fj0f h:tf] b]lvg'x'G5 . t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– z:qwf/Ldf …dÚ
/fd x'F . s[i0fn] c¿ z:qwf/LnfO{ gr'g]/ z:qf:q /fd h:tf] JolQm;Fu dfq ;'/lIft /xg ;Sb5 /
o;sf] b'?kof]u x'Fb}g eg]/ /fdsf] k|tLs r'Gg' ePsf] xf] . /fj0fsf] xftdf z:q x'g' vt/gfs x'G5
h'g ;flat klg eO;s]sf] 5 . /fj0fleq lx+;fsf cltl/Qm c¿ s]xL klg 5}g . lx+;|ssf xftdf
z:q x'g' eg]sf] cfuf]df k]6«f]n xfn] h:tf] x'G5 . ;+;f/df clxn] unt JolQmx¿sf] xftdf zlQm 5 .
To;}n] zlQmn] JolQmnfO{ unt af6fdf lxF8fPsf] / zlQmsf] b'?kof]u u/]sf k|z:t pbfx/0f xfd|f;fd'
5g\ .
t/ /fdsf xftaf6 zlQmsf] b'?kof]u ePsf] 5}g / s'g} Jolerf/ b]lvPsf] 5}g . rl/qsf]
c;nL k/LIff zlQm cfkm";Fu ePsf] a]nfdf dfq x'G5 . clxn] k[YjLdf k|z:t Go'lSnP/ xltof/ tof/
5g\ . Pp6f Go'lSnP/ adn] s/f]8f}F JolQmx¿nfO{ dfg{ ;Sg] Ifdtf /fVb5 . ljZjsf] hg;ª\VofnfO{
s}og\ k6s dfg{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf ad tof/ eO;s]sf 5g\ . dflg;sf] ljsf;eGbf z:q–c:qsf]
ljsf; ›'tultdf eO/x]sf] 5 . @% xhf/ jif{ cufl8 9'Ëfsf] xltof/ k|of]u u/]/ zq'nfO{ dfl/GYof],
clxn] Pp6f adaf6 nfvf}“ JolQmnfO{ Ps;fy dfg{ ;lsG5 . clxn]sf] c:q–z:qsf] tof/Ln] krf;
c/aeGbf a9L dflg;nfO{ dfg{ ;lsG5, hals ;+;f/sf] s'n hg;+Vof ;ft c/a dfq 5 . cfh
dfgjsf] ljsf; eGbf zlQmsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . To;}n] xLgtfsf] af]w ePsf sltko JolQmn]
zlQmdf k'u]/ cfˆgf] ;Qf / zlQmsf] b'?kof]u u/]sf] kfOG5 . Jolerf/, j}dg:o ePsf] JolQmsf]
xftdf zlQm eof] eg] Tof] vt/gfs l;4 x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 456
 cWofo–!)
z:qwf/Ldf …dÚ /fd x'F eGg'sf] cy{ /fdsf] JolQmTj bf]xf]/f] eP/ xf] . JolQm pxfF a'4 h:tf]
x'g'x'G5 t/ zlQm /fj0fsf] h:tf] 5 . /fdh:tf] JolQm k[YjLdf vf]Hg ;lsGg . o; hut\df g/fd|f]
JolQmsf] xftdf ;Qf / zlQm x'g'sf] ;§f /fd|f] JolQmsf] xftdf zlQm eOlbP of] b'lgofF g} cnu /
/fd|f] x'g] lyof] . /fdsf] Pp6f cgf}7f] cfofd 5, /fd h:tf] JolQmTjsf] xftdf zlQm / ;Qf x'g'
eg]sf] zlQmsf] ;b'kof]u xf] . o;}n] s[i0fn] /fdsf] k|tLs r'Gg'ePsf] xf] . s[i0fn] …dÚ a'4 h:tf] zfGt
/ c;n klg 5' / g/fd|f]df /fj0f h:tf] klg x'g ;S5' cyf{t\ /fj0fsf] txdf o'4 u/]/ v/fanfO{
lgd{"n kfg{ klg ;S5' eGg vf]Hg'ePsf] xf] . /fdsf] :yfgdf a'4 jf dxfjL/ x'g'ePsf] eP o'4 g} x'g]
lyPg / o'4 eP klg /fj0fn] g} lhTg] lyof] . o; k|tLsdfkm{t s[i0fn] z:qc:qn] dnfO{ kl/jt{g
ub}{g eGg vf]Hg'ePsf] xf] . /fdn] o'4 ug{' eg]sf] aflx/ 36\g] dfq xf], pxfFleq s]xL klg 36\b}g,
leq pxfF zfGt x'g'x'G5 / cl:tTjsf] rfxgf cg';f/ sfo{ ug{'x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– df5fx¿df …dÚ uf]xL x'F, gbLx¿df …dÚ uËf x'F . x] ch{'g Û ;[li6sf] cflb,
dWo / cGTo klg …dÚ g} x'F . uËf;Fu lxGb"x¿sf] dg ulx/fOdf hf]l8Psf] 5 / uËfnfO{ Pp6f tLy{sf]
¿kdf dflgG5 . uËf;Fu wd{, ;+:s[lt / s}of}“ Clifd'lgx¿sf] ;DaGw klg hf]l8Psf] 5 . uËfeGbf
7'nf / nfdf gbLx¿ klg 5g\ . a|Xdk'q, cd]hg, Xjfªxf] h:tf s}of}“ gbLx¿ 5g\, hf] uËfeGbf 7'nf
5g\ . s[i0fn] uËfnfO{ k|tLssf] ¿kdf lngfsf] sf/0f o;sf] ljzfntfn] xf]Og, ljz]iftfn] xf] hf]
b'n{e 5 . k"/f k[YjLdf uËf Pp6f hLjGt gbL xf] . cGo ;a} gbLx¿sf] kfgL e/]/ /fv]df s]xL
;dokl5 tL ;8\5g\ t/ uËfsf] kfgL slxn] klg ;8\b}g . uËf Hofb} ljlzi6 gbL xf] / aGb l;;Ldf
klg uËfsf] kfgL :jR5 / kljq x'G5 . uËfdf w]/} kmf]xf]/, nf;x¿ ˆoflnG5g\ / tL ;a} kmf]xf]/,
x8\8Lx¿ klg p;d} nLg x'G5g\ . uËfn] ;a}nfO{ cfTd;\ft\ u/]/ cfˆgf] kljqtf sfod /fV5 .
uËfsf] kfgLsf] /f;folgs k/LIf0f ubf{ klg Tof] kfgL c;fwf/0f 5 eGg] kl/0ffd lg:s]sf] 5 .
uËfdf ;os8f}+ ;fgf 7'nf gbLx¿ ldl;G5g\, tL gbLx¿ cGo gbLdf klg ldl;G5g\ t/ cGo
gbLx¿sf] kfgLeGbf uËfsf] kfgL ljlzi6 5 . uËfaf6 nfvf}“ JolQmn] hLjgsf] k/d cj:yf kfPsf
5g\, h'g uËfsf] ljlzi6tf xf] .
ha s'g} ckljq JolQm kfgLsf] glhs a:5, ta kfgL klg k|efljt x'G5 . Tof] JolQmsf]
t/Ëaf6 cfR5flbt eP/ Tof] t/Ë kfgLn] cfkm"df lnG5 . To;}n] ;+;f/df w]/} wd{x¿n] kfgLsf]
pkof]u u/]sf 5g\ . O;fO{ wd{df Jofkl6Hd (Baptism) df klg kfgLsf] pkof]u x'G5 . hf]8{g gbL
O;fO{x¿sf nflu l7s To:t} gbL xf] h'g uËf ;gftgLx¿sf nflu xf] . nfvf}“ jif{b]lv uËfsf]
lsgf/fdf a;]/ dgLifLx¿n] tk:of u/L k|e'nfO{ kfpg] r]i6f u/]sf 5g\ . ha s;}n] Tof] k/dnfO{
kfpg] ;kmntf kfP, ta uËf klg Tof] pknlAwaf6 k|efljt ePsL 5g\ . uËfsf] Ps Ps hns0f
nfvf}“ jif{b]lv cg]sf}“ JolQmx¿sf tk / pknlAwx¿n] ubf{ cfWoflTds ¿kaf6 rfh{ ePsf] 5 .
To;}n] ;gftgLx¿n] uËfsf] lsgf/df tLy{ lgdf{0f u/]sf x'g\ . nfvf}“ JolQmx¿ uËfdf 8'a'NsL df/]/
cfˆgf] kfkdf]rg ug{sf nflu hfG5g\ . uËfsf] kljqtfdf JolQmn] >4fk"j{s cfˆgf] kfk kvfNg vf]h]
Tof] ;Dej klg x'g ;S5 t/ To;sf nflu cfˆgf] >4f, elQm / cfTdljZjf; klg TolQs} h?/L
x'G5 . h;n] dfgl;s ¿kdf >4f ug{ ;S5, p;sf nflu uËf gbL dfq geP/ cfWoflTds ofqf
x'G5 . h}gx¿sf afO; tLy{ª\s/x¿n] Pp6} kxf8 kf/;gfy lxN;df lgjf{0f k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . @$
tLy{ª\s/dWo] @@ hf] xhf/f}“ ;fnsf] cGt/df ePsf x'g\, pgLx¿ ;a}sf] Pp6} 7fpFdf d[To' x'g'
cfsl:ds 36gf x'g ;Sb}g, of] k"j{lgof]lht 36gf xf] . Tof] k"/f kxf8nfO{ rfh{ ug]{ r]i6f @@
tLy{ª\s/x¿n] ug{'ePsf] xf] . pxfFx¿n] Tof] kxf8nfO{ r'DasLo agfOlbg'eof], hxfF ljz]if pmhf{sf]
cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 .

nf]suLtf– 457
cWofo–!)
nfvf}+ jif{b]lv Clifd'lg, l;4, b]jtfu0fx¿åf/f k|bfg ul/Psf] pmhf{zlQm hf] uËfn] klg
cfTd;\ft\ u/]sf] 5, To;df g'xfP/ lxGb"x¿ Tof] pmhf{sf] cg'ej ub{5g\ . uËf ;fwf/0f gbL xf]Og
Pp6f cfWoflTds ofqf / k|of]u xf] . nfvf“}+ JolQmx¿n] nfvf}“ jif{b]lv uËfsf] ;flGgWodf d'lQm kfpg',
k/dfTdfsf] bz{gsf lglDt pknAw x'g', cfTd;\fIffTsf/ x'g' uËfsf] k|efjn] ubf{ g} xf] . Tof] c;Ld
pmhf{ hf] uËfn] cfTd;\ft\ u/]/ c¿nfO{ lbPsf] 5 ToxL g} uËfsf] dxfg\ ljlzi6tf xf] . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f …dÚ gbLx¿df uËf x'F eGg'x'G5 .
x] ch{'g Û ;[li6x¿sf] cflb, cGt / dWo klg …dÚ g} x'F / ljBfx¿df cWofTdljBf cyf{t\
a|XdljBf / ts{ljBfdf tŒjlg0f{osf nflu ul/g] jfb cyf{t\ ts{ / Gofo klg …dÚ g} x'F . cl:tTjdf
cgGt ljifox¿ 5g\ t/ cWofTdljBf c¿eGbf dxfg\ / leGg 5 . sf]xL ef}lts jf /;foglj1fg,
ul0ft jf Hof]ltiflj1fgdf bIf eof] eg] klg a|XdljBf gx'Gh]n cFWof/f]df g} x'G5 . ha;Dd
a|XdljBf x'Fb}g, ta;Dd hlt;'s} cGo ljBfsf] 1ftf eP klg cfˆgf] 1fgaf6 ckl/lrt g} eOG5 .
;f/f ljBfx¿ cfkm"nfO{ 5f]8]/ c¿nfO{ hfGb5g\ t/ cfTd1fg s'g} ljBfdf x'Fb}g . ;a} ljBfx¿leq
c1fgtf n's]sf] x'G5 t/ cWofTdljBf Tof] ljBf xf] h;af6 xfdL :jod\nfO{ hfGb5f}“ . :jod\nfO{
hfGg' g} ;a} hfGg' xf] / Tof] eGbf 7'nf] 1fg c¿ s]xL 5}g .
:jod\nfO{ ghfg]/ ;a} s'/f hfg] klg To:tf] hfGg'sf] s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g . h;n] s]xL ghfg]/ klg
cfkm"nfO{ hfGof], p;n] ;a} hfGof] lsgeg] cGttM hLjgsf] k/dfgGb :jod\nfO{ hfg]/ dfq 3l6t
x'G5 . d[To'sf] kf/ h;nfO{ n}hfg ;lsGg Tof] 1fg x'g ;Sb}g . 1fg Tof] xf] h;nfO{ d[To'n] klg
gi6 ug{ ;Sb}g . a|XdljBf k/dlj1fg (Supreme science) xf], h;af6 xfdL cfk"mnfO{ / Tof] hGd
/ d[To' gx'g] cd[tnfO{ hfGg ;S5f}“ . s[i0f k/:k/ ljrf/ / ljjfb ug]{jfnf ts{zf:qdf tŒj
lg0f{osf nflu ul/g] k|jfb, ts{ / Gofo klg …dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 . ts{ b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5– Pp6fdf xfdL
ts{ u/]/ c¿nfO{ unt l;4 ug{ vf]H5f}“ jf cfˆgf] cxª\sf/ l;4 ug{ vf]H5f}“ . o:tf] ts{ ;Tosf]
lh1f;fn] ul/Psf] x'Fb}g . o:tf] cxª\sf/nfO{ t[Kt ug]{ ts{ e|i6 ts{ jf s'ts{ xf] . csf]{ ts{ ;Tosf]
vf]hsf nflu ul/G5 h;df ;To s] xf] Tof] d"Nojfg\ x'G5 . ts{ Pp6f s;f}6L xf] h;n] ljrf/sf]
Ifdtf / lg0f{osf] zf:q hGdfpF5 h'g Pp6f snf klg xf] . >Ls[i0f ;Tosf] vf]hsf nflu ul/g] jfb
…dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 .
cIf/f0ffdsf/f]˜l:d åGåM ;fdfl;s:o r .
cxd]jfIfoM sfnf] wftfx+ ljZjtf]d'vM ..##..
cIf/x¿df …cÚ sf/ / ;df;x¿df …dÚ åGå gfds ;df; x'F . cIfosfn cyf{t\ sfnsf] klg
dxfsfn tyf ;a}lt/ d'v ePsf], lj/f6\:j¿k, ;a}sf] wf/0f–kf]if0f ug]{jfnf klg …dÚ g} x'F ..
d[To'M ;j{x/Zrfxd'∫jZr eljiotfd\ .
sLlt{M >Ljf{Sr gf/L0ff+ :d[ltd]{wf w[ltM Ifdf ..#$..
;a}nfO{ gfz ug]{x¿df d[To' / kl5 pTkGg x'g] ;[li6sf] sf/0f …dÚ g} x'F . gf/Lx¿df sLlt{, >L,
jf0fL, :d[lt, a'l4, w}o{ / Ifdf klg …dÚ g} x'F ..
a[xT;fd tyf ;fDgf+ ufoqL 5Gb;fdxd\ .
df;fgf+ dfu{zLiff]{˜xd[t"gf+ s';'dfs/M ..#%..
ufog ug{ of]Uo >'ltx¿df a[xT;fd, 5Gbx¿df ufoqL 5Gb …dÚ x'F . dlxgfx¿df dfu{zLif{ /
Ct'x¿df j;Gt Ct' klg …dÚ g} x'F ..

nf]suLtf– 458
 cWofo–!)
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ cIf/x¿df …cÚ sf/ / ;df;x¿df åGå gfds ;df; tyf cIfo sfn
/ lj/f6\ :j¿k ;a}sf] wf/0f–kf]if0f ug]{jfnf klg …dÚ g} x'F . x] ch{'g Û …dÚ ;a}sf] gfz ug]{jfnf d[To'
x'F / cufl8 x'g]jfnfsf] pTklQsf] sf/0f klg …dÚ x'F . >Ls[i0f s]xL gofF k|tLsx¿sf dfWodaf6 ToxL
s'/f km]l/ eGg] k|of; ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . ;To t Pp6} 5 t/ To;nfO{ w]/} k|sf/n] atfpg ;lsG5 . s[i0f
Pp6f dfu{af6 ePg eg] csf]{ dfu{af6 / bf];|f] dfu{af6 klg ePg eg] t];|f] dfu{af6 cToGt w}o{sf
;fy a'emfpg] r]i6f ug{'x'G5 . pxfF …dÚ cIfo sfn x'F eGg'x'G5 . cl:tTjdf ;a} s'/f Ifl0fs, IfL0f /
kl/jt{gzLn x'g] x'Fbf oxfF s]xL klg zfZjt x'Fb}g .
xfdLnfO{ b}lgs ToxL ;"o{ pbfpF5 eGg] nfU5 t/ ToxL ;"o{ pbfpg} ;Sb}g lsgeg] ;"o{ klg
k|ltkn ¿kfGtl/t eO/x]sf] 5 . ;"o{ hn]sf] cfuf] xf], h;/L cfufsf] d':nf] / lbof]sf] aQL k|ltkn
ablnG5, To;/L g} ;"o{ klg k|ltkn kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] x'G5 . ;fFem an]sf] lbof]sf] Hjfnf jf d':nf]
laxfg;Dd s}of}+k6s kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] x'G5 . Tof] d':nf]sf] k|jfx tLj|tfk"j{s abln/xg] x'Fbf xfdL
b'O{ d':nf]sf larsf] vfnL 7fpF b]Vg ;Sb}gf}“ . Tof] d':nf] ToxL >[Înfsf] ;Gtfg xf] t/ ToxL Hjfnf
xf]Og . ;"o{ klg lbof]sf] Hof]lt ablnP em}“ kl/jt{g eO/xG5 . To;}n] laxfg ToxL ;"o{ pbfpFb}g .
o:t} k[YjL, j[If / ofjt\ s'/fx¿ klg abln/x]sf x'G5g\ . kª\vfeGbf klg t]h ultdf ;a} s'/f
kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] 5 . xfdL h'g hldgdf a;]sf 5f}“, To;sf] Ps Ps 6'qmf t]h ultdf bf}l8/x]sf]
5 . xfd|f 3/sf x/]s OF§fsf 6'qmf / ;Dk"0f{ lrhx¿ ultdo eO/x]sf 5g\, s'g} s'/f l:y/ 5}gg\ . oL
;a} s'/fsf ;fy} xfdL ;a} klg k|ltkn kl/jt{g eO/x]sf 5f}“ . /flt ;'t]sf] JolQm laxfg p7\bf cs}{
eO;s]sf] x'G5 . xfd|f] hLjgwf/f klg alu/x]sf] 5 . xfdL xfd|f] efiffdf j[If 5 eGb5f}“ t/ jf:tjdf
j[If eO/x]sf] 5 eGg'kg]{ xf] . To:t} gbL eO/x]sf] 5, aRrf eO/x]sf] 5, d[To' eO/x]sf] 5 cyf{t\ ;a}
s'/f eO/x]sf 5g\ . k|To]s j:t' Ps k|lqmof / k|jfx xf] hf] k|ltkn alu/x]sf] 5 .
of] k|jfx / kl/jt{gsf] lardf s'g} s'/f cIfo 5 eg] Tof] ;do sfn xf] . of] kl/jt{gsf
lardf s'g} l:y/ 5 eg] Tof] kl/jt{g dfq xf] . hLjgdf ;dfKt gx'g] s'/f d[To' dfq xf] afFsL ;a}
s'/f db{5g\ . To:t} ;+;f/df Ps dfq IfL0f gx'g] s'/f ;do xf] . ;a} ablng] k|lqmof ;dodf 36\5
/ ;do ePg eg] kl/jt{g x'g} ;Sb}g . hut\df eO/x]sf ;a} kl/jt{gsf nflu ;do cfjZos
x'G5 . cl:tTj ;do;Fu Ps x'G5, ;a} s'/f ;doleq abln/x]sf] x'G5 t/ s]jn ;do dfq
ablnFb}g . To:t} cfsfz klg Ps :yfg xf] / ;a} s'/f x'gsf nflu cfsfz cfjZos x'G5, s]jn
cfsfzsf nflu c¿ s]xL cfjZos x'Fb}g . x/]s kl/jt{gsf nflu ;do h?/L x'G5 s]jn ;do
kl/jt{gsf nflu ;do klg h?/L x'Fb}g h;/L :yfg cfsfz xf], To:t} kl/jt{g ;do xf] .
j}1flgs cNa6{ cfOG:6fOgn] ;do / cfsfznfO{ hf]8]/ Pp6f gofF wf/0ff ljsl;t u/]sf
5g\ hf] cfw'lgs ef}ltszf:qsf] ljlzi6 wf/0ff xf] . cfOG:6fOgn] u/]sf] k|:tfj k"j{sf nflu k'/fgf]
s'/f xf] t/ klZrdsf] cfw'lgs lj1fg To;}sf] cf;kf; lgld{t ePsf] 5 . Tof] k|:tfj ;do /
cfsfz b'O{ xf]Og Pp6} xf] . cfOG:6fOgn] eg]sf 5g\ ls ;do klg cfsfzsf] Ps cfofd xf] .
cfOG:6fOgn] cfsfzsf tLg cfofd eg]sf 5g\ . s'g} klg s'/fsf nflu nDafO, rf}8fO / prfO oL
tLg cfofd cfjZos x'G5g\ . cfOG:6fOgsf cg';f/ rf}yf] cfofd ;do xf] . s'g} s'/f x'gsf nflu
rf}yf] s'/f klg rflxG5 . s'g} s'/f x'gsf nflu nDafO, rf}8fO, ulx/fO / Pp6f kl/jt{gsf] k|lqmof
rflxG5 . cfOG:6fOgn] eg]sf 5g\– ;do g} rf}yf] cfofd xf] (Time is the fourth dimension of
the space) . Tof] cfsfzs} rf}yf] cfofd xf] / cfOG:6fOgn] Ps zAb lgdf{0f u/] (Space-time) .
;do / cfsfzsf] Ps} cl:tTj 5 / s'g} s'/f x'gsf nflu kl/jt{g cfjZos x'G5 / cl:tTj
;dosf] k|jfx xf] .

nf]suLtf– 459
cWofo–!)
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ cIfo sfn x'F . …dÚ Tof] ;do x'F hf] slxn] klg ;lsFb}g . ;a} s'/f
;lsG5 t/ ;do dfq ;lsFb}g . ;"o{ klg lgE5, k[YjL a'9f] eP/ ;dfKt x'G5, 7'nf 7'nf tf/fx¿ klg
;dfKt x'G5g\ . of] lj/f6\ cl:tTjdf ;a} s'/f aG5 / ;dfKt x'G5 s]jn ;do aGg] qmddf klg
df}h'b x'G5 / ;dfKt x'g] a]nfdf klg df}h'b x'G5 . To:t} hGd / d[To' b'j}df ;do df}h'b x'G5 .
To;}n] dxfjL/n] t cfTdfsf] gfd g} ;do /fVg'eof] . h}gx¿n] Wofg / k|fy{gfnfO{ ;fdlos
eGb5g\ . ;fdlossf] cy{ ;dodf k|j]z ug{', cfTdfdf 8'Ag', cgGt ;dodf Ps x'g' xf] . hf] Tof]
zfZjt ;dodf Ps x'G5, pm k/dfTdf;Fu Ps x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f cfkm"nfO{ cIfosfn eGg'x'G5 .
;do cIfo 5 hf] s;}n] sf6]/ s6\b}g . xfdL ;do sfl6/x]sf 5f}“ eG5f}“ t/ of] xfd|f] e|flGt xf],
;don] xfdLnfO{ sfl6/x]sf] 5 . ;dosf] zfZjt ;To >Ls[i0f x'g'x'G5 afFsL ;a} Ifo x'G5 / ;do
dfq cIfo x'G5 . ;gftgLx¿n] d[To'nfO{ klg ;do dfg]sf 5g\ . To;}n] xfdL ;do / d[To' b'j}nfO{
sfn eGb5f}“ . o;sf] cy{ ;dosf] d[To' x'Fb}g . To;}n] ;do / d[To' b'j} Pp6} xf] . d[To' Ps zfZjt
;To xf], xfd|f] cl:tTj ;dosf] wf/df s6\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . xfdL s0f s0f eP/ alu/x]sf 5f}F / h'g
lbg xfdL k"/f aUg] 5f}“, ToxL lbg d[To' 3l6t x'Gf] 5 . ;don] xfdLnfO{ k|ltkn aufpFb} 5, oxL xfd|f]
lgolt xf] .
;dosf ;fy Pstf ;fWg' k/dfTdf;Fu Pstf ;fWg' xf] . of] Pstf ;fWg' eg]sf] kl/jt{g;Fu
cfTd;\ft\ ug{' cyf{t\ h] eP klg To;;Fu /fhL x'g' xf] . t;y{ ;don] h] NofP klg To;;Fu k"0f{
tfnd]n u/]/ :jLsf/ efj /fVg'k5{ . la/fdL, a'9\of}nL, d[To' h] cfP klg :jLsf/ ug]{ efj ePdf
dfq ;donfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 . ;dosf] wf/df sf]xL klg pN6f] aUg ;Sb}g lsgeg] k5fl8 ;do g}
x'Fb}g . xfdLnfO{ ;do Ps If0f dfq k|fKt x'G5 hxfF ctLt / eljio b'j} x'Fb}g . ;dosf] wf/;Fu aUg'
/ ;donfO{ s'g} afwf gu/L h] NofpF5 u'gf;f] gu/L :jLsf/ ug{' g} wfld{s x'g' xf] . of] ;do;Fu
:jLsf/ efjsf] If0fdf g} ;dosf] cIfo ¿ksf] bz{g x'G5 . clxn] xfd|f] ;do 38Lsf] ;do xf], Tof]
cIfo ;do xf]Og . 38Lsf] ;do xfd|f] lgld{t ;do xf] Tof] jf:tljs ;do xf]Og . xfdLn] lbgnfO{
@$ 306f, ! 306fnfO{ ^) ldg]6df / Ps ldg]6nfO{ ^) ;]s]G8df afF8]sf 5f}“ . of] xfd|f] cj:yf xf] /
o;;Fu d"n ;dosf] s'g} ;DaGw 5}g . of] Pp6f sfd rnfp ;do lgdf{0f ul/Psf] dfq xf] .
;donfO{ xfdL ta lrGg] 5f}“, ha xfdL k"0f{ :jLsfo{tfdf pknAw x'g] 5f}“ . Tof] lbg >Ls[i0fn]
eGg'ePsf] sfnsf] cIfo:j¿k xfd|f] cg'ejdf cfpg] 5 . wfld{s JolQm ;dosf] wf/df Ps x'G5
clg wf/n] hxfF n}hfG5 Tot}lt/ au]/ hfG5 .
sfnsf] of] cIfotf cg'ejdf cfof] eg] k/dfTdfsf] uxgtd ¿k :d/0fdf cfpg yfN5 . x]
ch{'g Û …dÚ ;a}nfO{ gfz ug]{x¿df d[To' / cufl8 x'g]x¿df pTklQsf] sf/0f klg x'F . d[To' klg …dÚ
x'F / hGd klg …dÚ g} x'F . xfd|f] hGd t x'G5 t/ xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] hGdsf af/]df s]xL yfxf x'Fb}g, xfd|f]
hGd k/dfTdfsf] pkxf/ xf] . cl:tTjn] xfdLnfO{ hGd lbG5 To;df xfd|f] s'g} r'gfj x'g ;Sb}g /
Tof] xfdLnfO{ yfxf klg x'Fb}g . h;/L hGd xfd|f] xftdf x'Fb}g, To:t} d[To' klg xfd|f] xftdf x'Fb}g .
hGd / d[To' b'j} lj/f6\sf] xftdf x'G5 . h;n] hGd lbG5 p;}n] d[To' klg lbg] x'gfn] ;d:t
wd{x¿n] cfTdxTofsf] lj/f]w u/]sf x'g\ . h'g sfd k/dfTdfn] ug]{ xf] To;nfO{ xfdLn] ug{' dxfkfk
xf] . olb hGd xfdL lbg ;Sb}gf}“ eg] d[To' xfdLn] r'Gg vf]Hg' kfk xf] . k/dfTdfsf] sfd cfkm"n] ug{
vf]Hg' ;dli6sf] sfddf x:tIf]k ug{' xf] . xTof lx+;fsf] lj/f]w ug{'sf] sf/0f klg oxL xf] . hGdsf]
dflns gePsf] JolQmn] d[To' cfˆgf] v';Ln] r'Gg vf]Hg' / stf{kg sfod ug{ vf]Hg' k/dfTdfk|lt
kfk ug{' xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d[To' klg …dÚ x'F / hGd klg …dÚ x'F / hGd / d[To'sf] sf/0f
klg …dÚ g} x'F .

nf]suLtf– 460
 cWofo–!)
ch{'gsf dgdf h;nfO{ …dÚ hGdfpg ;lSbgF To;nfO{ d lsg / s;/L df¿F eGg] k|Zg
p7]sf] x'g'k5{ t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdLnfO{ hf] d}n] df5{' eGg] nfU5 Tof] ltd|f] e|flGt dfq xf]
lsgeg] dfg]{jfnf c¿ sf]xL xf]Og s]jn …dÚ x'F . ltdLn] rfx]/ s]xL x'Fb}g / ltdL dfg{ klg ;Sb}gf} .
Tof] dfg]{ ljrf/ klg ToxL ;|f]taf6 cfpF5, hxfFaf6 hGd x'G5 . o; hut\df e|flGtx¿sf cltl/Qm
xfdL;Fu s]xL klg 5}g . ;To xfd|f] xftdf 5}g, xfdL ;Tosf] xftdf 5f}“ . hLjg xfdLaf6 xf]Og xfd|f]
ulx/fOaf6 rN5 / hxfFaf6 hLjg / d[To' cfpF5 pxL k/dfTdf xf] . xfdL s]jn larsf] Pp6f nx/
dfq xf}“ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– g ltdL hGd lbg ;S5f} g d[To' g} lbg ;S5f} . olb ltdLn]
of] ;TonfO{ hfGof} eg] ltdL lgldQ dfq x'g] 5f} . ltdLåf/f s;}sf] hGd / d[To' 3l6t eof] eg]
klg Tof] dåf/f g} x'G5, ltdL t s]jn Pp6f pks/0f dfq x'G5f} .
uLtf em§ x]bf{ t of] lx+;|s b[li6 eP h:tf] nfU5 t/ uLtfeGbf k/d clx+;|s b[li6 vf]Hg
;Dej g} 5}g . a'4 / dxfjL/sf] clx+;feGbf s[i0fsf] clx+;f ulx/f] 5 lsgeg] of] df}lns lx+;fsf]
cfwf/n] cxª\sf/nfO{ g} tf]8\b5 . ha s'g} JolQm …dÚ clx+;f u5{' egL ;f]Rb5 ta klg cxª\sf/
hLljt x'G5 / lx+;f hf/L x'G5 . dxfjL/ / a'4sf] clx+;fdf csf{nfO{ gdfg{', c¿nfO{ b'v si6 glbg',
xTof gug{' elgPsf] 5 lsgeg] of] cwfld{s s'/f xf] t/ >Ls[i0f Pssbd cufl8 a9]/ eGg'x'G5–
ltdLn] dfg{ ;S5' eGg] dfGotf g} lx+;f xf] / arfpg ;S5' eGg] dfGotf klg cxª\sf/¿kL lx+;f g}
xf] . ha ltdLn] hGd lbg' / dfg{' b'j} k/dfTdfsf] sfd xf] / lardf kg{' d"9tf xf] egL hfGg] 5f},
ta Tof] k/d clx+;fnfO{ aNn a'‰g] 5f} .
x] ch{'g Û d ;a}sf] gfz ug]{jfnf d[To' / cufl8 x'g]jfnfsf] pTklQsf] sf/0f x'F tyf
:qLx¿df sLlt{, >L, jfs\ :d[lt, d]wf, w[lt / Ifdf x'F . klxnf] k6s >Ls[i0fn] :qLsf k|tLs klg r'Gg'
ePsf] 5 . :qLdf k/dfTdf vf]Hg'k¥of] eg] sxfF vf]Hg ;lsG5 eg]/ s[i0f :qLx¿sf] k|tLs atfpFb}
x'g'x'G5 . :qLnfO{ xfdL hlxn] klg Pp6f ef]usf] ;fwgsf] ¿kdf x]b{5f}“ . :qLdf xfdL jf;gf b]Vb5f}+
/ :qL Pp6f ef]Uo j:t' dfq dfG5f}“ t/ :qLx¿sf] klg a:ffO, lxF8fO / j:q ;a} k'?ifsf] jf;gfnfO{
på]lnt ug]{ k|sf/n] r'lgPsf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf j:q, >[ª\uf/sf 9Ë cfˆgf nflu sd / k'?ifnfO{
a9L cfslif{t ug]{ vfnsf x'G5g\ . sLlt{sf] cy{ o:tL :qL hf] cfkm"nfO{ jf;gfsf] ljifo dfg]/
afFlRbgg\, pgsf] b[li6 ef]Uo ;fwg / jf;gfeGbf dfly x'G5 . o:tL :qLnfO{ cgf}7f] ;f}Gbo{ k|fKt x'G5
/ Tof] ;f}Gbo{ sLlt{ / oz xf] . sLlt{ :qLsf] Pp6f cfGtl/s u'0f xf] hf] jf:tjdf p;sf] leqL
;f}Gbo{ xf], Tof] ;f}Gbo{sf] gfd sLlt{ xf] . sLlt{ :qLleqsf] u'0fjQf xf], hxfF jf;gf z]if /xFb}g / :qL
cfˆgf] leqL ;f}Gbo{af6 afFlR5g\ . dft[Tjsf] d"No sLlt{sf] sf/0fn] k}bf x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
:qLx¿df …dÚ sLlt{ x'F . of] :qLx¿sf] cToGt dxfg\ u'0f xf] .
ha s'g} k'?ifdf jf;gf lt/f]lxt x'G5, ta a|Xdro{ kmlnt x'G5 . To:t} ha s'g} :qLdf
jf;gf lt/f]lxt x'G5, ta sLlt{ kmlnt x'G5 . olb k'?if a|Xdro{df pknAw eof] eg] p;sf] ;f/f
jLo{ pmhf{df cfTd;\ft\ x'g yfNb5 t/ :qLsf] sfd pmhf{ clgjfo{ ¿kdf p;sf] dfl;s wd{df
:vlnt eO/xG5, h'g oGqjt\ Joj:yf xf] . To;}n] :qLsf] sfdJoj:yf k'?ifsf] h:tf] cGt;\df
lt/f]lxt x'g ;Sb}g . k'?ifsf] sfdpmhf{ ha cGt;\df lt/f]lxt x'G5 ta t]h hlGdG5 / ToxL t]h
a|Xdro{ xf] t/ :qLsf] Joj:yf p;sf] z/L/sf] k|s[ltsf sf/0fn] cGoyf x'G5 lsgeg] dfl;s wd{
p;sf] :j]R5fn] x'Fb}g . k'?ifsf] jLo{zlQm p;sf] OR5fdf lge{/ x'G5 t/ :qLdf :j]R5fn] of] ;Dej
x'Fb}g . To;}n] :qLsf] a|Xdro{sf] ;fwgf k'?ifeGbf leGg x'G5 . k'?ifsf] ;fwgfdf jLo{sf] pWj{s/0f
x'G5, k'?ifsf] pmhf{ cfqmfds x'G5 t/ :j]R5fdf lge{/ x'G5 t/ :qLsf] o:tf] x'Fb}g≤ Tof] p;sf]

nf]suLtf– 461
cWofo–!)
:j]R5fdf lge{/ x'Fb}g . To;}n] dxfjL/n] t :qL k'?ifsf] ¿kdf ghGdLsg df]Ifdf k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g
eGg'ePsf] 5 lsgeg] dxfjL/sf] ;fwgfn] k"/f a|Xdro{df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
sLlt{sf] ;fwgf k'?ifsf] a|Xdro{ h:tf] x'G5 . olb s'g} :qL sLlt{df pknAw eP eg] pgLx¿
df]If k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ . :qLsf] lrQdf hlt tLj|tfsf ;fy kTgLefjnfO{ Tofu]/ dft[Tj efj hfu[t
x'G5, Tolt g} sLlt{ kmlnt x'G5 . of] dft[Tj kmlnt x'g] u'0fsf] gfd sLlt{ xf] . sLlt{ kmlnt ePkl5
:qLdf cgf}7f] ;f}Gbo{ hlGdG5, hf] ¿ksf] ;f}Gbo{eGbf s}of}“ u'0ff ;'Gb/ x'G5 . sLlt{ Pp6f ;fwgf xf]
/ ha sLlt{ kmlnt x'G5 ta :qLnfO{ :qL ePsf] af]w klg x'Fb}g, ta :qLdf >Lsf] km"n km'Nb5 /
p;df gofF ;f}Gbo{ hfu[t x'G5 . Tof] ;f}Gbo{nfO{ xfdL ckfly{j eGg ;S5f}“ . To:tf] ;f}Gbo{ b'n{e
¿kdf slxn]sfxLF dl/od, dL/f cflbdf b]lvG5 . >Lsf] u'0f :qLsf] r/d pTsif{sf] u'0f xf] . ha
:qLdf :q}0ftfsf] u'0f klg ;dfKt x'G5, ta pm lbJo x'G5] / >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 Tof] >L …dÚ x'F . k|foM
:qLx¿ r'k nfu]/ a;]sf] kfOFb}g / w]/} af]nrfn ug]{ pgLx¿sf] afgL x'G5 . jfs\ ta k|s6 x'G5,
ha :qL cfˆgf] cl:tTjdf k/d df}gtfdf x'G5g\, ta :qLsf] jf0fL ax'd"No x'G5 . hf] :qL df}g x'g
;lSbg pm slxNo} klg jfs\df pknAw x'Gg . df}gtfsf] cfˆgf] ul/df x'G5 lsgeg] zAb klg
cfqmd0f xf] / df}g dfq cgfqmd0f xf] .
k|fRoljBfsf ljlzi6 cWo]tf jfr:kltn] ljjfx u/L kTgL lnP/ cfpg'eof] t/ afx| jif{;Dd
kTgL 3/df l5g\ eGg] klg la;{g'eof] . k"/f Wofgdf lnKt eP/ jfr:klt a|Xd;"qdf 6Lsf n]lv/xg'
ePsf] lyof] . j[4 afa'n] eg]sf sf/0f ljjfx ug{'eof] / kTgLnfO{ 3/df NofPkl5 pxfF dUg eP/
n]Vg nfUg'eof] . o;/L g} afx jif{ laTof] . jfr:kltn] k|0f ug{'ePsf] lyof]– h'g lbg 6Lsf k"/f x'G5,
To;} lbg d 3/ 5f]8]/ ;GGof;L x'G5' . afx| jif{ k'Ug] cl3Nnf] /ft 6Lsf k"/f eof] . crfgs
jfr:kltn] Pp6f ;'Gb/ xftn] lbof]sf] aQL p7fO/x]sf] b]Vg'eof] / ;f]Wg'eof] ltdL sf] xf} < :qLn]
elgg\– wGo d]/f] efUo Û tkfO{+n] ;f]Wg' t eof], d afx| jif{cl3 ljjfx u/]/ 3/df NofPsL tkfO+{sL
kTgL x'F / d afx| jif{b]lv b}lgs tkfO{+n] s]xL ;f]Wg'x'G5 eg]/ k|tLIff u/]/ al;/x]sL 5' . pxfFn]
eGg'eof]– olt ;do;Dd ltdL sxfF lyof}, kTgLn] eGg'eof]– d t b}lgs oxfF cfpFy] / ha aQLdf
t]n ;lsGYof] ta t]n / aQL l7s kfl/lbGy“]+ .
tkfO{+sf] sfddf afwf gk/f];\ eg]/ slxNo} klg tkfO{+sf cufl8 cfOgF . jfr:kltsf] cfFvfdf
cfF;' cfof] / pxfFn] eGg'eof] ca t w]/} l9nf] eof] lsgeg] h'g lbg of] 6Lsf ;lsG5 ToxLF If0f 3/
5f]8]/ ;GGof;L x'G5' eGg] d}n] k|0f lnPsf] 5' . ltdLn] dnfO{ afx| jif{;Dd k|tLIff u¥of}, ca t 3/
5f]8]/ lxF8\g nfu]sf] 5' . To;}n] ltd|f nflu d s] ug{ ;S5' . pxfFsL :qLsf] gfd efdtL lyof] .
To;}n] pxfFn] cfˆgf] a|Xd;"qsf] 6Lsfsf] gfd efdtL /fVg'eof] . efdtL;Fu a|Xd;"qsf] s'g} dtna
5}g t/ klg pxfFn] cfˆgL kTgLsf] gfddf a|Xd;"q6Lsfsf] gfd /fVg'eof] . jfr:kltn] 3/ 5f]8\g'
cl3 ;f]Wg'eof]– ltdL t b'vL 5\of} xf]nf < kTgLn] eGg'eof]– deGbf ;f}efUozfnL gf/L sf]xL 5}gg\
lsgeg] of] tkfO{+sf cfFvfdf cfF;' cfpg' klg d]/f nflu kof{KTf 5 . To;}n] d]/f] t hLjg s[tfy{
eof] . cfˆgL kTgL;Fu jfr:kltsf] olt dfq s'/f x'g kfof] . t/ Tof] afx| jif{;Ddsf] df}gtfkl5 s]xL
zAbx¿ JoQm eP Tof] jf0fL, jfs\ xf] . :qLsf] k/d df}gaf6 lgl:sg] jf0fL jfs\ xf] . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– d jfs\, :d[lt, d]wf, w[lt clg Ifdf x'F .
:d[lt k'?if / dlxnfdf cnu–cnu x'G5 . :qL / k'?ifdf ;dfg k|sf/sf] s'/f s]xL klg
x'Fb}g . k'?ifsf] :d[lt af}l4s x'G5 / :qLsf] :d[lt cl:tTjut Pjd\ k"0f{ x'G5 . k'?ifn] s'g} :qLnfO{
k|]d ubf{ p;sf] :d[ltdf d}n] k|]d u/]sf] lyPF eGg] efj /xG5 t/ :qLn] u/]sf] k|]d p;sf] s0f s0fdf
;dflxt ePsf] x'G5, Tof] k|]ddf p;sf] k"/f JolQmTj /D5 / el/G5 . :qLsf] k|]d dgaf6 dfq xf]Og

nf]suLtf– 462
 cWofo–!)
k"/f cl:tTjut ¿kdf el/Psf] x'G5 . To;}n] k'?ifn] rfx]df w]/} :qLx¿;Fu k|]d ug{ ;Sb5 t/
:qLnfO{ w]/} k'?if;Fu k|]d ug{ :jefjtM sl7g x'G5 . k'?ifsf nflu ;a} 36gf a'l4df x'G5 t/ :qLsf
nflu ;f/f 36gfx¿ p;sf] JolQmTjdf x'G5 . k'?ifsf] sfdjf;gf p;sf] sfd s]G›df x'G5 t/
:qLsf] sfdjf;gf k"/f z/L/df g} km}lnPsf] x'G5 . :qLsf] :d[lt k"0f{ 5 h;sf] cfofd g} leGg x'G5 .
s'g} k'?if lktf ePg eg] klg p;sf] JolQmTjdf s'g} leGgtf x'Fb}g . To;}n] k'?ifsf] pT;'stf lktf
aGg] sd klt aGg] Hofbf x'G5 t/ :qLsf] pT;'stf df}lns ¿kdf cfdf aGg] x'G5 / kltnfO{ klg
pgn] cfdf aGg] qmdsf nflu :jLsf/ ub{l5g\ . k'?ifsf] lktf aGg] sf/0f lx;faut cyf{t\ cfˆgf]
;DklQ, lk08bfg cflb sfo{sf nflu x'G5 . cfdfsf] ;DaGw cfˆgf] ;Gtfg;Fu lgik|of]hg x'G5, Tof]
p;s} cl:tTjsf] lj:tf/ xf] . >Ls[i0f :qLdf …dÚ :d[lt x'F / h;/L :qLn] cfˆgf ;Gtfg;Fu
lgik|of]hg k|]d;DaGw /fV5g\, To:t} olb sf]xL k/dfTdfdf k|of]hg/lxt :d[lt /fV5 eg] p;n] dnfO{
Tof] :d[ltdf kfpg] 5 eGg'x'G5 . :qL h:t} k/dfTdfk|lt :d[lt /fVg ;Sof] eg] dfq …dÚ pknAw x'g]
5' eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 .
d]wf, w[lt / Ifdf …dÚ x'F . w[ltsf] cy{ w}o{, l:y/tf xf] . k'?if h}ljs sf/0fn] Hofb} cwL/
x'G5 . To;}n] p;sf] k"/f JolQmTj cwL/ x'G5 t/ :qL zfGt, l:y/ / w}o{n] el/Psf x'G5g\ . k'?if
z/L/af6 zlQmzfnL x'G5 t/ hxfF l:y/tfsf] k|Zg x'G5 :qL w]/} zlQmzfnL x'G5g\ . hxfF;Dd
;xgzlQmsf] k|Zg 5, :qL w]/} zlQmzfnL x'G5g\ . :qLn] gf} dlxgf;Dd cfˆgf] aRrfnfO{ ;f/f si6
b'v ;x]/ k]6df /fVb5g\ t/ k'?ifn] /fVg'k/]sf] eP gf} ldg]6 klg /fVg ;Sb}gYf] . cfdf aRrfnfO{
x'sf{pF5g\ t/ k'?if Psl5g klg aRrfnfO{ x]g{ ;Sb}g . k'?if h'g si6df l6Sg ;Sb}g To:tf] si6
klg :qLn] ;xg ;Sb5g\ . oL zlQmx¿sf sf/0f :qLsf] pd]/ k'?ifsf] eGbf kfFr jif{ a9L x'G5 .
:qLx¿ k'?ifeGbf sd la/fdL kb{5g\ / la/fdL kbf{ klg zf/Ll/s sd dfgl;s la/fdL Hofbf
x'G5g\ . :qLsf] JolQmTjdf hlt dfqfdf k|]d / dft[Tj x'G5 Tolt g} Ifdf klg x'G5 . k'?ifsf nflu
Ifdf cEof; u/]/ dfq x'G5 / :qLdf Tof] ;xh ¿kdf p¢fl6t x'G5 lsgeg] Tof] p;sf] :jefj xf] .
>Ls[i0fn] ha;Dd :qLdf ePsf] u'0f ljsl;t x'Fb}g, ta;Dd hut\df ;Gt'ng sfod x'g ;Sb}g
eGg'ePsf] 5 t/ k'?ifk|wfg ;dfh ePsf sf/0f k'?ifsf u'0fx¿sf] ljsf; eof] t/ :qLsf u'0fx¿sf]
ljsf; x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fy} :qL klg cfh k'?if h:t} x'g vf]lh/x]sf 5g\, hf] Pp6f b'ef{Uok"0f{ s'/f
xf] . :qLsf] u'0f k'?ifeGbf leGg 5 / olb :qL k'?if h:t} x'g vf]h] eg] :qLsf s]xL u'0f k"/} x/fP/
hfg] ;Defjgf x'G5 .
cfh klZrdsf :qLx¿df sLlt{, >L, Ifdf, w[lt / ;du| :d[lt klg b]lvFb}g lsgeg] :qLx¿
k'?if h:t} ug]{ sf]l;; ub}{ 5g\ . o;af6 :qLnfO{ g} xflg x'g] 5 lsgeg] pgLx¿n] rfx]/ klg k'?if
x'g ;Sb}gg\ . k'?if h:tf] eP pgLx¿ s'¿k / ljs[t x'g] 5g\ . To;}n] :qLsf] u'0f s[i0fn] cnu
¿kdf atfpg'ePsf] xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb ltdLn] dnfO{ :qLx¿df vf]Hg' 5 eg] sLlt{, >L,
jfs\, :d[lt, d]wf, w[lt / Ifdfdf vf]h .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ufog ug{of]Uo >'ltx¿df ;fdj]bdf, 5Gbx¿df ufoqLdf, dlxgfdf
dfu{zLif{df / Ct'x¿df j;Gt Ct'df …dÚ g} 5' . Ct'x¿df …dÚ km"nsf] pT;jsf] ;do j;Gt Ct'
x'F . k/dfTdfnfO{ phf8 cj:yfdf vf]h]/ kfOFb}g . hxfF hLjg j;Gtdf aLh cª\s'l/t eP/ km"n
aGb5 / pT;j dgfpF5, To:tf] pT;j / j;Gtdf …dÚ x'G5' egL >Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] 5 . O{Zj/
s]jn p;n] k|fKt u5{ hf] hLjgnfO{ pT;jdf, /;df, 5Gbdf, ;ËLtdf b]Vg ;Sb5 . phf8
jftfj/0fdf k|foM O{Zj/nfO{ b]Vg d'l:sn k5{ . df}h'b t pm ToxfF klg x'G5 t/ h;n] j;Gtdf,

nf]suLtf– 463
cWofo–!)
pT;jdf, km"n km'n]sf] cj:yfdf klg b]Vg ;Sb}g, p;n] phf8 :yfgdf s;/L b]Vg ;Sb5 <
j;Gtdf b]Vg]n] t p;nfO{ phf8df klg b]Vg ;S5 t/ klxn] j;Gtdf b]Vg' cfjZos x'G5 .
B"t+ 5notfdl:d t]h:t]hl:jgfdxd\ .
hof]˜l:d Joj;fof]˜l:d ;Œj+ ;ŒjMtfdxd\ ..#^..
5n sk6x¿df d B"t x',F t]h:jLx¿sf] t]h klg …dÚ g} x'F . pBf]uL jf ;fxl;s sfo{ ug]{x¿df
d ljho x',F lgZro ug]x{ ¿sf] lgZro / ;flŒjs k'?ifsf] ;flŒjs efj klg …dÚ g} x'F ..
j[i0fLgf+ jf;'b]jf]›l:d kf08jfgf+ wg~hoM .
d'gLgfdKox+ Jof;M sjLgfd'zgf sljM ..#&..
j[i0fLj+zLx¿df …dÚ jf;'b]j cyf{t\ …dÚ :jod\ ltd|f] ldq / kf08jx¿df …dÚ wg~ho cyf{t\
ch{'g x',F d'lgx¿df Jof; / slj Pjd\ lrGtsx¿df …dÚ z'qmfrfo{ x'F ..
b08f] bdotfdl:d gLlt/l:d lhuLiftfd\ .
df}g+ r}jfl:d u'Xofgf+ 1fg+ 1fgjtfdxd\ ..#*..
c/fhstfnfO{ bdg ug]{ ;fwgx¿dWo] …dÚ b08 cyf{t\ bdg ug]{ zlQm x',F ljhosf] rfxgf
ug]{x¿df gLlt klg …dÚ x'F . /x:ox¿df df}g / 1fgLx¿sf] tŒj1fg klg d g} x'F ..
x] ch{'g Û d 5n ug]{jfnfdf B"t, k|efjzfnL k'?ifsf] k|efj, lhTg]jfnfx¿sf] ljho, lgZro
ug]{jfnfsf] lgZro / ;flŒjs k'?ifx¿sf] ;flŒjs efj x'F . >Ls[i0f crDdsf] s'/f eGg'x'G5– 5n
ug]{jfnfdf …dÚ h'jf x'F . hLjg g} h'jf xf] / hLjgsf] l:ylt h'jfdf 5n h:tf] k|s6 x'G5 . hLjgdf
xfdL h;nfO{ kfpg] k|of; u5f}{+, To;nfO{ kfpg ;Sb}gf}“≤ kfOG5 h:tf] nfU5 t/ x/]s k6s lg/fzf
dfq xft k5{ . d[To'sf] If0fdf rfx]sf] s'/f gkfP/ s]jn jf;gfsf] y'k|f] dfq xft nfU5 . d[To'sf]
If0fdf d[To'sf] kL8f geO{ Joy{df hLjg uPsf]df kL8f x'G5 . h;n] hLjgsf] ;fy{stf hfGb5g\
pgLx¿nfO{ d[To'sf] kL8f geP/ d[To' Pp6f lj>fd dfq x'G5 . d[To'sf] If0fdf hLjgsf] Joy{tfsf]
af]w x'g l9nf] eO;s]sfn] rfx]/ klg To;nfO{ ;'wfg{ ;lsFb}g . xfdLn] xhf/f}F hGd lnO;s]sf 5f}“ /
x/]s hGddf xfdLn] oxL e"n u/]sf 5f}“ . jf;gf k"/f ug{ ;do dfu]sfn] xfd|f] k'gM hGd ePsf] xf] .
x/]s k6s d[To' cfpFbf xfd|f] jf;gf cw'/f] x'G5 / xfdL TolQs} cw'/f x'G5f}F .
h'jfsf] v'aL s] 5 eg] h'jfdf sf]xL klg slxNo} lhTb}g, oxL g} h'jfsf] 5n xf] . x/]s
JolQmnfO{ lht] h:tf] nfU5 t/ sf]xL lhTg ;Sb}g . h'jfdf h;n] xf5{ p;nfO{ of] k6s lht ePg
eg] klg csf]{ k6s lglZrt lhTg] 5' eGg] nfU5 t/ cGttM xf/ dfq x'G5 . slxn]sfxLF lhtsf]
emns klg b]lvG5 / Tof] emnsn] cem 7'nf] xf/ cfof]lht u/]sf] x'G5 . Ps k6ssf] lhtn] cem
lhTg] cfsfª\Iff hGdfpF5 / ToxL cfsfª\Iffn] xf/df n}hfG5, cGttM ;a}sf] xf/ x'G5 / lht s]jn
h'jfsf] dfq x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 5nx¿df …dÚ h'jf x'F h'g z'4td 5n xf] . sf]xL
slxNo} klg lhTb}g / cGtdf xft vfnL /xG5 . v]n rln/xG5, xf/ / lht eO/xG5, sf]xL xf5{ /
sf]xL lhT5, sf]xL aG5 / sf]xL gi6 x'G5, n]gb]g klg v'a x'G5 / cGtdf lhTg] xfg]{ rSs/df ;a}
6'6]/ xf5{g\ / gi6 x'G5g\ . To;}n] lhGbuLsf] k|tLs h'jf xf] / ;f/f lhGbuL h'jf xf] . rfx] wg, oz,
k|lti7f, k|]dsf] xf];\ ha;Dd xfdL c¿df pT;'s x'G5f}“, ta;Dd xfdL ulx/f] ¿kdf h'jf g}
v]ln/x]sf x'G5f}“ . ha;Dd JolQm c¿sf] pT;'stfaf6 6f9f eP/ cfkm"df pT;'s x'Fb}g, ta;Dd
JolQm h'jfaf6 aflx/ x'Fb}g lsgeg] h'g sfddf csf]{ JolQmsf] cfjZostf x'G5, Tof] h'jf g} xf] .
h'g If0f JolQm PSnf] x'g yfN5, Tof] lbg aNn JolQm h'jfaf6 aflx/ x'g ;S5 .

nf]suLtf– 464
 cWofo–!)
l;sGb/n] klg dg]{ a]nfdf vfnL xft g} dg{'k¥of] . p;n] cfˆgf] zjofqfdf b'j} xft vfnL
/fv]/ aflx/ em'G8\ofpg eg]sf] lyof] . p;sf] hLjg t k"/f h'jfdf g} laTof]≤ t;y{ labf x'Fbf xft
vfnL eP/} hfg' k¥of] . ;f/f ;d|f6\ oxfF levf/L h:t} eP/ db{5g\ t/ slxn]sfxLF s'g} levf/L
;d|f6\ h:tf] eP/ klg d5{g\ . a'4sf] xft d/]kl5 klg el/Ps} lyof] t/ l;sGb/sf] xft eg] vfnL
lyof] . l;sGb/n] c¿ s]xL kfpg] k|of; u/]sf] x'gfn] p;sf] xft vfnL /Xof] t/ a'4n] cfkm"nfO{
kfpg'eof] To;}n] pxfFsf] xft el/of] . of] hLjg g} Pp6f h'jf xf], oxfF cfkm"nfO{ kfpg] k|of; l;jfo
h];'s} u/] klg xfg{' g} k5{ / vfnL xft hfg'k5{ . h'jf z'4td 5n xf] / xfdL ;a} h'jf8] xf}“ .
>Ls[i0f eGg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 ls olb 5nnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] h'jfdf To;sf] z'4tf kfOG5 . ;f/f lhGbuL
h'jf xf] / ;f/f lhGbuLsf] cGTo :dzfg 3f6df x'G5 . h'jf / d[To'nfO{ h;n] hfGb5 pm
cGt/ofqfdf rNgsf nflu of]Uo x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– j[i0fLj+zLx¿df jf;'b]j cyf{t\ :jod\ …dÚ, kf08jx¿df wg~ho cyf{t\
ltdL Pjd\ d'lgx¿df j]bJof; / sljx¿df z'qmfrfo{ …dÚ g} x'F . >Ls[i0f cfkm"nfO{ klg Pp6f k|tLs
agfpg' x'G5 / ch{'gnfO{ klg Pp6f k|tLs agfpg'x'G5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– j[i0fLj+zLx¿df …dÚ jf;'b]j
x'F . ltdLnfO{ olb k|e' x]g{' 5 eg] …dÚ ltd|f] cufl8 5' . Tof] j+zdf s[i0feGbf prfO kfpg]jfnf sf]xL
x'g ;Sb}g / Tof] j+znfO{ xfdL s[i0fsf] sf/0fn] dfq hfGb5f}“ . s[i0f Tof] j+zsf ;jf]{Rr pknlAw
x'g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGb} x'g'x'G5– hxfF >]i7tfsf] km"n km'N5, ToxfF ltdLn] dnfO{ g} b]Vg
;Sg] 5f} . olb d]/f] j+zdf x]g{' 5 eg] …dÚ ltd|f cufl8 5', hxfF ltdL k/dfTdfnfO{ b]Vg ;Sg] 5f} .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– kf08jx¿df wg~ho cyf{t\ ltdLdf …dÚ 5' . kf08jsf] j+zdf ch{'g klg
gjf]lbt 5g\ . To;}n] ;f/f dxfef/t ch{'gsf] cf;kf;df 5 . x] ch{'g Û olb ltdLnfO{ kf08jdf x]g{'
5 eg] :jod\ cfkm}nfO{ x]/ . s[i0f la:tf/} ch{'gnfO{ Tof] k|tLssf] glhs NofpFb} x'g'x'G5 hxfF pgL
:jod\df klg k/dsf] k|tLsnfO{ b]Vg ;S5g\ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ :jod\df klg k/dfTdfsf] ¿k b]Vg
;s"g\ eGg] ljrf/n] eGg'x'G5– x] wg~ho Û kf08jdf …dÚ ltdLdf 5' . ch{'gnfO{ pgsf] >]i7tf hfGg
h?/L lyof] / pgnfO{ :jod\sf] åf/df cfpg'cl3 w]/} åf/x¿ hgfpg klg cfjZos lyof] . >Ls[i0f
eGg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5– h;sf] ltdL vf]hL ub}{ 5f}, Tof] ltdL leq g} n's]sf] 5 . s[i0fn] of] s'/f l;wf
ch{'gnfO{ eGg'ePsf] eP Tof] Joy{ x'GYof] . ch{'gn] w]/} 7fpFx¿df clnslt emns kfpg ;s"g\ eg]/
oL ;f/f k|tLsx¿sf af/]df atfpg' h?/L lyof] . oL ;f/f k|tLsx¿df vf]Hb} cGttM pm cfkm"
leqsf] emns klg hfGg ;S5 . cfkm"nfO{ l;wf vf]Hg cToGt ufx|f] x'G5 t/ xfdL cfk"m sf] xf}F eg]/
klg hfGg rfxG5f}“ . xfd|f] vf]h cfkm" sf] x'F eGg] vf]h xf] t/ xfdL hf]8;Fu bf}l8P/ aflx/ g}
vf]lh/x]sf 5f}“ . ha;Dd xfd|f] bf}8 ;lsP/ xfdL yfSb}gf}“, ta;Dd xfdLn] s] kfpg' 5 eg]/ ljrf/
klg ug{ ;Sb}gf}“ . h'g lbg xfdL pleP/ x]g{ tof/ x'G5f}“, To;} lbg xfd|f] cfkm";Fu e]6 x'G5 /
cfkm";Fu kl/ro x'G5, /f]lsg] lalQs} xfdL sf] xf}+ eg]/ hfGg ;S5f}“ .
Pp6f k'/fgf] syf 5– O{Zj/ ;f/f ;[li6 /r]/ Hofb} k|;Gg x'g'x'GYof] t/ ha dflg;sf] ;[li6
ug{'eof], ta O{Zj/nfO{ w]/} ufx|f] eof] lsgeg] dflg; t u'gf;f]sf] k]l6sf g} x'G5 . /fd|f] ePsf] hlt
cfˆgf] d]xgtn] kfPsf] 7fG5 t/ Pp6f b'v cfpg] lalQs} O{Zj/nfO{ bf]if lbg yfN5 . t;y{ dg'iosf]
u'gf;f]af6 lbSs eP/ O{Zj/ sxLF n'Sg rfxg'x'GYof] . pxfFn] cfˆgf ;Nnfxsf/x¿nfO{ dflg;n] yfxf
gkfpg] / b'v lbg g;Sg] s'g 7fpFdf n's"F eg]/ ;Nnfx dfUg'eof] . s;}n] lxdfnodf n'Sg ;Nnfx
lbP t/ O{Zj/n] ToxfF t]lGhu / lxnf/L h:tf JolQmn] dnfO{ vf]lhxfN5g\ eGg'eof] . s;}n] rG›dfdf
n'Sg cfu|x ubf{ O{Zj/n] ToxfF klg cfd{:6«Ë h:tf JolQmn] k'u]/ vf]lhxfN5g\ eGg'eof] . cGtdf Ps
hgfn] lbPsf] ;Nnfx O{Zj/nfO{ lrQ a'‰of] . pxfFn] eGg'eof]–dflg;n] aflx/ ;f/f 7fpFdf vf]H5 t/

nf]suLtf– 465
cWofo–!)
cfkm"leq slxNo} vf]Hb}g . To;}n] dg'iosf] Åbodf n'Sg'xf];\ eg]/ ;Nnfx lbP . O{Zj/nfO{ of] s'/f
lrQ a'em]sfn] To; ;dob]lv O{Zj/ dg'ioleq n'Sg'ePsf] 5 . pxfF x/fO/xg'ePsf] 5 / xfdLn]
vf]Hg klg ;s]sf 5}gf}“ .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ToxLF leq la:tf/} n}hfg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . ca cg]sf}“ k|tLsx¿lt/ O;f/f
ub}{ pxfF eGg'x'G5– x] wg~ho Û …dÚ ltdL leq 5' . To;}n] ltdL dnfO{ cfkm"df vf]h u/ . ltdL sxfF
vf]h"F s'g efjdf vf]h u¿F eg]/ g;f]w / cfkm“}df vf]h≤ …dÚ ToxLF df}h'b 5' . xfdL t s]jn leq
cfˆgf] dgnfO{ dfq hfGb5f}“ . xfdLleq hxfF k/dfTdf n's]sf] 5, To;nfO{ hfGb}gf}“ . dg t xfd|f]
aflx/sf] 5fofs[lt dfq xf] hf] leq hDdf ePsf] 5 . dg aflx/af6 cfPsf k|efjx¿sf] hf]8 xf] t/
xfdL dgsf] leq 5f}“ . leqsf] ljrf/sf] ;+;f/ klg xfdL xf]Ogf}+ lsgeg] To;nfO{ klg xfdL b]Vg
;S5f}“ . xfd|f] cGt:tn cem leq 5 / >Ls[i0f ToxL leqsf] cGt:tnsf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 /
eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û …dÚ ltd|f] leqL cGt:tndf 5' . leqsf] cg'ej dgaf6 x'g ;Sb}g, of] leqsf]
cg'ej ;fIfLaf6 x'G5 . cfˆgf] dgnfO{ hf] b]Vg ;S5 pm dfq leqsf] cg'ej hfGg ;S5 . h;nfO{
leqsf] cg'ej x'G5 p;nfO{ sxLF st} vf]Hg hfg'kb}{g . ha;Dd leqsf] k/dfTdfsf] cg'ej x'Fb}g,
ta;Dd k|tLsx¿df k/dfTdfnfO{ vf]Hg] k|of; ug{'k5{ t/ Tof] Pp6f emns dfq x'G5 . k/dfTdfsf]
cg'ej cfˆgf] cg'ejaf6 dfq x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ clncln u/]/ cfkm"leqsf] O{Zj/nfO{ b]vfpg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . cGttM
ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– …dÚ ltdL leq 5' dnfO{ cfkm"leq vf]h / cfkm"leq} x]g{ ;Sof} eg] ltdLn] dnfO{
;a}lt/ b]Vg] 5f} . ha ltdL dnfO{ cfkm"leq kfpg] 5f}, ta ltd|f] ;f/f cfFvf …dÚ af6 g} el/g] 5,
ltd|f] Zjf; d]/f] Zjf;af6 el/g] 5 / ltdLn] hxfF x]/] klg dnfO{ g} kfpg] 5f}F . h'g lbg ltdLn]
leqsf] dnfO{ kfpg] 5f}, ToxL lbgaf6 ltd|f] leqsf] Hof]lt aNg] 5 . ltd|f] lbof]sf] Hof]lt hxfF k5{
ToxLF dnfO{ ltdLn] b]Vg]5f} . ch{'gnfO{ cfkm"leq n}hfgsf nflu s[i0fnfO{ olt w]/} k|tLsx¿ r'Gg'
k/]sf] xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– c/fhstfnfO{ bdg ug]{jfnfsf] b08, lhTg] OR5fjfnfsf] gLlt, uf]kgLo
cyf{t\ u'Kt /fVg] of]Uodf df}g / 1fgjfg\x¿sf] 1fg …dÚ x'F, u'Kt /fVg of]Uo efjdf df}g x'F . xfdL
ljrf/nfO{ uf]kgLo /fV5f}“ t/ >Ls[i0f t lglj{rf/nfO{ uf]kgLo /fVg of]Uo eGg'x'G5 . df}gsf] cy{
xfd|f nflu n'sfpg'kg]{ s]xL 5}g eGg] xf] . s[i0fsf] egfO c¿ s]xL n'sfpg h?/t 5}g s]jn cfˆgf]
df}gtfnfO{ n'sfpg'k5{ eGg] xf] . ltdL zfGt / z"Go ePsf] Pjd\ Wofgdf plqPsf] s;}nfO{ klg yfxf
gxf];\ lsgeg] c¿nfO{ atfpg vf]Hg] OR5fn] klg Tof] df}gtf gi6 x'G5 . c¿nfO{ atfpg vf]Hg]
/;n] ubf{ df}g x'g ;ls+Fb}g lsgeg] c¿nfO{ xfdL p;nfO{ k|efljt ug{sf nflu eGg vf]H5f}“ .
c¿nfO{ eg]/ k|efljt ug{ vf]Hg] JolQmsf nflu cfkm"eGbf csf]{ JolQm d"Nojfg\ x'G5 . To;}n]
p;nfO{ Wofgdf hfg ;Dej x'Fb}g . csf]{ JolQm olb d;Fu k|efljt eof] eg] d klg cfˆgf] gh/df
dfly x'G5' . cfˆgf] leqsf] pknlAwnfO{ s;}n] atfpg rfxG5 eg] To;sf] cy{ clxn];Dd p;n]
s]xL kfPsf] 5}g . ;TonfO{ kfpg] af6fdf ToxL JolQm hfg ;S5 h;nfO{ csf{sf af/]df s'g} ;f]r g}
x'Fb}g . ha;Dd c¿n] s] eG5g\ eGg] ljrf/ x'G5, ta;Dd cGt/ofqfdf lgl:sg ;ls+Fb}g / df}gdf
klg k|j]z ug{ ;lsFb}g .
df}gdf ;a}eGbf 7'nf] ;d:of c¿sf] pkl:ylt xf] . xfdL df}g x'Fbf klg c¿sf] sNkgfsf]
;+;f/df x'G5f}“ . To;}n] xfdL df}g slxNo} klg x'Fb}gf}“ . b[Zo JolQmx¿;Fu jf0fLaf6 s'/fsfgL x'G5 eg]
cb[Zo JolQmx¿;Fu df}gtfdf s'/fsfgL x'G5 . df}gtfdf klg ;tt ljrf/ / lrGtg rln/xG5g\ .
df}gsf] cy{ leq s'g} ljrf/ gx'g' xf] . s]xL atfpg vf]Hg' g} df}gtf eË ug{' xf] . xfdLleq s]xL x'g]

nf]suLtf– 466
 cWofo–!)
lalQs} c¿nfO{ atfpg rfxG5f}“ . dgn] c¿nfO{ atfpg vf]Hg' p;sf] ;xh j[lQ xf] lsgeg]
cfkm"nfO{ ePsf] s'/f c¿n] geg];Dd Tof] jf:tljs xf] ls xf]Og eGg] e/f];f klg dgnfO{ x'Fb}g /
c¿n] dfg]kl5 dfq e/f];f x'G5 . of] sfNklgs ljrf/ ePsfn] Psn] csf{nfO{ e/f];f lbPkl5 dfq
lglZrt x'G5 . s;}n] hlt;'s} em'6f] k|z+;f u/]/ tkfO{+ a'l4dfg\ x'g'x'G5 eGof] eg] cfˆgf] cj:yf
yfxf ePsf] dgn] To;nfO{ c:jLsf/ ub}{g / v';L x'G5 . ha;Dd of] kf/:kl/s k|z+;fsf] /
e/f];fsf] n]gb]gaf6 JolQm p7\b}g, ta;Dd df}gtfsf] l;F9L r9\g klg ;Sb}g .
df}gtf xfd|f] /x:o / lghL ;Dkbf xf] . o;sf] s;}nfO{ klg hfgsf/L x'g' x'Fb}g . of] df}gtf
cfkm" / k/dfTdfsf larsf] dfq s'/f xf] . >Ls[i0f uf]kgLo / u'Kt /fVg'kg]{ efjdf …dÚ df}g x'F
eGg'x'G5 . olb ltdL dnfO{ s'g} efjdf vf]Hg rfxG5f} eg] dnfO{ df}gdf vf]h . ch{'gn] s'g efjdf
d xh'/nfO{ vf]h"F eg]/ ;f]w]sf 5g\ . >Ls[i0f olb ltdL laNfs'n} df}g eP/ vf]H5f} eg] dnfO{ ToxLF
kfpg] 5f} eGg'x'G5 . xfd|f] / ;Tosf larsf] kvf{n zAbsf] xf] . km"n b]Vg]lalQs} xfdL tTsfn km"n
slt ;'Gb/ 5 elgxfN5f}“ . of] zAb JoQm ug]{lalQs} Tof] km"nsf] ;f}Gbo{ / cfkm";Fu km"nsf] ;DaGw g}
;lsG5, lsgeg] km"n / xfd|flar Pp6f kvf{nsf] lgdf{0f zAbn] u5{ . cfkm" vfnL ag]/ Tof] km"nnfO{
x]¥of}“ eg] km"n / xfdLlar klxnf] k6s Pp6f ;]t' lgdf{0f x'G5 . To:t} df}g ;d:t cl:tTjk|lt
ePdf k/dfTdf / xfd|flarsf] ;DaGwsf] ;]t' lgdf{0f x'G5 . h'g lbg zAb ;dfKt x'G5 Tof] lbg xfdL
/ cl:tTj dfq /xG5f}“ . efiff ;+;f/df pkof]uL x'G5 t/ Tof] k/dfTdfsf] k|flKtsf nflu afws x'G5 .
hxfF c¿;Fu ;DaGw /fVg'kg]{ x'G5, ToxfF efiffsf] cfjZostf x'G5 t/ hxfF cfkm";Fu ;DaGw :yflkt
ug{' 5, ToxfF efiff cg'kof]uL x'G5 . k/dfTdf kfpgsf nflu cfjZos efiff eg]sf] g} df}gtf xf] .
ToxfF ;+jfb g} df}gdf x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f efjdf dnfO{ df}gdf vf]h eGg'x'G5 .
1fgjfnfx¿df tŒj1fg …dÚ x'F . zf:qLo 1fg tŒj1fg xf]Og / ;Tosf] lghL cg'ej
tŒj1fg xf] . c:k]G:sL (Ouspensky) ?;sf 7'nf ljrf/s, n]vs / ul0ft1 x'g\ . pgn] n]v]sf
lstfax¿df …6l;{od cuf{gdÚ (Tertium Organum) ;+;f/sf tLgj6f dxŒjk"0f{ lstfadWo] Ps
xf] . of] lstfasf] hf]8f vf]Hg d'l:sn 5 . cGoGt lgi7fk"j{s ljgf cxª\sf/ pgn] of] lstfadf
n]v]sf 5g\ ls of] lstfaeGbf cufl8 b'O{j6f lstfax¿ klxn] n]lvPsf 5g\ . klxnf] c/:t'n]
(Aristotle) …cuf{gdÚ (Organum) n]v]sf 5g\ . cuf{gdsf] cy{ klxnf] l;4fGt xf] / bf];|f] lstfa
a]sdn] (Beckam) …gf]jd cuf{gdÚ (Novum Organum) n]v]sf 5g\ / t];|f] lstfa …6/l;od
cuf{gdÚ d]/f] xf] / of] t];|f] l;4fGt xf] . pgn] Hofb} ljgd|tfk"j{s lstfadf eg]sf 5g\– ha klxnf]
l;4fGt ;+;f/df lyPg ta klg of] t];|f] l;4fGtsf] cl:tTj lyof] h'g d n]lv/x]sf] 5' . o:tf]
cb\e't lstfa la/n} n]lvG5 / slxn]sfxLF cfTd1fgljgf klg dl:tisn] s:tf] cb\e't s'/f n]Vg
;S5 eg]/ cfZro{ nfU5 . c:k]G:sLnfO{ cfTd1fg geP klg lstfa k9\bf nfU5 ls pgL k/d1fgL
x'g\ .
pgL s]xL hfGgsf nflu u'/lhPkmsxfF uP . u'/lhPkmn] ltd|f] lstfa d}n] k9]sf] 5' . olb
ltdLn] h] n]v]sf 5f}, Tof] ;a} hfGb5f} eg] dnfO{ k|Zg ug{ cfjZos g} 5}g . ltdL sfuhdf n]v]/
cfkm"n] hfGg] s'/fsf af/]df dnfO{ atfpm eg] . c:k]G:sL sfuh lnP/ csf]{ sf]7fdf uO{ d s]
hfGb5' egL ;f]Rg yfn] . snd xftdf kg{]lalQs} n]Vg ;''? ug]{ JolQmsf] snd 6Ss /f]lsof] /
cufl8 a9\g} ;s]g . h] n]Vg vf]h] pgsf] leqaf6 cfjfh cfof]– s] ltdL of] hfGb5f}, O{Zj/sf
af/]df t d]/f] s'g} cg'ej 5}g / cfTdfsf af/]df d s]xL hflGbgF . s]xL n]Vg g;s]/ pgn] vfnL
sfuh g} u'/lhPkmnfO{ lkmtf{ u/] / cfFvfaf6 cfF;' emfb}{ eg]– dnfO{ s]xL klg yfxf 5}g .
u'/lhPkmn] eg]– ca ltdL cufl8 a9\g ;S5f} lsgeg] h;n] tyfslyt 1fgnfO{ g} 1fg ;lDemG5

nf]suLtf– 467
cWofo–!)
Tof] cufl8 a9\g ;Sb}g . ltdL ca tŒj1fgL aGg ;S5f} . clxn];Dd 1fgL lyof}, ca tŒj1fgL
aGg] 5f} . ha 1fgLnfO{ cfkm" 1fgL gePsf] yfxf x'G5, ta dfq tŒj1fgsf] ofqf ;''? x'G5 .
c1fgn] olt e8\sfpFb}g hlt tyfslyt 1fgn] e8\sfpF5 . c1fgL t ljgd| x'G5 sf/0f p;nfO{
s]xL yfxf x'Fb}g t/ tyfslyt 1fgL h;sf] lbdfudf pwf/f] 1fgeGbf c¿ s]xL klg x'Fb}g,
pgLx¿nfO{ …dÚ hflGbgF eGg] ljrf/ g} x'Fb}g . d ;a} hfGb5' eGg] pgLx¿nfO{ nfU5, h'g 1fgsf
nflu afwf aG5 . tŒj1fg :jod\sf] cg'ej xf] .
uLtf s07:y u/]/ s]xL x'Fb}g . of] t s]jn pwf/f] 1fg dfq xf] / pwf/f] 1fg 1fg g} xf]Og .
cfˆgf] 1fg dfq s]jn 1fg xf] . :d[lt 1fg xf]Og cg'ej dfq 1fg xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
1fgjfg\x¿sf] tŒj1fg …dÚ x'F, Tof] cg'ej d]/f] cg'ej xf] . Tof] lghL cg'ejdf h] hflgG5 ToxL
k/dfTdf xf] . k/dfTdfsf] ;DaGwdf hfGg' eg]sf] k/dfTdfnfO{ tŒj 1fgn] hfGg' xf] . c1fgLnfO{
tŒj 1fglt/ n}hfg olt sl7g 5}g t/ syfslyt kl08t Pjd\ 1fgLx¿nfO{ tŒj1fgdf n}hfg
cToGt sl7g x'G5 . tyfslyt 1fgL;Fu cfˆgf] lghL cg'ej x'Fb}g / pwf/f] 1fgsf] ef/ p;df
alnof] x'G5 h;nfO{ eTsfpg ;lsFb}g . p;df ePsf] 1fgsf] cxª\sf/n] p;nfO{ ghfg]sf s'/f klg
hfGb5' h:tf] nfUb5 . k|To]s JolQm k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg] :jefj;lxt hlGdPsf] x'G5 . To;}n] afFsL
;a} 1fg clgjfo{ 5}g s]jn cfTd1fg dfq clgjfo{ 5 . >Ls[i0f …dÚ 1fg xf]Og tŒj1fg x'F
eGg'x'G5 .
oRrflk ;j{e"tfgf+ aLh+ tbxdh{'g .
g tbl:t ljgf oT:ofGdof e"t+ r/fr/d\ ..#(..
x] ch{'g Û h'g ;d:t k|f0fLsf] pTklQsf] sf/0f 5 Tof] klg …dÚ x'F lsgeg] To:tf] s'g} r/ cr/
s'g} k|f0fL 5}g hf] d]/f] cl:tTjljgf pTklQ xf];\ ..
gfGtf]˜l:t dd lbJofgf+ lje"tLgf+ k/Gtk .
Pif t"2]ztM k|f]Qmf] lje"t]lj{:t/f] dof ..$)..
x] k/Gtk Û d]/f P]Zjo{o'Qm lbJo lje"ltx¿sf] s'g} cGTo 5}g . d}n] ltdLnfO{ h'g atfPF Tof] t
d]/f lje"ltx¿sf] ;f/;ª\If]k dfq} xf] ..
oBlåe"ltdT;Œj+ >Ldb"lh{td]j jf .
tQb]jfjuR5 Tj+ dd t]hf]+˜z;Dejd\ ..$!..
h'g h'g lje"lto'Qm cyf{t\ sflGto'Qm, zlQmo'Qm / P]Zjo{o'Qm j:t' 5g\, tL ;a}nfO{ ltdL d]/f]
t]hsf] c+zs} cleJolQm hfg ..
cyjf ax'g}t]g ls+ 1ft]g tjfh{'g .
lji6Eofxldb+ s[T:gd]sf+z]g l:ytf] hut\\ ..$@..
x] ch{'g Û ltdLnfO{ oL ;a} s'/fsf] lj:t[t 1fgsf] cfjZostf jf k|of]hg g} s] 5 / Û …dÚ of]
;Dk"0f{ ljZja|xdf08nfO{ cfˆgf] of]uzlQmsf] Ps c+z dfqn] wf/0f u/]/ l:yt 5' ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] pTklQsf] sf/0f …dÚ g} x'F lsgeg] d]/f]
zlQm/lxt r/ cr/ s'g} k|f0fL 5}g . xfd|f] ljrf/sf] q'l6sf sf/0fn] xfdLnfO{ O{Zj/ cl:tTjeGbf
leGg xf] h:tf] nfU5 . ljrf/ j:t'x¿nfO{ ljZn]if0f ug]{ dfu{ ePsfn] o;n] x/]s lrhnfO{ b'O{df
ljeflht u5{ . To;}n] ha xfdL O{Zj/sf ;DaGwdf ;f]R5f}“, ta hut\ / O{Zj/ cnu x'G5 . ha
xfdL ;[li6 eG5f}“, ta ;[li6 / ;|i6f cnu x'G5 . j:t'tM ;[li6 / ;|i6f k[ys\ xf]Ogg\ pgLx¿ Pp6}
x'g\ . To;}n] xfd|f a'9fkfsfx¿n] of] ;[li6 dfs'/fn] cfkm"leqaf6 /];f lgsfn]/ agfPsf] hfnf] h:tf]

nf]suLtf– 468
 cWofo–!)
5 eg]sf 5g\ . of] ;f/f hut\sf] lj:tf/ dfs'/fn] cfkm" leqaf6 hfn lgsfn]/ km}nfP em}+
k/dfTdfaf6 lgl:sG5 / km}lnG5 . of] lj:tf/ PsIf0f klg k/dfTdfaf6 cnu eP/ l6Sg ;Sb}g . of]
;Dk"0f{ cl:tTj p;s} pkl:yltsf] sf/0fn] 5 . To;}n] O{Zj/nfO{ cl:tTjsf] kof{ojfrL dfGg ;lsG5
lsgeg] cl:tTj g} O{Zj/ xf] .
of] ;Dk"0f{ hut\ O{Zj/sf] lj:tf/ xf] . o;nfO{ wd{sf b[li6n] cl:tTj eGg' kof{Kt x'G5 .
cl:tTjeGbf xfd|f] Åbodf s'g} efj pTkGg x'Fb}g / cl:tTj / xfd|flar s'g} ;DaGw klg :yflkt
x'Fb}g t/ cl:tTjsf] ;§f O{Zj/ eGg] lalQs} xfd|f] Åbodf ult ;'? x'G5 . wd{ s]jn tYosf] 3f]if0ff
xf]Og nIosf] klg 3f]if0ff xf] . s] xf] eGg' dfq kof{Kt 5}g, s] x'g'k5{ / s] x'g ;S5 eGg] s'/f;Fu
wd{sf] ;DaGw x'G5 . lj1fgn] cl:tTj dfq 5 eG5 t/ wd{n] cl:tTj / O{Zj/ ;dfgfGt/ x'g\
eGb5 . O{Zj/ zAbsf] pRrf/0f ubf{ cl:tTj / k/dfTdf b'j}sf] 3f]if0ff;Fu} x'G5 . To;}n] xfdL
cl:tTj geg]/ O{Zj/ eG5fF} . >Ls[i0fn] o:tf] r/ / cr/ s]xL klg 5}g hf] …dÚ /lxt xf];\, ;fy} …dÚ
pkl:yt gePsf] s'g} ;Qf g} 5}g eGg'ePsf] 5 . xfdLx¿nfO{ pm xfdLleq 5 eGg] yfxf 5}g, To;}n]
xfdL p;nfO{ cg]sf}+ tLy{x¿df vf]hL u5f}{+ . k/dfTdf cltlgs6 ePsfn] xfdLn] p;nfO{ lal;{Psf
5f}“ . hf] cltlgs6 x'G5 Tof] lj:d[t x'G5 / 6f9f ePsf] s'/fsf] dfq ;Demgf x'G5 . k/dfTdf /
xfd|flar Ps If0fsf] klg b"/L 5}g . pm lg/Gt/ xfdL;Fu ePsfn] xfdLnfO{ p;sf] lj:d/0f ePsf]
5.
>Ls[i0fsf] egfOsf] tfTko{ ;f/f cl:tTjdf pxfF g} ;dflxt x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] k/dfTdfnfO{
xfdLn] vf]h]/ kfpg ;Sb}gf}“ lsgeg] pm xfdLdf ;tt ¿kdf pkl:yt 5 / xfd|f] x'g' g} k/dfTdfsf]
x'g' xf], To;}n] p;nfO{ vf]Hg' Joy{ 5 . h'g lbg xfd|f] leqsf] ult z"Go x'G5 To;} If0f xfdL p;nfO{
kfpF5f}“ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] k/Gtk Û d]/f lbJo lje"ltx¿sf] cGt 5}g / d}n] d]/f lje"ltx¿sf]
lj:tf/ ltdLnfO{ ;+If]kdf dfq eg]sf] x'F . >Ls[i0fn] oL h'g k|tLsx¿ ch{'gnfO{ atfpg'ePsf] 5 of]
;+If]kdf s]xL O;f/fx¿ dfq ug{'ePsf] xf] . pxfFsf] lbJo lje"ltx¿sf] t s'g} cGt g} 5}g . h'g
s'/fsf] cGt x'G5, Tof] lje"lt x'Fb}g, ;f+;fl/s x'G5 . h;sf] s'g} cf/De / cGt 5}g, h;sf] :jefj
g} cgflb / cgGt x'G5 ToxL lbJotf xf] . k|f/De / cGt x'g] ;+;f/ xf] / hxfF k|f/De / cGt x'Fb}g
ToxLF k/dfTdfsf] emns kfpg ;lsG5 .
gfl:tsx¿ k/dfTdf sxfF 5, p;sf] kl/efiff s] xf] eg]/ ;f]Wb5g\ . la|l6; bfz{lgs tyf
n]vs hL=O= df]/ (G.E. Moore) n] Pp6f lstfa n]v]sf 5g\ …lk|lG;lkof OlysfÚ (Principia
Ethica) cyf{t\ gLltzf:q . To; k':tsdf pgn] s]jn Ps k|Zgsf af/]df lrGtg u/]sf 5g\ Tof]
k|Zg xf]– z'e s] xf] jf c;n s] xf] (What is good) df]/ cfˆgf] o'usf ljlzi6 lrGts lyP . pgn]
z'e s] xf] eGg] s'/fdf dg'iohfltsf] Oltxf;df s;}n] gu/]sf] lrGtg ug]{ k|of; u/]sf 5g\ . pgn]
pQm k|Zgsf] lgisif{df n]v]sf 5g\– z'enfO{ kl/eflift ug{ ;lsGg (Good is indefinable) . pgn]
eg]sf 5g\ s;}n] dnfO{ kx]Fnf] /Ësf] km"n lbP/ kx]Fnf] s] xf] eg]/ ;f]Wof] eg] d h:tf] d'l:sndf
k5{', To:t} z'esf] ljifodf d'l:sndf k/]sf] 5' . df]/n] eg]sf 5g\ kx]Fnf] kx]Fnf] xf] (Yellow is
yellow) . ts{zf:qL eG5g\ ls of] t k'g?lQm eof], kx]Fnf]sf] cy{ atfpg'xf];\ ta Od'/ eG5g\– d
kx]Fnf]nfO{ kx]Fnf]sf] cltl/Qm s] eGg ;S5' Û kx]Fnf]nfO{ kx]Fnf]sf cltl/Qm d h] eG5' Tof] unt x'G5 .
xfdL olt ;fgf] s'/fsf] klg kl/efiff ug{ ;Sb}gf}“ t/ k/dfTdf s] xf] eg]/ ;f]W5f“} . kx]Fnf] /Ësf]
kl/efiff vf]Hg ;lsGg, z'e s] xf] yfxf x'Fb}g, ;f}Gbo{ s] xf] yfxf x'Fb}g / k/dfTdfsf] kl/efiff
dfUg'sf] cy{ s] eGg ;lsG5 < To;}n] ;Dk"0f{ ckl/efliftx¿ (Indifineables) sf] hf]8 k/dfTdf xf]
(The totality of all indifinables is god) .

nf]suLtf– 469
cWofo–!)
O{Zj/nfO{ xfdL cg'ej ug{ ;S5f}“ t/ JofVof ug{ ;Sb}gf}“ . ;f}Gbo{ xfdL cg'ej ug{ ;S5f}+
t/ o;sf] ;6Ls JofVof ug{ ;Sb}gf}“ . km"ndf ;f}Gbo{ sxfF 5 eg]/ ;f]Wof] eg] b]vfpg ;lsGg
cg'ej dfq ug{ ;lsG5 . ;f}Gbo{ b]vfpg ;lsF+b}g lsgeg] Tof] leq n's]sf] x'G5 . km"ndf, ;"o{sf]
laxfgL ls/0fdf, s'g} JolQmsf] ¿kdf / cfFvfdf ;f}Gbo{ cg'ej ug{ eg] ;lsG5 t/ cnu cnu
s'/fdf n's]sf] ;f}Gbo{ JoQm ug{ ;lsFb}g . O{Zj/nfO{ ha xfdL dfkg ug{ vf]H5f}“, ta xfdL p;nfO{
cfsf/ lbG5f}“ / p;sf] ¿k, cfsf/ cflbsf af/]df unt k|Zg u5f}{+ . ;a} cfs[ltx¿ / ¿k h;sf]
xf] ToxL O{Zj/ xf] . kz', kIfL, jg:klt, dg'io ;a} xfdL ToxL k/dfTdfsf c+z xf}“ . h;df xfdL
hlGdG5f}“ / ;dfKt x'G5f}“, ToxL k/dfTdf xf] . ;a} nx/x¿ ;fu/af6 pTklQ x'G5g\ / ;fu/df g}
nLg x'G5g\ To:t} xfdL klg k/dfTdfaf6 pTklQ x'G5f}“ / p;}df nLg x'G5f}“ . hf] ;bf 5, pxL
k/dfTdf xf] / hf] slxn]sfxLF dfq x'G5, Tof] nx/ xf] / xfdL Tof] nx/ xf}“ . k/dfTdfnfO{ 5 eGg' klg
efiffsf] ;d:of xf] lsgeg] ;a} s'/f h] cfh …5Ú Tof] ef]ln …5}gÚ x'G5 t/ k/dfTdf slxNo} klg gfz
x'Fb}g . To;}n] …5Ú eGg' efiffsf] ;Ldf xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d]/f] lj:tf/sf] s'g} cGt g} 5}g .
;+If]kdf s]xL nx/x¿sf k|tLs d}n] ltdLnfO{ atfPF / tL nx/sf k|tLsx¿af6 klg ltdLn]
ulx/fOdf vf]h u¥of} eg] cjZo ;fu/df k'Ug] 5f} .
x] ch{'g Û h'g h'g lje"lto'Qm, P]Zjo{o'Qm, sflGto'Qm, zlQmo'Qm 5g\ tL ;a}nfO{ ltdL d]/f]
t]haf6 pTkGg ePsf] hfg . hxfF ltdLnfO{ cleJolQm cfˆgf] r/ddf k'u]/ P]Zjo{, lje"lt, sflGt /
zlQmsf] ¿kdf k|s6 ePsf] cg'ej x'G5 ta s] a'‰g'k5{ eg] ToxfF k/dfTdf 5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– P]Zjo{, sflGt, zlQmdf vf]Hof} eg] ltdLn] dnfO{ ToxfF kfpg] 5f} lsgeg]
ToxfF d]/f] g} c+z k|s6 x'G5 . olb ltdLnfO{ O{Zj/ b]lvFb}g eg] P]Zjo{df x]/ ToxfF klg d]/f] c+z g}
k|s6 x'G5 . o:t} hxfF lje"lt, sflGt b]lvG5 Tof] d]/} t]haf6 pTkGg ePsf] eg]/ hfg . P]Zjo{,
lje"lt, sflGt, zlQm oL ;a} ;+o'Qm 5g\ . zlQmsf] cy{ pmhf{ xf] hf] Pp6f ;fgf] afnsdf klg b]lvg
;S5 . Pp6f a'9f] JolQmdf afnsdf ePsf] h:tf] zlQm IfL0f eO;s]sf] x'G5 . zlQmsf] vf]h
afnsdf ug{ ;lsG5 . zlQmsf] vf]h ug]{ JolQmn] laxfgsf] ;"o{df zlQmsf] vf]h ug{ ;S5 . zlQm
hlt gofF x'G5 Tolt g} tLj| / uxg x'G5 . zlQmsf] vf]h ug]{x¿sf nflu afns O{Zj/Lo x'G5 . olb
P]Zjo{ vf]Hg' 5 eg] a'9f] JolQmdf vf]Hg'k5{ lsgeg] P]Zjo{ cg'ejsf] lgvf/ xf] hf] afnsdf slxNo}
x'Fb}g . /jLG›gfyn] eg]sf 5g\– ha JolQm ;fFlRrs} j[4 x'G5, ta p;sf] z'e|–skfn lxdfno kj{t
h:t} lxdfR5flbt x'G5 . pgLx¿sf] ;]tf] skfndf To:t} zLtntf / P]Zjo{ cfpF5 h:tf] uf}/L
zª\s/ lxdfndf lxpF hd]sf] h:t} x'G5 . olb sf]xL l7s;Fu afFr]sf] 5 eg] jfw{So p;sf] P]Zjo{do
x'G5 . cg'ejaf6 ofqf u/]df zlQm P]Zjo{ / cfef aG5 . zlQm cfuf] xf] / P]Zjo{ k|sfz Pjd\ cfef
xf] . P]Zjo{df s'g} bDe x'Fb}g, zlQmaf6 hLjg k|f/De x'G5 / P]Zjo{df ¿kfGt/0f x'G5 .
zlQm olb sflGtaf6 u'lh|of] eg] P]Zjo{;Dd k'U5 . sflGt eGgfn] hf] cfˆgf] hLjg pmhf{nfO{
lg/Gt/ >]i7tfsf nflu ;dlk{t u5{ eGg] xf] . cfˆgf] zlQmsf] b'?kof]u gug]{ / O{Zj/nfO{ hfGg
zlQm ;b'kof]u ug]{ JolQmn] sflGt k|fKt u5{ . sfd–pmhf{nfO{ xfdL tyfslyt ;'vdf u'dfpg ;S5f}“
h;n] ubf{ JolQmsf] sflGt x/fpF5 / cfefd08n rfpl/G5 . h;sf] sfd–pmhf{ pWj{ufdL eP/
k|e'sf] r/0fdf ;dlk{t x'G5 To:tf] JolQmsf] hLjg wGo x'G5 . a|Xdro{sf] cy{ a|Xd h:tf] rof{ ug{'
xf] . a|Xdsf] s'g} k|f/De / cGt x'Fb}g . of] lj:tf/ xf] h'g k}mlnO/xG5 . h'g lbg xfd|f] rof{ Tof]
lj:tf/lt/ a9\g yfN5, ta xfdLleq klg s]xL km}lng yfN5 / Tof] lbg a|Xdro{ kmlnt x'G5 . t/
xfd|f] pmhf{ lg/Gt/ >]i7lt/ k}mlnP dfq Tof] ;Dej x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 470
 cWofo–!)
cfkm"eGbf tn s]xL vf]Hg' sflGtnfO{ u'dfpg' xf] / cfkm"eGbf dfly zlQmnfO{ lgof]hg ug{'
sflGtnfO{ k|fKt ug{' xf] . xfd|f] cg'xf/df 5fPsf] sflGt g} leq pmhf{n] pWj{udgsf] ofqf ;''? u¥of]
eGg] va/ xf] . afns zlQmzfnL x'G5, j[4 P]Zjo{jfg\ x'g ;S5 / hjfg JolQm sflGto'Qm x'g
;S5 . aRrf zlQmzfnL x'g' g};lu{s xf] . o'jf JolQm 5gf]6 u/]/ sflGto'Qm x'g ;S5 . olb hjfg
sflGto'Qm ePg eg] a'9\of}nL bLgxLg / af]em x'g] 5 . sflGtsf] cy{ dfly p7\g] zlQm xf] . z/L/sf]
;'uGwaf6 sflGt emlNsg yfN5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– P]Zjo{o'Qm, sflGto'Qm, zlQmo'Qm hf] / hxfF 5, ToxL d]/f] lje"lt xf], ToxLF
…dÚ k|s6 x'G5' / ToxLF ltdLn] dnfO{ vf]h . hxfF of] cj:yf 3l6t x'G5 Tof] d]/f] t]haf6 pTkGg
ePsf] xf] / d]/} Hof]lt ToxfF k|Hjlnt eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] hfg . d]/} cd[tsf] wf/f ToxfF aU5 / d]/}
Åbosf] w8\sg ToxfF klg w8\lsG5 . x] ch{'g Û of] w]/} hfGg';Fu ltd|f] s] k|of]hg 5, olb ltdLn]
dnfO{ P]Zjo{, sflGt / zlQmdf klg b]Vg ;s]gf} eg] / oL d}n] ltdLnfO{ eg]sf k|tLsx¿af6 klg
ltdLnfO{ s]xL af]w ePg eg] w]/} hfg]/ klg Tof] k|of]hgxLg / Joy{sf] hfGg' x'G5 . d}n] ltdLnfO{
hlt eg] klg To;af6 ;d:ofsf] s'g} ;dfwfg x'Fb}g .
bz{gzf:qn] kfFr xhf/ jif{df cgGt k|Zgx¿ ;f]w]/ Pp6f klg k|Zgsf] xn ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
olt cgGt pQ/ kfP/ klg Pp6} k|Zgsf] klg xn x'g ;s]g a? hlt hjfkmx¿ pknAw eP
ltgLx¿af6 c¿ xhf/f}“ gofF k|Zgx¿ hlGdP . j6{G8 /;]n (Bertrand russel) n] cfˆgf] cfTdsyfdf
n]v]sf 5Gf\– ha d afns lyPF / ha klxnf] k6s bz{gzf:qlt/ pT;'s ePF, ta d s] ;f]Ry]F eg]
ca d bz{gdf lgi0fft x'g] 5', To;kl5 d]/f ;a} k|Zgsf] pQ/ kfP/ ;a} ;jfnsf] ;dfwfg x'g] 5 .
dg{'cl3 pgn] Pp6f kqdf n]v]sf 5g\– gAa] jif{sf] a'9f] eP/ dg]{ a]nf;Dd klg d]/f] Pp6} k|Zg
klg xn ePsf] 5}g, emg\ gofF k|Zg p7]sf 5g\ . pgn] klxn] bz{gzf:qsf] kl/efiffdf eg]sf lyP–
bz{gzf:q dg'iosf] cfTolGts k|Zgsf] vf]h xf] / cGtdf pgn] JofVof u/]sf 5g\– dg'iosf]
cfTolGts k|Zgdf c¿ k|Zgx¿sf] vf]h g} bz{gzf:q xf] . bz{gzf:q eg]sf] k|Zgdfly c¿
k|Zgx¿sf] vf]h xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdLn] olt w]/} k|Zg ;f]Wgfsf] k|of]hg g} s] x'G5 / Û olb
ltdLn] d}n] ;Í]t u/]sf O;f/fnfO{ a'‰g ;s]gf} eg] ltdL k|Zg ;f]lw/xG5f} / d hjfkm lbO/xG5' t/
o;af6 s'g} ;dfwfg lgl:sg] 5}g . >Ls[i0f k'gM eGg'x'G5– of] ;Dk"0f{ hut\nfO{ cfˆgf] of]udfofsf]
Ps c+zn] wf/0f u/]/ …dÚ l:yt 5' . ;f/f hut\ d]/f] Pp6f c+z dfq xf] . ;f/f hut\ O{Zj/ xf] t/
O{Zj/ ;f/f hut\ dfq xf]Og lsgeg] O{Zj/sf] ;Defjgf cgGt 5 / pm cgGt hut\df k|s6 x'g
;Sb5 . O{Zj/ t k"/f cl:tTjsf] d"n ;Defjgf xf] . To;af6 Ps aLh cª\s'l/t ePdf Pp6f hut\
lgdf{0f x'G5 / p;af6 csf]{ aLh cª\s'l/t eof] eg] csf]{ hut\ lgld{t x'G5 . O{Zj/af6 cgGt
hut\ lgdf{0f x'G5 / x/]s hut\ p;sf] Ps c+z dfq x'G5 . O{Zj/sf] of] hut\ Ps cleJolQm xf]≤
p;sf cg]s cleJolQmx¿ x'g ;Sb5g\ / eO/xG5g\ .
;gftgLx¿sf] wf/0ffdf hut\ O{Zj/sf] dfof xf] . hut\ 5}g t/ O{Zj/n] rfx]sfn] b]lvPsf]
xf] . of] hut\sf] x'g' O{Zj/sf] Ps rfxgf dfq xf] . k/dfTdfsf nflu ;f/f lj:tf/ p;sf] ljrf/sf]
km}nfj6 dfq xf] . >Ls[i0f km]l/ klg eGg'x'G5– of] ;f/f hut\ d]/f] of]udfofsf] Ps c+z / d]/f]
ljrf/sf] lj:tf/ xf] . of] ;f/f hut\ Tof] d"n pmhf{sf] efjaf6 pTkGg x'G5 / d"n pmhf{sf]
lzlyntfdf nf]k x'G5 . xfd|f] lgdf{0fsf] d"n;|f]t k/d pmhf{ xf] To;}af6 xfdL hGd]sf xf}“ / To;}df
xfdL nLg x'G5f}“ . xfdL cgGt ljrf/sf hf]8 xf}“ .

nf]suLtf– 471
cWofo–!)
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL c¿ ljrf/sf] e|ddf gk/L dnfO{ g} tŒjk"j{s hfg lsgeg] …dÚ g}
cfwf/e"t x'F . ltdL dnfO{ g} ;a} vf]hsf] s]G› / cGt hfg . h;n] O{Zj/sf] vf]h g} cfˆgf]
hLjgsf] Wo]o agfpF5g\ pgLx¿n] dfq p;nfO{ kfpg ;Sb5g\ . s[i0fn] atfpg' ePsf k|tLsdf
gc8Lsg k|tLsaf6 kf/ x'g] k|of; ug{'k5{ .
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] lje"ltof]uf] gfd
bzdf]˜WofoM ..!)..

nf]suLtf– 472
 cWofo–!)

nf]suLtf– 473
cWofo–!)

nf]suLtf– 474
 cWofo–!!
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
P3f/f}F cWofo
ljZj¿kbz{gof]uM

ch{'g pjfr
dbg'u|xfo k/d+ u'XodWofTd;\l~1td\ .
oŒjof]Qm+ jr:t]g df]xf]˜o+ ljutf] dd ..!..
>Ls[i0fåf/f lje"ltof]udf elgPsf jrg ;'g]/ ch{'gn] eg]– x] s[i0f dnfO{ cg'u|x ug{sf nflu
xh'/n] uf]kgLo cWofTdljifos jrg cyf{t\ pkb]z lbg'ePsfn] d]/f] c1fg gi6 ePsf] 5 ..
ejfKoof} lx e"tfgf+ >'tf} lj:t/Zff] dof .
TjQM sdnkqfIf dfxfTDodlk rfJood\ ..@..
x] sdng]q Û d}n] xh'/;Fu k|f0fLsf] pTklQ / k|noaf/] lj:tf/k"j{s ;'g]“ / xh'/sf] cljgfzL
dlxdf klg ;'g]sf] 5' ..
Pjd]tByfTy TjdfTdfg+ k/d]Zj/ .
›i6'ldR5fld t] ¿kd}Zj/+ k'?iff]Qd ..#..
x] k/d]Zj/ Û xh'/ cfkm"nfO{ h:tf] eGg'x'G5, l7s To:t} x'g'x'G5 t/ x] k'?iff]Qd Û d xh'/sf]
1fg, P]Zjo{, zlQm, an, jLo{ / t]hn] o'Qm P]Zjo{ ¿knfO{ k|ToIf bz{g ug{ rfxG5' ..
dGo;] olb tR5So+ dof ›i6'ldlt k|ef] .
of]u]Zj/ ttf] d] Tj+ bz{ofTdfgdJood\ ..$..
x] k|ef] Û -pTklQ, l:ylt / k|no tyf cGt/ofdL ¿kaf6 zf;g ug]{jfnf ePsfn] eujfg\sf]
gfd k|e' xf]_ olb …dÚ af6 xh'/sf] Tof] ¿k x]g{nfO{ ;fdYo{ 5 eGg] xh'/ dfGg'x'G5 eg] x] of]u]Zj/ Û Tof]
cljgfzL :j¿ksf] bz{g dnfO{ u/fpg'xf];\ ..
>Leujfg'jfr
kZo d] kfy{ ¿kfl0f ztzf]˜y ;x:f|zM .
gfgflawflg lbJoflg gfgfj0ff{s[tLlg r ..%..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– x] kfy{ Û ca ltdL d]/f ;}s8f+}“, xhf/f}“ ljleGg k|sf/sf / ljleGg j0f{
tyf ljleGg cfs[ltjfnf ¿k x]/ ..
kZoflbTofGj;"Gg'?b|fglZjgf} d¿t:tyf .
ax"Gob[i6k"jf{0fL kZofZrof{l0f ef/t ..^..
x] e/tj+zL ch{'g Û ltdL dnfO{, cflbTonfO{ cyf{t\ clbltsf åfbz k'qnfO{, cf7 j;'nfO{,
Psfbz ?›nfO{, b'j} clZjgL s'df/nfO{ / pgGrf; d?›f]0fnfO{ x]/ / c¿ klg w]/} klxn] gb]v]sf
cfZro{do ¿knfO{ x]/ ..
Ox}s:y+ huTs[T:g+ kZofB ;r/fr/d\ .
dd b]x] u'8fs]z oRrfGob\b|i6'ldR5l; ..&..
x] u'8fs]z Û ca of] d]/f] z/L/df Ps} :yfgdf l:yt r/fr/;lxt ;Dk"0f{ hut\nfO{ x]/ / c¿
klg h] x]g{ rfxG5f}, Tof] x]/ ..

nf]suLtf– 475
cWofo–!!
k/dfTdfnfO{ >d u/]/ kfpg ;lsGg . k/dfTdf t p;}sf] cg'sDkf, k|;fb / cg'u|xn] dfq
kfOG5 . lje"ltof]udf >Ls[i0fåf/f elgPsf jrg ;'g]/ cg'u|x k|s6 ub}{ ch'{gn] eg]– xh'/n]
eGg'ePsf k/d uf]kgLo cfWoflTds jrgn] d]/f] c1fg gi6 eof] . d]/f] s'g} of]Uotf / >d geP
klg xh'/sf] cg'sDkfn] h'g k/d uf]kgLo cfWoflTds jrg d}n] ;'Gg kfPF To;af6 d]/f] c1fg gi6
eof] . ch{'gsf] s[i0fk|ltsf] elQmn] ubf{ pgn] ;xh efjn] of] xh'/sf] cg'u|xn] dnfO{ k|fKt ePsf]
eGg ;s]sf x'g\ . ch{'g lg/xª\sfl/tf / ljgd|tfsf] efj k|b{zg ub{5g\ h'g wfld{s JolQmsf] nIf0f
xf] . ch{'g xh'/sf] k/d uf]kgLo cfWoflTds pkb]z ;'g]/ d]/f] c1fg gi6 eof] eG5g\ . cWofTd
k|]deGbf klg uf]kgLo x'G5 . k|]ddf b'O{ z/L/ Ps x'G5 eg] cWofTddf b'O{ cfTdf Ps x'G5 / u'?
lziosf] ldng x'G5 . b'j} u'?–lzio cfTdfsf] tndf Ps geP;Dd cWofTdsf] pkb]z ;Dej x'Fb}g .
cfWoflTds ldng t o'4sf] If0fdf klg 36\g ;S5 . ch{'gsf] s[i0f;Fusf] ;+jfb o;sf] k|df0f
xf] . leq u|x0f ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf, ljgd|tf / ;dk{0f efj ePdf cfWoflTds ldng sxLF klg 36\g
;S5 . o:tf] cgf}7f] lj1fg h'g uLtfn] k|bfg u/]sf] 5 Tof] s'g} zf:qn] lbg ;Sb}g . pklgifb\ u'?–
lzio larsf] Wofgsf] If0fdf PsfGt / zflGtdf ePsf] ;+jfb xf] . afOan klg 5flgPsf ;Lldt
lziox¿lar k|bfg ul/Psf] jrg xf] t/ uLtf 3gf ;+;f/sf] lardf lbOPsf] pkb]z xf] . o'4eGbf
3gf ;+;f/ sxLF x'g ;Sb}g . o:tf]df klg cfWoflTds ;+jfb 3l6t x'g ;S5 . JolQmdf kfqtf ePdf
clt uf]kgLo s'/f klg eGg ;lsG5 . uLtfh:tf] cb\e't zf:q bf];|f] x'g} ;Sb}g .
1fg :jcg'ej xf] . c1fg gi6 x'g' eg]sf] ch{'gsf] 1fg hGdg' xf]Og . c1fg c¿sf] jrg
;'g]/ klg gi6 x'g ;S5 . ch{'g eGb} 5g\– d]/f dfGotfx¿ 6'6]/ d]/f] c1fg gi6 eof] / d]/f] dg
klg ¿kfGt/0f eof] . ch{'gsf] c1fg t gi6 eof] t/ pgLleq 1fgsf] pbo ePsf] 5}g . ch{'gsf
dfGotfx¿ 6'6]sf 5g\ t/ pgnfO{ :jod\ 1fgsf] cg'ej eg] ePsf] 5}g t/ s[i0fsf] pkb]z ;'g]/
ch{'gnfO{ e/f];f eg] kSs} ePsf] 5 . s[i0fsf] cnf}lss u'0f / k|ltefn] cfNxflbt u/]/ e/f];f
hGdfpF5 / k|f0fnfO{ r'Das h:tf] tfGb5 t/ of] e/f];f klg 1fg xf]Og . tyfslyt hfGg] JolQmx¿
j]b, uLtf s07:y kfb{5g\ t/ of] 1fg xf]Og s]jn ;"rgf;ª\u|x dfq xf] . To;}n] o:tf hfGg]
JolQmx¿ 1fgL / c1fgLsf lardf x'G5g\ . c1fgL Tof] xf] hf] s]xL hfGb}g, 1fgL Tof] xf] hf]
:jcg'ejaf6 hfGb5 / tyfslyt 1fgL Tof] xf] h;sf] cfˆgf] cg'ej s]xL x'Fb}g, ;a} c¿af6
hfGb5 .
>Ls[i0fsf] cg'u|xn] ubf{ ch{'gsf] ;Gb]x ¿kfGt/0f ePsf] 5 . s[i0fsf] cg'kl:ylt ePdf of]
;Gb]x km]l/ lkmtf{ eP/ ch{'g uLtfsf] k|f/Desf] cj:yfdf k'Ug ;S5g\ . ch{'g OdfGfbf/ JolQm
ePsf]n] pgL xh'/sf] s[kfn] d]/f] c1fg gi6 eof] t/ 1fg cem k|fKt ePsf] 5}g eG5g\ . s[i0fsf]
sf/0f h'g emns ch{'gnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] 5 Tof] pwf/f] cg'ej dfq xf] . Psflt/ ch{'g x]
sdngog Û d}n] xh'/af6 k|f0fLx¿sf] pTklQ, k|no / xh'/sf] cljgfzL k|efjaf/] lj:tf/k"j{s ;'gF],
xh'/ cfkm"nfO{ h:tf] eGg'x'G5 l7s To:t} x'g'x'G5 / ToxL ;To xf] / d]/f] >4f xh'/k|lt hfu]/ d]/f]
c1fg gi6 eof] eGb5g\ . csf{lt/ x] k'?iff]Qd Û d xh'/nfO{ k|ToIf ¿kdf x]g{ rfxG5' klg eG5g\ .
ch{'gsf] of] egfOn] uLtf cem afFsL 5 eGg] hfgsf/L lbG5 cGoyf xh'/ h:tf] cfkm"nfO{ eGg'x'G5
To:t} x'g'x'G5, xh'/sf] egfOn] d]/f] c1fgtf gi6 eof] / xh'/k|lt d]/f] >4f hfUof] elg;s]kl5 uLtf
oxLF ;dfKt eO{ ch{'g cfFvf lrlDnP/ o'4df plqg ;Sg'kg]{ lyof] t/ pgL …t/Ú sf] k|of]u u5{g\ /
uLtf ;dfKt x'g'kg]{ If0fnfO{ cem} nDAofp“b} 5g\ .
To;}n] ch{'g eG5g\– x] k'?iff]Qd Û xh'/sf] 1fg, P]Zjo{, an, jLo{, t]h / zlQm:j¿knfO{ d
k|ToIf ¿kdf x]g{ rfxG5' . xh'/sf] pkb]z jf0fL / cfFvfaf6 JoQm efj d}n] ;'g]/ a'em]F / xh'/sf]

nf]suLtf– 476
 cWofo–!!
s'/fdf dnfO{ e/f];f klg eof] t/ d cfkm}“n] k|ToIf ¿kdf xh'/sf] Tof] lj/f6\ :j¿ksf] bz{g ug{
rfxG5' . xh'/sf] s'/fdf dnfO{ k"0f{ e/f];f 5 t/ ha;Dd k|ToIf cg'ej x'Fb}g, ta;Dd 1fgsf] hGd
x'g ;Sb}g . xfdLx¿ ;a} zJbdf /f]lsPsf 5f}“, sf]xL uLtf, sf]xL afOan / sf]xL s'/fgdf /f]lsPsf
5f}“ . ;a} ;Dk|bfo zAbsf] ;Dk|bfo xf] . wd{ zAb xf]Og cg'ej xf] . t;y{ o;sf] s'g} ;Dk|bfo x'g}
;Sb}g . cg'ej lxGb", d';ndfg, O;fO{ xF'b}g cg'ej t cfsfz h:tf] :jR5 / Ps x'G5 . ch{'gn]
clxn];Dd ;f]w]sf k|Zgx¿ a'l4ut lyP / s[i0fn] ts{k"j{s ;DemfpFb} k||Zgx¿sf] lgjf/0f ub}{
hfg'eof], h'g af}l4s s'/fsfgL dfq lyof] . s[i0f klg ch{'gaf6 d k|ToIf bz{g ug{ rfxG5' eGg]
k|Zg cfcf];\ eg]/ k|tLIff ub}{ x'g'x'GYof] xf]nf Û lsgeg] pxfFsf] rfxgfafx]s t s]xL x'g} ;Sb}g .
ch{'gn] eg] x] sdngog Û d xh'/sf] lj/f6\ ¿k x]g{ rfxG5' . of] k|Zg g} b':;fx;k"0f{ 5
lsgeg] xfd|f] cfFvfsf] ;Ldf x'G5 . lg/fsf/ / lj/f6\nfO{ x]g{ of] cfFvfsf] kf/ t];|f] g]q cyf{t\ lzj
g]q Pjd\ 7'nf] lxDdt rflxG5 . Tof] lbJorIf'n] dfq k/dfTdfnfO{ k|ToIf ¿kdf b]Vg ;lsG5 . Tof]
lbJo rIf'ljgf b]lvg] ;a} s'/f k/f]If xf] . Tof] lj/f6\nfO{ x]g{ xfd|f] cfFvfsf] ;f/f zlQm ;d]6]/ cGwf]]
g} x'g'k5{ / Tof] cfFvfsf] Hof]ltnfO{ t];|f] g]qdf nufpg ;Sg'k5{ . lj/f6\nfO{ b]v]kl5 JolQmdf a8f]
Jofs'ntf k}bf x'G5 . Tof] lj/f6\ :j¿ksf] bz{gkl5 JolQmdf cfkm"nfO{ ;XDffNg} g;Sg] k|ltlqmofx¿
pTkGg x'G5g\ . pm tl;{G5, sfFK5, v'§f hldgdf 6]Sg ;Sb}g / k|f0f g} s07df cfP h:tf] x'G5
lsgeg] of] c;fwf/0f 36gf Pjd\ kl/l:ylt xf] . Tof] c;Ld, c¿k, cgGt, ;j{zlQmdfg\ /
;j{JofksnfO{ x]g{ cfkm" k"/} ld6\g ;Sg'k5{ . lj/f6\sf] t cfkm" ld6]kZrft\ dfq bz{g x'g ;S5 .
cfkm" ld6\g' g} k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg' xf], of] d[To'sf nflu tof/ eP/ ul/g] vf]h xf] .
ch{'g ddf xh'/sf] bz{g ug]{ Ifdtf 5 eg] d xh'/sf] lj/f6\ ¿ksf] bz{g ug{ rfxG5'
eGb5g\ . ch{'gdf h] x]g]{ cfsfª\Iff ePsf] 5, Tof] clGtd / c;Dej cfsfª\Iff xf] . cGo hLjx¿df
eGbf dg'iosf] Pp6f rfxgf a9L x'G5, Tof] xf] k/dfTdfsf] vf]h . pm oxL rfxgfn] ;+;f/df hGd
lnG5 / ha;Dd Tof] lj/f6\sf] vf]h ub}{g, p;n] kz'sf] ;LdfnfO{ cltqmd0f ug{ ;Sb}g . lj/f6\
bz{gsf] cfsfª\IfL x'g' / bz{gkZrft\\ cfkm"nfO{ ;≈dfNg' cfuf];Fu v]Ng' h:tf] xf] . To;}n] ch{'gn]
ljgd|tfk"j{s xh'/nfO{ of] ;Dej nfU5 eg] dfq bz{g lbg'xf];\ cGoyf d k|tLIff u5{' eG5g\ . s}og\
k6s lziox¿n] k"/f tof/L u/]kl5 dfq u'?n] Tof] c;Dej / lj:tf/xLgnfO{ x]g{ :jLs[lt lbG5g\ .
o;sf] tof/Lsf nflu hGdf}+ k|tLIff ug{'k5{ . ljgf tof/Lsf] sfFrf] cj:yfdf lj/f6\sf] bz{gsf]
k|of;n] w]/} ;fws ljlIfKt ePsf 5g\ . hd{g ljrf/s km]8l/s lgT;] hf] a'4, dxfjL/;/xsf] r]tgf
ePsf JolQm lyP pgL o;sf HjnGt pbfx/0f x'g\ . pgn] eg]sf lyP– ;doeGbf xhf/f}+ dfOndfly
d plePsf] 5' o;sf] cy{ xf] d ;doeGbf aflx/ ePsf] 5' / lj/f6\ c/fhstfnfO{ b]lv/x]sf] 5' .
To;kl5 pgL :j:Yo x'g ;s]gg\ / kfun eP . of] pgsf] ljgf tof/L / ljgf u'?sf] sfFrf] cj:yfd}
lj/f6\ x]g]{ OR5fn] lj/f6\;Fu ;fIffTsf/ t eof] t/ pgn] Tof] wfGg g;Sbf ljlIfKt eP / ljlIfKttfd}
pgsf] d[To' klg eof] .
ch{'gsf] klg ;fob Tof] lj/f6\sf] bz{g ug{eGbf cl3 dg ljrlnt / ql;t ePsf] x'g'k5{ .
To;}n] s[i0fnfO{ g} pko'Qmtf hfFRg] cg'/f]w u/]/ d]/f] ;Defjgf / kfqtf 5 eg] dfq bz{g lbg'xf];\
cGoyf d k|tLIff u5{' egL cg'/f]w ub{5g\ . o;k|sf/ ch{'gn] k|fy{gf u/]kl5 >Ls[i0fn] eGg'eof]– x]
kfy{ Û d]/f ;}s8f“}+ / xhf/f}“ k|sf/sf ljleGg j0f{sf] cfs[lt ePsf] cnf}lss ¿k x]/ . ch{'gsf]
egfOdf ljgd|tf / ;dk{0f lyof] To;}n] pgL s[i0fsf] lj/f6\ ¿ksf] bz{g ug{ k"/f tof/ lyP . h;n]
ubf{ s[i0fn] ch{'gsf] of]Uotf / kfqtfsf] s'/f p7fpg' g} ePg / ;f]em} d]/f] cnf}lss ¿k x]/
eGg'eof] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] e/tj+zL ch{'g Û ddf cflbTox¿nfO{, clbltsf åfbz k'qx¿nfO{,

nf]suLtf– 477
cWofo–!!
cf7 j;'x¿nfO{, Psfbz ?›x¿nfO{, clZjgLs'df/nfO{, d?t\u0fnfO{ x]/ / c¿ klg klxn] slxNo}
gb]lvPsf cfZro{do ¿kx¿nfO{ x]/ . x] ch{'g Û d]/f] z/L/sf] Ps 7fpFdf l:yt r/fr/;lxt ;Dk"0f{
hut\nfO{ klg x]/ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ kfqtf / pko'Qmtfsf] k|Zg g} gp7fO{ d]/f ljleGg ¿kx¿nfO{
x]/ eGg'x'G5 . ;fob oxL cfu|x cln cufl8 u/]sf] eP s[i0fsf] hjfkm c¿ g} x'g ;SYof] . ch{'gn]
olt nfdf] ;+jfbdf cjZo s]xL cfh{g u/] xf]nfg\ Û h;nfO{ b]Vg s]jn s[i0f ;dy{ x'g'x'G5 . To;}n]
kfqtfsf af/]df s]xL gegL d]/f] ¿k x]/ eGg'x'G5 . xfdLx¿ ;a} s[i0fåf/f g} ;~rflnt 5f}+ . olb
xfdL /y xf}“ eg] xfd|f] dg ch{'g / leqsf] ;fIfL r}tGo >Ls[i0f xf] . s[i0f g} xfd|f] dgsf] ;fIfL xf]
t/ xfd|f] dgn] ;fIfLlt/ b[li6 k'¥ofPsf] 5}g / p;nfO{ ;'g]sf] klg 5}g . h'g lbg xfd|f] cfˆgf] tof/L
k"/f x'G5 xfdL klg >Ls[i0fnfO{ pknJw x'g] 5fF} .
ch{'gdf /x]sf] ;Gb]xsf] afbn x6]/ >Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf s'/fdf ch{'gnfO{ >4f pTkGg ePsf]
5 / ca pgL k|ZgxLg ePsf 5g\ . k|Zgsf] ;dflKt g} Tof] lj/f6\ x]g]{ Ifdtfsf] k|flKt xf] . ;TonfO{
;'g]/ xf]Og, x]/]/ kfpg ;lsG5 To;}n] ;To hfGg] JolQmnfO{ >f]tf xf]Og ›i6f elgG5 . h;n] hfg]
pgsf] 1fgnfO{ >j0f xf]Og bz{g elgG5 . To;}n] t];|f] g]qsf] vf]hL ul/G5 lsgeg] leqL cfFvfsf]
cg'ej dfq cfˆgf] x'G5 . ch{'g k|f/Dedf kfk–k'0o, lx+;f–clx+;fdf clNemPsf lyP . pgsf ;a}
k|Zgx¿ clxn];Dd g}lts lyP t/ ca pgsf] lh1f;f wfld{s ePsf] 5 / pgsf] cfofd g} kl/jt{g
ePsf] 5 . o'4df kl/jf/hgsf nflu clxn];Dd pgL lrlGtt lyP . ca Tof] le8 / ljzfn ;]gfx¿
;a} n'Kt eP/ s]jn ch{'g / s[i0fdfq z]if /x]sf 5g\ . pgsf nflu ;+;f/ g} ;a} x/fof] / pgL ca
lj/f6\sf] bz{g ug{ rfxG5 . ch{'gsf] of] lh1f;f wd{sf] lh1f;f xf] .
a|Xd;"qsf] k|f/Desf] jrg cb\e't 5– …cyftf] a|Xdlh1f;fÚ≤ oxfFaf6 a|Xdlh1f;f ;'? x'G5 .
o;sf] cy{ clxn];Dd ;+;f/sf] lh1f;f lyof] eGg] xf] . To:t} uLtfdf ch{'gsf] klg cfofd ablnof]
/ ;+;f/sf] rrf{af6 5'6]/ ca a|Xdsf] lh1f;f ;''? ePsf] 5 . ca ch{'g a|XdnfO{ jf s[i0fsf] lj/f6\
:j¿knfO{ k|ToIf cjnf]sg ug{ rfxG5g\ . cflbzª\s/frfo{n] a8f] cfu|x u/]/ of] hut\ dfof /
:jKg xf] eGg'ePsf] 5 . hut\nfO{ ;To xf]Og :jKg dfg]/ ha JolQm ;Tosf] vf]h u5{, ta a|Xdsf]
lj/f6\ bz{g ;Dej x'G5 . tTf\kZrft\\ of] hut\ cfsfzdf df5f p8] h:tf] :jKg k|tLt x'G5 .
s[i0fsf] ;flGgWo / tNnLgtfn] ch{'gnfO{ ca of] hut\ :jKgj4 eof] . pgnfO{ gLlt–cgLlt, plrt–
cg'lrt, kfk–k'0o ;a} lj:d/0f eof] / :jcg'ejaf6 a|Xdsf] bz{g ug]{ Ps dfq OR5f z]if /Xof] .
uLtfsf] of] If0f;Dddf ch{'gn] hLjgsf] 5'›tfsf] lh1f;f 5f]8]/ lj/f6\sf] lh1f;f /fVg] of]Uotf
cfh{g u/]sf 5g\ . wd{sf ;a} pkfo k"hf, kf7, hk, Wofg 5'›nfO{ lj:d/0f ug]{ pkfo x'g\ .
aflx/sf] sf]nfxn ha aGb x'G5, ta dfq leqsf] ;gftg cfjfh ;'lgG5 .
lj/f6\nfO{ x]g]{ t];|f] cfFvf aflx/sf] Hof]lt tfgL leq s]lG›t u/] dfq v'Nnf x'g ;S5 t/ of]
cToGt nfdf] ofqf x'G5 . /fwfsf] gfd pN6\ofpFbf wf/f aG5 . /fwf Pp6f of}lus k|lqmof xf], h'g
lbg hLjgsf] wf/f pN6f] x'G5 To; lbg Tof] wf/faf6 /fwf aG5 . cfFvfaf6 aflx/ aUg] hLjg¿kL
wf/f ha leq cfpg yfN5, ta Tof] /fwf x'G5 / xfdLleq n's]sf] ;fIfL r}tGo s[i0f;Fu ldng
x'G5 . /fwf xfd|f] hLjgwf/f pN6f] eP/ cGt/ofqf ug]{ gfd xf] . Tof] hLjgwf/f ha /fwf aG5, ta
Tof] k/d lgTo;Fu /f; ;'? x'G5 . oxL /fwf;Fu r}tGo:j¿k s[i0fsf] /f; nLnf xf] . csf]{, t];|f] g]q
vf]Ng] pkfo ;dk{0f efj xf] . h'g hLjgwf/f leq ;''? x'G5, To;nfO{ ;dk{0f u/]df Tof] ;dk{0fsf]
wf/f pN6f] aUg yfN5 / t];|f] g]q v'N5 . ch{'gn] s'g} ;fwgf klg u/]sf 5}gg\ . To;sf] s'g} 1fg
klg pgnfO{ 5}g t/ s[i0fdf u/]sf] pgsf] ;dk{0fn] ljgfk|Zg lj/f6\ ¿k x]/ egL tTf\If0f >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] ch{'gsf] /fwfs[i0f;Fu d]n eof] / b'j} wf/f Ps eP/ 36gf 3l6t eof] . >Ls[i0f

nf]suLtf– 478
 cWofo–!!
h:tf w}o{jfg\ / cnf}lss u'? x'gfn] ch{'gsf x/]s plrt, cg'lrt k|Zgsf] hjfkm lbFb} pgnfO{
cfGtl/s ¿kfGt/0f u/]/ of] l:yltdf k'¥ofpg'eof], hxfF ca pgL lj/f6\sf] bz{gsf] kfqtf k|fKt ug{
;kmn eP / xfdLn] uLtf h:tf] cb\e't cnf}lss u|Gy kfpg ;Sof}F . of] ;a} s[i0fsf] s[kfs} a;f{t
xf] .
g t' df+ zSo;] b|i6'dg]g}j :jrIf'iff .
lbJo+ bbfld t] rIf'M kZo d] of]ud}Zj/d\ ..*..
x] ch{'g Û dnfO{ ltdL cfˆgf] of] k|fs[t cfFvfaf6 x]g{ lgM;Gb]x c;dy{ 5f} . o; lglDt d
ltdLnfO{ lbJorIf' lbG5'≤ o;af6 ltdL d]/f] O{Zj/Lo of]uzlQmnfO{ x]/ ..
;~ho pjfr
Pjd'STjf ttf] /fhGdxfof]u]Zj/f] xl/M .
bz{ofdf; kfyf{o k/d+ ¿kd}Zj/d\ ..(..
;~hon] eg]– x] /fhg\ Û dxfof]u]Zj/ / ;a} k|sf/sf kfksf] gfz ug]{jfnf eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn]
olt eg]/ ch{'gnfO{ cfˆgf] lbJo:j¿k b]vfpg'eof] ..
cg]sjSqgogdg]sf∫'tbz{gd\ .
cg]slbJofe/0f+ lbJofg]sf]Btfo'wd\ ..!)..
lbJodfNofDa/w/+ lbJouGwfg'n]kgd\ .
;jf{Zro{do+ b]jdgGt+ ljZjtf]d'vd\ ..!!..
cg]s d'v / g]qn] o'Qm, cg]s cb\e't bz{g ePsf k|z:t cfe"if0fn] o'Qm cg]s lbJoz:qx¿
wf/0f u/]sf lbJo uGw z/L/df n]k u/]sf ;a} k|sf/n] cfZro{o'Qm ;Ldf/lxt / rf/}lt/ d'v u/]sf
lj/f6\:j¿k k/db]j k/d]Zj/nfO{ ch{'gn] b]v] ..
dg'iodf ;w}F hLjgsf] k|of]hg, nIo / k/d /x:oaf/] hfGg] rfxgf x'G5 . pm pTklQ /
k|nosf] /x:o hfGg rfxG5 . dg'io h'g cj:yfdf 5 Tof] cj:yfdf of] /x:o hfGg ;lsGg .
;+;f/df gfl:ts bz{gsf] ljsf; x'gfsf] sf/0f oxL g} xf] . cGwf]] JolQmn] rfx]/ klg k|sfz b]Vg
;Sb}g . To;}n] p;n] k|sfz e|flGt xf] eGg ;S5 t/ slt k|sfz b]Vg] JolQmx¿ klg lje|ddf 5g\ .
dg'iox¿ k/dfTdfnfO{ k/Dk/fut cGwljZjf;sf cfwf/df dflg/x]sf 5g\ . ;a} k/dfTdf vf]Hg
rfxG5g\ t/ cfkm";Fu Tof] cfFvf 5 ls 5}g h;af6 k/dfTdfnfO{ b]Vg ;lsof];\ eGg] k|Zg ub}{gg\ .
ha k/dfTdf of] uf]r/ cfFvfaf6 b]lvFb}g, ta cGwfn] k|sfz 5}g eg] emF} gfl:tsn] klg k/dfTdf
5}g eGg ;S5g\ . cfkm";Fu} ePsf] k/dfTdf b]Vg ;Sg] t];|f] g]qsf ljifodf kfqtf / hfgsf/L gx'Fbf
k/dfTdfnfO{ x]g{ vf]h]/ dfq k/dfTdfnfO{ b]Vg ;lsGg . of] cGwfn] k|sfz 5}g eg] h:t} s'/f xf] .
ljut tLg ;o jif{df dg'ion] k|fKt u/]sf] pknlAwaf6 p;df 7'nf] cxª\sf/ plAhPsf] 5 .
dg'io 7'nf] la/fdL;Fu n8\g ;Sg] ePsf] 5, lah'nLnfO{ afFw]/ 3/df k|sfz Nofpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
o:tf pknlAwx¿n] p;sf] cxª\sf/nfO{ yk an k'u]sf] 5 . hlt cxª\sf/ a9\5 plt g} gfl:tstf
;3g x'G5 . dg'io cfˆgf] aflx/L OlG›onfO{ klg oGq;Fu hf]8]/ lj:tf/ ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 t/ s'g}
OlG›o hf] aGb g} ePsf] 5 o;sf] vf]hL ug{ eg] k"/f c;kmn ePsf] 5 . klxn]sf] o'udf sd
ef}lts pknlAwsf sf/0f cxª\sf/ ug]{ cj;/ sd lyof] . t;y{ hLjgdf ;xh ¿kdf ljgd|tf
cfpFYof] / aflx/ a9\g] pkfo gePkl5 dg'io leq a9\g] r]i6f uYof{] . cfh rG›dfdf hfg ;lhnf] 5
t/ leq ofqf ug{ sl7g ePsf] 5 . JolQmx¿;Fu a'l4 t 5 t/ o;n] ts{ / ul0ftsf] efiffnfO{ a9L
hfGg ;S5 . a'l4sf] lj:tf/ lj1fg xf] . To;}n] lj1fgn] h;nfO{ gfKg / hfFRg ;lsG5 To;nfO{

nf]suLtf– 479
cWofo–!!
dfq dfGb5 / h;nfO{ gfKg / hfFRg ;lsGg Tof] 5}g eGb5 . of] lj1fgsf] e'n xf] lsgeg] h;nfO{
gfKg, hfFRg / ks8\g ;lsGg Tof] x'g klg ;S5 .
cfl:tstf ;xh :jLsf/efj xf] . d cw'/f] 5' / d k/d ;TonfO{ hfGg rfxG5' eGg]
:jLsf/efj cfl:tstf xf] . k/dfTdf c;Ld 5, To;}n] p;nfO{ a'l4n] gfKg ;lsGg . a'l4 gfKg]
Joj:yf xf] / a'l4 lj/f6\sf] Ps c+z xf] . t;y{ c+zn] k"0f{nfO{ gfKg ;Sb}g . c+zn] w]/} s'/f ug{
;S5 t/ k"0f{nfO{ ks8\g ;Sb}g . a'l4 lj/f6\sf] ;fu/sf] yf]kf h:tf] xf]≤ To;}n] a'l4 lj/f6\nfO{ hfGg]
pkfo xf]Og . dg'io a'l4n] lj/f6\nfO{ hfGg] k|of; u5{ h'g p;sf] e'n xf] . cGwfnfO{ k|sfz c1ft
eP em}“ xfdLnfO{ O{Zj/ c1ft 5 t/ pm ;j{q Jofks ¿kdf l:yt 5 . xfdL k/dfTdfd} ;b}j 5f}F /
pmljgf xfd|f] /ut ;~rfng x'g ;Sb}g, Zjf; rNg ;Sb}g, Åbo w8\lsg ;Sb}g, jf0fL km'6\g ;Sb}g,
dg ljrf/ ug{ ;Sb}g / pmljgf s]xL klg x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] pm g} cl:tTj xf] t/ p;nfO{ b]Vg
;Sg] OlG›o cyf{t\ rIf' xfdL;Fu 5}g . ;fy} O{Zj/nfO{ ;f]r–ljrf/af6 hfGg klg ;lsFb}g / a'l4n]
kfpg klg ;lsFb}g .
dg'ion] kbfy{ hf] :y"n x'G5, To;nfO{ 5'g ;S5 t/ kbfy{leq /x]sf] ;"IdnfO{ 5'g ;Sb}g .
xfd|f OlG›ox¿sf] Pp6f ;Ldf 5 . dg'ioeGbf a9L OlG›osf] Ifdtf ePsf] cyf{t\ ;'Gg], ;'FWg] OToflb
zlQm a9L ePsf hgfj/x¿ 5g\ . s's'/n] xfdLeGbf ;os8f“+} u'0ff a9L ;'Gg / ;'F£g ;S5, 3f]8fn]
xfdLeGbf bz u'0ff Hofbf ;'F£g ;S5, df}/Ln] kfFr dfOn k/af6 km"nsf] ;'uGw ;dfTg ;S5 .
xfdLeGbf w]/} zlQmzfnL cfFvf, lha|f], sfg / xft ePsf hgfj/x¿ 5g\ . xfd|f ;a} OlG›ox¿sf]
;Ldf ePsfn] c;LdnfO{ s'g} OlG›on] ;dfTg ;Sb}g . xfd|f OlG›o dfq xf]Og xfd|f] hLjg g} ;Lldt
5 . xfd|f] hLjg g} klg (* l8u|L / !)* l8u|L lardf /x]sf] 5 . (* l8u|LeGbf tfkdfg 36\bf of
!)* l8u|LeGbf Hofbf a9\bf dg'iosf] hLjg ;dfKt x'G5 . o:tf] ;Lldt hLjgaf6 Tof] k/d
hLjgaf/] hfGg vf]Hg' cToGt sl7g sfd xf] . s'g} hfgsf/L g} geO{ O{Zj/ 5 eGg] / 5}g eGg] b'j}
JolQm ca'em x'g\ . ;dembf/ JolQmn] oqf] lj/f6\ c;Ld O{Zj/;Fu ;DaGw agfpg pm pko'Qm 5 5}g
/ p;sf] kfqtf 5 5}g eGg] lrGtg ug{'k5{ . olb kfqtf 5}g eg] cfˆgf] cj:yf / l:yltnfO{ Tof]
k/dnfO{ hfGg] of]Uo s;/L agfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljrf/ ug{'k5{ . wd{ / bz{gdf oxL km/s x'G5 .
wd{ :jod\ / cfkm"leqsf] ;Defjgfsf] vf]hL u5{ eg] bz{g O{Zj/sf ;DaGwdf dfq ;f]Rb5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– t/ dnfO{ of] k|fs[lts g]qaf6 b]Vgsf nflu ltdL lgM;Gb]x c;dy{ 5f} .
To;}n] d ltd|f nflu lbJorIf' lbG5' . To;af6 ltdL d]/f] O{Zj/Lo of]uzlQmnfO{ x]/ . >Ls[i0f
ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL;Fu h'g cfFvf 5g\, ltgaf6 ltdL dnfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}gf}“ . ch{'g o; If0f klg
cfˆgf] cfFvf cufl8 h'g s[i0fnfO{ b]lv/x]sf 5g\ ltg} s[i0fnfO{ dfq hfGb5g\ t/ TfL s[i0fleq l:yt
csf]{ jf:tljs s[i0fnfO{ ch{'gn] oL OlG›ohGo cfFvfn] b]Vg ;Sb}gg\≤ >Ls[i0f ToxL jf:tljs s[i0fsf]
s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . clxn] h'g s[i0f ch{'gsf] b[li6sf cufl8 x'g'x'G5, Tof] t s[i0fsf] 5fofF dfq
b]lvPsf] xf] / d"nnfO{ t pgn] b]v]s} 5}gg\ . kfgLdf k|ltljDa ag] h:t} k|s[ltdf cfTdfsf] k|ltljDa
aG5 . xfdL cfkm"nfO{ xf]Og, cfˆgf] 5fofnfO{ dfq b]V5f}“ . xfdLn] d"lt{df b]Vg] s[i0f pxfFsf] 5ljsf]
klg k|lt5lj xf] lsgeg] pxfF z/L/d} pkl:yt x'Fbf klg :jod\ of] …dÚ xf]Og hf] ltdL dnfO{
b]lv/x]sf 5f} eGb} x'g'x'G5 . s[i0fnfO{ x]g{ k|fs[lTfs rIf'sf] sfd 5}g, o;sf nflu lbJorIf'sf]
cfjZostf k5{ . s[i0fn] afXo cfFvfnfO{ k|fs[lts eGg'sf] cy{ o;af6 k|s[lt uf]r/ x'G5 t/ lbJotf
uf]r/ x'g ;Sb}g, o;af6 kbfy{ b]lvG5 t/ r}tGo b]lvFb}g . ch{'g s[i0fsf] d"n b]Vg ;dy{ ePdf
cfˆgf] d"n b]Vg klg ;dy{ x'g ;S5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGb} x'g'x'G5– d ltdLnfO{ lbJorIf' lbG5', h;n]
ltdL dnfO{ d"n ¿kdf b]Vg] 5f} . ts{ ug{' dg'iosf] :jefj xf] . To;}n] s[i0fsf] s'/fdf Pp6f
lh1f;f s] s;}n] lbJorIf' lbg ;S5 eGg] p7\g ;S5 / olb k/dfTdfn] dfq lbg ;S5 eg] k|of;
ug{'eGbf s[i0fsf] k|tLIff ug{'afx]s c¿ ljsNk x'g} ;Sb}g eGg] lh1f;f klg p7\g ;S5 .

nf]suLtf– 480
 cWofo–!!
>Ls[i0fn] lbJorIf' lbG5' eGg'eGbf cl3 g} ch{'gn] s[i0fnfO{ k"/f ;dk{0f ul/;s]sf 5g\ .
dg'ion] ug]{ ;a}eGbf 7'nf] ;fwgf ;dk{0f xf] . To;}n] h;n] k"0f{ ;dk{0f u5{ p;nfO{ lbJo rIf'
:jtM k|fKt x'G5 . Tof] ;dk{0fsf] If0f g} lbJorIf'sf] lgdf{0f x'G5 . s[i0fsf] pkl:yltn] g} ch{'gn]
lbJorIf' k|fKt u/]sf x'g\ . >Ls[i0f o; cj;/df Sof6]n]l6s Ph]G6sf] sfd ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . cWofTddf
Sof6n]l6s Ph]G6sf] wf/0ff dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . u'? Sof6n]l6s Ph]G6 xf] p;n] s]xL ub}{g / s]xL lbFb}g
lsgeg] s]xL ubf{ klg lx+;f x'G5 . To;}n] u'? s]jn pkl:yt dfq x'G5 lsgeg] cfWofTd lbg ;lsg]
s'/f g} xf]Og . u'?sf] pkl:ylt dfqn] ;a} sfd u5{ . s[i0fsf] pkl:ylt gePsf] eP ch{'gsf]
;dk{0f klg c;Dej x'g] lyof] . hlt ;lhnf] ch{'gnfO{ s[i0fsf cufl8 ;dk{0f ug{ eof] ;fob Tof]
dL/fnfO{ ePg xf]nf . To;}n] dL/fsf] ;dk{0f ch{'gsf] eGbf dxfg\ 5 . k/d ;To slxNo} gi6 xF'b}g
s]jn 5fofF dfq x/fpF5 . dL/fn] k|ltljDa hGdfP/ tTf\kZrft\\ ;dk{0f ul/g\, of] ch{'gsf] eGbf
sl7g sfo{ xf] . Tof] d"n t slxNo} klg x/fpFb}g / ToxL d"n kfgLdf /fd, s[i0f, a'4 eP/
emlNsG5g\ clg xfdL b]Vg ;S5f}F . Tof] d"n xfdL ;a};Fu 5 / h'g lbg xfd|f] sNkgf k|uf9 P]gf jf
hn aG5, Tof] lbg Tof] d"n xfdLdf k|ltljlDat x'g] 5 . ToxL k|ltljDa dL/fn] klg lgdf{0f u/]sL
x'g\ . s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ cfkm" h:t} z/L/wf/LnfO{ k/dfTdf dfGg p;sf] cxª\sf/sf nflu ;a}eGbf
sl7g sfo{ x'g] x'Fbf ch{'gnfO{ klg sl7g ePs} x'g'k5{ .
ha s;}nfO{ k/dfTdf dflgG5, ta ;dk{0f ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . ;dk{0f ug]{ JolQmsf] åf/ v'N5
/ p;n] k/dfTdf hxfF klg / 9'ª\ufdf klg b]Vg ;S5 . ;dk{0fs} sf/0f ch{'gn] lbJorIf' k|fKt
u/]sf x'g\ . ;dk{0f gu/L hlt;'s} ;TojfbL / a|Xdrf/L ;fw' eP klg p;sf] kljqtf cxª\sf/
aG5 . To;}n] slxn]sfxLF cª\u'nLdfn, /Tgfs/ h:tf JolQm klg cxª\sf/L ;fw'sf] t'ngfdf l56}
k/dfTdf;dIf k'U5g\ . cª\xsfl/tf eGbf 7'nf] kfk c¿ s]xL x'Fb}g / lg/xª\sfl/tf eGbf 7'nf] ;fw'tf
c¿ s]xL x'Fb}g . ch{'gsf] z/0ffult efj b]v]/ >Ls[i0fn] d ltdLnfO{ lbJorIf' lbG5', ltdL d]/f] k"0f{
/ d"n ¿k x]/ eGg'ePsf] xf] . ha s'g} dfWod geP/ leq z'4 b]Vg]jfnf dfq /xG5, ta c;LdnfO{
b]Vg ;lsG5 jf c;Ldsf] bz{g x'G5 . lbJorIf'af6 c;Ldsf] bz{g x'g] x'Fbf of] rIf'nfO{ lbJo
elgPsf] xf] . xfd|f cfˆgf OlG›osf] hlt Ifdtf / ;Ldf 5 ToxLF;Dd b]Vg ;S5f}F . hut\ c;Ld 5
t/ xfd|f] b]Vg] dfWodn] o;nfO{ ;Ldfdf afFlwlbG5 . To;}n] xfdL OlG›osf] Ifdtf hlt dfq b]Vg
;S5f}F . j}1flgsx¿ eGb5g\– xfd|f rf/}lt/ 3l6t ePsf 36gfx¿dWo] (* k|ltzt 36gfx¿ xfdL
b]Vg c;dy{ x'G5f}F / @ k|ltzt dfq xfd|f] OlG›osf] Ifdtf x'g] x'Fbf Tolt g} xfdL b]Vg ;S5fF} .
ha ;+;f/af6 JolQm k"0f{ j}/fUosf lglDt pknJw x'G5 cyf{t\ ztk|ltzt cGwf] x'G5, ta
lbJorIf' pknAw x'G5 / leqsf] b[li6 v'n]/ c;Ldsf] cnf}lss ¿ksf] bz{g x'G5 . ;+;f/af6 gefu]/
/ ;+;f/nfO{ gks8]/ s]jn r]tgf hf] OlG›osf] kl5 bf}l8G5, To;nfO{ lkmtf{ ug{' j}/fUo xf] . 3/
5f]8]/ efUg' j}/fUo xf]Og j}/fUosf] cy{ g t ;+;f/nfO{ 5f8\g' g klS8g' xf]Ù s]jn r]tgf hf]
OlGb|osf k5fl8 bf}l8GYof] To;nfO{ lkmtf{ ug{' j}/fUo xf] . olb cfFvf j}/fuL eP eg] lbJorIf' v'Ng]
5 . ;+;f/df jf;gf / /; /x'Gh]n JolQmn] ;dk{0f ug{ ;Sb}g . k/dfTdfn] h:tf] rfXof] p:t} x'g'
;dk{0f xf] . ch{'gdf klg ;+;f/sf] /; x6]sf] x'g'k5{ / j}/fUosf] cj:yfdf x'Fb} ;dk{0fsf] cj:yfdf
k'u]sf] x'g'k5{ . To;}n] ch{'gsf nflu ;f/f JolQmx¿ / o'4:yn klg x/fPsf] 5 . To;}n] ch{'g
eG5g\– olb xh'/n] rfxg'x'G5 / d]/f] ;Defjgf xh'/sf] bz{g ug{ ;S5 h:tf] xh'/nfO{ nfU5 eg]
dnfO{ xh'/sf] cnf}lss ¿ksf] k|ToIf bz{g u/fOlbg'xf];\ . oxL ch{'gsf] ;dk{0f / s[i0fsf]
pkl:yltaf6 ch{'gnfO{ lbJorIf' k|fKt ePsf] xf] ;fy} ;dk{0fsf] o; 38Ldf s[i0fsf] ;Qf;Fu
ch{'gsf] ldng x'g ;Sof] .
;~hon] eg]– x] /fhg\ Û dxfof]u]Zj/ Pjd\ ;a} kfk gfz ug]{jfnf eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] oL
s'/fx¿ eg]/ ch{'gnfO{ cfˆgf] k/d cnf}lss P]Zjo{o'Qm lbJo :j¿k b]vfpg'eof] . of] 36gf

nf]suLtf– 481
cWofo–!!
s[i0faf6 ch{'gsf] leq 36\of] / ch{'g lvNg yfNf] . pgsf] r]tgfsf kª\vx¿ v'n] / ch{'gn] Tof]
lbJo ¿k b]Vg ;s] . of] 36gf ;~ho w[t/fi6«nfO{ ;'gfpb} 5g\ . ;~ho xfdL h:t} s[i0feGbf k/
5g\ . ;To ha 36\5, ta Tof] va/ Nofpg] JolQm rflxG5 cGoyf xfdL h:tf cGwfx¿nfO{ yfxf
klg x'Fb}g . ;~ho;Fu lbJorIf' eg] 5}g . lbJorIf' k|fKt JolQmsf lglDt ch{'gnfO{ 36]sf] h:tf]
36gf 36\5 . ;~ho;Fu lbJorIf' xf]Og b"/b[li6 5 . uLtfsf] efiff ;~hosf] efiff xf] . o;df w]/}
tnx¿ 5g\ . 36gfsf] tndf >Ls[i0f x'g'x'G5, csf]{ lgs6 tndf ch{'g 5g\ clg w]/} k/sf] tn\df
;~ho 5g\ / cgGt b"/Ldf a;]sf w[t/fi6« 5g\ . To;}n] uLtf rf/ r/0fdf lxF8\5 . w[t/fi6«
;~honfO{ ;f]W5g\ / ;~ho Tof] k/sf] 36gfnfO{ zAbdf afFlw/x]sf 5g\ . ;~hon] cGwf w[t/fi6«nfO{
a'emfpg'kg]{ x'Fbf pgsf] egfO cw'/f] x'G5 . xfdLx¿ ;a} w[t/fi6« xf}F . To;}n] xfdLnfO{ klg s]xL
b]lvFb}g / xfdL klg s]xL a'‰b}gf} .
;~ho eG5g\– >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ cfˆgf] Tof] k/d lbJo ¿k b]vfpg' eof] . ;~hon] j0f{g
u/]sf] / ch{'gn] b]v]sf] klxnf] ¿k P]Zjo{o'Qm lbJo :j¿k xf] . of] ¿k >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gsf] tof/Lsf
nflu b]vfpg ;''? ug{'ePsf] xf] . k/dfTdfsf ljleGg ¿kx¿ 5g\– ljs/fn, eoª\s/, s'¿k ¿k klg
k/dfTdfs} ¿k x'g\ / clt ;'Gb/ P]Zjo{o'Qm dlxdfjfg\ ¿k klg k/dfTdfs} ¿k x'g\ . g/fd|f]–/fd|f]
kIf / ;f/f å}t k/dfTdf g} xf] . h;n] PsnfO{ hfGb5 p;sf nflu ;a} /fd|f]–g/fd|f] lt/f]lxt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ cfˆgf] k"0f{ ¿k b]vfpg] qmd ;''? ug{'x'G5 . ch{'gnfO{ x]g{] ;'lawf xf];\ eg]/ lbJo
P]Zjo{ ¿kaf6 ;'?jft ug{'x'G5, l;w} ljs/fn ¿k k|s6 ug{'x'Gg . >Ls[i0f clt;'Gb/, k|Llts/,
dlxdfzfnL ¿kaf6 bz{g lbg k|f/De ug{'x'G5 . >Ls[i0fsf] k"0f{ ¿kdf pxfFsf] dgdf]xs lrŒfrf]/
afF;'/L ahfpg] ¿k klg 5 / lzjn] tf08j u/]sf] /f}› :j¿k klg 5 . xfdL h:tf qf;sf] 5fofFdf
lhpg] JolQmsf nflu ljs/fn ¿kaf6 x]g{ ;'? ug{' vt/gfs l;4 x'g ;S5 . To;}n] s[i0fn]
ch{'gnfO{ klxn] k/d P]Zjo{o'Qm lbJo :j¿k bz{g u/fpg'eof] . Tof] cg]s d'xf/ / g]qn] o'Qm cg]s
bz{g ePsf] cTolws ;'Gb/ e"if0faf6 ;';lHht / cTolws z:qx¿ ;lxt lbJo dfnf / j:q wf/0f
u/]sf], lbJo uGwsf] cg'n]kg u/]sf] Pjd\ ;a} k|sf/sf] cfZro{o'Qm ;Ldf/lxt lj/f6\ :j¿k k/db]j
k/dfTdfnfO{ ch{'gn] b]v]/ ckns lgxfl//x] eg]/ ;~ho eGb5g\ .
j0f{g ul/Psf oL ;a} ¿k ch{'gsf k|Llts/ s'/f x'g\ . To;}n] k/dfTdfsf] klxnf] :j¿k
pgsf nflu k|Llts/ lyof] . Iflqosf nflu O{Zj/ h:tf] x'g'kg]{ To:t} ¿kdf z:qf:qn] ;';lHht,
P]Zjo{o'Qm cfe"if0fn] o'Qm :j¿kdf >Ls[i0f k|s6 x'g'eof] . >Ls[i0fsf] klxnf] ¿k h'g ch{'gsf
cufl8 k|s6 eof], Tof] P]Zjo{n] kl/k"0f{ cg]s d'xf/ / g]q ePsf], cg]s bz{gjfnf, lbJo e"if0fx¿n]
;';lHht, lbJo z:qwf/0f u/]sf] / lbJo uGwn]kg u/]sf] lyof] . of] ¿k ch{'gn] sNkgf u/]sf]
O{Zj/sf] Tof] ¿k xf], hf] pgL x]g{ rfxGYf] . k/dfTdfsf] of] :j¿ksf] bz{gn] ch{'g cxf]efjn] nLg
eP . ;a} k|sf/n] cfZro{n] o'Qm, ;Ldf/lxt / ;a}lt/ d'v u/]sf k/dfTdfnfO{ ch{'gn] b]v]/ of]
lbJo¿kaf6 ch{'g df]lxt / :tAw x'g k'Uf] . of] cg'kd ;f}Gbo{nfO{ b]v]/ pgL lj:d[t eP lsgeg]
oxL pgsf] rfxgfsf] lbJo¿k lyof] .
lblj ;"o{;x:f|:o ej]B'ukb'lTytf .
olb efM ;b[zL ;f :of∫f;:t:o dxfTdgM ..!@..
cfsfzdf xhf/ ;"o{ Ps;fy pbfpgfn] h'g k|sfz pTkGg x'G5, Tof] klg of] ljZj¿k
k/dfTdfsf] k|sfzsf] ;b[Zf sbflrt\ g} xf]nf ..
tq}s:y+ huTs[T:g+ k|ljeQmdg]swf .
ckZob\b]jb]j:o z/L/] kf08j:tbf ..!#..

nf]suLtf– 482
 cWofo–!!
kf08'k'q ch{'gn] To; ;do cg]s k|sf/n] ljeQm cyf{t\ k[ys\ k[ys\ ;Dk"0f{ hut\ b]jx¿sf b]j
>Ls[i0f eujfg\sf] Tof] z/L/df Ps} 7fpFdf l:yt b]v] ..
ttM ; lj:doflji6f] Åi6/f]df wg~hoM .
k|0fDo lz/;f b]j+ s[tf~hln/efift ..!$..
ch{'gsf] cGt/ cfZro{rlst / z/L/ k'nlst eof] / pgn] ljZj¿k k/dfTdfnfO{ >4f,
elQm;lxt lz/n] k|0ffd u/]/ xft hf]8\b} eg] ..
ch{'g pjfr
kZofld b]jf+:tj b]j b]x]
;jf{+:tyf e"tljz]if;‹fg\ .
a|Xdf0fdLz+ sdnf;g:y–
d[ifL+Zr ;jf{g'/uf+Zr lbJofg\ ..!%..
ch{'gn] eg]– x] b]j Û d xh'/sf z/L/df ;Dk"0f{ b]jx¿nfO{ tyf cg]s k|f0fLx¿sf ;d'bfonfO{,
sdnsf] cf;gdf lj/flht a|XdfnfO{, dxfb]jnfO{ / ;Dk"0f{ Clifx¿nfO{ tyf lbJo ;k{x¿nfO{
b]lv/x]sf] 5' ..
cg]safx"b/jSqg]q+–
kZofld Tjf+ ;j{tf]˜gGt¿kd\ .
gfGt+ g dWo+ g k'g:tjflb+–
kZofld ljZj]Zj/ ljZj¿k ..!^..
x] ;Dk"0f{ ljZjsf :jfdL Û xh'/sf cg]s xft, k]6, d'v / g]qx¿n] o'Qm tyf ;a}lt/af6 cgGt
¿k ePsf] :j¿k b]Vb5' . x] ljZj¿k Û d xh'/sf] g cflbnfO{ b]Vb5' g dWo / g cGtnfO{ g} b]Vb5' ..
ls/Ll6g+ ulbg+ rlqm0f+ r
t]hf]/flz+ ;j{tf] bLlKtdGtd\ .
kZofld Tjf+ b'lg{/LIo+ ;dGtf–
2LKtfgnfs{B'ltdk|d]od\ ..!&..
xh'/nfO{ …dÚ d's'6o'Qm, ubfo'Qm / rqmo'Qm tyf ;a}lt/af6 k|sfzdfg\ t]hsf] k'~h, k|Hjlnt
clUg / ;"o{sf] ;b[z Hof]lto'Qm, sl7gtfn] x]g{ of]Uo / ;a}lt/af6 ck|d]o :j¿k b]Vb5' ..
s'?If]qsf] o'4:yndf cfˆgf] b[li6df s]lGb|t ul//x]sf ;~hon] eg]– x] /fhg\ Û cfsfzdf
xhf/ ;"o{ Ps}rf]l6 pbo x'Fbf pTkGg x'g] k|sfz klg Tof] ljZj¿k k/dfTdfsf] k|sfz;b[z ;fob}
xf]nf Û ch{'gnfO{ ljZj¿ksf] bz{g x'Fbf klxnf] cg'ej P]Zjo{sf] ePsf] lyof] . ch{'gnfO{ klxn]
>Ls[i0fsf] dlxdfzfnL P]Zjo{ ¿ksf] bz{g eof] h'g ;'Gb/, >]i7, ax'd"No / ;a} s'/fn] o'Qm 5 .
hut\sf] ;f/f ;f}Gbo{ lgrf]/]/ Tof] ljZj¿kdf l:yt ePsf] h:tf], ;f/f ;'uGw / k|]d lgrf]/]/ el/Psf]
h:tf] lbJo¿ksf] bz{g eof] . o:tf] cg'ej g} k/dfTdfsf] P]Zjo{sf] cg'ej xf] . ch{'gn] ;j{k|yd
k/dfTdfsf] P]Zjo{zfnL ¿k b]v] .
ch{'gn] k/dfTdfsf] bf];|f] k|sfz ¿k b]v] . k|sfz P]Zjo{kl5 b]lvg' plrt xf] lsgeg] P]Zjo{
klg cw'/f] k|sfz xf] . laxfgkv ;"o{ pbfpg'cl3sf] cfsfzdf b]lvg] dw'/f] k|sfz / cfefo'Qm cyf{t\
;fFemdf ;"o{ 9n]kl5 /flt x'g'cl3sf] b[Zo ;lGwsfnsf] dw'/f] cfnf]s h:tf] cj:yf P]Zjo{ xf] h'g
g]qlk|o x'G5 . P]Zjo{ cfnf]s xf] / P]Zjo{n] k|sfz x]g{ ch{'gsf cfFvfnfO{ tof/ ul/lbg] 5 cGoyf
k/dfTdfsf] k|sfz x]g{ ;Dej 5}g . ;"o{lt/ ;f]em} x]/]/ cGoq x]bf{ rf/}lt/ cGwsf/ b]lvG5 . emg\
xhf/f}“ ;"o{sf] t]h h:tf] k/dfTdfsf] k|sfzdo ¿k x]g{ / ;xg ug{ klg c;Dej x'g] x'gfn]
ch{'gnfO{ klxn] P]Zjo{ ¿ksf] bz{g lbP/ To;kl5 Tof] t]hf]do k|sfz ¿k x]g{ >Ls[i0f tof/ ub}{

nf]suLtf– 483
cWofo–!!
x'g'x'G5 . ha k|sfzsf] tLj| cf3ft x'G5, ta rf/}lt/ cGwsf/ km}lnG5 . :k]lg; /x:ojfbL ;Gt
hf]Gf (St. John of the cross) n] o;nfO{ cfTdfsf] cFWof/f] /ft (Dark night of the Soul) eg]sf
5g\ . ch{'gnfO{ ;fob oxL cf3ftaf6 arfpg / cfˆgf] t]hf]do ¿k b]vfpg P]Zjo{ ¿kaf6
>Ls[i0fn] lj/f6\ ¿ksf] bz{gsf] ;'?jft ug{'eof] . oxL P]Zjo{ ¿ksf sf/0f k/dfTdfnfO{ O{Zj/ klg
elgG5 .
hut\df ePsf ;a} kbfy{df ljB't\ vFlbnf] ¿kn] n's]sf] 5 cyf{t\ kbfy{ klg ljB't\ g} xf] .
k|sfz ha 3gLe"t x'G5, ta kbfy{h:tf] b]lvG5 . kbfy{sf] clGtd s0f On]S6«f]g ljB't\ s0f g} xf]
h'g ;a}eGbf ;fgf] ;"o{ xf] / of] cfkm}“df k|sfzn] k"0f{ 5 . lj1fg kbfy{nfO{ 6'S|ofP/ clGtd
cljefHo s0f k|sfz xf] eGg] glthfdf k'u]sf] 5 . wd{n] t klxn]blv g} k/dfTdfsf] cg'ej g}
j:t'tM k|sfzsf] cg'ej xf] eg]sf] 5 . k|sfzsf] k/d cg'e"ltsf ;DaGwdf ;a} wd{ Psdt
5g\ . olb of] ;f/f hut\ k|sfz g} ePdf ToxfF xhf/f}“ ;"o{sf] k|sfz /xg' :jfefljs x'G5 . olb
k[YjLsf] Ps–Ps s0f h'g ljB't\ pmhf{ g} xf] Ps–Ps ;"o{ eof] eg] ta hut\df xhf/f“+} ;"o{sf] k|sfz
g} k|sfz /xG5 . To;}n] ;~ho w[t/fi6«nfO{ o;}af/] eGb5g\– x] /fhg\ Û xhf/f}F ;"o{af6 pTkGg x'Fbf
x'g] k|sfzeGbf klg ljZj¿k k/dfTdfsf] k|sfz t]hf]do 5 . k/dfTdfdf ePsf] k|sfzsf cufl8
Tof] k|sfz t s]xL klg xf]Og . o:tf] cfZro{o'Qm ¿knfO{ bz{g u/]kl5 kf08'k'q ch{'gn] cg]s
v08df ljeQm / k[ys\–k[ys\ ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ hut\nfO{ >Ls[i0f eujfg\sf] z/L/df Ps 7fpFdf l:yt
ePsf] b]v] . o:tf] 36gf k|sfzsf] cg'ejkZrft\ g} 36\g ;S5 . of] ;f/f >[ª\vnf P]Zjo{, k|sfz /
Pstfsf] x'g ;S5 .
cl:tTjdf ePsf k|To]s kbfy{df /x]sf] df}lns PsfOsf] hfgsf/L eP/ k|sfzsf] s0f ePsf]
cg'ej ePkl5 ;a} cGt/ ;dfKt x'G5 cGoyf hut\ cg]s b]lvG5 . To;}n] k|sfzsf] cg'ej g}
Pstf / cå}tsf] cg'ej x'g' xf] . ch{'gn] dxfk|sfzsf] cg'ej ePkl5 ;d:t ljeQm s'/fx¿, v08–
v08df ljeflht ;d:t s'/fx¿ >Ls[i0fsf z/L/df Ps :yfgdf l:yt ePsf] b]v] . ;f/f cGt/sf
;Ldfx¿ lt/f]lxt eP/ ;f/f s'/f Ps eP/ c;Ld ;fu/ dfq /Xof] . k|sfzsf] o:tf] ;fu/ cg'ej
x'g' eg]sf] cg]s ljeQm s'/fx¿ Ps ePsf] cå}tsf] cg'ej x'g' xf] . cå}t s'g} l;4fGt of ts{
xf]Og lsgeg] ts{n] lrhnfO{ afF8\5, ljrf/n] vl08t u5{ / Ps ug{ ;Sb}g . o;af/] cå}t
cg'ejaf6 dfq hfGg ;lsG5 . ;a} k[ys\ s'/fx¿ >Ls[i0fsf] z/L/df Ps} 7fpFdf b]v]/ ch{'g
cfZro{rlst / xif{n] k'nlst eO{ >4f, elQm;lxt xft hf]8]/ lz/ g'xfO{ k|0ffd u/] .
ha sNkgfeGbf aflx/sf] s'/f b]lvG5 cyf{t\ a'l4n] ;f]Rg} g;Sg] s'/f b]lvG5 ta JolQmn]
cfZro{sf] cg'ej u5{ . cfZro{sf] cj:yfdf a'l4 z]if /xFb}g / ;f/f z/L/ /f]dfl~rt ePsf] cg'ej
x'G5 . ;fdfGo 36gfdf JolQm cfZro{df kb}{g . cfhsf] o'udf ;a} pQ/ yfxf x'gfn] cfhsf] ztfAbL
cfZro{ z"Go ztfAbLsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . wd{ /x:o / cfZro{sf] vf]h xf] . ch{'g h:tf] ;';+:s[t
JolQm cfZro{n] el/g' eg]sf] c;fwf/0f l:ylt xf] . k/dfTdfsf] lj/f6\ ¿ksf] bz{gkZrft\ ch{'gsf]
1fg, a'l4 / ljrf/n] s'g} sfd ug{ g;s]sfn] pgL cfZro{o'Qm Pjd\ xif{n] cfgGbljef]/ ePsf 5g\ .
a'l4 ;fy /x'Gh]n JolQm b'vs} vf]h u5{ / b'vL x'G5 . a'l4n] hLjg b]Vb}g, s]jn d[To' dfq b]V5 .
To;}n] hLjgdf xfdL x/]s lbg d5f}{ cyf{t\ d/Ld/L afFR5f} . a'l4n] ;'v xf]Og b'v / cefj dfq
b]Vg ;S5 . a'l4s} sf/0fn] xfdL h] 5}g To;;Fu b'vL 5f}“ / h] cfkm";Fu 5 To;;Fu klg ;'vL 5}gfF} .
ch{'gsf] klg a'l4 ;dfKt ePkl5 pgsf] z/L/ xif{n] k'nlst eof] / slDkt x'g yfNof] . ha
s'g} 36gf 3l6t x'G5 Tof] cfTdfdf dfq geP/ To;sf] c;/ z/L/sf] cª\u–k|Touª\df x'G5 .
cflTds cg'ejdf z/L/ klg kljq x'G5 . o:tf] ljZj¿k k/dfTdfsf] :j¿ksf] bz{gaf6 ch{'g

nf]suLtf– 484
 cWofo–!!
k|km'lNnt / :klGbt eP . ch{'gsf] >4f / elQmn] :jtM lz/ em'Sof], xft hf]l8P / pgL k"/}
gtd:ts eP egL ;~ho eGb} 5g\ . ch{'g eGb5g\– x] b]j Û xh'/sf] z/L/df b]jx¿, k|f0fLx¿sf]
;d'bfonfO{, sdnsf] cf;gdf a;]sf] a|XdfnfO{, dxfb]jnfO{, ;Dk"0f{ Clifx¿nfO{ tyf lbJo
gfux¿nfO{ b]V5' / ;Dk"0f{ ljZjsf] :jfdL Û xh'/sf cg]s xftx¿, k]6, d''v / g]qx¿af6 o'Qm tyf
;a}lt/af6 cgGt ¿kjfnf xh'/nfO{ b]Vb5' . s[i0fsf] o:tf] lj/f6\:j¿k b]v]kl5 ch{'g c:tJo:t
ePsf 5g\ . ;a} s'/f eGg klg rfxG5g\ t/ ;a} s'/f cleJoQm ug{ klg g;Sg] cj:yfdf 5g\ .
ch{'gsf] xif{ / cfgGbsf] s'g} ;Ldf 5}g . ch{'g eG5g\– d hGdbftf a|Xdf / ;+xf/stf{ dxfb]j klg
xh'/df b]V5' . ;Dk"0f{ ljZjsf :jfdL xh'/sf slt xft, k]6, d'v / g]qx¿ 5g\ . xfd|f] h:tf xhf/f}+
k[YjLx¿ k/dfTdfsf 5g\ . tL x/]ssf xft, d'v, g]q, k]6sf] sNkgf ubf{ ;Ldf/lxt cyf{t\ c;ª\Vo
g} x'G5 . k/dfTdf ;dli6sf] hf]8 xf] . xfdL o; k[YjLsf ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL / o:tf cgGt k[YjLx¿
hf]8\of}F eg] cgGt xft, d'v, k]6, g]q x'G5g\ . xfdL ;a} dg'io dfq xf]OgÙ hLjhGt', kz'kIfL klg
hf]8\ofF} eg] Tof] cgGtsf] j0f{g ug{ klg ;lsGg .
ch{'g oL ;a} ¿k b]v]/ lsd\st{Joljd"9 eP . To;}n] pgL km]l/ ;f]W5g\– olt ;a} b]Vbf klg
d xh'/sf] g t k|f/De, g dWo g cGt g} b]Vg ;S5' . k/dfTdfsf] Tof] lj/f6\ :j¿kdf pgL To;sf]
k|f/De, dWo / cGt b]Vb}gg\ . ch{'g eG5g\– d xh'/sf] ubfo'Qm, d's'6o'Qm / ;a}lt/af6 k|sfzsf]
t]hk'~h, k|Hjlnt clUg / ;"o{;b[z Hof]lto'Qm uxg / ck|d]o :j¿k ;a}lt/ b]V5' . d h] b]lv/x]sf]
5', Tof] ;tx h:tf] b]lvG5 t/ ;txsf k5fl8 cgGt ;tx / ulx/fO 5 h'g sxfF uP/ k"/f x'G5
Tof] dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . lj/f6\:j¿knfO{ ch{'g uxg / ck|d]o b]V5g\ / o;sf] j0f{g pgsf] a'l4n] ug{
;Sb}g . j0f{gaflx/sf] cyf{t\ j0f{g g} ug{ g;lsg], kQf nufpg g;lsg]nfO{ ck|d]o elgG5 .
ch{'gdf Tof] ;du| ljZj¿ksf] j0f{g ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf klg 5}g . To;}n] ch{'g Tof] :j¿k ck|d]o
b]V5g\ .
ch{'gn] b]v]sf] lj/f6\:j¿k ck|]do 5 h'g pgsf] a'l4n] sNkgf klg ug{ ;Sb}g . To;}n]
ch{'g eG5g\– of] ck|]do :j¿k rf/}lt/ b]V5' / x] s[i0f Û d]/f] a'l4 ctLt ePsf] 5 / ca d
lans'n z"Go ePsf] 5' . >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ cfˆgf] cgGt :j¿ksf] bz{g lbg'eof] . of] ch{'gs}
>4fk"0f{ ;dk{0fsf sf/0f ;Dej eof] . P]Zjo{¿k, ;'Gb/, cfe"if0fo'Qm z:qx¿ wf/0f u/]sf]
:j¿kaf6 ;'?jft u/]/ t]hk'~h h;sf cufl8 xhf/f+}“ ;"o{sf] t]h klg gu0o x'G5 Tof] t]hf]do
:j¿k k|bz{g ug{'eof] . tTf\kZrft\\ ch{'gn] pTklQ tyf d[To' / cgGt g]q, k]6, d'v, xftx¿ ePsf
lbJo ;k{x¿ / Clifx¿ s[i0fs} z/L/df l:yt ePsf] b]v] . h;sf] k|f/De dWo / cGt 5}g o:tf]
uxg / ck|d]o :j¿k >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ b]vfpg'eof] . h;n] Psflt/ ch{'g cfZro{rlst /
/f]dfl~rt 5g\ eg] csf{tkm{ pgsf] a'l4 ctLt ePsf] 5 / pgL k"/f z"Go cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ .
TjdIf/+ k/d+ j]lbtJo+–
Tjd:o ljZj:o k/+ lgwfgd\ .
TjdJooM zfZjtwd{uf]Ktf
;gftg:Tj+ k'?iff] dtf] d] ..!*..
ch{'g eG5g\– xh'/ g} hfGgof]Uo k/d cIf/ cyf{t\ k/a|Xd k/dfTdf x'g'x'G5≤ xh'/ g} o;
hut\sf k/d cf>o x'g'x'G5≤ xh'/ g} cgflb wd{sf /Ifs x'g'x'G5 / xh'/ g} cljgfzL ;gftg k'?if
x'g'x'G5 eGg] d]/f] dt 5 ..

nf]suLtf– 485
cWofo–!!
cgflbdWofGtdgGtjLo{–
dgGtafx'+ zlz;"o{g]qd\ .
kZofld Tjf+ bLKtx'tfzjSq+–
:jt]h;f ljZjldb+ tkGtd\ ..!(..
cflb, dWo / cGtn] /lxt, cgGt ;fdYo{n] o'Qm, cgGt xft ePsf, rG›–;"o{¿k g]q ePsf,
k|Hjlnt clUg¿k d'v ePsf xh'/n] cfggf] t]hn] o; hut\nfO{ ;GtKt u/]sf] b]Vb5' ..
Bfjfk[lyJof]l/bdGt/+ lx
JofKt+ Tjo}s]g lbzZr ;jf{M .
b[i6\jfb\e't+ ¿kd'u|+ tj]b+–
nf]sqo+ k|Jolyt+ dxfTdg\ ..@)..
x] dxfTdg\ Û of] :ju{ / k[YjLsf larsf] ;Dk"0f{ cfsfz tyf ;a} lbzfx¿ xh'/af6 g} kl/k"0f{
5g\ / xh'/sf] of] cnf}lss / eoª\s/ ¿knfO{ b]v]/ tLg} nf]s clt Jolyt eO/x]sf 5g\ ..
cdL lx Tjf+ ;'/;‹f ljzlGt
s]lr∫LtfM k|f~hnof] u[0flGt .
:j:tLTo'STjf dxlif{l;4;‹fM
:t'jlGt Tjf+ :t'ltleM k'isnfleM ..@!..
pg} b]jtfx¿sf ;d"x xh'/df k|j]z ub{5g\ / s]xL eoeLt eP/ xft hf]8]/ xh'/sf] gfd /
u'0fsf] pRrf/0f ub{5g\ . ptf dxlif{ / l;4x¿sf] ;d'bfo sNof0fsf] sfdgf ub}{ pQd pQd
:tf]qx¿åf/f xh'/sf] :t'lt ub{5g\ ..
?b|flbTof j;jf] o] r ;fWof–
ljZj]˜lZjgf} d?tZrf]idkfZr .
uGwj{oIff;'/l;4;‹f–
jLIfGt] Tjf+ ljl:dtfZr}j ;j]{ ..@@..
P3f/ ?› / afx| cflbTo tyf cf7 j;', ;fWou0f, ljZjb]j, clZjgLs'df/, d?b\u0f /
lkt[x¿sf] ;d'bfo tyf uGwj{, oIf, /fIf; / l;4x¿sf] ;d'bfo ;a} ljl:dt eP/ xh'/nfO{ x]l//x]sf
5g\ ..
ch'{g eGb5g\ x] eujg\ Û xh'/ g} hfGg of]Uo k/d cIf/ / k/d a|Xd k/dfTdf x'g'x'G5 .
xh'/ g} k/d cf>o, cgflb wd{sf /Ifs / cljgfzL ;gftg k'?if x'g'x'G5≤ o:tf] d]/f] dt 5 . o;
If0fdf ch{'g clt ljgd| 5g\, hfGg] JolQmx¿ ljgd| g} x'G5g\ . ljgd|tf hfGg] ;t{ / kl/0ffd klg
xf] . ch{'g ;a} k|ToIf b]lv/x]sf 5g\ / klg o:tf] d]/f] dt 5 eGb5g\ . pgn] d]/f] cg'ej 5 eGbf
cxª\sf/ b]lvg ;S5 eg]/ d]/f] dt 5 eg]sf x'g\ . cxª\sf/Ln] k|tLlt geP klg cfˆgf] egfOnfO{
;To agfpg] k|of; u5{ t/ cg'ej ePsf] JolQmn] o:tf] bfjf ub}{g . t;y{ ch{'g ;Tosf] cfu|x
ub}{gg\ . hfGg] k'?ifx¿ oL Clifn] o;f] eGf] h'g d}n] ;'g], o;df d]/f] o:tf] dt 5 eGb5g\ h'g
ljgd|tf xf] . ch{'gdf cxª\sf/ ;dfKt ePsf] efg x'G5 . hlt d /xFb}g ;To Tolt g} z'4 x'G5 .
dxfjL/nfO{ s;}n] cfTdf 5 eGg] k|Zg u¥of] eg] pxfF eGg'x'G5 cfTdf 5 eGg] sltko
JolQmx¿sf] dt 5 . s]xL JolQmx¿sf] cfTdf 5}g eGg] dt 5, To:t} s]xL JolQmx¿sf] cfTdf 5
jf 5}g s]xL eGg ;lsGg eGg] dt 5 . pgLx¿ ;a} l7s} eG5g\ . olb ;a} l7s xf] eg] jf:tljs
l7s s] xf] eGg] k|Zgdf pxfF eGg'x'G5– 7'nf] eGbf 7'nf] ;Todf klg clnslt c;To / 7'nf] eGbf
7'nf] c;Todf klg clnslt ;To x'G5 . ha ;Todf klg JolQmsf] cxª\sf/ k|j]z u5{, ta cxª\sf/
k|j]z u/]sf] hlt ;To c;To x'G5 . Tof] c;TonfO{ 5f]l8lbpmF . cfTdf 5}g eGg] JolQmsf] s'/fdf klg

nf]suLtf– 486
 cWofo–!!
clnslt ;To 5 lsgeg] ax';ª\Vos JolQmnfO{ xfdL z/L/ g} xf}F eGg] nfUb5 / cfTdfsf af/]df
s'g} hfgsf/L g} 5}g . To;}n] cfTdf 5}g eGg'df klg xfdLh:tf JolQmsf] cg'ejaf6 x'g] hlt c;To
l7s xf] . dxfjL/ eGg'x'G5– h] eGg' 5 To;nfO{ dtsf] ¿kdf eGg'k5{ lsgeg] ToxfF ljk/Lt dt
klg x'g ;S5 . oxL ;To xf] eg]/ cfu|x gug{" lsgeg] cfu|xn] ;TonfO{ sdhf]/ / cxª\sf/nfO{
alnof] agfpF5 .
wfld{s JolQm ljgd| x'G5 . To;}n] ;gftg wd{n] slxNo} wd{ kl/jt{g ug]{ u/fpg] ljrf/ g}
u/]g lsgeg] of] s[To t cwfld{s xf] . s;}nfO{ hah{:tL ;DemfP/ a'emfP/ kmsfP/ wfld{s agfpg
vf]Hg' cwfld{s dfq xf]Og Joj;fo klg xf] . c¿nfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ r]i6f /fhgLlt / Joj;fo xf] eg]
cfkm"nfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ r]i6f wd{ xf] . ch{'g eG5g\– xh'/ g} hfGgof]Uo cIf/ x'g'x'G5 . h;sf]
pkof]lutf x'G5, To;nfO{ hfGgof]Uo elgG5 . h:tf] lrlsT;flj1fg pkof]lutfsf] sf/0fn] hfGgof]Uo
5 . t/ hfGg' t Tof] xf] h;nfO{ hfg]kl5 c¿ s]xL hfGg z]if /xFb}g . hfGg z]if s]xL gePkl5 dfq
JolQm lh1f;fz"Go, tgfjd'Qm / zfGt x'G5 . t;y{ hfGgof]Uo ToxL Ps 5 h;nfO{ kfPkl5
kfpgof]Uo s]xL afFsL x'Fb}g≤ Tof] k/d ljGb' xf] . To;}n] ch{'g eG5g\– xh'/ g} hfGgof]Uo cIf/
k/da|Xd k/dfTdf x'g'x'G5 . xh'/ o; hut\sf k/d cf>oo'Qm, cgflb, wd{sf /Ifs Pjd\ xh'/ g}
cljgfzL ;gftg k'?if x'g'x'G5– o:tf] d]/f] dt 5 .
ch{'gn] klxn] k/dfTdfsf] P]Zjo{n] el/Psf], k|Llts/, ;'Gb/, df]xs, dgf]x/, dg nf]Eofpg] /
cfsif{s ¿k b]Vf] . tTf\kZrft\\ ;"o{ h:tf] k|sfz b]v] . To;kl5 k/dfTdfsf] h'g eoª\s/ clUgt'No
;a}nfO{ tKt ug{ ;Sg], d[To' h:t} ljs/fn ljgfzsf/L ¿k ch{'gn] b]v]/ pgL eG5g\– x] k/d]Zj/ Û
xh'/sf] cgGt ¿k b]Vb} 5' hf] k|Hjlnt clUg h:tf] 5 / x/]s d'vaf6 cfufsf] Hjfnf lgl:s/x]sf]
5 / of] clUgsf] tfkn] ;f/f hut\ hn]/ e:dLe"t x'g] h:tf] b]Vb} 5' . hLjg åGåsf] hf]8 xf] . oxfF
hGd–d[To', k|]d–3[0ff, ;'v–b'v, ;kmntf–c;kmntf / ljho–k/fho ;a} oxL åGås} hf]8 xf] . JolQm
;'v, ;kmntfh:tf k|Llts/ s'/f cFufNg rfxG5 / b'v, c;kmntf / ck|Llts/ s'/f 5f]8\g rfxG5
t/ oL b'j} hLjgsf ckl/xfo{ lx:;f x'g\ . o;df s'g} PsnfO{ arfpg' c;Dej s'/f xf] . ch{'gn]
k/dfTdfsf] P]Zjo{sf] cfef ePsf] ¿k klxn] b]v]sf lyP . t;y{ ca csf]{ eoª\s/, ljs/fn ¿k
klg b]Vg} k5{ lsgeg] JolQmsf] hGd / d[To' b'j} p;}af6 x'G5 . To:t} ;a} åGåx¿sf] pTklQ klg
p;}af6 x'G5 . ;f}Gbo{sf] k|tLs / s'¿ktfsf] k|tLs klg pm g} xf] . To;}n] ch{'gn] k/dfTdfsf] lj/f6\
ljs/fn :j¿k x]g}{ k5{ .
wd{sf] Psy/L b[li6sf]0fn] P]Zjo{ ¿knfO{ k|d'vtf lbPsf] 5 eg] csf]{ b[li6sf]0fn] p;sf]
eoª\s/ ¿knfO{ k|d'vtf lbFb} :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 . ox'bLx¿sf] wd{u|Gy …cf]N8 6]:6fd]G6Ú h;df
O{Zj/n] t8kfpF5, hnfpF5, s'6\5, lk6\5 clg si6 / kL8f lbP/ gs{df /flv/xG5 eGg] s'/fx¿
pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ . …cf]N8 6]:6d]G6Ú df gs{sf] wf/0ff cgGt;Dd /x]sf] 5 / O{Zj/nfO{ eoª\s/
ljs/fn ¿kdf lrlqt ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] lh;;sf] O{Zj/ k|]d xf] (God is love) eGg] s'/f
pgLx¿nfO{ l7s pN6f] nfUof] . lh;; O{Zj/ k|]d xf] eGg'x'G5 . …cf]N8 6]:6fd]G6Ú / …Go' 6]:6fd]G6Ú b'O{
ljk/Lt k':tsx¿ x'g\ t/ oL b'O{ ldn]/ g} afOansf] k"0f{ k':ts aG5 lsgeg] df]h]hn] b]v]sf]
eofjx ¿k …cf]N8 6]:6fd]G6Ú df 5 eg] lh;;n] b]v]sf] k|]d ¿k …Go' 6]:6fd]G6Ú df 5 . k/dfTdf k"0f{
x'gfsf nflu oL b'O{ ¿kx¿ ;dfj]z x'g}k5{ .
>Ls[i0fdf k/dfTdfsf b'j} ¿k k|s6 ePsf 5g\ . s[i0fdf O{Zj/sf b'j} ¿k Ps;fy l:yt
5g\ . To;}n] h;n] k"/f hLjgnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ ;S5 ToxL JolQmn] s[i0fnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ ;S5 .
k/dfTdfnfO{ hGd / d[To'sf b'j} ¿kdf :jLsfg{' g} k"/f hLjgnfO{ :jLsfg{' xf] . xfdL ;gftgLx¿n]

nf]suLtf– 487
cWofo–!!
k/dfTdfnfO{ tLg ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/]sf 5f}F . hxfF klg b'O{ x'G5 To;nfO{ hf]8\g] t];|f] rflxG5 h'g
dWodf of] b'j};Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . To;}n] ;gftgLx¿n] a|Xdf hGdsf], lzj d[To'sf] / lardf
kfngstf{ lji0f'sf] wf/0ff /fv]sf x'g\ . TfL tLg} ¿kleq Ps} ¿k / Ps} zlQm 5 . ToxfF lj/f6\
pmhf{n] Psftkm{af6 agfpF5 csf{tkm{af6 d]6fpF5 / dWodf kfngstf{sf] ¿kdf ;XDffN5 . ca
cfP/ k/dfTdfsf] lj/f6\ ¿kdf ch{'gnfO{ d[To'sf] ¿k b]vf kg{ yfn]sf] 5 . clUg¿ksf] d'vd08nn]
o; hut\nfO{ tKt u/]sf] pgL b]Vb} 5g\ / eG5g\– x] dxfTdg\ Û of] :ju{ / k[YjLsf larsf] ;Dk"0f{
cfsfz tyf lbzfx¿ xh'/af6 g} kl/k"0f{ 5g\ tyf xh'/sf] of] cnf}lss / eoª\s/ ¿knfO{ b]v]/
tLg} nf]s clt Jolyt eO/x]sf 5g\ .
ch{'g eujfg\sf] of] ljs/fn ¿kn] ubf{ ;f/f nf]s Jolyt ePsf] b]Vb} 5g\ . d[To' xfd|f] uxg
b'v xf] eg] c¿ b'v d[To'sf 5fofF dfq x'g\ . xfdL oxL b'vaf6 Jolyt / eoeLt x'G5f}F . ch{'gn]
Tof] lj/f6\ :j¿kdf JolQmx¿ d[To'sf] d'vdf uO/x]sf] b]v]sf 5g\ . xfdL klg x/]s If0f d[To's}
d'vdf uO/x]sf 5f+}“ . ch{'gn] eujfg\sf] ljs/fn clUg¿ksf] d'vlt/ JolQmx¿ bf}l8/x]sf] / x/]s
JolQm eon] sfFlk/x]sf b]v]sf 5g\ . ;a}sf] d[To' t lglZrt 5 s]jn Tof] ;do slxn] cfpF5 eGg]
s'/f s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g . ch{'gn] ;a} JolQmx¿ d[To'sf] nfOgdf plePsf] / d[To'sf] nk6 rf/}lt/
km}lnPsf] b]Vf] . To;}n] pgL eGb} 5g\– xh'/sf] cnf}lss / eoª\s/ ¿k b]v]/ tLg} nf]s sfFlk/x]sf] 5 .
ch{'g Tof] lj/f6\ ¿knfO{ cnf}lss / eoª\s/ b'j} elg/x]sf 5g\ . Pp6} s'/f cnf}lss / eoª\s/
x'g ;S5 . xfdLn] Pp6f ?vdf Wofgk"j{s x]¥of}+“ eg] ToxfF ;'s]sf k'/fgf kftx¿nfO{ gofF cfpg]
kftx¿n] wSsf lbP/ emfl//x]sf x'G5g\ lsgeg] gofF cfpg] kftn] cfˆgf] :yfg agfpg rfxG5g\ .
ha j[If k'/fgf ;a} kft em/]/ vfnL x'G5, ta j[If gofF kftx¿åf/f ;lhg] tof/Ldf x'G5 . Psflt/
ktem8 jg:kltsf] ljs/fn ¿k xf] eg] csf{tkm{ ktem8 j;Gtsf] cfudgsf] ;"rs klg xf] .
To:t} d[To' ljs/fn b'v xf] t/ d[To' hGdsf] ;"rgf klg xf] . Pp6f aRrf ue{df cfpg]
tof/Ldf x'G5 ta Pp6f a'9f] JolQm d[To'sf] d'vdf k'u]sf] x'G5 . aRrf hGdg' cl3 Tof] a'9f] JolQm
d[To'df k|j]z u/]/ 7fpF vfnL u5{ . of] qmd w]/} k/ / ulx/fOdf x'g] x'Fbf xfdL o;nfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}gf}+ .
ch{'gn] Tof] hGd / d[To'sf] l;nl;nfdf hGd / d[To' b'j} Ps} :yfgaf6 eO/x]sf] klg b]Vb5g\ .
To;}n] ch{'g cnf}lss / eoª\s/ ¿k eG5g\ . hLjgsf] k|f/De / cGt Ps};fy o'uky ¿kdf au]sf]
b]Vg' ch{'gsf nflu cnf}lss 36gf xf] . xfdL t aRrfnfO{ aRrf / a'9fnfO{ a'9f] b]V5f} b'j}nfO{
hf]8]/ x]b}{gf}F t/ b[li6 dfly p7fPdf oL b'j} hf]l8Psf] kfpF5f} .
xfdL åGånfO{ ljk/Lt 7fG5f+}“ t/ ch{'g åGå cnu xf]Og Pp6}sf] hf]8 ePsf] b]lv/x]sf 5g\ .
To;}n] pgnfO{ of] cnf}lss nfU5 . xfdLnfO{ cl:tTjsf] lgodsf] hfgsf/L gx'gfn] d[To'nfO{ /f]Sg /
hLjg rnfpg rfxG5f“+} . h'g lbg hGd x'G5 ToxL lbg d[To' klg ;Fu} ;'? x'G5 / hGde/ d[To'
;Fu;Fu} g} rNb5 . hGd olb d[To'lt/ klxnf] sbd xf] eg] d[To' km]l/ hGdlt/sf] klxnf] sbd xf] .
hxfF d[To' 36\5 tTIf0f d[To';Fu hf]l8Psf] hGdsf] 36gf 36\5 . o; hut\df s]xL klg ;dfKt xF'b}g,
h] 5 Tof] ;w}+“ /xG5 / xfdL To;df s]xL hf]8\g / 36fpg ;Sb}gf+}“ . To;}n] JolQm d/]/ klg ;dfKt
x'Fb}g To;eGbf k/ csf]{ kl/k]|Ifdf / cfofddf k|j]z u5{ hf] xfdL b]Vg ;Sb}gf+}“ . ha ch{'gn] hGd /
d[To' b'O{ ljk/Lt åGåx¿ Pp6}sf ¿k b]v], ta pgnfO{ of] cnf}lss nfUof] . cnf}lsssf ;fy}
ch{'gnfO{ of] eoª\s/ klg nfUof] . pgn] ;f/f hut\ o;df km;]sf] b]Vf]sfn] eGf]– x] uf]ljGb Û Tof]
b]jtfx¿sf] ;d"x xh'/df g} k|j]z ub}{ 5g\ / sltko b]jtfx¿ eoeLt eP/ xh'/sf] gfd / u'0fsf]
:t'lt klg ub}{ 5g\ .

nf]suLtf– 488
 cWofo–!!
dg;ljb\ / ;dfhzf:qLx¿ wd{sf] hGd eoaf6 ePsf] dfGb5g\ . dg'iox¿ k|s[ltsf] zlQm /
lj8Dagf;Fu eoeLt 5g\ / k|s[ltnfO{ v';L kfg{ k|fy{gf ub{5g\ eGg] pgLx¿sf] wf/0ff 5 . k|s[ltsf]
eo h:t} af9L, Hjfnfd'vL, klx/f] of e"sDksf] eo klg d[To'sf] g} eo xf] . t/ JolQmleq ;dfKt
gx'g] s'/f klg x'G5 hf] s'g} zlQmn] klg ;dfKt kfg{ ;Sb}g . d[To'kZrft\\ klg ;dfKt gx'g] s'/f
cfTdf xf] . o;sf] vf]h klg wd{sf] sf/0f x'g ;S5 . ha JolQmn] leq s]xL 5 h'g d[To'n] d]l6Fb}g
eGg] yfxf kfpF5, ta p;nfO{ cfTdfsf] vf]h x'g nfUof] eGg] klg yfxf x'G5 . cfTdf dfGg] xf]Og of]
cg'ejaf6 hfGg] s'/f xf] . cfTdf d[To'sf] ljk/Lt vf]h xf] . ch{'g b]jtfx¿ klg eon] sfFk]/ b'O{
xft hf]8L k/dfTdfsf] gfd pRr/0f u/]sf] b]Vb} 5g\ . dg'io h:t} b]jtfx¿ klg d]l6gaf6 eoeLt
5g\ lsgeg] pgLx¿df klg z'4 jf;gf x'G5 / hxfF jf;gf x'G5 ToxfF z'4 cxª\sf/ klg x'G5 /
hxfF cxª\sf/ x'G5 ToxfF d]l6g] eo klg x'G5 .
z'4 / ;'Gb/ r]tgfsf] gfd b]jtf xf] t/ pgLx¿ klg jf;gfeGbf aflx/ xF'b}gg\ . b]jtf
dg'ioeGbf z'4td l:yltdf x'gfn] ;gftgLx¿n] b]jtfnfO{ dg'ioeGbf dfly /fv]sf 5g\ . t/ b]jtf
klg dg'io eP/ dfq d'Qm x'g ;S5g\ . dg'io rf/ bf]af6f] xf] hxfFaf6 tn em/]df pm kz' x'G5 /
dfly p7]df b]jtf x'g ;S5 . olb ;d:t hLjgsf] kf/ hfg' 5 eg] dg'io g} eP/ ofqf ug{'k5{ .
g}lts z'4 JolQm k"0f{ ¿kdf ;kmn ePdf pm b]jtf x'G5 . b]jtf;Fu OlG›ox¿ gx'g] x'Fbf OlG›osf
sf/0f kg]{ afwf pgLx¿nfO{ kb}{g t/ b]jtfdf z'4 jf;gf eg] x'G5 / Tof] OR5f hfUg]lalQs} k"/f
x'G5 . hxfF z'4 jf;gf x'G5, ToxfF z'4 cxª\sf/ x'G5 / hxfF z'4 cxª\sf/ x'G5, ToxfF ;dfKt x'g]
8/ klg x'G5 . lxGb" k'/f0fx¿df OG›hlQsf] eoeLt JolQm sf]xL 5}g . pgsf] eosf] sf/0f pgL z'4
jf;gfsf lzv/df 5g\ . Tof] lzv/df Ps rf]l6df Ps hgf dfq x'g ;S5 . t;y{ OG›nfO{ ha s'g}
JolQm Tof] lzv/df k'Ug] 8/ x'G5, ta pgL cflQP/ p;nfO{ v;fNg] r]i6f ug{ yfN5g\ . hf] JolQm
lzv/df x'G5 pm Tolt g} w]/} eoeLt x'G5 . of] JolQmsf] dfgl;s cj:yf xf] .
ch{'g s[i0fnfO{ eGb5g\– b]jtfx¿sf ;fy} dxlif{ l;4x¿sf] ;d'bfo klg eoeLt eP/
…sNof0f xf];\Ú egL pQd pQd zAbx¿n] xh'/sf] k|z+;f ub}{ 5g\ . h;n] l;l4 kfPsf] 5, hf]
rdTsf/ ug{ ;S5, h;;Fu 1fgsf] e08f/ 5 pgLx¿ l;4 x'g\ . o:tf l;l4 k|fKt u/]sf l;4
;d'bfo klg eoeLt 5g\ / dxlif{x¿ h;;Fu 1fgsf] kf/fjf/ 5 pgLx¿ klg eon] sfk]sf /
slDkt eP/ …sNof0f sNof0fÚ eGb} xft hf]8]/ k|fy{gf u/]sf] ch{'g b]lv/x]sf 5g\ . ha;Dd
JolQmleq z"Go / zfGt r}tGo x'Fb}g, ta;Dd p;df d]l6g] eo z]if /xG5 . ha s'g} JolQm z"Go
x'G5, ta dfq p;nfO{ d[To'sf] eo x'Fb}g . r}tGoo'Qm gx'g] b]jtf, Clif, dxlif{ ;a} >Ls[i0f;Fu
eoeLt g} x'G5g\ . ch{'g eG5g\– x] k/d]Zj/ Û Psfbz ?›, åfbz cflbTo, cf7 j;', ;fWou0f,
ljZjb]j, clZjgLs'df/, d?b\u0f, lkt[x¿sf] ;d'bfo Pjd\ uGwj{–oIf–/fIf; / l;4 u0fsf
;d'bfox¿ ;a} ljl:dt eP/ xh'/nfO{ x]b}{ 5g\ . pgLx¿ s;}n] of] s] eO/x]sf] xf] eGg] a'lem/x]sf
5}gg\ . hxfF åGå x/fpF5 ToxfF hfGg] Ifdtf klg x/fpF5 To;kl5 t JolQmdf lj:do dfq afFsL
/xG5 .
ha;Dd hLjg;Fu df]x x'G5, ta;Dd d[To';Fu eo x'G5 . olb hLjgsf] df]x 5'6\of] eg]
d[To'sf] eo klg tTIf0f 5'6\5 / JolQm kf/ x'G5 . ch{'g o:t} cj:yfdf 5g\ . pgLleq h'g ;+;f/
lyof] Tof] klg ca x/fO;s]sf] 5 . ca pgL r'gfj/lxt ePsf 5g\ / b'j} åGåsf cj:yfaf6 kf/
ePsf 5g\ . ch{'g s[i0fsf cufl8 eQm eP/ ;dk{0f efjn] plePsf 5g\ . ch{'g s[i0fsf] k|]ddf
>4fn] cfk"l/t ePsf 5g\ . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ lbJorIf' k|bfg u/]/ cfˆgf] cnf}lss,
P]Zjo{do, k|sfzdo, eoª\s/ ljs/fn ;a} :j¿kx¿ ePsf] lj/f6\ :j¿ksf] bz{g lbg'ePsf] xf] .

nf]suLtf– 489
cWofo–!!
¿k+ dxQ] jx'jSqg]q+–
dxfafxf] ax'afx"¿kfbd\ .
ax"b/+ ax'b+i6«fs/fn+–
b[i6\jf nf]sfM k|Jolytf:tyfxd\ ..@#..
x] dxfafx' Û xh'/sf] w]/} d'v / g]q ePsf], w]/} xft, hfF3 / v'§f ePsf], w]/} k]6x¿ ePsf] /
w]/} g} bfx|fx¿ ePsf] bfl9Psf] cToGt ljs/fn dxfg\ ¿knfO{ b]v]/ nf]s Jofs'n eO/x]sf] 5 / d
klg Jolyt eO/x]sf] 5' ..
geM:k[z+ bLKtdg]sj0f{+–
JofQfgg+ bLKtljzfng]qd\ .
b[i6\jf lx Tjf+ k|JolytfGt/fTdf
w[lt+ g ljGbfld zd+ r lji0ff] ..@$..
x] lji0f' Û cfsfznfO{ :kz{ ug]{jfnf, b]bLKodfg, cg]s j0f{n] o'Qm tyf km}lnPsf] d'v /
k|sfzdfg ljzfn g]qn] o'Qm xh'/nfO{ b]v]/ cGt:s/0f eoeLt ePsf] d}n] w}o{ / zflGt kfO/x]sf]
5}g ..
b+i6«fs/fnflg r t] d'vflg
b[i6\j}j sfnfgn;lGgeflg .
lbzf] g hfg] g ne] r zd{
k|;Lb b]j]z hulGgjf; ..@%..
eofgs bfx|fsf sf/0f ljs/fn / k|nosfnsf] clUg h:t} k|Hjlnt xh'/sf] d'vnfO{ b]v]/ …dÚ
lbzfx¿nfO{ hflGbgF / ;'v klg kfplbgF . o;}n] x] b]j]z Û x] hulGgjf; Û xh'/ k|;Gg x'g'xf];\ ..
cdL r Tjf+ w[t/fi6«:o k'qfM
;j]{ ;x}jfjlgkfn;‹}M .
eLidf] b|f]0fM ;'tk'q:tyf;f}
;xf:dbLo}/lk of]wd'Vo}M ..@^..
jSqfl0f t] Tj/df0ff ljzlGt
b+i6«fs/fnflg eofgsflg .
s]lrlånUgf bzgfGt/]if'
;Gb[ZoGt] r"l0f{t}?QdfË}M ..@&..
;a} w[t/fi6«sf k'q /fhfx¿sf] ;d'bfo;lxt xh'/df k|j]z ub}{ 5g\ / eLidlktfdx, ›f]0ffrfo{
tyf s0f{ / xfd|f] kIfsf klg k|wfg of]4fx¿;lxt ;a} xh'/sf] 8/nfUbf bfx|fsf ljs/fn eofgs
d'vaf6 7'nf] j]un] bf}8]/ k|j]z ub}{ 5g\ / s}of}F r"0f{ / lz/;lxt xh'/sf] bfFtsf] lardf nfu]sf] b]lvFb}
5 ..
oyf gbLgf+ axjf]˜Da'j]ufM
;d'b|d]jfled'vf b|jlGt .
tyf tjfdL g/nf]sjL/f–
ljzlGt jSqf0oleljHjnlGt ..@*..
h;/L gbLx¿sf] hnsf] k|jfx :jfefljs ¿kd} ;d'›lt/ bf}l8G5 cyf{t\ ;d'›df k|j]z u5{,
To:t} of] g/nf]ssf jL/x¿ klg xh'/sf] k|Hjlnt d'vdf k|j]z ub}{ 5g\ ..
ch{'gn] eg]– x] dxfafx' Û w]/} d'v–g]q ePsf], w]/} xft, v'§f tyf hfF3 ePsf], w]/} pb/ /
8/nfUbf bfx|f ePsf] xh'/sf] ljs/fn ¿knfO{ b]v]/ ;a}hgf Jofs'n eO/x]sf 5g\ / d klg Jofs'n

nf]suLtf– 490
 cWofo–!!
eO/x]sf] 5' . ch{'gn] k/dfTdf g} d[To'sf] d'v ag]sf] ljs/fn ¿k b]v]/ cfkm" / ;f/f nf]s Jofs'n
ePsf] cg'e"lt JoQm ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgsf] Åbo / k"/f z/L/ g} 8/n] sfFlk/x]sf] 5 . xfdLn]
k/dfTdfsf] ljs/fn ¿k ;f]Rg} ;Sb}gf}+“ . To;}n] ha ch{'gn] k"/f k/dfTdfsf] ¿k cyf{t\ b'j} ¿k
ePsf] :j¿k b]v] ta pgdf Jofs'ntf k}bf x'g' :jfefljs} xf] . of] Jofs'ntf k/dfTdfsf] ¿ksf]
sf/0fn] eGbf klg k/dfTdfsf] Ps ¿k;Fu pgsf] tfbfTDosf sf/0fn] k}bf ePsf] xf] . xfdLn] s]jn
k/dfTdfsf] ;'Gb/ / dgdf]xs ¿ksf] k|ltdf agfPsf 5f}+“ . /fIf;sf] 6fpsf] sf6]/ xftdf lnPsf],
Ps xftdf /utn] el/Psf] t/jf/ ePsf], 3fF6Ldf d'08dfnf, v'§fn] lzjnfO{ s'lNrP/ /ut r'lx/x]sf]
lha|f] lgsfn]sf] sfnLsf] k|ltdf b]Vbf lglZrt ¿kdf eosf sf/0fn] xfdL gd:sf/ t u5f}{+ t/ of]
k/dfTdfsf] ¿k xf] eg]/ dgdf efj p7\g ufx|f] x'G5 . syf ;'g]/ xfdL dfGb5f}+“ t/ xfd|f] dg eg]
Jofs'n x'G5 . sfnLsf] ljs/fn ¿kdf cfdfsf] / zq'gfzssf b'j} ¿knfO{ Ps};fy k|bz{g ug]{
k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} o; ¿kdf åGånfO{ Ps;fy b]vfpg] k|of; klg ul/Psf] 5 .
xfdLnfO{ d[To'sf] eo 5 / o;af6 xfdL aRg rfxG5fF} . xfdLnfO{ cfTdfsf af/]df s]xL yfxf
5}g t/ cfTdf 5 eg]/ ;'Gbf dfGg dg nfU5 lsgeg] cfTdfnfO{ dfGbf xfdL d[To'af6 aRg ;S5f}+
eGg] nfUb5 . h;n] d[To' / hLjgnfO{ Ps ¿kdf cg'ej u5{ ToxL JolQm d[To'af6 eoeLt x'Fb}g .
hLjg / d[To'nfO{ xfdL cfˆgf] df]xsf sf/0f cnu u5f}{+ . od/fh h;nfO{ xfdL d[To'sf] b]jtfsf]
¿kdf dfGb5f}+ Tof] klg k/dfTdfs} ¿k xf] t/ xfdL cfˆgf] sNkgfdf k/dfTdfsf] dgdf]xs ¿k dfq
agfpF5f}+ . To:t} ch{'g klg crfgs k/dfTdfsf] of] eoª\s/ ¿k b]v]/ Jofs'n ePsf 5g\ lsgeg]
eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf] of] ljs/fn ¿ksf] sNkgf pgn] slxNo} klg u/]sf lyPgg\ . ch{'g eujfg\sf]
o:tf] ¿k b]Vbf cflQP/ ;Dk"0f{ nf]s g} Jofs'n ePsf] eGb5g\ .
x] lji0f' Û cfsfznfO{ :kz{ u/]sf] b]bLKodfg cg]s ¿kx¿df km}lnPsf] d'v / k|sfzdo
g]qdf xh'/nfO{ b]v]/ eoeLt cGt:s/0f ePsf] d ch{'g w}o{ / zflGt k|fKt ug{ c;dy{ 5' eGb5g\ .
ch{'g oxfF k/dfTdfsf sf/0fn] xf]Og, cfˆgf] cGt:s/0fsf sf/0fn] eoeLt ePsf] eGb} 5g\ . xfdL
;a};Fu eok"0f{ cGt:s/0f 5 . xfdL rf]/L ug{, lx+;f ug{ leqaf6 8/fpF5f“} . xfdLnfO{ of] kfk xf]
eg]/ leqsf] s'g} cfjfhn] elg/xG5 . oxL leqsf] cfjfh cGt:s/0f xf] t/ of] xfd|f] cGt:s/0f
;dfhn] lbPsf] xf] jf:tljs xf]Og lsgeg] jf:tljs cGt:s/0faf6 eo cfpFb}g . dflg; hGd]b]lv
g} kz't'No gxf];\ eg]/ ;dfhn] p;nfO{ cGt:s/0f k|bfg ug]{ sfd u5{ . ;dfhn] g} l7s a]l7ssf]
kl/ro u/fpF5 . ;dfhn] l7s u/]df k'/:sf/ / a]l7s ubf{ b08 kfOG5 eg]/ afnsdf nf]e / eon]
el/Psf] cGt:s/0f k|bfg u5{ . lxGb", O;fO{, d';ndfg cflb k|To]s ;dfhsf cGt:s/0f cnu cnu
x'G5g\ . of] ;a} ;dfhsf] sf/0fn] kfPsf] cGt:s/0f xf], jf:tljs cGt:s/0f t 1fgn] el/Psf] x'G5 .
ch{'gsf] cGt:s/0fn] k/dfTdfnfO{ ;f}Do, zfGt, P]Zj{ojfg\ / dgdf]xs ¿kdf hfg]sf] 5 /
d[To' klg k/dfTdf xf] eGg] p;n] ;f]r]sf] klg 5}g . To;}n] p;sf] cGt:s/0fdf a;]sf] k/dfTdfsf]
k|ltdf vl08t eO/x]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ ch{'g eoeLt / Jolyt eO/x]sf 5g\ / d]/f] cGt:s/0fsf
sf/0f d eoeLt eO/x]sf] 5' elg/x]sf 5g\ . ch{'g eG5g\– x] eujg\ Û xh'/sf] ljs/fn
k|nosfnsf] clUg;dfg k|Hjlnt d'vd08nnfO{ b]v]/ d lbUe|ldt ePsf] 5' / dnfO{ ;'v klg k|fKt
xF'b}g . ch{'gnfO{ eujfg\sf] Tof] ljs/fn ¿kn] e|flGt eof] / pgL s'g} dfu{, lbzf s]xL klg ;Demg
;lSbgF eG5g\ . of] eoª\s/ :j¿ksf] bz{gaf6 pgn] ;'v klg k|fKt ug{ ;s]gg\ . To;}n] pgL
eGb5g\– xh'/ k/dfTdf eujfg\ x'g'x'G5 t/ of] xh'/sf] ¿knfO{ b]v]/ d ;'vL x'g ;lSbgF . To;}n] x]
b]j]z Û x] hut\ lgjf; Û xh'/ k|;Gg x'g'xf];\ egL ch{'g clt ljgd|tfk"j{s k/dfTdfnfO{ cfkm";Fu
k|;Gg eP/ Tof] eofgs :j¿k ;dfKt u/]/ dgf]x/ / k|Llts/ ¿kdf lkmtf{ x'g k|fy{gf ub}{ 5g\ .

nf]suLtf– 491
cWofo–!!
dg'iosf] dgn] k/dfTdfsf] ¿kh:tf] 5 To:t} k"0f{ ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug{ rfxFb}g . ha;Dd xfd|f] s'g}
wf/0ff x'G5, ta;Dd xfdL k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;Sb}gf}+“ . xfdLnfO{ k/dfTdf hfGg' 5 eg] xfd|f
wf/0ffx¿af6 d'Qm eP/ k/dfTdf h:tf] 5 To:t} :jLsf/ ug{ tof/ x'g'k5{ . o;f] u/]df dfq
k/dfTdfsf] ljs/fn / k|Llts/ b'j} ¿k x/fpF5 / a|Xdsf] cg'ej x'G5 .
ha;Dd ¿k /xG5 ta;Dd O{Zj/sf] cg'ej x'G5 / ha ¿k x/fpF5, ta a|Xdsf] cg'ej
x'G5 . ch{'gsf cufl8 :jod\ a|Xd x'g'x'G5 t/ ch{'g cem} klg k/dfTdfsf] eoª\s/ ¿k x6fP/
cfˆgf] ;'vb cg'e"ltsf nflu k|Llts/ ¿ksf] dfu ul//x]sf 5g\ . clxn] klg ch{'gsf] s]G›df pgL
cfkm} 5g\ / cfkm"nfO{ ;'v k|fKt x'g] ¿ksf] dfu ub}{ 5g\ . ch{'gsf] cfk"m cfglGbt x'g] ¿ksf] rfxgf
pgsf] cflv/L /fu xf] h'g O{Zj/sf] ;Ldf kf/ gu?Gh]n /lx/xg] 5 . O{Zj/ klg dfofsf] clGtd
lx:;f xf] . To;}n] O{Zj/sf] cg'ejnfO{ clGtd cg'ej gdfGg' eg]/ cflb z+sf/frfo{n] eGg'ePsf] 5 .
xfdLx¿nfO{ klg O{Zj/ g} clGtd s'/f xf] h:tf] nfU5 . To;}n] pxfFsf] of] egfO a'‰g sl7g ePsf]
5 . t/ ;gftgL dgLifLx¿sf nflu O{Zj/ klg clGtd xf]Og . clGtd t Tof] l:ylt xf] hxfF ;f/f
e]b afFsL /xFb}g . hxfF cfgGb, b'v, d[To' / hLjg s]xL z]if /xFb}g . Tof] z"Go of k"0f{sf] l:ylt
clGtd xf] eg]/ 1fgLx¿ eGb5g\ .
ch{'g eG5g\– x] hut\ lgjf; Û d b]Vb} 5' eLidlktfdx, ›f]0ffrfo{ tyf s0f{, /fhfsf
;d'bfox¿, w[t/fi6«sf k'qx¿ tyf xfd|f kIfsf klg k|wfg of]4fx¿;lxt ;a} xh'/sf] ljs/fn bfx|f
ePsf] d'vdf j]uk"j{s k|j]z ub}{ 5g\ / sltko r"0f{ eP/ xh'/sf] bfFtsf lardf c8\s]sf b]lvG5g\ .
x] ljZjd"lt{ Û h;/L gbLx¿sf] hnsf] k|efj ;d'›sf ;Dd'v bf}l8G5g\ / ;d'›df k|j]z u5{g\ To;/L
g} tL z"/jL/ dg'iosf] ;d'bfo klg xh'/sf] k|Hjlnt ePsf] d'vdf k|j]z ub}{ 5g\ . xh'/ k|;Gg
xf]OalS;of];\ eg]/ ch{'g laGtL ub}{ 5g\ . sltko z"/jL/x¿ r"0f{ eP/ lz/;lxt lj/f6\ :j¿ksf]
bfFtdf c8\s]sf] / ›f]0ffrfo{, s0f{, eLidlktfdx / cfˆgftkm{sf klg k|wfg of]4fx¿ Tof] ljs/fn
Pjd\ k|Hjlnt d'vlt/ gbL ;fu/tkm{ bf}l8Psf] h:tf] jfo'sf] j]udf k|j]z ul//x]sf] b]Vb5g\, h'g
pgsf] sNkgf aflx/sf] s'/f xf] .
dg'io hLjge/ s]xL kfpg] bf}8df x'G5 . Tof] bf}8sf] cGt d[To' xf] . xfdL ;a} d[To's} d'vdf
bf}l8/x]sf 5f“} . ch{'gnfO{ klg of] hLjgsf] k"/f wf/f d[To'lt/ bf}l8/x]sf] :ki6 af]w eO/x]sf] 5 .
pgnfO{ Tof] d[To' k/dfTdfsf] d'vdf 3l6t ePsf] geP/ cGt} 3l6t ePsf] b]v]sf] eP olt eoeLt
x'g] lyPgg\ lsgeg] k/dfTdf t cfˆgf] ;xf/f 5 eGg] cfzf /xg] lyof] t/ oxfF t k/dfTdfs} d'vdf
g} of] ;a} b[Zo b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}n] csf]{ ;xf/f sf] x'g ;S5 eGg] qf;n] klg pgL eoeLt ePsf
5g\ . hLjg / d[To' b'j} k/d]Zj/df 3l6t x'G5g\ . pm g} cfdf / pm g} od/fh klg xf] . ;a}
p;}af6 lgl:sG5 / p;}df ljnLg x'G5 . ;fu/ gbLx¿sf] hGd / d[To' b'j} xf] . ;fu/af6 gbLx¿
hlGdG5g\ / gbL ;fu/d} uP/ ljnLg klg x'G5 . k/dfTdf ;[li6 / k|no b'j} xf] . oxL k/dfTdfsf]
k"0f{ ¿k b]v]/ ch{'g eoeLt ePsf x'g\ / ch{'g k|e'nfO{ o:tf] ¿k gb]vfpg / lkmtf{ lng cfu|x
ub{5g\ .
ch{'g Psflt/ x] lji0f' Û x] b]j Û eg]/ lbJo :j¿knfO{ k/dfTdfsf] ¿k eg]/ dflg/x]sf 5g\
eg] csf{tkm{ pgsf] dg of] eofjx ¿k dfGg tof/ klg 5}g . To;}n] ch{'g of] ¿k x6fP/ cfkm";Fu
k|;Gg x'g laGtL ub}{ 5g\ lsgeg] of] ¿kn] pgL ;'v kfO/x]sf 5}gg\ . h'g lbg xfdL k/dfTdfnfO{
z'e / cz'e b'j} ¿kdf b]Vg ;S5f}+ To;} lbg xfdL åGåaf6 kf/ x'G5f}F . ch{'g åGåaf6 kf/ x'g]
lsgf/df 5g\ . ch{'gnfO{ ca b'j} k/dfTdfs} ¿k x'g\ eGg] yfxf ePsf] 5 . oL b'j} ¿knfO{ pgn]
:jLsf/ u/]sf] eP tTIf0f g} pgL åGåaf6 kf/ x'g ;Sy] . t/ ch{'g k/dfTdfnfO{ eoª\s/ ¿k

nf]suLtf– 492
 cWofo–!!
x6fP/ k|Llts/ ¿kdf lkmtf{ x'g laGtL ub}{ 5g\ . ch{'g cem} k"0f{ k/dfTdfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ /fhL x'g
g;s]sfn] ghfgL–ga'emL pgL åGåaf6 kf/ x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf 5g\ .
clxn] o'4 ;''? ePs} 5}g / ;a} hLljt g} 5g\ t/ ch{'gn] eLidlktfdx nufot w]/}nfO{
>Ls[i0fsf] clUg k|Hjlnt d'vdf k|j]z u/]sf] b]lv;s] . ch{'gn] eljiodf 36\g] 36gf / ;a}sf]
lgolt klg b]lv;s] . >Ls[i0f pgnfO{ oxL eGg rfxg'x'G5– h] x'g' 5 Tof] lglZrt ¿kdf x'G5 .
To;}n] ltdL d df¿F / gdf¿F eGg] lrGtf 5f]8 lsgeg] of] lrGtf csf/0f / c;ª\ut 5 . ltdL o;
gf6ssf] /rlotf xf]Ogf} s]jn Ps kfq dfq xf} . h] x'g'k5{, Tof] lgoltn] lgwf{/0f ul/;s]sf] 5 /
Tof] eP/} 5f]8\5 . ltdL s]jn of] lj/f6\sf] v]ndf cfˆgf] kfqtf dfq lgjf{x u/ . h] x'g' 5 Tof] ltd|f]
xftdf 5}g / Tof] ltdL eP klg / geP klg 36]/} 5f]8\5 . To;}n] ltdL Joy{ lrlGtt gxf]pm .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL of] lgoltsf] lgwf{l/t v]nsf] lardf k/]/ ;|i6f aGg gvf]h lsgeg] ltdL t
s]jn lgldQ dfq xf} . of] hut\ ;a} k/dfTdfsf] nLnf xf], pm ;j{q JofKt 5 / p;sf] l;jfo sf]xL
5}g . otf klg pxL 5 / ptf klg pxL 5 / xf/ / lht b'j} p;}sf] xf] . pm cfkm"nfO{ g} n'sfpFb} 5
/ cfkm"nfO{ g} vf]Hg klg nufpFb} 5 . xfdLnfO{ p;sf] k|of]hg a'‰g sl7g x'G5 . lhGbuLnfO{ sfd
;lDemP hLjg af]em x'G5 / v]n ;lDemP af]em/lxt x'G5 . wfld{s JolQmsf nflu lhGbuL v]n xf] .
wfld{s JolQmn] /fd|f–] g/fd|f]sf] r'gfj gu/L ;j{:jLsfo{ efj /fVb5 . To;}n] h'g JolQmn] cfˆgf]
hLjgdf nIo 5f]8]/ jt{dfgdf v]n ;Dem]/ hLjg lgjf{x u5{ To:tf] JolQmn] tTIf0f k/dfTdfsf]
cg'ej ug{ ;S5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ stf{kg 5f]8]/ sd{ ug{ ;DemfpFb} x'g'x'G5 .
oyf k|bLKt+ Hjng+ ktËf
ljzlGt gfzfo ;d[4j]ufM .
ty}j gfzfo ljzlGt nf]sf–
:tjflk jSqfl0f ;d[4j]ufM ..@(..
h;/L ls/fx¿ df]xjz k|Hjlnt clUgdf clt j]un] bf}l8P/ k|j]z ub{5g\ / gi6 x'G5g\ To:t}
dfG5]x¿ klg cfˆgf] ljgfzsf nflu clt j]un] bf}l8P/ xh'/sf] d'vdf k|j]z ub}{ 5g\ ..
n]lnXo;] u|;dfgM ;dGtf–
Nnf]sfG;du|fGjbg}Hj{nl∫M .
t]hf]le/fk"o{ huT;du|+–
ef;:tjf]u|fM k|tklGt lji0ff] ..#)..
xh'/ Tof] k|Hjlnt d'vx¿åf/f ;Dk"0f{ nf]snfO{ uf; xfNb} ;a}lt/af6 af/Daf/ rfl6/xg' ePsf]
5 . x] lji0f' Û xh'/sf] pu| k|sfzn] ;Dk"0f{ hut\nfO{ t]hn] kl/k"0f{ u/]/ tKt t'NofO/x]sf] 5 ..
cfVoflx d] sf] ejfg'u|¿kf]–
gdf]˜:t' t] b]jj/ k|;Lb .
lj1ft'ldR5fld ejGtdfB+–
g lx k|hfgfld ta k|j[lQd\ ..#!..
x] eujfg\ Û dnfO{ eGg'xf];\, pu|¿k ePsf] xh'/ sf] xf] < x] b]jx¿df >]i7 Û xh'/nfO{ gd:sf/
5, xh'/ k|;Gg x'g'xf];\ . cflbk'?if xh'/nfO{ d ljz]if ¿kn] hfGg rfxG5' lsgeg] d xh'/sf] k|j[lQnfO{
hflGbgF ..
ch{'g eGb5g\– h;/L k'tnLx¿ cfkm" gi6 x'gsf nflu k|Hjlnt clUgdf clt j]u;Fu k|j]z
u5{g\ / Pp6f k'tnL hn]/ gi6 ePsf] b]v]/ klg c¿ k'tnLx¿ Tof] clUgaf6 k/ gefuL ToxLF
clUgdf k|j]z u/]/ ;dfKt x'G5g\, To:t} ;f/f dg'iox¿ klg cfˆgf] gfzsf nflu xh'/sf] d'vdf
cltj]un] k|j]z ul//x]sf 5g\ . dg'iox¿ Ps–csf{df k|lt:kwf{ u/]/ a8f] j]usf ;fy xh'/sf]

nf]suLtf– 493
cWofo–!!
k|Hjlnt d[To'¿kL d'vdf k|j]z u/]sf] b]lv/x]sf] 5' . oL ;f/f a'l4dfg\, kl08t, 1fgL, z"/jL/ dxfg\
of]4fx¿ xh'/sf] d[To'¿kL d'vlt/ bf}l8/x]sf 5g\ / xh'/ ;a}nfO{ cfˆgf] k|Hjlnt d'vn] rkfpFb}
;a}lt/af6 rf6\b} x'g'x'G5 . x] lji0f' Û xh'/sf] pu| k|sfz / t]hn] ;Dk"0f{ hut\nfO{ kl/k"0f{ u/]/ Tof]
tfkn] tKt eO/x]sf] 5 . xh'/ ;a}nfO{ lgNb} x'g'x'G5 . ;f/f k|f0fLx¿ hln/x]sf 5g\ / tfkn] e:d
eO/x]sf 5g\ . x] eujfg\ Û dnfO{ s[kf u/]/ eGg'xf];\ Û pu| ¿kjfnf xh'/ sf] x'g'x'G5, ch{'gn] cem}
of] s[i0fs} ¿k xf] eGg] ;f]Rg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . ch{'gnfO{ of] s[i0fsf] k|tLsTdfs ¿k xf] h:tf]
nfu]sf] 5 / d]/f] k/LIff lnO/xg'ePsf] t xf]Og eGg] nflu/x]sf] 5 . To;}n] ch{'g lh1f;fk"j{s of]
pu| ¿kjfnf sf] x'g'x'G5 eg]/ ;f]Wb5g\ .
x] b]jx¿df >]i7 Û xh'/nfO{ sf]6L sf]6L gd:sf/ 5≤ xh'/ k|;Gg x'g'xf];\ . ch{'g Jofs'n /
eoeLt eP/ cflQO/x]sf 5g\ / d xh'/nfO{ gd:sf/ ub{5' k|;Gg x'g'xf];\ klg ;Fu} eGb} 5g\ . x]
cflb:j¿k Û d xh'/nfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGg rfxG5' lsgeg] xh'/sf] k|j[lQnfO{ d hflGbgF . s[kof xh'/
cfˆgf] k|j[lQnfO{ v'DRofpg'xf];\ . xh'/ d[To'df klg x'g'x'G5 To;;Fu d]/f] s'g} k|of]hg 5}g . xh'/ s]
ug{'x'G5, To;;Fu klg d]/f] s'g} k|of]hg 5}g . d xh'/ s]G›df, ;f/df jf tŒjdf s] x'g'x'G5 Tof]
hfGg rfxG5' . xfdLx¿ klg ;a} ch{'g h:t} k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg rfxG5f+}“ t/ p;sf ¿k–u'0fx¿af6
aRg rfxG5f}+“ . ch{'gsf] cfsfª\Iff xfdL ;a}sf] cfsfª\Iff xf] . of] ;f/f ;+;f/ k/dfTdfs} k|j[lQ /
v]n xf] . xfdL To;af6 ar]/ p;nfO{ dfq hfGg rfxG5f}+“ . xfdL k/dfTdfnfO{ of] ;+;f/¿kL
ej;fu/af6 kf/ nufpm eG5f}F t/ ;+;f/ / ;a} s'/f p;s} xf] / of] ej;fu/ klg pxL g} xf] .
ch{'g eG5g\– xh'/sf] k|j[lQnfO{ xf]Og, xh'/nfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGg rfxG5' . xh'/ s] xf] < d
Tof] s]G›nfO{ hxfF s'g} ult Pjd\ sd{ 5}g s]jn zfGt / df}g dfq 5 To;nfO{ hfGg rfxG5' . of]
pu|¿k x6fP/ k|;Gg x'g'xf];\ . k|;Ggtf klg k|j[lQ xf] t/ ch{'g xh'/sf] k|j[lQ;Fu dnfO{ s'g}
k|of]hg 5}g, d t s]jn tŒjk"j{s xh'/nfO{ dfq hfGg rfxG5' eg]/ laGtL ub{5g\ . pu|tf, k|;Ggtf,
hLjg–d[To' / cfglGbt x'g' klg ;a} sd{ x'g\ tŒj xf]Og t/ ch{'g 5gf]6 dfq ul//x]sf 5g\ . df}g
/ z"Go tŒj xf] t/ z"GonfO{ x]g{] Ifdtf cToGt sl7g x'G5 . xfdL k|j[ltnfO{ b]Vg ;S5f}+“ t/
z"GonfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}gf+}“ . df}g / z"Go tŒjnfO{ OlG›ohGo b[li6af6 b]Vg / ;'Gg ;lsGg . z"Go h'g
df}gtf xf] To;nfO{ ;'Ggsf nflu cfGtl/s sfg rflxG5 / x]g{sf nflu lbJorIf' g} rflxG5 . ch{'g
eGb5g\– d xh'/nfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGg rfxG5' t/ h'g JolQm :jod\ tŒj x'g tof/ x'G5, p;n] dfq
Tof] tŒj cyf{t\ hut\sf] z"GonfO{ b]Vg ;S5 . ha;Dd JolQm z"Go x'g /fhL x'Fb}g, ta;Dd k|j[lQ
dfq b]lvG5 / k|j[lQ /x'Gh]n JolQmdf 5gf]6 eO/xG5 . xfdL h:t} ch{'g klg pu|¿k x6fP/
k|Llts/ ;'Gb/ ¿ksf] dfu ub}{ 5g\ / cem} klg 5gf]6 ub}{ 5g\ .
;+;f/ k|j[ltsf] hfn xf] / ;GGof; lgj[lQ cyf{t\ k|j[lQaf6 x6\g' xf] . ;+;f/ ;j{q 5 To;}n]
;a}lt/ k|j[lQ 5 / o;af6 efUg ;Dej 5}g . ;a}lt/ p;s} k|j[lQ 5 . sxLF j[If kIfLx¿sf]
lr/Lla/Lsf] k|j[lQ, sxLF gbLdf kfgLsf] snsnfx6sf] k|j[lQ, sxLF kxf8sf] zfGtkgsf] k|j[lQ, sxLF
gbLsf] ;';fx6sf] k|j[lQ, sxLF ahf/sf] le8ef8 / rxnkxnsf] k|j[lQ, oL ;a} k/dfTdfs} k|j[lQ
x'g\ . k|j[lQdf 5gf]6/lxt x'gf;fy JolQm z"Go x'G5, sf/0f 5gf]6n] g} leqsf] z"Go vl08t u5{ . hf]
z"Go x'G5, p;n] k/dfTdfnfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGg ;S5 . ch{'g cltljgosf ;fy eGb5g\– x] eujg\ Û
xh'/ s[kf u/]/ of] pu| ¿k ePsf] sf] xf] dnfO{ eGg'xf];\ / xh'/ k|;Gg x'g'xf];\ . x] cflb:j¿k Û d
xh'/nfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGg rfxG5' . xh'/sf] k|j[lQnfO{ d hflGbgF / dnfO{ o;;Fu s'g} k|of]hg klg
5}g, s]jn xh'/ s] x'g'x'G5 < ToxL hfGg rfxG5' .

nf]suLtf– 494
 cWofo–!!
ch{'g Hof]ltdf k'tnL k|j]z u/] h:t} ;a} hgf s[i0fsf] d'vdf j]un] k;]sf] b]V5g\ . Tof] b]Vbf
pgnfO{ d]/f] klg oxL xfn x'g] 5 eGg] yfxf eof] . To;}n] pgL c¿c¿sf] gfd lnP/ s'/f ub}{ 5g\
t/ pgsf] egfOsf] ulx/fOdf cfˆgf] egfO klg ;lDdlnt 5 . ch{'gnfO{ lbof]df k'tnL gi6 eP em}+“
cfkm" klg ld6\g'kg]{ qf;n] ;dft]sf] 5 . JolQm ha d]l6g tof/ x'G5 ta s;}n] klg p;nfO{ ;dfKt
kfg}{ ;Sb}g . JolQmnfO{ d]l6gaf6 /f]Sg] cxª\sf/ xf] / d[To'n] klg ;dfKt gx'g] cd[t tŒj cfTdf
xf] . d[To'sf] eo cfTdfsf] hfgsf/L gx'g' xf] . dg'io s]jn …dÚsf af/]df hfGb5 . p;nfO{ cd[t
tŒj cfTdfsf] s'g} hfgsf/L x'Fb}g . of] …dÚnfO{ g} pm k/dfTdf;dIf lnP/ hfG5, To;}n] leq k|j]z
ug{ ;Sb}g . To:t} ch{'g klg of] cflv/L cj:yfdf hxfF pgn] >Ls[i0fnfO{ hGd, d[To', kfngstf{,
P]Zjo{, k|sfz / ljWj+;ssf] ¿kdf k|ToIf b]lv;s]/ klg cem} d]l6g tof/ 5}gg\ . …dÚnfO{ alnof]
agfP/ pgL k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg rfxG5g\ . ch{'g ;a} dg'iox¿sf k|ltlglw kfq x'g\ .
>L eujfg'jfr
sfnf]›l:d nf]sIfos[Tk|j[4f]–
nf]sfG;dfxt{'ldx k|j[QM .
Ct]›lk Tjf+ g eljiolGt ;j]{
o]˜jl:ytfM k|TogLs]if' of]wfM ..#@..
eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] eGg'eof]– …dÚ nf]snfO{ gfz ug]{jfnf a9]sf] dxfsfn x'F . o; ;do …dÚ of]
nf]snfO{ gi6 ug{sf nflu k|j[Q ePsf] 5' . To;}n] hf] klg k|ltkIfsf ;]gfdf l:yt of]4f 5g\ TfL ;a}
ltdL geP klg / ltdLn] o'4 gu/] klg logLx¿ ;a}sf] gfz x'g] 5 ..
t:dfŒjd'lQi7 ozf] ne:j
lhTjf zq"Ge'ª\Ij /fHo+ ;d[4d\ .
do}j}t] lgxtfM k"j{d]j
lgldQdfq+ ej ;Jo;flrg\ ..##..
To;sf/0f ltdL p7, oz k|fKt u/ / zq'x¿nfO{ lht]/ wgwfGon] ;DkGg /fHonfO{ ef]u . oL
;a} z"/jL/x¿ klxn] g} …dÚ af6 dfl/O;s]sf 5g\ . x] ;Jo;flrg\ Û ltdL t s]jn lgldQ dfq ag ..
b|f]0f+ r eLid+ r hob|y+ r
s0f{+ tyfGofglk of]wjL/fg\ .
dof xtf+:Tj+ hlx df Jolyi7f–
o'Wo:j h]tfl; /0f] ;kTgfg\ ..#$..
›f]0ffrfo{ / eLidlktfdx tyf ho›y / s0f{nufot c¿ klg w]/} …dÚ af6 dfl/Psf z"/jL/
of]4fx¿nfO{ ltdL df/, eo gdfg . lgM;Gb]x ltdL o'4df j}/Lx¿nfO{ lhT5f}≤ To;}n] o'4 u/ ..
o;k|sf/ ch{'gn] ;f]w]kl5 >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL h'g d]/f] eoª\s/ ljs/fn ¿k
b]lv/x]sf 5f} Tof] …dÚ nf]snfO{ gfz ug{ a9]sf] dxfsfn ¿k x'F . of] If0f …dÚ oxfF Ps dxfljgfzsf
nflu pkl:yt ePsf] 5' . oxfF x'g] lj/f6\ ljgfzsf nflu d]/f] d'v d[To' ag]sf] 5 . of] ltd|f cufl8
lglZrGt b]lvg] z"/jL/x¿ s]xL If0fkl5 d]/f] d'vdf k|j]z ug]{ 5g\ lsgeg] …dÚ logLx¿nfO{ lng
cfPsf] 5' . ltdLn] clxn] eljiodf 36\g] 36gf, pgLx¿ d]/f] d'vdf k|j]z ug{ nfu]sf] k|ToIf b]Vg
;Sof} . Tof] s]xL If0fkl5 To:t} 3l6t x'g] 5 / pgLx¿ d[To'df k|fKt x'g] 5g\ .
eljio ToxL xf] hf], xfdLn] b]Vb}gf}+“ . dg'io eljio b]Vg ;Sb}g, To;}n] p;nfO{ eljiosf] s]xL
af]w x'Fb}g . t/ k|frLg Clifx¿n] eGby]– dg{'eGbf 5 dlxgf cl3b]lv g} d[To'sf] k|efj b]lvg ;'?
x'G5 . pQm JolQmsf] k|sfzsf] cfef wldnf] x'g yfN5 / d08nsf] ls/0f h'g aflx/ hfGYof] Tof]
kmls{P/ leq cfpg yfN5 . o;/L 5 dlxgfkl5 36\g] d[To'sf] 36gf 5 dlxgf cufl8 g} b]lvg ;'?

nf]suLtf– 495
cWofo–!!
x'G5 . pRr :yfgdf a:g] JolQmn] ctLt, jt{dfg / eljio ;a} b]Vg ;S5g\ . r]tgfsf] klg To:t}
cj:yf x'G5 . ha cxª\sf/ w]/} x'G5, ta cfFvfsf cufl8 gcfP;Dd s]xL b]lvFb}g . of] r]tgfsf]
klxnf] cj:yf xf] . ha ;a} cxª\sf/ Ps x'G5, ta cUnf] :yfgdf a;]sf] h:tf] cg'e"lt x'G5Ù of]
r]tgfsf] bf];|f] cj:yf xf] . ha …dÚ g} /xFb}g ta Tof] prfO cem a9\5 / Tof] r]tgfsf] tnaf6
w]/}kl5 x'g] s'/f klg b]lvg yfN5, of] r]tgfsf] t];|f] cj:yf xf] . rf}yf] cj:yf hxfF sf]xL klg /xFb}g,
Tof] prfOaf6 ;a} s'/f b]lvg yfN5 . of] rf}yf] cj:yfsf] JolQmnfO{ xfdL ;j{1 eG5fF} . o:tf]
JolQmnfO{ ;a} jt{dfg x'G5 s'g} eljio x'Fb}g .
;a} of]4fx¿ s[i0fsf] d[To'sf] d'vdf uO/x]sf] b]v]/ ch{'gn] lj:dok"j{s ;f]Wg yfNf]kl5
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ of] o'4sf of]4fx¿nfO{ cGt ug{ cfPsf] 5' / …dÚ dxfsfn x'F . ltdLn] clxn]
h] b]Vof}, s]xL If0fkl5 ToxL 36\g] 5 . To;}n] p7, o'4 u/, oz k|fKt u/ / zq'x¿nfO{ lht lsgeg]
oL ;a} z"/jL/x¿nfO{ d}n] klxn] g} dfl/;s]sf] 5' . To;}n] ltdL lrGtf gu/, ltdL geP klg
logLx¿sf] d[To' lglZrt 5 . ltdL logLx¿sf] d[To'sf] sf/0f xf]Ogf}F lgldQ dfq xf} . lgldQ
kl/jt{g x'g ;S5 t/ sf/0f kl/jt{g x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGb} x'g'x'G5– sf/0f t
…dÚ x'F / ltdL lgldQ dfq xf} . To;}n] ltdLn] gdf/] klg c¿ s;}n] cjZo} dfg]{ 5g\ lsgeg]
logLx¿sf] d[To' lglZrt 5 . d}n] logLx¿nfO{ dfl/;s]sf] 5' ltdLnfO{ t s]jn dfl/;s]sf]
JolQmnfO{ lgldQ eP/ dfg]{ lhDd]jf/L dfq lbPsf] x'F . o;/L lgldQ eP/ d}n] dfl/;s]sf
JolQmx¿nfO{ df/]/ ltdL wg, j}ej / ljzfn ;fd|fHo k|fKt u/ . logLx¿ ;a} d[t 5g\ / d[tnfO{
dfg{' s'g} lx+;f xf]Og . lgoltn] pgLx¿nfO{ d[To' k|bfg ul/;s]sf] 5 . ltdL t s]jn Ps wSsf lbg]
sfd dfq ug]{ 5f} . b'of]{wg / p;sf z"/jL/x¿sf] kfksd{n] ubf{ pgLx¿sf] ;do k'lu;s]sf] 5 .
To;}n] ltdL lglZrGt eP/ lgldQ ag, oz k|fKt u/ / s'g} cxª\sf/ klg g/fv . lgoltnfO{
:jLsf/ u/]/ h] eO/x]sf] 5≤ x'g b]pm . ltd|f] lht lglZrt 5 lsgeg] …dÚ ltd|f] ;fydf 5' . To;}n]
ltd|f] xf/ x'g ;Sb}g . ltdL o'4sf] sf/0fn] lhTg] xf]Ogf} ltdL t lgldQsf] ¿kdf lhTg] 5f} .
o'4df /fd|f] ug]{sf] lht / g/fd|f] ug]{sf] cyf{t\ kfkLsf] xf/ x'G5 cyf{t\ ;Tosf] lht x'G5 .
b'of]{wg ;Tosf kIfdf lyPgg\ . To;}n] pgsf] xf/ lglZrt 5 . pgsf ;a}h;f] sd{ kfkk"0f{ 5g\ .
b'of]{wg / pgsf z"/jL/x¿n] hut\sf] k/d ;Qf;Fu 5'l§P/ h'g cxª\sf/ u/]sf 5g\ ToxL pgLx¿sf]
;a}eGbf 7'nf] kfk xf] . ›f]0ffrfo{, eLidlktfdx, ho›y / s0f{ hf] dxfjL/ / k|tfkL 5g\ t/ pgLx¿
h;nfO{ ;fy lbO/x]sf 5g\, tL dxfkfkL 5g\ . To;}n] tL dxfjL/x¿af6 of] cg'lrt sd{ eof] .
cg'lrt JolQmnfO{ ;fy lbPsf sf/0f g} pgLx¿sf] klg ToxL ult x'Fb} 5 . cg'lrtnfO{ ;fy lbg'
klg cg'lrt g} xf] . eLidlktfdx cToGt c;n eP klg r'krfk cg'lrt s'/fnfO{ klg pgn]
:jLsf/ u/] . To;}n] ch{'gsf sf/0fn] xf]Og lj/f6\ zlQmsf] ljk/Lt x'gfsf sf/0fn] pgLx¿ ;dfKt
x'Fb} 5g\ . s0f{ ch{'g hlQs} k|efjzfnL / ;;Qm of]4f x'g\ . b'j}df zlQm / sf}zn a/fa/sf] g} 5
;fy} b'j} Pp6} cfdfsf ;Gtfg klg x'g\ . s0f{ ch{'geGbf s'g} s'/fdf sd 5}gg\ t/ lj/f6\sf] k|jfxsf
ljk/Lt b'of]{wg h:tf] cg'lrt JolQmnfO{ ;fy lbg' g} pgsf] xf/sf] sf/0f xf] . ch{'g nufotsf
;d:t kf08j lj/f6\sf] ;fydf x'g' / cg'lrt JolQmsf ;fy gx'gfsf sf/0fn] >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{
ltd|f] lht lglZrt 5, t;y{ lgM;Gb]x o'4 u/ eGg'ePsf] xf] .
;~ho pjfr
PtR5'|«Tjf jrg+ s]zj:o
s[tf~hlnj]{kdfgM ls/L6L .
gd:s[Tjf e"o Pjfx s[i0f+–
;ub\ub+ eLteLtM k|0fDo ..#%..

nf]suLtf– 496
 cWofo–!!
;~hon] eg]– x] /fhg\ Û eujfg\ s]zjsf oL jrgx¿nfO{ ;'g]/ cfglGbt d's'6wf/L ch{'g xft
hf]8]/ sfFKb} gd:sf/ u/]/ t/ klg cToGt eoeLt eP/ k|0ffd ub}{ eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf k|lt ubub
jf0fLdf af]Nf] ..
ch{'g pjfr
:yfg] ÅifLs]z tj k|sLTof{
huTk|ÅioTog'/Hot] r .
/Iff+l; eLtflg lbzf] b|jlGt
;j]{ gd:olGt r l;4;‹fM ..#^..
>Ls[i0fsf s'/f ;'g]/ ch{'gn] eg]– x] cGtof{ldg\ Û xh'/sf] gfd, xh'/sf] u'0f / k|efjn] hut\
clt xlif{t eO/x]sf] 5 / cg'/fu klg k|fKt eO/x]sf] 5≤ of] of]Uo g} 5 . xh'/sf] u'0f / k|efjaf6
eoeLt /fIf;x¿ rf/} lbzfx¿df efUb} 5g\ / ;a} l;4 u0fx¿sf] ;d'bfo gd:sf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ ..
s:dfRr t] g gd]/GdxfTdg\
u/Lo;] a|Xd0ff]›Koflbsq]{ .
cgGt b]j]z hulGgjf;
TjdIf/+ ;b;QTk/+ ot\ ..#&..
x] dxfTdg\ Û a|XDffsf klg cflbstf{ / ;a}eGbf 7'nf] xh'/nfO{ s;/L gd:sf/ gug{' lsgeg] x]
cgGt Û x] b]j]z Û x] hulGgjf; Û hf] ;t\, c;t\ / To;eGbf klg k/ cIf/ cyf{t\ ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xd
5 Tof] xh'/ g} xf] ..
Tjdflbb]jM k'?ifM k'/f0f–
:Tjd:o ljZj:o k/+ lgwfgd\ .
j]Qfl; j]B+ r k/+ r wfd
Tjof tt+ ljZjdgGt¿k ..#*..
xh'/ cflbb]j / ;gftg k'?if x'g'x'G5 . xh'/ o; hut\sf] k/d cf>o, hfGg]jfnf tyf
hfGgof]Uo / k/dwfd x'gx' 'G5 . x] cgGt¿k Û xh'/af6 of] ;a} hut\ JofKt cyf{t\ kl/k"0f{ 5 ..
jfo'o{df]›lUgj{?0fM zzfÍM
k|hfklt:Tj+ k|lktfdxZr .
gdf] gd:t]›:t' ;x;|s[TjM
k'gZr e"of]›lk gdf] gd:t] ..#(..
xh'/ jfo', od/fh, clUg, j?0f, rG›df, k|hfsf :jfdL a|Xdf / a|Xdfsf klg lktf x'g'x'G5 .
xh'/nfO{ xhf/f}+“ rf]l6 gd:sf/ Û xh'/nfO{ km]l/ klg 3/L3/L gd:sf/ Û gd:sf/ Û gd:sf/ Û
gdM k'/:tfby k[i7t:t]
gdf]›:t' t] ;j{t Pj ;j{ .
cgGtjLof{ldtljqmd:Tj+–
;j{+ ;dfKgf]lif ttf]›l; ;j{M ..$)..
x] cgGt Û ;fdYo{ ePsf xh'/nfO{ cufl8af6 k5fl8af6 klg gd:sf/ Û x] ;jf{Tdg\ Û xh'/nfO{
;a}tkm{af6 gd:sf/ lsgeg] cgGt k/fqmdzfnL xh'/n] ;a} ;+;f/nfO{ JofKt ug{' ePsf] 5 . To;}n]
xh'/ g} ;j{¿k x'g'x'G5 ..
ch{'gn] h] b]v]sf 5g\, To;n] pgsf] k"/f z/L/ sfFlk/x]sf] 5 . k|s[ltn] xfdLnfO{ eljiok|lt
cGwf] agfpF5 lsgeg] eljiosf] emns olt vt/gfs x'G5 ls xfdLnfO{ afFRg klg sl7g x'G5 .
dg'ion] eljio b]Vg ;Sof] eg] p;sf nflu hLjg af]em aG5 / k|]d, sd{ s]xL klg ug{ ;lsGg .

nf]suLtf– 497
cWofo–!!
aRrfn] olb hGdgf;fy eljio b]Vof] eg] pm Ps kfOnf cl3 a9\g ;Sb}g . ctLtnfO{ la;{g] /
eljio b]Vg g;lsg] x'gfn] JolQm afFRg ;S5 . ;f/f hut\ d[To' ef]ln 3l6t x'g] jfnf 5 eGg] yfxf
gx'gfn] cf/fdn] rln/x]sf] 5 . eljio gb]lvg] x'gfn] g} dg'io lglZrGt eP/ afFlr/x]sf] 5 .
ch{'gn] eljio b]v], To;}n] pgL sfFlk/x]sf 5g\ . ;~ho eG5g\– ch{'g sfFKb} eoeLt eP/ k|0ffd
klg ub}{ 5g\ / ;fy} ubub klg ePsf 5g\ . ch{'gsf] l:ylt b'lawfk"0f{ 5 . pgn] o'4df ljhoL x'g]
b]v]sfn] cfglGbt klg x'Fb} 5g\ / s[i0fsf] s[kfn] h'g pxfFsf] lj/f6\ :j¿k b]Vg] ;f}efUo k|fKt eof]
To;sf nflu klg ubub 5g\ . csf]{tkm{ d[To'sf] k|ToIf :j¿k b]v]/ eoeLt klg 5g\ . t;y{ ljho
;'lglZrt eP klg To;af6 cfpg'kg]{ cfgGb pgnfO{ k|fKt eO/x]sf] 5}g . ch{'g Iflqo x'g\ / Pp6f
IflqonfO{ o'4df cfˆgf] snf k|bz{g ug]{ h'g cfsif{0f x'G5 Tof] klg eljio b]Vgfn] ch{'gnfO{ Joy{
nfUg yfn]sf] 5 . lj/f6\sf sf/0fn] o'4df ljho k|fKt ug{ nfu]sfn] pgdf o'4sf] pT;'stf klg
;dfKt ePsf] 5 .
s'g} klg v]ndf lhTgsf nflu k"/f k|of; ul/G5 t/ kl/0ffd klxn] yfxf ePdf Tof] v]nsf]
/f]df~r g} x/fpF5 . eljio hfGgfn] ch{'gsf] o:t} xfnt ePsf] 5 . lj/f6\sf] bz{g k|fKt ePsfn]
pgL ubub klg 5g\ t/ o'4df ljho cfˆgf] sf/0fn] ePsf] eg]/ uj{ ug{;Sg] l:ylt gb]v]/ pgsf]
cxª\sf/nfO{ 7]; nfUgfn] Jolyt klg 5g\ ;fy} z"/jL/ of]4fx¿sf] d[To'sf] b[Zo b]v]/ eoeLt klg
5g\ . ch{'gnfO{ b'of]{wgn] cfkm}F xf/]sf] xf]Og p;sf] lgoltsf sf/0fn] xfg]{ hfg]/ klg o'4k|lt x'g]
pT;'stf ;dfKt ePsf] 5 / cfˆg} cxª\sf/nfO{ k'i6 ug{ k|fKt x'g] /;af6 jl~rt ePsf]df b'vL
5g\ . dg'io klg o:t} lgoltsf] kfq dfq xf] lsgeg] p;sf] lgolt lglZrt 5 . pm s]jn lgldQ
eP/ cfˆgf] kfqtf lgjf{x dfq ul//x]sf] x'G5 . k/dfTdfn] h;nfO{ rfXof] p;nfO{ lhtfpF5 /
h;nfO{ rfXof] p;nfO{ x/fpF5 . ch{'gsf nflu kf08jsf] lht / sf}/jsf] xf/ lgoltsf sf/0f x'g]
x'gfn] pgn] ljho ;'lglZrt b]v]sf 5g\≤ To;}n] pgdf o'4sf] /f]df~r afFsL /x]sf] 5}g . >Ls[i0f
eGb} x'g'x'G5– logLx¿nfO{ d}n] klxn] g} dfl/;s]sf] 5' ltdL t s]jn lgldQ dfq xf} . of] s'/f ;'g]/
ch{'g b'vL x'G5g\ lsgeg] d dfg]{jfnf x'F eGg] pgsf] wf/0ff g} w/fzoL ePsf] 5 . ca of] o'4
ch{'gsf nflu jf:tljs o'4 ePg .
ch{'g >Ls[i0fsf] lj/f6\ ¿ksf] bz{gsf] cg'ej k|fKt ugf{n] cToGt xlif{t 5g\ / csf]{tkm{ Tof]
lj/f6\ d[To'sf] :j¿ksf] bz{gn] eoeLt klg 5g\ . pgdf b'j} s'/f Ps};fy 3l6t eO/x]sf] 5 . ToxL
cj:yf b]v]/ ;~ho eG5g\– ch{'g ubub / eoeLt eP/ af/Daf/ k|0ffd ul//x]sf 5g\ / pgL
eGb5g\– x] cGtof{dL Û xh'/sf] gfd / sLt{gsf] k|efjn] ;f/f hut\ xlif{t 5 ;fy} cg'/fu klg k|fKt
ul//x]sf] 5 . ptf eoeLt ePsf /fIf;u0f cg]s lbzfx¿lt/ eflu/x]sf 5g\ eg] ;a} l;4
u0fx¿sf] ;d'bfo gd:sf/ ul//x]sf 5g\ . ch{'g eGb} 5g\– xh'/sf] gfdn] sf]xL xlif{t / sf]xL
eoeLt x'G5g\ . oL b'j} plrt s'/fx¿ x'g\ lsgeg] o'4df ;dfKt x'g]x¿sf nflu xh'/ ljgfz:j¿k
ePsfn] pgLx¿ eoeLt x'g' :jfefljs xf] ;fy} xh'/nfO{ b]v]/ k/d cfgGb kfpg nfu]sf JolQmx¿
xlif{t x'g' klg :jfefljs} xf] . t/ ch{'gdf oL b'j} cg'e"lt Ps;fy eO/x]sf 5g\ . xfdLdf klg o:t}
bf]xf]/f] cg'e"lt g} x'G5 lsgeg] hut\df b]jtf / /fIf;nfO{ cnu vf]Hg ;lsGgF . oL b'j} ldn]s}
x'G5g\ . oL b'j} u'0f k|To]s JolQmdf x'G5 h'g k|To]s JolQmsf b'O{ kf6f x'g\ . dg b'O{sf] ljgf x'g
;Sb}g . To;}n] x/]s c;neGbf c;n k'?ifleq klg s]xL lx:;f /fIf;L x'G5 / x/]s /fIf;df klg
s]xL lx:;f c;n x'G5 .
o; hut\df k|s6 x'g] pkfo dg xf] / dg åGå xf] . clt /fd|f] of g/fd|f] JolQmdf klg s'g}
g s'g} g/fd|f] of /fd|f] kIf x'G5 / dg'io oxL b'O{ u'0fåf/f lgld{t x'G5 . dg'iodf b'j} u'0f x'g]

nf]suLtf– 498
 cWofo–!!
ePsfn] k/dsf] åf/ v'Nbf klg of] b'j} kIf k|s6 x'G5 . p;leqsf] lbJo k/dsf] Ps ¿k b]v]/
cfglGbt / csf]{ kIf k/dsf] bf];|f] ¿k b]v]/ eoeLt x'G5 . k/dfTdfsf cufl8 b'j} s'/f Ps;fy g}
3l6t x'G5g\ . ch{'g eG5g\– xh'/sf] u'0f / sLt{gn] sf]xL dg'io xlif{t x'G5g\ / cg'/fudf pknAw
x'G5g\ eg] s]xL dg'io ljleGg lbzfdf efUb5g\ . l;4 u0fx¿ 3'F8f 6]s]/ xh'/nfO{ gd:sf/ ul//x]sf]
klg b]lv/x]sf] 5' . sf]xL eujfg\sf] gfd ;'Gg]lalQs} b'vL / kLl8t x'G5g\ Pjd\ sf]xL cfglGbt /
k|km'lNnt x'G5g\ . eujfg\ ha d[To';Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5, ta xfdL b'vL x'G5f+}“ . ha JolQm k/dfTdfsf]
wf/fdf alu/x]sf] x'G5, ta pm eujfg\sf] gfd ;'g]/} cfglGbt x'G5 . cfkm" x'g'sf] xf]; x/fP/
k/dfTdf;Fu ;'/tfn a:g' / pxfFsf] gfd, uLt, w'g / nosf dfWodaf6 nLg x'g' sLt{g xf] . sLt{g
k/dfTdfsf] wf/fdf cfkm"nfO{ 5f]8\g' xf] . To;}n] ch{'g eGb5g\– xh'/sf] sLt{g u/]/ dg'io xlif{t
x'G5g\ / cg'/funfO{ k|fKt ub{5g\ .
x] dxfTdg\ Û xh'/ a|Xdfsf] klg cflbstf{ / ;a}eGbf 7'nf x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] xh'/nfO{ pgLx¿
gd:sf/ s;/L gu¿g\ lsgeg] x] cgGt Û x] hug\ lgjf; hf] ;t\ / c;t\sf] kf/ cIf/ cyf{t\
;lRrbfgGb3g a|XDf x'g'x'G5 Tof] xh'/ g} xf] . x] k|e' Û xh'/ cflbb]j / ;gftg k'?if x'g'x'G5 / xh'/
o; hut\sf] k/d cf>o / hfGg]jfnf tyf hfGgof]Uo / k/dwfd x'g'x'G5 . x] cgGt ¿k Û xh'/af6
of] hut\ JofKt Pjd\ kl/k"0f{ 5 / xh'/ jfo', od/fh, clUg, j?0f rG›df tyf k|hfsf :jfdL a|Xdf
/ a|Xdfsf lktf x'g'x'G5 . xh'/nfO{ xhf/f}+ xhf/ gd:sf/ . x] ;jf{Tdg\ Û xh'/nfO{ ;a}lt/af6
gd:sf/ lsgeg] cgGt k/fqmdzfnL xh'/n] ;+;f/nfO{ JofKt ug{'ePsf] 5≤ To;}n] xh'/ g} ;j{¿k
xf] .
ch{'gsf oL ;f/f jrg k/dfTdfk|lt wGoefj tyf cxf]efjsf jrg x'g\ . ch{'g eoeLt
ePsf 5g\ ;fy} wGoefuL klg ePsf 5g\ . of] cxf]efUosf] clåtLo cj;/ pgnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
ch{'gnfO{ lj/f6\sf] k"0f{ bz{g ug]{ ;'cj;/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 . hxfF hfGg]jfnf / hfGg'kg]{ jfnf b'j} Ps
eP/ ;f/f ;Ldf ;dfKt x'G5, hxfF ;[li6 / ;[li6sf] lgdf{tf klg ljnLg eP/ d"n cf>o k/dwfdsf]
cg'ej x'G5, Tof] df}sf ch{'gn] kfP/ wGoefuL ePsf 5g\ / cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] ;f}efUok|lt
s[Q1tf k|s6 ug{ 3/L3/L rf/}lt/af6 gd:sf/ ub}{ 5g\ . cfdfafa'sf] C0faf6 d'Qm x'g sl7g 5
t/ u'?sf] C0faf6 kf/ x'g c;Dej 5 . u'?sf dfWodaf6 k|fKt x'g] cg'ej ch{'gnfO{ s[i0fsf
dfWodaf6 k|fKt ePsf] 5 . h;sf] s'g} d"No ch{'gn] r'sfpg ;Sb}gg\ .
u'?nfO{ æu'?a{|Xdf, u'?lj{i0f'M u'?b]jf] dx]Zj/MÆ eg]/ cfb/ k|s6 ugf{sf] sf/0f klg oxL xf] .
u'?nfO{ ;fi6fË gd:sf/ ug{'l;jfo c¿ s]xL ug{ klg ;lsFb}g . o:tf] ;+;f/af6 kf/ x'g ;Sg]
cg'ej lbg] u'?nfO{ ;+;f/ g} lbP klg ckof{Kt x'G5 . ch{'g ToxL cg'u|xsf] efjdf af/Daf/
gd:sf/ ub}{ 5g\ . lj/f6\nfO{ xfdLn] lbg ;Sg] s'/f >4fk"0f{ gdg g} xf] . wd{sf] vf]h em'Sg] snf
xf] . em'Sg hfGg]n] g} ;a}s'/f kfpF5 . t;y{ ch{'g eG5g\– xh'/ g} hfGg'kg]{ s'/f x'g'x'G5 / xh'/ g}
k/d k/dfTdf a|XDf klg x'g'x'G5 . k/dfTdfsf] k|fy{gf dfu geP/ s[t1tf 1fkg x'g'kb{5 .
dg'ionfO{ t k/dfTdf g} kfP klg p;sf] 5'› dfusf] cGTo x'Fb}g . dfUg] dgnfO{ Tofu]/ p;sf]
wf/fdf cfkm"nfO{ 5f]8\g' sLt{g xf] .

nf]suLtf– 499
cWofo–!!
;v]lt dTjf k|;e+ ob'Qm+–
x] s[i0f x] ofbj x] ;v]lt .
chfgtf dlxdfg+ tj]b+–
dof k|dfbfTk|0fo]g jflk ..$!..
oRrfjxf;fy{d;Ts[tf]˜l;
ljxf/zøof;gef]hg]if' .
Psf]›yjfKoRo't tT;dIf+–
tTIffdo] Tjfdxdk|d]od\ ..$@..
xh'/sf] of] k|efjnfO{ ghfg]/, xh'/ d]/f] ;vf xf] eGg] dfg]/ k|]dn] cyf{t\ k|dfbn] klg d}n] x]
s[i0f Û x] ofbj Û x] ;vf Û o;k|sf/ g;f]rL g;DemL TolQs} eg]sf] lyPF / x] cRo't Û xh'/ dåf/f
d]/f] cfgGbsf nflu 3'dlkm/, p7a;, cf;g / ef]hgx¿df, PSn}df cyjf ;fyLx¿sf cufl8 klg
ckdflgt ul/g'ePsf] 5≤ Tof] ;a} ck/fw ck|d]o:j¿k cyf{t\ clrGTo k|efj ePsf] xh'/;“u Ifdf
dfUb5' ..
lktf;L nf]s:o r/fr/:o
Tjd:o k"HoZr u'?u{/Lofg\ .
g TjT;df]›:ToEolwsM s'tf]›Gof]–
nf]sqo]˜Kok|ltdk|efj ..$#..
xh'/ o; r/fr/ hut\sf lktf / ;a}eGbf 7'nf u'? Pjd\ clt k"hgLo x'g'x'G5 . x] cg'kd
k|efj ePsf eujg\ Û tLg} nf]sdf xh'/sf] ;dfg c¿ sf]xL klg 5}g / xh'/eGbf clws t emg\
s;/L x'g ;Snf <
t:dfTk|0fDo k|l0fwfo sfo+
k|;fbo] TjfdxdLzdL8Ød\ .
lkt]j k'q:o ;v]j ;Vo'M
lk|oM lk|ofofx{l; b]j ;f]9'd\ ..$$..
To;}n] x] k|e' Û d z/L/nfO{ xh'/sf] r/0fdf /fv]/ k|0ffd / :t'lt ub{5' ;fy} xh'/nfO{ k|;Gg
x'gsf nflu k|fy{gf ub{5' . x] b]j Û lktf h;/L 5f]/fsf], ;fyL h;/L ;fyLsf] / >Ldfg\ h;/L lk|otdf
:qLsf] ck/fw ;xG5g\, To:t} xh'/ klg d]/f] ck/fw ;xgsf nflu of]Uo x'g'x'G5 ..
ch{'g eG5g\– x] k/d]Zj/ Û d}n] ;fyL dfg]/, xh'/sf] of] k|efjnfO{ ghfg]/ d}n] k|]d / k|dfbn]
klg x] s[i0f Û x] ofbj Û x] ;vf Û cflb h] klg x7k"j{s eg]+“ / x] cRo't Û xh'/ dåf/f /dfOnf]sf
nflu 3'dlkm/, z}of, cf;g / ef]hgx¿df, PSn} cyjf c¿ ;fyLx¿sf cufl8 ckdflgt ul/g'eof]≤
tL ;a} ck/fwsf lglDt ck|d]o:j¿k xh'/;Fu d Ifdf dfU5' . s[i0fk|lt ch{'gsf] of] dw'/ /
cfGtl/s cleJolQm xf] . h'g If0f ch{'gn] s[i0fsf] lj/f6\ :j¿ksf] bz{g kfP, To;} If0f pgnfO{
s[i0f dg'io geP/ k/dfTdf ePsf] cg'ej eof] . To;}n] cfkm"n] klxn] s[i0fnfO{ ;fyLsf ¿kdf
u/]sf Jojxf/ ;Dem]/ ch{'g kL8f / nHhfn] el/Psf 5g\ . pgnfO{ cfkm"n] Tof] lj/f6\nfO{ u/]sf]
ldqjt\ Jojxf/ ;Dem]/ klg ck/fw jf]w ePsf] 5 .
ch{'g >Ls[i0fnfO{ ToxL eGb} 5g\– d}n] xh'/nfO{ ghfGgfn] ldqjt\ Jojxf/ u/]+“ . ldqtfdf
eGg] zAb x] s[i0f Û x] ofbj Û eg]/ ;Daf]wg u/“]+ . x7k"j{s cfˆgf] s'/f dgfpg vf]h]F xf]nf Û tkfO{+
unt x'g'x'G5 eg]/ l;4 klg ug]{ k|of; u/]F xf]nf Û tkfO{+n] eg]sf s'/f nTofPF xf]nf Û /dfOnf] ubf{,
3'dlkm/ ubf{, cf;g, ef]hgdf PSn}df jf ;fyLx¿sf cufl8 ckdflgt klg u/]+“ xf]nf, c¿n] ckdfg

nf]suLtf– 500
 cWofo–!!
ubf{ ;xdlt klg hgfPF xf]nf Û x] eujg\ Û d}n] xh'/nfO{ glrg]/ u/]sf oL ;a} ck/fwsf nflu
ck|d]o:j¿k clrGTo k|efj ePsf xh'/;Fu Ifdf dfU5' . xh'/nfO{ of] lj/f6\ ¿kdf h:tf] b]lv/x]sf]
5' / cfh;Dd h'g ¿kdf b]v]F, To;df k[YjL / cfsfzsf] hlQs} km/s kfPF . t;y{ ghfg]/, lrGg
g;s]/ u/]sf] d]/f] ;f/f ck/fw Ifdf ul/lbg'xf];\ . h'g lbg xfdLn] klg k/dfTdfsf] clnslt klg
emns b]Vg] 5f}+“, To; lbg xfdLnfO{ klg Ifdf dfUg'afx]s c¿ s]xL pkfo x'Fb}g lsgeg] rf/}lt/ pxL
lj/f6\sf] cl:tTj 5 / xfdL p;;Fu pN6f Jojxf/x¿ ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdL;Fu plrt b[li6sf] sdLn]
ubf{ xfdL lj/f6\nfO{ lrGg ;Sb}gf} . xfd|f] b[li6 kl/jt{g ePdf Ifdf dfUg'afx]s s]xL pkfo g} x'Fb}g .
ch{'gn] k/dfTdfdf s[i0fnfO{ b]v]≤ o;}sf/0f pgL dfkmL dfUb} 5g\ . cGhfgdf pgn] k/dfTdf;Fu
ldqjt\ Jojxf/ u/]sf]df pgnfO{ Unflg eO/x]sf] 5 / pgL af/Daf/ Ifdfofrgf ub}{ 5g\ .
ch{'g eG5g\– x] ljZj]Zj/ Û xh'/ of] r/fr/ hut\sf lktfeGbf klg 7'nf lktf / ;a}eGbf
7'nf u'? Pjd\ clt k"hgLo x'g'x'G5 . x] cltzo k|efjzfnL Û ltg} nf]sdf xh'/h:tf] c¿ sf]xL
5}g . To;}n] x] k|e' Û d xh'/sf] r/0fdf z/L/nfO{ /fd|/L /fvL k|0ffd u/]/ :t'lt ug{of]Uo xh'/
O{Zj/nfO{ k|0ffd / k|fy{gf ub{5' . x] b]j Û h;/L a'afn] 5f]/fsf], ldqn] ldqsf] / kltn] kTgLsf]
ck/fw dfkm u5{g\, To;/L g} xh'/ d]/f] ck/fwnfO{ dfkm ug{ of]Uo x'g'x'G5 . xh'/n] dnfO{ cjZo}
dfkm ul/lbg'x'g] 5 . lk|ohgx¿nfO{ Ifdf u/];/x xh'/n] d]/f] ck/fwnfO{ klg Ifdf ul/lbg'x'g] 5
eGg] dnfO{ yfxf 5 lsgeg] xh'/ h:tf] Ifdfjfg\ csf]{ x'g ;Sb}g t/ klg d cfˆgf] z/L/ xh'/sf]
r/0fsdndf /fv]/ Ifdf ofrgf u5{' .
z/L/ / dg b'O{ lrh xf]Ogg\ lsgeg] z/L/sf] k|To]s cj:yf dgsf] cj:yf;Fu hf]l8Psf]
x'G5 . z/L/ / dg Ps;fy 5g\ / Pp6fdf 3l6t ePsf] s'/fn] csf]{nfO{ klg k|efljt u5{ . k|;Ggtf
dg xf] / xfF;f] z/L/ xf] . dg b'vL x'Fbf z/L/ lzlyn x'G5 . dg b'vL x'Fbf z/L/sf] k|lt/f]wfTds
Ifdtf sd / dg k|;Gg x'Fbf z/L/sf] k|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtf j[l4 x'G5 eg]/ z/L/zf:qLx¿ eGb5g\ .
sL6f0f'nfO{ z/L/leq k:g] pkfo dg'ion] cfkm}+“ lbG5 . k|;Ggtfsf] cfefnfO{ sL6f0f'n] klg kf/ ug{
;Sb}g . lbgel/sf] rf}la; 306fdf s]xL If0f JolQm ;':t x'G5 . ToxL cj:yfdf sL6f0f'leq k|j]z ug{
;S5 . k|;Ggtfsf] lzv/df /x]sf] If0fdf s'g} /f]un] ;dfTg ;Sb}g . To;}n] z/L/ / dg hf]l8Psf]
5 . qmf]wdf JolQmsf] z/L/ csl8G5 / k|]ddf zfGt cj:yfdf x'G5 . dg / z/L/ ;fy;fy} kl/jt{g
x'G5g\ . qmf]wdf k|]d x'g ;Sb}g / lj>fdsf] zfGt cj:yfdf qmf]w x'g ;Sb}g .
;gftgLx¿n] s;}nfO{ ;Ddfg JoQm ug{ p;sf] v'§fdf >4fk"j{s cfˆgf] lz/ /fv]/ gdg
ub{5g\ . ;Ddfg ug]{ dgsf] wf/0ffn] lz/nfO{ s;}sf] v'§fdf /fVg' plrt xf] . of] gdg >4f geO{
36\g ;Sb}g . ch{'g ToxL >4fefjn] eGb} 5g\– d z/L/nfO{ xh'/sf] kfpdf /fv]/ Ifdf dfUg
rfxG5' . xfd|f] z/L/ Pp6f ljB't\oGq xf] / x/]s z/L/sf] ultljlw ljB't\af6 ;~rflnt x'G5 .
z/L/df ljB't\sf t/Ëx¿ bf}l8/x]sf x'G5g\ . xfd|f] z/L/ Ps k|sf/sf] Aof6«L xf] h;df ljB't\
rln/x]sf] 5 . o:t} u'?sf] r/0fdf lz/ /fVg' ljB't\;Fu hf]l8g' xf] . u'?sf] r/0fdf lz/ /fVg]lalQs}
pgsf] ljB't\wf/f lz/sf] dfWodaf6 z/L/df k|jflxt x'g yfN5 . ljB't\ aflx/ k|jflxt x'g xft /
v'§fsf cf}+nfx¿ pko'Qm :yfg x'g\ / ljB't\ u|x0f ug{ uf]n :yfg rflxg] x'Fbf lz/ pko'Qm :yfg xf] .
lzion] u'?r/0fdf lz/ /fVbf u'?sf] cfzLjf{b:j¿k p7]sf xftsf cf+}“nfx¿af6 ljB't\t/ª\u k|jflxt
x'G5 / lz/af6 lzion] ljB't\t/Ë u|x0f u5{ . lziosf] lz/ u'?sf] r/0fdf ck{0f ug{' g} u'?sf]
r/0f;Fu ljB't\ pmhf{sf nflu hf]l8g' xf] . ;fFRr} >4fsf] efj hlGdPdf u'?sf] r/0f / xftsf
cf}+“nfx¿af6 cnu k|sf/sf] t/Ë cfˆgf] z/L/df au]sf] cg'ej x'g] 5 / lziosf] lz/ zfGt x'g
yfNg] 5 . To;}n] ch{'g s[i0fsf] r/0fdf >4fk"j{s lz/ /fv]/ dfkmL dflu/x]sf 5g\ .

nf]suLtf– 501
cWofo–!!
ch{'gn] eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf] ljs/fn ¿kdf w]/} z"/jL/ of]4fx¿ d[To'sf] d'vdf k|j]z u/]sf],
b]jtfx¿ klg qflxdfd\ ePsf] b]Vf] t/ cfˆgf] d[To' b]v]gg\ / To;sf] pNn]v klg u/]gg\ lsgeg] s'g}
klg JolQm cfˆgf] d[To' b]Vg ;Sb}g . d[To' aflx/ 3l6t x'G5, leq t d[To' 3l6t g} x'Fb}g . To;}n]
d[To' ;w}+“ c¿sf] dfq b]Vg ;lsG5 . dg'io ;w}“+ a]xf];Ldf d[To' k|fKt u5{ . k"0f{ xf];df d[To' 3l6t
ePdf Tof] cd[tsf] hfgsf/L x'g ;S5 . JolQmsf] r]tgf slxNo} db}{g . z/L/ / Tof] gdg]{ tŒj
cnu x'g\ . ch{'gsf] z/L/n] d[To'nfO{ k|fKt ug]{ 5 t/ Tof] z/L/eGbf leqsf] ch{'g d[To'eGbf aflx/
x'G5 . Tof] cfTdf b]Vg]jfnf ›i6f xf] . p;n] d[To'nfO{ s]jn x]b{5 . To;}n] ch{'gnfO{ cfˆgf] d[To'sf]
ljrf/ klg ePg . x/]s lbg s}og\ JolQmx¿sf] d[To' ePsf] b]v]/ klg xfdL cfkm" d5f}{+ eGg] s'/f
;f]Rb}gf“}+ . c¿ d5{g\ t/ d dlb{gF eGg] xfdLdf e/f];f x'G5 . of] e/f];f Tof] cfGtl/s s]G›sf]
k|ltkmn xf] hxfF d[To' slxNo} k|j]z g} ub}{g, p;sf] aflx/ dfq d[To' 3l6t x'G5 . t;y{ JolQmn]
cfˆgf] d[To'sf] sNkgf klg ub}{g . h;n] xf];df cfˆgf] d[To' b]V5 p;n] Tof] cd[tsf] bz{g kfpF5 .
xfd|f] cfj/0f hlGdG5 / d5{ t/ leqsf] Tof] tŒj slxNo} hlGdFb}g / db}{g . of] s]jn cg'ejaf6
dfq hfGg ;lsG5 . d/0fwdf{ / cd[t s] xf] To;sf] cGt/ hfGg' g} 1fg xf] . z/L/sf] hGd x'G5 /
To;sf] d[To' klg x'G5 t/ xfd|f] hGd klg x'Fb}g / d[To' klg x'Fb}g cyf{t\ xfd|f] s]G›:j¿k cfTdfsf]
hGd klg x'Fb}g / d[To' klg x'Fb}g .
cb[i6k"j{+ Åliftf]˜l:d b[i6\jf
eo]g r k|Jolyt+ dgf] d] .
tb]j d] bz{o b]j¿k+–
k|;Lb b]j]z hulGgjf; ..$%..
d}n] klxn] gb]v]sf] xh'/sf] o:tf] cfZro{do ¿k b]v]/ xlif{t eO/x]sf] 5' / d]/f] dg eon]
Jofs'n klg eO/x]sf] 5 . To;}n] x] b]j Û xh'/ dnfO{ cfˆgf] rt'e'h { ljZj¿k g} b]vfOlbg'xf];\ . x]
b]j]z Û x] hulGgjf; Û k|;Gg x'g'xf];\ ..
ls/Ll6g+ ulbg+ rqmx:t–
ldR5fld Tjf+ b|i6'dx+ ty}j .
t]g}j ¿k]0f rt'e{'h]g
;x;|afxf] ej ljZjd"t]{ ..$^..
x] lji0f' Û d xh'/n] d's'6 wf/0f u/]sf] tyf ubf / rqm xftdf lnPsf] ¿k x]g{ rfxG5' .
To;}n] x] ljZj¿k Û x] ;x;|afxf] Û xh'/ ToxL rt'e{'h ¿kdf k|s6 x'g'xf];\ ..
>L eujfg'jfr
dof k|;Gg]g tjfh{'g]b+–
¿k+ k/+ blz{tdfTdof]uft\ .
t]hf]do+ ljZjdgGtdfB+–
oGd] TjbGo]g g b[i6k"j{d\ ..$&..
ch{'gsf] k|fy{gf ;'g]/ eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] eGg'eof]– x] ch{'g Û cg'u|xk"j{s d}n] cfˆgf]
of]uzlQmsf] k|efjn] of] d]/f] k/d t]hf]do ;a}sf] cflb / ;Ldf/lxt lj/f6\ ¿k ltdLnfO{ b]vfPF, Tof]
ltdLl;jfo klxn] s;}n] b]v]sf] 5}g ..

nf]suLtf– 502
 cWofo–!!
g j]bo1fWoog}g{ bfg}–
g{ r lqmofleg{ tkf]le?u|}M .
Pj+¿kM zSo cx+ g[nf]s]
b|i6'+ TjbGo]g s'?k|jL/ ..$*..
x] ch{'g Û ltdLafx]s dg'ionf]sdf o;k|sf/sf] ljZj¿k ePsf] …dÚ g j]b / o1sf] cWoogn],
g bfgn], g lqmofn] / g pu| tkn] c¿åf/f b]lvg ;Sg] 5' ..
ch{'g eG5g\– x] ljZjd"t]{ Û d}n] klxn] slxNo} gb]v]sf] of] cfZro{do xh'/sf] ¿k b]v]/ xlif{t
eO/x]sf] 5' / d]/f] dg eon] Jofs'n klg eO/x]sf] 5 . To;}n] x] b]j Û xh'/sf] cfˆgf] rt'e{'h ¿k
d]/f nflu b]vfOlbg'xf];\ . x] b]j]z Û x] hulGgjf; Û x] rt'e{'h Û xh'/ ToxL rt'e{'h ¿kdf o'Qm
x'g'xf];\ . ch{'g >Ls[i0fsf] clt cgf}7f] cToGt cfZro{hgs lj/f6\ ¿k b]v]/ xlif{t, Jofs'n /
eoeLt klg 5g\ . pgL P]Zjo{k"0f{ ¿k b]v]/ xlif{t 5g\ eg] ljs/fn, eofjxk"0f{ d[To'sf] ¿k
dxfsfn b]v]/ eoeLt 5g\ . Tof] lj/f6\ ¿ksf cufl8 cfkm" 5'› ePsf] klg pgnfO{ cg'ej x'Fb} 5 .
;fu/nfO{ b]v]/ yf]kf Jofs'n ePem“}+ ch{'g lj/f6\sf] bz{g kl5 Jofs'n 5g\ . gbLsf nflu c1fg,
cGhfg / ckl/lrt ;fu/df k|j]z ubf{ cfˆgf] cl:tTj ;dfKt x'G5 eg]/ ;fob gbL ctflnG5
xf]nf . n]agfgsf k|l;4 n]vs vlnn lha|fg (Khalil Gibran) n] n]v]sf 5g\– gbL ;fu/df ldNg]
a]nf kmls{P/ Psk6s x]5{ lsgeg] eljio ckl/lrt / c1ft x'G5 . gbL ;fu/df ldl;Fbf ctLt
;dfKt x'G5 eg]/ eoeLt / c1ft lj/f6\;Fu ldng x'Fb} 5 eg]/ xlif{t klg x'G5 xf]nf Û oxL cj:yf
ch{'gsf] 5 . pgL xlif{t / eoeLt b'j} 5g\ .
To;}n] ch{'gn] s[i0fnfO{ Tof] lj/f6\ ¿k Tofu]/ cfˆgf] rt'e{'h d's'6wf/L, zª\v–ubf–kß–rqm
xftdf wf/0f u/]sf] lji0f'sf ¿kdf k'gM k|s6 x'g k|fy{gf ub}{ 5g\ . pgL xh'/ lkmtf{ eP/ ;Ldfdf
cfOalS;of];\ / c;LdnfO{ ToflualS;of];\ . x] b]j]z Û x] hulGgjf; Û xh'/ k|;Gg xf]OalS;of];\, x]
ljZj¿k Û x] ;x;|afx' Û xh'/ ToxL rt'e{'h ¿kdf o'Qm xf]OalS;of];\ eg]/ k|fy{gf ub{5g\ . lj/f6\
¿k x]g]{ dfu ch{'gs} lyof] . pgL c;Ld ¿ksf] bz{gsf clenfifL lyP / :jod\ k|ToIf cg'ej ug{
rfxGYf] . ca Tof] ljs/fn ¿k b]vL eoeLt eP/ k'gM d's'6 wf/0f u/]sf], zª\v–rqm–ubf–kß
xftdf lnPsf] cfˆgf] rt'e{'h ¿kdf lkmtf{ x'g laGtL ub}{ 5g\ . ch{'g ca k/dfTdfsf] aLeT;
¿kaf6 k"0f{ k|Llts/ ¿ksf] bz{g ug{ rfxG5g\ . pgnfO{ Tof] ljs/fn ¿ksf cufl8 cfkm" t'R5
cg'ej ePsfn] cfk"mn] b]Vg ;Sg] / ;DaGw /fVg ;Sg] ¿kdf kms{g cfu|x ub{5g\ . To;}n] pgL
ToxL ¿kdf s[i0fnfO{ km]l/ kfpg vf]Hb} 5g\ . dg'io klg kfPsf] s'/f Joy{ 7fG5 / x/fPsf] s'/fsf]
dfu u5{ . ch{'g klg To:t} ToxL s[i0fsf] dfu ub}{ 5g\ h;nfO{ pgL 5'g / ;DaGw /fVg rfxG5g\ .
s[i0fsf] lj/f6\ ¿k pgnfO{ ;xg ug{ klg ufx|f] ePsf] 5 .
pklgifb\sf] prfOdf k'u]sf] ;gftg wd{n] c;Ld / lg/fsf/df cTolws lgi7f /fV5 t/ klg
olt w]/} d"lt{x¿ agfpg' / ;fsf/ ¿ksf] k"hf k|fy{gf ug{'sf] sf/0f hfGg] lh1f;f ;f/f ;+;f/df 5 .
;gftg wd{sf dgLifLx¿n] lg/fsf/ ¿k b]v]sf 5g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿n] Tof] dfu{df cfpg vf]Hg]
JolQmx¿sf nflu d"lt{sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf x'g\ lsgeg] lg/fsf/sf] bz{g l;w} ug{' eofjx x'g ;S5 .
k"/f tof/Lljgf ;fws cflQP/ ljlIfKt x'g ;S5 . Tof] ¿ksf] bz{g ug{'k"j{ cfkm" d]l6g k"/f tof/
x'g'k5{ . ha;Dd d]l6g] tof/L k"/f x'Fb}g, ta;Dd ;fsf/ ¿k g} l7s x'G5 . Tof] ;fsf/ ¿ksf] k"hf,
k|fy{gf / cf/fwgf ug{ klg ;/n x'G5 ;fy} Tof] ;fsf/ ¿k;Fu af]Ng, s'/f ug{, ef]hg u/fpg,
efjk"0f{ ljrf/ cleJoQm ug{ klg ;lsG5 . To;}n] lg/fsf/sf] lrGtg ug]{ JolQmn] klg ;fsf/nfO{
x6fPgg\ . cflbzª\s/frfo{ klg z'4 lg/fsf/sf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 t/ pxfF klg d"lt{sf cufl8 gfRg] /
k/dfTdfsf] ehg / sLt{g ufpg] ug{'x'G5 . j]bfGtsf] cWoog u/]sf JolQmx¿ pxfFsf] of] Jojxf/
nf]suLtf– 503
cWofo–!!
lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ 5 eGb5g\ . Psflt/ ;a} dfof xf] eGg] j]bfGtsf] oqf] pkNnf] egfO / ToxL dfof
df]xaf6 lgld{t d"lt{ cufl8 ufpg', gfRg', tNnLg x'g'nfO{ x]bf{ lj/f]wk"0f{ g} b]lvG5 . zª\s/frfo{nfO{
Tof] k/dsf] 1fg 5 / h'g lg/fsf/ ¿k b]Vg'eof] Tof] klg yfxf 5 . t/ h'g JolQmx¿ pxfFsf kl5
nfu]/ cfPsf 5g\, pgLx¿sf ;DaGwdf ljrf/ u/]/ pxfFn] d"lt{sf] ¿kdf ;fsf/sf] k"hf cr{gf
ug{'ePsf] xf] .
ch{'g klg oxL dfu ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgL eujfg\nfO{ cd"t{ ¿kaf6 d"t{ ¿kdf cfpg cfu|x
ub}{ 5g\ . o; k|sf/sf] ch{'gsf] k|fy{gf ;'g]/ eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] eGg'eof]– x] ch{'g Û cg'u|xk"j{s d}n]
cfˆgf] of]uzlQmsf] k|efjn] of] d]/f] k/d t]hf]do, cflb / ;Ldf/lxt lj/f6\ ¿k ltdLnfO{ b]vfPF h'g
ltdLl;jfo klxn] s;}n] b]v]sf] 5}g . ch{'g lj/f6\sf] ¿k b]Vg] klxnf] cg'ejL JolQm eP .
cgGtsfndf cgGt l;4 k'?ifx¿n] k/dfTdfsf] lg/fsf/ ¿ksf] bz{g kfPsf 5g\ . >Ls[i0fåf/f
ch{'gnfO{ of] lj/f6\ ¿k b]vfOPsf] of] klxnf] 36gf xf] . o;eGbf cl3 s[i0fn] s;}nfO{ klg of] lj/f6\
¿ksf] bz{g u/fpg' ePsf] lyPg . ch{'g h:tf] ;dk{0f ePsf] JolQmn] dfq o:tf] lj/f6\ ¿ksf]
bz{g kfpg ;S5 . pgn] olt ;xhefjn] cfkm"nfO{ s[i0f;dIf 5f]l8lbP h'g k|sf/sf] ;dk{0f ug{
cToGt sl7g x'G5 . To;}n] s[i0fn] cfˆgf] k"0f{ ¿ksf] bz{g ch{'gnfO{ u/fpg'eof] / of] s[i0fn] lj/f6\
¿k b]vfPsf] klxnf] 36gf xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– dg'ionf]sdf o;k|sf/sf] ljZj¿k b]Vg kfpg' g j]bsf] cWoogaf6, g
o1af6, g bfgaf6, g lqmofx¿af6 / g pu|tkaf6 g} ;Dej x'G5 / ltdLafx]s c¿n] b]Vg klg
;Dej 5}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– j]bsf] cWoogaf6, o1, bfg, pu| tk / of]usf lqmofx¿ u/]/ klg
lj/f6\sf] bz{g ug{ ;Dej x'Fb}g . of] ;f/f k|lqmof :jod\sf] e/f];faf6 x'G5, h;df JolQmsf] ;dk{0f
dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . ch{'gsf] k|ToIf bz{gsf] 36gf ;ª\sNkn] xf]Og ;dk{0fn] dfq ;Dej eof] . hlt;'s}
of]u;fwgf u/] klg ch{'g h:tf] ;dk{0f ug]{ JolQm aGg ;Sb}g . hut\df ;ª\sNk / ;dk{0f b'O{
k|sf/sf] dfu{ 5, b'j}af6 k/dfTdf k|fKt x'g ;S5 s]jn dfu{ dfq cnu xf] . /fds[i0f k/dx+;
eGg'x'G5M gbL kf/ x'g] b'O{ dfu{ 5g\– Pp6f gfpnfO{ cfkm} rnfP/ gbL kf/ ug{' h'g ;ª\sNksf] dfu{
xf] / csf]{ gbLsf] xfjfsf] lbzf cg';f/ kfnnfO{ vf]Ng' h'g ;dk{0fsf] dfu{ xf] . ch{'gn] kfn vf]n]sf
5g\ pgnfO{ ca s[i0fsf] xfjfn] gbL kf/ u/fpg] 5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– g j]bsf] cWoogn],
g of]usf lqmofx¿n], g bfg, g pu| tkn] g} of] cg'ej x'g;S5, h] ltdLnfO{ ePsf] 5 .
df t] Joyf df r ljd"9efjf]–
b[i6\jf ¿k+ 3f]/dLb[ª\dd]bd\ .
Jok]teLM k|LtdgfM k'g:Tj+–
tb]j d] ¿kldb+ k|kZo ..$(..
d]/f] o;k|sf/sf] ljs/fn ¿k b]v]/ ltdLnfO{ Jofs'ntf / d"9 efj klg x'g'x'bF }g . ltdL
eo/lxt k|Llto'Qm dg ePsf] x'“bf d]/f] of] zª\v, rqm, ubf, kßo'Qm rt'e{'h ¿knfO{ km]l/ x]/ ..
;~ho pjfr
OToh{'g+ jf;'b]j:tyf]STjf
:js+ ¿k+ bz{ofdf; e"oM .
cfZjf;ofdf; r eLtd]g+–
e"Tjf k'gM ;f}Dojk'd{xfTdf ..%)..
;~hon] eg]– eujfg\ jf;'b]jn] ch{'gnfO{ o:ff] eg]/ km]l/ cfˆgf] To:t} rt'e{'h ¿ksf] bz{g
u/fpg'eof] . dxfTdf >Ls[i0fn] ;f}Do d"lt{sf ¿kdf eoeLt ch{'gnfO{ ;xhtf lbg'eof] ..

nf]suLtf– 504
 cWofo–!!
ch{'g pjfr
b[i6\j]b+ dfg'if+ ¿k+ tj ;f}Do+ hgfb{g .
ObfgLdl:d ;+j[QM ;r]tfM k|s[lt+ utM ..%!..
ch{'gn] eg]– x] hgfb{g Û xh'/sf] of] clt zfGt dg'iosf] ¿k b]v]/ ca d l:ytlrQsf] ePsf]
5' / cfˆgf] :jfefljs l:yltdf k|fKt ePsf] 5' ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d]/f] ljs/fn ¿k b]v]/ ltdLdf Jofs'ntf / d"9 efj b'j} gxf];\, To;}n]
eo /lxt / k|Llto'Qm dg ePsf ltdL ToxL d]/f] zª\v, rqm, ubf / kß xftdf wf/0f u/]sf] rt'e{'h
¿knfO{ km]l/ x]/ . d ltdLn] dfu u/] adf]lhd cfˆgf] ;fsf/ / ;u'0f ¿kdf kms]{/ cfpF5' h;n]
ltdLnfO{ ;Gtf]if ldNn] 5 . dg'io lj/f6\af6 pTkGg x'G5 / xfdL p;s} Ps nx/ / t/ª\u xf}+“ .
To;}n] lj/f6\ / dg'iosf] ;DaGw cfdf5f]/f h:tf] x'G5 . pxL xfd|f] JolQmTj xf] . cfdfsf] sf]vdf
;Gtfgsf] e/0f kf]if0f x'G5 / p;sf] Zjf; klg cfdfaf6 g} rN5 . cfdfsf] k|f0f g} p;sf] k|f0f
x'G5 . aRrfsf] hGdkZrft\ cfdfsf] Ps efu cgGt ofqfdf lgl:sG5 cyf{t\ aRrf hxfF /x] klg
cfdf;Fu ;"Id tGt'x¿af6 pm hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . cfdf ;Gtfgdf g} hlGdlG5g\ / pgsf] hLjg
;Gtfg;Fu} cufl8 k}mlnG5 .
cl:tTj / xfd|f larsf] ;DaGw cfdf / ;GtfgeGbf klg ulx/f] x'G5 . xfdL cl:tTjs} efu
xf}F / cl:tTj xfdLdf km}lnPsf] 5 . To;}n] cl:tTj xfdLnfO{ cfdf h:t} b'v lbg / eoeLt ug{
rfxFb}g . hLjgn] xfdLnfO{ cfgGbsf] k"/f df}sf / ;fdYo{ lbG5 t/ xfdL g} pk›j u/]/ cl:tTj /
cfdfsf lar pleP/ afFwf aG5f}“ . cl:tTj;Fu xfdL ha ulx/f] ¿kdf k|fy{gf / k|]dk"j{s lgj]bg
u5f}{+, ta To;nfO{ p;n] ;'Gb5 . pm alx/f] / ÅboxLg 5}g, p;n] k|]dsf] efiff /fd|/L a'‰5 .
>Ls[i0f h'g cfˆgf] rt'e{'h ¿kdf kmls{+b} x'g'x'G5 Tof] o;}sf] ;"rs xf] . oxL wd{ / lj1fgsf] e]b
xf] . lj1fgn] cl:tTjk|lt uxg pk]Iff efj /fVb5 eg] wd{n] cl:tTjk|lt uxg d}qLsf] efj /fVb5 .
xfdL ;a} p;}af6 pTkGg x'G5f}“ / p;}df nLg x'G5f}“ . of] ;a} p;sf] g} v]n xf] / cl:tTj k|ltkn
xfdLk|lt ;hu / Åbok"0f{ 5 .
JolQmaf6 h:tf] df}g k|fy{gf x'G5 To;}cg'¿k cl:tTjn] s[To u5{ cyf{t\ ulx/f] efjdf
cl:tTj To:t} u/]/ cfgGbk"j{s /fhL x'G5 . s[i0f k'gM cfˆgf] ;fsf/ ¿kdf lkmtf{ cfpF5' eGg' o;}
s'/fsf] k|tLs xf] . xfd|f] cg'lrt / lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ dfusf sf/0fn] cl:tTj klg cK7\of/f]df k5{ .
xfd|f jf;gfx¿ g} lj/f]wL x'G5g\ ;fy} xfd|f dfux¿ Pscsf{nfO{ sfl6/x]sf x'G5g\ . cl:tTjn] xfd|f ]
dfu k"/f u5{ t/ xfd|f] dfu g} clglZrt 5 . laxfgsf] dfu a]n'sL;Dd kl/jt{g eO;S5 . To;}n]
;a} dfu Ps;fy k"/f ePdf JolQm ljlIfKt g} x'G5 . wd{df ulx/f] k|j]z ePsf JolQmx¿ dg'iosf]
dfu k"/f x'g' g} dg'iosf] sl7gfO xf] eGg] hfGb5g\ . t;y{ xfdLn] ;f]r–ljrf/ u/]/ dfq dfu ug{'
pko'Qm x'G5 . xfdLn] s]xL gdfuL p;}nfO{ 5f]l8lbg' / ltd|f] dhL{ k"/f xf];\ eGg'df g} xfd|f] lxt
x'G5 . ;dk{0fsf] cy{ klg oxL xf] . s]xL gdfUg] JolQmnfO{ cl:tTjn] ;f]r]eGbf w]/} cfkm}“ lbG5 .
;~ho eGb5g\– x] /fhg\ Û jf;'b]jn] olt eg]/ cfˆgf] rt'e{'h ¿ksf] bz{g lbg'eof] /
dxfTdf >Ls[i0fn] ;f}Do d"lt{ eP/ eoeLt ePsf ch{'gnfO{ w}o{ k|bfg ug{'eof] . ;~ho oxfF
>Ls[i0fnfO{ k/dfTdf geg]/ dxfTdf zAbn] ;Daf]wg ub}{ 5g\ lsgeg] c;Ld x'Fbf pxfF k/dfTdfsf]
¿k x'g'x'GYof] eg] ;Ldfdf ;fsf/ / rt'e{'h ¿kdf k|s6 x'g] lalQs} pxfF dxfTdf x'g'eof]≤ To;}n]
;~hon] eujg\ zAb 5f]8]/ dxfTdf eGg'eof] . k/dfTdf / dxfTdfdf oxL km/s 5– k/dfTdf xfd|f]
OR5f cg'¿k rNb}g xfdL g} p;sf] OR5fcg';f/ rNg'k5{ . dxfTdf bofn] el/Psf] x'Fbf xfdLnfO{ w}o{

nf]suLtf– 505
cWofo–!!
/ zflGt lbg xfd|f] OR5f cg's"n klg rNb5 . ha xfdL ;dfKt x'g tof/ x'G5f“},+ ta k/dfTdf;Fu
xfd|f] ldng ;Dej x'G5 . xfd|f] cg's"nsf] O{Zj/sf] ¿k dxfTdf xf] .
>Ls[i0fnfO{ xfdL k"0f{ cjtf/ eG5f}“ lsgeg] w]/} 7fpFdf pxfF xfd|f] cg's"n x'g'x'Gg . /fd xfd|f]
cg's"n x'gfn] pxfFnfO{ cf+lzs cjtf/ eG5f}“ . xfdL /fd / ;Ltfsf] ;DaGw a'‰g ;S5f}“ t/ s[i0f /
uf]lkgLx¿sf] ;DaGw a'‰g ;Sb}gf}“ . /fddf q'l6 vf]Hg d'l:sn 5 t/ s[i0fdf rfx]df xfdL k|z:t
q'l6x¿ vf]Hg ;S5f}“ . >Ls[i0f t k"0f{ cjtf/ x'g'x'G5, To;}n] xfd|f] pxfF;Fu s'g} d]n g} 5}g . ;~ho
eG5g\– s[i0fn] ;f}Dod"lt{sf ¿kdf ch{'gnfO{ bz{g lbP/ w}o{ k|bfg ug{'eof] . tTf\kZrft\\ ch{'g
eG5g\– x] hgfb{g Û xh'/sf] of] ;f}Do, zfGt dg'iosf] ¿knfO{ b]v]/ ca d zfGt lrQsf] ePsf] 5' /
cfˆgf] :jefjnfO{ k|fKt u/]sf] 5' . dg'iosf] :jefj ;zt{ x'G5, To;}n] ch{'gsf] :jefj klg o:t}
5 . s[i0fnfO{ rt'e{'h ¿kdf lkmtf{ cfpg'xf];\ eGg] pgsf] dfu lyof] . ;f]xL dfu cg'¿k >Ls[i0f
cfˆgf] ¿kdf cfpg'eof] / ch{'g cfˆgf] :jefjdf k|fKt eP .
;fws / eQmdf oxL km/s x'G5 . ;fws k/dfTdfsf] vf]hdf cfkm"nfO{ kl/jt{g u/]/ gofF
b[li6 pTkGg u/]/ ltdL h:tf], h'g ¿kdf 5f}, ToxL ¿kdf x]g]{ 5' eG5 . ;fws ;ª\sNkn] cfkm"nfO{
kl/jt{g u/]/ h'g lbg zfGt, z'4 / z"Go cj:yfdf x'G5 Tof] lbg ;TonfO{ b]Vg ;S5 . eQm
cfkm"nfO{ abNg] d]/f] s'g} ;fdYo{ 5}g, To;}n] ltdLn] rfXof} eg] dfq d ablng ;S5' / ha;Dd
ltdLn] dnfO{ abNb}gf}, ta;Dd ltdL d}n] hfGg] a'‰g] ¿kdf k|s6 xf]pm eG5 . eQmn] ;dk{0fk"j{s
cfkm"h:tf] 5 To:t} ¿kdf k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf cfkm"nfO{ 5f]8\5 . k/dfTdfsf] vf]hsf log} b'O{ dfu{
x'g\ . e8\sgaf6 aRg / ;Tosf] glhs k'Ug s'g dfu{ cfˆgf nflu plrt 5 Tof] JolQmn] cfkm}
hfFRg'k5{ .
xfd|f] vf]h xfdLleq g} l:yt 5 . ha;Dd vf]h hf/L /xG5, ta;Dd ;To k|fKt ug{ ;lsGg
t/ ljgf k|of; kfOG5 eGg] ;f]rn] r'krfk a;]/ klg ;To k|fKt ug{ ;lsGg . ha ;f/f vf]h
;dfKt x'G5 / vf]Hg] jfnf klg /xFb}g, ToxL If0f k/dfTdf cfkm"df g} ePsf] kfpF5 lsgeg] ;b}j pm
vf]Hg] jfnfsf] cGt/–cfTdfd} l:yt x'G5 . p;nfO{ h;n] vf]h]sf] 5}g p;n] r]i6f 5f]8\g'x'Fb}g
lsgeg] r]i6f 5f]8\gnfO{ klg klxn] r]i6f t ug{' g} k5{ . To;}n] j]bdf, zf:qdf, bfgdf, pu| tkdf
/ lqmofx¿df dnfO{ kfpFb}gf} eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . s[i0fn] oL ;a s'/fdf pxfFnfO{ vf]hL ug{]
JolQmx¿ / xfdL h:tf] vf]h gug]{ JolQmx¿sf nflu eGg'ePsf] xf] . j]b k9]/ j]bdf k/dfTdf
kfOGg, zf:q k9]/ zf:qaf6 k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;lsGg eGg] 1fg ePdf Tof] 7'nf] pknlAw x'G5 .
r]i6f u/]kZrft\\ r]i6fn] dfq s]xL kfOGg eGg] 1fg x'G5 . Pp6f c1fg 1fgeGbf klxn] x'G5 / csf]{
c1fg 1fgkl5 x'G5 . 1fgeGbf klxn] cfpg] c1fg dfq c1fg xf] / 1fgkl5 cfpg] c1fg t
lrQsf] lgbf]{iftf xf] .
xfdLn] bz lbzfx¿ x'G5g\ eg]/ ;'g]sf 5f}“ t/ hfGg]jfnf P3f/f}“ lbzf x'G5 eGb5g\ . ha
bz lbzf Joy{ x'G5, ta JolQm P3f/f}“ lbzf leqsf] r]tgfsf] lbzfdf k|j]z u5{ / leq k/dnfO{
kfpg ;S5 . ha hfGg]jfnf / hfGg'kg]{ b'j} aRb}gg\ ta k/d 1fg 3l6t x'G5 . ha b[Zo / ›i6f,
1ftf / 1]o b'j} ;dfKt x'G5, s]jn 1fg / hfGg' dfq /xG5 Tof] 1fgsf] clGtd 38LnfO{ k/d 1fg
elgG5 . dxfjL/n] o;nfO{ s}jNo cyf{t\ s]jn 1fg eGg'ePsf] 5 . lxGb"x¿ b]jLb]jtfsf] pT;j
dgfpF5g\ / cGtdf hndf lj;h{g ub{5g\ h'g Pp6f k|tLs xf] . d"lt{nfO{ cGtdf lj;h{g u/] h:t}
;fsf/ ¿knfO{ lj;h{g u/]/ lg/fsf/df km8\sf] dfg]{ lxDdt ug'{k5{ . To;}n] lxGb"x¿ k/dfTdfnfO{
agfpF5g\ / lj;h{g ub{5g\ h'g cGo s'g} wd{df Tof] lxDdt 5}g .

nf]suLtf– 506
 cWofo–!!
ch{'g s[i0fsf] lj/f6\ ¿ksf] bz{gsf cfsfª\IfL lyP / pgsf] >4fk"0f{ ;dk{0fn] Tof] ;Dej
eof] . ch{'gnfO{ lbJorIf' lbP/ s[i0fn] lj/f6\ :j¿kdf cg]s ¿ksf] bz{g lbg'eof] . P]Zjo{ ¿kn]
s[ts[To kfg{'eof] eg] k|sfzdo ¿k / d[To'sf] dxfsfnsf] ¿kn] ch{'gnfO{ Jofs'n klg kfg{'eof] /
cGtdf eoeLt ePsf ch{'gn] cfˆgf] zª\v, rqm, ubf / kß lnPsf] rt'e{'h ¿kdf lkmtf{ cfpg
laGtL u/] . h'g laGtL >Ls[i0fn] t'?Gt} pgsf] Jofs'ntf sd ug{ :jLsf/ ug{'eof] / cfˆgf] rt'e{'h
lbJo ¿ksf] bz{g lbg'eof] h'g bz{g ug{ clt b'n{e 5 .
>Leujfg'jfr
;'b'b{z{ldb+ ¿k+ b[i6jfgl; oGdd .
b]jf cKo:o ¿k:o lgTo+ bz{gsfª\lIf0fM ..%@..
o;k|sf/ ch{'gsf] jrg ;'g]/ eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– x] ch{'g Û d]/f] rt'e{'h ¿k h'g ltdLn]
b]v]sf 5f}, o;sf] bz{g clt b'n{e 5 . b]jtfx¿ klg ;bf of] ¿ksf] bz{gsf] cfsfª\Iff /fVb5g\ ..
gfx+ j]b}g{ tk;f g bfg]g g r]Hoof .
zSo Pj+lawf] b|i6'+ b[i6jfgl; df+ oyf ..%#..
h'g k|sf/ ltdLn] dnfO{ b]v]sf 5f} To;k|sf/sf] rt'e{'h ePsf] …dÚ g j]bn], g tkn], g bfgn]
/ g o1n] g} b]lvg ;S5' ..
eSTof TjgGoof zSo cxd]j+lawf]˜h{'g .
1ft'+ b|i6'+ r tŒj]g k|j]i6'+ r k/Gtk ..%$..
t/ x] k/Gtk ch{'g Û o;k|sf/ d]/f] rt'e{'h ¿k b]Vgsf nflu cgGo elQm rflxG5 . s]jn
oxL elQmn] dnfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGg, Ps} efjn] k|fKt x'g tyf …dÚdf k|j]z ug{ ;Sg] 5f} ..
dTsd{s[GdTk/df] d∫QmM ;Ëjlh{tM .
lgj}{/M ;j{e"t]if' oM ; dfd]lt kf08j ..%%..
x] ch{'g Û h'g k'?if s]jn d]/f nflu ;Dk"0f{ st{Jo sd{ ub{5, hf] d]/f] k/fo0f, eQm /
cf;lQm/lxt 5 Tof] cgGo elQmo'Qm k'?if dnfO{ g} k|fKt x'G5 ..
ch{'gsf] jrgnfO{ ;'g]/ >Ls[i0f eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– x] ch{'g Û d]/f] of] rt'e{'h ¿k b]Vg
clt b'n{e 5 . h;nfO{ ltdLn] b]Vof}, Tof] x]g{ b]jtfx¿ klg OR5f ub{5g\ . rt'e{'h ¿k s[i0fsf]
;fdfGo ¿k xf]Og . c¿ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf pxfF b'O{ e'hf ePsf cGo dg'io;/x g} x'g'x'G5 t/
ch{'gsf] rfxgf:j¿k >Ls[i0fn] cfˆgf] rt'e{'h ¿ksf] bz{g lbg'eof] . of] rf/ xft Pp6f k|tLs xf]
To:t} xhf/f}“ xft ePsf k/dfTdfsf] sNkgf klg Pp6f k|tLs g} xf] . cfdfn] aRrfnfO{ b'O{ xftn]
p7fpFbf;Dd Tof] dg'iosf] k|]d x'G5 / rf/xftn] dg'ionfO{ p7fpFbf Tof] k/dfTdfsf] k|]d x'G5 .
k/dfTdf bf]xf]/f] cy{df xfd|f] cfdf xf] . p;n] xfdLnfO{ o; hut\df t ;XDffn]sf] g} 5 / p;n] Tof]
hut\df klg ;≈dfNg] 5 h'g of] hut\sf] kf/ 5 . To;}n] k/dfTdfsf] rf/ xft k|tLs ag]sf] xf] .
;fy} k/dfTdfn] rf/} lbzfaf6 klg xfdLnfO{ ;XDffN5 / p;sf xftdf xfdL ;'/lIft x'G5f}+ . s[i0fsf]
rt'e{'h ¿k ch{'gsf] dfucg'¿k k|s6 ePsf] xf] lsgeg] ch{'g cfdfsf] ue{df h:tf] ;'/lIft
cj:yfdf x'g rfxG5g\ . cfdfsf] ue{df aRrf df]Ifsf] cj:yfdf x'G5 / h] rfxG5, ToxL k|fKt x'G5
;fy} pm k"0f{ ;'/lIft klg x'G5 . ch{'g ToxL ;'/lIft cj:yfdf /xg s[i0fsf] ljz]if k|]d cyf{t\
rt'e{'h ¿ksf] dfu ub}{ 5g\ .
>Ls[i0fsf] cnf}lss, eofgs, lj/f6\ ¿kaf6 cflQP/ ch{'gn] s[i0f;Fu rt'e{'h ¿kdf bz{g
lbP/ cfkm"nfO{ ;XDffNg laGtL u/]sf x'g\ . pgL s[i0fsf] rf/ xft ePsf] :j¿kdf of] hut\ /
o;eGbf k/ klg ;'/lIft x'g rfxG5g\ . rt'e{'h:j¿k bz{g lbPkl5 >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltd|f nflu

nf]suLtf– 507
cWofo–!!
h'g rt'e{'h ¿ksf] bz{g lbPF Tof] clt b'n{e 5 / of] ¿k x]g{ b]jtfx¿ klg nfnflot x'G5g\ . x]
ch{'g Û ltdLn] …dÚdf b]v]sf] rt'e{'h¿k g b]jn], g tkn], g bfgn] / g o1n] b]Vg ;Dej x'G5 . x]
>]i7 tkjfnf ch{'g Û elQmefj u/]/ ltdLn] of] rt'e{'h ¿k b]Vg / tŒjk"j{s hfGg ;Dej ePsf]
xf] . of] cg'ej k|]dsf] cg'ej xf] h'g tkåf/f x'g ;Sb}g . of] rt'e{'h ¿k t k|]defj / cgGo
elQmn] dfq k|fKt x'G5 . eQmsf] cj:yfcg'¿k g} ;Tosf] bz{g x'G5 . cgGo efjn] /;k"j{s
el/Psf] JolQmn] k|]defjs} bz{g kfpF5 . ;dk{0fsf] efjljgf tk;fwgfåf/f s;}n] klg of] k|]d ¿ksf]
bz{g ug{ ;Sb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– tkaf6 Tof] ¿ksf] bz{g kfOFb}g, tk:jLx¿ Tof] ¿ksf] dfu klg ub}{gg\ .
dxfjL/n] rt'e{'h ¿ksf] sNkgf;Dd klg ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg t/ ch{'g rt'e{'h ¿ksf], k|]dsf], cfdfsf]
Åbo h:t} ;Tosf] dfu ub{5g\ . ch{'g cl:tTjnfO{ cfdfsf] ¿kdf x]g{ vf]H5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
h;n] cgGo elQm / k|]dn] af]nfpF5 p;sf nflu d ToxL ¿kdf k|ToIf k|s6 x'G5' . k|ToIf dfq x'g]
xf]Og p;n] dnfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGg, ddf k|j]z ug{ / d;Fu Ps x'g klg ;S5 . x] ch{'g Û h'g k'?if
d]/f nflu ;a} s'/f d]/f] ;Dem]/ ;Dk"0f{ st{Jo sd{nfO{ ub}{ d]/f] k/fo0f x'G5 tyf d]/f] eQm hf] :qL,
;Gtfg, wgflb ;Dk"0f{ ;f+;fl/s kbfy{x¿df :g]x/lxt 5 / ;Dk"0f{ e"t k|f0fLx¿df j}/efjn] z"Go 5
eg] o:tf] cgGo efj ePsf] k'?ifn] dnfO{ g} k|fKt ub{5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] ;Dk"0f{ s'/f …dÚ df
5f]8\5, p;n] dnfO{ k|fKt u5{ . h;n] cgGo efjn] k|To]s sd{nfO{ d]/} sfd 7fg]/ u5{, hf] …dÚdf
k"0f{ ;dlk{t / cf;lQm/lxt 5≤ kTgL, ;Gtfg wgflbdf klg cf;lQm /fVb}g eg] To:tf] JolQmn] dnfO{
kfpF5 / d klg p;nfO{ TolQs} k|]d u5{' .
:qL ;Gtfgdf cf;lQm gx'g'sf] cy{ pgLx¿nfO{ k|]d gug{' eGg] xf]Og . k|]d gubf{ t To:tf]
k|]d ;'s]/ Joy{ eP/ k/dfTdf;Dd k'Ug} ;Sb}g . o;sf] cy{ :qL cyjf ;Gtfg;Fu k|]d ubf{ klg
To;nfO{ s[i0fsf] k|]d 7fg]/ ug{'k5{ . k|]dnfO{ x6fpg] xf]Og cfkm"nfO{ x6fpg'k5{ . olb xfdL ;a} sd{
p;sf] eg]/ 7fG5f}“ eg] k|]d klg p;}sf] 7fGg' eGg] s[i0fsf] clek|fo xf] . :qL / k'?ifsf 7fpFdf
s[i0fnfO{ b]Vg;s] ;f/f k|]d k/dfTdfnfO{ ;dlk{t x'G5 . sltko JolQmx¿n] o;sf] unt JofVof klg
u/]sf 5g\ . :qLk|lt cf;lQm g/fVg' eGg] unt JofVof klg ePsf] 5 . s[i0fsf] clek|fo t :qL /
k'?ifnfO{ klg s[i0fnfO{ k|]d u/]sf] ;Dem]/ ug{' eGg] xf] . o;df :qL of ;GtfgnfO{ 3[0ff ug{' eGg]
sbflk xf]Og .
h;;Fu klg k|]d x'Fbf To;df k/dfTdf vf]Hg ;''? ug{'k5{ ta la:tf/} Tof] k|]d lj:tf/ eP/
k/dfTdf;Dd k'Ug] 5 / k|]dsf] ulx/fO k|fy{gf aGg] 5 . ha k|]d k"0f{ x'G5, ToxfF k/dfTdf pknAw
x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– dnfO{ ;Dem]/ k|]d hxfF lbP klg Tof] k|]d dsxfF g} cfOk'U5 . ha
;f/f cf;lQm, hLjgsf ;f/f k|]dwf/f k/dfTdftkm{ aUg yfN5g\, To; lbg hut\df s'g} j}/efj
/xFb}g . ha ;+;f/df j}/efj ;dfKt eP/ k|]defj ulx/f] x'G5 ta Tof] k|]dsf] wf/f k/dfTdfsxfF k'Ug]
5.
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' aXdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>L s[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] ljZj¿kbz{gof]uf]
gfd}sfbzf]˜WofoM ..!!..

nf]suLtf– 508
 cWofo–!!

nf]suLtf– 509
cWofo–!!

nf]suLtf– 510
 cWofo–!@
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
afx|f}+ cWofo
elQmof]uM

ch{'g pjfr
Pj+ ;tto'Qmf o] eQmf:Tjf+ ko{'kf;t] .
o] rfKoIf/dJoSt+ t]iff+ s] of]uljQdfM ..!..
eujfg\sf jrgnfO{ ;'g]/ ch{'gn] eg]– x] eujg\ s[i0f Û hf] cgGo k|]dL eQmhg lg/Gt/
xh'/sf] ehg / Wofgdf nfu]/ xh'/nfO{ clt >]i7 efjn] pkf;gf u5{g\ / hf] cljgfzL
;lRrbfgGb3g lg/fsf/nfO{ pkf;gf u5{g\, oL b'j} k|sf/sf eQmx¿df clt pQd of]uj]Qf sf] x'g\ <
>Leujfg'jfr
dØofj]Zo dgf] o] df+ lgToo'Qmf pkf;t] .
>4of k/of]k]tf:t] d] o'Qmtdf dtfM ..@..
o;k|sf/ ch{'gn] ;f]w]kl5 >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û …dÚdf dgnfO{ Psfu| u/]/ lg/Gt/ d]/f]
ehgdf / Wofgdf nflu/x]sf h'g eQmhg k/d >4fn] o'Qm eP/ …dÚ;u'0f ¿k k/d]Zj/nfO{
eHb5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ …dÚ of]uLx¿df clt pQd of]uL dfGb5' ..
hut\nfO{ a'l4n] / Åbon] hfGg ;lsG5 . Åbosf] hut\df a'l4sf] s'g} sfd x'Fb}g . a'l4nfO{
5f]8]df dfq Åbosf] åf/ v'n]/ elQmsf] ofqf ;'? x'G5 . xfd|f] leq / aflx/ hfg] åf/ Pp6} 5 . xfdL
k|]daf6} hut\df k|j]z u5f}{+ / k|]daf6} aflx/ klg hfg ;S5f+}“ . k|]d o:tf] 36gf xf], hxfF k|]dL
Pscsf{df 8'a]/ Ps x'G5g\ . k|]dsf] lbzf pN6f] eP/ au]df elQm aG5 / hut\af6 r}tGolt/
df]l8Pdf >4f aG5 . >4f cGwf] k|]d xf] . k|]d ;+;f/lt/ aUbf jf;gf aG5 eg] k/dfTdflt/ aUbf
>4f / elQm aG5 . k|]dh:t} elQm klg cGwf] x'G5 . a'l4dfg\ JolQmsf nflu elQmsf] dfu{ pko'Qm
x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f o; Znf]sdf elQm l;jfo cGo s'g} >]i7 dfu{ 5}g eGg'x'G5 . a'l4n] hlt k|of; u/]
klg cxª\sf/sf] kf/ hfg ;Sb}g t/ elQm klxnf] If0fdf g} cxª\sf/nfO{ kf/ ub{5 lsgeg] ToxfF
;dk{0f x'G5 . …dÚ nfO{ 5f]8]/ ltdLnfO{ kfpg' g}+ elQm xf] . b'O{ eP/ klg Pssf] cg'ej ePdf
ldngsf] 36gf 36\5 / ToxL ldng elQm xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f elQmof]unfO{ ;j{>]i7 of]u eGg'x'G5 .
xfdL k/dfTdf;Fu xfd|f] ldng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g egL ;f]Rb5f}F, h'g xfd|f] e|flGt xf] lsgeg] of]
ldngsf nflu k/dfTdf ;bf tof/ 5, xfdL g} o;sf nflu afwf ag]sf 5f}+ . k/dfTdf xfdLnfO{
vf]lh/x]sf] 5 t/ xfd|f sf/0fn] ldng x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . k/dfTdf xfd|f] k|tLIff ul//x]sf] 5 s]jn
xfdLn] Ps sbddfq cl3 a9fpg'kb{5 ta lgM;Gb]x ldng x'g] 5 . k/dfTdf cgGt;Dd k|tLIff ug{
;S5 lsgeg] p;;Fu cgGt ;do x'G5 t/ xfdL;Fu ;do sd x'G5 . elQm Ps km8\sf]d} sbd
p7fpg ;S5 t/ 1fgnfO{ Tof] Ps sbdsf nflu xhf/f}“ sbd p7fpg'k5{ . 1fgn] s}of}“ sbdkl5
klg cGtdf Tof] Ps sbd p7fpg} k5{, h'g elQmn] klxnf] sbddf g} p7fO;s]sf] x'G5 . Tof]
cxª\sf/ lj;h{gsf] sbd xf] . 1fgLn] cfˆgf] 1fgL x'g] cl:dtfnfO{ lj;h{g gu/L cufl8 a9\g
;Sb}g . eQm klxnf] sbddf g} cxª\sf/ lj;h{g u5{ eg] 1fgL clGtd sbddf dfq cxª\sf/
la;h{g u5{ . 1fgL zf:q Pjd\ l;4fGtx¿df e8\lsG5 / ha;Dd o;af6 yfSb}g, ta;Dd e8\ls

nf]suLtf– 511
cWofo–!@
g} /xG5 t/ eQmn] klxnf] sbdd} >4fsf ;fy ;dlk{t eP/ cfkm"nfO{ 5f]l8lbG5 . h'g If0f p;n]
cfkm"nfO{ 5f]l8lbG5 To;} If0f k/dfTdfn] p;nfO{ p7fpF5 . eQm cfˆgf] cb\e't ;fx;n] g} c1ftdf
plqg tof/ x'G5 . elQmof]usf af/]df o; cWofodf k|]dsf] kfunkgsf ;"qx¿ 5g\ . o; l:yltdf
a'l4nfO{ lj;h{g ug{ xfdL ;dy{ ePdf Åbo ultdfg\ eP/ ToxfF t/Ëx¿ p7\g] 5g\ / elQmdfu{lt/
xfd|f] ofqf ;'? x'g] 5 . of] ofqfdf lxF8\g xfdLnfO{ a'l4sf] xf]Og, Åbosf] dfq cfjZostf x'G5 .
o;k|sf/ eujfg\sf jrg ;'g]/ ch{'gn] eg]– x] s[i0f Û hf] cgGo k|]dL eQmhg lg/Gt/
xh'/sf] ehg of Wofgdf nfu]/ xh'/sf] ;u'0f ¿knfO{ clt >]i7efjn] pkf;gf u5{g\ tyf hf]
cljgfzL ;lRrbfgGb3g lg/fsf/sf] pkf;gf u5{g\, oL b'j} k|sf/sf eQmdf clt pQd j]Qf sf]
x'g\ . ch{'g ;f]Wb} 5g\– b'O{ k|sf/sf ;fws JolQmx¿ 5g\, Ps hf] xh'/nfO{ lg/fsf/ b]Vb5g\ hxfF
xh'/ c¿k, lgu{'0f, c;Ld / cgfs[t x'g'x'G5, hxfF xh'/sf] s'g} k|sf/sf] ¿k 5}g / xh'/nfO{ b]Vg /
5'g klg ;lsGg / hxfF xh'/ lj/f6\ / c;Ld zlQm dfq x'g'x'G5 . csf]{ k|sf/sf ;fws JolQm klg
5g\ hf] xh'/nfO{ cgGo k|]dn] eH5g\, Wofg u5{g\, xh'/sf] ;u'0f ¿ksf] pkf;gf u5{g\, xh'/sf
cfsf/sf], cjt/0fsf] cf/fwgf u5{g\, oL b'j}dWo] s'g eQm >]i7 xf] . ch{'g cfkm" cGof]n cj:yfdf
x'Fbf s'g dfu{ pko'Qm x'G5 egL hfGg rfxG5g\ . pgL s[i0fnfO{ d xh'/nfO{ ;fsf/ ¿kdf :kz{ u/]/
k|]d u¿F ls lg/fsf/ ¿kdf xh'/sf] pkf;gf u¿F, ehg Wofgåf/f xh'/sf] k|]ddf nLg agF" cyjf
ljrf/k"j{s lg/fsf/ ¿ksf] Wofg u¿F eg]/ hfGg rfxG5g\ .
;a} ljrf/ ;u'0f xf] / ljrf/n] lgu{'0f;Dd k'Ug ;lsGg . z"Go x'g g;s];Dd lg/fsf/sf]
bz{g x'g ;Sb}g / ha;Dd k|]d x'Fb}g, ;fsf/ ¿ksf] s'g} cg'ej x'g ;Sb}g . ch{'g ;f]Wb} 5g\– of]
b'O{ lg/fsf/ / ;fsf/, ;u'0f / lgu'{0fdWo] s'g dfu{ >]i7 xf] < elQmsf] af6f]df hfg' 5 eg] k|]dn]
k"/f el/g'k5{ / lg/fsf/sf] dfu{ hfg' 5 eg] leq k"/f vfnL x'g'k5{ . p;}af6 k"/f el/g', pxL
Åbodf wl8\sg', p;}n] Zjf; lng' / pxL ljrf/df x'g' elQm xf] . cfkm"df cfkm"h:tf] s]xL gar]/
p;af6 k"0f{ ¿kdf el/P/ Ps /QLe/ :yfg z]if g/xg' cgGo elQm xf] . k/dfTdf;Fusf] k|]ddf kg{'
c;fwf/0f k|]d xf] h;df eQm /QLe/ /xFb}g, s]jn elQm dfq z]if /xG5 . ch{'g o:tf b'O{ ljk/Lt
dfu{dWo] s'g dfu{ >]i7 xf] egL ;f]Wb5g\ . >Ls[i0fn] ha ch{'gnfO{ elQmdfu{ >]i7 xf] eGg'x'G5, ta
Tof] dfu{ ch{'gsf nflu >]i7 dfu{ xf] . ch{'g h:tf cTolws JolQmx¿sf nflu elQmdfu{ >]i7 xf]
lsgeg] lglj{rf/ eP/ z"Go x'g' clt sl7g s'/f xf] . o;sf] t'ngfdf k|]dn] el/g' s]xL ;/n x'G5 .
k|]d Pp6f g};lu{s pb\efjgf xf] / :jfefljs ef]s xf] . k|]ddf clnslt klg pT;'stf gePsf]
JolQmsf nflu eg] lg/fsf/ pko'Qm dfu{ x'G5 . k|]ddf clnslt klg pT;'stf 5 eg] ;fsf/ p;sf
nflu pko'Qm dfu{ x'G5 lsgeg] h] xfd|f] leq x'G5 ToxL af6f] lxF8\g' ;lhnf] / pko'Qm x'G5 .
k|]dljgf dg'io afFRg ;Sb}g . k|]d Zjf; lnPsf] h:tf] lng / lbg ;Sg'k5{ . s'g} aRrfnfO{
ef]hg lbP/ cfdfsf] Gofgf]kg / k|]d glbP p;nfO{ arfpg sl7g x'G5 . dg'iodf k|]dljgf s]xL
tŒj cljsl;t /xG5g\ / tL g} hLjgsf nflu pk›j aGg ;S5g\ . 3[0ff, lx+;f, xTof, qmf]w /
ljWj+; o;s} pbfx/0f x'g\ / logLx¿ ToxL k|]dljgfsf cljsl;t tŒj x'g\ . xfdL ;a} k|]d lng /
lbg rfxG5f}“ / s;}af6 k|]d k|fKt ePdf xfdL d"Nojfg\ ePsf] dx;'; u5f}{+ . k|]dsf cltl/Qm s'g}
s'/f d"Nojfg\ x'g ;Sb}g . k|]dnfO{ hLjGt /fVg k|]d lng / lbg hfGg'k5{ . k|]d Pp6f ulx/f] Zjf;
xf], To;}n] k|]dljgf leq ulx/fOdf n's]sf] k|f0f hLljt x'g ;Sb}g . oxL k|]dsf] ef]snfO{ d"nlt/
kmsf{of] eg] of] cWofTd aGg ;S5 / Tof] k|]dsf] ef]snfO{ kbfy{lt/af6 k/dfTdflt/ kmsf{of] eg]
cyf{t\ kl/jt{gzLn ;+;f/af6 zfZjtlt/ kmsf{of] eg] elQm aG5 .

nf]suLtf– 512
 cWofo–!@
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k|]d / elQmsf] dfu{ >]i7 5 . k|]dsf] d"No g} gePsf] JolQm vf]Hg sl7g
x'G5 . olb s'g} JolQmnfO{ k|]dsf] s'g} d"No 5}g eg] p;sf] ;fwgf lglj{rf/sf] x'G5 . ch{'gn] ;f]em}
cfˆgf nflu s'g dfu{ pko'Qm x'G5 eg]/ g;f]w] klg ulx/fOdf pgn] cfˆg} nflu of] k|Zg u/]sf
x'g\ . xfd|f] ;f/f k|of; cfˆg} nflu x'G5 . ch{'g s'g dfu{af6 rn"F eg]/ hfGg rfxG5g\ . o;k|sf/
ch{'gn] ;f]w]kl5 >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û …dÚ df dgnfO{ Psfu| u/]/ lg/Gt/ d]/f] Wofg /
ehgdf nfu]sf] eQmhg clt>]i7 >4fn] o'Qm ePsf] …dÚ ;u'0f ¿k k/d]Zj/nfO{ eH5g\ . To;}n]
pgLx¿nfO{ …dÚ of]uLx¿df clt >]i7 of]uL dfGb5' .
Psfu|tf k|]dsf] e"lddf ;xh} kmlnt x'G5 . s'g} s'/fdf Psfu|tf gx'g' Tof] s'/f;Fu JolQmsf]
k|]d gx'g' xf] . Psfu|tf k|]ds} 5fof xf] / JolQmn] rfx]/ klg o;nfO{ 5'6fpg ;Sb}g . s'g} s'/fdf
Psfu| x'g g;Sg'sf] sf/0f Tof] s'/f;Fu xfd|f] k|]d gx'g' xf] . lrqsf/nfO{ 8fS6/ agfpg vf]Hbf
To;df p;sf] Psfu|tf gx'g] x'Fbf ;kmn x'g ;Sb}g . >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ …dÚdf Psfu| eP/ lg/Gt/
d]/f] ehg jf Wofgdf nfUf eGg'sf] cy{ pxfFsf] k|]ddf k"/f 8'Ag eGg'ePsf] xf] . k|]ddf 8'Ag' eGgfn]
cfkm"nfO{ k"/} lal;{P/ s]jn s[i0f dfq arfpg' / ;Dk"0f{ cª\u–k|Toª\un] pxfFnfO{ g} ;lDemg' eGg]
xf] . >Ls[i0fn] lg/Gt/ dnfO{ eHg' eGg'sf] cy{ hLjgsf] ;f/f lqmofdf pxfFs} Wofg / :d[lt x'g',
x/]s 7fpFdf pxfFs} uLt, g[To / ¿k b]lvg' xf] . km"ndf, kIfLdf, laxfgLsf] zLtdf, ;"o{df cyf{t\
x/]s :yfgdf pxfFnfO{ b]Vg' lg/Gt/ ehg xf] . ehgsf] cy{ ;a}df k/dfTdf b]Vg' xf] . ehgn]
el/Psf] JolQmn] 9'ª\uf h:tf] lghL{j j:t'b]lv k|To]s ;hLj j:t'df k/dfTdfnfO{ b]V5 . ha xfd|f]
leq eujfg\;Fu ulx/f] k|]d x'G5, ta ;a}lt/ p;s} k|ltWjlg ;'lgG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ePsf]
JolQmn] h] u/] klg Tof] ehg x'G5 . JolQmnfO{ cl:tTjsf] cg'ej gx'Fbf d'vn] /fd /fd eh]/
To;sf] kl/k"lt{ ug{ vf]H5 . ehg t rf/}tkm{ h] eO/x]sf] 5, To;df /fdnfO{ b]Vg' xf] . nf]en]
el/Psf] JolQmnfO{ rf/}lt/ nf]es} km}nfj6 b]lvG5 lsgeg] h] leq x'G5 ToxL rf/}lt/ km}lnG5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ df dgnfO{ Psfu| u/]/ lg/Gt/ d]/f] Wofg / ehgdf nfu]sf] eQmhg
cltzo >4fn] o'Qm eP/ …dÚ ;u'0f ¿k k/d]Zj/nfO{ eHb5g\ . pxfFn] cltzo >4f eGg'x'G5 . >4f
b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\, Pp6f >4f hf] ts{df lge{/ x'G5, Tof] >4f >]i7 xf]Og lsgeg] ltgsf] jf:tljs
>4f a'l4 xf] . sltko JolQmx¿n] O{Zj/ 5 eGg] k|df0f lbPsf 5g\ / hf] Tof] k|df0fnfO{ dfg]/ >4f
u5{g\ Tof] >4f lgs[i6 >4f xf] . cg]s bfz{lgsn] O{Zj/ lsg 5 eg]/ k|df0f lbPsf 5g\ . Pp6f
df6fsf] ufu|f] agfpg t s'dfn] rflxG5 eg] O{Zj/ geP of] b[Zo hut\ s;n] oqf] lgdf{0f u¥of],
lgdf{0f ug]{ sf]xL x'g'k5{ lsgeg] hut\ k|of]hgxLg 5}g eg]/ ts{zf:qLx¿ eG5g\ . hut\ r}tGo
b]lvG5 / r]tgf kbfy{af6 hlGdFb}g . t;y{ hut\sf k5fl8 s'g} r}tGosf] xft x'g}k5{ . o:f/L
k/dfTdfsf ;DaGwdf xhf/f}+ ts{ lbPsf] kfOG5 . h'g ts{sf cfwf/df pgLx¿ O{Zj/ dfGb5g\ Tof]
>4f a'l4sf] >4f xf] / Tof] lgs[i6 >4f xf] . pgLx¿sf oL ;a} ts{x¿ sdhf]/ 5g\ / v08g ug{
;lsG5 t;y{ of] >]i7 >4f xf]Og .
cfl:ts h'g;'s} s'/f agfpg klg agfpg]jfnf ;|i6f rflxG5 eG5g\ . rfjf{s\ cyf{t\
rf?jfs\n] ;a} s'/f agfpgnfO{ agfpg]jfnf rflxG5 eg] O{Zj/nfO{ agfpg] sf] xf] eg]/ k|Zg
u5{g\ . o; ts{;Fu cfl:tsx¿sf] lj/f]w 5 / pgLx¿ o;nfO{ s'ts{ dfGb5g\ . of] s'ts{ xf] eg]
;a} ts{ s'ts{ g} xf] . O{Zj/ olb c;[i6 5 eg] hut\ klg c;[i6 5 eg]/ gfl:tsx¿ v08g u5{g\ .
t;y{ ts{sf cfwf/df cfl:ts / gfl:tslarsf] dfGotfnfO{ d]6fpg ;lsGg . To;}n] o:tf] >4f
lgs[i6 >4f xf] . csf]{ >4f ts{sf] cfwf/df geP/ cg'ejsf cfwf/df x'G5 / ljrf/sf] cfwf/df
geP/ k|tLltdf cfwfl/t x'G5, Tof] >4f >]i7 >4f xf] . hf] ts{sf cfwf/df oL sf/0fx¿n] O{Zj/

nf]suLtf– 513
cWofo–!@
x'g'k5{ eG5g\ Tof] >]i7 >4f xf]Og t/ h;n] O{Zj/ d]/f] cg'ej xf] / O{Zj/ x'g'k5{ xf]Og, O{Zj/ 5
eg]/ eG5 Tof] >]i7 >4f xf] .
xfdL O{Zj/df ljZjf; u5f}{+ lsgeg] xfdL O{Zj/ 5 eg]/ hfGb}gf“}+ . To;}n] hxfF e/f];f x'Fb}g
ToxfF ljZjf; x'G5 t/ ljZjf; e/f];f xf]Og . O{Zj/ x'gsf nflu ts{sf] xf]Og cg'ejsf] cfjZostf
x'G5 . dg'io ;fu/¿kL cl:tTjsf] Ps nx/ xf], hf] cfh 5 ef]ln /xFb}g t/ k/dfTdf zfZjt 5 .
xfdLleq k/dfTdf 5 / xfdL k/dfTdfs} Ps ¿k xf}+“ . h'g If0f JolQm cfˆgf] cl:tTjnfO{ a'‰g ;S5
To; If0f pm cfkm" /xFb}g p;df g} k/dfTdf k|s6 x'G5 . o:tf] k|tLlt eP/ x/]s s'/fdf k/dfTdf
b]Vg' cltzo >4f xf] . k/dfTdf ts{af6 l;4 x'Fb}g / vl08t klg x'Fb}g . k/dfTdfnfO{ xfd|f]
k|df0fsf] klg s'g} cfjZostf x'Fb}g . pm nx/leq ;fu/ n's]em}“ JolQmleq n's]sf] 5 . ;+;f/df s'g}
s'/f ljgi6 x'Fb}g s]jn cfsf/ d]l6G5 t/ cl:tTj d]l6Fb}g . kfgLsf] yf]kf klg afkmdf kl/jt{g x'G5
t/ gi6 x'Fb}g . xfdL cfsf/ xf}“ / cfsf/leq n's]sf] cl:tTj k/dfTdf xf] . p;nfO{ ts{åf/f k|dfl0ft
ug]{ cfjZostf g} 5}g . >]i7 >4f cg'ej / ;fIffTsf/af6 hlGdG5 . of] zf:qsf] geO{ xfd|f] hLjg
cg'ejsf] lx:;f xf] . k/dfTdfsf] cg'ej g} >]i7 >4f xf] .
k|]d k/d of]u xf], o;eGbf >]i7 c¿ s'g} cg'ej x'Fb}g . To;}n] elQm k|]ds} ¿kfGt/0f x'gfn]
of] >]i7td dfu{ xf] . hxfF dfu x'G5, ToxfF k|fy{gf x'Fb}g lsgeg] dfun] k|fy{gfnfO{ c;kmn ul/lbG5 .
k/dfTdfsf] åf/df ljgf s'g} dfu vfnL xft pleg] JolQmn] dfu]sf] eGbf a9L k|fKt u5{ . pxfF;Fu
dfUg'sf] cy{ xfdL p;;Fu ck|;Gg 5f}+ / u'gf;f] kf]lv/x]sf 5f}+ eGg] xf] . b'vL JolQmn] p;Fu ;'vsf]
dfu u5{ t/ ;'vsf] dfun] ;'v g} NofpF5 eGg] h?/L 5}g . k|foM h;f] ;'vsf] dfun] emg\ 7'nf] b'v
NofpF5 . ;'vsf] dfu b'vsf] sf/0f xf] . olb JolQm b'vdf dflemP/ kl/kSj ePdf b'vs} dfu{af6
;To;Dd k'Ug ;lsG5 . To;}n] plrt cg'lrtsf] åGådf gk/L h;n] k/dfTdfd} ;a} 5fl8lbG5 ToxL
k|fy{gf xf] .
dg'ionfO{ cfˆgf] rfxgf s'g plrt / s'g cg'lrt xf], Tof] klg yfxf x'Fb}g . xfd|f] rfxgf
k|ltkn abln/xG5 / k"/f ePsf] rfxgfaf6 JolQmn] s] k|fKt u¥of] Tof] klg yfxf x'Fb}g . rfxgfn]
b'v lbP klg JolQm cfˆgf] k'/fgf] uNtLaf6 ;'lw|Fb}g . hfGg] JolQmx¿ eGb5g\– k/dfTdfsxfF dfu
5f]8]/ uPdf rfxgf u/]sf] eGbf a9L k|fKt x'G5 t/ JolQm rfxgf 5f]8\g'k/] k/dfTdfsf] åf/df hfFb}
hfFb}g . cfˆg} dfux¿sf sf/0f JolQm ehg of Wofg ug{ ;Sb}g . k|]d dfuz"Go / lgM;t{ x'G5
To;}n] k|]d g} cfgGb / k|fy{gf xf] . k/dfTdfn] xfdLnfO{ dg'io x'g lbPsf] x'gfn] s[t1tf1fkg ug{'
k|fy{gf xf] . k|fy{gf t df}gtfdf dfq x'g ;S5 . dgnfO{ lj;h{g u/]df Psfu|tf kmlnt x'G5 . Psfu|
x'g] dg ;fu/h:tf] x'G5 . h;n] ts{ / a'l4n] xf]Og Psfu|tfsf ;fy x/]s ;hLj / lghL{j j:t'df
s]jn k/dfTdf dfq b]V5 / k|]dk"j{s k/d >4fn] lg/Gt/ p;s} ehg u5{, To:tf] JolQmnfO{ g}
>Ls[i0f >]i7 of]uL eGg'x'G5 . h'g If0f k|]d / >4fdf o'uky Psfu|tf x'G5, ta aflx/sf ;a}
j:t'x¿ x/fpF5g\ / ;fws leq k|j]z u5{ .
o] TjIf/dlgb]{ZodJoQ+m ko{'kf;t] .
;j{qudlrGTo~r s"6:ydrn+ w|'jd\ ..#..
;lGgoDo]lGb|ou|fd+ ;j{q ;da'4oM .
t] k|fKg'jlGt dfd]j ;j{e"tlxt] /tfM ..$..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û hf] k'?if OlG›o;d'bfonfO{ /fd|/L jzdf /fv]/ dg a'l4af6 kf/
;j{JofkL csygLo ¿k tyf Ps /; /xg]jfnf lgTo crn lg/fsf/ cljgfzL ;lRrbfgGb a|XdnfO{

nf]suLtf– 514
 cWofo–!@
lg/Gt/ Ps efjn] Wofg ub}{ pkf;gf u5{g\ tL ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] lxtdf nflukg]{ / ;a}df ;dfg
efj ePsf of]uL klg dnfO{ g} k|fKt x'G5g\ ..
elQmsf] dfu{sf cltl/Qm cGo dfu{af6 klg k/dfTdf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . cl3Nnf] Znf]sdf
>Ls[i0fn] tL eQm hf] lg/Gt/ …dÚdf 8'a]/ cfˆgf] dg ;a} …dÚdf nufP/ …dÚ ;u'0f ;fsf/nfO{
lg/Gt/ >4fn] eH5g\ pgLx¿ >]i7td of]uL x'g\ eGg' ePsf] lyof] . t/ o;sf] cy{ pgLx¿n] dfq
s[i0fnfO{ k|fKt u5{g\ eGg] xf]Og . s[i0fnfO{ lg/fsf/ Wofg ug]{ JolQmn] klg k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ . hf]
z"Gosf ;fy k/dfTdfdf Psfsf/ x'G5g\, pgLx¿ klg pxfFnfO{ g} pknAw x'G5g\ . b'j}sf] dfu{ cnu
eP klg clGtd uGtJo >Ls[i0f g} xf] . To;}n] ;u'0faf6 jf lgu{'0faf6 rn] klg cGtdf s]G›d}
cyf{t\ s[i0fdf g} k'luG5 . h'g dfu{af6 ofqf u/] klg ofqfky / ljlwsf] k|of]u cnu x'g ;S5 t/
k'Ug] uGtJo Pp6} x'G5 . To; uGtJodf k'u]kl5 s]xL cnu x'Fb}g / ;a} cGt/ ;dfKt eP/ ce]b
dfq z]if x'G5 .
;u'0f–lgu{'0f / ;fsf/–lg/fsf/sf] dfu{ ts{ ug]{ JolQmsf nflu ljk/Lt nfUg ;S5 .
tyfslyt kl08tx¿ sf]xL ;u'0f / sf]xL lgu{'0f l7s xf] eGb5g\ / oxL k|dfl0ft ug{ cfˆgf] hLjg
;dfKt u5{g\ h;sf sf/0f cg]s ;d'bfo / kGy ag]sf 5g\ . o; hut\df cwd{sf] hGd gfl:ts
eP/ xf]Og, cfl:tssf] a]l7s ts{n] ubf{ ePsf] xf] . cfˆgf] ky / wd{u|GynfO{ o'4e"ld h:tf] Ps
csf{nfO{ gfz ug]{ h:tf] u/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . cfˆgf] kIfnfO{ alnof] ;flat ug{ klg pgLx¿n]
5f]8]sf 5}gg\ / o;sf] nflu unt ts{sf] klg k|of]u ub{5g\ . t/ h'g;'s} kyaf6 a9] klg uGtJo
Ps} x'Fbf lg/Gt/ Ps efjn] Wofg ub}{ pkf;gf ug]{ JolQm >Ls[i0fnfO{ g} pknAw x'G5g\ . hlt;'s}
ljk/Lt b]lvg] dfu{af6 ofqf u/] klg clGtd uGtJo Pp6} x'G5 / Tof] clGtd uGtJo >Ls[i0f g} xf] .
ts{jfbLx¿nfO{ cfsf/sf] lj/f]wdf lg/fsf/ ePsf] nfUg ;S5 t/ o;df lj/f]w / ljk/Lttf
5}g lsgeg] cfsf/df klg lg/fsf/ g} k|s6 ePsf] 5 . cfsf/sf] ;|f]t g}F lg/fsf/ xf] . JolQmsf] x]g]{
;Lldt Ifdtfn] ubf{ cfsf/ / lg/fsf/ ljk/Lt b]lvPsf] xf] . JolQm Pp6f ;fgf] 9'ª\uf klg Ps}
rf]l6df k"/f x]g{ ;Sb}g eg] emg\ k"/f ;TonfO{ Ps}k6s x]g{ ;Dej g} x'Fb}g . ;fgf] kTy/ klg Ps
rf]l6df cfwf dfq b]lvG5 / cfwf x'g'k5{ eGg] sNkgf dfq ug{ ;lsG5 lsgeg] JolQmsf] OlG›osf]
Ifdtf ;Lldt x'gfn] hlt To;n] b]vfpF5 Tolt g} p;n] b]Vg ;S5 . ;fsf/ ¿ksf] d"lt{ xfdLn] b]Vg
;S5f}“ t/ To;leq n's]sf] lg/fsf/ ¿k b]Vg ;Sb}gf+}“ . ;Tosf ;DaGwdf xfd|f] b[li6 kfFr hgf cGwf
JolQmx¿n] xfQLnfO{ 5fd]sf] k~rtGqsf] syf h:tf] 5 . k"/f xfQL gb]vLsg sfg, ;'F8, v'§f / z/L/
5fd]/ cfˆgf] sNkgfg';f/ u/]sf] aofg h:t} ch{'g klg xfQLsf] cufl8 g} pleP/ xfQLnfO{ g} ltdL
sf] xf} eg]/ ;f]Wb} 5g\ . xfQL eG5– ;a} s'/f …dÚ g} x'F, Tof] ;'F8 klg …dÚ g} x'F, gfª\nf] h:tf] sfg
klg …dÚ g} x'F, vDaf h:tf] v'§f klg …dÚ g} x'F, lj/f6\ leQf h:tf] z/L/ klg …d]/}Ú xf] . >Ls[i0f klg
ch{'gnfO{ ToxL eGb} x'g'x'G5 . Tof] lj/f6\ csygLo, csNkgLo ;|f]t hf] ;fsf/ / lg/fsf/ b'j} 5 Tof]
…dÚ g} x'F . k/dfTdfsf b'j} ¿k b]Vg ;Sg] JolQmn] dfq ;fsf/ / lg/fsf/ b'j} ¿kdf k/dfTdfnfO{
b]v]/ cfkm" klg k/dfTdf x'g ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f o; k|;Ëdf k|]d / 1fg b'j} dfu{af6 rNg] JolQm ToxL clGtd uGtJodf k'U5g\ t/
oL b'j} dfu{ ljk/Lt 5g\ eGg'x'G5 . 1fgaf6 lxF8\g] JolQmnfO{ z"Go x'g'k5{ eg] k|]daf6 lxF8\g] JolQm
k"0f{ x'g'k5{ t/ z"Gotf / k"0f{tf Ps} 36gfsf b'O{ gfd / cj:yf x'g\ . z"GoeGbf k"0f{ c¿ s]xL x'g
;Sb}g / k"0f{eGbf a9L z"Go c¿ s]xL klg 5}g . xfdL h:tf ;fdfGo JolQmsf nflu z"Gosf] cy{
s]xL klg gx'g' xf] / k"0f{sf] cy{ ;a} s'/f x'g' xf] . of] xfd|f] b]Vg ;Sg] b[li6 / a'‰g] Ifdtfsf] ;Ldfsf]
sf/0fn] xf] . hf] JolQm z"Go x'G5 p;n] tTIf0f k"0f{sf] / hf] JolQm k"0f{ x'G5, p;n] klg tTIf0f

nf]suLtf– 515
cWofo–!@
z"Gosf] cg'ej u5{ . z"Gotf / k"0f{tf Pp6} l;Ssfsf b'O{ kf6f x'g\ . k|]dn] el/Psf] 1fgLn] cfkm"nfO{
klxn] k|]daf6 l/Qm u/]/ z"Go x'G5 . 1fgL cfkm"nfO{ k|]d, /fu, å]if ;a}af6 l/Qm u5{ / z"Go x'G5 .
To;}n] dxfjL/n] ;a} k|sf/sf k|]d/fuaf6 z"Go x'g'k5{ eGg' ePsf] xf] . dxfjL/ h'g lbg l/Qm
x'g'eof] ToxL If0f pxfFdf klxnf] 36gf k|]dsf] 36\of] . o;sf] cy{ z"Go / k"0f{ cnu xf]Ogg\ Ps} x'g\ .
dxfjL/ 7'nf clx+;|s x'g'x'GYof] / clx+;|s x'g' g} jf:tjdf k|]dn] el/g' xf] . dxfjL/sf] clx+;f g} k|]d
xf] . hf] JolQm k|]dn] el/G5 p;n] c¿nfO{ b'v k'¥ofpg ;Sb}g . clx+;fsf] cy{ c¿nfO{ clnslt
klg b'v glbg' xf] / oxL k|]d xf] .
>Ls[i0f k"0f{ k|]ddf eP/ klg pxfFleq ulx/f] z"Go 5 . >Ls[i0f k"/f k|]ddf x'g'x'G5, To;}n]
s[i0feGbf z"Go JolQm kfpg} ;lsGg . pxfFsf] ;f]x| xhf/ uf]lkgLx¿;Fu k|]d eP/ klg s;};Fu s'g}
aGwg lgld{t ePg / o:tf] cj:yfdf klg d'Qm x'g ;Sg] JolQm leq k"0f{ z"Go x'g}k5{ cGoyf d'Qm
x'g ;Sb}g . s[i0f h:tf] z"Go JolQmnfO{ afFWg vf]Hg' t cfsfznfO{ d'6\7Ldf afFWg vf]Hg' h:tf]
xf] . s[i0fsf] ofqf k|]dsf] ofqf xf] . JolQm k|]d / 1fgsf b'j} dfu{af6 ofqf u/]/ klg s]G›df k'Ug
;S5 t/ cfˆgf] kfqtfg';f/ s'g dfu{ plrt x'G5 To;sf] r'gfj p;n] cfkm"n] g} ug{'k5{ . klxnf]
k|]d / elQmsf] dfu{ t ch{'g h:tf JolQmx¿sf nflu >]i7 dfu{ xf] / o:tf] dfu{af6 lxF8\g]
JolQmx¿nfO{ >Ls[i0f >]i7 of]uL eGg'x'G5 . bf];|f] lg/fsf/ / lgu{'0fsf] dfu{af6 hf] lgu{'0f / z"Go
eP/ lxF8\5g\ pgLx¿n] klg dnfO{ g} k|fKt u5{g\ eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 .
of] o'u a'l4sf] o'u dfq xf]Og, a'l4n] kLl8t o'u klg xf] . xfd|f] ;f/f lzIf0f / ;+:sf/ a'l4sf]
5, efjsf] 5}g . To;}n] efjtkm{ s;/L ult ug]{ eGg] lh1f;f p7\g ;S5 t/ clxn] lrGtgzLn
dl:tis klg b'vL / ljlIfKt 5 . oxL b'vLkg / ljlIfKttfn] ubf{ a'l4 klg efjtkm{ df]l8g ;S5 .
lzlIft / ;';+:s[t JolQmdf ha efj bzfsf] hGd x'G5, ta Tof] efj TolQs} ulx/fOdf x'G5 hlt
ulx/fOdf p;sf] a'l4 lyof] . Ps cltaf6 csf]{ cltdf hfg ;/n x'G5 lsgeg] of] hLjgsf] lgod
xf] . wgsf] Joy{tf wgLnfO{ dfq yfxf ePem}“ a'l4sf] Joy{tf klg a'l4sf] lzv/df k'u]sf] JolQmnfO{ g}
x'g ;S5 . cfh a'l4n] lzv/ 5f]Psf] sf/0fn] ubf{ a'l4sf] e|d 6'6]sf] 5 / dg'ion] elQmtkm{sf] ofqf
ug]{ ;Defjgf klg plQ g} a9]sf] 5 . olb a'l4dfg\ JolQm eQm aGg ;Sof] eg] pm hltsf] elQm c¿
s;}n] klg ug{ ;Sb}g .
ef/tsf] klZrd a+ufnsf r}tGo dxfk|e' klg cfOG;6fOg h:t} cToGt k|ltefzfnL, ts{ /
a'l4sf lzv/ JolQmTj x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFsf] a'l4dQfsf] rrf{ ;a}lt/ km}lnPsf] lyof] . ha pxfFn]
a'l4nfO{ Tofu u/]/ ‰ofnL, d~h/L lnP/ af6fdf g[To ug{ yfNg'eof], ta pxfFsf] efj / elQmn]
;Ldf gf£of] . hf] s;}n] klg To;sf] d'sflanf ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . c¿ w]/} eQmx¿ klg elQmdf gfr],
ufP xf]nfg\ t/ pxfF h:tf] k|]dL eQm bf];|f] x'g ;s]g . r}tGo dxfk|e' a'l4sf] cflv/L lzv/ r'd]/
k'gM elQmdfu{df lzv/ r'Dg] JolQmsf HjnGt pbfx/0f x'g'x'G5 . a'l4 Joy{ ePkl5 efj, Åbo / k|]d
;d]l6Psf] elQmsf] dfu{ v'nf x'G5 . ;+;f/sf ;a} d[t ;d:ofx¿, lj1fg, ul0ft OToflbnfO{ ;dfwfg
ug{ a'l4sf] pkof]lutf x'G5 h'g Åboåf/f ;dfwfg x'g ;Sb}g . t/ cd[tnfO{ hfGg a'l4sf] s'g} sfd
x'Fb}g . xfdL a'l4;Fu Ps ePsf sf/0fn] b'vL x'G5f}“ . cfhsf] a'l4sf] o'udf a'l4sf] Joy{tfnfO{ a'em]/
elQmdfu{df hfg] ;Defjgf k|z:t 5 . k/dfTdfk|flKt / s]G›df k'Ugsf nflu ;a}eGbf klxn] OlG›o
jzdf x'g'k5{ . OlG›onfO{ jzdf u/]/ dg / a'l4nfO{ kf/ u/]/ crn, cljgfzL, lgTo–lg/fsf/
;lRrbfgGb3g k/d a|XdnfO{ Ps} efjn] Wofg ub}{ pkf;gf ug]{ k'?ifn] cyf{t\ of]uLn] klg
>Ls[i0fnfO{ g} k|fKt u5{ .

nf]suLtf– 516
 cWofo–!@
Sn]zf]˜lwst/:t]iffdJoQmf;Qmr]t;fd\ .
cJoQmf lx ultb{'Mv+ b]xjl∫/jfKot] ..%..
x] ch{'g Û t/ Tof] ;lRrbfgGb3g lg/fsf/ a|Xddf cf;Qm lrQ ePsf] k'?ifsf] ;fwgdf
Sn]z cyf{t\ kl/>d ljz]if x'G5 lsgeg] b]xfledfgLx¿;Fu cJoQm ljifos ult b'vk"j{s k|fKt
ul/G5 cyf{t\ ha;Dd z/L/df cledfg x'G5 ta;Dd z'4 ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xddf l:yt x'g sl7g
x'G5 ..
o] t' ;jf{l0f sdf{l0f dlo ;GGo:o dTk/fM .
cgGo]g}j of]u]g df+ WofoGt pkf;t] ..^..
t/ hf] d]/f] k/fo0f ePsf eQmhg ;Dk"0f{ sd{nfO{ …dÚdf ck{0f u/]/ …dÚ ;u'0f ¿k
k/d]Zj/nfO{ g} cgGo elQmof]un] lg/Gt/ lrGtg u/]/ eHb5g\ pgLx¿nfO{ …dÚ zL3| p4f/ u5'{ ..
oL Znf]sx¿df >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– lg/fsf/ lgu{'0fsf pkf;s klg ToxL clGtd uGtJodf
k'u]/ dnfO{ k|fKt u5{g\ / k/d ;TonfO{ pknAw x'G5g\ t/ of] dfu{ sl7g / b'u{d 5 . hf]
lg/fsf/tkm{ ofqf u5{ p;n] s]xL sl7gfOx¿sf] ;fdgf ug}{k5{ . of] dfu{df kL8f / Sn]z 5 lsgeg]
ToxfF p;n] PSnf] ofqf ug{'k5{ . csf]{ d]/f] k/fo0f ePsf eQmhgn] cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ sd{nfO{ …dÚdf
ck{0f u/]/ …dÚ ;u'0f k/d]Zj/nfO{ cgGo elQmof]un] lg/Gt/ lrGtg ub}{ eH5g\ eg] …dÚ To:tf
eQmx¿sf] zL3| p4f/ u5{' . klxnf] lg/fsf/sf] dfu{ c1ft, uxg / cGwsf/k"0f{ x'G5 . PSn} ofqf
ug{'kg]{ x'Fbf of] dfu{ b'u{d, si6k|b, ljz]if kl/>dk"0f{ x'G5 / ToxfF hut\sf] k|sfzsf] s]xL sfd x'Fb}g
;fy} p;nfO{ ;xfotf ug]{ klg c¿ sf]xL x'Fb}g . xfdL hLjgdf PSnf] /xg rfxFb}gf+}, To;}n] hLjgsf
;DaGwx¿ oxL PSnf]kgaf6 aRg] pkfo / cfwf/ x'g\ . PSnf] x'g'df xfdLnfO{ kL8f x'G5 . To;}sf/0f
lg/fsf/sf] ;fwgf kL8fbfos x'G5 lsgeg] ToxfF t u'?;d]t klg x'Fb}g . o; dfu{df ofqf ug]{ JolQm
cfkm" PSnf] ofqf u/]/ cl3 a9]sf]df p;sf] cxª\sf/ emg\ alnof] x'G5 / ;Todf k'Ug ;Sb}g . To;}n]
o; dfu{åf/f xhf/f}+ jif{df Ps–b'O{ hgf dfq ;To k|fKt ug{ ;kmn x'G5g\ lsgeg] lg/fsf/ /
cxª\sf/sf] ;ª\udsf] kl/0ffd 8/nfUbf] x'g ;S5 .
lg/fsf/sf] dfu{af6 rNg] JolQm elQmsf] dfu{af6 rNg ;Sb}g / elQmsf] dfu{af6 rNg] JolQm
lg/fsf/sf] dfu{af6 lxF8\g} ;Sb}g . dxfjL/nfO{ elQmsf] dfu{df / dL/fnfO{ lg/fsf/sf] dfu{df
lxF8fpg ;lsGg lsgeg] of] dfu{ pxfFx¿sf] :jefj xf]Og . eQm klxnf] r/0fd} ;dlk{t x'g ;S5
eg] 1fgL clGtd r/0f geO{ ;dlk{t x'g ;Sb}g . eQm ;fwgfsf] ;''?jftd} k"0f{ ;dk{0f gu/L
ofqfsf] ;''?jft ug{ ;Sb}g . k|To]s /fd|f]–g/fd|f] efj, x/]s sd{ k|e's} r/0fdf pxfFs} OR5f ;Dem]/ /
cfkm"nfO{ s]jn pks/0f ;Dem]/ ;dk{0f ug{' g} elQm xf] . ;dk{0fn] cxª\sf/ gi6 x'G5 t/ 1fgL
clGtd cj:yf;Dd klg ;dk{0f ub}{g . To;}n] p;sf] cxª\sf/ cem alnof] x'G5 h;n] ubf{ pm
;Todf k'Ug ;Sb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– eQmsf] …dÚ l5§} p¢f/ u5{' . o;f] eGg' eQmsf ;dk{0fsf]
sf/0fn] xf] . >Ls[i0f zfZjt lgod x'g'x'G5 To;}n] cfkm"nfO{ ld6fP/ ;dk{0f ug]{ JolQmnfO{ Tof]
lgodn] sfd ug{ ;'? u5{ . cfsif{0f zlQm b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . tnlt/sf] cyf{t\ k[YjLlt/sf]
cfsif{0f zlQm u'?Œjfsif{0f xf] eg] dflylt/ tflgg] cfsif{0f zlQm k|e'k|;fb xf] . h;nfO{ l;df]g
j]nn] u|]; (Grace) cyf{t\ k|e'k|;fb eg]sL l5g\ . Tof] dflylt/ tflgg' k|e'k|;fb xf] eg] tn
u'?Œjfsif{0flt/ tflgg' lvrfp xf] . JolQm lgodsf ljk/Lt lxF8]df u'?Œjfsif{0f zlQmsf] lgodn]
p;nfO{ tnlt/ n}hfG5 . To:t} JolQmsf] cxª\sf/sf] lj;h{g eof] eg] pm cxª\sf/sf] af]emaf6
d'Qm eP/ xNsf x'G5 / k|e'k|;fbsf] lgodn] JolQm dflylt/sf] ofqf ;'? ug{ yfN5 .

nf]suLtf– 517
cWofo–!@
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] d]/f] k/fo0f ePsf eQmhgx¿ 5g\ pgLx¿ ;Dk"0f{ sd{nfO{ …dÚ df g}
ck{0f u/]/ …dÚ ;u'0f ¿k k/d]Zj/nfO{ g} cgGo elQmof]un] lg/Gt/ lrGtg ub}{ eH5g\ . To;}n]
pgLx¿sf] …dÚ zL3| p4f/ u5{' . oxfF s[i0fn] zL3| eGg'sf] sf/0f eQm klxnf] r/0fdf g} ;Dk"0f{ efj
/ sd{af6 ;dlk{t eP/ lgef{/ x'G5 . To;}n] klxnf] r/0fd} k|e';Fu ldngsf] cfef; p;nfO{ x'g
yfN5 . JolQmsf] cflTds pTyfg cxª\sf/sf] af]emsf] sf/0fn] /f]lsPsf] x'G5 . h'g lbg cxª\sf/
x6\5 k/dfTdf tTsfn pknAw x'G5 . ;f+;fl/s cy{df x/]s JolQm;Fu s]xL g s]xL x'G5 t/
cfWoflTds cy{df JolQm ;j{xf/f x'G5 . JolQm;Fu s]xL geP klg pm s]xL u'dfpg] qf;df ;b}j x'G5
/ k/dfTdfsf] dfu{df klg ;XDfflnP/ lxF8\5 . o:tf] JolQm elQmdfu{df lxF8\g ;Sb}g . elQmdfu{df t
nfe / xflg klg k|e'n] d]/} lxtsf nflu u/]sf x'g\ eGg] >4fk"0f{ e/f];f x'G5 . o:tf] >4f / ;dk{0f
ug]{ eQmnfO{ >Ls[i0fn] tTIf0f p4f/ ug{'x'g] 5 . s[i0f r'Dasem}“ eQmnfO{ cfs[i6 ug{'x'G5 ;fy} s[i0f
;jf]{Rr zfZjt lgoGtf klg x'g'x'G5 . To;}n] olb JolQmn] cfkm"nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kn] s[i0fdf 5f]l8lbof] eg]
pxfFsf] lgodn] tfg]/ tTIf0f p;sf] p4f/ ug]{ 5 .
JolQm k/dfTdfsf] k|fy{gf u/]/ klg ;Gb]xn] el/Psf] x'G5 . To;}n] xfd|f] ;d:of c>4fsf]
xf]Og≤ cw'/f]kgsf] xf] . JolQm cfwf >4f / cfwf c>4fn] el/Psf] x'G5 . k"/f >4f gx'g]sf nflu
s;}n] ;DemfP/ klg >4f hlGdFb}g . c>4fkl5sf] r/0f g} >4f xf] . cfl:ts JolQm ToxL x'g ;S5
hf] gfl:ts eO;s]sf] 5 . JolQm;Fu OlG›ohGo geP/ csf]{ cfFvf x'G5 h;nfO{ s[i0f >4f
eGg'x'G5 . ToxL cfFvfnfO{ a'4 Wofg eGg'x'G5 / dL/f ehg sLt{g elG5g\ . JolQm;Fu csf]{ sfg klg
x'G5 h;af6 p;leqsf] cGt/Wjlg cgfxt gfb ;'Gg ;S5 t/ xfdL o;tkm{ pGd'v geO{ ljd'v
ePsfn] Tof] Wjlg ;'Gg g;s]sf] xf] . O{Zj/ dxfgtd ;ª\uLt xf] . p;nfO{ hfGgsf nflu xfdLn]
cfˆgf] Åbo p;nfO{ ;'Gg ;Sg] agfpg'k5{ . ;+;f/sf ;a} dfu{ k/dfTdftkm{ hfG5g\ . s]xL dfu{
ljk/Lt eP klg s]G›df k'u]kl5 ljk/Lttf ;dfKt eP/ Ps x'G5g\ . oL dfu{x¿dWo] k|]dsf] dfu{
h;df cfkm"nfO{ ;dfKt kf/L z"Go eP/ k|]dLnfO{ dxŒjk"0f{ dfg]/ cufl8 a9\g'k5{ hxfF k|]dL dfq z]if
/xG5 .
t/ Wofgsf] k|lqmof laNfs'n ljk/Lt x'G5 o;df ;a} d]l6P/ s]jn cfkm"dfq z]if /xG5 .
efj, ljrf/ / ljifo gar]/ s]jn cfkm"dfq z]if /xg] k|lqmof Wofg xf] . cfkm"dfq afFRg' Wofg xf] eg]
cfkm" lans'n gafFrL ltdL dfq afFRg' k|]d xf] . ha eQm cfkm" d]l6O{ z"Go eP/ cfˆgf ;a} efj /
sd{ k|e'sf r/0fdf /fv]/ lg/Gt/ ehg ub}{ z'4 Åbon] ;dlk{t x'G5 ta o:tf] eQmsf] >Ls[i0f zL3|
g} p4f/ ug{'x'G5 . lg/fsf/ / lgu'{0fsf] pkf;s hf] cª\xsf/ Tofu u/L Wofgsf] dfu{af6 cl3 a9\5
p klg ;Todf pknAw x'G5 t/ of] dfu{ PSnf] ofqfsf] sf/0fn] b'vk"0f{ / sl7g 5 .
t]iffdx+ ;d'4tf{ d[To';+;f/;fu/ft\ .
ejfld glr/fTkfy{ døofj]lztr]t;fd\ ..&..
x] ch{'g Û tL …dÚdf lrQ nufpg]jfnf k|]dL eQmx¿nfO{ …dÚ zL3| g} d[To'¿k ;+;f/ ;d'›af6
p¢f/ ub{5' ..
døo]j dg cfwT:j dlo a'l4+ lgj]zo .
lgjl;iol; døo]j ct pmWj{+ g ;+zoM ..*..
x] ch{'g Û ltdL …dÚdf dg nufpm / …dÚdf g} a'l4 nufpm . o;kl5 ltdL …dÚdf g} lgjf; ug]{
5f} . o;df s'g} ;+zo 5}g ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ df lrQ nufpg] eQmnfO{ …dÚ d[To'¿kL ;+;f/af6 p4f/ u5{', o;df
s'g} ;+zo 5}g . elQmsf] dfu{df JolQm :jod\nfO{ ld6fP/ z"Go aGg ;Sg'k5{ . elQmdfu{sf] ;fwsn]

nf]suLtf– 518
 cWofo–!@
k|fy{gfdf cfkm"nfO{ kufn]/ k/dfTdfdf nLg u5{ / pm klg k/dfTdf h:t} x'g yfN5 . k/dfTdfdf
nLg x'g' eg]sf] cfk"m g/x]/ p;}df ld6\g] efj xf] . eQm k/dfTdf / cfkm"larsf] kvf{n eTsfpg
rfxG5 . p hfGb5 ls O{Zj/ t k|ltkn pknAw g} 5 t/ cfˆg} sf/0fn] dfq ldng x'g g;s]sf]
xf] . eQmn] ha cfˆgf] cl:dtfsf] kvf{n eTsfpg tof/ x'G5 ta >Ls[i0fn] o:tf] eQmnfO{ To;}
If0f p4f/ ug{'x'G5 . s;} k|lt k|]d ePkl5 / ld6\g'sf] dhf hfg]kl5 JolQm aRg grfx]/ p;df g}
ld6\g rfxG5 .
Ps JolQm ;Gt /fdfg'hsxfF cfP/ pxfF h:t} cfglGbt x'g / k/dfTdf;Fusf] k|]d l;sfOlbg
cg'/f]w u/] . /fdfg'hn] hLjgdf cfh;Dd s;};Fu clnslt klg k|]d u/]sf 5f} egL k|Zg ug{'eof] .
pQ/df pgn] k/dfTdfsf] vf]hLd} ;do JotLt u/]sf] x'Fbf s;};Fu k|]d gu/]sfn] cfk"mnfO{ o;sf]
cg'ej gePsf] atfP . /fdfg'hn] eGg'eof]– To;f] eP d'l:sn 5 . s;};Fu k|]d u/]/ p;df ld6\g
hfg]sf] eP ToxL k|]dsf dfWodaf6 k/d;Fusf] k|]d l;sfOlbGy]F t/ ltdLdf t k|]dsf] ;fgf] cg'ej
klg gePsfn] Tof] ;Dej gx'g] eof] . k|]d ug{ hfGg] JolQmdf ld6\g] cg'ej x'g] x'gfn] p;nfO{
To;sf] cfwf/df k/dfTdfdf ld6\g ;'ud x'G5 / ld6\gdf b'v xf]Og ;'v x'G5 eGg] hfGb5 . t/
k/dfTdfdf /QLe/ garfO{ k"/f ld6\g'k5{ lsgeg] ha JolQm ld6\g yfN5, ta k/dfTdf p;df k|j]z
ug{ yfN5 . >Ls[i0fn] …dÚdf lrQ nufpg] k|]dL eQmx¿sf] …dÚ zL3| g} d[To'¿kL ;+;f/af6 p4f/ u5{'
eGg'sf] cy{ oxL xf] . k|]d hfGg] JolQmnfO{ d[To'¿kL o; hut\df k|]dsf] cltl/Qm cGo s'g} cg'ej
x'Fb}g t/ h;n] k|]d hfg]sf] 5}g p;n] d[To'nfO{ eosf] ¿kdf hfGb5 . k|]dL ;bf dg{ tof/ x'G5 t/
k|]d gePsf] JolQm dg{ 8/fpF5 . k|]dLn] To;nfO{ hfGb5, h'g kfPkl5 d[To'n] To;nfO{ d]6fpg
;Sb}g .
>Ls[i0f k'gM hf] …dÚ df k"/f ld6\g tof/ x'G5 p;nfO{ …dÚ d[To'¿kL ;+;f/af6 kf/ u/fpF5'
eGg'x'G5 . ha k|]ddf sf]xL dg{ tof/ x'G5, ta pm d[To'sf] kf/ x'G5 lsgeg] k|]d d[To'dfly ljho
xf] . k|]dsf] cg'ej gePsf] JolQm d/]/ afFlr/x]sf] x'G5 / k|]dsf nflu t8\lk/xG5 . k|]dsf] 56k6fx6
d[To'sf] kf/ hfg] cfsfª\Iff xf] . dg'iosf] Ifl0fs k|]ddf t d[To'sf] kf/sf] cg'ej x'G5 eg]
k/dfTdfsf] k|]ddf ld6\g';Fu o;sf] s'g} t'ngf g} x'g ;Sb}g . xfdL k/dfTdfsf] k|]ddf k"/} ld6\g
;Sg'k5{, ta dfq p;;Fu ;DaGw :yflkt x'G5 . of] c;fwf/0f k|]d xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
o:tf eQmx¿nfO{ …dÚ d[To'¿kL ;+;f/af6 kf/ u/fpg] 5'≤ To;}n] x] ch{'g Û ltdL …dÚ df g} dg /
a'l4 nufpm . >Ls[i0fn] klxn] …dÚ df dg nufpm eGg'eof] lsgeg] Psk6s dg nfu]kl5 a'l4 klg
:jtM kl5 nfU5 . ts{n] ;w}“ efjsf] cg';/0f u5{ lsgeg] efj ulx/f] x'G5 / ts{ w/ftnLo dfq
x'G5 . aRrf hlGdFbf efj t ;Fu} NofpF5 t/ ts{ kl5dfq c¿af6 l;S5 . To;}n] a'l4 pwf/f] / dg
cfˆgf] lghL xf] . xfdL efjaf6 aUg'k5{ lsgeg] efj xfd|f] :jefj xf] . a'l4sf] klg pkof]lutf x'g]
x'Fbf efjnfO{ a'l4;Fu hf]8]/ aufpg'k5{ . ts{ efjsf] k5fl8 lxF8\of] eg] dfq k/dfTdfsf] vf]hdf
hfg ;lsG5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] klxn] dg …dÚdf nufpm eGg'ePsf] xf] . To;kl5 a'l4nfO{ kl5
nufpg ;lhnf] x'G5 .
cfl:tsx¿ efjsf] bzfdf hfg]sf s'/fx¿ ts{df k|:t't u5{g\ . cflbzª\s/frfo{eGbf 7'nf
tfls{s JolQm la/n} xf]nfg\ . pxfF 7'nf] tfls{s JolQm eP/ klg pxfFsf] ts{ efjdf cfwfl/t 5 .
pxfFdf efj klxn] 3l6t eof] / ts{ To;nfO{ k|:yflkt ug{sf nflu dfq k|of]u eof] . pxfFsf] ts{
efjnfO{ k'li6 ug{sf nflu dfq xf] . ts{nfO{ cl3 /fVg' eg]sf] cfkm"nfO{ cl3 /fVg' xf] . JolQmn]
efjnfO{ klxn] /fVof] eg] pm lg;u{nfO{ klxn] /fV5 . lg;u{ JolQmeGbf 7'nf] / lj/f6\ 5 . klxn]
lj/f6\nfO{ cl3 nufP/ clg ;fgf] cyf{t\ a'l4nfO{ kl5 nufpg'k5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ df dg

nf]suLtf– 519
cWofo–!@
nufpm clg …dÚ df a'l4 nufpm clg To;kl5 ltdL …dÚ df g} lgjf; ug]{ 5f} . o;df s'g} ;+zo
5}g . …dÚ df lgjf; ug]{ 5f} eGg' Åbodf /xg] 5f} eGg' xf] . h'g lbg eQm dg, a'l4 / sd{n]
cfkm"nfO{ eujfg\df ;dk{0f u5{ To;} lbgb]lv pm klg eujfg\sf] Åbodf lgjf; u5{ cyf{t\ pm g}
k/dfTdf x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f cGtdf To; pk/fGt ltdL …dÚ df g} lgjf; ug]{ 5f} cyf{t\ dnfO{ g} kfpg] 5f} o;df
s'g} ;+zo 5}g eGg'x'G5 . efjaf6 ;'? ePdf ;+zo x'Fb}g t/ a'l4af6 ;'? ePdf ;+zo x'g] 5
lsgeg] a'l4af6 cxª\sf/sf] hGd x'G5 . xfdL ts{, b[li6 / cxª\sf/sf] af]ws} sf/0f efjnfO{ cufl8
/fVg 8/fpF5fF} lsgeg] efj c/fhs x'G5 . o;n] sxfF k'¥ofpF5 eGg] 8/n] efjnfO{ bafP/ /fV5f}F /
x/]s lg0f{o a'l4s} xftdf 5f]l8lbG5f}“ . /flt ;'t]/ p7]kl5 JolQm tfhf cg'ej u5{ . /flt ts{–a'l4
;'T5 / efjsf] hut\ k|s6 x'G5 ;fy} ;kgfdf JolQm efjsf] hut\df afFR5 . ;kgfn] a'l4nfO{ labf
lbG5 . t;y{ xfdL laxfg tfhfkg cg'ej u5f}{+ . dgf]j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– JolQm lg›faf6 xf]Og,
;kgfaf6 tfhfkg kfpF5 . efjnfO{ a'l4–ts{sf cufl8 /fVg] JolQmn] k/dfTdfsf] Åbodf lgjf;
ub{5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] JolQm klxn] dg …dÚ df ck{0f u5{ …dÚ p;nfO{ Åbodf :yfg lbG5'≤
xfdL dgsf sf/0fn] g} k/dfTdfaf6 k/ 5f+}“ . JolQm xf];df ePdf ;+;f/df klg k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg
;lsG5 . k/dfTdf t oxLF df}h'b 5 t/ xfdL ;'lt/x]sf 5f}“ . dg zfGt / df}g eP/ xf];k"0f{ ePdf
xfdL k/dfTdfnfO{ clxn] g} kfpg ;S5f}“ . p;}sf] vf]hLdf ts{nfO{ efjdf nufpg] JolQmn] g}
dgnfO{ zfGt / xf];k"0f{ agfP/ k/dfTdfnfO{ oxL ;+;f/df k|fKt ub{5 / >Ls[i0fsf] Åbodf lgjf;
u5{ .
cy lrQ+ ;dfwft'+ g zSgf]lif dlo l:y/d\ .
cEof;of]u]g ttf] dfldR5fKt'+ wg~ho ..(..
x] ch{'g Û olb ltdL dgnfO{ …dÚdf :yflkt ug{ ;dy{ 5}gf} eg] cEof;¿k of]uaf6 dnfO{ k|fKt
ug]{ OR5f u/ ..
cEof;]˜Ko;dyf]{˜l; dTsd{k/df] ej .
dby{dlk sdf{l0f s'j{lG;l4djfK:ol; ..!)..
olb ltdL cEof;df c;dy{ 5f} eg] s]jn d]/f nflu sd{ ug{ k/fo0f xf]pm . o;k|sf/ d]/f
nflu sd{ ubf{ ub}{ klg d]/f] k|flKt¿k l;l4df k|fKt x'g] 5f} ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb ltdL dgnfO{ …dÚ df :yflkt ug{ c;dy{ 5f} eg] x] ch{'g Û
cEof;¿kL of]uaf6 dnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ OR5f u/ . pxfF eGg'x'G5– olb ltdLnfO{ d s;/L dgnfO{ l;w}
k|e'df nLg u¿F eGg] nfU5 eg] cEof;¿kL of]uåf/f dnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ k|of; u/ . dgnfO{ …dÚ df
:yflkt ug{' eGg'sf] cy{ >Ls[i0fdf 8'Ag' xf] . s'g} JolQmnfO{ 8'a eGgf;fy s;/L eGg] k|Zg gu/L
8'Ag ;S5g\ . o:tf 8'Ag ;Sg] JolQm aRrf;/x x'G5g\ . aRrfnfO{ gfr eGof] eg] pm gfRg ;'? u5{
t/ s;/L eGg] k|Zg p7fpFb}g . olb s;/Lsf] k|Zg p7fPdf p;df k|f}9 JolQm k|j]z ug{ yfn]sf]
a'‰g'k5{ . s;/L eGg'sf] cy{ pkfosf] vf]hL xf] . t;y{ JolQm aRrf h:tf] eP dfq l;w} k|Zg /
pkfosf] vf]hL gu/L 8'Ag ;S5 . ch{'g To; ;dosf Ps ;';+:s[t Iflqo, k9]n]v]sf / a'l4dfg\
JolQm ePsf] x'gfn] s[i0fnfO{ …dÚdf nLg x'g ;S5 ls ;Sb}g eGg] nfu]sf] x'g ;S5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– olb ltdL …dÚ df 8'Ag ;Sb}gf} eg] cEof;¿kL of]uåf/f dnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ OR5f u/ . l;w}
…dÚdf ;dk{0f ug{ c;dy{ 5f} eg] ltdLn] cEof; ug'{k5{ . t;y{ cEof;¿kL of]u¢f/f dnfO{ k|fKt
ug]{ k|of; u/ .

nf]suLtf– 520
 cWofo–!@
of]usf] cy{ k|ljlw xf] . hf] eQm x'g ;Sb}g pm k|ljlwsf] pkof]u u/]/ of]uåf/f k/dfTdfdf
k'Ug ;S5 t/ eQmnfO{ of]usf] s'g} cfjZostf x'Fb}g . p;sf] elQm g} p;sf] dfWod x'G5 . lrQnfO{
Psfu| ug]{ of]u;fwgf, k|f0ffofd / dGqsf cfwf/df cfˆgf] Wofg ToxfF Psfu| ug]{ snf l;s]/
l;4f;g, kb\df;g h:tf] z/L/nfO{ l:y/ ug]{ ;fwgf ljlwnfO{ >Ls[i0f cEof;¿kL of]u eGg'x'G5 .
z/L/ l:y/ ePkl5 dg klg l:y/ x'G5 . cfwf cfFvf vf]nL gfsdf dfq x]/]/ Zjf; leq uPsf] /
aflx/ kmls{Psf]df Wofg l:y/ ug'{k5{ . oL ;a} k|ljlwx¿af6 lrQnfO{ l:y/ ug{ ;lsG5 . oL ;a}
k|ljlwx¿ eQm x'g g;Sg] JolQmx¿sf nflu x'g\ .
k|]d / elQmdf c;dy{ ePsf JolQmsf nflu of]u csf]{ dfu{ xf] . k|]ddf c;dy{ JolQmn]
klxn] cEof;åf/f cfkm"nfO{ tof/ ug{'k5{ . eujfg\sf] u'0f / gfdsf] >j0f, sLt{g, dgg, hk /
efujt ljifos zf:qsf] k7g kf7g OToflb / eujt\k|flKtsf nflu af/Daf/ ug]{ r]i6f g} cEof;
xf] . jiff}{+sf] cEof;kZrft\ WofgnfO{ s]lG›t u/]/ k/dfTdfdf k'Ug ;lsG5 . k|]dLnfO{ s'g}
of]ufEof;sf] cfjZostf x'Fb}g, To;}n] pm k/dfTdfdf ;f]em} km8\sf] dfg{ ;S5 . t/ a'l4 xfaL eof]
eg] of]usf ;"qsf] ;fwgf u/]/ klxn] Psfu|tf clg tGdotfdf plqg'k5{ . o;/L cEof;åf/f klg
k/dfTdfdf 8'Ag ;lsG5 . >Ls[i0f cEof;åf/f dnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ k|of; u/ / olb ltdL To;
cEof;df klg c;dy{ eof} eg] d]/f nflu sd{ ug{ k/fo0f xf]pm eGg'x'G5 . cEof;af6 klg
;kmntf k|fKt x'G5 eGg ;lsGg lsgeg] o;df w]/} afwfx¿ x'g ;S5g\ . ;fwgfdf a:bf z/L/df
kL8f x'g ;S5 / lg›f klg nfUg ;S5, h;n] ubf{ Psfu|tfdf afwf k'U5 . To;}n] cEof; k"0f{ ;kmn
x'G5 eGg ;lsGg .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb ltdL of]u cEof;df ;kmn ePgf} eg] s]jn d]/f nflu sd{ ug{
k/fo0f xf]pm . sd{ u/]/ dnfO{ / d]/f] l;l4nfO{ kfpg ;Sg] 5f} . olb ltdLnfO{ elQmof]u sl7g
nfUof] eg] 1fgof]uaf6 dnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ OR5f u/ . 1fgof]usf] cy{ of]usf] ;fwgf / cEof; xf] .
olb ltdLnfO{ 1fgof]u klg sl7g nfu]df sd{of]uaf6 dnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ k|of; u/ . ltdL ;f/f sd{
…dÚ df g} ;dlk{t ul/b]pm / o:tf] dfg ls ltdLleq ;f/f sd{ …dÚ g} ul//x]sf] 5' / …dÚ g} ltdLnfO{
;a} sd{ u/fO/x]sf] 5' . ltdL d]/f] ;fwg / pks/0f ag]/ sd{ u/ . To;f] u/]df kfk–k'0o / /fd|f]–
g/fd|f] b'j} ltd|f] x'Fb}g . k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ oL tLg dfu{ 5g\, tLdWo] >]i7td dfu{ elQmdfu{ xf]
lsgeg] o;af6 ;f]em} 5nfª nufpg ;lsG5 . To;kZrft\ 1fgof]usf] ;fwgfsf] dfu{af6 k|of; /
cEof;åf/f 5nfª nufpg ;lsG5 . oL b'j} dfu{x¿af6 ;kmntf k|fKt gePdf sd{nfO{ k|e'df clk{t
ug'{ g} pQd ljsNk xf] . oL tLgdWo] xfdLn] s'g} Pssf] r'gfj ug{'k5{ . ;j{k|yd elQmof]usf] k|of;
ug{' pko'Qm x'G5, elQm–k|]dsf] dfu{df ;kmn x'g ;s] of] >]i7td dfu{ xf] t/ of] dfu{ cfˆgf nflu
pko'Qm gePdf 1fgof]usf] dfu{af6 k|of; ug'{k5{ . olb 1fgdfu{ klg cfˆgf nflu pko'Qm gePdf
sd{of]usf] dfu{af6 k|of; ug'{k5{ .
cfkm"nfO{ x6fP/ ;f/f sd{ k/dfTdfdf 5f]8\g' sd{of]u xf] . JolQmn] ha cfˆgf] sd{nfO{
k/dfTdfdf 5f]8\5, ta Wofgsf] dfu{af6 h] kmlnt x'G5, Tof] sd{sf] dfu{af6 x'g ;''? x'G5 / JolQm
zfGt x'G5 . ha JolQm ;f/f sd{sf] af]em cfkm}“df /fVb5 ta pm czfGt x'G5 . zflGt sd{of]udf
lxF8\g] JolQmx¿sf nflu Pp6f s;L xf] . ;'v–b'v, ;kmntf–c;kmntf h] cfP klg ;Gt'i6 x'g'
sd{of]usf] csf]{ s;L xf] lsgeg] sd{ k/dfTdfdf ;dk{0f u/]kl5 pm kmnsf] cfsfª\IfL /xFb}g /
JolQmdf ;defj kmlnt x'G5 . sd{of]usf] cy{ ;a} k/dfTdfdf 5f]8]/ cfk"m s]jn lgldQ x'F eGg]
efj x'g' xf] . JolQmn] …dÚ eGg] efj k/dfTdfdf 5f]8]kl5 of] hut\ :jKga4 gf6s nfUg yfN5 . …dÚ
eGg] efj k/dfTdfdf 5f]8]kl5 pm bz{s dfq /xG5 . olb xfdLdf leq zflGt, ;defj / ;fIfLsf]

nf]suLtf– 521
cWofo–!@
efj al9/x]sf] 5 eg] sd{of]usf] af6f]df cfkm" l7s;Fu cl3 a9]sf] hfGg'k5{ . k|]d–elQmsf] dfu{
k/dfTdfdf :yflkt x'g] >]i7 dfu{ xf] t/ o; dfu{df cufl8 a9\g c;dy{ ePdf cEof;åf/f
of]udfu{df cufl8 a9\g ;lsG5 . Psfu|tfsf] sdLn] o; dfu{df klg cufl8 a9\g c;dy{ ePdf
k/dfTdfdf ;Dk"0f{ sd{ / stf{kg la;fP/ sd{of]u¢f/f k/dfTdfdf :yflkt x'g ;lsG5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5 .
cy}tbKo;Qmf]˜l; st{'+ dBf]udfl>tM .
;j{sd{kmnTofu+ ttM s'? otfTdjfg\ ..!!..
x] ch{'g Û olb d]/f] k|flKt¿k of]udf cfl>t eP/ pko'Qm ;fwgf ug{ klg ltdL c;dy{ 5f} eg]
dg, a'l4 cflbdf ljho k|fKt u/]/ ;a} sd{sf] kmn Tofu u/ ..
>]of] lx 1fgdEof;fH1fgf¢Øfg+ ljlziot] .
WofgfTsd{kmnTofu:TofufR5flGt/gGt/d\ ..!@..
dd{nfO{ ghfg]/ u/]sf] cEof;eGbf k/f]If 1fg >]i7 x'G5 / k/f]If 1fgeGbf …dÚ k/d]Zj/sf]
Wofg >]i7 x'G5 . WofgeGbf klg ;a} sd{sf] kmnsf] Tofu cem >]i7 5 lsgeg] Tofun] tTsfn g} k/d
zflGt x'G5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb d}n] eg]sf tLg} dfu{sf] k|of; ug{ klg ltdL c;dy{ 5f} eg] dgnfO{
lht]/ d]/f] k|flKt ¿k of]usf] z/0f eP/ ;a} sd{sf kmn d]/f nflu Tofu u/ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
;a} sd{ ubf{ stf{ efj g/fv]/ h] sd{ ubf{ klg Tof] ;a} …dÚ cyf{t\ s[i0fn] ul//x]sf] 5' eGg] ;f]r .
olb ;a} sd{ k/dfTdf g} ul//x]sf] 5 eg] d s'g} sd{ lsg u¿F eGg] efj klg s;}df pTkGg x'g
;S5 ;fy} sd{ ;a} k/dfTdfn] ul//x]sf] 5 eg]/ dfGg xfd|f] cxª\sf/ tof/ klg x'Fb}g . JolQm
c;kmn eP/ xfbf{ o;sf] lhDd]jf/L k/dfTdfdf ePsf] 7fGb5 t/ ;kmn eP/ lhTbf cfkm"n] lht]sf]
7fGb5 . ;kmntfn] xfd|f] cxª\sf/nfO{ kl/k'i6 ug]{ x'Fbf ;kmntf xfdL k/dfTdfdf 5f]8\g ;Sb}gf+}“ .
xfdL xfbf{ efUonfO{ bf]if lbG5f}F / c;kmntf klg efUosf] sf/0fn] ePsf] 7fGb5f}F . t/ ;kmntf
cfˆgf] sf/0fn] ePsf] 7fg]/ k/dfTdfdf 5f]8\g rfxb}gf}“ .
sd{sf] kmn JolQmdf lge{/ 5}g lsgeg] kmn lj/f6\df lge{/ x'G5 . sd{ xfdL ug{ ;S5f}“ t/
To;sf] kmn s] x'G5 eg]/ ;'lglZrt ¿kdf to ug{ ;Sb}gf}“ . JolQmn] s] ug]{ eg]/ ;f]Rg ;S5 t/
kmn p;sf] xftdf x'Fb}g . To;}n] slxn] s;}nfO{ ljif lbFbf klg cd[t / s;}nfO{ cd[t lbFbf ljif klg
x'g ;S5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û olb ltdL sd{ 5f]8\g c;dy{ 5f} eg] sd{sf] kmn h'g ltd|f]
xftdf 5}g Tof] dnfO{ 5f]l8b]pm . ltdL kmnsf] lgoGtf klg xf]Ogf} . To;}n] sd{ u/ t/ sd{sf] kmn
cyf{t\ kl/0ffd dnfO{ 5f]l8b]pm . kmn xfd|f] xftdf gePsf]n] of] stf{kg 5f]8\g'eGbf ;lhnf] x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– dd{nfO{ ghfg]/ ul/Psf] cEof;eGbf k/f]If 1fg >]i7 x'G5 . w]/} JolQmx¿ dd{nfO{
ghfg]/ cEof; ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . To:t} k|foMh;f] JolQmx¿ cfkm" s] ul//x]sf] 5' jf of] s]sf nflu
ub}{ 5' eGg] dd{ g} ga'emL jiff}{b]lv Wofg, of]u OToflbsf] cEof; ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . h:tf] slt
/utsf] axfjn] dl:tisdf /x]sf kftnf tGt'x¿nfO{ v/fa k|efj ub}{g eGg] hfg]/ dfq zLiff{;g
ug{'k5{ cGoyf o;n] nfe xf]Og, xflg ug{ ;S5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] dd{nfO{ ghfg]/ ul/Psf]
cEof;eGbf k/f]If 1fg >]i7 5 eGg'ePsf] xf] .
dd{nfO{ ghfg]/ cEof; ug{' cfuf];Fu v]Ng' h:t} xf] . cEof;sf] dd{ ga'emL c¿n] eg]sf]
e/df u/]sf] cEof;n] xflg dfq k'¥ofpF5 . dg'io dfq Ps o:tf] k|f0fL xf] hf] b'O{ v'§fdf pleg]
x'gfn] p;sf] a'l4sf] ljsf; x'G5 . plegfn] p;sf] dl:tisdf sd /ut k|jflxt eP/ kftnf] ldxLg
tGt' ljsl;t x'G5 . oxL tGt'sf sf/0f p;sf] a'l4sf] ljsf; x'G5 . xfd|f] dlitisdf tLg c/a
hLjGt sf]i7 x'G5g\ . xfd|f] ;f]r–ljrf/, a'l4, r]tgf, efj ;a} ltg} sf]i7df lge{/ x'G5g\ / xfdLnfO{

nf]suLtf– 522
 cWofo–!@
tL sf]i7df slt clS;hgsf] cfjZostf x'G5 eGg] yfxf klg 5}g . o;sf nflu l7s dfqfdf
clS;hgsf] h?/t x'G5 t/ JolQmn] ghfgL ;'? u/]sf] k|f0ffofdsf] cEof;n] clS;hgsf] dfqf a9L
cyjf sd ePdf JolQm d"lR5{t eP/ p;nfO{ xflg x'g ;S5 . ghfgL u/]sf] a9L k|f0ffofd 3fts
klg x'g ;S5 . To;}n] dd{ ghfg]/ u/]sf] cEof; cg'lrt xf] . o;eGbf k/f]If 1fg plrt x'G5 eg]/
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . k/f]If 1fg zf:qsf] 1fg xf] . ;To;Dd k'lu;s]sf JolQmx¿sf] jrg /
pgLx¿sf] cg'ej lnlka4 ul/Psf] u|Gy zf:q xf] . of] xfdLh:t} c1fgLnfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ elgPsf]
xf] .
zf:q k9]/ JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] Ifdtfg';f/sf] s'/f dfq yfxf x'G5 . cfWofTdsf] hut\df
vf]lhPsf d"Nojfg\ ;"qx¿ zf:qdf k|s6 klg ul/Psf 5g\ / u'Kt klg /flvPsf 5g\ . zf:qn]
ltgnfO{ Tolt g} u'Kt /fV5 hlt clxn] xfd|f lglDt sfd nfUb}gg\ / Tolt g} k|s6 u5{ hlt JolQmn]
cfTd;\ft\ ug{ ;S5 . ha JolQm Ps >[ª\vnfnfO{ cfTd;\ft\ u5{, ta bf];|f] >[ª\vnf klg yfxf kfpg
;S5 / qmdzM ha bf];|f] >[ª\vnf cfTd;\ft\ u5{, ta t];|f] >[ª\vnf yfxf kfpg ;S5 . x/]s k6sdf
Ps Ps >[ª\vnfdfq cfTd;ft\ ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf zf:qdf ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] zf:q Pp6f j}1flgs
Joj:yf xf] . lh;;sf ;fgf ld7f syfx¿ 5g\ / x/]s syfn] cg]s cy{ lbG5g\ . To;}n] aRrfx¿sf
nflu klg of] ;/n / ld7f;k"0f{ 5 . aRrfx¿ eGbf dflyNnf] l:yltsf] JolQmsf nflu o;n] leGg
cy{ lbG5 lsgeg] syfleq u'Kt /x:o klg n's]sf] 5 h;af6 JolQmsf] a'l4sf] ljsf; x'g ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ghfg]/ ug]{ cEof;eGbf k/f]If 1fg cyf{t\ c¿n] hfg]/ eg]sf] 1fg >]i7
x'G5 t/ k/f]If 1fgeGbf …dÚ k/d]Zj/sf] Wofg >]i7 x'G5 . zf:q jf k/f]If 1fg hlt;'s} d"Nojfg\
eP klg Tof] pwf/f] 1fg xf] . hfGg] JolQmx¿ kt~hln, jlzi7, zª\s/frfo{, /fdfg'h cflbnfO{
hfgsf/L ePsf] 1fgaf6 hfg]sf] 1fg JolQmsf] cfˆgf] cg'ej xf]Og . ;'g]/ k9]/ k|fKt ePsf]
1fgaf6 JolQmsf] clnslt a'l4 / :d[lt t a9\5 t/ cfˆgf] cg'ejsf] 1fg h:tf] a9\g ;Sb}g .
o;af6 ;ª\u|x / hfgsf/L a9\5 t/ af]w a9\b}g . af]w :jcg'ejn] dfq a9\5 .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– k/f]If 1fgeGbf k/d]Zj/sf] Wofg >]i7 5 . x] ch{'g Û
ltdL cEof;sf] dfu{ klg cjnDag gu/ lsgeg] dd{ ghfg]/ cEof; ubf{ emg\ vt/gfs x'G5 .
zf:qsf] dfu{ klg 5f]8, lsgeg] Tof] csf{sf] 1fg xf], h'g ltd|f] :jcg'ej xf]Og . To;}n] k/f]If
1fgeGbf …dÚ k/d]Zj/sf] Wofg >]i7 x'G5 . hlt ;do JolQm cEof;df nufpF5, To;eGbf a9L
;do zf:qdf nufpg' pko'Qm x'G5 / hlt ;do zf:qdf nufpF5, Tof] eGbf a9L ;do k/dfTdfsf]
Wofgdf nufpg' pko'Qm x'G5 . s]xL gu/]/ cfˆgf] dgnfO{ zfGt / z/L/nfO{ lzlyn agfP/ Tof]
zfGt If0fdf leq >Ls[i0fsf] k|ltdf :yflkt u/]/ s]jn Ps gfd :d/0f ug{' g} k/dfTdfsf] Wofg xf] .
o;/L k|e':d/0f ubf{ub}{ Ps lbg cfkm" x/fO{ z"Go eP/ k/dfTdf dfq z]if /xG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
…dÚ k/d]Zj/sf] WofgeGbf ;a} sd{sf] kmn d]/f nflu Tofu ug{' >]i7 x'G5 lsgeg] Wofg klg
JolQmsf] sd{ xf] . Wofg ubf{ d Wofg ul//x]sf] 5' eGg] nfu]df leq cxª\sf/sf] ;"Id /]vf
alg/xG5 . To;}n] WofgeGbf klg >]i7 ;a} sd{sf] kmnsf] Tofu …dÚ df ug{' pQd x'G5 / To:tf]
Tofuaf6 k/d zflGt k|fKt x'G5 . kmnfsfª\IfL dxŒjfsfª\IfL x'G5 . t;y{ p;sf] dg b'lawfdf eP/
czfGt x'G5 . kmnfsfª\Iffsf] af]em lz/df ePdf JolQm a]r}g / czfGt /xG5 . kmnsf] af]em
k/dfTdfdf 5f]l8lbP af]em/lxt eP/ :jtM zflGt k|fKt x'G5 .
stf{kg cxª\sf/sf] lap xf] / sd{ d ub}{ 5' eGg] efj cxª\sf/ xf] . t;y{ stf{kg / sd{
TofUg g;Sbf sd{sf] kmn …dÚ df 5f]l8b]pm eg]/ >Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] xf] . dd{ ghfg]/ To;sf]
kl/0ffd g;f]rL u/]sf] cEof; 3fts l;4 x'G5 . To:tf] cEof;eGbf k/f]If 1fg h'g 1fg zf:q
hfGg] JolQmx¿sf] cg'ejsf] ;ª\u|x xf], h;df d"Nojfg\ ;"q k|s6 / u'Kt klg x'G5g\ Tof] >]i7 xf] .
nf]suLtf– 523
cWofo–!@
t/ k/f]If 1fgdf :jcg'ejsf] sdLn] Tof] 1fg xf]Og s]jn hfgsf/L dfq xf] . To;}n] To;eGbf …dÚ
k/d]Zj/sf] Wofg h;df dg zfGt / l:y/ x'G5 Tof] >]i7 xf] . Wofgdf klg JolQmdf æd Wofg ub}{
5'Æ eGg] efjn] cxª\sf/sf] ;"Id/]vf lgld{t x'g] x'Fbf ;Dk"0f{ sd{sf] kmn TofUg' plrt x'G5 /
k/dfTdfdf kmnfsfª\Iff 5f]8\gfn] tTsfn af]em/lxt eP/ zflGt kmlnt x'G5 .
cå]i6f ;j{e"tfgf+ d}qM s?0f Pj r .
lgd{df] lg/xÍf/M ;db'Mv;'vM IfdL ..!#..
x] ch{'g Û zflGtk|fKt k'?if ;a} k|f0fLdf å]ifefjaf6 /lxt, :jfy{/lxt, ;a}sf] k|]dL, sf/0f/lxt
Pjd\ bofn' x'G5 tyf ddtfaf6 /lxt, cxª\sf/af6 /lxt, b'v–;'vsf] k|flKtdf ;d / Ifdfjfg\ x'G5 ..
;Gt'i6M ;tt+ of]uL otfTdf b[9lgZroM .
døolk{tdgf]a'l4of]{ d∫QmM ; d] lk|oM ..!$..
ck/fw ug]{nfO{ klg ceo lbg]jfnf, lg/Gt/ ;Gt'i6, dg / OlG›o;lxt z/L/nfO{ jzdf
u/]sf] / …dÚ df b[9 lgZro ug]{jfnf / Tof] …dÚdf ck{0f ug]{ dg a'l4jfnf d]/f] eQm dnfO{ lk|o 5 ..
k/dfTdfnfO{ lk|o / ?lrs/ nfUg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L JolQmsf nflu k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg] dfu{
x'g ;S5 . k/dfTdf JolQmnfO{ s:tf] b]Vg rfxG5 / pm s;/L k/dfTdfsf lglDt of]Uo x'g ;S5
eg]/ ;a} hfGg rfxG5g\ . k/dfTdf x/]s If0f xfd|f nflu pknAw 5 / ha xfdL Ps ljz]if
lgoddf x'G5f}“, ta xfdL p;sf nflu v'Nnf x'G5f}“ / k/dfTdf xfdLdf k|j]z u5{ . t/ ha xfdL Tof]
vf; lgoddf x'Fb}gf+}“, ta pm xfd|f] glhs c8\ls/xG5 lsgeg] xfdL p;nfO{ k|j]z ug{ glbg] cj/f]w
v8f u5f}{+ . ;"o{nfO{ b]Vg' 5 eg] cfFvf v'nf /fVg'k5{ . aGb cfFvfdf ;"o{ k|j]z ug{ ;Sb}g lsgeg]
;"o{ cgfqmfds 5 . o; hut\df ;a} Joj:yfx¿ cgfqmfds 5g\ / JolQmsf] k|tLIff ub{5g\ . cfFvf
p3f/]kl5 ;"o{sf] k|sfz JolQmdf el/G5 . To:t} k|]d klg cgfqmfds x'G5 . olb JolQm cfˆgf] leqL
åf/ vf]n]/ u|fxs aGg ;s]df k/dfTdfleq k|j]z ug{ ;Sg] 5 . olb JolQmn] ;Dk"0f{ leqL åf/ aGb
u/]/ a;]df k/dfTdf åf/;Dd cfP/ klg k|j]z gu/L kmls{G5 . o; Znf]sdf >Ls[i0f k/dfTdfnfO{
lk|o x'g] 9ª\u atfpg'x'G5 . JolQm o:tf] x'g ;Sg'k¥of] hxfF k/dfTdf ;lhn};Fu p;df k|j]z ug{
;sf];\ .
>Ls[i0f zflGtk|fKt k'?ifdf k/dfTdf k|j]z ub{5 eGg'x'G5 . czfGt lrt cfkm+}“df u|l;t eP/
a]xf];Ldf x'G5 . pm htf lxF8] klg / h] u/] klg czflGtsf] cfFwLsf] sf/0fn] a]xf];Ld} lxFl8/x]sf]
x'G5 . JolQmsf] o:tf] leqb]lvsf] czflGt g} k/dfTdfsf] k|flKtsf nflu kvf{n xf] . of] ljlIfKttfsf]
cj:yf x6\gf;fy pm k/dfTdfdf k|j]z u5{ t/ czflGtsf] cj:yfdf xfdL k/dfTdf;Fu hf]l8g
;Sb}gf}F . xfdLnfO{ zflGt klg elQm, k|]d / Wofgdf k|fKt x'G5 / ljrf/z"Go ePdf k|]d / elQmkmlnt
x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o;k|sf/ zflGtdf k|fKt k'?if ;a} k|f0fLx¿df å]ifefj/lxt, :jfy{/lxt
;a}sf] k|]dL / bofn' x'G5 .
:jfy{/lxt, ;a}sf] k|]dL / bofn' JolQm g}+ zfGt JolQmsf] pbfx/0f xf] . t/ JolQm cfkm"leq
:jfy{sf] s]G› agfP/ afFR5 . p;nfO{ cfˆgf] 5'› ;d:of / lghL :jfy{ g} dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 . oxL
:jfy{sf] s]G› g} JolQmsf] czflGtsf] sf/0f xf] . :jfy{/lxt JolQm k/dfTdfsf nflu v'nf åf/ xf]
lsgeg] :jfy{n] el/Psf] JolQmsf] k|j]zåf/ aGb x'G5 . :jfy{/lxt JolQmsf] hLjg pT;jdo x'G5 /
pm hLjgsf] pT;jdf csf/0f ;lDdlnt x'G5 . xfdLx¿ bof klg x]t'k"j{s u5f}{+ / s;}nfO{ bof
ug{'k¥of] eg] klg sf/0f geO{ bof ub}{gf}+ . b'vL ul/anfO{ ;xof]u ubf{ bfg 3l6t x'G5 t/ To;sf
k5fl8 cfˆg} lxt, :jfy{ / k'0o cfh{gsf] OR5f n's]sf] 5 eg] Tof] bfg xf]Og Jofkf/ x'G5 . x]t'/lxt
bofn' JolQmdf k/dfTdf k|j]z u5{ / pm k/dfTdfsf] lk|o x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 524
 cWofo–!@
xfdL k|]d klg ljgf k|of]hg ub}{gf+}“ / k|]ddf klg r'gfj u/L s;}nfO{ k|]d u5f}{+ / s;}nfO{
ub}{gf+}“ . h:tf] klt–kTgLsf] k|]d klg sfdjf;gfsf] t[lKt / cfly{s ;'/Iffsf nflu x'G5 . olb JolQmn]
;a}nfO{ k|]d u/]df p;sf] ;a} åf/ v'nf x'G5 / k/dfTdf ;a} åf/af6 p;df k|j]z ug{ ;S5 . To;}n]
k/dfTdfsf nflu åf/ vf]Ng'sf] cy{ ;a}k|lt k|]dk"0f{ x'g' xf] . xfdL k|]d klg :jfy{ ePsf];Fu u5f+}{,
:jfy{ gePsf];Fu ub}{gf+}“ / xfd|f] k|]ddf ;w}+“ s]G›df xfdL cfkm" x'G5f}“ . k|]d cfkm}df k"0f{ x'G5≤ To;}n]
of] cfgGbsf] cufl8 c¿ rfxgfsf] cy{ g} /xFb}g . h'g lbg k|]d cfgGb xf] eGg] cg'ej x'G5, Tof]
lbg k|]dsf] lj:tf/sf] s'g} cGt x'Fb}g . cfˆgf] glhssf x/]s j:t' j[If, kz'kIfLb]lv ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fL;Fu
k|]d x'G5 / x/]s k|]ddf cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 . ha k|]d g} cfgGb aG5 ta Tof] cfGfGbdo JolQm
k/dfTdfsf nflu lk|o x'G5 . k|]d g} hLjg xf] eGg] cg'ejn] JolQmsf] k|]dnfO{ :jfy{/lxt agfpF5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h'g k'?if ;a} k|f0fLx¿df å]ifefjaf6 /lxt, :jfy{/lxt, ;a}sf] k|]dL,
x]t'/lxt, bofn', ddtf/lxt, cxª\sf//lxt, b'v–;'vsf] k|flKtdf ;d / Ifdfjfg\ ePsf] eQm
k/dfTdfsf lglDt lk|o x'G5 . ;a}sf] k|]dL / ddtf/lxt eGbf pN6f] h:tf] k|tLt x'G5 lsgeg] k|]dL
;w+} ddtfn] el/k"0f{ x'G5 eGg] xfd|f] ;f]rfO 5 t/ ddtf k|]d xf]Og . k|]d gbLsf] axfj xf] / ddtf
kfgL hDdf ePsf] kf]v/L h:tf] xf] . k|]d gbLsf] wf/f h:tf] alu/xG5 / p;sf] kydf cfpg]
k|To]snfO{ k|]dn] g'xfP/ cufl8 a9\5 . k|]d lj:tf/ ePdf cgGt cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 . kz'kIfL,
jg:kltb]lv ;f/f k[YjL / ;f/f cl:tTj;Dd km}lnP/ ;a}df k|]d a9]df JolQm k/dfTdfsf] lk|o x'G5 /
;a}lt/ km}lnPsf] åf/af6 k/dfTdf k|j]z u/]/ k/d cfgGb k|bfg u5{ t/ ddtf kfgL hd]sf] kf]v/L
h:tf] x'Fbf o;df axfj / wf/f x'Fb}g . To;}n] of] ;8]–un]sf] / b'u{lGwt x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn]
ddtf/lxt eGg'ePsf] xf] . pxfF eGg'x'G5– ;a}sf] k|]dL, x]t'/lxt, bofn' / ddtfaf6 /lxt hxfF k|]d
sxLF klg g/f]lsg] / gbL h:t} alx/xg] xf];\ . h;n] k|]dnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ /f]lsG5 Tof] JolQm b'vdf
k5{ / o:tf] k|]d klg afwf aG5 . To;}n] ddtfsf] lj/f]w s[i0fn] ug{'ePsf] xf] . ddtf;lxtsf] k|]d
?U0f x'g] x'gfn] >Ls[i0fn] ddtf/lxt k|]d eGg'ePsf] xf] . ddtf x6]/ k|]d a9]df k/dfTdfsxfF k'luG5
/ ddtf a9]/ k|]d 36\of] eg] ;+;f/lt/ k'luG5 .
>Ls[i0f cxª\sf//lxt, ;'v–b'v k|flKtdf ;d, Ifdjfg\, ck/fw ug]{nfO{ klg ceo lbg]jfnf
k'?if eGg'x'G5 . k|]d hlt a9\5 plt cxª\sf/z"Go x'Fb} hfG5 . k|]dsf] km}nfj6af6 cxª\sf//lxt
eOG5 lsgeg] k|]d / cxª\sf/ ljk/Lt x'g\ . k|]d a9]kl5 cxª\sf/ hn]/ v/fgL x'G5 / h'g zlQm
cxª\sf/ aG5 ToxL zlQm k|]ddf kl/jlt{t x'G5 . k|]d / cxª\sf/df Pp6} zlQmn] sfd u5{ . olb
sf]xL cxª\sf/L 5 eg] p;leq k|]dsf] ;Defjgf n's]sf] x'G5 . ;'v;Fu b'v klg cfkm}+ cfpF5 lsgeg]
;'v–b'v Pp6} l;Ssfsf b'O{ kf6f x'g\ . ;'vsf] k5fl8 b'v / b'vsf] k5fl8 ;'v n's]sf] x'G5 . ;'vs}
cg'kftdf b'v klg a9\5 / 36\5 . lj1fgn] clxn] ;'v xf]Og ;'lawfsf pkfox¿ u/]sf] 5 t/
JolQmsf] b'vdf s'g} sdL cfPsf] 5}g lsgeg] hlt ;'v a9\5 ToxL cg'kftdf b'v klg a9\5 .
dg'io cfh hlt b'vL slxNo} klg lyPg . h'g lbg JolQmnfO{ ;'v–b'v Pp6} l;Ssfsf b'O{ kf6f x'g\
/ b'j} ;Fu;Fu} cfpF5g\ eGg] af]w x'G5 Tof] lbg pm ;defjL x'G5 . Tof] lbg p;nfO{ ;'v rfxg' /
b'vnfO{ 5f]8\g vf]Hg' Joy{ nfU5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] ;'v b'vdf ;d 5 o:tf] JolQm k/dfTdfsf] lk|o x'G5 . Ifdfjfg\ /
ck/fw ug]{nfO{ klg ceo lbg]jfnf JolQm k/dfTdfsf] lk|o x'G5 . JolQm k|foM Ifdfjfg\ x'Fb}g lsgeg]
Ifdf ug{' a8f] sl7g s'/f xf] . qmf]w, sfdjf;gf, 3[0ff h:tf efjx¿ xfdL leq} l:yt 5g\ . xfdL
s;}nfO{ rf]/ of xTof/f ;lhn} eG5f}“ t/ ToxL rf]/L / xTofsf] efj xfdLleq klg x'G5 / efjn]

nf]suLtf– 525
cWofo–!@
xfdLn] s}og\sf] xTof klg ul/;s]sf x'G5f}“ . o:tf] s'g} kfk x'Fb}g h'g JolQmn] ug{ grfx]sf] xf];\ t/
JolQmn] eosf] sf/0fn] kfk gu/]sf] x'g ;S5 .
xfdL cfkm+}“df olt w]/} cju'0fx¿ df}h'b 5g\ eGg] af]w ePdf c¿dfly qmf]lwt x'g] s'g}
sf/0f /xFb}g . s'g} JolQm rf]/Lsf] of xTofsf] w]/} lj/f]w u5{ eg] p;leq rf]/ of xTof/f n's]sf] 5
eGg] hfGg'k5{ lsgeg] pm Tof] s'/fsf] lj/f]w u/]/ cfkm"df ePsf] sdhf]/LnfO{ n'sfpg vf]H5 . JolQm
o:tf] cfTdlg/LIf0f ug{ ;kmn ePdf Ifdfsf] efj :jtM pTkGg x'g yfN5 . cfTdlg/LIf0faf6}
JolQmn] o:tf] s'g} kfk 5}g, hf] cfkm'n] ug{ grfx]sf] xf];\ eGg] yfxf kfpF5 . To;}n] p;n] c¿dfly
w]/} qmf]lwt x'g] cfjZostf g} 7fGb}g . o:tf] cfTdlg/LIf0f ug]{ JolQmdf Ifdfefjsf] hGd x'G5 .
Ifdfsf] cy{ cxª\sf/ k'li6 ug{sf nflu dxfgtf k|bz{g ug{' xf]Og lsgeg] o:tf] Ifdf :jfyL{ Ifdf
xf] . cfˆgf] cj:yf ljrf/ u/]/ c¿sf] uNtL, ck/fwnfO{ Ifdf ug{' plrt Ifdf xf] . e'n ug]{
JolQmsf] h:t} sdhf]/L ddf klg l:yt 5 eGg] af]waf6 ul/Psf] Ifdf plrt Ifdf xf] . JolQmsf]
leq lgs[i6td / >]i7td b'j} efj l:yt 5 / c¿df klg To:t} b'j} efj l:yt 5 eGg] af]wn]
JolQmsf] hLjgdf Ifdf kmlnt u/fpF5 . o:tf] Ifdf ;xh x'G5 / o;df s'g} cxª\sf/ k}bf x'Fb}g .
o;}u/L h'g of]udf o'Qm ePsf] of]uL lg/Gt/ nfe–xflgdf ;Gt'i6, dg / OlG›o;lxt
z/L/nfO{ jzdf u/]sf] / …dÚdf b[9 lgZrojfnf 5 Tof] …dÚdf ck{0f u/]sf] dg a'l4jfnf d]/f] eQm
dnfO{ lk|o 5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ h] lk|o x'G5 ToxL k/dfTdf;Dd k'Ug] åf/ xf] . oL
u'0fx¿sf] vf]h gu/L k/dfTdf;dIf k'Ug ;lsGg . k/dfTdfdf pknAw x'g] u'0fx¿ vf]h u/]/
ulx/fOdf plqPdf k/dfTdf;Fu ldNg] rfxgf k"/f x'G5 . l7s hLjg afFr]df k/dfTdf;Fu ldng
lglZrt x'G5 . s[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] ljlw / dfu{ l7s hLjgsf nflu xf] . pxfFn] eGg'ePsf u'0fx¿sf]
kfngf l7s hLjg xf] . cxª\sf/z"Gotf, ;a}k|lt ;xh k|]d, Ifdf, Psfu| lrQ h:tf 36gfx¿ 3l6t
x'g' eg]sf] hLjg ;fy{s x'g' xf] . k/dfTdfnfO{ unt lbzfdf vf]hL u/]/ pm k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g .
gfl:tsx¿ klg k/d cfgGbsf] vf]hL ul//x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ hLjgsf] k|of]hg, clek|fo / o;sf]
;fy{stfsf] vf]hL ub{5g\ h'g k/dfTdfs} vf]hL xf] . k/dfTdfnfO{ gvf]Hg] JolQm g} x'Fb}g t/ vf]Hg]
lbzf s;}sf] l7s / s;}sf] a]l7s dfq x'G5 . cfgGb, hLjgsf] clek|fo / cl:tTjsf] vf]h ;a}
k/dfTdfs} vf]h x'g\ . ;"o{sf ljk/Lt lxF8\g] JolQmnfO{ ;"o{ b]lvFb}g t/ ;"o{lt/ pGd'v x'gf;fy
p;nfO{ ;"o{sf] bz{g x'G5 . To:t} k/dfTdfaf6 xfdL hlt k/ eP klg p;tkm{ pGd'v ePdf t'?Gt}
bz{g x'g ;S5 lsgeg] k/dfTdf t xfdLleq g} l:yt 5 . of] b"/L s]jn d'v pGd'v geO{ ljd'v
x'gfsf sf/0fn] dfq k}bf ePsf] xf] .
;+;f/nfO{ b[li6 lbg ;Sg] Ifdtf OlG›odf 5 t/ p;n] JolQmleq s]xL b]Vg ;Sb}g . To;}n]
o:tf] OlG›osf ;fydf k/dfTdfsf] vf]hL ug{' d"v{tf xf] . afXo OlG›oaf6 leqL vf]h x'g ;Sb}g
lsgeg] OlG›ox¿sf] klg ;Ldf 5 / of] ;+;f/;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . k/dfTdfsf] vf]hLdf afXo OlG›o
aGb u/]/ leqsf] vf]h ug{'k5{ h'g vf]hsf] gfd cWofTd xf] . cGtdf ha JolQmnfO{ leqsf] vf]haf6
d h] vf]lh/x]sf] lyPF Tof] t d]/} leq ;b}j l:yt lyof] / slxNo} x/fPsf] klg lyPg eGg] yfxf x'G5
ta cfkm";Fu ePsf] s'/f aflx/ vf]h]sf]df JolQm b'vL dfq x'G5 . hLjgdf OR5f/lxttfsf] cj:yf
k|fKt ug{' xfd|f] Wo]o xf] . k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg p;nfO{ kfpg] rfxgf / jf;gf klg 5f]8\g'k5{ . ;+;f/
kfpg bf}8df ;fldn x'g'k5{ t/ k/dfTdf kfpg dxŒjfsfª\Iff / bf}8 5f]8]/ zfGt lrQ eP/
cfk"mleq p;sf] vf]hL ug{'k5{ .

nf]suLtf– 526
 cWofo–!@
o:dfGgf]låht] nf]sf] nf]sfGgf]låht] r oM .
xiff{dif{eof]å]u}d{'Qmf] oM ; r d] lk|oM ..!%..
x] ch{'g Û h;af6 s'g} klg hLj pb\j]unfO{ k|fKt x'bF }g, hf] :jod\ klg s'g} hLj;Fu pb\j]unfO{
k|fKt x'bF }g / hf] xif{, cxif{, eo / pb\j]uflbaf6 /lxt 5 ToxL eQm dnfO{ lk|o 5 ..
cgk]IfM z'lrb{If pbf;Lgf] utJoyM .
;jf{/Dekl/TofuL of] d∫QmM ; d] lk|oM ..!^..
hf] k'?if cfsfª\Iff/lxt, aflx/ leqaf6 z'4, rt'/, kIfkftaf6 /lxt / b'vaf6 5'6]sf] 5 Tof]
;a} cf/Desf] TofuL d]/f] eQm dnfO{ lk|o 5 ..
>Ls[i0f k/dfTdfnfO{ lk|o x'g] c¿ klg nIf0fx¿ eGb} x'g'x'G5 . oL ;a} u'0fx¿ k/dfTdftkm{
pGd'v u/fpg] / ;dLk n}hfg] u'0fx¿ x'g\ . h'g JolQm;Fu s'g} hLj cfj]zdf cfpFb}g, hf] :jod\
klg s'g} hLj;Fu cfj]zdf cfpFb}g / h;sf] sf/0f s;}nfO{ czflGt x'Fb}g o:tf] eQm k/dfTdfsf
lglDt lk|o x'G5 . JolQmn] cfˆgf sf/0fn] sf]xL plåUg gxf];\ eg]/ ;ts{ x'g'k5{ / sf]xL plåUg
ePdf klg cfkm" zfGt g} /xg'k5{ . t/ plåUg x'g JolQmn] cg]s axfgf vf]H5 . o; Znf]sdf
>Ls[i0fn] cfkm" c¿sf] plåUgtfsf] sf/0f gaGg' eGg'ePsf] 5 . JolQm zfGt ePdf csf]{ JolQm
p;sf sf/0f czfGt, plåUg jf qm'4 x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] p;nfO{ cfˆgf] kl/l:yltsf sf/0f qmf]w
k|s6 ePsf] af]w x'G5 . slxn]sfxLF plåUgtfsf] sf/0f gx'Fbf klg csf]{ JolQm p;;Fu plåUg x'g
;S5 t/ o:tf] cj:yfdf klg csf]{ JolQmsf] plåUgtfnfO{ xfF;]/ bofefjn] x]g{ ;s]df To:tf] JolQm
wfld{s x'G5 . xfdL s;}nfO{ b'v lbg] sf/0f ePgf}F eg] s'g} JolQmn] xfdLnfO{ rfx]/ klg b'v lbg
;Sb}g . olb JolQmsf] leq}af6 c¿nfO{ plåUg ug]{ sf/0f ;dfKt ePsf] 5 eg] of] k/dfTdfsf] lk|o
x'g] nIf0f xf] . JolQmnfO{ b08:j¿k d[To' g} lbP klg olb pm qmf]wsf] sf/0f aGb}g eg] o:tf] JolQm
k/dfTdfsf] ;dLk x'G5 / o:tf] JolQm dnfO{ lk|o x'G5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 .
ha xfdL c¿sf] b'vdf b'v JoQm u5f}{+, ta leq xfdLdf b'v xf]Og ;'v x'G5 eg]/ dg;ljb\
eGb5g\ . xfdL b'vL ePsf] clego dfq u5f}{+ lsgeg] ;xfg'e"ltdf klg Psk|sf/sf] v';L n's]sf]
x'G5 . c¿sf] ;'v of b'vdf ;'vL of b'vL ta x'g ;lsG5, ha d]/f] eGg] efj /xFb}g / csf]{ JolQm
c¿ g} xf] eGg] nfUb}g . …dÚ g/x]kl5 leqsf] cl:dtf z]if x'Fb}g . s;}sf] 7'nf] dxn b]v]/ olb xfdL
v';L x'G5f}“ eg] p;sf] ToxL dxn hNbf xfdL b'vL x'g' ;To x'G5 . o:tf] kl/l:ylt g} JolQm
jf:tljs ¿kdf b'vL jf ;'vL eP–gePsf] hfFRg] s;L xf] . cxª\sf/ z]if g/x]kl5 cfˆgf] ;'v ;'v
x'Fb}g / b'v klg b'v x'Fb}g≤ To:tf] kl/l:yltdf JolQm cfˆgf] / c¿sf] klg xif{ / cdif{ b'j}af6 d'Qm
x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] xif{, cdif{, eo / på]u/lxt 5, h;nfO{ v';Lsf] If0fdf klg xif{ x'Fb}g /
c¿sf] v';Ln] cdif{ klg x'Fb}g≤ o:tf] cj:yfdf k'u]kl5 p;nfO{ s'g} s'/fn] cyf{t\ d[To'n] klg
eoeLt ug{ ;Sb}g . d[To' klg Ps :jKg xf] lsgeg] sf]xL slxNo} db}{g s]jn d/]sf] k|tLt dfq
x'G5 . h;sf] cGt/bzfdf d[To' 3l6t x'g ;Sb}g / s;}n] klg dnfO{ dfg{ ;Sb}g eGg] af]w x'G5
To:tf] JolQm dnfO{ lk|o 5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . hf] JolQm ceo 5 Tof] dnfO{ lk|o 5 . hLjgdf
Pp6} eo x'G5 Tof] xf]– d[To'sf] eo . d[To'sf] eo d"n / c¿ eo zfvfx¿ x'g\ . la/fdL / b'vsf]
eo klg d[To's} eo xf] . OlG›osf] hut\df d[To' 3l6t eO/xG5 . ha;Dd JolQm OlG›osf] kf/
x'Fb}g, ta;Dd d[To' b]lv/xG5 / d[To'sf] eon] p;nfO{ ;tfO/xG5 .
gfl:tsx¿ eGb5g\– ;a} kbfy{ dfq} 5 hLjg 5}g lsgeg] d[To' rf/}lt/ 3l6t eO/x]sf] 5
To;}n] hLjgsf] s'/f ug{' g} Joy{ 5 . pgLx¿ oxfF hLjg Ps ;kgf dfq xf] lsgeg] oxfF d[To' dfq

nf]suLtf– 527
cWofo–!@
;To 5 eG5g\ . aflx/af6 hLjgsf af/]df s]xL yfxf x'Fb}g / of] emns klg d[To'nfO{ k|s6 ug{ cfP
h:tf] nfU5 . OlG›ox¿af6 kbfy{sf cltl/Qm s]xL klg yfxf x'Fb}g, To;}n] eo x'G5 . hf] OlG›osf]
kf/ b]Vg ;S5 p;nfO{ slxNo} gdg]{ cd[t tŒjsf] hfgsf/L x'G5 . of] cd[tsf] af]w gx'Gh]n JolQm
eoeLt eO/xG5 . axfb'/L / sfo/tf b'j} ljnLg ePkl5 g} ceosf] cj:yf cfpF5 To;}n] ceosf]
cy{ lge{o xf]Og o;sf] cy{ hf] eoeLt x'Fb}g eGg] xf] . ceosf] cj:yf k|fKt ePsf] JolQmnfO{ d[To'
slxNo} 3l6t x'Fb}g eg]/ yfxf x'G5 . hf] k'?if cfsfª\Iff/lxt tyf aflx/ leqaf6 z'4, bIf / h'g
sfdsf nflu cfPsf] 5 To;nfO{ k"/f ul/;s]sf] 5 Pjd\ kIfkftaf6 /lxt / b'vaf6 5'6]sf] 5 Tof]
;jf{/Desf] TofuL eQm dnfO{ lk|o 5 . h;n] jf;gfsf] Joy{tfnfO{ a'em]sf] 5, hf] cfsfª\Iff/lxt 5,
hf] rfxgfsf] dfu ub}{g, kfPs}df ;Gt'i6 eP/ eG5 oxL d]/f] rfxgf xf] Tof] eQm dnfO{ lk|o 5 eg]/
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . xfdLx¿ h] kfpF5f“} To;sf] ljrf/ gu/L gkfPsf] j:t'sf] rfxgf u5f}{+ / Tof]
gkfpGh]n To;s} ljrf/ ul//xG5f}+“ t/ Tof] k|fKt ePdf To;nfO{ e'n]/ csf]{ rfxgfsf] kl5 nfU5f}+ .
cfsfª\Iffsf] cy{ h] 5}g To;sf] vf]h xf] / cfsfª\Iffaf6 d'lQmsf] cy{ h] 5 To;}df ;Gt'i6 x'g' xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– z'4 t ToxL JolQm x'g ;S5, hf] aflx/ leq Ps x'G5 . leq Pp6f /
aflx/ cs}{ x'g] JolQm cz'4 x'G5 . kfgL klg ta;Dd z'4 x'G5, ha;Dd To;df kfgLsf] cltl/Qm
s]xL xF'b}g . kfgLdf b'w ldl;Pkl5 Tof] cz'4 x'G5, ljhftLo s'/fn] cz'l4 u5{ . aflx/ / leqsf]
;d/;tf / Pskgf g} z'l4 xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] aflx/ leq Ps eP/ z'4 5, o:tf] JolQm dnfO{ lk|o 5 . aflx/ leq
Ps x'gf;fy åGå ;lsG5 / lgå{Gådf k'Ugsf nflu JolQm tof/ x'G5 clg ;dfg;Fu ;dfg ldNg
;S5 . t;y{ aflx/ leq Ps} x'g] JolQm k/dfTdfsf] Åbodf jf; u5{ . bIf JolQm h'g sfdsf nflu
cfPsf] x'G5 p;n] Tof] sfd k"/f ul/;s]sf] x'G5 . k|To]s bIf JolQm jf;gfdf plqP/ jf;gf Joy{ xf]
eGg] hfGg, cfsfª\Iff u/]/ of] ljif xf] eGg] hfGg / ;+;f/df plqP/ of] cfuf] xf] eg]/ hfGg] cg'ej
ug{sf nflu cfPsf] x'G5 . olb oxL cg'ej ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g eg] JolQm bIf x'Fb}g t/ of] cg'ej ug]{
JolQm bIf x'G5 . t;y{ bIf JolQm k/dfTdfsf] lk|o x'G5 . kIfkftaf6 /lxt, ;j} b'vaf6 5'6]sf], ;j{
cf/Desf] TofuL d]/f] eQm dnfO{ lk|o 5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . cf/Desf] cy{ hxfF sfdgf /
jf;gf ;'? x'G5 . Tof] jf;gfnfO{ cf/Ded} 5f]8\g'k5{ lsgeg] lar of cGtdf 5f]8\g ;lsGg .
cf/Dedf g/f]s]sf] jf;gfn] ;dft]kl5 To;af6 5'6\g ;lsFb}g . To;}n] OR5f, sfdgf, jf;gfsf] Tof]
pk›jnfO{ ;''?df g} lrGg] / lrGg] lalQs} t'?Gt Tofu ug]{jfnf ;j{ cf/Desf] TofuL eQm s[i0fnfO{
lk|o x'G5 .
eQmsf] dfu{ :q}0f lrQsf] dfu{ xf] / :q}0f x'g'sf] cfWoflTds cy{ u|fxs x'g' xf] . k'?if
cfqmfds x'G5 . h}ljs Joj:yfdf klg pm cfqmfds x'G5 / :qL u|fxs x'G5g\ . elQmsf] dfu{ :q}0f
lrQsf] / u|fxs eP/ :jLsf/ ug]{ dfu{ xf] . ToxfF k/dfTdfnfO{ cfkm"leq >4fk"j{s :jLsf/ ug{sf
nflu ue{ aGg'k5{ . eujfg\sf nflu ue{ aGg g;Sg] eQm x'g ;Sb}g . ;a} wd{, eQm ;Dk|bfox¿n]
:q}0f u'0fnfO{ a8f] d"No lbPsf 5g\ . hLjgsf ;a} d"Nojfg\ s'/fx¿ sxLF g sxLF cfdf;Fu hf]l8Psf
x'G5g\ / ;'Gb/ sf]dn km"n h:tf] ;a} ;f}Gbo{ :qL;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . :qLx¿ zfGt, t[Kt / cfkm"
x'g'af6 ;Gt'i6 x'G5g\ . t;y{ :qL k/d u'0fdf ;dtf xf] . efj, elQm, k|]d ;a} :q}0f rl/qdf
kb{5g\ . s[i0f klg eQmsf] h'g u'0f eGg'x'G5, Tof] ;a} :q}0f u'0f xf] . dxfjL/n] h;nfO{ clx+;f,
a'4n] h;nfO{ s?0ff / lh;;n] h;nfO{ k|]d eGg'x'G5, tL ;a} :q}0f u'0f x'g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h'g k'?if g hLjsf] på]usf] sf/0f aG5 g t hLjåf/f g} på]u x'G5, hf]
cfˆgf] pGgltdf xif{/lxt x'G5 / c¿sf] pGgltdf klg cdif{/lxt x'G5 clg d[To'sf] eoaf6 klg

nf]suLtf– 528
 cWofo–!@
c5'tf] x'G5≤ o:tf] eQm k/dfTdfsf lglDt lk|o x'G5 . hf] eQm cfsfª\Iff, rfxgf / jf;gf/lxt x'G5,
aflx/ leq z'4 / Ps x'G5 o:tf] JolQm k/dfTdfnfO{ lk|o x'G5 . OR5f, sfdgf / jf;gfnfO{ lrg]/
cf/Ded}F Tofu ug]{ / s;}nfO{ kIfkft gug]{ JolQm g}F k/dfTdfsf] lk|o x'G5 .
of] g Åiolt g å]li6 g zf]rlt g sfª\Iflt .
z'efz'ekl/TofuL elQmdfGoM ; d] lk|oM ..!&..
hf] g slxNo} xlif{t x'G5, g å]if, g zf]s, g sfdgf g} u5{ / hf] z'e–cz'e ;Dk"0f{ sd{sf]
TofuL 5, To:tf] elQmo'Qm k'?if dnfO{ lk|o 5 ..
;dM zqf} r ldq] r tyf dfgfkdfgof]M .
zLtf]i0f;'vb'Mv]if' ;dM ;Ëljjlh{tM ..!*..
hf] zq'–ldqdf / dfg–ckdfgdf ;d 5 tyf hf8f]–udL{ / ;'v–b'vflb åGådf ;d 5 /
cf;lQm/lxt 5, To:tf] eQm d]/f lglDt lk|o 5 ..
hf] g slxNo} xlif{t x'G5, g å]if u5{, g lrGtf u5{, g sfdgf u5{ / hf] z'e–cz'e ;Dk"0f{
kmnx¿sf] TofuL 5 Tof] dnfO{ lk|o 5 . hf] k'?if zq'–ldqdf / dfg–ckdfgdf ;d 5 tyf ;bL{–
udL{ / ;'v–b'vflb åGådf ;d 5 / ;a} ;+;f/df cf;lQm/lxt 5 Tof] d]/f] lk|o eQm xf] eg]/ >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5 . s[i0fsf] of] jrg cln cgf}7f] t/ ulx/f] 5 lsgeg] xlif{t x'g' t /fd|f] xf] / Tof] s;/L
afwf x'g;S5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfUg ;S5 . xfdL b'v n'sfpgsf nflu xfF:5f}F / xfF:g' xfd|f] b'v
e'nfpg] pkfo xf] . cfkm"leqsf] 7'nf] lrGtfnfO{ xfF;]/ xfdL b'v la;{g] k|of; u5f}{+ . k|foM xfF:gfn]
xNsfkg cfpg] x'Fbf s]xL g s]xL sf/0f vf]h]/ b'vL JolQmx¿ xfFl;/xG5g\ t/ o;df pgLx¿n]
cfˆgf] b'v n'sfPsf x'G5g\ . leq b'v ;dfKt eof] eg] b'vsf] sf/0f xfF:g] Joj:yf / xlif{t x'g]
sf/0f klg ;dfKt x'G5 . o;sf] cy{ To:tf] JolQm gxfF;] klg ck|;Gg x'G5 eGg] sbflk xf]Og .
o:tf] cj:yfdf b'vL JolQmsf] k|;Ggtfsf] u'0f ablnP/ p;sf] k|;Ggtf ;xh / csf/0f x'G5 .
p;nfO{ pm slxn] xlif{t eof] eGg] ;Demgf klg x'Fb}g lsgeg] pm slxNo} b'vL g} x'Fb}g . p;nfO{ xif{
/ b'vsf] cGt/ klg yfxf x'Fb}g .
>Ls[i0fsf] d'xf/ slxNo} lrlGtt b]lvFb}g . pxfFsf] k|;Ggtf pxfFsf] cf]7af6 afF;'/Lsf] w'g
ag]/ u'lGhG5 t/ k|foM xfdL h:tf JolQmsf] xfF;f] ?U0f x'G5 lsgeg] ToxfF lx+;f, lrGtf / b'v n's]sf]
x'G5 . s[i0fsf] xfF:g'df Ps ;xh cfgGb / xif{sf] efj x'G5 . pxfFsf] xif{ laxfg ;"o{ pbfpg'eGbf
cufl8sf] zLtn k|sfzsf] cfnf]s h:tf] 5 hxfF ;"o{sf] tfk 5}g . s[i0fsf] k|;Ggtfdf ;'v jf b'v
s]xL 5}g b'j} larsf] ;GWof h:tf] 5 . s[i0fn] hf] g slxNf] xlif{t x'G5 eg]/ slxn]df hf]8 lbg'sf]
cy{ JolQm t slxn] xlif{t x'G5 / slxn] lardf b'vL klg x'G5≤ To;}n] hf] JolQm h'g;'s} cj:yf /
x/]s If0fdf klg xif{/lxt x'G5 eGg vf]Hg'ePsf] xf] . To;}n] pxfF eGg'x'G5– g slxn] xlif{t x'G5 g
å]if u5{ . oyfy{df JolQmsf] b'vsf] sf/0f å]if xf] / å]if ug]{ JolQm b'vL x'G5 . xfd|f] b'vsf] hGd
cfˆgf] b'vsf] sf/0f sd / c¿sf] ;'vsf] sf/0f a9L x'G5 . JolQmsf] ;'v / b'v b'j} c¿sf] b'v /
;'vdf lge{/ u5{ cyf{t\ p;sf] ;'v c¿sf] b'vsf] sf/0fn] / p;sf] b'v c¿sf] ;'vsf] sf/0fn]
pbo x'G5 . c¿n] u/]sf] eGbf 7'nf] s'/f u/]kl5 dfq xfdL ;'vL x'G5f}“ . of] å]if / O{iof{ xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] g xlif{t x'G5, g å]if u5{ g lrGtf u5{, o:tf] eQm dnfO{ lk|o 5 .
k|foM JolQmx¿ jiff+}{ jif{ k'/fgf s'/fx¿ ;Dem]/ cfkm}“nfO{ b'vL agfpF5g\ . o:tf] u/]sf] eP x'GYof],
o;sf/0f d}n] o:tf] ef]Ug'k¥of] eGg] lsl;ddf ctLtsf s'/f sf]6\6\ofP/ lrlGtt eO/xG5g\ .
lrGtfsf] csf]{ sf/0f xf]–eljiosf] lkmqmL ug{' . JolQm Joy{df ctLt hf] lalt;Sof] / eljio hf]
nf]suLtf– 529
cWofo–!@
cfPs} 5}g, To;sf] lrGtfdf cfˆgf] jt{dfg aaf{b u5{ . hf] lrGtf gu/L zfGt / jt{dfgdf 5,
eljiosf] sNkgf ub}{g / ctLtnfO{ sf]6\ofpFb}g, To:tf] JolQm zfGt, lglZrGt, lrGtgz"Go /
ljrf/d'Qm x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] g lrGtf u5{, g sfdgf u5{, z'e–cz'e kmnsf] TofuL, elQmo'Qm
JolQm d]/f] lk|o x'G5 . hf] k'?if zq'–ldqtf, dfg–ckdfgdf, hf8f]–udL{df / ;'Mv–b'vflb åGådf ;d
5 / cf;lQmaf6 /lxt 5, Tof] eQm k'?if dnfO{ lk|o 5 . h;n] z'e–cz'e ;Dk"0f{ sd{ k/dfTdfdf
5f]8\5 / k/dfTdfn] lbPsf] kmn cfˆgf] kfqtfeGbf a9L 7fg]/ dxfk|;fbsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ u5{ To:tf]
eQm s[i0fsf] lk|o x'G5 .
JolQm slxNo} Pp6} s'/fdf l:y/ /xg ;Sb}g, p;sf] dg 8fdf8f]n eO/xG5 . h;nfO{ k|]d
u5{ p;}nfO{ 3[0ff klg u5{ . JolQmsf] dg rf}la;} 306f /fd|f]–g/fd|f], dfg–ckdfgsf] lardf
8fdf8f]n eO/xG5 . o:tf] cl:y/ ljifd dgn] cl:tTjsf] ulx/fO a'‰g ;Sb}g t/ h'g k'?ifn] cfˆgf]
å]if–O{iof{, ;'v–b'v / cfkm“}nfO{ klg ha k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf 5f]l8lbG5, o:tf] eQmnfO{ zq'–ldq
dfg–ckdfgn] s]xL km/s kfb}{g . To;}n] ;'v–b'v, zq'–ldq, dfg–ckdfgdf pm ;d x'g ;S5 cyf{t\
p;sf nflu ;a} ;dfg x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] åGåsf] kf/ ;d 5 / ;'v–b'v b'j}df ljrlnt
x'Fb}g To:tf] eQm dnfO{ lk|o x'G5 . JolQm b'vdf dfq xf]Og 7'nf] ;'v cfpFbf klg ljrlnt x'G5 .
7'nf] lr6\7f k¥of] eg] JolQmsf] k|f0f3ft klg x'g ;S5 . ha s'g} s'/f tLj| ¿kdf x'G5, ta JolQm
ljrlnt x'G5 . ;dsf] cy{ h:tf] kl/l:yltdf klg ljrlnt geO{ Ps ;dfg x'g' xf] . ;'v–b'v,
dfg–ckdfg, åGå, å]if, hf8f]–udL{ oL ;a} s]jn cg'e"lt x'g\ . logLx¿ dfly JolQmn] To;a]nf
ljho kfpg ;S5 ha pm oL cg'e"ltx¿df ;defj :yflkt ug{ ;S5 . ;dsf] cy{ h] h:tf]
kl/l:yltdf klg ljrlnt gx'g' / :jLsf/sf] efjn] clnKt eO{ k/ pleP/ x]l//xg' xf] .
JolQmsf] cf;lQm s'g} ljifo of j:t'x¿k|lt /lx/xG5 . wgL JolQmnfO{ wgk|lt cf;lQm x'G5
eg] k|]dLnfO{ k|]ldsfl;t cf;lQm x'G5 . o:t} sltkonfO{ kb / c¿ ljleGg ljifol;t cf;lQm
/xG5 . o; t'R5 j:t';Fusf] cf;lQmdf xfd|f] cd"No hLjg gi6 x'G5 . ha oL ;a cf;lQmaf6
JolQm d'Qm x'G5, ta pm zfGt / k|]dn] k"0f{ x'G5 / p;nfO{ 9'ª\uf / xL/fdf s]xL cGt/ x'Fb}g . o:tf]
cf;lQm/lxt JolQm k/dfTdfsf lglDt lk|o x'G5 .
t'NolgGbf:t'ltdf}{gL ;Gt'i6f] o]g s]glrt\ .
clgs]tM l:y/dlte{lQmdfGd] lk|of] g/M ..!(..
x] ch{'g Û hf] lgGbf / :t'ltnfO{ ;dfg ;lDemG5, dggzLn 5 / h;/L klg z/L/sf] lgjf{x
x'g]df ;w}+“ ;Gt'i6 5 To:tf] ddtf / cf;lQm/lxt l:y/ a'l4 ePsf] elQmdfg\ k'?if dnfO{ lk|o 5 ..
o] t' wDof{d[tldb+ oyf]Qm+ ko{'kf;t] .
>2wfgf dTk/df eQmf:t]˜tLj d] lk|ofM ..@)..
hf] >4fo'Qm k'?if d]/f] k/fo0f eP/ dfly elgPsf wd{do cd[tsf] lgisfd k|]defjn] k|of]u
ub{5 Tof] eQm dnfO{ cltzo lk|o 5 ..
lgGbf / :t'ltnfO{ ;dfg dfGg]jfnf dggzLn JolQm dnfO{ lk|o 5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 .
k|z+;fdf JolQm cfNxflbt x'G5 eg] lgGbfdf qm'4 x'G5 . k|z+;fn] k|km'lNnt agfpF5 eg] lgGbfn]
b'Mlvt agfpF5 . o;sf] sf/0f :t'ltdf JolQmsf] cxª\sf/ k'li6 eP/ t[Kt x'G5 / d h:tf] cfkm"nfO{
7fG5' c¿ klg To:t} 7fGbf /x]5g\ eGg] nfU5 . P]gfdf JolQmn] cfkm"nfO{ ;w}+“ ;'Gb/ g} b]V5 . s;}n]
;To eP jf geP klg ;'Gb/tfsf] k|z+;f s;}n] u¥of] eg] cfkm" ;'Gb/ ePsf] k|dfl0ft ePsf]df
JolQm k|;Ggtfn] el/G5 . o;af6 p;sf] ;'Gb/tfsf] cxª\sf/nfO{ t[lKt x'G5 / cfkm"n] agfPsf]
nf]suLtf– 530
 cWofo–!@
cfTd5lj (Self Image) sf] klg k'li6 x'G5 . s;}n] s'¿k eg]/ lgGbf u/]df p;sf] cxª\sf/nfO{
rf]6 nfU5 / Tof] p;nfO{ dg kb}{g t/ JolQmsf] k|z+;f k5fl8 x]t' n's]sf] x'G5 . cfˆgf] k|z+;f unt
eP klg JolQmn] xf]Og eGg ;Sb}g . Pp6f d"9 JolQmnfO{ klg a'l4dfg\ eg]df pm k|;Gg x'G5 .
To:t} dg'ionfO{ lgGbf :jLsf/ ug{ sl7g x'G5 . lgGbf ;fFrf] eP klg To;n] p;nfO{ rf]6
k'¥ofpF5 . lgGbf hlt ;fFrf] x'G5 Tolt rf]6 k'¥ofpF5 / k|z+;f hlt em'6f] x'G5, plt k|;Ggtf lbG5 .
JolQmsf] cxª\sf/ csf{sf] xftaf6 lgld{t x'G5 . JolQmnfO{ c¿n] s] eG5g\, Tof] d"Nojfg\ x'G5
lsgeg] cfˆgf] dfGotf :yflkt ug{sf nflu p;nfO{ c¿sf] ;xf/f rflxG5 . cxª\sf/ ;dfhsf] b]g
xf] / cfTdf k/dfTdfsf] b]g xf] . cfTdfnfO{ ;dfhn] vf]:g ;Sb}g t/ cxª\sf/nfO{ ;dfhn] vf]:g
;S5 . cfh ;dfhn] h;nfO{ dxfk'?if eG5, ef]ln p;}nfO{ kfkL klg eGg ;S5 . t;y{ JolQm
cfTdfdf cyf{t\ :jod\df afFRg'k5{ clg dfq p;nfO{ lgGbf / k|z+;f b'j}n] 5'Fb}g . k|e' / cfTdfsf]
vf]htkm{ lxFl8/x]sf JolQmn] c¿sf] egfOsf] lrGtf ub}{gg\ / pgLx¿ ;w}“ k|;Gg /xG5g\ .
hf] lgGbf / :t'ltnfO{ ;dfg 7fG5, o:tf] a'‰g] Ifdtf To; JolQmdf x'G5 hf] c¿sf wf/0ff
g;'g]/ cfˆgf] cl:tTjsf] vf]hL u5{ . o:tf] JolQm cfkm} ;d x'G5 / p;sf nflu c¿n] u/]sf] :t'lt
/ lgGbfsf] s'g} d"No x'Fb}g . c¿df lnPsf] hlt pT;'stf JolQmn] cfkm"df lnPsf] eP of] pT;'stfn]
k|e' g} k|fKt x'g ;SYof] . lgGbf / :t'ltaf6 Tof] JolQm d'Qm x'g ;S5 h;n] c¿sf] lrGtf ub}{g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] lgGbf / :t'ltnfO{ ;d 7fGb5, hf] dggzLn 5, h'g k|sf/n] klg
z/L/sf] lgjf{x ePsf]df ;Gt'i6 x'G5, a:g] :yfgdf ddtf–cf;lQm/lxt 5 / k/dfTdfn] h;/L /fV5,
To;/L g} /xg /fhL x'G5 To:tf] eQm dnfO{ lk|o x'G5 . dggzLn JolQmn] ;b}j lawfos b[li6 vf]H5
t/ cGo JolQmx¿n] gsf/fTds b[li6nfO{ vf]H5g\ . xfdL c¿sf] k|z+;f ug{ ;Sb}gf“}+ t/ ckl/lrt
JolQmsf] lgGbfdf g;f]rL ;dy{g u5f}{+≤ of] xfd|f] gsf/fTds lrGtgsf] kl/0ffd xf] . s'g} JolQm xTof/f
g} 5 eg] klg lawfos lrGtgsf] JolQmn] p;sf] ;sf/fTds kIfsf] pbfx/0f k|:t't u/]/ arfp ug{
vf]H5 . x/]s JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] of]Uotfg';f/n] g} ;a} s'/f k|fKt x'G5 . gsf/fTds s'/f vf]h ug]{
JolQmnfO{ ;a} a]l7s / cg'ko'Qm nfU5 . t;y{ p;sf rf/}lt/ gs{sf] pbo x'G5 / ;a} unt g}
b]lvG5 .
h'g JolQm s'g} k|sf/n] klg z/L/ lgjf{x ug{ ;Gt'i6 x'G5, o:tf] lawfos b[li6sf] JolQmnfO{
k/dfTdfn] h;/L /fv] klg p;df s'g} u'gf;f] x'Fb}g . pm ;w}+“ ;Gt'i6 g} /xG5 / ;+;f/nfO{ klg
:ju{sf] ¿kdf b]Vb5 . k/dfTdfn] cfuf]df /fv] klg tkfP/ z'4 agfpg /fv]sf] eGg] efjgf /fVb5 .
h:tf] kL8fdf k/] klg k/dfTdfn] k/LIff dfq lnPsf] xf] eGg] efj /fVb5 . x/]s s'/f k/dfTdfdf
5f]8]/ afFRg]jfnf ;Gt'i6 JolQm g} dggzLn JolQm xf] / pm a:g] :yfg ddtf/lxt x'G5 . k/dfTdfn]
hxfF /fv] klg o:tf] JolQmn] ddtf ub}{g . hxfF, h'g;'s} :yfgdf /fv] klg d oxLF a:5' eGb}g
lsgeg] pm x/]s :yfgdf k/dfTdfs} :yfg b]Vb5 / k|To]s l:ylt klg k/dfTdfs} xf] eGg] dfGb5 .
of] efjbzfdf h'g JolQm x'G5 p;n] ddtf ug}{ ;Sb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h'g :yfg / l:yltdf
klg ddtf/lxt, ljk/Lt kl/l:yltnfO{ klg ;xhtfk"j{s :jLsf/ ug]{ efj / ljgf cf;lQm l:y/
a'l4jfnf elQmdfg\ k'?if dnfO{ lk|o x'G5 .
hf] d]/f] k/fo0f ePsf] >4fo'Qm k'?if wd{do cd[tsf] lgisfd k|]defjn] ;]jg u5{, Tof] eQm
dnfO{ cltlk|o 5 . of] cfgGbsf] k|lqmof / k|e'sf] k|]d–cd[tnfO{ lgisfd efjn] ;]jg ug{'
k/dfTdfsf] lk|o x'g] nIf0f xf] . h'g JolQmdf oL u'0f / nIf0fx¿ x'G5g\ To:tf JolQmn] k/dfTdfnfO{
kfpg] jf;gf klg g/fv]/ lgisfd efjn] cfˆgf] u'0fsf] cfgGbdf /dfpFb} k/dfTdf k|fKt ub{5g\ .
lgisfd efjaf6 plNnlvt u'0fx¿df k|km'lNnt x'g] JolQmnfO{ >Ls[i0f cltzo lk|o eGg'x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 531
cWofo–!@
;a}eGbf 7'nf] u'0f / nIf0f lgisfd efj xf] . h;nfO{ >Ls[i0f clt pQd / cltk|]dL eGg'x'G5 . ddf
ePsf nIf0fx¿n] ubf{ dnfO{ k/dfTdf k|fKt x'g'k5{ eGg' cxª\sf/sf nIf0fx¿ x'g\ lsgeg] k/dfTdf
k|fKt ug{' Jofkf/ xf]Og . oL nIf0fx¿nfO{ e'n]/ JolQm k"0f{ ¿kdf olt nLg x'g'k5{ ls k/dfTdf
kfpg'k5{ eGg] ljrf/ klg g/xf];\, ta dfq k/dfTdf kfOG5 . ;a} u'0f nIf0fx¿ lgisfd efjn] ug]{
eQmsf k5fl8 jf;gf z]if /xFb}g . ha JolQm zfGt / lgisfd x'G5, k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ jf;gf
klg z]if /xFb}g, ta To;} If0f k/dfTdf t k|fKt eO;Sof] eGg] 1ft x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
lgisfd efjn] elQm ug]{ eQmdf pko'{Qm u'0f / nIf0fx¿sf ;fy} s'g} jf;gf klg x'g'x'Fb}g .
o;y{ wd{do cd[tnfO{ lgisfd efjn] ;]jg ug]{ eQm dnfO{ clt lk|o 5 . elQmof]usf] rrf{
oxLF ;dfKt x'G5 . uLtfsf] afx|f}F cWofo ;dfKt eof] t/ xfd|f] elQmsf] of]u ;''? dfq x'g ;Sof] eg]
klg xfd|f] hLjg ;kmn x'g] 5 . xfd|f] hLjgdf klg elQmsf] dfu{ ;''? ePdf Tof] xfd|f nflu
cxf]efUo x'g]5 . ;TonfO{ a'l4n] xf]Og Åbon] kfpg' elQm xf] . elQm ljrf/ / lrGtgn] xf]Og efjn],
k|]dn] kfpg ;lsG5 . elQmnfO{ kfpg :q}0f jf u|fxs lrQ x'g'k5{ lsgeg] cfqmfds lrQ elQmsf
nflu afws x'G5 . k|e'nfO{ kfpg Tj/f / Hj/ xf]Og cgGt, zfGt, lgisfd efjbzf rflxG5 . k|e'sf]
lg/Gt/ :d/0f ub}{ clGtd If0fdf p;sf] klg lj:d/0f x'g'k5{, ta dfq pm k|s6 x'G5 . ha xfdLdf
:jod\sf] / k/dfTdfsf] klg :d/0f z]if /xFb}g, To;} If0f Tof] cd[tsf] pknlAw x'G5 .
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] elQmof]uf] gfd
åfbzf]˜WofoM ..!@..

nf]suLtf– 532
 cWofo–!@

nf]suLtf– 533
cWofo–!@

nf]suLtf– 534
 cWofo–!#
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
t]x|f}+ cWofo
If]q–If]q1ljefuof]uM

ch{'g pjfr
k|s[lt+ k'?if+ r}j If]q+ If]q1d]j r .
Ptå]lbt'ldR5fld 1fg+ 1]o+ r s]zj ..!..
ch{'gn] eg]– x] s]zj Û d k|s[lt / k'?if, If]q / If]q1 tyf 1fg / 1]osf af/]df hfGg
rfxG5' . s[kfk"j{s d]/f] lh1f;f zfGt ul/lbg'xf];\ ..
>L eujfg'jfr
Ob+ z/L/+ sf}Gt]o If]qldTolewLot] .
PtBf] j]lQ t+ k|fx'M If]q1 Olt tlåbM ..@..
eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] eGg'eof]– x] ch{'g Û of] z/L/ If]q xf] / o;nfO{ h;n] hfGb5, p;nfO{
If]q1 elgG5 / z/L/nfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGg]jfnf 1fgLhg sxnfpF5g\ ..
If]q1+ rflk df+ ljl4 ;j{If]q]if' ef/t .
If]qIf]q1of]1f{g+ oQH1fg+ dt+ dd ..#.
x] ch{'g Û ltdL ;a} If]qdf If]q1 hLjfTdf klg dnfO{ hfg / If]q If]q1sf] ljsf/;lxt k|s[lt
/ k'?ifnfO{ tŒjk"j{s 5'6\6\ofpg h;n] hfGb5 Tof] 1fgL xf] eGg] d]/f] dt 5 ..
tTIf]q+ oRr ofb[Sr olåsfl/ otZr ot\ .
; r of] oTk|efjZr tT;df;]g d] >[0f' ..$..
Tof] If]q h'g / h:tf] 5, h'g ljsf/jfnf 5, h'g sf/0fn] h] ePsf] 5 / Tof] If]q1 klg hf]
xf] / h'g k|efjjfnf 5 Tof] ;a} ;+If]kdf daf6 ;'g ..
b'vsf] lhDd]bf/ c¿ sf]xL geP/ xfdL cfk}m x'G5f}F, of] ghfg];Dd b'vaf6 d'Qm x'g ;lsFb}g .
;'v vf]h]/ ;'vL x'g ;lsb}g, o;af6 t s]jn b'v / c;kmntf dfq k|fKt x'G5 . b'vn] d[To'eGbf
cufl8 g} hLjgnfO{ s}og\ k6s dfl//xG5 . JolQm gfl:ts x'gfsf] sf/0f b'v g} xf] . hLjgdf x'g]
cTolws kL8fn] ubf{ JolQm gfl:ts x'G5 . b'v hlt a9\5 ;f]xL cg'kftdf gfl:tstf klg a9\5 .
gfl:tstf tfls{s geO{ dgf]j}1flgs 36gf xf]≤ To;}n] b'vaf6 cfl:tstfsf] hGd x'g ;Sb}g .
cfl:tstf hLjgsf] cfgGbdf dfq 36\g ;S5 . hLjg cfgGbsf] pT;j ePdf dfq JolQm cfl:ts
x'g ;S5 . ;d:t hLjgnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ efjgf cfl:tstf xf]≤ To;}n] cfglGbt JolQm cfl:ts
x'G5 .
dg'io k|foM k/dfTdfnfO{ b'vsf] lhDd]jf/ agfpF5 t/ b'vsf] lhDd]jf/ JolQm :jod\ x'G5 .
b'vsf] sf/0f cfkm}“ ePsf] cg'ej ePdf dfq JolQm b'vaf6 d'Qm x'g ;S5 cGoyf d'lQmsf] s'g}
pkfo 5}g . wd{sf cg';f/ c¿ d]/f] b'vsf sf/0f x'g\ eGg] ljrf/ g} b'v xf] . c¿n] b'v lbg ;Sg]
ePsf] eP JolQm cgGtsfn;Dd klg b'v kfpg ;SYof] . uLtfsf] o; cWofodf b'vsf] sf/0fsf]
vf]h / lgbfgsf] pkfo klg atfOPsf] 5 . b'vsf] lhDd]jf/ :jod\ ePsf] cfef; ePkl5 dfq
o;af6 aRg] pkfosf] vf]hL ;'? x'G5 . of] vf]h g} 1fgsf] vf]h xf] . hLjgdf 3l6t eO/x]sf

nf]suLtf– 535
cWofo–!#
36gfx¿ c¿sf] sf/0fn] xf]Og d :jod\ o;nfO{ 3l6t ub}{ 5' eGg] ljrf/ g} 1fgsf] klxnf] vf]h
xf] . o:tf] cg'ej ePdf JolQmsf] b'v lj;h{g eO{ cfgGb / ;Tosf] k|tLlt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û of] z/L/ If]q xf] / o;nfO{ hf] hfGb5 To;nfO{ If]q1 eg]/
tŒjk"j{s hfGg] 1fgLx¿ eG5g\ . x] ch{'g Û ltdL ;a} If]qdf If]q1 klg dnfO{ hfg . If]q / If]q1sf]
ljsf/;lxt k|s[lt / k'?ifnfO{ tŒjk"j{s 5'6\6\ofpg h;n] hfGb5, Tof] 1fgL xf] eGg] d]/f] dt 5 .
To;}n] Tof] If]q h] h:tf] 5 tyf h'g sf/0fn] ljsf/jfnf / k|efjjfnf 5, Tof] ;a} ;+If]kdf daf6
;'g . xfd|f] dg b'vL / kLl8t cj:yfdf 5 lsgeg] dgsf x/]s cj:yfdf xfdL dg;Fu cfˆgf]
tfbfTDo u5f}{+ . ef]s nfUbf, 6fpsf] b'Vbf xfdL z/L/nfO{ ef]s nfUof] of 6fpsf] b'Vof] eGb}gf“} . dnfO{
ef]s nfu]sf] yfxf eof] klg eGb}gf}“, a? dnfO{ ef]s nfUof] of 6fpsf] b'Vof] eG5f}F . h] k|tLlt x'Fbf
klg xfdL To;;Fu Ps x'G5f}F . hf] hfGg]jfnf 5, To;nfO{ cnu ub}{gf}F≤ To;}n] o; cj:yfdf
hfGg]jfnf g} x/fpF5 . kmn:j¿k 1]odf 1ftf x/fpF5, b[Zodf ›i6f x/fpF5, ef]udf ef]Qmf x/fpF5 /
sd{df stf{ x/fpF5 . xfd|f] ktgsf sf/0fdWo] Ps sf/0f xfd|f] dg;Fusf] tfbfTDo xf] .
z/L/sf] h'g;'s} efudf ePsf] kL8f xfdL xf]Ogf}F, Tof] kL8f xfdL s]jn hfGb5f}F . kL8f xfdL
eP, Tof] kL8fnfO{ hfGg]jfnf sf]xL klg x'Fb}g . Tof] b]Vg]jfnf cnu 5 t/ xfdL Tof] b]Vg]jfnfnfO{
cnu gu/L Ps u5f}{+ . xfdL kL8f ePsf] b]Vg ;S5f}F / o;af6 cnu ePsf] hfGg klg ;S5f}F .
cnu eP/ x]g]{ snf g} wd{ xf], hxfF hfGg]jfnf hflgg] s'/faf6 k[ys\ x'G5 / ef]Qmf cg'ejaf6 cnu
x'G5 . ;a} cg'ej ul/g] / hflgg] s'/f If]q xf] / hfGg]jfnf If]q1 xf] . >Ls[i0f dflysf Znf]sdf oL
b'j}sf] k[ystfsf af/]df atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . b'v t s]jn z/L/nfO{ x'G5, hfGg]jfnf Tof] b'vaf6 cnu
x'g] x'gfn] p;nfO{ s'g} b'v x'Fb}g .
z/L/;Fu Ps eP;Dd b'vaf6 5'6sf/f x'g ;Sb}g . s'g} klg b'vsf] af]w z/L/nfO{ x'Fb}g
lsgeg] z/L/ h8 x'G5 . b'v z/L/df 36\5 / Tof] hf] hfGb5, Tof] z/L/ xf]Og . hfGg]jfnf cnu xf]
/ hxfF b'v 3l6t x'G5 Tof] cnu xf] . z/L/sf] s'g} efu sfl6Fbf hfGg]jfnf ePg eg] z/L/df s'g}
si6 x'Fb}g . z/L/ sfl6G5 / d hfGg]jfnfn] sfl6Psf] hfGb5' . z/L/df 36\g] 36gf / hfGg]jfnf
cToGt glhs ePsfn] JolQm b"/L sfod g} ug{ ;Sb}g / Ps x'G5≤ To;}n] cnu ePsf] af]w x'Fb}g .
z/L/ sfl6Fbf d sfl6O/x]sf] 5' eGg] k|tLlt g} b'vsf] sf/0f xf] . z/L/df hlt b'v 36] klg olb
cfkm"nfO{ yfxf ePg eg] b'v 36\b}g . xfdL z/L/;Fu Ps ePsf] dfGg' g} b'vsf] d"n h8 xf] . JolQm
aRrfaf6 qmdzM hjfg clg a'9f] x'G5 t/ cfTdf a'9f] x'Fb}g . z/L/;Fu tfbfTDo agfP/ xfdL
z/L/;Fu} cfkm" klg hjfg / a'9f] ePsf] dfGb5f}F . s]6fs]6L pd]/b]lv g} xfdL z/L/;Fu Ps dfg]/
afFlr/x]sf x'G5f}F .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– z/L/ If]q xf] hxfF 36gfx¿ 36\5g\ / ltdL If]q1 xf} hf] 36gfx¿ 36]sf]
;DaGwdf hfGb5f}F . hLjgdf oxL Pp6f ;"q dfq kmlnt eof] eg] wd{sf ;DaGwdf cGo hfgsf/L
cfjZos g} 5}g . h'g 36gf 3l6/x]sf] 5 Tof] …dÚdf 36]sf] xf]Og …dÚ t s]jn Tof] 36gf 36]sf]
b]Vg] ›i6f x'F eGg] oxL Ps ;"q ;d:t uLtf wd{sf] ;f/ xf] . k|To]s s[To z/L/åf/f eO/x]sf] 5 / d
s]jn Tof] s[To hfGg]jfnf dfq x'F eGg] hfGg ;Sg' g} wd{nfO{ hfGg' xf] . x/]s cj;/df If]q /
If]q1nfO{ cnu u/]/ hfGg] k|of; u/]df b'vaf6 d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 . lxF8\bf, vfFbf, a:bf, ;kmntf–
c;kmntf, dfg–ckdfgdf cfkm" ;fIfL dfq ePsf] hfg]df If]q1nfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 . of] k|of]u xfdL
cfˆg} dlGb/df ug{ ;S5f}F . o:t} k|of]uåf/f d / z/L/ cnu xf}F eGg] hfGg ;lsG5 . o;f] u/]df h]
u/] klg Tof] z/L/n] u5{ d hfGg]jfnf dfq x'G5' . cg'ej / cg'ef]QmfnfO{ cnu u/]/ lg/Gt/ hfGg]
k|of; u/]df z/L/ / cfkm" cnu ePsf] af]w x'g ;S5 .

nf]suLtf– 536
 cWofo–!#
;gftg ljrf/sf] hf]8 l;4fGtdf geP/ 1fgdf 5 / hLjgsf] cg'ejsf] ;f/ jf lgrf]8af6
1fg kmlnt x'G5 . cfTdf cd/ 5 eg]/ hfGg] JolQmnfO{ d[To'sf] eo x'Fb}g . k|foM d[To'sf] eodf x'g]
JolQm ghfg]/ g} cfTdjfbL x'G5g\ . xfd|f] cfTdjfb cg'ej xf]Og, of] d[To'sf] eoaf6 pTkGg ePsf]
dfGotf xf] . k|tLlt ljrf/af6 xf]Og cg'ejaf6 dfq x'g ;S5 . h'g lbg d z/L/ xf]Og, cfTdf x'F
eGg] cfef; x'G5, Tof] lbg cfTdf ;a} leq Pp6} x'G5 eGg] k|tLlt klg x'G5 . h:tf] ha df6fsf]
efF8fdf /flvPsf] hnn] d ;a} df6fsf] efF8fdf /fv]sf] hn x'F eGg] k|tLlt u5{, ta Tof] df6fsf
efF8fx¿sf] k|tLlt x/fpF5 / hn dfq z]if /xG5 . ;a} leq r}tGo Pp6} x'G5 . ;"o{sf] k|sfz Pp6}
5 / ;a} df6fsf] lbof]df Pp6} Hof]lt hN5 . k|sfzsf] tŒj Pp6} x'G5 . ha s'g} JolQm z/L/af6
cnu ePsf] cg'ej ub{5 ta leqaf6 g} …dÚ z/L/af6 cnu, hfGg]jfnf x'F eGg] cg'ej x'G5 ;fy}
p;nfO{ leqsf] ;a} hfGg]jfnf klg Pp6} xf] eGg] 1ft x'G5 .
hf] ;a}sf] leq If]q1 5 Tof] ltdL …dÚnfO{ hfg . ;a} leqaf6 …dÚ g} hflg/x]sf] 5' eg]/
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . k/dfTdf hut\nfO{ agfpg] eGbf klg hut\nfO{ hfGg]jfnf xf] . hut\\sf ;Dk"0f{
s'/f dg'io, kz'kIfL, j[If cflb ;a}leq cg'ef]Qmf /x]sf] x'G5, Tof] hf] ;a}sf] leqaf6 hflg/x]sf] 5,
Tof] …dÚ x'F eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . k/dfTdf xfdLdf lgs6eGbf lgs6 5 . z/L/eGbf cfkm" cnu
ePsf] k|tLlt ePkl5 oxL r}tGo ;a}lt/ a;]sf] 5 eGg] 1ft x'g] 5 . c¿leq a;]sf] r}tGo klg d
h:t} r}tGo xf] eGg] k|tLlt eof] eg] x/]sleq pxL cfTdfnfO{ kfpg] 5f}“ . of] r}tGosf] pkl:yltsf]
cg'ej g} k/dfTdfsf] pkl:yltsf] cg'ej xf] . h'g If0f xfdL z/L/af6 cfk"m cnu ePsf] cg'ej
u5f}{+ ToxL If0f xfdLnfO{ r}tGosf] cg'ej x'G5 .
z/L/;Fu Ps ePsf] dfGgf;fy cxª\sf/ alnof] x'G5 / cnu ePsf] dfGg]lalQs} cxª\sf/
lj;lh{t x'G5 . z/L/af6 cnu x'g]lalQs} cxª\sf/ z]if /xFb}g / s[i0ftŒj dfq afFsL /xG5 . d efj
;dfKt eP/ s[i0ftŒj r}tGo dfq z]if x'g] cj:yfdf If]q1nfO{ hflgG5 . o:tf] If]q1nfO{
hfGg]lalQs} ;a}sf cfFvfaf6 …dÚ g} x]g]{ 5', ;a}sf] xftaf6 …dÚ g} :kz{ ug]{ 5', ;a}sf] Zjf; klg …dÚ
g} x'g] 5', ;a}df …dÚ g} afFRg] 5', hGddf klg …dÚ g} k|j]z ug]{ 5' / d[To'df klg …dÚ g} labf x'g] 5'
egL >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . JolQmsf] af]w g} z/L/ / r]tgfsf] hf]8af6 x'G5 . tfbfTDosf] ljrf/n]
cxª\sf/ hGdfpF5 eg] z/L/af6 cnu ePsf] ljrf/n] cxª\sf/ ;dfKt kf5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
z/L/af6 k[ystfsf] cg'ejkZrft\ ha JolQm ld6\5, ta JolQm /xFb}g …dÚ s[i0f dfq afFsL /xG5' /
Tof] l:yltdf hf] 36\5 Tof] c;Ld 5 h;nfO{ zAbsf] ;Lldttfsf sf/0f JoQm ug{ ;lsGg .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f If]q / If]q1sf] ljsf/;lxt k|s[lt / k'?ifsf] e]b hf] tŒjk"j{s hfGb5 Tof]
1fgL xf] eGg'x'G5 . xfdL Pp6f ;+of]u xf}F, sf/0f xfdLleq k|ltkn ;+of]u 3l6t eO/x]sf] 5 . xfdL
b'O{ tŒjsf ldng xf}F . Pp6f k|s[lt hf] b[Zo 5 h'g OlG›o oGqn] ;dfTg ;S5 / csf]{ xfdLleqsf]
r}tGo tŒj hf] OlG›on] ;dfTg ;Sb}g . hf] OlG›osf] jzdf 5 Tof] kbfy{ xf] / leqL tŒj h;n]
kbfy{nfO{ hfGb5 Tof] r}tGo xf] t/ Tof] leqL tŒjnfO{ kbfy{ / lj1fgn] hfGb}g . o;nfO{ hfGg] c¿
g} pkfo 5≤ wd{ To;}sf] vf]h xf] . lj1fg 1]o / If]qsf] vf]h xf] / wd{ 1ftfsf] / If]q1sf] vf]h xf] .
k|]d, k|fy{gf, Wofg ;a} Tof] cb[Zosf] vf]h xf], hf] ;a} b[Zoleq n's]sf] 5 . ha;Dd JolQm Tof]
cb[ZonfO{ vf]h ug{ lgl:sFb}g, ta;Dd If]qsf] hut\\df hlt;'s} pknlAw xfl;n u/] klg bl/› g}
/xg] 5 . c¿ hlt g} hfg] klg Tof] cb[ZonfO{ hfGg g;s];Dd JolQm bLg / b'vL g} x'G5 lsgeg]
c;nL ;Dkbfsf] ;|f]t If]qdf geO{ If]q1df x'G5, h;n] ;a} hfGb5 . 1fg dg'iosf] ul/df xf] /
cfkm"nfO{ z/L/af6 k[ys\ u/]/ x]g{' g} 1fg xf] . If]q1sf] vf]h g} xfd|f] hGdsf] d"n p2]Zo xf]≤ o;nfO{

nf]suLtf– 537
cWofo–!#
hfg]g eg] 1fgsf] s'g} cy{ g} x'Fb}g . To;}n] z'4 1fgnfO{ arfpg'k5{ h;af6 If]q1nfO{ hfGg
;lsG5 .
z'4 1fgdf 1ftfsf] klg ;Demgf x'Fb}g s]jn hfGg] z'4td 36gf dfq z]if /xG5 . ToxfF
s]jn hfGg]jfnf dfq /xG5 / s'g} r'gfj Pjd\ k|ltlqmof x'Fb}g . If]q1sf] vf]h g} xfd|f] hGdsf] d"n
p2]Zo xf] / o;nfO{ hfg]g eg] cGo 1fgsf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . tfbfTDo gu/L z/L/ k[ys\ xf] / d
hfGg]jfnf x'F eGg] lg/Gt/ cEof;af6} If]q1nfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 . Wofg Ps ulx/f] snf xf] h'g
cg'ejaf6 hfGg ;lsG5 / o;df t}l/g hfGg]n] g} z/L/dfly ljho xfl;n u5{ . If]q1nfO{ ghfgL
s'g} ljlwaf6 klg kf/ x'g ;lsGg . xfd|f] z/L/ If]q xf] / z/L/leq l:yt tŒj If]q1 xf]– of]
km/skg hfGg] JolQm g} 1fgL xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– z/L/ s;/L ag]sf] 5 / Tof] If]qsf] u'0f wd{ /
leqsf] hfGg]jfnf If]q1sf] u'0f wd{ s] xf] Tof] daf6 ;'g . s[i0faf6 >j0f u/] klg hfGgsf nflu
cfˆg} cg'ejaf6 dfq hfGg ;lsG5 . dfu{ t eGg ;lsG5 t/ ofqf eg] cfkm}“n] ug{'k5{ . cfˆgf]
cg'ejn] g} uGtJodf k'¥ofpF5 . 1fg lbP/ hfGg ;Sg] ePdf To;sf nflu Ps s[i0f g} k|z:t
x'g'x'GYof] .
lj1fgsf] 1fg aflx/L 1fg x'gfn] Psn] s}og\nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ ;S5 . afa'sf] afXo
;DklQ ;Gtfgn] kfpF5g\ t/ cGt/tdsf] 1fg ;Gtfgn] k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gg\ lsgeg] Tof] s;}nfO{ lbg
;lsGg . >Ls[i0fn] t If]q / If]q1sf af/]df ch{'gnfO{ eGg' x'g] 5 t/ of] 1fg t ch{'gn] cfˆg}
cg'ejaf6 hfGg'k5{ . 1fgLhgn] eg]sf] s'/f Wofgk"j{s >j0f, dgg ug{' / >4fk"j{s Åbodf /fVg'
pQd s'/f xf] t/ hfGg t :jod\sf] cg'ejaf6 dfq ;Dej x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ltdL z/L/,
If]q, OlG›o xf]Ogf} eg]/ If]q / If]q1sf] km/skg atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . If]q / If]q1sf] k[ystf a'‰g
xfdLdf kl/jt{gsf] cfjZostf x'G5, cGoyf xfdL b'O{sf] km/skgf a'‰g c;dy{ x'G5f}F . xfd|f] klxnf]
r/0fsf] kl/jt{g If]q / If]q1sf] k[ystf a'‰g' g} xf] .
Cliflea{x'wf uLt+ 5Gbf]lelj{ljw}M k[ys\ .
a|Xd;"qkb}Zr}j x]t'dl∫lj{lglZrt}M ..%..
Tof] If]q / If]q1sf] tŒj Clifx¿af6 w]/} k|sf/n] elgPsf] 5 / ljleGg k|sf/sf j]bdGqåf/f
klg ljefuk"j{s elgPsf] 5 clg /fd|f] k|sf/n] lgZro ul/Psf] o'lQmo'Qm a|Xd;"qsf] kbåf/f klg
To:t} elgPsf] 5 ..
dxfe"tfGoxÍf/f] a'l4/JoQmd]j r .
OlG›ofl0f bz}s+ r k~r r]lG›ouf]r/fM ..^..
x] ch{'g Û s] If]q eg]sf ltg} dfq x'g\ < ToxL s'/f d ltdLnfO{ eG5'– kfFr dxfe"t, cxª\sf/,
a'l4 / d"n k|s[lt, lqu'0fdoL dfof tyf bz OlG›o, Ps dg / kfFr OlG›osf ljifo zAb, ¿k, /;,
uGw / :kz{ klg If]q x'g\ ..
OR5f å]ifM ;'v+ b'Mv+ ;‹ftZr]tgf w[ltM .
PtTIf]q+ ;df;]g ;ljsf/d'bfÅtd\ ..&..
To;} u/L OR5f, å]if, ;'v, b'v, :y"n z/L/sf] lk08, r]tgf / w[lt klg ljsf/;lxt If]q g}
x'g\ ..
wd{sf ;d:t ;"q If]q / If]q1sf] ljifodf g} eGb5g\ . pgLx¿sf] egfOsf] 9Ë / zAb dfq
km/s 5 t/ pgLx¿sf] O;f/f Pp6} 5 . j]b, pklbifb\, a|Xd;"q / k/d 1fgL Clifx¿ ;a}n] cg]s
k|sf/n] oxL s'/f eg]sf 5g\ . If]q / If]q1sf] cg'ej eof] eg] o;eGbf 7'nf] s'/f s]xL klg 5}g .

nf]suLtf– 538
 cWofo–!#
c0f'sf] lj:kmf]6 u/]/ 6'S|ofpFbf of]eGbf If'›td of ;fgf] lrh s]xL gePsf] lgisif{
lgsflnPsf] lyof] t/ ha c0f'nfO{ klg ljeflht u/]/ cnu ul/of], ToxfF lj/f6\ pmhf{sf] hGd eof] .
cfheGbf &)–*) jif{ klxn] s'g} klg j}1flgsn] c0f' h:tf] If'›td lrhdf oqf] lj/f6\ pmhf{ n's]sf]
;f]Rg klg ;s]sf lyPgg\ . /a6{ cf]kgxfOd/ (Robert Oppenheimer) n] ha klxnf] k6s c0f'sf]
lj:kmf]6 u/], ta pgn] :jod\ oqf] lj/f6\ pmhf{ c0f'df n's]sf] x'g ;Sg] sNkgf klg u/]sf lyPgg\ .
lx/f]l;df / gfuf;fsLdf oxL ;fgf] c0f'sf] lj:kmf]6af6 nfvf}F JolQm If0fe/d} v/fgL eP . cfh
c0f'sf] lj:kmf]6af6} k[YjLnfO{ s'g} klg a]nf gi6 ug{ ;lsG5 . c0f' h'g ;'s} oGqaf6 b]Vg ;lsFb}g
cg'dfg dfq ug{ ;lsG5, o:tf] c0f'nfO{ gx]/L km'6fP/ oxL cb[Zoaf6 oqf] lj/f6\ pmhf{sf] hGd eof]
/ lj1fg lzv/ r'Dg ;kmn eof] .
o:t} k|sf/n] wd{n] klg Ps k|sf/sf] ljefhg u/]sf] 5 / of] If]q / If]q1sf] ljefhg xf] .
lj1fgn] kbfy{sf] / wd{n] dg'iosf] r]tgfsf] ljefhg u/]sf] 5 . z/L/ / cfTdf tyf If]q / If]q1sf]
ljefhg ubf{ ToxfF lj/f6\ pmhf{sf] cg'ej x'G5 . of] pmhf{sf ;fd'Gg] k/df0f'af6 k|s6 ePsf] pmhf{
gu0o x'G5 lsgeg] k/df0f' h8 ePsfn] o;sf] r]tgf;Fu s'g} t'ngf x'g ;Sb}g . ha s'g} Clif
cfkm"leqsf] z/L/ / cfTdfnfO{ k[ys\ ug{ ;kmn x'G5, ta ToxfF r}tGosf] s0f ljeflht eP/ lj/f6\
pmhf{ k|s6 ePsf] cg'ej x'G5, ToxL cg'ej k/dfTdfsf] cg'ej xf] . lj1fgn] k/df0f'sf] c0f'
ljefhg u/]/ d[To' 3l6t u/fpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . To:t} wd{n] r]tgfsf] c0f' ljefhg u/]/ lj/f6\
pmhf{af6 k/d hLjg / cd[tsf] cg'ej u/fpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
JolQmTjnfO{ ;Ël7t ug]{ b'O{ tŒjx¿dWo] Pp6f kbfy{ / csf]{ r]tgf xf] . r]tgf / kbfy{sf]
ldngaf6 g} JolQm lgld{t ePsf] 5, p;sf] c0f' cfwf kbfy{ / cfwf r]tgfsf] ldngaf6 lgld{t
ePsf] 5 . To;}n] r]tgf / kbfy{sf lardf JolQm alu/xG5 . s]Gb|df r]tgf x'G5 / kbfy{n]
aflx/af6 kvf{n;/x 3]b{5 . oL b'j}sf] k[ystfsf] cg'ej ug{ JolQm ;Ifd ePdf hLjgsf] >]i7td
cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 . ;a} wd{sf] ;f/ oxL xf] . >Ls[i0fn] uLtfdf j]b, pklgifb\ / a|Xd;"q nufot
;a} zf:qx¿sf af/]df eGg'ePsf] 5 . Clifx¿n] If]q / If]q1sf] af/]df w]/} k|sf/n] eg]sf 5g\ . ;a}
wd{ cf–cfˆgf dfu{ plrt x'g\ eg]/ l;4 ug{ k|oTgzLn 5g\ t/ l7s dfu{df eg] sf]xL cl3 a9\g
;s]sf] kfOGg . ;a} zf:qx¿ j]b, pklgifb, ;a} Clif / 1fgL hgn] of] Ps tŒjs} s'/f u/]sf 5g\
/ cf–cfˆgf k|sf/n] o;nfO{ JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] eGg] k|sf/ leGg eP klg ;f/ eg]
Pp6} 5 .
xfd|f] zlQm snxdf eGbf hfGg] lbzftkm{ pGd'v xf];\ eGg] s[i0fsf] r]i6f 5 . 1fgLx¿sf]
zAbdf km/skgf eP klg pgLx¿sf] clGtd ;Tosf] 3f]if0ff eg] Pp6} 5 . c1fgL w]/} s'/f hfGg
;S5 t/ 1fgL Pp6} ;To dfq hfGb5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gsf] dgdf c¿ Clif, j]b, pklgifb\n] s] eg]sf
5g\ eGg] k|Zg gp7f];\ eg]/ ;a} tŒj hfGg] JolQmx¿n] klg ljleGg k|sf/sf 5Gbx¿df,
JofVofx¿df / ljleGg ;"qsf kbx¿df klg w]/} k|sf/n] oxL s'/f eg]sf 5g\ eGg'x'G5 . wd{zf:qL /
ts{zf:qL b'j} ts{sf] pkof]u ub{5g\ . wd{sf] /x:osf cg'ejL klg ts{sf] pkof]u t ub{5g\ t/
pgLx¿sf] ts{ ts{zf:qLsf] eGbf w]/} km/s x'G5 . ts{zf:qL ts{åf/f ;To kfpg vf]H5 t/ wd{sf]
ofqfdf lxF8\g] JolQm klxn] ;To kfpF5 clg To;nfO{ ts{åf/f k|:tfljt u5{ . lxGb" zf:qx¿ ts{n]
;To kfpg ;lsFb}g eGb5g\ t/ cflb zÍ/frfo{ h:tf tfls{s JolQm kfpg d'l:sn 5 . pxfF 1fg /
ts{sf e08f/ x'g'x'G5 . pxfF ts{n] ;TonfO{ hGd lbFb}g t/ ;TonfO{ cleJoQm ug{ ;S5 eGg'x'G5 .
To;}n] lxGb" zf:q cToGt ts{o'Qm 5 . zÍ/frfo{sf Ps Ps zAb ts{k"0f{ 5g\ t/ pxfF g} dlGb/df
ehg ufP/ gfRg' klg x'G5 . Psflt/ ts{sf] k|uf9tf / csf]{tkm{ uLt–ehgsf] dfw'o{ klg Ps}

nf]suLtf– 539
cWofo–!#
JolQmdf 5 . pxfF ehg ufP/ cfˆgf] cg'ej cleJoQm ug'{x'G5 t/ s;}nfO{ eGg'k¥of] eg] ts{sf]
k|of]u u/]/ a'l4af6 Åbo;Dd ptfg{] k|of; klg ug'x{ 'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– a|Xd;"qn] o'Qm–o'Qmdf oxL s'/f eg]sf] 5 . s[i0fn] /; / cfgGbn] eg]sf]
s'/fnfO{ g} a|Xd;"qn] o'lQm / ts{af6 eg]sf] 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ToxL s'/f d ltd|f
nflu eG5'– kfFr dxfe"t, cxª\sf/, a'l4 / d"n k|s[lt cyf{t\ lqu'0fdoL dfof tyf bz OlG›ox¿,
Psdg / kfFr OlG›osf ljifo zAb, :kz{, ¿k, /; / uGw tyf OR5f, å]if, ;'v–b'v / :y"n b]xlk08
Pjd\ r]tgf / w[lt ljsf/;lxt If]q x'g\ egL ;+If]kdf elgPsf] 5 . o; sygdf s]xL cb\e't /
cfZro{hgs s'/fx¿ elgPsf] 5 . k~r dxfe"t kbfy{ cyf{t\ If]q xf] lsgeg] hf] hflgG5 Tof] 1]o
xf] / xfdL To;eGbf leGg 5f}F . OlG›ox¿ cfFvf, sfg, gfs OToflb / OlG›osf ljifo ¿k, uGw :kz{
cflbsf] cg'ejaf6 klg xfdL leGg 5f}F . xfdL OlG›oaf6 leGg 5f}F eg] OlG›osf] cg'ejaf6 klg
leGg 5f}F eGg] hfGg ;S5f}F . :y"n b]xlk08af6 klg xfdL leGg 5f} t/ dxfg\ cfZro{hgs s'/f
r]tgf / w[lt klg If]q xf] / xfdL o;;Fu klg leGg 5f}F egL >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . r]tgf
(consciousness) / w[lt (concentration) cToGt ;"Id / ulx/f ljifo x'g\ . lognfO{ a'‰g ;s]df
cGo s'/f a'‰g ;/n x'g] 5 .
s'g} s'/fk|lt r]tg eP;Dd dfq xfdL r]tgzLn x'g ;S5f}F . olb s'g} ljifo ePg eg] r]tgf
klg x'g ;Sb}g eg]/ klZrdsf dg;\ljb\x¿ dfGb5g\ h'g s'/f ;xL g} h:tf] nfU5 . pgLx¿
eG5g\– olb ;a} ljifo x6]df xfdL a]xf]; x'G5f}F lsgeg] xf]; t s'g} s'/f x'Fbfsf] cj:yfdf dfq x'G5≤
s'g} j:t' ePg eg] xf]; x'g} ;Sb}g . s'g} JolQm pkl:yt ePdf d x]b}{ 5' eGg] xf]; x'G5 t/ JolQm
g} gePdf s]xL b]lvFb}g / d x]l//x]sf] 5' eGg] xf]; klg x'Fb}g . d x'gsf nflu s'g} s'/f x'g'k5{
cGoyf dnfO{ cfkm" x'g] klg yfxf x'Fb}g . xfdLnfO{ zAb, :j/ / Wjlg/lxt 7fpFdf /flvof] eg] sfgsf
af/]df s]xL yfxf x'Fb}g . :jfb lng] s]xL ef]hg gx'Fbf :jfbsf] OlG›osf af/]df hfgsf/L x'Fb}g /
To:t} s]xL s'/f r]tg x'g] j:t' gePdf r]tgfsf] af/]df klg s]xL yfxf x'Fb}g . of] ljrf/wf/fnfO{
dfGg] JolQmx¿ eGb5g\– Wofg 3l6t x'Fbf JolQm a]xf]; x'G5 lsgeg] hfGgsf nflu s]xL ePg eg]
hfGg]jfnf klg x/fpF5 . hfGg]jfnf ta;Dd afFRg ;S5 ha;Dd hfGgsf nflu s]xL x'G5 .
klZrdsf dg;\ljb\x¿ eG5g\– olb kt~hln h:tfn] k|:tfljt u/]sf] Wofg plrt xf] eg] Wofgdf
JolQm a]xf]; x'G5 lsgeg] ha hfGg] j:t' x'Fb}g, ta hfGg]jfnf klg lgbfpF5 .
ljrf/ /x'Gh]n lg›f nfUb}g / ljrf/z"Go x'gf;fy lg›f nfU5 . ljifo geP/ ;a} pQ]hgf
;dfKt eof] eg] leqsf] r]tgf x/fpF5 eg]/ dg;\ljb\ eGb5g\ . >Ls[i0f ToxL r]tgfnfO{ If]q
eGg'x'G5 . of] r]tgf h'g kbfy{ / ljifosf] ;DaGwdf xfdLleq pTkGg x'G5 Tof] ljifo;Fu} x/fpF5, of]
r]tgf cfTdf xf]Og If]q xf] . To;}n] of] kbfy{;Fu hf]l8Psf] r]tgf xfd|f] cfTdf xf]Og eg]/ >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5 . of] r]tgf kbfy{hGo / aflx/L ljifodf lge{/ x'G5 . of] kbfy{hGo r]tgfeGbf dfly
p7]kl5 dfq jf:tljs a|XdtŒj cyf{t\ If]q1sf] hfgsf/L x'G5 h'g s'g} s'/fdf lge{/ x'Fb}g . klxn]
xfdLn] 1]o / hfGg]jfnf 1ftfsf af/]df hfg]sf lyof}F . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] 1ftf klg
hfGg]jfnf;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . of] 1]o / 1ftfeGbf dfly klg Pp6f csf]{ hfGg]jfnf t];|f] tŒj 5,
h;n] kbfy{ / 1ftfnfO{ klg hfGb5 . Tof] t];|f] tŒj cfTdf cyf{t\ clGtd r]tgfsf] cj:yf xf] . h'g
s'/fnfO{ xfdL hfGb5f}F, ToxL s'/f;Fu xfdL cnu x'G5f}F . h'g s'/fsf] af]w x'G5 To;sf] caf]w klg
x'g ;S5 . To:t} jf:tljs 1fg Tof] If0f 36\5, ha c1fg dfq xf]Og xfdLnfO{ 1fgsf af/]df klg
s]xL yfxf x'Fb}g . cflv/L zflGt klg Tof] If0f 3l6t x'G5, ha xfdLnfO{ d zfGt 5' eg]/ klg yfxf
x'Fb}g .

nf]suLtf– 540
 cWofo–!#
dg'iodf tLgj6f cj:yfx¿ x'G5g\ . klxnf] xfdLn] kbfy{;Fu cfˆgf] tfbfTDo u/]sf] cj:yf
hxfF z/L/;Fu …dÚ hf]l8Psf] 5 . of] …dÚ z/L/ / OlG›o x'F eGg] c1fgsf] cj:yf xf] . csf]{ af]wsf]
cj:yf hxfF …dÚ OlG›o / z/L/ xf]Og eGg] cj:yf x'G5, of] klg OlG›o / z/L/;Fu} hf]l8Psf] cj:yf
xf] . z/L/ / OlG›o xf]Og eGg] af]w x'g' klg z/L/ OlG›o;Fu hf]l8g' xf] . oL b'j} cj:yfdf af]w
z/L/ / OlG›o;Fu} hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . clg t];|f] cj:yfdf hxfF …dÚ z/L/ x'F ls xf]Og eGg] klg af]w
/xFb}g . ha s'g} af]w x'Fb}g ta z/L/sf] d"5f{ t 5'6\5 o;;Fu} Tof] dWodf cfPsf] r]tgf klg
x/fpF5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf z/L/af6 pTkGg x'g] b'vaf6 5'6sf/f x'g'sf ;fy} z/L/;Fu 5'6]/ k|fKt
ePsf] ;'v klg x/fpF5 . clg Tof] k/d zfGt, k/d df}g cj:yfdf hxfF g 1fg g 1ftf g 1]o g}
x'G5, o:tf] z"Go cj:yfdf If]q1 hf] clGtddf n's]sf] 5 Tof] k|s6 x'G5 . To;}n] r]tgtf, w[lt /
Wofg klg If]q g} xf] . w[ltsf] cy{ Wofg, wf/0ff xf] . k/d WofgLx¿ eGb5g\– Wofg klg 5'6]kl5 dfq
Wofg 3l6t x'G5 . ha;Dd WofgnfO{ ;dfT5f}F ta;Dd uGtJodf k'Ug ;Sb}gf}F . ha;Dd dfuk"0f{
k|fy{gf x'G5, ta;Dd k/dfTdf;Dd k'Ug ;lsGg . h'g If0f k|fy{gf dfu/lxt s[t1tfsf nflu x'G5,
ha k|fy{gf g} 5'6\5 s]jn s[t1tf dfq afFsL x'G5 To;} If0f k|fy{gf k"/f x'G5 . wd{ klg 5'6]kl5
dfq k/d wd{df k|j]z x'G5 .
k/dfTdfdf k|j]z ug{' cl3 clGtd cj:yf ;fwgnfO{ klg 5f]8\g'k5{ lsgeg] ;fwgsf] ToxfF
cfjZostf g} x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– r]tgf, w[lt, Wofg / wf/0ff klg If]q xf] . To;}n] ltdL
To;nfO{ klg 5f]l8b]pm . xfdL leqsf] dlGb/;Dd k'Ug ;s]sf 5}gf}F / aflx/ ;ª\3if{ ul//x]sf 5f}F .
To;}n] Wofgn] xfdLnfO{ leq k|j]z ug{ d2t ub{5 . leqsf] dlGb/ cyf{t\ uGtJodf k'u]kl5 Wofgsf]
s'g} cfjZostf x'Fb}g . sltko JolQm 3/ 5f]8]/ cf>d / kTgL 5f]8]/ u'? ;dfT5g\ . o:tf JolQm
s]xL g s]xL ;dflt g} /x]sf x'G5g\ . Wofg klg To:t} xf], Wofgsf] ljlwaf6 k/dfTdfdf k'Ug ;kmn
ePdf WofgLx¿n] WofgnfO{ ;dfTg'sf] cy{ g} ;dfKt x'G5 eGb5g\ . k/dfTdfsf] pknlAwsf nflu
;Dk"0f{ ;dfTg]kgsf] cGt x'g'k5{ . >Ls[i0f r]tgf, Wofg, w[lt, wf/0ff of]u ;a} If]q xf] eGg'x'G5 . of]
cGoGt} qmflGtsf/L ;"q xf] h;nfO{ a'‰g cToGt} sl7g 5 . of] z/L/;Fu hf]l8Psf] r]tgfsf] kf/
Pp6f cs}{ r}tGo 5 hf] s;}df lge{/ 5}g . Tof] r}tGonfO{ k|fKt ug{ of] z/L/;Fu hf]l8Psf]
r]tgfaf6 klg kf/ x'g'k5{ . k/d u'?;Dd k'Ugsf nflu u'?nfO{ klg 5f8\g'k5{ . hxfF ;a} ;fwg
5'6\5, ToxL ;fWo kmlnt x'G5 .
k~rdxfe"t, z/L/, cxª\sf/, dg, OlG›o, OlG›ox¿sf] /;, ¿k, r]tgf, w[lt oL ;a}
ljsf/;lxt / b"lift 5g\ . o;df s'df/Lkg 5}g . ljk/Lt ljgf hf] x'g ;Sb}g Tof] ljsf/ xf] . k|]dsf]
;fydf 3[0ff 5 eg] Tof] k|]d ljsf/u|:t x'G5 / olb 3[0ff 5}g eg] k|]d ljsf//lxt x'G5 . xfd|f ;a}
s'/f ljk/Lt;Fu g} hf]l8Psf 5g\ . xfd|f] d[To'df klg k|f0f hf]l8Psf] 5 . To:t} ef]hgdf ef]s /
hGddf d[To' n's]sf] x'G5 . hxfF ljk/Lt ljgf cl:tTj x'Fb}g ToxfF ljsf/ x'G5 . hxfF ljk/Lttfsf]
cfjZostf x'Fb}g / hxfF s'df/LTj, kljqtf / lgbf]{iftf pkl:yt x'G5, ToxfF cl:tTj ljsf//lxt
x'G5 . To;}n] xfdL s[i0fsf] 3[0ff/lxt k|]dnfO{ kljq eGb5f}F . >Ls[i0f r]tgfnfO{ klg ljsf/u|:t
eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] ToxfF klg ljifo rflxG5 . xfdL k'/fgf] 7fpFdf oGqjt\ / d"R5f{jt\ rln/x]sf x'G5fF}
t/ gofF 7fpF hfFbf tfhf x'G5fF} lsgeg] ToxfF ;a} s'/f gofF x'Fbf hfGgsf nflu r]tgtf rflxG5 .
k'/fgf] x'Fb} uPkl5 r]tgtf x/fpFb} hfG5 . o:tf] r]tgtfsf nflu x/]s lbg gofF s'/f rflxG5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] r]tgf / Wofg h'g s'g} s'/fdf lge{/ 5 Tof] ljsf/u|:t x'G5 / oL
;a} If]qaf6 kf/ ePkl5 dfq If]q1sf] cg'ej x'G5 . r]tgf b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5 . Pp6f r]tgf h'g
s'g} j:t'k|lt x'G5 jf s'g} j:t'åf/f pTkGg x'G5 . s;}nfO{ ufnL ubf{ xfd|f] Wofg To;tkm{ cfslif{t

nf]suLtf– 541
cWofo–!#
x'G5 . af9L cfP/ 3/ eTsfpg nfUof] eg] ;f/f hut\\ lal;{P/ 3/ elTsg nfu]sf]tkm{ Wofg s]lG›t
x'G5 cyf{t\ 3/tkm{ k"/f r]tgf Psfu| x'G5 . of] r]tgf aflx/af6 pTkGg x'g] r]tgf xf] / aflx/sf]
rf]6n] hlGdPsf] r]tgf xf] . >Ls[i0f o:tf] r]tgf z/L/s} efu ePsfn] of] klg If]q xf] eGg'x'G5 .
ljz'4 r]tgf s;}df / s'g} s'/fdf klg lge{/ x'Fb}g . Tof] r]tgf xfd|f] :jefj xf] . :jefj s'g}
sf/0fn] pTkGg ePsf] xf]Og . xfdL 5f}F t;y{ pm klg 5 . s'g} cfjfhdf Wofg hfg' xfd|f] x'g'sf]
sf/0fn] ePsf] xf]Og . of] t cfjfhåf/f k|ltkflbt (By Product) xf] h'g xfd|f] :jefj xf]Og . aflx/
36gf g36\bf / ;+j]bgzLntf gx'Fbf klg xfd|f] xf]; /lx/xG5 eg] To:tf] r]tgf xfd|f] cfTdf xf] .
aflx/af6 pTkGg ePsf] Wofg, wf/0ff / r]tgfnfO{ >Ls[i0fn] z/L/sf] If]q dfGg'ePsf] 5 eg] s'g}
klg s'/fdf lge{/ gx'g] / ljz'4 xfd|f] :jefj ePsf] cfTdf¿kL r]tgfnfO{ If]q1 eGg'ePsf] 5 .
cdflgTjdblDeTjdlx+;f IfflGt/fh{jd\ .
cfrfof]{kf;g+ zf}r+ :y}o{dfTdljlgu|xM ..*..
x] ch{'g Û >]i7tfsf] cledfg tyf bDerf/0fsf] cefj, s'g} klg k|f0fLnfO{ s'g} k|sf/n]
g;tfpg', Ifdfefj, dgjf0fL cflbsf] ;/ntf, >4f–elQm;lxt u'?sf] ;]jf–pkf;gf, aflx/ leqsf]
z'l4, cGt:s/0fsf] l:y/tf / dg OlG›o;lxt z/L/sf] lgu|x ;a} 1fgsf nIf0f x'g\ ..
OlGb|ofy]{if' j}/fUodgxÍf/ Pj r .
hGdd[To'h/fJoflwb'Mvbf]iffg'bz{gd\ ..(..
of] nf]s / k/nf]ssf ;Dk"0f{ ef]udf cf;lQm Pjd\ cxª\sf/sf] cefj, hGd, d[To', a'9ofOF /
/f]u cflbdf b'v / bf]ifsf] af/Daf/ bz{g ug{' 1fgsf] nIf0f xf] .।
cl3Nnf] Znf]sdf >Ls[i0fn] 1fgLhg tŒjn] If]q / If]q1 cnu ePsf] hfGb5 eGg'ePsf] 5 .
To;}n] ;j{k|yd 1fgL sf] xf] eg]/ hfGg' pko'Qm x'G5 . If]q / If]q1sf] km/skgnfO{ hfg]/ ce]bnfO{
pknAw x'g] JolQm 1fgL xf] . >Ls[i0f 1fgLsf] nIf0fsf af/]df eGb} x'g'x'G5 . 1fgLsf] klxnf] nIf0f
>]i7tfsf] cledfgsf] cefj xf] . 1fg;Fu} tTsfn >]i7tfsf] efj pTkGg x'G5 . cfkm" 1fgL / afFsL
c1fgL 5g\ eGg] efj cfpF5 . 1fg;Fu} >]i7tfsf] cxª\sf/ cfpg] x'Fbf o;af6 aRg h?/L 5 . lxGb"
wd{df a|fXd0fsf] cxª\sf/ oxL >]i7tfsf] cledfg xf] lsgeg] a|fXd0fnfO{ of] wd{n] 1fgL /
hfGg]jfnf dfg]/ >]i7 hfltsf] ¿kdf ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] bhf{ lbPsf] 5 t/ cfh hGdsf sf/0fn]
ePsf a|fXd0fx¿ wd{sf] vf]h u/]/ 1fgL ePsf] kfOFb}g . logLx¿ ?l9jfbL / wfld{s s§/tfsf]
jsfnt ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg /x]sf] kfOG5 . s'g} klg JolQmdf ha 1fgsf] egs x'G5, ta p;df
1fgsf] >]i7tfsf] cxª\sf/ ;'? x'G5 . t/ >Ls[i0f >]i7tfsf] cledfg/lxt x'g' 1fgLsf] klxnf] nIf0f
xf] eGg'x'G5 . 1fg;Fu} ljgd|tf klg ;dfg'kftdf a9\of] eg] dfq 1fg ;fy{s x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f bDefr/0fsf] cefj x'g' 1fgLsf] bf];|f] nIf0f eGg'x'G5 . cfr/0f b'O{ k|sf/sf] x'G5 .
Pp6f cfr/0f ;xh / :jtM:km"t{ x'G5 eg] csf]{ cfr/0f bDek"0f{ x'G5 . c¿af6 ;Ddfg jf cfb/sf]
ck]Iff ug{' bDefr/0f xf] . s]6fs]6Lb]lv xfd|f] ;dfhn] g/fd|f] u/] ckdfg / a]OHht x'g] eo xfn]sf]
x'G5 / ToxL eon] pm /fd|f] x'g k|of; u5{ . /fd|f] x'g] ljrf/df /fd|f] ug]{ ;f]r x'Fb}g, s]jn
cxª\sf/sf] kf]if0f dfq x'G5 . bDefr/0f/lxt 1fgLn] cfr/0f ;xh u5{ / h] p;nfO{ plrt /
cfgGbk"0f{ nfU5, ToxL u5{ . c¿n] s] eG5g\ eg]/ p;n] s'g} cfr/0f ub}{g . s;}n] /fd|f] of g/fd|f]
eG5 eGg] 1fgLsf] ljrf/wf/f x'Fb}g . xfdL c¿sf] / ;dfhsf] sf/0fn] afFRbf xfd|f] cfr/0f
bDefr/0fk"j{s x'G5 . 1fgL t b'v–;'v h] cfP klg em]Ng tof/ x'G5 / ;defjn] h] kl/0ffd cfP
klg To;nfO{ ;dGjo u/]/ ;xhtfk"j{s hLjgofkg u5{ . 1fgLn] h]af6 cfGtl/s cfgGb x'G5 ToxL

nf]suLtf– 542
 cWofo–!#
cfr/0f u/]/ hLjgofkg u5{ . p;sf] cfr/0fdf bDefr/0fsf] uGw klg x'Fb}g . 1fgL p;sf]
cfGtl/s cfgGbcg';f/ afFR5 .
k|f0fL dfqnfO{ s'g} k|sf/n] g;tfpg' klg 1fgLsf] csf]{ nIf0f xf] lsgeg] 1fgL xfdL h]
/f]K5f}F, ToxL kfpF5f}“ eGg] hfGb5 . c¿nfO{ hlt b'v lbG5f}F, cfkm"n] klg c¿af6 To:t} kl/0ffd
ef]Ug'k5{ eGg] 1fgLhg hfGb5g\ . 1fgLhg c¿nfO{ ;tfpb}gg\ pgLx¿df ;xh af]w / a'l4dQf
x'G5 . olb s;}nfO{ b'v lbPF eg] d cfˆgf] b'v kfpg] cfof]hg ul//x]sf] x'G5' eGg] af]w p;nfO{
x'G5 . cfkm" s] ub}{ 5' eGg] af]w gx'gfn] c1fgL dfq c¿nfO{ ;tfpg vf]H5g\ / cfˆgf nflu
sfF8fsf] tof/L ub{5g\ . 1fgL hLjgsf] cGt/;DaGwnfO{ /fd|/L hfGb5 lsgeg] of] p;sf] cg'ej
xf] . oxfF h] ul/G5, ToxL lkmtf{ x'G5 / hut\\ Pp6f k|ltWjlg xf] . To;}n] h:tf] cfr/0f ul/G5 ToxL
p;nfO{ lkmtf{ x'G5 . ufnL u/] ufnL g} kmls{G5 / d':s'/fx6 lbPdf xhf/f}F d':sfgk"0f{ cfzLjf{b
hjfkmdf lkmtf{ x'G5 . of] p;sf] cg'ejaf6 k|fKt ePsf] af]w xf] . To;}n] 1fgLn] s'g} klg k|f0fLnfO{
;tfpFb}g .
1fgLsf] csf]{ nIf0f Ifdfefj xf] . Ifdfsf] cy{ bof ug{' xf]Og, sf/0f bofdf klg cxª\sf/
x'G5 . Ifdf t ;"Id s'/f xf] . Ifdf eg]sf] ddf h:tf] sdhf]/L 5 To:t} c¿df klg sdhf]/L 5
eg]/ hfGg' xf] . 1fgLx¿ oL s'/f hfGgfn] Ifdfjfg\ x'G5g\ . c¿sf] s[Tok|lt Ifdfjfg\ gx'g] JolQm
1fgL x'Fb}g . 1fgLn] cfTdljZn]if0f ug]{ x'Fbf p;n] c¿nfO{ lgGbf / bl08t ub}{g . 1fgLn] dg'ioaf6
g} e'n x'G5 eGg] hfGb5, t;y{ Ifdfefj /fVb5 . >Ls[i0f 1fgLsf] csf]{ nIf0f dg / jf0fLsf]
;/ntf eGg'x'G5 . ljgf s'g} sk6 / ljgf s'g} lx;falstfa ul/g] Jojxf/ g} ;/ntf xf] .
aRrfx¿df ;/ntf x'G5 . pgLx¿ PsIf0f qmf]w u/] klg t'?Gt} csf]{ If0f ;xh x'G5g\ . PsIf0fd}
?G5g\ csf]{ If0f xfF:g yfN5g\ . To;}n] ;/ntfsf] cy{ h:tf] leq 5, To:t} aflx/ k|s6 ug{' xf] .
hLjgsf] cfjZostfn] dg'ionfO{ em'6f] agfpF5 . To;}n] p;sf] xfF:g' / ?g' klg em'6f] / agfj6L
x'G5 t/ 1fgL hlt;'s} d'l:snsf] ;fdgf ug{'k/] klg p;df dg / jf0fLsf] ;/ntf x'G5 / h:tf];'s}
d'l:snsf] kl/0ffd ;xhtfk"j{s ef]U5 . ;GtTjsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] tk:ofsf] kl/0ffd ;/ntf xf] .
;/ntfdf em]n]sf] sl7gfOn] klg ;'v lbG5 .
>Ls[i0f dg–jf0fLsf] ;/ntf / >4f–elQm;lxt u'?sf] pkf;gf eGg'x'G5 . dg'iosf]
cxª\sf/sf] sf/0fn] / cfkm"nfO{ c1fgL :jLsf/ ug{'kg]{ eosf sf/0fn] s;}nfO{ u'? :jLsf/ ug{
p;nfO{ sl7g x'G5 . ;a} JolQm cfkm"nfO{ 1fgL dfGb5g\ . To;}n] lzIfs agfpg ;lhnf] 5 t/ u'?
agfpg cToGt ufx|f] x'G5 lsgeg] l;Sg] tof/Lsf nflu cxª\sf/ k"/f 5f]8\g'k5{ ;fy} s;}nfO{
cfkm"eGbf dfly :jLsf/ ug{'k5{ . lzIfs;Fu t wg lbP/ 1fg lng] x'Fbf of] sfdrnfp Joj:yf dfq
xf] . u'? / lziosf lar u}/ pkof]lutfsf] ;DaGw x'G5 . ToxfF sfdrnfp ;DaGw x'Fb}g . klxn]
u'?s'n hfFbf u'?n] g} lzionfO{ ef]hg, jf; ;a} lbGy] / afa'n] 5f]/fsf] lkmqmL u/]h:t} lkmqmL ub{y] .
1fgsf] abnfdf s'g} dfu x'Fb}gYof] . @% jif{ lzio u'?sxfF ;do JotLt ub{y] . u'? / lziosf]
;DaGw ;dfgtfsf] x'Fb}g ;w}F u'? dfly / lzio tn x'G5 . >Ls[i0f oqf] cfu|xk"j{s >4f–elQm;lxt
u'?sf] pkf;gf eGg'x'G5 . 1fgLn] u'?nfO{ >4f–elQmk"j{s ;]jf–pkf;gf :jtM u5{ . u'?af6 k|fKt
1fgsf] s'g} k|ltpQ/ lbg ;lsFb}g . To;}n] 1fgL k|uf9 >4f / elQmk"j{s u'?sf] ;]jf pkf;gf u5{ .
h;af6 oqf] k|sfz k|fKt x'G5 Tof] JolQmn] u'?k|lt >4f–elQmk"j{s pkf;gf ug{' 1fgLsf lglDt
;f}efUo xf] . of] klg 1fgLsf] Ps csf]{ nIf0f xf] .
aflx/ leqsf] z'l4, cGt:s/0fsf] l:y/tf, dg OlG›o;lxt z/L/sf] lgu|x, nf]s–k/nf]ssf]
ef]udf cf;lQmsf] cefj / cxª\sf/sf] klg cefj Pjd\ hGd, d[To', h/f / /f]uflb b'v / bf]if

nf]suLtf– 543
cWofo–!#
cflbdf af/Daf/ bz{g ug{' 1fgsf nIf0f x'g\ eg]/ >Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] 5 . hGd–d[To', h/f–/f]u,
b'v–bf]if cflbdf af/Daf/ bf]ifx¿sf] bz{g ug{' 1fgLsf] nIf0f xf] . ha xfdLnfO{ s'g} b'v /
c;kmntf 3l6t x'G5 ta o;sf] bf]if xfdL c¿nfO{ lbG5f“}, of] c1fgLsf] nIf0f xf] . 1fgLn] t x/]s
d}n] kfpg] b'v d]/} uNtLsf] / d]/} kfksf] kl/0ffd xf] / o;}sf] kmn ef]lu/x]sf] 5' eGg] ;f]Rb5 . b'v
kbf{ cfˆgf] e"n, bf]if, kfksf] vf]hL ug{' 1fgLsf] nIf0f xf] . c1fgL c¿nfO{ / 1fgL cfkm}“nfO{ bf]ifL
7x¥ofpF5 . To;}n] c1fgL slxNo} bf]ifaf6 d'Qm x'Fb}g t/ 1fgL bf]ifaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . 1fgLn] x/]s b'v,
/f]u tyf kL8fdf cfˆg} q'l6 vf]H5 / h'g bf]ifx¿af6 oqf] kl/0ffd ef]Ug'k5{≤ k'gM To;nfO{
bf]xf]¥ofpFb}g . pm cfˆgf] e'n ;RofP/ g} ;'vL x'G5 . >Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf 1fgsf oL nIf0fx¿
h;df x'G5g\, pm 1fgsf] ofqfdf cl3 a9]/ 1fgsf] dlGb/df k|j]z ub{5 .
cf;lQm/gleijËM k'qbf/u[xflbif' .
lgTo+ r ;dlrQTjldi6flgi6f]kklQif' ..!)..
k'q, :qL, wg, 3/ / c¿ wgflbdf cf;lQmsf] cefj / ddtf gx'g' tyf lk|o clk|osf]
k|flKtdf ;w}F g} lrQsf] ;dtf x'g' klg 1fgL x'gfsf nIf0f x'g\ ..
dlo rfgGoof]u]g elQm/Jolerfl/0fL .
ljljQmb]z;]ljTjd/lth{g;+;lb ..!!..
…dÚ k/d]Zj/df cgGo of]uåf/f ul/g] elQm, PsfGt / z'4 b]zdf a:g] :jefj tyf ljifof;Qm
dg'iosf] ;d'bfodf k|]d gx'g' klg cJolerfl/0fL elQm g} xf] ..
cWofTd1fglgToTj+ tŒj1fgfy{bz{gd\ .
PtH1fgldlt k|f]Qmd1fg+ obtf]˜Goyf ..!@..
cfWoflTds 1fgdf lgTo l:ylt / tŒj1fgsf] cy{ ¿k k/dfTdfnfO{ g} b]Vg' klg 1fg xf] / hf]
o;sf ljk/Lt 5 Tof] c1fg xf] ..
k'q, k'qL, :qL, wg, 3/ wgflbdf cf;lQmsf] cefj / ddtf gx'g' tyf lk|o–clk|osf] k|flKtdf
;bf lrQ ;d x'g' 1fgLsf] nIf0f xf] . ;fy} h:tf];'s} cg's"n tyf k|lts"n l:yltdf PsnfO{ kfpg
of]Uo / csf]{nfO{ kfpg cof]Uo gdfGg' 1fgLsf] nIf0f xf] . ;kmntf k|fKt x'Fbf xfdLdf k|;Ggtf
5fpF5 / c;kmntf / ckdfgn] b'vL t'NofpF5 . b'v of k|;Ggtf xfd|f] r'gfj xf]Og, of] kl/l:yltn]
cfkm“} Nofpg] s'/f xf] . k|;Ggtf / b'vsf] cg'ej 3l6;s]kl5 dfq xfdLnfO{ k|;Gg of b'vL 5f}“ eGg]
1ft x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ;defj jf ;dtf 1fgLsf] nIf0f xf] eGg'x'G5 . ;dtfsf] cg'ej leq pTkGg
x'Fbf xfdLn] ;hutf /fVg'k5{ . ufnLsf] hjfkm kmsf{pg'cl3 s]xL If0f zfGt eP/ qmf]wnfO{ / b'vnfO{
/f]Sg] sf]l;; u/]df s]xL ;dokZrft\ qmf]w cfkm}F zfGt x'G5 / xfdLdf gofF b[li6 pTkGg x'G5 . s]xL
If0f b'vnfO{ r'gfj gu/L x]/]/ d"lR5{t cj:yfdf 36\g glbPdf ;dtftkm{ b[li6 agfpg ;lsG5 .
xfdL x/]s s[To d"R5f{ cj:yfdf g} u5f}{+ . ;dtf k|flKtsf nflu b"/L /fVg] snf l;Sg'k5{ . s;}sf]
cfkm"k|ltsf] b'is[Todf tTsfn d"lR5{t cj:yfd} xfdL hjfkm kmsf{pF5f} t/ s]xL If0f k|tLIff u/]/ Tof]
b[is[To ug]{ JolQmk|ltsf] g/fd|f] efj x6fP/ p;sf] c1fgtfk|lt ;xfg'e"lt /fv]df To;sf] cy{ g}
km/s x'G5 . To:t} s;}n] k|z+;f u¥of] eg] klg s]xL If0f k|tLIff u/]/ To;sf] sf/0f a'‰g ;s]df
hLjgdf ;dtf :yflkt x'g yfN5 . h'g lbg JolQm ;'v–b'v Pp6} xf] eGg] a'‰g yfN5, Tof] lbg
;dtf pknAw x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f cJolerfl/0fL elQm eGg'x'G5 . elQm cJolerfl/0fL g} x'G5 . w]/};Fu ;DaGw ePsL
:qLnfO{ xfdL Jolerfl/0fL eGb5f}F . p;sf] k|]ddf dg vl08t x'G5 lsgeg] p;sf] dgdf Pssf

nf]suLtf– 544
 cWofo–!#
nflu xf]Og cg]ssf nflu :yfg x'G5 . Psdf dfq dg l:y/ eof] eg] Tof] cJolerfl/0fL x'G5 .
PsnfO{ dfq k|]d ubf{ dgsf] ;a} v08 ;dfKt eP/ aflx/ h:t} leq klg PsTjsf] efj hGdG5 /
cgGtdf k|j]z x'g ;S5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cJolerfl/0fL elQmsf ;fy cgGo ¿kn] …dÚ df g}
ltdL ;dlk{t xf]pm . ltd|f] dgdf c¿k|ltsf] s'g} efj g} g/xf];\ lsgeg] c¿k|lt clnslt dfq efj
z]if /Xof] eg] ;dk{0f x'g ;Sb}g . u'?sf] kfqtf ›f]0ffrfo{df geP klg cJolerfl/0fL elQms}
kmn:j¿k PsnJon] kTy/sf] u'?af6 klg ;Dk"0f{ o'4sf}zn xfl;n ug{ ;kmn eP . PsnJosf]
elQm cJolerfl/0fL elQmsf] Ps hLjGt pbfx/0f xf] / of] 1fgLsf] Ps nIf0f klg xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– PsfGt / z'4 b]zdf /xg] :jefj / ljifof;Qm dg'iox¿sf] ;d'bfodf k|]d
g'x'g' 1fgsf] nIf0f xf] . JolQm k|foM le8 vf]H5 lsgeg] le8 vf]Hg' g} unt dgsf] nIf0f xf] . xfdL
c¿;Fu e]6]/ csf{sf] cgfjZos 6Lsf–l6Kk0fL, lrof]rf;f] dfq u5f}{+ / o;d} /; lnG5f}F . o:tf] /;,
ljifof;Qm le8sf] vf]hLaf6 slxn] klg 1fg k|fKt x'Fb}g lsgeg] of] ;f/f s'/f c1fgLsf] nIf0f xf] .
PsfGtdf JolQmsf] :jod\;Fu ;fIffTsf/ x'G5 / p;n] k/dfTdfsf] åf/nfO{ vf]Hg ;S5 . t;y{ 1fgL
PsfGtdf /x]/ k/dfTdfsf] lrGtg ug{ rfxG5 . x/]s 1fgL k'?ifn] k/dfTdf k|fKt ug{'cl3 PsfGtdf
af; u/]sf] x'G5 . a'4, dxfjL/ ;a} PsfGtsf] lrGtgaf6} ;TonfO{ kfpg ;kmn x'g'ePsf] xf] .
dxfjL/ afx| jif{;Dd 3/ 5f]8]/ df}g x'g'ePsf] lyof], a'4 5 jif{;Dd hËndf /xg'ePsf] lyof] .
df]xdbn] lt; lbg;Dd PsfGt kj{tdf latfpg'ePsf] lyof] . lh;;nfO{ t]lQ; jif{df z"nL
r9fOof] . pxfFsf] tLg jif{sf] Oltxf; dfq O;fO{x¿;Fu 5 . lt; jif{ pxfFn] klg PsfGtd} latfpg'
ePsf] lyof] . of] PsfGtsf] /; / df}gdf /xg' 1fgLsf] nIf0f xf] . PsfGtdf dfq k/dfTdfsf] vf]hL
ug{ ;lsG5 .
z'4 b]z eGgfn] o:tf] 7fpF hxfFaf6 k/dfTdfsf] ofqfdf cl3 a9\g ;lsG5 . To;}n] h'g
JolQmn] hLjgsf] ;To hfGg] dfu{df n}hfg ;xof]u u5{, To:tf] JolQmsxfF hfg'k5{ / le8af6
aRg'k5{ . >Ls[i0f o;nfO{ z'4 b]z eGg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cfWoflTds 1fgdf lgTo l:ylt /
tŒj1fgsf] cy{¿k k/dfTdfnfO{ ;j{q b]Vg' g} 1fg xf] / o;sf ljk/Lt ;a} c1fg xf] . k/dfTdfnfO{
cfkm"leq b]Vg g;Sg]n] p;nfO{ ;j{q b]Vg ;Sb}g . k/dfTdfsf] vf]hL cfkm"leqaf6 g} ;'? ug{'k5{ .
cfkm"leq k/dfTdfsf] af]w x'g yfn]kl5 kl/lw a9]/ qmdzM ;j{q k/dfTdf b]lvg ;'? x'G5 . k/dfTdf
;j{q b]Vg' 1fgLsf] nIf0f xf] . >Ls[i0fn] cgGo efjn] dk|lt ;dlk{t xf]pm eGg'sf] k|of]hg cgGo
efjn] ;dlk{t x'Fbf JolQmleq klg PsTj 3l6t eP/ k/dfTdflt/ n}hfg] 5 eGg] xf] .
1]o+ oQTk|jIofld oH1fTjfd[tdZg't] .
cgflbdTk/+ a|Xd g ;QGgf;b'Rot] ..!#..
x] ch{'g Û hf] hfGgof]Uo 5 / h;nfO{ hfg]/ dg'io cd[t / k/dfgGbnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 To;af/]
eGb5'– Tof] cflb/lxt k/a|Xd ePsfn] To;nfO{ g ;t\ elgG5 g t c;t\ g} elgG5 ..
;j{tM kfl0fkfb+ tT;j{tf]˜lIflz/f]d'vd\ .
;j{tM >'ltdNnf]s] ;j{dfj[To lti7lt ..!$..
t/ Tof] ;a}lt/ xft / v'§f ePsf], ;a}lt/ g]q, lz/ / d'v ePsf] tyf ;a}lt/ sfg ePsf]
5 lsgeg] Tof] ;+;f/df ;a}nfO{ JofKt u/]/ l:yt 5 ..
;j]{lGb|ou'0ffef;+ ;j]{lG›oljjlh{td\ .
c;Qm+ ;j{e[Rr}j lgu{'0f+ u'0fef]St[ r ..!%..
Tof] ;Dk"0f{ OlG›osf] ljifonfO{ hfGg]jfnf xf] t/ jf:tjdf ;a} OlG›o/lxt 5 / Tof] g}
cf;lQm/lxt eP/ klg ;a}sf] wf/0f—kf]if0f ug]{jfnf / lgu{0' f eP/ klg u'0fnfO{ ef]Ug]jfnf xf] ..

nf]suLtf– 545
cWofo–!#
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û hf] hfGg of]Uo 5 / hf] hfg]kl5 c¿ s]xL hfGg z]if /xFb}g
tyf h;nfO{ hfg]/ dg'io cd[t / k/d cfgGbnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 Tof] ltdLnfO{ eG5' . xfdLnfO{ w]/} s'/f
hfGg] lh1f;f x'G5 t/ Tof] hfGgof]Uo 5 ls 5}g eg]/ /fd|/L ;f]r]df xfdL Joy{sf] lh1f;fsf nflu
cfˆgf] ;do / zlQm Joo ug]{ 5}gf}F . hfGg] s'/f cgGt 5 t/ JolQmsf] ;Ldf 5 . h] hfGg dg x'G5
Tof] hfGgof]Uo x'G5 eGg] h?/L x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hfGgof]Uo Tof] xf] hf] hfg]kl5 c¿ hfGgsf
nflu s]xL z]if /xFb}g . s]xL hfg]/ klg cem hfGg afFsL /Xof] eg] Tof] hfGgof]Uo g} x'Fb}g .
bz{gzf:q s]jn lh1f;f dfq xf] . bz{gzf:qn] k'/fgf] k|Zgsf cfwf/df gofF k|Zgx¿ tof/ u5{,
lsgeg] o;df JolQm pT;'stfn] dfq hfGg rfxG5 . wd{n] hfGgof]Uo s'/f dfq ;f]W5 h;nfO{
hfg]kl5 c¿ hfGg] bf}8 g} ;dfKt x'G5 . cd[tsf] hfgsf/L gx'Gh]n dflg;x¿sf] k|Zgsf] cGt x'Fb}g
lsgeg] dflg; k|foM ;a} d[To'sf] sf/0fn] g} k|Zg ;f]W5g\ .
h'g hfg]kl5 cd[tnfO{ hflgG5 ToxL hfGg'k5{ . d[To' b'v xf] eg] cd[t k/dfgGb xf] . xfd|f
;a} b'vsf k5fl8 klg d[To' n's]sf] x'G5 . la/fdLsf] b'v, a'9];sfnsf] b'v, c;kmntfsf] b'v ;a}
d[To's} b'v x'g\ . wg gx'Fbfsf] b'v klg d[To's} b'v xf] lsgeg] wg gx'Fbf hLjg ;'/lIft x'Fb}g /
pkrf/flb sfo{ x'g ;Sb}g eGg] eo x'G5 . ;a} d[To'sf] eo g} b'v xf] . hxfF klg b'v x'G5, ToxfF
d[To'sf] eo s'g} g s'g} k|sf/n] /x]sf] x'G5 . xfd|f] ;'vdf d[To'sf] 5fofn] ljif 3f]lnlbG5 . ;'vsf]
If0f klg If0fe/sf] dfq x'G5 eGg] ;f]rfO klg d[To's} 5fof xf] . ;'vsf nflu dflg; hLjge/
bf}l8G5 t/ ;'v k|flKt kZrft\ of] ;'v If0feË'/ x'G5 eGg] ;f]rn] JolQm cflQg yfN5 . d[To'n]
xfdLnfO{ rf/}lt/af6 3]/]sf] 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 d[To'sf] eoaf6 aRg Tof] hfGg of]Uo s'/f hfGg'k5{
h;nfO{ hfg]kl5 cd[t / k/dfgGb k|fKt x'G5 / ToxL 1fg xf] . o:tf] hfGgof]Uo s'/f d ltdLnfO{
/fd|/L eG5' .
Tof] cflb/lxt k/da|Xd csygLo x'gfn] p;nfO{ g ;t\ elgG5 / g c;t\ g} elgG5 . of]
cToGt ;"Id s'/f xf] . k/dfTdfnfO{ xfdL g 5 eGg ;S5f}“ g 5}g eGg ;S5f}“ . cfl:ts / gfl:ts
oxL ljjfbdf x'G5g\ t/ >Ls[i0f O{Zj/nfO{ s'g} klg zAbn] k"/f eGg ;lsGg lsgeg] O{Zj/ lj/f6\ 5
/ zAb ;fgf] / 5'› 5 eGg'x'G5 . O{Zj/ 5 / 5}g eGbf dfly 5 . cfl:tssf] O{Zj/ 5 eGg'df klg
cfwf g} eGg ;lsG5 sf/0f O{Zj/ t 5 / 5}g b'j} xf], To;}n] pm csygLo 5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ zAbdf
JoQm ug{ g;lsg] x'Fbf pm csygLo 5 . p;nfO{ df}gtfdf dfq k"0f{ cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 . uLtf
cfl:ts ls gfl:ts xf] eg]/ s;}n] ;f]Wof] eg] uLtf of] b'j} geP/ wfld{s xf] lsgeg] cfl:tstf /
gfl:tstfn] hLjgnfO{ b'O{ lx:;fdf tf]8\b5 .
cl:tTj Ps 5, b'O{ lx:;fdf 6'lqmPsf] 5}g . k/dfTdf hLjg / d[To' b'j} xf] . To;}n] t
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– pm csygLo 5 lsgeg] ha s'g} s'/fdf b'j} x'G5, ta Tof] csygLo x'G5 . syg
t ta ;Dej x'G5, ha;Dd pm ljk/Lt geP/ Ps x'G5 . klZrdfx¿ b'O{ ljk/Lt s'/f Ps;fy x'g
;Sb}g eGb5g\ t/ k"j{df b'O{ ljk/Lt s'/f Ps;fy x'g ;S5 eGg] dfGotf 5 . Tof] b'j} ljk/Lt hf]
Ps ;fydf 5 ToxL k/dfTdf xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– pm ;t\ klg 5 c;t\ klg 5 . To;}n] O{Zj/
csygLo 5, pm j0f{g ug{ g;lsg] 5 . k|To]s …5Ú sf b'j}lt/ …5}gÚ x'G5 . h:tf] 3/ lxhf] lyPg,
cfh 5, ef]ln x'Fb}g . To;}n] O{Zj/ 5 eGbf p;sf] b'j}lt/ 5}g x'G5 . O{Zj/ ;bf 5, To;}n] hf] ;bf
5 p;nfO{ 5 eGg' pko'Qm x'Fb}g . xfdL 5 Tof] s'/fnfO{ eG5f}, hf] lxhf] lyPg / ef]ln klg x'Fb}g
cfh dfq lardf 5 t/ O{Zj/ t ;bf 5, To;}n] p;nfO{ 5 eGg' plrt x'Fb}g . h;nfO{ 5 eGg' t
plrt x'Fb}g eg] 5}g eGg'sf] t cy{ g} x'Fb}g . k/dfTdf lxhf] klg lyof], cfh klg 5 / ef]ln klg
x'g] 5 t;y{ pm ;bf 5 .

nf]suLtf– 546
 cWofo–!#
O{Zj/ cl:tTj xf] . 5}g / 5 b'j} p;df g} ;dfj]z x'G5 lsgeg] p;s} Ps ¿k …5Ú / csf]{
¿k …5}gÚ xf] . slxn] pm k|s6 x'Fbf …5Ú eGg] k|tLt x'G5 / slxn] ck|s6 x'Fbf …5}gÚ h:tf] k|tLt
x'G5 . Pp6f lapleq j[If ck|s6 ¿kdf x'G5 t/ j[If lg:s]kl5 Tof] j[If k|s6 x'G5 . ToxL lapleq
j[If ck|s6 ¿kdf a;]sf] lyof] / Tof] j[If eP/ k|s6 ePkl5 ca lap /x]g ck|s6af6 k|s6
eof] . To:t} k/dfTdf 5}g eGg' p;sf] ck|s6 ¿k xf] / 5 eGg' k|s6 ¿k xf] . hut\\ p;sf] k|s6
¿k / cfTdf p;sf] ck|s6 ¿k xf] . k/dfTdfsf] k|s6 ¿k t hfGg ;lsG5 t/ ck|s6 ¿k
cfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;Sg'k5{ / Tof] hfGg] pkfo Wofg, k|]d, >4fo'Qm elQm / cgGo efj;lxtsf] ;dk{0f
xf] h;af6 O{Zj/sf] ck|s6 ¿knfO{ cg'ejaf6 hfGg ;lsG5 .
k|s6 ¿k c;t\ / ck|s6 ¿k g} ;t\ xf] t/ k/dfTdf g ;t\ 5 g t c;t\ g} 5 . pm b'j} 5
To;}n] csygLo 5 . p;sf] j0f{g zAbdf ;Lldt 5}g lsgeg] pm c;Ld 5 . zAbn] k/dfTdfnfO{
atfpg ;lsGg t/ elQmn] p;sf] emnssf af/]df j0f{g ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] zf:qx¿n] p;sf
af/]df w]/} s'/f eg]/ klg k"/f eGg ;Sb}gg\ . dg'io k"/f k/dfTdfnfO{ atfpg ;Sb}g lsgeg] p;sf]
hfGg] Ifdtf ;Lldt x'G5 t/ k/dfTdf lj/f6\ 5 . dg'iosf] r]tgfn] k/dfTdfnfO{ d'ÝLdf afFWg ;Sb}g
lsgeg] xfd|f] r]tgf k/dfTdfleq g} x'G5 . k/Gt' pm rf/}lt/af6 xft v'§fjfnf / ;a}lt/af6 g]q,
d'v / lz/ ePsf] 5 / ;a}lt/af6 ;|f]tjfnf 5 lsgeg] pm ;+;f/df ;a}nfO{ JofKt u/]/ l:yt 5
eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . k/dfTdf csygLo, lg/fsf/, lgu{'0f / ;t\–c;t\ dfq 5}g . o:tf] dfq
ePdf k/dfTdf;Fu xfd|f] ;DaGw g} 5'6\g] 5 lsgeg] xfdLx¿nfO{ z"Go k/dfTdf;Fu s;/L ;DaGw
/fVg] eGg] nfUg ;S5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f csygLo eg]kl5 tTsfn eGg'x'G5, pm ;a}lt/af6
xftv'§fjfnf, ;a}lt/af6 g]q, lz/, / d'vjfnf, sfgjfnf 5 lsgeg] pm ;+;f/df ;a}nfO{ JofKt u/]/
l:yt 5 .
h:tf] k/dfTdfsf] k|s6 / ck|s6 ¿k 5 To:t} ;fsf/–lg/fsf/ / ;u'0f–lgu{'0f ¿k klg 5 .
b'j} ljk/Ltdf pxL 5 / b'j} ¿k p;sf] g} xf] . To;}n] s;}n] k"/f Åbo nufP/ p;;Fu s'/f ug{
;S5 . k'sf/ u/]df k/dfTdfsf] sfg t k|s6 x'Fb}g t/ Tof] k'sf/ pm;dIf k'U5 lsgeg] p;sf] sfg
;j{q l:yt 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– pm ;a}lt/af6 sfgjfnf 5 . olb Åbob]lv g} e/f];fsf ;fy
xfdLn] xfd|f] xft p;nfO{ lbof}F eg] z"Go cfsfz klg p;sf] xft aGg] 5 / p;n] xfd|f] xft
;XDffNg] 5 t/ of] xfdLdf lge{/ u5{ lsgeg] Åbob]lv e/f];fk"j{s / >4fk"j{s k'sf/ gu/]df xfd|f]
k'sf/ / xfd|f] xft k/dfTdf;dIf k'Ug ;Sb}g . ljgf ;Gb]x >4fk"j{s xft a9fPdf x/]s xfjfsf] nx/
k/dfTdfsf] xft aGg] 5 / ToxfF 36gf cjZo g} 36\g] 5 lsgeg] p;sf] xft t rf/}lt/ l:yt 5 .
JolQmsf] >4f / elQmk"j{s a9]sf] xftnfO{ k/d]Zj/n] cjZo :jLsf/ u5{g\ t/ clnslt klg c>4f
eof] eg] 36gf 36\g ;Sb}g . >4fk"j{s xft a9fPsf] p;n] xflb{stfk"j{s :jLsf/ ub{5 . k/dfTdf
;Dk"0f{ OlG›onfO{ hfGg]jfnf eP klg OlG›oaf6 kf/ 5g\ . k/dfTdf xfd|f] aflx/ dfq xf]Og xfd|f]leq
klg pxL 5 . xfdL ;b}j k/dfTdfdf g} 5f}F To;}n] xfdLnfO{ k/dfTdfsf af/]df yfxf x'Fb}g . k/dfTdf
gePsf] o:tf] s'g} 7fpF g} 5}g . To;}n] xfdL k/dfTdfdf g} eP/ klg p;sf] Kof;L x'G5f}F .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;Dk"0f{ OlG›onfO{ pm hfGb5 . leqaf6 klg cfFvfn] k/dfTdf g} x]5{ /
aflx/ km"ndf klg pm g} b]lvG5 . ;a} OlG›onfO{ hfg]/ klg pm OlG›o/lxt 5 . of] ;a} ts{af6
xf]Og cg'ejaf6 hfGg ;lsG5 . ;Dk"0f{ OlG›o aGb u/]/ leq Wofg s]lG›t u¥of] eg] la:tf/}
aflx/sf] cfjfh zfGt x'G5 / Pp6f o:tf] ;do cfpF5 hxfF leqsf] cfjfh ;'lgg yfN5 . of]
cgfxt gfb ljgf sfg klg ;'lgG5 . cGwf] JolQmn] klg cfTdfnfO{ b]Vg ;S5, leqsf] cg'ejdf
plqg ;S5 / alx/f] JolQmn] klg leq çsf/sf] gfbnfO{ ;'Gg ;S5 . ha o:tf] cg'ej x'G5 ta

nf]suLtf– 547
cWofo–!#
k/dfTdf ;a} OlG›onfO{ hfg]/ klg OlG›o/lxt OlG›osf] kf/ ePsf] yfxf x'G5 . cf;lQm/lxt /
u'0fx¿af6 /lxt ePsf] pm lgu{'0f 5 / cfˆgf] of]udfofaf6 ;a}sf] wf/0f kf]if0f ug]{jfnf /
u'0fx¿nfO{ ef]Ug]jfnf klg xf] eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . of] ;f/f jQmJodf lj/f]wnfO{ hf]8\g] k|of;
ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;f/f k|of; k/dfTdfnfO{ cljeflht u/fpg] xf] lsgeg] k/dfTdf b'j} xf] .
u'0fx¿nfO{ ef]Ug]jfnf klg pxL xf] Pjd\ lgu'{0f klg pxL xf] .
dg'iosf] dg / a'l4h:tf b'O{ ljk/LtnfO{ hf]8\g cToGt ufx|f] x'G5 lsgeg] a'l4sf] Joj:yf
hf]8\g' geP/ 6'S|ofpg' xf] . To;}n] a'l4 v08s x'G5 . sfFraf6 k|sfzsf] ls/0f kf/ x'Fbf Tof] ls/0f
;ft efudf 6'lqmG5 / jiff{df OG›wg'if b]lvPh:t} x'G5 . dg'iosf] a'l4 klg sfFrsf] 6'qmf h:t}
lrhx¿nfO{ 6'S|ofpg] sfd u5{ . ha;Dd JolQm a'l4nfO{ x6fP/ x]g]{ snf hfGb}g, ta;Dd OG›wg'if
h:t} 6'lqmPsf] cg]s /Ë dfq b]Vb5 . olb xfdLn] a'l4nfO{ x6fof}F eg] ;a} lrh Ps} ;]tf] /Ësf]
x'G5 . ;]tf] /Ë ;a} /Ësf] hf]8 xf] / o;}leq ;a} /Ë n's]sf] x'G5 . hut\\ OG›wg'if xf], OlG›oaf6
6'lqmP/ hut\\sf] OG›wg'if lgld{t x'G5 . OlG›o, dg / a'l4 x6fof}F eg] ;f/f hut\\ Ps /Ësf] x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– lgu{'0f / ;u'0f b'j} pxL xf] . ;a} u'0f p;s} xf] t/ klg s'g} u'0f p;sf] xf]Og .
cfhsf] lzIf0f k4lt lj/f]w Ps;fy x'g ;Sb}g eGg] cfwf/df lgld{t ePsf] 5 t/ pklgifb\,
j]b, uLtf k/dfTdf b'j} xf] eGb5g\ . s[i0fsf] egfO ch{'gnfO{ a'l4sf] kf/ n}hfg] k|of; xf] lsgeg]
ch{'g cfˆgf] a'l4af6 t of] s'/f a'‰g c;dy{ 5g\ t/ olb pgsf] a'l4 ;dfKt eof] eg] of] ljk/Lt
b'j} k/dfTdf xf] eg]/ hfGg ;Sg] 5g\ . of] s[i0fsf] jrg v08–v08 ug]{ a'l4nfO{ g} tf]8\g] k|of;
xf] . ;+;f/ sDkg xf] / xfd|f] a'l4 lj/f]wdf afFl8Psf] 5 / ;a} s'/fnfO{ afF8]/ ljZn]if0f u5{ .
>Ls[i0fsf] k"/f k|of; gafF8Lsg :jLsf/ u/ eGg] xf] . cl:tTjnfO{ Ps ¿kdf x]/f}F lsgeg] lgu{'0f /
;u'0f b'j} pxL xf] . cl:tTjdf ;fsf/ / lg/fsf/ b'j} ;dflji6 5 . ha b'j} lj/f]wnfO{ Ps;fy
:jLsf/ ul/G5, ta dg ;dfKt x'G5 / cdgsf] l:ylt pTkGg eP/ ;dflw kmlnt x'G5 . b'O{dWo]
PsnfO{ r'Gg' å}tnfO{ ;dy{g ug{' xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0fsf] ;f/f k|of]hg b'O{ ljk/LtnfO{ Ps;fy
:jLsf/ u/ eGg] xf] h'g cå}tsf] l:ylt xf] .
alx/GtZr e"tfgfdr/+ r/d]j r .
;"IdTjfQblj1]o+ b"/:y+ rflGts] r tt\ ..!^..
Tof] k/dfTdf r/fr/ ;Dk"0f{ ;a} e"tx¿sf] aflx/ / leq kl/k"0f{ 5 / r/ cr/ ¿k klg
pxL xf] . pm ;"Id x'gfn] clj1]o 5 . h;/L ;"o{sf] ls/0fdf l:yt ePsf] hn ;"Id eP/ ;fwf/0f
dg'ion] hfGb}gg\, To:t} ;j{JofkL k/dfTdf klg ;"Id x'gfn] ;fwf/0f dg'ion] hfGb}gg\ . Tof] k/dfTdf
clt glur / clt 6f9f klg l:yt 5 ..
cljeQm+ r e"t]if' ljeQmldj r l:ytd\ .
e"tet{[ r tH1]o+ u|l;i0f' k|elji0f' r ..!&..
pxL k/dfTdf ljefu/lxt Ps ¿kaf6 cfsfz ;b[Zf kl/k"0f{ eP klg r/fr/ ;Dk"0f{ e"tdf
k[ys\k[ys\ ;b[Zf k|tLt x'G5 / pm hfGgof]Uo k/dfTdf lji0f' ¿kn] e"tx¿nfO{ wf/0f kf]if0f ug]{jfnf,
?› ¿kn] ;+xf/ ug]{jfnf / a|Xd ¿kn] ;a}nfO{ pTkGg ug]{jfnf xf] ..

nf]suLtf– 548
 cWofo–!#
Hof]ltiffdlk tHHof]lt:td;\M k/d'Rot] .
1fg+ 1]o+ 1fguDo+ Ålb ;j{:o ljli7td\ ..!*..
pm k/a|Xd Hof]ltx¿sf] klg Hof]lt / dfofaf6 clt k/ 5 elgG5 . pm k/dfTdf af]w:j¿k
tyf hfGgof]Uo 5 / tŒj1fgn] k|fKt ug{ of]Uo 5 clg ;a}sf] Åbodf ljz]if ¿kn] l:yt 5 ..
k/dfTdfdf b'O{ clt ;dflji6 x'G5g\ t/ JolQmx¿ Ps clt;Fu dfq tfbfTDo ub{5g\ h'g
cw'/f] / c;To x'G5 . cGo wd{n] k/dfTdfnfO{ ;|i6fsf] ¿kdf dfq :jLsf/ u5{ t/ lxGb" wd{ PSnf]
wd{ xf] h;n] k/dfTdfnfO{ ;|i6f / ljWj+;s b'j} ¿kdf :jLsf/ u5{ . k/dfTdf ;|i6f xf] eGg] s'/f t
;lhnf];Fu a'‰g ;lsG5 t/ ljWj+;s klg xf] eGbf lj/f]wsf] cfef; x'G5 . k/dfTdf b'j} xf] eGg'
oyfy{ j}1flgs s'/f xf] lsgeg] hut\\df ;dfKt x'g] k|lqmof ePg eg] aGg] k|lqmof klg aGb x'G5 .
To:t} d[To' aGb x'Fbf hGd klg aGb x'G5 . hGd / d[To'sf] cg'kft Pp6} x'G5 . clxn]
lrlsT;fzf:qn] d[To'nfO{ s]xL ;do k/ ws]Ng / la/fdL cln sd ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . To;}n] ;a}
b]zx¿ ;Gtlt lg/f]wdf nfu]sf 5g\ . olb ;Gtlt lg/f]w ul/Pg eg] of] hGd–d[To'sf] cg'kftnfO{
k|fs[lts k|sf]k / ljkbfn] Pjd\ gofF /f]ux¿n] ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ 5g\ / hGd d[To'sf] of] cg'kft
h;/L klg sfod x'G5 . hGd / d[To' Pp6} wfufsf b'O{ lsgf/f x'g\ / To;df Pp6f ;Gt'ng 5 .
o; ;"qdf >Ls[i0f k/dfTdf b'O{ cltsf] hf]8 xf] / ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf] aflx/–leq p kl/k"0f{ 5
eGg'x'G5 . k|foMh;f] JolQmx¿ k/dfTdf aflx/ 5 eg]/ dfGb5g\ . dfly st} a;]/ pxL of] ;f/f
hut\\nfO{ rnfO/x]sf] 5 eGg] ;f]Rb5g\ / k/dfTdfnfO{ vf]Hg dlGb/ k'U5g\, h'g Ps clt xf] . Ps
csf]{ clt 5 hxfF JolQmx¿ k/dfTdf aflx/ xf]Og leq 5 eg]/ ;f]Rb5g\≤ To;}n] sxLF dlGb/, tLy{
hfg' h?/t 5}g eGb5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– oL b'j} y/Lsf] dfGotf cw{;To dfq xf] . cw{;To t
c;ToeGbf eofjx x'G5 lsgeg] o;n] ;To h:tf] cfef; lbG5 t/ ;To x'Fb}g . k/dfTdf ;f/f
r/fr/sf ;a} k|f0fLx¿df aflx/ / leq kl/k"0f{ 5 lsgeg] aflx/ / leq p;s} b'O{ v08 xf] .
JolQmsf nflu ePsf] aflx/ / leq k/dfTdfsf nflu g aflx/ x'G5 / g leq g} x'G5 lsgeg] b'j}df
pxL l:yt 5 . of] :y"n z/L/sf sf/0f leq / aflx/sf] b"/L sfod ePsf] xf] cGoyf b'j}df k/dfTdf
5 / pm b'j} xf] . r/–cr/ ¿k klg k/dfTdf g} xf] h] ablnG5 Tof] klg pxL xf] / h] ablnFb}g, Tof]
klg pxL xf] . b'j} åGånfO{ p;}n] 3]/]sf] 5 .
k/dfTdf cToGt ;"Id x'gfn] pm clj1]o cyf{t\ hfGg g;lsg] 5 . clt ;"Id eof] eg] hfGg
;lsGg / clt lj/f6\ eof] eg] klg hfGg ;lsFb}g . g t of] ;"Id ¿k hfGg ;lsG5 g t of] cgGt
lj:tf/ g} hfGg ;lsG5 . of] k/dfTdfsf] b'O{ lsgf/f xf] . k/dfTdf lj/f6\sf] cy{df cgGt lj/f6\ /
;"Idsf] cy{df clt;"Id 5 . To;}n] p;nfO{ hfGg ;lsFb}g ;fy} pm clj1]o Pjd\ a'‰g g;lsg] 5 .
k/dfTdfnfO{ a'l4n] xf]Og cg'ejn] dfq hfGg ;lsG5 . h:tf] g'gsf] cy{ zf:qdf hlt k9] klg
d'vdf xfn]/ cg'ej gu/L hfGg ;lsFb}g To:t} k/dfTdfnfO{ a'l4n] hfGg ;lsFb}g a? cg'ejaf6
hfGg ;lsG5 . h'g s'/f a'l4n] hflgFb}g, Tof] klg cg'ejåf/f hfGg ;lsG5 . h'g;'s} wd{sf] lzIff
lbP klg k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;lsGg . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;"Id x'gfn] pm clj1]o 5, a'l4n]
p;nfO{ hfGg ;lsGg .
k/dfTdf clt glhs / clt k/ 5 . k/dfTdf olt glhs 5 hlt JolQm cfkm";Fu klg x'Fb}g .
glhs eGg' klg plrt x'Fb}g lsgeg] xfdL g} pxL xf}F . ;fy} pm k/ klg olt k/ 5 h;sf] xfdL
sNkgf klg ug{ ;Sb}gf}F lsgeg] k/dfTdfsf] s'g} ;Ldf g} 5}g . To;}n] s[i0f oL b'O{ cltnfO{ hf]8\g]
k|of; ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . k/dfTdf ljefu/lxt 5 . k/dfTdfsf] s'g} ljefhg g} x'g ;Sb}g / ;a}
ljefudf pxL l:yt 5 tyf Tof] hfGgof]Uo k/dfTdf k|f0fLx¿sf] wf/0f kf]if0f ug]{jfnf, ;+xf/

nf]suLtf– 549
cWofo–!#
ug]{jfnf / pTkGg ug]{jfnf ;a} pxL xf] . k/dfTdfn] g} agfpF5, pm g} ;XDffN5 / p;n] g} ;dfKt
klg kf5{ . o; sygn] JolQmnfO{ lglZrGt / ;Gtfkaf6 klg d'Qm ug{ ;S5 lsgeg] Ps k6s
agfpg], ;XDffNg] / ;dfKt kfg]{ pxL xf] eg]/ hfg]kl5 xfd|f] xftdf s]xL klg x'Fb}g . k/dfTdf;Fu
a'9f] ePsf]df, la/fdL ePsf]df klg s'g} u'gf;f] x'Fb}g / JolQm lglZrGt x'g ;S5 . k/dfTdfn]
Psftkm{af6 agfpF5 csf]{tkm{ ;dfKt u5{ / lardf kfngkf]if0f u5{ . To;}n] xfdLn] k/dfTdfsf]
lqd"lt{sf] k|tLs agfPsf xf}+ . k/dfTdfsf tLg d"lt{df tLg k|sf/sf wf/0ff 5g\ . lqd"lt{sf] cy{
k/dfTdf tLg xf]Og Pp6} k/dfTdfsf] tLg ¿k xf] . cl:tTj t Pp6} 5 t/ To;sf 9Ë tLg 5g\ .
pxL Hof]ltx¿sf] Hof]lt / dfofaf6 klg clt k/ 5 elgG5 tyf Tof] k/dfTdf af]w:j¿k /
hfGgof]Uo 5, tŒj1fgn] k|fKt ug{ of]Uo 5 / ;a}sf] Åbodf ljz]if ¿kn] l:yt 5 . k/dfTdf
clj1]o 5 t/ km]l/ hfGgof]Uo klg pxL 5 . of] em6\6 x]bf{ Ps csf{sf] lj/f]w h:tf] b]lvP klg
o;df s'g} lj/f]w 5}g . p;nfO{ g a'l4n] g ts{n] g} hfGg ;lsG5 lsgeg] a'l4 / ;f/f k|df0f klg
xfd|} xf] h'g xfdLeGbf 7'nf] / hfGg] x'g ;Sb}g . a'l4nfO{ 5f]8]/ lga{'l¢ ePdf dfq k/dfTdf;Fu
;DaGw hf]l8g ;S5 . a'l4af6 5'› / ;ª\sL0f{sf] vf]h dfq x'g ;S5 .
a'l4sf] ;ª\sL0f{ af6f]af6 lj/f6\tkm{ k|j]z x'g ;Sb}g . ;Gtx¿n] a'l4af6 d'Qm eP/
k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg] af6f]df ofqf ug'{k5{ eg]sf 5g\ . k|s[ltn] a'l4 lardf /x'Gh]n sfd ug{ ;Sb}g /
a'l4n] lardf afwf gu/]kl5 dfq k|s[ltn] sfd ug{ ;S5 . ha xfdL k/dfTdfnfO{ afwf gu/L
a'l4nfO{ x6fpF5f}F, ta k/dfTdf 1ft x'g yfN5 . k/dfTdf a'l4sf] nflu clj1]o 5 t/ ha a'l4
x6\5, ta k|1f / ;fIfLefjaf6 pxL hfGg / cg'ej ug{of]Uo 5 . x/]s s[To ubf{ stf{kg 5f]8L
;fIfL eP/ u¥of}“ eg] la:tf/} p;sf] cg'ej x'g ;'? x'G5 . ;fIfLefjn] leq k|j]z u/]df cfˆgf]
z/L/nfO{ leqaf6 b]Vg ;lsG5 / of] cEof;af6 la:tf/} a'l4 x6]/ leqsf] Åbosf] åf/ v'Ng yfN5 /
Tof] åf/df g} k/dfTdfsf] klxnf] emns pknAw x'G5 . a'l4 k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg afwf xf] eg] ;fIfL
efj k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg] åf/ xf] .
Olt If]q+ tyf 1fg+ 1]o+ rf]Qm+ ;df;tM .
d∫Qm Ptlå1fo d∫fjfof]kkBt] ..!(..
x] ch{'g Û o;k|sf/ If]q / 1fg, 1fgsf] ;fwg / hfGgof]Uo k/dfTdfsf] :j¿k ;+If]kdf eg]F .
o;nfO{ tŒj1fgn] hfg]/ d]/f] eQmnfO{ d]/f] :j¿k k|fKt x'G5 ..
k|s[lt+ k'?if+ r}j lj4ØgfbL pefjlk .
ljsf/f+Zr u'0ff+Zr}j ljl4 k|s[lt;Dejfg\ ..@)..
x] ch{'g Û lqu'0ffTds k|s[lt tyf d]/f] dfof / k'?if If]q1– oL b'j}nfO{ ltdL cgflb hfg /
/fuå]ifflb ljsf/nfO{ tyf lqu'0ffTds ;Dk"0f{ kbfy{nfO{ klg k|s[ltaf6 pTkGg ePsf] hfg ..
sfo{s/0fst{[Tj] x]t'M k|s[lt?Rot] .
k'?ifM ;'vb'Mvfgf+ ef]Qm[Tj] x]t'?Rot] ..@!..
lsgeg] sfo{ / sf/0f pTkGg ug]{df x]t' k|s[lt elgG5 / hLjfTdf ;'v b'vsf] ef]Qmfkgdf
ef]Ugsf nflu elgG5 ..
x] ch{'g Û o;k|sf/ If]q / 1fgsf] ;fwg / hfGgof]Uo k/dfTdfsf] :j¿ksf af/]df ;+If]kdf
eg]F . o;nfO{ s;}n] tŒjk"j{s hfGof] eg] pm d]/f] :j¿knfO{ k|fKt x'G5 . If]q / If]q1sf] ;DaGwdf /
1fg / 1fgsf] ;fwgsf af/]df d}n] ltdLnfO{ atfPsf] s'/f tŒjk"j{s hfGof} eg] ltdLnfO{ d]/f]

nf]suLtf– 550
 cWofo–!#
:j¿k k|fKt x'g] 5 egL >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . cg'ejaf6 / :jod\sf] ;fIffTsf/af6 cfkm“}n] hfGg'
tŒjaf6 hfGg' xf] . ;d'›sf] kfgL g'lgnf] 5 eg]/ c¿n] eg]sf] ;'g]sf] cfwf/df eGg' hfgsf/L xf]
eg] rfv]/ g'lgnf] ePsf] hfGg' tŒjk"j{s / cfˆgf] cg'ejaf6 hfGg' xf] . :jod\sf] cg'ejaf6
tŒj1fg kmlnt x'G5 . cfTdf db}{g eGg] s]6fs]6Lb]lv ;'g]sf] e/df eGg' kfl/jfl/s wf/0ff xf] t/
:jod\sf] cg'ejaf6 hfGg' tŒj1fg xf] .
tŒjn] hfGg] JolQm k/d O{Zj/;Fu Ps x'G5 . k|s[lt / k'?if agfOPsf xf]Ogg\ . oL b'j} ;w}F
/ ;bf 5g\ ;fy} g t oL aG5g\ / g ;dfKt g} x'G5g\ . of] slxn] b[Zo x'G5 / slxn] cb[Zo x'G5
t/ slxNo} aGb}g / d]l6Fb}g . cb[Zo x'g' klg cl:tTjsf] Pp6f 9Ë xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL
k|s[lt cyf{t\ d]/f] lqu'0fdoL dfof / k'?if cyf{t\ If]q1nfO{ cgflb hfg . k'?if / k|s[lt hf] b]lvG5 /
h;n] b]V5 TfL b'j} cgflb x'g\ / pgLx¿sf] s'g} k|f/De 5}g . wd{n] klg hut\nfO{ cgflb dfGb5 .
k|s[lt / k'?if b'j}sf] k|f/De 5}g . xfd|f] z/L/ / cfTdfsf] s'g} k|f/De 5}g t/ xfd|f] k|f/De 5 . xfd|f]
z/L/ h'g s'/fn] ag]sf] 5 To;/L g} z/L/ klxn] klg aGYof] / xfdLkl5 klg To;/L g} aGg] 5 .
xfdL tŒj xf]Ogf}F, ;+of]u xf}F / ;+of]usf] hGd x'G5 / ljgfz klg x'G5 t/ h'g z/L/ tŒj 5 To;sf]
ljgfz x'Fb}g . xfd|f] d[To'kl5 z/L/ h'g h'g s'/faf6 ag]sf] 5, ToxL ;+;f/df lkmtf{ x'G5 / cfTdf
cfTdfs} ;+;f/df lkmtf{ x'G5 . oL b'j} tŒj klxn] klg lyP / ;w}F /xg] 5g\ .
xfdL oL b'O{ tŒjsf] ;+of]u dfq xf}F . t;y{ xfd|f] hGd klg x'G5 / d[To' klg x'G5 . k|s[lt /
k'?ifsf] cflb / cGt 5}g t/ ;+;f/sf] cGt 5 . cfTdf / z/L/ tŒj ldn]/ xfdL ag];/x k|s[lt /
k'?if ldn]/ ;+;f/ aG5 . To;}n] ;+;f/sf] k|f/De / cGt klg x'G5 . xfdL h'g ;+;f/df 5f}F, Tof] ;bf
lyPg . j}1flgsx¿n] %) xhf/ u|xx¿df hLjg 5 eGb5g\ . k[YjLx¿ hGdG5g\ / ;dfKt x'G5g\ .
;+;f/ aG5 / ljgi6 x'G5 t/ d"n b'O{ tŒj k|s[lt / k'?if, k|s[lt / k/dfTdf, kbfy{ / r}tGo oL b'j}
cgflb 5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– b'O{ df}lns tŒj k|s[lt / k'?if cgflb x'g\ / /fu å]ifflb ljsf/x¿
tyf lqu'0ffTds ;Dk"0f{ kbfy{x¿ klg k|s[ltaf6 g} pTkGg ePsf] eg]/ hfg . x] ch{'g Û o; hut\\df
pTkGg eO/x]sf /fu, å]if, ljsf/, lqu'0f, ;Dk"0f{ kbfy{x¿nfO{ ltdL k|s[ltsf] ¿k hfg . logLx¿ ;a}
k|s[ltaf6 g} hlGdPsf x'g\ . k|s[lt / k'?if b'O{ tŒj 5g\, afFsL hlt klg lj:tf/ b]lvG5 Tof] ;a}
log} b'O{ tŒj;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] ;a} hlt klg lqu'0fsf] dfofsf] lj:tf/ 5 /
h] klg kbfy{x¿ b]lvG5g\, TfL ;a} k|s[ltaf6 g} pTkGg ePsf x'g\ . logLx¿ k|s[ltaf6 g} pTkGg
x'G5g\ / k|s[ltdf g} nLg x'G5g\ . h;df ;a} s'/f pTkGg x'G5 / h;df ;a} nLg x'G5 ToxL k|s[lt
xf] .
k|s[lt zAb cb\e't 5 . cª\u|]hLdf Nature jf Creation h:tf zAb 5g\, tL b'j} zAb
k|s[ltsf nflu l7s xf]Ogg\ . k|s[lt zAbsf] cy{ s[lteGbf klxn] cyf{t\ cufl8 xf] . o;sf] cy{
(Precreation) xf] . ha s]xL klg ag]sf] lyPg, ta klg hf] ;[hgfeGbf cufl8 lyof], Tof] k|s[l t
xf] . t;y{ k|s[ltnfO{ ;[hgf ug{ jf cg'jfb ug{ ;lsGg . k|s[lt t h] xfdL b]V5f}F Tof] xf] . k|s[lt
;fª\Vox¿sf lglDt a8f] cb\e't wf/0ff 5 . Tof] hf] b]lvPsf] 5 / of] gb]lvbf h;df of] n's]sf]
lyof] To;nfO{ ;fª\Vo k|s[lt xf] eGb5g\ . ha of] ;f/f ;[hgf d]l6P/ p;}df 8'A5 h;af6 of]
lg:s]sf] 5, Tof] k|s[lt xf] . k|s[lt ;a} ¿kx¿sf] pb\ud xf] lsgeg] sfo{ / sf/0f pTkGg ug]{ x]t' g}
k|s[lt xf] / k'?if ;'v–b'vsf] ef]Qmfkg cyf{t\ ef]Ugsf nflu x]t' xf] . 36gfx¿ k|s[ltdf 36\5g\ /
ef]u / e'lQmsf] sNkgf k'?ifdf 36\5 . Pp6f km"n km'Ng] 36gf k|s[ltdf x'G5 t/ ;+;f/df olb s'g}
JolQm ePg eg] Tof] g ;'Gb/ x'G5 g c;'Gb/ x'G5, g ;'vb x'G5 g t b'vb g} x'G5 / To;n] g

nf]suLtf– 551
cWofo–!#
cfglGbt g} u5{ / g kLl8t g} u5{ . k|s[ltdf 3l6t 36gfx¿sf] cg'ej ug]{ sf]xL k'?if ePg eg]
of] cy{xLg x'G5 tyflk km"n t km'ln g} /xG5 .
k'?ifn] km"n kmqm]sf] b]Vof] eg] Tof] k|s[ltdf kmqm]sf] km"n b]v]/ k'?ifsf] dgdf sNkgf ;'?
x'G5 / km"nnfO{ pm ;'Gb/ eG5 . Tof] km"nk|ltsf] ;'Gb/ efj k'?ifdf p7\5 hals km"n t k'?if gx'Fbf
klg km'N5 tyflk ;'Gb/tfsf] efj eg] k'?ifdf lvNb5 . ha k'?ifn] s;}nfO{ ;'Gb/ eG5, ta p;nfO{
;'vb nfU5 / pm ;'v ef]U5 . olb k'?ifn] s'¿k 5 eGof] eg] pm b'v ef]U5 . dg'ioleqsf] r}tGon]
efj lgld{t u5{ clg efjn] ef]U5 / ef]Qmf x'G5 . efjn] ef]Ug] JolQmn] ;'v–b'v b'j} kfpF5 . km"n
aflx/ 5 hf] g ;'Gb/ 5 g c;'Gb/ g} 5 . ;'Gb/ eGg] efj t k'?ifsf] xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;a}
sfo{ sf/0f pTkGg ug{df k|s[lt x]t' x'G5 / k'?if ;'v b'vsf] ef]Qmfkgdf, ef]Ugdf x]t' elgG5 .
k|s[lt lgikIf 5 / pm ;'v–b'v hGdfpFb}g . k|s[ltdf ;'v–b'v k'?ifn] hGdfpF5 / k'?ifn] g} ef]U5
k|s[ltn] ef]Ub}g . ;fª\Vosf] wf/0ff oxL xf] . efj k'?ifsf] leq pl7/x]sf] x'G5 t/ k|s[lt aflx/
lgikIf x'G5, p;nfO{ Tof] efj;Fu s'g} ;/f]sf/ g} x'Fb}g . ;'v–b'v b'j} kfpgdf lhDd]jf/ k'?if g}
x'G5 . t/ of] ;'v–b'v daf6} cf/f]lkt 5 eGg] hfgsf/L k'?ifdf cfof] eg] p;df ¿kfGt/0f ;'?
x'G5 .
k'?if ha k|s[ltlt/ bf}l8G5, ta ;'v–b'v hlGdG5 / hf] ;'v–b'vdf k/]sf] 5 pm åGå /
c1fgtfdf x'G5 . xfdLdf xf]; hfu]kl5 ;'v–b'v tTsfn ;dfKt x'G5 . k|s[lt ToxLF lgikIf eP/
/xG5 / xfd|f] ;'v–b'vsf] efj leqaf6 k|s6 g} x'Fb}g . ha ;'v–b'v /lxt eP/ k'?if s]jn t6:y
x'G5, ta Tof] z'4 k'?if x'G5 . ;f/f 36gfx¿ k|s[ltdf 36\5g\ / efjgf leq 36\5 . xfdL 36gfsf
sf/0fn] geO{ efjgfsf sf/0fn] b'vL x'G5f}F . To;}n] 3l6t x'g] 36gfnfO{ xf]Og, xfd|f] efjgfnfO{
ablng'k5{ . 36gf g} kl/jt{g ug]{ k|of;:j¿k sltko ;GGof;Lx¿ 3/af/ 5f]8]/ lxF8\5g\ t/
efjgf kl/jt{g gu/];Dd hxfF efu]/ uP klg Tof] efjgf t ;Fu;Fu} g} hfG5 . ;fª\Vozf:qdf
elgPsf] 5—h'g lbg k'?if /; lng 5f]8\5 k|s[lt p;sf nflu ;dfKt x'G5 . k|s[lt kbf{af6 x6\5
lsgeg] p;sf] ca s'g} h?/t g} x'Fb}g . ;'v b'v JolQmsf] k|If]k0f xf] h'g k'?ifn] k|s[ltdf cf/f]k0f
u/]sf] 5 . k|s[ltdf 36gfx¿ 3l6/xG5g\ o;df p;sf] s'g} bf]if 5}g . of] k|s[ltdf 36\g] 36gf xfdL
gx'Fbf klg 36\Yof] / xfdL gePkl5 klg 3l6/xg] 5 / k'?if tŒjn] g} o;sf] /; lnO/xG5 .
k'?if zAb klg k|s[lt h:t} cb\e't 5 . oL b'j} ;fª\Vosf zf:qLo zAb x'g\ . k|s[ltsf] cy{
s[lteGbf klxn] / k'?ifsf] cy{ gu/sf] s]G›df a:g] xf] . ;f/f k|s[lt k'/ xf] / To;sf] lardf a:g]
k'?if xf] . ;f/f 36gf gu/df 3l6/x]sf] 5 / Tof] lardf a:g] JolQm k'?if xf];k"0f{ eof] eg] p;nfO{
k|s[ltsf] s'g} s'/fn] :kz{ ub}{g . k'?ifsf] :jefj lgbf]{if x'Fbf s'g} kfk / k'0on] p;nfO{ 5'Fb}g t/ o;
s'/fsf] xf];, h'g lbg k'?ifdf cfpF5 ta dfq af]w x'G5 . of] k|s[lt / k'?if;DaGwL b[li6nfO{
l;4fGtsf] ¿kdf xf]Og cg'ejsf] ¿kdf hfGg'k5{ .
k'?ifM k|s[lt:yf] lx e'ª\Q]m k|s[lthfGu'0ffg\ .
sf/0f+ u'0f;Ëf]˜:o ;b;Bf]lghGd;' ..@@..
x] ch{'g Û k|s[ltdf l:yt ePsf] of] k'?if k|s[ltaf6 pTkGg ePsf lqu'0ffTds ;a} kbfy{x¿nfO{
ef]U5 / ;t\ c;t\ of]lgx¿df hGd lngfsf sf/0f log} lqu'0f;Fusf] ;Ët g} xf] ..

nf]suLtf– 552
 cWofo–!#
pkb|i6fg'dGtf r etf{ ef]Qmf dx]Zj/M .
k/dfTd]lt rfKo'Qmf] b]x]˜l:dGk'?ifM k/M ..@#..
b]xdf l:yt of] cfTdf jf:tjdf k/dfTdf g} xf]≤ pm ;fIfL x'gfn] pk›i6f / oyfy{ ;Ddlt
lbg]jfnf x'gfn] cg'dGtf Pjd\ ;a}nfO{ wf/0f ug]{jfnf x'gfn] etf{, hLj¿kn] ef]Qmf, a|Xdf cflbsf] klg
:jfdL x'gfn] dx]Zj/ / z'4 ;lRrbfgGb x'gfn] k/dfTdf elgPsf] xf] ..
o Pj+ j]lQ k'?if+ k|s[lt+ r u'0f}M ;x .
;j{yf jt{dfgf]˜lk g ; e"of]˜lehfot] ..@$..
o;k|sf/ k'?if / u'0f;lxt k|s[ltnfO{ hf] dg'io tŒjk"j{s hfGb5, pm ;a} k|sf/n] st{Josd{
u/] klg km]l/ hlGdFb}g cyf{t\ k'gh{Gd x'bF }g ..
k|s[ltdf l:yt ePsf] of] k'?if k|s[ltaf6 pTkGg ePsf lqu'0ffTds ;a} kbfy{x¿nfO{
ef]Ub5 . Tof] leq /x]sf] r}tGo k'?if h;sf] jl/kl/ k|s[ltsf] lqu'0ffTds lj:tf/ 5, of] k'?if g} ;a}
l:yltx¿df k|s[lt;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 / k|s[lt s'g} klg l:yltdf k'?if;Fu ;DalGwt x'Fb}g . s'g}
hldgnfO{ JolQmn] d]/f] eG5 t/ Tof] hldg p;sf] x'g' cufl8 c¿ s;}sf] lyof] / ef]ln pm gx'Fbf
klg s;}sf] x'g] 5 . pm h:tf bfa]bf/ slt x'g] 5g\ / ;dfKt x'g] 5g\ t/ h'g hldgdf bfaf
ul/Psf] xf] Tof] ;bf 5 . JolQm g} k|s[lt;Fu ;DaGw :yflkt u5{ / tf]8\5, ;DaGw agfP/ JolQm g}
;'v / b'v kfpF5 t/ k|s[ltnfO{ p;;Fusf] ;DaGwdf s'g} ;/f]sf/ x'Fb}g . b'v–;'v klg JolQm cfkm}“
lgld{t u5{, k|s[ltdf xfdLnfO{ b'v of ;'v lbg] pT;'stf g} x'Fb}g . To;}n] b[li6 ablng] lalQs} b'v–
;'vdf kl/jt{g x'G5 . dg'iox¿ j:t'sf] ;+;f/df xf]Og efj / ljrf/sf] ;+;f/df afFRb5g\ . j:t'x¿
w]/} k/ x'Fbf ltgLx¿;Fu JolQmsf] s'g} ;DaGw x'Fb}g t/ pm cfˆgf] efjnfO{ ;]t' agfP/ km}nfP/
j:t'x¿;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 . h:tf] kltkTgL, ldq OToflb p;}n] lgld{t u/]sf] ;DaGw xf] . ;DaGw
s]jn efjdf dfq x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k|s[lt h'g rf/}lt/ 5 To;af6 pTkGg ;f/f kbfy{nfO{
JolQmn] cfˆgf] efjaf6 ef]u u5{ . oL efjx¿sf sf/0faf6 g} JolQm /fd|f]–g/fd|f] of]lgdf hGd
lnG5 . JolQmn] h:tf] efj lnG5 To:t} x'G5 . xfdL h] 5f}F, of] xfd|f] jf;gfs} kl/0ffd xf] . xfdL hlt
/ h:tf] jf;gf u5f}{“, la:tf/} ToxL jf;gfsf] of]Uo aG5f}F .
8fla{gsf cg';f/ dg'ioleq h'g h'g OlG›o 5g\, tL p;s} jf;gfsf sf/0f hlGdPsf x'g\ .
JolQmn] h] b]V5, Tof] cfFvfsf] sf/0fn] b]Vb}g p;sf] x]g]{ jf;gf h'g leq 5, To;}n] p;nfO{ cfFvf
lbG5 . s]xL kz'x¿ t k"/f z/L/af6} ;'G5g\ . rd]/f] lbgdf b]V5, /ftdf b]Vb}g / p;nfO{ ^ OGr
cufl8 g} leQfsf] cfef; x'g] x'gfn] leQfdf slxNo} 7f]lsFb}g . cUnf] 7fpFdf ePsf] vfgf vfg]
jf;gfn] ubf{ lh/fkmsf] 3fF6L olt nfdf] 5 . JolQmleq n's]sf] k'?ifsf] rfxgf cg';f/ g} OlG›on]
hGd lnG5 . t;y{ k'?ifx¿sf] rfxgfsf 5fofF OlG›ox¿ x'g\ . OlG›osf sf/0fn] xf]Og, rfxgfsf
sf/0fn] g} xfdLdf jf;gf pTkGg x'G5 . To;}n] 1fgLx¿ eG5g\– jf;gf ;dfKt ePkl5 hGdsf]
k|lqmof klg ;dfKt x'G5 cyf{t\ k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g . JolQm h'g 3/df / of]lgdf hlGdG5, Tof] p;sf]
jf;gfs} sf/0f xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] k|s[ltaf6 km}lnPsf] h'g ;+;f/ 5 o;leqsf] k'?ifn]
To;nfO{ ef]U5 / u'0fx¿sf] sf/0fn] /fd|f–g/fd|f of]lgx¿df hlGdG5 / h'g s'/f;Fu p;sf] /;
hf]l8g yfN5, ToxL of]lgdf k|j]z ug{ yfN5 . xfdLn] h] rfxG5f}F, ToxL x'G5f}F . xfdL cfˆgf] ue{ /
of]lgnfO{ hfg]/ jf ghfg]/ cfkm}F r'G5f}F . k|s[ltsf] s'g} cfu|x x'Fb}g lsgeg] k|s[lt v'Nnf lgdGq0ff
xf] . JolQm h] 5, Tof] p;sf] dfusf] g} kl/0ffd xf] t/ p;nfO{ cfˆgf] dfusf] kl/0ffd d x'F eGg]
;Demgf x'Fb}g . To;}n] JolQm cfˆgf] x'g'df k/dfTdf;Fu ;b}j u'gf;f] ub{5 .

nf]suLtf– 553
cWofo–!#
jf:tjdf of] k'?if of] z/L/df l:yt eP/ klg k[ys\ g} x'G5 . of] k'?ifsf w]/} l:yltx¿ 5g\
lsgeg] k'?if t z/L/eGbf leGg 5 t/ ha p;n] leGg dfGb5, ta dfq leGg x'G5 . k'?if z/L/df
/x]/ klg leGg x'G5 lsgeg] of] p;sf] :jefj xf] t/ k'?ifn] rfx]df d z/L/ x'F eg]/ dfGg klg
;S5 . k'?ifn] h] dfGof] ToxL 3l6t x'G5 . dfGg' ;To x'G5 of] k'?ifsf] leqL Ifdtf xf] . jf:tjdf
Tof] k'?if of] b]xdf l:yt eP/ klg k/ g} x'G5 t/ ;fIfL ePdf pk›i6f / ;Ddlt lbg]jfnf ePdf
cg'dGtf x'G5 . cfkm" ;fIfL eP/ leq x]g{' pk›i6f xf] . k'?if;Fu ;Ddlt dfUof] eg] Tof] p;sf nflu
cg'dGtf xf] t/ JolQm slxn] klg zfGt / df}g eP/ leqsf] k'?if;Fu ;'emfj dfUb}g a? jf;gf /
OlG›ox¿sf] ;'emfj dfg]/ g} lxF8\5 / kl/l:yltdf cfpg] 36gfsf k|ltlqmofn] rNb5 . To;}n] s;}n]
ufnL ug]{lalQs} pm cfˆgf] dflns geO{sg tTsfn k|ltsf/ ug{ plqG5 . JolQm PsIf0f klv{P/
;fIfL eO{ ljgf kl/l:yltsf], ljgf OlG›osf] ;Nnfx cfˆgf] leqsf] ;Nnfx lnof] eg] Tof] ;fIfL
cg'dGtf x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;a}nfO{ wf/0f ug]{jfnf x'gfn] etf{, hLj ¿kaf6 ef]Qmf, a|Xdflbsf] klg
:jfdL x'gfn] dx]Zj/ / z'4 ;lRrbfgGb3g x'gfn] k/dfTdf elgPsf] 5 . leqsf] k'?if w]/} ¿kdf
k|s6 x'G5 . olb JolQm z/L/;Fu hf]l8of] eg] z/L/ g} k|tLt x'G5 / pm ;+;f/ x'G5 . o;nfO{ Wofgn]
z/L/af6 5'6fP/ ;fIfL eof] eg] Tof] ;dflw aG5 . o;sf] ;Nnfx dfUbf :jod\ u'? x'G5 / cem leq
uxgtd laGb'df k|j]z u/]df JolQm ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdf k/da|Xd g} x'G5 . of] k'?if g} JolQmsf]
;'v–b'v, zflGt–czflGt, :ju{–gs{ / df]If–lgjf{0f xf] . 36gfx¿ aflx/ 36\5g\ / efjgf leq x'G5 /
Tof] efjgfsf] clGtd ;|f]t k/da|Xd xf] . ;lRrbfgGb3g¿k klg xfdL xf}“ / Tof] xfdL leqsf] k'?if
xf] . To;}n] ;gftgL lrGtgdf k|To]s JolQmnfO{ k/dfTdf elgPsf] xf] . k/d]Zj/ xfdLleq l:yt 5 /
xfdLn] rfx]df clxn] g} hfgsf/L kfpg ;S5f}F t/ xfd|f] leqsf] jf;gfsf] 3/ Wj:t x'G5 eGg] qf;n]
p;sf af/]df xfdL hfGg g} rfxFb}gf}“ . xfdL ;+;f/ dfU5f}F≤ To;}n] …k/dfTdf hf] xfdL leq n's]/
a;]sf] 5Ú nfO{ kfpg ;Sb}gf}F . o;k|sf/ k'?if / u'0f;lxt k|s[ltnfO{ h'g dg'io tŒjn] hfGb5, pm
;a} k|sf/n] st{Jo sd{ ub}{ k'gh{Gddf k|fKt x'Fb}g .
h'g dg'ionfO{ k|s[lt / d k[ys\ x'F eGg] ljgf r]i6f :d/0f /xG5 To:tf] JolQmn] ;a} st{Jo
sd{ ubf{ klg p;sf] leqsf] kljqtf gi6 x'Fb}g . of] k'?if / k|s[ltsf] k[ystfsf af/]df 1fg ePg
eg] dlGb/df a;] klg kljqtf x'Fb}g . k[ystfsf] 1fg x'g] JolQmnfO{ hLjg gf6s h:tf] x'G5 hxfF
s'g} jf;gf x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] JolQmsf] jf;gf g} gx'gfn] p;sf] k'gh{Gd x'Fb}g . of]
k[ystfsf] 1fgn] JolQm :jtGq / aGwgd'Qm x'G5 . cfkm"nfO{ leqaf6 gafFWg] ToxL Ps tŒjsf] vf]h
cWofTd xf] . ToxL :jtGqtfsf] gfd k'?if xf] . ;f/f cfWoflTds ofqfsf] Pp6} nIo cfkm"leq Tof]
tŒjsf] vf]h ug{' xf] . ;+;f/sf] s'g} ;Ldfn] h;nfO{ afFWb}g, h;sf] :jtGq / d'Qm x'g' :jefj x'G5
ToxL cfWofTd xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– leqsf] k'?ifsf] ha af]w x'G5, ta h'g;'s} k|sf/n] st{Jo sd{ ubf{ ub}{
klg pm k'gh{Gdsf] aGwgaf6 kf/ x'G5 . a'4 / dxfjL/sf] hLjgdf Pp6f ;ª\ult 5≤ To;}n]
pxfFx¿nfO{ a'‰g ;/n 5 t/ s[i0fsf] hLjg hl6n / c;ª\ut 5 . s[i0fnfO{ a'‰g klg c;ª\ut g}
x'g'k5{ lsgeg] s[i0fsf] hLjg a'‰g sl7g 5 . To;}n] s[i0fsf] b[li6 / df}lns ;f]Rg] cfwf/ leGg 5
lsgeg] k|s[lt cnu / d cnu eg]/ hfGg] JolQmnfO{ h:tf] sd{ u/] klg aGwg x'Fb}g / s'g} hGd /
d[To' klg x'Fb}g . s[i0f If0fhLaL x'g'x'G5, If0fIf0fdf afFRg'x'G5 . kl/l:ylt cg';f/ h'g If0f h'g
cfZjf;gsf] cfjZostf x'G5, ToxL cfZjf;g lbg'x'G5 . pxfFsf nflu of] ;a} clego dfq xf] .
s[i0fsf nflu hLjg nLnf xf] hxfF cfZjf;gsf] s'g} d"No 5}g . s[i0fsf nflu ;a} ;ª\ultx¿ Ifl0fs

nf]suLtf– 554
 cWofo–!#
5g\ ToxfF s'g} k|lta4tf 5}g . h'g If0fdf h] ;xh 5, pxfF ToxL ug{'x'G5 . pxfF gbLsf] wf/ h:tf]
x'g'x'G5 hxfF s'g} aGwg 5}g . of] s'/f xfdL ha;Dd a'‰g ;Sb}gf,}“ ta;Dd s[i0fsf] hLjg klg a'‰g
;Sb}gf}“ . s[i0fnfO{ k'?if tŒjsf] k"/f af]w 5 To;}n] pxfFnfO{ s'g} sd{n] afFWg ;Sb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k|s[lt / k'?if cnu x'g\ eg]/ hfGg]lalQs} JolQmn] h:tf] k|sf/sf] sd{ u/]
klg pm hGd / d[To'af6 kf/ x'G5 . o:tf] JolQmsf] sd{df cfr/0f / cgfr/0fsf] klg k|Zg x'Fb}g .
cfr/0f / cgfr/0f klg ta;Dd x'G5 ha;Dd hLjg ;To nfU5 . a'4 / dxfjL/n] klg cfkm" k'?if
ePsf] af]w ePkl5 klg cfˆgf] dfu{df /x]/ dfq cfr/0f ug{'eof] . of] pxfFx¿sf] :jefj /
;a}k|ltsf] s?0ff efjn] ubf{ xf] . rfxgfn] g} jf;gf hlGdG5 . h'g a]nf rfxgf g} ;dfKt x'G5,
To; a]nf h'g;'s} k|sf/sf] sd{ u/] klg kfk, k'0o x'Fb}g t/ klZrdsf gLltzf:qLx¿ hf] 6]g
sdfG8d]G6;\ (Ten Commandments) cyf{t\ …rf]/L gu/Ú, …dftf–lktfnfO{ eujfg\sf] ¿kdf dfgÚ,
…l5d]sLnfO{ cfkm" h:tf] Jojxf/ u/Ú OToflbnfO{ dfGb5g\, pgLx¿ s[i0fsf] of] egfO g}lts xf]Og
eGg] ;f]Rb5g\ . t/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb ltdL k|s[lteGbf leGg ePsf] hfGof} eg] h] ub}{ 5f} / h]
ug]{ 5f}, To;af6 ltd|f] d'lQmsf nflu s'g} km/s kg]{ 5}g . O;fO{, d';ndfg uLtfdf s[i0fsf jrgsf]
7'nf] lj/f]w u5{g\ . uLtfsf] hLjGttf b]v]/ clxn] klg w]/} d'n's 8/fpF5g\ . To;}n] 6sL{ h:tf]
dn'sdf uLtfdfly k|ltaGw nufOPsf] lyof] . uLtf k|rfl/t eof] eg] dflg;x¿ cg}lts x'G5g\ eGg]
s]xL d'n;dfgx¿sf] 8/ 5 . pgLx¿ k|s[lt / k'?if leGg ePsf] klg hfGb}gg\ . To;}n] h;n] of]
leGgtf hfGb5 p;n] cg}lts sd{ ug}{ ;Sb}g .
k|s[lt / k'?ifsf] km/skg :ki6 eof] eg] h] u/] klg kfk–k'0o x'Fb}g / To;kZrft\ hGd–d[To'
klg x'Fb}g . of] uLtfsf] ;"q cToGt pRr / g}lts 5 . o;df k|s[lt / k'?if cnu ePsf] af]w x'g
h?/L 5 . cfkm" k'?if tŒj ePsf] hfgsf/Ln] cg'lrt / cg}lts ljrf/ cfpg klg ;Sb}g / k|s[lt /
k'?ifsf] :ki6 af]w ePsf] JolQmnfO{ gLltsf] s'g} af]em / afwf klg x'Fb}g . of] ;"q gsf/fTds
;f]rsf JolQmsf nflu xf]Og . a'4 / dxfjL/x¿sf] lzIff g}lts 5 / w]/} ;fwf/0f JolQmnfO{ Wofgdf
/fv]/ lbOPsf] 5 eg] s[i0fsf] lzIff wfld{s 5 / of] w]/} c;fwf/0f JolQmx¿nfO{ b[li6ut u/]/
lbOPsf] 5 . s[i0fsf] lzIff a'4 / dxfjL/sf] lzIffeGbf w]/} pRr 5 . rf]/L ug{' ta unt / g/fd|f]
x'G5, ha wgdf s;}sf] ks8 ;To x'G5 . olb wgdf s'g} d"No 5}g eg] rf]/Ldf slt d"No x'G5 / Û
hlt d"No wgdf x'G5, Tolt g} d"No rf]/Ldf x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f a8f] dflyNnf] :yfgaf6 af]Nb} x'g'x'G5 . dxfjL/nfO{ dfGg] ;fw'x¿ klg wg df6f] xf]
eG5g\ / km]l/ rf]/L kfk xf] klg eG5g\ . dxfjL/ Psflt/ lx+;f kfk xf] eGg'x'G5 csf]{tkm{ cfTdf
cd/ 5 o;nfO{ sf6\g ;lsFb}g eGg'x'G5 . oL b'j} s'/fdf lj/f]w 5 . olb cfTdfnfO{ dfg{ ;lsGg /
z/L/ d/]sf] 5 eg] lx+;f s;/L x'g ;S5 . of] kfk klg s;/L x'g ;S5 / xfdL s;}nfO{ dfg{
;Sb}gf}F eg] arfpg klg s;/L ;S5f}F . clg clx+;fsf] slt g} d"No /xG5 < olb lx+;fsf] s'g} d"No
5}g eg] clx+;fsf] klg s'g} d"No x'Fb}g t/ dxfjL/n] oL ;a} s'/f xfdL h:tf dg'ionfO{ x]/]/
eGg'ePsf] xf] . cfTdfnfO{ g} z/L/ 7fGg] xfd|f] c1fgnfO{ tf]8\g] r]i6fdf pxfFn] oL s'/fx¿ eGg'ePsf]
xf] .
t/ s[i0fsf] ;Gb]z clGtd / cfTolGts xf] . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL c¿nfO{
sf6\g, dfg{ ;S5' eGg] d"v{tfsf] s'/f gu/ lsgeg] s;}n] s;}nfO{ klg sf6\g / dfg{ ;Sb}g . ltdL
h;nfO{ dflb{gF eG5f,} p;nfO{ t ltdL dfg{ g} ;Sb}gf}F lsgeg] p;leq /x]sf] cfTdf g df/]/ d5{, g
sf6]/ sfl6G5, g cfuf]n] hN5 g kfgLn] g} 8'afpg ;S5 . To;}n] ltdL s;}nfO{ sf6\g, dfg{ ;S5'
eGg] e|flGt 5f]l8b]pm . ltdL lx+;|s x'g ;Sb}gf} / olb lx+;|s x'g ;Sb}gf} eg] clx+;|s klg x'g

nf]suLtf– 555
cWofo–!#
;Sb}gf}F . of] s[i0fsf] k/d pkb]z xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– lx+;f clx+;f t s]jn e|flGt xf] . t;y{ x]
ch{'g Û ltdL a]lkmqmL lglZrGt eP/ sf6 lsgeg] sf]xL klg ltdLn] sf6\b}df sfl6Fb}g . ltdL s]jn
k|s[lt leGg xf] eGg] hfg]/ k'?ifdf k|ltli7t eP dfq k'U5 . ltd|f] cfr/0fsf] s]xL d"No 5}g . ltd|f]
cfTdfsf] dfq d"No x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fn] o; hut\\df hlt klg >]i7 s'/f eGg ;lsG5, TfL ;a} eGg'ePsf] 5 / pxfFn] s'g}
;Demf}tf gu/L ;To h:tf] 5 To:t} eGg'ePsf] 5 . >Ls[i0f k'gM eGg'x'G5– dfg]{ 36gf t 36\g}
;Sb}g . To;}n] ha dfg{ ;Sb}gf} eg] dfg]{ ljrf/ klg gu/ / arfpg ;Sg] t emg\ s'/} ePg . ltdL
efjgfdf dfq c¿nfO{ rf]6 k'¥ofpg / dfg{ ;S5f} lsgeg] r}tGonfO{ t ltdL 5'g klg ;Sb}gf} .
ltdLn] dfg]{ efjgf dfq u/]/ c¿nfO{ rf]6 k'¥ofpg ;S5f} . To;}n] ltdL s]jn b'v glbg] efjgf
dfq ug{ ;S5f} . lx+;f / clx+;f b'j} x'g} ;Sb}g . s]jn efjgfaf6 of] ljrf/ pTkGg x'g ;S5 . To;}n]
stf{efjnfO{ g} 5f]l8b]pm, ta ltdLaf6 g lx+;f x'G5 g t clx+;f g} x'G5 . h] eO/x]sf] 5 To;nfO{
x'g b]pm / ltdL s]jn cfˆgf] x'g'nfO{ dfq :jLsf/ u/]/ lgldQ ag .
sd{sf ;a} rfxgf jf;gfaf6 pTkGg x'G5g\ . k/d 1fg ePkl5 h] u/] klg s'g} aGwg
x'Fb}g . k|s[lt / k'?ifsf] k[ystfnfO{ hfg]/ JolQm ha k'?ifdf l:yt x'G5, ta p;sf] sd{ klg
jf;gfd'Qm x'G5 . df]If s'g} :yfg / eljio xf]Og, of] xfd|f] :jefj xf] . >Ls[i0f eGb} x'g'x'G5– ;a}
36gf k|s[ltdf 36\5g\, sd{ klg k|s[ltd} x'G5 / k|s[lt g} ;lqmo 5 . k'?if lgliqmo eP sd{ g}
x'Fb}g . ha k'¿if g s]xL u5{ g t s]xL ef]U5 p s]jn x'G5 . o:tf] af]w ePdf ToxfF s'g} ;+;f/ /
aGwg geP/ z'4 k'¿if dfq z]if /xG5 .
Wofg]gfTdlg kZolGt s]lrbfTdfgdfTdgf .
cGo] ;fª\Vo]g of]u]g sd{of]u]g rfk/] ..@%..
x] ch{'g Û Tof] k/dk'?if k/dfTdfnfO{ sltko dg'iox¿ t z'4 ePsf] ;"Id a'l4n] Wofgaf6
Åbodf b]V5g\, cGo slt 1fgof]uaf6 b]V5g\ eg], cGo slt sd{of]uaf6 b]V5g\ / k|fKt ub{5g\ ..
cGo] Tj]jdhfgGtM >'TjfGo]Eo pkf;t] .
t]˜lk rfltt/GTo]j d'To'+ >'ltk/fo0ffM ..@^..
t/ logLx¿af6 leGg bf];|f]y/L dGba'l4 ePsf hf] k'?if 5g\, pgLx¿ :jod\ o;k|sf/ ghfg]/
c¿af6 tŒjk"j{s hfGg] k'?ifx¿af6 ;'g]/ g} To;cg';f/ pkf;gf ub{5g\ / tL ;'Ggdf k/fo0f ePsf
k'?if klg d[To'¿k ;+;f/;fu/af6 lgM;Gb]x tb{5g\ ..
ofjT;~hfot] lsl~rT;Œj+ :yfj/hËdd\ .
If]qIf]q1;+of]ufQlål4 e/tif{e ..@&..
x] ch{'g Û ofjt\ hlt klg :yfj/ hª\ud j:t' pTkGg x'G5g\ TfL ;Dk"0f{nfO{ ltdL If]q /
If]q1sf] ;+of]uaf6 pTkGg ePsf] hfg ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] k/dk'?ifsf] l:yltnfO{ x]g]{ w]/} åf/x¿ 5g\ . s]xL JolQmx¿ z'4 ePsf]
;"Id a'l4n] Wofgåf/f Åbodf b]Vb5g\ . a'l4nfO{ z'4 / ;"Id ug]{ k|lqmofx¿ 5g\ . a'l4 ;fwf/0f /
:y"n x'gfsf sf/0f :y"n ljifox¿df afFlwPsf] x'G5 . %) b]lv () k|ltzt a'l4sf] ;f]r
sfdjf;gfdf x'G5 eg]/ dg;\ljb\x¿ eG5g\ . sfdjf;gfsf] ;f]r sd ePdf cGo jf;gf 3/, wg,
sf/ cflbsf ;DaGwdf a'l4n] ;f]R5 . oL ;f]rx¿df a'l4 klg z/L/ h:t} :y"n x'G5 . h] xfdL
;f]R5f}“, a'l4n] To;s} ¿k u|x0f u5{ . rf]/sf] a'l4 rf]/, nf]eLsf] a'l4 nf]eL / Hofgdf/fsf] a'l4
Hofgdf/f g} x'G5 . pm h] lrGtg / dgg ul//x]sf] x'G5, Tof] la:tf/} p;sf] a'l4sf] ¿k x'G5 .
a'l4nfO{ :y"n kbfy{af6 d'Qm u/]/ ;"Id ljifodf k|jflxt ug{' g} a'l4nfO{ ;"Id ug{' xf] . h:tf] ;"o{
:y"n xf] t/ cfFvf lrlDnP/ ;"o{sf] ljDanfO{ Wofg ug{' ;"Idsf] Wofg ug{' xf] . ljDadf Wofg ubf{ub}{

nf]suLtf– 556
 cWofo–!#
la:tf/} s]xL ;dokZrft\ ljDa klg x/fpF5 / x/]s lbg ToxL ljDa Wofgdf pkl:yt x'G5 . :y"nsf]
Wofg ug]{ afgLn] ;'?df ljDa wldnf] b]lvG5 t/ Wofgsf] ;"Idtf a9]kl5 ljDa emg\ k|uf9 / t]h:jL
b]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf a'l4 ;"Id ePsf] xf] eg]/ hfGg ;lsG5 .
7'nf] cfjfh ;'Gbf ;'Gbf JolQmsf] a'l4 :y"n ePsf] x'G5 . sfg aGb u/]/ leqsf] ;"Id
cfjfhdf Wofg nufP/ ;'Gg yfNof}F eg] la:tf/} leqsf] cfjfh / Wjlg k|s6 x'g yfN5 . :y"n
cfjfh 5f]8]/ ;"Id cfjfh ;'Gg yfn]kl5 aflx/sf] cfjfh aGb eP/ leqsf] ;"Id cfjfh ;'lgg
yfN5 / JolQmsf] a'l4 klg ;"Id x'g yfN5 . oxL ;"Id cfjfh ;'Gg lg/Gt/ r]i6f u/] cGtdf leqsf]
;"Idtd cfjfh çsf/sf] Wjlg ;'lgg yfN5 . oxL leqsf] ;"Id gfb ;'lgg' g} JolQmsf] ;"Id / z'4
a'l4 kmlnt ePsf] k|df0f xf] . ha;Dd a'l4 ;"Id x'Fb}g, ta;Dd JolQm tyfslyt kl08t x'g ;S5,
t/ p;df a'l4dQfsf] ljsf; ePsf] x'Fb}g . ;"Id a'l4af6 dfq a'l4dQf pknAw x'G5 . o:tf
kl08teGbf gk9]sf JolQmdf a'l4dQf x'g ;S5 . To;}n] saL/ h:tf] cgk9 JolQm klg k/d 1fgdf
pknAw eP/ kf/ x'g ;Sg'eof] . k/d 1fg JolQmsf] ;"Id1fg ;dfTg] Ifdtf / ;"Id b[li6df lge{/
u5{ . aflx/sf] ;a} ;+;f/ :y"n / leqsf] ;a} ;"Id x'G5 . leqsf] ;+;f/nfO{ cg'ej ug{ ;"Idtf /
z'4tf cfjZostf x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] k/d k/dfTdfnfO{ sltko dg'iox¿ z'4 a'l4 ePsf] ;"Id a'l4n]
Wofgåf/f Åbodf b]Vb5g\ . JolQm;Fu z'4 a'l4 eP Tof] Åbolt/ df]l8G5 / Tof] Åbosf] dlGb/df
k/dfTdf;Fu ;fIffTsf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . sltko JolQmx¿ To;nfO{ 1fgof]uaf6 hfGb5g\ egL >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5 . Åbotkm{ ;"Id a'l4nfO{ nufpg' elQmof]u xf] . Åbo elQmsf] / k|]dsf] s]G› xf] . ha
JolQm ;"Id a'l4nfO{ k|]d / elQmsf] s]G› Åbodf nufpF5, ta dL/f, r}tGo h:tf JolQmsf] hGd
x'G5 . ToxL z'4 a'l4nfO{ Åbodf gnufP/ ;x;|fwf/lt/ nufPdf k/dfTdfsf] bz{g x'G5 / ToxL
1fgof]u xf] . To:t} slt JolQmx¿ lgisfd sd{of]uåf/f hfGb5g\ eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . sltko
JolQmx¿ z'4 ePsf] ;"Id a'l4nfO{ cfˆgf] sd{wf/flt/ nufP/ cfˆgf] sd{df Tof] ;"Id a'l4nfO{
;dflji6 ub{5g\ pgLx¿ stf{ geO{ s]jn sd{ ug]{ lgldQ dfq x'G5g\ .
k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg] oL tLg dfu{x¿ 5g\– elQmof]u jf k|]dsf] dfu{, 1fgof]usf] dfu{ /
sd{of]usf] dfu{ . oL tLg} dfu{sf nflu a'l4 Pp6} pks/0f xf] . ToxL pks/0f Åbolt/ aUbf eQm
hlGdG5, h:tf] dL/f / r}tGo, ;x;|fwf/lt/ aufpFbf 1fgL hlGdG5 h:tf] a'4, dxfjL/ / cflb
zª\s/frfo{ / sd{sf] wf/flt/ aufpFbf qmfO:6 h:tf sd{of]uL hlGdG5g\ . To;}n] O;fO{x¿sf] k"/f
wf/f sd{lt/ nfUof] / ;]jf g} wd{ aGof] . O;fO{ ld;g/L h:tf ;]jf ug]{ ;d'bfo la/n} e]l6G5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sf]xL lgisfd sd{of]uåf/f k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGb5g\ . lgisfd sd{of]uaf6 k/dfTdf
;a}lt/ b]lvG5 cyf{t\ h;sf] klg ;]jf ul/G5 k/dfTdf ToxLF b]lvG5 lsgeg] z'4 ePsf] ;"Id a'l4
tŒj ;]jfdf nfu]sf] x'G5 . z'4 ePsf] a'l4nfO{ hxfF nufof] ToxL k/dfTdf b]lvG5 / cz'4 ePsf]
a'l4 hxfF nufP klg kbfy{ dfq b]lvG5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– t/ c¿ JolQmx¿ cyf{t\ hf] ;fdfGo a'l4 ePsf k'?if 5g\ pgLx¿ :jod\
o;k|sf/ ghfg]/ c¿af6 tŒjk"j{s hfGg] k'?ifx¿;Fu ;'g]/ g} pkf;gf u5{g\ . pgLx¿ ;'Ggdf
k/fo0f eP/ klg d[To'¿kL ;+;f/nfO{ lgM;Gb]x tb{5g\ . elQmsf], 1fgsf] / sd{sf] dfu{ k|v/ ofqf
xf] . oL dfu{af6 hLjGt k'?if dfq ofqf ug{ ;S5g\ lsgeg] pgLx¿df k/dfTdf hfGg] k|uf9tf,
k|v/tf, Tj/f, tLj|tf, a]r}gL / ceLK;f x'G5 . oL ;a} dfu{af6 ofqf ug{ ;Ifd gx'g] JolQmx¿nfO{
>Ls[i0f cGo dfu{sf af/]df klg eGg'x'G5 . ghfg]sf JolQmx¿ klg To:tf] JolQm h;n] tŒjk"j{s

nf]suLtf– 557
cWofo–!#
k/dfTdfnfO{ hfg]sf 5g\, pgLx¿af6 ;'g]/ pkf;gf ub{5g\ / ;'Ggdf k/fo0f x'G5g\ eg] o:tf
;'Ggdf k/fo0f ePsf JolQmx¿ klg lgM;Gb]x d[To'¿kL ;fu/ tg]{ 5g\ .
xfdLx¿ h:tf clwsf+z JolQmx¿ of] rf}yf] sf]6Ldf kb{5f}“ . h'g JolQmx¿ tLg dfu{df hfg
;Sb}gg\ / hfg] ceLK;f klg /fVb}gg\ pgLx¿ klg h;n] cfˆgf] cg'ejaf6 k/dfTdfnfO{ hfg]sf] 5
To:tf] JolQmsf] s'/f >j0f u/L To;df k/fo0f / nLg ePdf pgLx¿df pkf;gfsf] hGd x'g] 5 .
To;af6 pgLx¿ h:tf JolQm klg d[To'¿kL ;fu/nfO{ tg{ ;Sg] 5g\ / cd[t k|fKt ug]{ 5g\ . o:tf
JolQmx¿sf nflu zf:q xf]Og u'? pkof]uL x'G5 . :jcg'ejaf6 hfg]sf] JolQmaf6 ;f]em} ;'g]df
zf:qsf] cy{ klg v'N5 . zf:q w]/} cl3 n]lvPsf] x'Fbf ltgdf klxnf h:tf] tfhfkg x'Fb}g . To;}n]
o:tf] JolQm sxfF hfg'k5{, h;df tŒjsf] clUg aln/x]sf] xf];\, p;sf] cfˆgf] cg'ej lhpFbf] xf];\ /
h;n] ;TonfO{ hfg]/ To;df afFr]sf] xf];\ To:tf] JolQm;dIf a;]/ ;'Gbf pkf;gf kmlnt x'G5 . u'?
glhs a:g' pkf;gf xf] / u'? glhs a;]/ ;'Gg' pklgifb\ xf] .
u'?sf glhs a:g kfqtf rflxG5 To;sf nflu cxª\sf/z"Go x'g'k5{ . cxª\sf/ g} u'?;Fu
b"/Lsf] k|d'v sf/0f xf] . To;}n] cxª\sf/ TofuL kfqtf /fv]/ lzio u'?;dIf hfg'k5{, u'? lziosxfF
cfpFb}gg\ . gbLdf em's]/ efF8f] e/]df dfq kfgL el/G5 . u'?sf] ;fdLKo x'g' snf xf] / ljgd|tf /
lg/xª\sf/ efj l;Sg] tof/L Pjd\ pT;'stf xf] . u'?nfO{ ;'Gg] dfq xf]Og df}g / zfGt eP/
cljrlnt / ;f]rz"Go eP/ w}o{sf ;fy ;'Gg'k5{ . 1fg tTsfn k|fKt x'Fb}g o;sf nflu w}o{k"j{s
l;Sg'k5{ rfx] o;df a;f}{+ latf];\ . o:tf] cj:yfdf pkf;gf 3l6t x'G5, ta u'?n] lzionfO{ ;a}
1fg kf]lvlbG5 . o; dfu{df pkf;gf ug]{ ljlw l;Sg'k5{ . df}g / zfGt eP/ k|tLIff Pjd\ w}o{ ug{
l;Sg'k5{ / hLljt ;b\u'?sf] vf]h ug{'k5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o:tf] ;'Gg k/fo0f ePsf JolQmn] klg
d[To'¿kL ;+;f/ ;fu/nfO{ lgM;Gb]x kf/ ug]{ 5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ofjt\ :yfj/ hËd j:t' pTkGg x'G5g\ TfL ;Dk"0f{nfO{ ltdL If]q
/ If]q1sf ;+of]uaf6 pTkGg ePsf] hfg . ;a} ljrf/sf k5fl8 s[i0f If]q / If]q1 Tof] hfGg]jfnf /
h] hflgG5 egL af/Daf/ bf]x¥ofpg'x'G5 . h] klg hlGdG5, aG5, d]l6G5 Tof] ;a} If]q xf] . Tof] h'g
g aG5, g ;dfKt x'G5, g hlGdG5 hf] s]jn bz{g dfqsf] Ifdtf xf] / hf] 1fg, af]w, z'4 r]tgf /
s]jn z'4 lrQ xf] ToxL k'?if xf] . pxL If]q1 xf] / pxL g} k/d d'lQm xf] . >Ls[i0f ha ToxL s'/f
bf]xf]¥ofpg'x'G5, ta k|of]hg leGg x'G5 lsgeg] olt ;'g]/ ch{'g leGg ePsf 5g\ . h'g If]q /
If]q1sf s'/f pxfFn] ;'?df ch{'gnfO{ eGg'ePsf] lyof], ToxL s'/f cGo w]/} s'/f ;DemfPkl5 k'gM eGb}
x'g'x'G5 . o;lardf ch{'gsf] a'l4sf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 / pgsf] k|1f z'4 ePsf] 5, oxL zAbn]
pgnfO{ cs}{ cy{ lbPsf] 5 . ;fy} h] s'/f dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 To;nfO{ >Ls[i0f af/Daf/ hf]8 k'¥ofpg]
lx;fan] eGg'x'G5, h'g xfd|f] dgn] klg ;'Gg / a'‰g ;S5 . To;}n] s[i0f k6s k6s ToxL s'/f
bf]x¥ofpFb} x'g'x'G5 . hLjgsf] ;To t Pp6} x'G5 t/ To;nfO{ eGg] a'emfpg] 9Ë km/s x'G5 . o;}
sf/0f >Ls[i0f xfdLn] a'‰g ;sf}F eg]/ To;nfO{ af/Daf/ ljleGg zAbdf eGg'x'G5 . xfd|f] d"R5f{
6'6fP/ hfu[t cj:yfdf æd hfGg]jfnf x'FÆ / æh] klg d hflg/x]sf] 5' Tof] d xf]OgÆ eGg] af]w
u/fpg] k|of; ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .
of] 36gf 36\g ;s]df uLtfsf] p2]Zo k"/f x'G5 . oxL k|of]hgsf nflu of] ;lj:tf/ s[i0fn]
ch{'gnfO{ a'emfpg] cfof]hgf ug{'ePsf] xf] . uLtfdf Pp6} ;TonfO{ s[i0fn] w]/} 9Ën] eGg'ePsf] 5 .
o:tf] d"Nojfg\ ;To ;f]em} eg]df xfdL ;'Gb} ;'Gb}gf}F / To;sf] d"No klg yfxf x'Fb}g . s[i0f ch{'gnfO{
of] k/d ;To a'emfpg rfxg'x'G5 . To;}n] ;a} s'/f ;DemfP/ k'gM d"n s'/fdf kmls{g'x'G5 / km]l/
ToxL s'/f bf]xf]¥ofpg'x'G5 . o; ;Gbe{df >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ToxL eGb} x'g'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û h] klg

nf]suLtf– 558
 cWofo–!#
:yfj/ hËd j:t' pTkGg x'G5g\, tL ;a}nfO{ ltdL If]q / If]q1sf] ;+of]uaf6 pTkGg ePsf] hfg .
Tof] h'g leq If]q1 a;]sf] 5 / aflx/ If]q km}lnPsf] 5, TfL b'j}sf] ;+of]un] g} ;f/f dgsf] hut\\
pTkGg x'G5 . ;f/f b'v–;'v, k|Llt–ck|Llt, ;f}Gbo{–s'¿ktf, /fd|f]–g/fd|f], ;kmntf–c;kmntf, oz–
ckoz oL ;a} of] b'O{sf] hf]8 xf] / oL ;a}df k'?if g} cfˆgf] efjgfn] hf]l8G5 t/ k|s[lt;Fu s'g}
efjgf x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL cfˆgf] efjgfnfO{ lvr clg Tof] hf]8 cfkm}F 5'6]/ 6'lqmg] 5 .
ltdLn] efjgf aGb u/]df ltd|f] k/d d'lQm x'g] 5 .
;d+ ;j]{if' e"t]if' lti7Gt+ k/d]Zj/d\ .
ljgZoT:jljgZoGt+ oM kZolt ; kZolt ..@*..
x] ch{'g Û o;k|sf/ hfg]/ hf] k'?if gi6 x'g] ;a} r/fr/ e"tx¿df gfz/lxt k/d]Zj/nfO{
;defjaf6 l:yt b]V5 p;}n] g} oyfy{nfO{ b]Vb5 ..
;d+ kZolGx ;j{q ;djl:ytdLZj/d\ .
g lxg:TofTdgfTdfg+ ttf] oflt k/f+ ultd\ ..@(..
h'g k'?if ;a}df ;defjn] l:yt ePsf] k/d]Zj/nfO{ ;dfg b]Vb} cfkm"åf/f cfkm}nF fO{ gi6 ub}{g,
o;af6 pm k/d ultdf k|fKt x'G5 ..
k|s[To}j r sdf{l0f lqmodf0fflg ;j{zM .
oM kZolt tyfTdfgdstf{/+ ; kZolt ..#)..
h'g k'?if ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿ ;a} k|sf/n] k|s[ltaf6 u/]sf] / ePsf] b]V5 tyf cfTdfnfO{ cstf{
b]V5 pxL b]Vb5 ..
obf e"tk[yUefjd]s:yg'kZolt .
tt Pj r lj:tf/+ a|Xd ;DkBt] tbf ..#!..
h'g If0f of] k'?if k|f0fLnfO{ k[ys\–k[ys\ efjsf] Ps k/dfTdfdf l:yt tyf Tof] k/dfTdfaf6 g}
;Dk"0f{ e"tsf] lj:tf/ b]V5 To; sfndf ;lRrbfgGb3g a|XdnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 ..
>Ls[i0f oL Znf]sx¿df bz{g / b[li6 ePsf] cfFvfaf6 c;nL s'/f s;n] b]V5 To;sf] JofVof
ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . h'g k'?if gi6 x'g] of] ;a} r/fr/ k|f0fLx¿df gfz/lxt k/d]Zj/nfO{ ;defjaf6 l:yt
b]V5 pxL JolQmn] b]Vg ;S5 / p;}n] b]Vb5 . of] hut\\ k|ltIf0f gfz / kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
hut\\ nx/ h:tf] If0feª\u'/ ePsf] s'/f ;a} JolQmn] b]Vg ;S5g\ . o;sf nflu ljz]if cfFvfsf]
cfjZostf x'Fb}g t/ h'g JolQm oL If0feª\u'/ j:t'x¿ dfly hf]8;Fu klqmP/ cfˆgf] cflwkTo
hdfpg vf]H5 p;n] of] kl/jt{g b]Vg ;Sb}g . oxfF s'g} s'/f l:y/ 5}g / ;a} s'/f k|jfx h:tf]
alu/x]sf] 5 . oxfF s'g} s'/f klg JolQmsf] k|of;n] l:y/ x'g ;Sb}g . ;'Gb/ JolQm ;'Gb/ g} alg/xg],
kbdf ePsf] JolQm kbdf g} al;/xg] / wgL JolQm wgL g} alg/xg] k|of; u5{ . hLjg kl/jt{gzLn
5 t/ xfdL To;nfO{ l:y/ agfpg] k|of; u5f}{+ / of] kl/jt{gzLn k|jfxdf v'§f c8\ofpg] e"ld
vf]H5f}“ . If0feª\u'/sf] ;Totf ghfGgfn] JolQm cfˆgf] ;'/Iffsf] vf]h ug]{ r]i6f ul/ g} /xG5 h'g
;Dej 5}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] If0feª\u'/leq zfZjtnfO{ b]Vg ;S5 pxL JolQmn] b]V5, t/ w]/}h;f]
JolQmnfO{ of] If0feª\u'/ hut\\ gb]lvgfn] pgLx¿ cfˆg} dgsf] zfZjt hut\ lgdf{0f ug]{ sf]l;;
u5{g\ h'g ;a} em'6f] l;4 x'G5 . xfd|f] k|]d, >4f, cfb/efj ;a} ;dfKt eP/ w'nf] x'G5 / xfd|f] ejg
elTsG5 . xfdL h] klg lgdf{0f u5f}{+, Tof] hLjgn] ;dfKt kfl/lbG5 . oxfF s]xL aRb}g ;a} v/fgL
x'G5 t/ klg xfdL l:y/ kfg]{ k|of; ul/ g} /xG5f}F . oxL dg'iosf] hLjgsf] 7'nf] ljiffb xf] . JolQmsf]

nf]suLtf– 559
cWofo–!#
k|of;n] ;DaGw l:y/ x'g ;Sb}g, klt kTgLsf larsf] k|]d / ;DaGw klg l:y/ x'Fb}g . To;}n] of]
If0feª\u'/ hut\;Fu 8/fP/ cfˆgf] dgsf] zfZjt hut\ lgdf{0f ug]{ xfdL k|of; u5f}{+, h'g l6Sg
;Sb}g . JolQm g} If0feª\u'/ 5 eg] p;n] agfPsf] hut\ l:y/ x'g} ;Sb}g . To;}n] olb of]
If0feª\u'/tfsf] ;To hfg]df o;sf] ulx/fOdf n's]sf] cljgZj/ k/dfTdf h'g zfZjt 5 Tof] b]lvg
yfN5 . If0feª\u'/tfsf] ulx/fOdf k|j]z u/]/ cfˆgf] b[li6nfO{ Psfu| u/]df If0feª\u'/tfsf txx¿nfO{
kf/ u/]/ o;sf nx/x¿leq Tof] zfZjtnfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
hf] k'?if gi6 x'g] ;a} r/fr/ e"tx¿df gfz/lxt k/d]Zj/nfO{ ;defj;Fu l:yt b]V5 pxL
oyfy{ b]Vb5 . o:tf] b]Vg] JolQm;Fu dfq cfFvf x'G5 / ToxL g} k|1fjfg\ JolQm xf] . hf] of] ;f/f
If0feª\u'/tfsf] wf/fsf] k5fl8 ;defjn] pkl:yt zfZjtnfO{ b]Vb5, pxL g} b]Vg] JolQm xf] . Pp6f
aRrf hlGdP/ o'jf x'G5 / p;sf] d[To' x'G5 . JolQmn] hGd / d[To' b]V5 t/ o;sf k5fl8
;defjn] l:yt h'g s'/f 5 Tof] b]Vb}g . hLjg / d[To' b]lvG5 t/ hGd / d[To'leq n's]sf] hLjg
h'g hGdeGbf cufl8 klg lyof] / d[To'kl5 klg x'g] 5 Tof] b]lvFb}g . hGd / d[To' hLjgsf] lj/f6\
Joj:yfsf b'O{ 36gf dfq x'g\ . hGd nx/sf] ;'?jft / d[To' nx/sf] ;dflKt xf] t/ Tof] ;fu/ hxfF
nx/ aG5 / d]l6G5 Tof] JolQmn] b]Vg ;Sb}g . hGd / d[To'sf b'j} 36gfdf JolQm Tof] tŒj b]Vgaf6
r'S5 h'g g slxn] hlGdG5 g slxn] d5{ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb ltdL hGd / d[To'df k/d hLjg b]Vg ;kmn eof} eg] / kl/jt{gzLn
hut\df zfZjtnfO{ b]Vg ;kmn eof} eg] ltdL b]Vg / bz{g ug{ ;Sg] cfFvf ePsf JolQm xf} .
kl/jt{gzLndf zfZjt b]Vg' g} bz{g xf] . ha;Dd JolQm kl/jt{gsf ljk/Lt cfkm"nfO{ zfZjt,
;gftg agfpg] k|of; u5{, ta;Dd of] kl/jt{gleq n's]sf] zfZjt b]Vg ;lsGg . JolQm olb cfkm}“
zfZjt lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] 5 eg] Tof] u[x:y xf] / h'g JolQm cfˆgf] zfZjt lgdf{0f gu/L
kl/jt{gdf zfZjtsf] vf]h u5{ Tof] ;GGo:t xf] . 3/ agfpg]jfnf u[x:y xf] eg] k/dfTdfsf] 3/
vf]Hg]jfnf ;GGo:t xf] . To;}n] ;GGof;L zfZjt / jf:tljs k/dfTdfsf] 3/ vf]Hb5 / Tof] k|fKt
gx'Gh]n 3/ljxLg x'G5 t/ u[x:y kl/jt{gsf lardf alnof] ;f]rsf] c:yfoL 3/ agfpg vf]H5 /
To;}df /Db5 .
h;af6 xfdL lgld{t x'G5f}F, Tof] zfZjt xf] / dg'ion] h] agfpF5, Tof] c:yfoL xf] . cfkm"
hf]af6 ag]sf] 5 To;sf] vf]h gugf{n] zfZjt, ;gftg, cgflb, cgGtsf] s'g} cg'ej g} p;nfO{ x'g
;Sb}g . ha;Dd o;sf] cg'ej x'Fb}g, ta;Dd hLjgdf lrGtf, kL8f, clglZrttf / czflGt dfq
x'G5 lsgeg] kl/jt{gsf] wf/fn] ;a} ;dfKt kfl/lbG5 / agfpg ;Sg] ;a} s'/f ;dfKt klg x'G5 .
aGg' Ps lsgf/f xf] eg] ;dfKt x'g' csf]{ lsgf/f xf] . JolQm g} zfZjt 5}g eg] p;af6 lgld{t s'/f
s;/L zfZjt x'g ;S5 . olb JolQmn] of] zfZjtnfO{ b]Vg ;Sof] eg] pm jf:tjdf b]Vg]jfnf x'G5 .
kl/jt{gnfO{ ;fIfL efjn] x]g]{ JolQmn] la:tf/} kl/jt{gsf] tx x6]sf] / zfZjtsf] bz{g kfpg yfn]sf]
cg'ej u5{ . kl/jt{g;Fu n8]/ xf]Og hfu[t efjn] x]g{ ;'? u/]df kl/jt{gsf] vf]n x6\g yfN5 /
kl/jt{gleq zfZjt b]lvg yfN5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– gfz/lxt k/d]Zj/nfO{ h'g JolQm ;defjdf
l:yt b]V5, p;}n] dfq b]Vg ;S5 lsgeg] Tof] k'?if ;defjn] l:yt ePsf] k/d]Zj/nfO{ ;dfg b]Vb}
cfkm"åf/f cfkm}FnfO{ gi6 ub}{g / o;af6 pm k/d ultnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 .
xfdL h] ul//x]sf 5f}F Tof] s]jn cfkm"nfO{ gi6 ug]{ sfo{ g} ul//x]sf 5f}F . o; If0feª\u'/sf]
k|jfxdf JolQm cfkm" klg If0feª\u'/sf] k|jfx g} xf] . of] If0feª\u'/sf] k|jfxdf cfˆgf] ;'/Iffy{ wg,
;DklQ / kbsf nflu ;f/f zlQm Joo u/]/ klg p;sf] x/]s r]i6f ljkmn x'G5 / k|ltkmndf s]xL
xft gnfuL vfnL xft g} labf x'G5 . o:tf] l:yltdf p;n] hLjgdf s]xL k|fKt ub}{g s]jn u'dfpF5

nf]suLtf– 560
 cWofo–!#
/ cfTdfsf] bz{g ug]{ cf};/ u'dfP/ Joy{sf ;fdu|Lsf] ;ª\u|x u/]/ cfˆgf] cd"No hLjg gi6 u5{ .
h'g JolQmnfO{ zfZjtsf] af]w x'G5 p;n] dfq cfkm"nfO{ gi6 ug{af6 arfpg ;S5 . of] zfZjt
;gftgsf] af]w cfpgf;fy leq klg zfZjtsf] af]w x'g yfN5 . hGd / d[To'df klg leq l:yt k/d
hLjg b]lvof] / hLjgdf x'g] kl/jt{gdf klg Tof] ckl/jt{gLotfsf] af]w eof] eg] JolQm k/d ultdf
k|fKt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] k'?if ;Dk"0f{ sd{ ;a} k|sf/n] k|s[ltåf/f eP u/]sf] b]V5 pxL
b]Vb5 tyf h;n] cfTdfnfO{ cstf{ b]V5, pxL b]Vb5 . JolQmn] ;a} sd{ k/dfTdfn] ul//x]sf] 5
eGg] ;f]r /fVg]lalQs} pm cstf{ x'G5 . ;fª\Vosf cg';f/ ;a} sd{ k|s[ltn] u5{ / JolQm cstf{
x'G5 . >Ls[i0f oxfF ;fª\Vosf] b[li6 k|:tfljt ub}{ eGg'x'G5 h'g k'?if ;a} sd{ k|s[ltn] u/]sf] b]V5 /
cfTdfnfO{ cstf{ b]V5 pxL b]Vb5 . of] k'?if h'g sfndf k|f0fLx¿sf k[ys\–k[ys\ efjx¿nfO{ Pp6f
k/dfTdfsf] ;ª\sNksf cfwf/df l:yt b]V5 tyf Tof] k/dfTdfsf] ;ª\sNkn] g} ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf]
lj:tf/ b]V5, p;nfO{ o; sfndf ;lRrbfgGb3g k|fKt x'G5 .
k|s[lt / k'?if b'O{ tŒj x'g\ . h] sd{ eO/x]sf] 5 Tof] k|s[ltaf6 x'G5 / h] efj eO/x]sf] 5
Tof] k'?ifaf6 x'G5 . of] efjnfO{ hfg]df k'?if b'j}af6 k[ys\ x'G5 / pm g stf{ x'G5 g ef]Qmf g} x'G5,
s]jn b]Vg]jfnf ;fIfL dfq x'G5 . Psflt/ k|s[ltsf] nLnf / csf]{tkm{ k'?ifsf] efjsf] nLnf b'j}af6
cnu eP/ pm b]Vg]jfnf z'4 k'?if x'G5 . o:tf] k'?ifn] ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 /
o:tf] h;n] b]V5 pxL b]Vb5 . afFsL ;a} g]qljxLg;/x x'g\ . JolQm;Fu cfFvf–sfg ;a} 5g\ t/
b]Vg'kg]{ s'/f b]v]sf] 5}g / ;'Gg'kg]{ s'/f ;'g]sf] 5}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] kl/jt{gdf
zfZjtnfO{ b]V5, k|jfxdf lgTonfO{ b]V5, kl/jt{gdf ckl/jt{gLonfO{ b]V5, p;}n] dfq b]Vb5 .
st[{Tj k|s[ltsf] / ef]utŒj k'?ifsf] xf] t/ o:tf] JolQm b'j}sf lardf stf{ / ef]Qmf geP/ ;fIfL
dfq x'G5 . of] ;fª\Vosf] ulx/f] b[li6 xf] . JolQmsf] cfFvf cufl8sf] w'jfF x6\of] eg] ;a}lt/ zfZjt /
kl/jt{gsf] emns k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . of] w'jfF x6fpg] pkfo ;fIfLefjdf k|ltli7t x'g' xf] . leqaf6}
d stf{ / ef]Qmf xf]Og eGg] efj hufP/ x]g{'k5{, ta dfq ;fIfL hlGdg] 5 . ha oL efj k|fKt ug{
;S5f}F, ta jf:tljs cfFvf k|fKt eP/ bz{g x'g ;S5 . b[li6 eof] eg] bz{g x'G5 . zAb ;'g]/
;Tosf] bz{g c;Dej 5 . jf:tljs cfFvf ePdf ;To hf] k|sfz:j¿k 5 Tof] b]lvG5 .
cgflbTjflGgu{'0fTjfTk/dfTdfodJooM .
z/L/:yf]˜lk sf}Gt]o g s/f]lt g lnKot] ..#@..
x] ch{'g Û cgflb x'gfn] / lgu{'0f x'gfn] of] cljgfzL k/dfTdf z/L/df l:yt eP/ klg
jf:tjdf g t s]xL u5{, g t lnKt g} x'G5 ..
oyf ;j{ut+ ;f}IDofbfsfz+ gf]klnKot] .
;j{qfjl:ytf] b]x] tyfTdf gf]klnKot] ..##..
Hf;/L ;j{q JofKt eP/ klg cfsfz ;"Id x'gfsf sf/0f lnKt x'bF }g To;/L g} z/L/df ;j{q
l:yt eP/ klg cfTdf u'0fftLt x'gfsf sf/0fn] z/L/sf] u'0f;Fu lnKt x'bF }g ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û cgflb / u'0fftLt x'gfn] of] cljgfzL k/dfTdf z/L/df l:y/
eP/ klg jf:tjdf g stf{ x'G5 g lnKt g} x'G5 . h;/L ;j{q JofKt eP/ klg cfsfz ;"Id x'gfsf
sf/0f lnKt x'Fb}g To;/L g} z/L/df ;j{q l:yt eP/ klg cfTdf u'0fftLt x'g] ePsfn] z/L/sf]
u'0f;Fu lnKt x'Fb}g . cfsfzn] ;a}nfO{ 3]/]sf] x'G5 / ;a} s'/f cfsfzdf x'G5, t/ klg cfsfznfO{
s]xL x'Fb}g . kmf]xf]/sf] y'k|f] y'kfl/Psf] x'G5 / km"n klg km'ln/x]sf] x'G5 . oL b'j}af6 cfsfz 3]l/Psf]
x'G5 t/ kmf]x/sf] b'u{Gw / km"nsf] ;'uGw b'j}af6 cfsfz c:klz{t / ck|efljt x'G5 . oL b'j} kmf]x/

nf]suLtf– 561
cWofo–!#
tyf km"n cfpF5g\ / hfG5g\ t/ cfsfz lgZrn eP/ l:yt g} /xG5 . cfsfz / cfTdfsf] u'0f klg
Ps} x'G5 . cfsfz ;w}F s'df/L x'G5 p;nfO{ s'g} s'/fn] 5'g ;Sb}g . Pp6f 9'Ëfdf /]vf sf]¥of] eg]
Tof] a;f}{+ /xG5 lsgeg] 9'Ëfn] /]vf;Fu tfbfTDo u5{ . To;}n] lxGbLdf …kTy/sf nls/Ú eGg] egfO
klg 5 . kfgLdf /]vf sf]l/of] eg] aGgf;fy d]l6G5 t/ cfsfzdf t Tof] /]vf sf]g{ klg ;lsFb}g .
kfgLn] aGg lbG5 t/ To;nfO{ ;dfTb}g . 9'Ëfn] aGg klg lbG5 / tT;d klg x'G5 t/ cfsfzdf
s]xL sf]g{ g} ;lsGg . cfsfzdf olt w]/} kIfLx¿ p8\5g\ t/ ToxfF pgLx¿sf] s'g} kb lrXg
5'6\b}g . k[YjLdf olt w]/} ;[hg, kl/jt{g / ljgfzx¿ eO{ g} /xG5g\ t/ cfsfz ;w}F c:klz{t /
s'df/L g} /xG5 . of] cfsfzsf] u'0f g} k/dfTdfsf] klg u'0f xf] . aflx/L cfsfz h:t} leqL cfsfz
k/dfTdf xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û h'g lbg leq l:yt r}tGo s'g} s'/f;Fu lnKt x'Fb}g / o;nfO{
s;}n] klg 5'g ;Sb}g eg]/ hfGg] 5f} Tof] lbg ltdL cfˆgf] :jefjnfO{ hfGg] 5f} . ta ltdL s] u5f}{,
To;n] p;nfO{ s]xL km/s kb}{g . ltdLn] u/]sf s'/fx¿n] p;df s'g} /]vf sf]l/Fb}g / ltdL leq z'4
g} /xG5f} lsgeg] Tof] z'4 x'g' ltd|f] :jefj xf] . of] ;Gb]z cToGt pRr / ulx/f] 5 . o;sf] cy{
kfk u/]df leq s'g} /]vf lvlrFb}g / k'0o u/]df klg leq s'g} nfesf] /]vf lvlrFb}g eGg] xf] . kfk–
k'0o, /fd|f]–g/fd|f] h] u/] klg leq s'g} /]vf sf]l/Fb}g / JolQm c5'tf] /xG5 . oxfF ;f/f g}ltstf /
cg}ltstf Joy{ x'G5 . leqsf] z'l4 zfZjt 5 / xfd|f] ug{'n] ToxfF s]xL x'Fb}g t/ xfd|f] stf{kgsf]
sf/0fn] xfdL eg] csf/0f b'v kfpF5f}F . JolQmn] z'e sfd ubf{ z'e;Fu tfbfTDo agfpgfn] ;'vsf] /
g/fd|f] sfd ubf{ g/fd|f];Fu tfbfTDo agfpgfn] b'v cg'ej u5{ t/ oL b'j} e|flGt dfq x'g\ lsgeg]
leq h] n's]sf] 5 p;n] ;'v–b'v b'j} kfpFb}g / pm ;w}F Ps /; x'G5 . oxL leq n's]sf] tŒjsf]
vf]hL ug{' g} cWofTd xf] . Pp6f o:tf] laGb'nfO{ :jod\ leq kfpg'k5{ hf] ;a} s'/faf6 afXo cfsfz
h:t} c:klz{t 5 .
z/L/;Fu Ps ePdf b'v a]xf]g{'k5{ eg] dg;Fu Ps ePdf dfgl;s Joyfaf6 3]l/g'k5{ . t/
oL b'j}af6 cnu / kf/ ePdf 1ft x'G5 ls leq t s]xL ePs} 5}g ;bf h:tf] 5 p:t} g} 5 .
;[li6sf] klxnf] If0fdf r]tgf hlt z'4 lyof] Tolt g} z'4 cfh klg 5 . xfdLn] z/L/ / dg;Fu
s}og\ hGdb]lv afFlwP/ ofqf ul//x]sf 5f}F . To;}n] z/L/ / dg;Fusf] xfd|f] ;DaGw 6'6fpg ufx|f]
x'G5 t/ lg/Gt/ k|of;åf/f o;nfO{ tf]8\g ;lsG5 lsgeg] of] ;DaGw em'6f] xf], ;To xf]Og lsgeg]
xfdL z/L/ / dg;Fu k[ys\ 5f}F . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] leq /x]sf] :j¿k ;bf df}g Pjd\ zfGt, z'4
/ cfgGbn] el/Psf] x'G5 . o;sf] bz{g xfdLn] gu/]sf x'gfn] xfdL cfˆgf] ;DaGw z/L/ / dg;Fu
dfq ePsf] dfGb5f}F . dgsf] klg dflysf] kq dfq xfdL hfGb5f}F / w]/} kqx¿ t cr]tgdf n's]sf
5g\ h;sf af/]df xfdLnfO{ hfgsf/L g} 5}g . dg / z/L/ b'j}nfO{ 6'S|ofP/ cnu x'g' ;fIfL x'g' xf] .
z/L/ / dg;Fu JolQmn] ;DaGwsf] hf]8 agfPsf] 5 h;nfO{ 6'S|ofpg h?/L 5 . j:t'tM xfdL z/L/
/ dg;Fu hf]l8Psf g} 5}gf}F . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û cgflb / u'0fftLt x'gfn] of]
cljgfzL k/dfTdf z/L/df l:yt eP/ klg jf:tjdf g stf{ x'G5 g lnKt g} x'G5 . k/dfTdf g
s]xL u5{ g lnKt g} x'G5 pm c5'tf], c:klz{t / z'4 x'G5 . xfd|f] dg s'g} g s'g} ljrf/ lgld{t ul/
g} /xG5≤ To;}n] of] z'4 x'g ;Sb}g . aflx/sf] cfsfz h:t} leqL cfsfz klg ;b}j z'4 5 .
of] z'4tfsf] :d/0f ePdf hLjgdf gofF cfofd v'N5 / dg'io cs}{ JolQm x'g yfN5 clg
cstf{ efjn] ubf{ dgn] h] ul//xFbf klg ug]{ /; g} x/fpF5 . cstf{ x'F eGg] 1ft ePdf sd{ t hf/L
/xG5 t/ sd{ / stf{efjaf6 JolQm x6\b} hfG5 / p;nfO{ cfkm" clnKt ePsf] klg yfxf x'g yfN5 .
dg'io cfkm"nfO{ h] dflg/x]sf] 5 Tof] s]jn cfTd;Ddf]xgsf sf/0fn] dfg]sf] xf] . pm cfkm"nfO{ h:tf]

nf]suLtf– 562
 cWofo–!#
dfG5 To:t} u5{ . cfWofTdn] of] ;Ddf]xgaf6 hfUg'k5{ / s'g} ;Ddf]xg x'g' x'Fb}g eGb5 . ;f/f z/L/,
dg, wf/0ffx¿, /fd|f]–g/fd|f]af6 klG5P/ s]jn z'4 lrQ r}tGo dfq ha z]if /xG5, ta cfkm"
hfGg]jfnf x'F eGg] k|tLlt x'G5 . o; If0fdf leqsf] cfsfz k"/f z'4 / s'df/L ePsf] yfxf x'G5 .
r]tgf g s]xL u5{ g p;df s]xL lnKt x'G5 To;}n] pm c:klz{t / z'4 5 . cfTdf z/L/sf] u'0f;Fu
lnKt 5}g lsgeg] pm z'4 / c:klz{t 5 .
oyf k|sfzoTo]sM s[T:g+ nf]sldd+ /ljM .
If]q+ If]qL tyf s[T:g+ k|sfzolt ef/t ..#$..
x] ch{'g Û h;/L Pp6} ;"o{n] of] ;Dk"0f{ a|Xdf08nfO{ k|sflzt u5{, To:f} u/L Pp6f cfTdfn]
;Dk"0f{ If]qnfO{ k|sflzt u5{ ..
If]qIf]q1of]/]jdGt/+ 1fgrIf'iff .
e"tk|s[ltdf]If+ r o] ljb'of{lGt t] k/d\ ..#%..
o;k|sf/ If]q / If]q1sf] leGgtfnfO{ / ljsf/o'Qm k|s[ltaf6 5'6\g] pkfonfO{ hf] k'?if
1fgg]qåf/f tŒjk"j{s hfGb5g\, tL dxfTdfhgnfO{ k/a|Xd k/dfTdf k|fKt x'G5 ..
;"o{ ha pbfpF5 p;sf] k|ltljDa kmf]xf]/ gfnLsf] kfgLdf jf :jR5 kf]v/Ldf hxfF k/] klg
kf]v/Lsf] :jR5tf cyjf gfnLsf] kmf]xf]/kgfn] To;nfO{ 5'Fb}g lsgeg] ;"o{ t Pp6} 5 . kmf]xf]/
kfgLsf] k|ltljDa kmf]xf]/ / :jR5 kf]v/Lsf] k|ltljDa :jR5 geP/ k|ltljDa h:tfsf] t:t}
lgisn'lift, lgbf]{if / kljq x'G5 . b'j} k|ltljDadf s'g} cGt/ x'Fb}g / k|ltljDasf] z'l4df klg s'g}
cGt/ x'Fb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;/L Pp6} ;"o{n] ;Dk"0f{ nf]snfO{ k|sflzt u5{ To:f/L g}
Pp6} cfTdf r}tGon] ;d:t hLjgnfO{ cfXnflbt u/]sf] 5 . x/]s JolQmleqsf] r}tGosf] Hof]lt
Pp6} 5 . k|sfz Pp6} x'G5 / p;sf] :jefj klg Pp6} x'G5 . JolQmn] ;'gsf] lbof]df jf df6fsf]
lbof]df afn]sf] Hof]ltdf s'g} leGgtf geO{ Hof]lt b'j}sf] Pp6} x'G5 . To:t} r}tGo Pp6} 5 / p;sf]
:jefj klg Pp6} 5 . r}tGosf] :jefj ;fIfL x'g', hfGg' / bz{gsf] Ifdtf /fVg' xf] eg] k|sfzsf]
:jefj cFWof/f]nfO{ x6fpg' xf] . To;}n] k|sfz pknAw ePkl5 ;a} b]lvG5 . To:t} r}tGo klg leqL
k|sfz xf] h;n] leqL cGwsf/ x6fpF5 / ;a} s'/f b]lvG5 . leqsf] k|sfz ha aN5 ta ;f/f
lrhx¿ b]lvg yfN5g\ / xfdL TfL lrhx¿nfO{ :d/0f u5f}{+ t/ h;sf sf/0fn] Tof] b]lvPsf] 5,
To;nfO{ e'Ng yfN5f}“ / oxL lj:d/0f ;+;f/ xf] . h'g r}tGosf sf/0f JolQm ;f/f ;+;f/ b]lv/x]sf] 5,
To;}nfO{ pm la;{G5 / h] b]lvPsf] 5 To;sf kl5 nfu]/ ofqf u5{ . xfdL s}og\ hGd e8\lsgfsf]
sf/0f oxL xf] .
>Ls[i0f ch{'g tyf xfdL ;a}nfO{ of] lj:d/0faf6 hfUg] ;"q eGg'x'G5 . To;nfO{ :d/0f
ug{'k5{ h;sf sf/0fn] ;a} s'/f b]lvG5 . ljifonfO{ la;]{/ leq l:yt ›i6fnfO{ :d/0f ug{'k5{ . of]
:d[ltn] g} xfdLnfO{ If]qaf6 5'6fP/ If]q1df :yflkt ul/lbG5 . b'O{ zAb If]q / If]q1sf af/]df
>Ls[i0fn] af/Daf/ elg/xg' ePsf] 5 . Pp6f Tof] h'g hfGg]jfnf If]q1 k/dfTdf xf] / Tof] h]
hflgG5, Tof] If]q cyf{t\ ;+;f/ xf] . ;"o{ Ps} ePem}F k/dfTdf klg ;a}sf] leq Pp6} 5 t/ JolQmx¿
s]jn z/L/ dfq hfGb5g\ z/L/leq l:yt Tof] cfTdfsf af/]df s'g} hfgsf/L g} x'Fb}g . kbfy{x¿sf]
;Ldf x'G5 t/ r]tgf c;Ld x'G5 . ha ;a} ;Ldf tf]l8G5, ta cfs[ltx¿ ljn'Kt eP/ lg/fsf/sf]
:d/0f x'g yfN5 . oxfF s[i0fn] ToxL lg/fsf/sf] :d/0f u/fpg vf]Hg'ePsf] 5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x]
ch{'g Û h;/L Pp6} ;"o{n] ;Dk"0f{ nf]snfO{ k|sflzt u5{ To:t} Pp6f cfTdfn] ;Dk"0f{ If]qnfO{
k|sflzt u5{ . o;k|sf/ If]q / If]q1sf] cGt/nfO{ tyf ljsf/o'Qm k|s[ltaf6 5'6\g] pkfonfO{ hf]
k'?if 1fgg]qåf/f tŒjk"j{s hfGb5g\ tL dxfTdfhg k/a|Xd k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt x'G5g\ .

nf]suLtf– 563
cWofo–!#
If]q / If]q1sf] cGt/ cToGt} ldlxg 5 . If]q t b]Vg ;lsG5 t/ If]q1 hf] b]Vg]jfnf 5
To;nfO{ b]Vg sl7g 5 . cfkm}FnfO{ b]Vg ;Sg] sl7gfOsf sf/0f JolQm kbfy{d} c8\lsG5 / r]tgfsf]
hfgsf/Laf6 jl~rt x'G5 . of] If]q / If]q1sf] cGt/ hfGgsf nflu :jod\nfO{ hfGg] snf hfGg'k5{ .
h] b]lvG5 To;af6 cfkm"nfO{ cnu ug{'k5{ . cfFvf lrlDnFbf ljrf/ b]lvG5, Tof] klg If]q g} xf] /
cfk"m To;eGbf klg cnu xf] eGg] hfGg'k5{ . h] b]Vg ;lsFb}g To;sf] vf]h ul//x]df cGtdf b]Vg]
s'/f s]xL afFsL /xFb}g . ToxL g} clGtd la;f}gL xf] / ;fwgfsf] ;"q klg oxL xf] . ;+;f/af6 cfFvf
aGb ug{' 7'nf] s'/f xf]Og . ;+;f/sf] k|ltljDa hf] leq 5'6]sf] 5 To;af6 cfkm"nfO{ 5'6fpg'k5{ . h]
b]lvG5, Tof] d xf]Og eg]/ vf]h ul//x]df la:tf/} ;a} x/fP/ s]xL b]lvFb}g . o;/L ;a} x6fpFb} cl3
a9]df Ps 38L o:tf] cfpF5 hxfF z"Go klg 5'6\5 . To; pk/fGt s]xL klg aRb}g . ;+;f/b]lv
z"Go;Dd ;a} x/fpF5 s]jn hfGg]jfnf dfq aR5 . z"Go b]v'Gh]nsf] cj:yf Wofgsf] xf] eg] z"Go
klg x/fPsf] cj:yf ;dflwsf] cj:yf xf] . z"Go x/fPkl5 …dÚ dfq z]if /xG5 . ToxfF s]jn k|sfz
dfq afFsL x'G5, k|sflzt s'/f n'Kt x'G5 . ToxfF s]jn hfGg] aR5 hfGg] s'/f s]xL afFsL /xFb}g .
o:tf] cj:yf ;dflw xf] / oxL g} k/da|Xdsf] åf/ klg xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] of] cGt/nfO{ / ljsf/o'Qm k|s[ltaf6 5'6\g] pkfonfO{ 1fgg]qåf/f
tŒjk"j{s hfGb5, pxL hfGb5 . zAb ;'g]/ hfGg t ;lsG5 t/ To;sf] s'g} cy{ 5}g lsgeg] Tof]
s]jn JofVof / ljZn]if0f dfq xf] . 1fgg]qåf/f hf] cg'ej ub{5 / tŒjk"j{s hfGb5, p;}n] dfq
hfGb5 . cfkm}Fn] leq k|j]z u/]/ If]qnfO{ x6fpFb} If]q1nfO{ z'4 cj:yfdf hfg]kl5 dfq cg'ej x'g
;S5 . h'g lbg JolQm cfˆgf] 1fgg]qn] of] cGt/ cg'ej u5{ To;} lbg leq :jod\;Fu ;fIffTsf/
x'g] 5 . >Ls[i0f o:tf] If]q / If]q1sf] cGt/sf] hfgsf/ tyf 1fgg]qåf/f tŒjk"j{s hfGg]nfO{ dxfTdf
eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] cg'ejn] g} JolQmnfO{ dxfTdf agfpF5 . To;eGbf cl3 t JolQm tyfslyt kl08t
jf ldYof 1fgL dfq x'G5 . c1fgL t l;Sg ;S5 t/ ldYof 1fgL hfg]sf] 5' eGg] cledfgn] Tof]
klg ug{ ;Sb}g . ldYof 1fgL / c1fgL t cGwsf/df e8\lsG5g\ t/ cg'ejL JolQm :jod\sf]
cg'ejaf6 e8\lsFb}g / kf/ x'G5 . ha JolQmn] If]q / If]q1sf] cGt/ cfˆgf] cg'ejåf/f hfg]sf] 5',
To;}n] o;sf] cGt/ d eGg ;S5' eG5, ta uLtf p;sf nflu ;To x'G5 . uLtf k9\bf JolQmsf]
;DaGw ch{'g;Fu x'G5 eg] uLtf cg'ej ubf{ p;sf] ;DaGw >Ls[i0f;Fu x'G5 . 1fgg]qn] tŒjnfO{
hfGg] dxfTdfhgnfO{ k/a|Xd k|fKt x'G5 .
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] If]qIf]q1ljefuof]uf] gfd
qof]bzf]˜WofoM ..!#..

nf]suLtf– 564
 cWofo–!#

nf]suLtf– 565
cWofo–!#

nf]suLtf– 566
 cWofo–!$
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
rf}wf}+ cWofo
u'0fqoljefuof]uM

>Leujfg'jfr
k/+ e"oM k|jIofld 1fgfgf+ 1fgd'Qdd\ .
oH1fTjf d'goM ;j]{ k/f+ l;l4ldtf] utfM ..!..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– x] ch{'g Û 1fgx¿df klg clt pQd Tof] k/d1fg …dÚ km]l/ ltd|f nflu
eG5', h;nfO{ hfg]/ ;a} d'lghg of] ;+;f/af6 d'Qm eO{ k/dl;l4df k|fKt ePsf 5g\ ..
Ob+ 1fgd'kfl>To dd ;fwDo{dfutfM .
;u]{˜lk gf]khfoGt] k|no] g JoylGt r ..@..
x] ch{'g Û of] 1fgnfO{ wf/0f u/]/ d]/f] :j¿knfO{ k|fKt ePsf k'?if ;[li6sf cflbdf k'gM
pTkGg x'bF }gg\ / k|nosfndf klg Jofs'n x'bF }gg\ ..
dd of]lgd{xb\a|Xd tl:dGue{+ bwfDoxd\ .
;DejM ;j{e"tfgf+ ttf] ejlt ef/t ..#..
x] ef/t Û d]/f] s]jn a|Xd¿k lqu'0fdoL dfof ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] of]lg xf], ue{wf/0fsf] :yfg
xf] / …dÚ To; of]lgdf r]tg ;d'bfo ¿k :yfkgf u5{'≤ ToxL h8 r]tgsf] ;xof]uaf6 ;a} e"tx¿sf]
pTklQ x'G5 ..
sd{ clxn] 5 t/ kmn eljiodf dfq x'G5 / k|To]s sd{n] cg]s kmn lbg ;S5 . ha;Dd
sd{sf] kmn :ki6 x'Fb}g ta;Dd JolQmn] sd{ ug{ vf]Hb}g t/ kmn slxn] klg :ki6 x'Fb}g . h;n]
kmn lg0ff{os ¿kdf to geO{ sd{ ulb{gF eG5 To:tf] JolQmn] s'g} klg sd{ ug{ ;Sb}g . s]xL u/]
jf gu/] klg lg0f{o t ug}{ k5{ o;af6 aRg of efUg ;lsFb}g .
ch{'gsf] b'lawf klg oxL xf] . pgL sd{df cyf{t\ o'¢df k|j]z ug]{ of gug]{ b'lawfdf 5g\ .
eljiodf o'¢kZrft\ z'e of cz'e s] 36\5, pgL x]g{ rfxG5g\ hf] c;Dej 5 lsgeg] Tof] eljio
t clxn] ue{df cFWof/f]df n's]sf] 5 . xfdL t s]jn jt{dfgsf] lg0f{o lng ;S5f}F t/ ch{'g eljio
cjut ePkZrft\ dfq o'¢df plqg rfxG5g\ .
s'g} klg o'¢sf] lg0f{o lng'kbf{ xfdL ;a}sf] cj:yf ch{'g h:t} x'G5 . clwsf+z JolQmx¿
cfkm" lg0f{oaf6 aRg c¿sf] lg0f{osf] k|tLIff ub{5g\ jf c¿n] lg0f{o lnOb]cf];\ eGg] rfxG5g\ .
ch{'g klg oxL rfxG5g\ lsgeg] o'¢sf] clGtd ;dodf pgsf] dg ;Gb]xn] 3]l/Psf] 5 . t;y{
dg'iox¿ u'? jf s'g} dfGohg vf]Hb5g\ jf s;}sf] kl5 lxF8\g rfxG5g\ lsgeg] cf1fkfng ug'{sf]
cfwf/lznf :jlg0f{oaf6 hf]lug' xf] .
ch{'gsf] h:tf] sl7gfO k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cg'ej x'g ;S5 . To;}n] uLtfsf] ;Gb]z a8f]
zfZjt 5 . ch{'gsf] b'lawf x/]s dgsf] b'lawf xf] . dg /x];Dd b'lawf /xG5 . b'lawfu|:t dgn]
k||Zg p7fpF5 t/ pQ/ x'Fb}g . s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ pwf/f] pQ/ lbg xf]Og pgL cfkm} lg0f{o lnpmg\ eGg]

nf]suLtf– 567
cWofo–!$
rfxg'x'G5 . ch{'gsf] dgl:yltnfO{ a'‰g ;Sof}F eg] s[i0fsf] k|of; ;xh ¿kdf 1ft x'g ;S5 .
To;}n] uLtf Pp6f uxg dgf]dGyg xf] .
>Ls[i0f k|ydtM ch{'gsf] dgdf hxfFaf6 ;Gb]xsf] aLhf/f]k0f ePsf] 5 Tof] x6fpg] k|of; ub}{
x'g'x'G5 . pxfF hxfFaf6 ;Gb]x p7]sf] 5 ToxL ;|f]tnfO{ lu/fpg rfxg'x'G5 . To;}n] ch{'gnfO{ cf:yfsf
zAb k|of]u gu/L ¿kfGt/0f ug{ vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . hxfF dg /xFb}g ToxfF ;Gb]x klg /xFb}g . >Ls[i0fn]
rfx]sf] eP Ps zAbdf ædnfO{ eljio yfxf 5, To;}n] ltdL o'¢ u/ eGg ;Sg' x'GYof] .Æ dg g/xg]
lalQs} eljiosf] ;f]r :jtM ;dfKt x'G5 / jt{dfg dfq z]if /xG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf ch{'g lgldQ
dfq x'G5g\ . t/ ch{'g clxn] stf{ x'g] k|of; ub}{ 5g\ . clxn] ch{'g æd ub}{ 5' / of] d]/f] lhDd]jf/L
xf]Æ eGg] efjgf / cj:yfn] lrlGtt 5g\ t/ lrGtfsf] s'g} cGTo 5}g .
>Ls[i0fsf] k"/f r]i6f ch{'gnfO{ d]6fpg' xf] . k|To]s u'? lzio;Fu ToxL ug{ rfxG5 hf] s[i0f
ch{'g;Fu ug{ rfxg'x'G5 . lzio u'?;Fu s]xL kfpg] rfxgf /fV5 eg] u'? lzioaf6 c1fg d]6fpg]
rfxgf /fV5 . k"/f uLtf oxL ;ª\3if{sf] syf xf] . ch{'gsf] c1fg uxg 5 . s[i0f Ps åf/ aGb eP
bf];|f] åf/af6 k|j]z ug]{ k|of; ug{'x'G5 . ha;Dd u'?sf] lht x'Fb}g ta;Dd lzio b'v¿kL kf]v/Laf6
aflx/ lg:sg ;Sb}g .
uLtfdf a8f] k|Llts/ ;ª\3if{ 5 . ch{'gsf] rfxgf s[i0fsf] rfxgf;Fu d]n x'g ;s]sf] 5}g
;fy} ch{'g ld6\g klg tof/ gePsf] x'gfn] s[i0f ljleGg dfu{åf/f ch{'gnfO{ ld6fpg k|of;
ug{'x'G5 . oxL k|of;s} kmn:j¿k uLtf olt nfdf] / dxŒjk"0f{ ePsf] xf] . uLtfsf k|To]s cWofo
cnu cnu df]rf{ x'g\ / ch{'gsf] ¿kfGt/0f g} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf] lsgeg] dg gd/];Dd d'lQm
;Dej x'Fb}g . xfdL ;a}df leq aGb l:yltdf /x]sf] k|sfznfO{ vf]Hg'k5{ . cxª\sf/jz xfdL c¿nfO{
g} cf`gf] :j¿k dfg]/ To;}sf] cfTd/Iff ug{ vf]H5f}F . ch{'g klg cfTd/Iffd} ;+nUg 5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û 1fgx¿df klg clt pQd k/d 1fg d km]l/ klg ltd|f nflu
atfpF5' h;nfO{ hfg]/ ;a} d'lghg o; ;+;f/af6 d'Qm eO{ k/d l;l4df k|fKt ePsf 5g\ .
>Ls[i0fn] klxn] w]/} k6s elg;s] klg 1fgx¿df clt pQd k/d 1fg d ltd|f nflu km]l/ eG5'
eGg'x'G5 . s[i0f gyfsLsg ch{'gn] ha;Dd ;'Gb}gg\ / a'‰b}gg\ ta;Dd pxfFn] elg g} /xg' x''g] 5 .
klZrddf a'4sf] jrgsf] vf]hkZrft\ pgLx¿ cfZro{rlst ePsf 5g\ . a'4 *) jif{
afFRg'eof] . $) jif{sf] pd]/df 1fg k|fKt ug{'eof] / afFsLsf] $) jif{ dWo] Ps ltxfO{ efu t pxfFsf]
lgb|fdf laTof], s]xL ;do ef]hg, lgTosd{, leIff6g ubf{ laTof]≤ To:t} s]xL ;do ofqfdf JotLt
eof] . afFsL /x]sf] !) jif{df pxfFn] af]n]sf jrgx¿ cljlR5Gg / cxlg{z ¿kdf s:f}n] af]Nof] eg]
klg ;o jif{;Dd tL jrgx¿nfO{ af]n]/ ;lsFb}g . To;}n] pgLx¿ a'4sf] jrghlt w]/} af]Ng ;Dej
5}g eG5g\ .
>Ls[i0f gyfsLsg 3/L3/L Tof] k/d1fg d ltd|f nflu k'gM eG5' eGg'x'G5 . c1fg hfgsf/L
gx'g' xf]Og≤ eLd, b'of]{wgsf] h:t} a]l7s hfgsf/L x'g' xf] . t/ ch{'gnfO{ wd{–cwd{, /fd|f]–g/fd|f] /
l7s–a]l7ssf] hfgsf/L eP h:tf] efg 5 . oxL g} pgsf] b'lawf xf] . t/ o:tf] b'ljwfn] pgsf]
jf;gf d]l6Fb}g . jf;gf / a'l4 cf–cf`gf dfu{df lxF8\5g\ h;n] b'lawf pTkGg x'G5 / JolQm b'O{
efudf ljeflht x'G5 .
of] o'4sf] ;f/f h8 ch{'g / d"n sf/s ›f}kbL x'g\ . ›f}kbLnfO{ ch{'gn] g} lht]/ NofPsf
lyP . åf/df cfO{ cfdf s'GtLnfO{ xfdLn] s]xL lht]/ NofPsf 5f}F eGbf cfdfn] kfFr} efOn] afF8]/ lng"
elgg\ . of] syf t s]jn 9fSg] pkfo dfq xf] . jf:tjdf kfFr} efO ›f}kbLsf cfsfª\IfL lyP . pgL

nf]suLtf– 568
 cWofo–!$
;'Gb/td, k|ltefk"0f{, tLI0f a'l4, cfsif{s / tLj| wf/ ePsL :qL lyOg\ . olb kfFr} efOlar pgL
gafFl8PsL eP ;fob pgLx¿df 7'nf] ;ª\3if{ x'g ;SYof] . ›f}kbLk|ltsf] cfsif{0f / sfdjf;gfn] ubf{
of] ;f/f o'4sf] ;"qkft ePsf] xf] . o; o'4sf] d"n sf/0f ›f}kbL g} x'g\ t/ kl5 la:tf/} cGo
36gfqmdn] ubf{ l:ylt o'4;Dd k'Uof] . ch{'gnfO{ o'4sf] d}bfgdf cflv/L r/0fdf ca o'4 x'g] eof]
eGg] :d/0f ePsf] 5 . o'4 d[To'sf] kof{ojfrL xf] / ;a} jf;gfn] cGtdf JolQmnfO{ d[To';Dd
k'¥ofpF5 . ch'{gnfO{ o'4sf] cflv/L If0fdf cfkmGtsf] d[To'sf] jf:tljstf k|s6 ePsf] 5 .
dxfef/tsf x/]s kfq hLjgsf k|tLssf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ . kf08jx¿n] Ps cb\e't dxn lgdf{0f
u/] . b'of]{wgnfO{ ToxfF cfdlGqt ul/of] / ha b'of]{wg e|fds åf/df 7f]lSsP ta ›f}kbLn] xfF:b}
cGwfsf] 5f]/f] cGwf] egL u/]sf] Joª\Uo g} of] o'4sf] d"n sf/0f aGof] . To; lbg ch{'gn] ›f}kbLsf]
egfOdf s'g} k|Zg p7fPgg\ t/ o'4sf] clGtd 38Ldf aNn pgnfO{ of] af]w ePsf] 5 . rf/}lt/
cfˆg} sf/0fn] cfh o'4e"ld;Dd cfOk'u]sf] pgn] b]v], ta pgsf] dg 8fdf8f]n eof] . o'4
cl:tTjsf] 36gf eO;s]sf] / o'4 ca lgolt alg;s]sf] aNn pgnfO{ af]w eof] .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ltdL lgldQ / cl:tTjsf] xftsf] pks/0f agL stf{efj Tofu]/ o'4
u/ eGg'x'G5 . hf] JolQm ;fIfL / lgldQ aGg ;S5, p;n] lgoltnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ ;S5 . >Ls[i0f
k6sk6s ch{'gnfO{ Tof] k/d 1fg k'gM eG5', eGg'x'G5 . ;+;f/ Tof] xf] hf] dgn] rf/}lt/ /f]k]sf] 5 .
afXo ;+;f/;Fu ;DaGw aGg'sf] sf/0f xfd|f] dg xf] . of] ;+;f/af6 efUg'sf] s'g} cy{ g} 5}g, o; leq
dgsf] hfnf] tf]8\g'k5{, h'g k/d1fgn] dfq tf]8\g ;S5 / ;+;f/af6 d'Qm ug{ ;S5 . ;+;f/ xfdL /
1fgL b'j}sf nflu x'G5 . dgaf6 d'Qm x'gfn] 1fgLn] of] ;+;f/ g} a|Xd:j¿k b]Vb5 eg] dgsf]
ljefhgn] ubf{ xfdL of] ;+;f/ k|k~rsf] ynf] h:tf] b]V5f}F . hut\\df /Ë, e]b s]xL x'Fb}g t/ dgnfO{
Tof] OG›wg'if h:tf] k|tLt x'G5 . dgn] x]/]sf] a|Xd hut\ xf] . ha dgn] cl:tTj b]Vb5, ta ;+;f/
6'qm]sf] OG›wg'if h:tf] b]lvG5 . olb dg x/fof] eg] ;f/f /ª x/fP/ z'4 ls/0f dfq z]if /xG5, h'g
z'4 cl:tTj xf] . ;+;f/df …dgÚ zAbsf sf/0f a8f] e|flGt 5 . 1fgLhgx¿ ;+;f/af6 dfly p7
eGb5g\ h;nfO{ c1fgLhgn] of] aflx/L ;+;f/af6 efUg' xf] eGg] a'em] . of] aflx/L ;+;f/af6 efUg'
;+;f/af6 efUg' xf]Og . dgsf] OG›wg'ifaf6 efUg] JolQm c1fgL xf] .
;+;f/af6 d'Qm x'g' g} dgaf6 d'Qm eP/ k/dl;l4nfO{ pknAw x'g' xf] lsgeg] Tof] l;l4,
:jefj / df]If leq n's]sf] 5 . ;+;f/ 3'Dg] rSsf h:tf] 5 / xfd|f] dg / ljrf/ klg rSsf h:t}
3'ld/xG5 . jiff{, hf8f], udL{, ;"o{ pbfpg], rG›df k"0f{ aGg] ;a} aflx/L ;+;f/sf s'/fx¿ jt{'n ag]/
j[Qdf 3'ld/x]sf 5g\ . To:t} leq klg ljrf/x¿sf] hfnf] k'g/fj[lQ u/]/ 3'ld/xG5 . lxGb"x¿ ;+;f/
/ dgsf] ult rqmfsf/ 5 eG5g\ . of] rqmfsf/ j[Qaf6 d'Qm ePkl5 dfq JolQm l;4 x'G5 . l;l4
eGgfn] o:tf] cj:yfdf x'g' xf], hxfFaf6 cGoq ofqf ug]{ efj g} ;dfKt x'G5 . ha;Dd sxLF hfg]
efj /xG5, ta;Dd ;+;f/sf] g} ofqf x'G5 . dg'iodf jf;gf /x'Gh]n ofqfsf] dgf]efj hLljt
/xG5 . jf;gfsf] cGTo x'g' g} ofqfsf] klg cGTo x'g' xf] . jf;gf/lxt cj:yfdf cfkm" hxfF /Xof],
ToxLF k/d wfd x'G5 . To;}n] l;4k'?if cfk"mdf g} lkmtf{ eP/ l:yt x'G5g\ .
x] Û ch{'g of] k/d 1fgnfO{ wf/0f u/]/ d]/f] :j¿knfO{ k|fKt ePsf] k'?if ;[li6sf] cflbdf k'gM
pTkGg x'Fb}g / k|nosfndf klg Jofs'n x'Fb}g . hf] JolQm cfˆgf] :jefjdf cyf{t\ 1fgdf l:yt x'G5,
To:tf] k'?ifn] d]/f] :j¿knfO{ k|fKt u/]/ g hGd lnG5 g d'To'nfO{ k|fKt x'G5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5 . ;[li6sf] hfnf]n] klg To:tf k'?ifnfO{ tfGg ;Sb}g . ;[li6sf] rqm 3'ld/xG5 t/ o:tf]
k'?if rqmsf] aflx/ x'G5 . p;df sxLF hfg] jf;gf gx'gfn] p;sf] ofqf g} 6'ª\luG5 . xfd|f] hGd /
z/L/ klg xfd|f] jf;gfsf] ofqf xf] . cl3Nnf] hGdsf] d[To'sf] ;dosf] cw'/f] jf;gfsf] ;f/ jf

nf]suLtf– 569
cWofo–!$
lgrf]8 g} gofF hGdsf] cfwf/ xf] . >Ls[i0f l;4 k'?if hGd d[To'sf] rqmaf6 kf/ x'G5 eGg'x'G5 .
hGd lngsf nflu 7'nf] k|lt:kwf{ ug'{k5{ . ;+ef]usf] If0f k'?ifsf] jLo{ s0f cyf{t\ z'qmsL6 ! b]lv
!) s/f]8sf] lardf sl/a @ ldnsf] k|lt:kwf{k"0f{ ofqf ub}{ :qLsf] c08ftkm{ bf}8G5g\ . xfd|f cfFvfn]
logLx¿ b]lvFb}gg\ . ltgLx¿dWo] s]jn Ps z'qmsL6 dfq :qLsf] c08fdf k|j]z ug{ ;dy{ x'G5 . Tof]
z'qmsL6 k|j]z ug]l{ alQs} c08fsf] åf/ aGb x'G5 . Ps JolQmn] ;fdfGotM hLjgdf rf/ xhf/ k6s
;Def]u u5{ / ToxL cg'kftdf JolQmx¿sf] hlGdg] ;Defjgf klg x'G5 . Ps z/L/ kfpgsf nflu
hLjx¿ olt w]/} ;ª\3if{ / bf}8 ub{5g\ . hLjzf:qLx¿ of] aflx/L ;+;f/sf] k|ltof]lutf Tof] leqsf]
k|ltof]lutfsf cufl8 s]xL xf]Og eGb5g\ .
l;4 k'?if hLjg–d[To'sf] bf}8af6 cnu x'G5g\ . ;[li6sf] k|f/Dedf klg jf;gf z]if g/x]sf]
x'Fbf l;4 k'?if hGdsf] bf}8af6 k[ys\ x'G5g\ . ;[li6sf] cGtsfn eoª\s/ si6 / xfxfsf/sf] ;dodf
klg pgLx¿ Jofs'n x'Fb}gg\ / pgLx¿df s'g} kL8f x'Fb}g . h;sf] s'g} jf;gf x'Fb}g p;nfO{ s'g} kL8f
x'Fb}g . jf;gf g} kL8fsf] sf/0f xf] . k"/f ;[li6 ljgfz eP klg l;4 k'?if Jofs'n x'Fb}gg\ . To;}n]
ch{'gsf] Jofs'ntfnfO{ hfg]/ >Ls[i0fn] k6s k6s d Tof] 1fg ltdLnfO{ km]l/ eG5', h;nfO{ hfg]/
k|nosfndf klg l;4 JolQmx¿ Jofs'n x'Fb}gg\ eGg' ePsf] xf] . k|nosf cufl8 of] o'4 t s]xL
xf]Og, Ps ;fgf] 36gf dfq xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û dxt\ a|Xd¿k k|s[lt lqu'0fdoL dfof ;Dk"0f{ e"tx¿sf] of]lg xf]≤
uef{wfgsf] :yfg xf] / d Tof] of]lgdf r]tg ¿k aLh :yfkgf u5{' / Tof] h8 r]tgsf] ;+of]uaf6 ;a}
k|f0fLx¿ pTklQ x'G5g\ . lqu'0fdoL dfof ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] of]lg xf] . >Ls[i0f of] ;f/f k|f0fLx¿
Pp6f dfof cyf{t\ :jKgaf6 hlGdG5g\ eGg'x'G5 . of] b[Zo hut\\df jf:tljstf sd / :jKg w]/} 5 .
of] hut\ kbfy{n] eGbf jf;gf / OR5fx¿n] ag]sf] 5 . lxGb"x¿ of] hut\ dfofaf6 ;[hgf ePsf]
eGb5g\ . lxGb"x¿sf] k|tLltdf k/d ;To h'g eP/ klg b]lvFb}g Tof] a|Xd xf] . k/d ;To h'g eP/
klg b]lvFb}g eg] k/d c;To h'g 5b} 5}g, Tof] t b]Vg] k|Zg} p7\b}g . oxL k/d ;To / k/d c;To
b'O{sf] dWodf dfof x'G5, h'g b]lvG5 t/ jf:tljstfdf x'Fb}g . dfofsf] s]jn k|tLlt dfq x'G5 t/
jf:tjdf x'Fb}g . To:t} ha;Dd jf;gfnfO{ ;To dfG5fF}, ta;Dd jf;gf 7'nf] ;To h:tf] nfU5 t/
hfUg]lalQs} of] c;To x'G5 . t;y{ xfd|f jf;gfx¿ s]jn efj / :jKg dfq x'g\ . hut\ dfof xf] /
of] ;f/f hGd oxL dfofn] eO/x]sf] 5 . of] lqu'0fdoL dfof ;f/f e"tk|f0fLx¿sf] of]lg ue{:yn xf] /
ToxL ;kgfaf6 ;a} hlGdG5g\ . ToxL OR5f, jf;gfdf s]xL x'g] / s]xL kfpg] bf}8af6 Pp6f lj/f6\
:jKgsf] hGd x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d Tof] of]lgdf r]tg¿k aLh :yflkt u5{' cyf{t\ r]tgf
k|bfg u5{' . ToxL h8 / r]tgsf] ;+of]uaf6 ;f/f e"tk|f0fLx¿ pTkGg x'G5g\ .
dfof / jf;gfsf] hut\ h8 / kbfy{ xf] . r]tgsf] ¿kdf s[i0fsf] c+z To;df k|j]z ub{5 /
hLjgsf] pTklQ x'G5 . dfof h;nfO{ kbfy{ elgG5 / r]tg h;nfO{ k/dfTdf elgG5, log} b'O{
tŒjsf] hf]8 g} xfd|f] z/L/ xf] . k/dfTdf / kbfy{sf] ;+of]u dg'io xf] eg] d[To'df oxL kbfy{ /
k/dfTdfsf] ;+of]usf] hf]8 k[ys\ x'G5 . d[To'df s]jn ;+of]u 6'lqmG5 . k/dfTdf cd[t x'gfn] p;sf]
d[To' ;Dej g} 5}g / kbfy{ t d[t g} x'G5≤ t;y{ dg]{ k|Zg g} p7\b}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– jf;gfsf
dfWodaf6 kbfy{ / dfofsf] dfWodaf6 k/dfTdfsf] ;+of]u hf]l8G5 eg] 1fgsf] dfWodaf6 of] ;+of]u
ePsf] :ki6 x'G5 . c1fgdf z/L/sf] af]w x'G5 eg] 1fgdf z/L/eGbf k[ys\ x'F eGg] af]w x'G5 .
r]tgf / kbfy{ Pjd\ dfof / a|Xdsf] k[ystfsf] af]wkZrft\ of] hut\ Ps v]n dfq x'G5 . d[To'df
;+of]u dfq 6'lqmg] x'Fbf hlGdg', dg{', o'4 x'g', dxfdf/L km}lng' ;a} gf6ssf lx:;f dfq x'g\ . dfofdf
/x'Gh]n hGd / d[To' ;To h:tf] k|tLt x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ d[To'b]lv eoeLt gx'g

nf]suLtf– 570
 cWofo–!$
eGg'x'G5 . of] hut\\ O{Zj/sf] lrQdf rn]sf] Ps lj/f6\ ;kgf dfq xf] . 1fgL k'?if of] lj/f6\
;kgfaf6 hfu[t eP/ of] ;kgf ;To gePsf] / Joy{ ePsf] hfGb5g\ . of] hfu/0f g} Wofg / ;dflw
xf] .
;j{of]lgif' sf}Gt]o d"t{oM ;DejlGt ofM .
tf;f+ a|Xd dxBf]lg/x+ aLhk|bM lktf ..$..
x] ch{'g Û ;a} of]lgx¿df hlt klg z/L/wf/L k|f0fL pTkGg x'G5g\, tL ;a}nfO{ wf/0f ug]{ h8
k|s[lt g} cfdf x'g\ / …dÚ a|≈d¿kL aLhnfO{ :yfkgf ug]{ lktf x'F ..
;Œj+ /h:td Olt u'0ffM k|s[lt;DejfM .
lgaWglGt dxfafxf] b]x] b]lxgdJood\ ..%..
x] ch{'g Û ;Œju'0f, /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0f oL k|s[ltaf6 pTkGg ePsf tLg} u'0fn] cljgfzL
hLjfTdfnfO{ z/L/df afFWb5g\ ..
tq ;Œj+ lgd{nTjfTk|sfzsdgfdod\ .
;'v;Ë]g aWgflt 1fg;Ë]g rfg3 ..^..
x] lgikfk ch{'g Û tL tLg u'0fx¿df k|sfz ug]{jfnf lglj{sf/ ;Œj u'0f lgd{n u'0f x'gfn] Tof]
;'vsf] cf;lQm / 1fgsf] cf;lQmn] cyf{t\ To;sf] cledfgn] afFW5 ..
hLjgsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ clGtd ljZn]if0f tLgdf afFl8Psf] 5 . ;fª\Vo cg';f/ k|s[lt klg
;Œj, /h / td tLg tŒjx¿sf] d]n xf] . O;fO{x¿ lqd"lt{ (Trinity) df ljZjf; ub{5g\ . pgLx¿
O{Zj/sf tLg ¿kåf/f ;f/f hut\\ lgld{t ePsf] 7fGb5g\ . lxGb"x¿ klg a|Xdf, lji0f' / dx]z
k/dfTdfsf tLg ¿kaf6 hut\\ lgld{t ePsf] dfGb5g\ t/ ;fª\Vo clt j}1flgs 5, pm lqd"lt{ geO{
tLg tŒjsf] s'/f ub{5 . log} tLg tŒj ;Tj, /h, td oL tLg u'0fx¿ x'g\ / log}sf] d]naf6 ;f/f
cl:tTj ultdfg\ 5 . tdf] u'0f l:ylt :yfks xf] . cfn:o, lj>fd / cj/f]wsf] bzf g} td xf] .
afXo zlQmn] wSsf glbP;Dd x/]s j:t' cfˆg} :yfgdf /lx/xG5 . tdsf cy{ cfˆg} 7fpFdf /xg'
xf] . h:tf] Pp6f 9'Ëf grnfpGh]n cfˆg} :yfgdf /xG5 / ˆofFSbf tn em5{ . 9'Ëf cfˆg} :yfgdf
/xg rfxg] x'Fbf Tof] ˆofFSg xfdLn] zlQm k|of]u ug{'k5{ . cGtdf 9'Ëf tn emg]{ l:yltnfO{ lj1fg
u'?Tjfsif{0f zlQm eG5 / ;fª\Vo To;nfO{ tdf]u'0f eG5 . olb ;+;f/ tdljxLg eof] eg] ;a} ultdf
/xG5 / ult /f]lsg] ;Defjgf x'Fb}g . ult PSn} k"0f{ gx'g] x'Fbf /f]Sg] l:ylt tdf]u'0f cfjZos x'G5 .
td d[To'sf] tŒj xf] lsgeg] d[To'kl5 s'g} ult x'Fb}g . ult/lxt kTy/ h:tf] afFRg]nfO{ tfd;L
k|j[lQsf] JolQm dflgG5 .
dg'io ;a}eGbf a9L ultdfg\ x'G5 . dg'io la?jf / kz'x¿eGbf ultzLn x'g] x'Fbf pm
;jf{lws ljsl;t x'G5 . p;n] cfˆgf] td u'0fdf s]xL xb;Dd ljho k|fKt ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
td tf]8\g ;kmn ePsf] ;dfh g} ljsl;t x'G5 . klZrdsf] ;dfhn] cfˆgf] td 5f]8\g ;kmn
ePsfn] ToxfF tLj| ultdf ljsf; ePsf] 5 . gbL h:tf] k|jfxdfg\ ult / tLj|tf lbg] u'0f g} /hf]
u'0f xf] . of] ;f/f hut\\ ultdfg\ 5 . olb ;a} lrhx¿ /f]lsP/ /x] eg] hut\\ x'g} ;Sb}g . tdf]u'0f
d[To' xf] eg] /hf]u'0f hLjg xf] . afnsdf /hf]u'0f a9L x'g] x'gfn] pgLx¿ r~rn x'G5g\ / j[4df
tdf]u'0f a9L x'g] x'gfn] pgLx¿ ;':t x'G5g\ . /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0f ;dfg ePsf] hjfg cj:yf
;f}Gbo{sf] cj:yf xf] . ult / /f]lsg'sf] lardf hxfF ;Gt'ng x'G5, ToxfF ;Œj u'0f k|s6 x'G5 .
hLjgsf s'g} klg lbzfdf ;Gt'ng ePdf ToxfF ;Œj k|s6 x'G5 . ;Gt'ngnfO{ pknAw ;flŒjs
JolQm ;fw' xf] . /h / td u'0fsf] ;Gt'ng ;Œj u'0f xf] . k|s[lt log} tLg u'0f ldn]/ ag]sf] 5 . hxfF

nf]suLtf– 571
cWofo–!$
hxfF k|s[ltsf] ;f}Gbo{do b[Zo x'G5, ToxfF ;Œjsf] pTklQ ePsf] x'G5 . xfdL eujfg\sf] d"lt{df km"n
ck{0f u5f}{+, Tof] km"n ;Œj cyf{t\ ;f}Gbo{sf] k|tLs xf] . ;fw' h:tf ;flŒjs JolQmx¿df b]lvg]
;Gt'ng ;Œj u'0f xf] . oL tLg} u'0fsf] kf/ klg Ps cj:yf 5 h;nfO{ >Ls[i0f u'0fftLt eGg'x'G5,
h'g s[i0f h:tf JolQmx¿df dfq x'G5 . xfd|f cfFvfn] ;Œjsf] cj:yf dfq b]Vg ;S5g\ .
;fª\Von] vf]h u/]sf oL tLg tŒjdf cb\e't u'0fx¿ 5g\ . log}sf cfwf/df dg'io /
k|s[ltsf] ;f/f Jojxf/ hfGg ;lsG5 . lj1fgn] k/df0f' On]S6«f]g, k|f]6f]g / Go'6«f]g tLg tŒjaf6
lgld{t x'G5 eGg] kQf nufof] . o;sf] nIf0f klg ;Œj, /h / td h:tf] g} 5 . To:t} a|Xdf, lji0f'
dx]zsf] nIf0f / oL tLg tŒjsf] nIf0f p:t} 5 . a|Xdf hGd lbg'x'G5 Tof] /hf] u'0f xf], lji0f'
;XDffNg' x'G5 / kfng ug'{ x'G5 Tof] ;Œj u'0f xf] / dx]z d[To' / ;+xf/ ug{'x'G5 Tof] tdf] u'0f xf] .
/h / td oL b'O{ u'0fdWo] Ps u'0fdf dfq JolQm /xFbf of] 3fts x'G5 . bf}l8g'sf ;fy} /f]lsg' klg
h?/L x'G5 . oL b'O{ u'0flar ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ ;fw'leq t];|f] tŒj ;Œj u'0fsf] hGd x'G5 .
d"R5f{sf] cj:yf td xf] / bf}8sf] cj:yf /h xf] . /h Hofbf ePdf ljlIfKttf k}bf x'G5 . bf}l8g] /
/f]lsg] b'O{ u'0fsf] ;Gt'ngaf6 t];|f] u'0f hlGdG5 h;nfO{ ;Œj eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 .
;Œj ;+;f/df >]i7td u'0f xf] t/ o;af6 klg d'lQm x'Fb}g≤ To;}n] of] cflv/L u'0f xf]Og .
hut\\df /x]sf oL tLg tŒj k|s[ltsf u'0f x'g\ . tdn] d"R5f{df, /hn] ult / ljsf;df / ;Œjn]
zflGtdf n}hfG5 . ;Œjsf] klg kf/ x'g h?/L x'G5 . oL tLg} u'0faf6 kf/ ePkl5 u'0fftLt cj:yf
l;h{gf x'G5 . ltg} u'0fsf] kf/ x'g] JolQm k|s[ltaf6 kf/ eO{ k'?if cyf{t\ k/dfTdf x'G5 . ;Œj oL
tLg} u'0faf6 kf/ x'g] åf/ / jfwf b'j} aGg ;S5 . olb ;fw'df 1fg / zflGtsf] cxª\sf/ cfof] eg]
of] ;Œj u'0f aGwg aGg] 5 . ;fw'df x'g] ;"Id cxª\sf/ g} ;flŒjs JolQmsf] afwf aGb5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û gfgfk|sf/sf ;a} of]lgx¿df hlt klg ¿kx¿ pTkGg x'G5g\ TfL ;a} lqu'0fdoL
dfofn] ue{ wf/0f ug]{jfnf dftf x'g\ . of] k|s[lt hf] tLg u'0fn] el/Psf] 5 o;nfO{ ltdL cfdf Pjd\
ue{ ;Dem / …dÚ aLhnfO{ :yfkgf ug]{ lktf x'F . z/L/ / ¿k oL tLg u'0faf6 k|fKt x'G5 eg] r]tgf
k/dfTdfaf6 cfpF5 . ltg} u'0feGbf leGg k/dfTdfaf6 cfpg] r]tgf oL tLg u'0fleq cfjf; u5{ .
r]tgf cfn:odf clNemP tddf, r~rntf / ljlIfKttfdf clNemP /hdf Pjd\ ;flŒjs cxª\sf/df
clNemP ;Œjdf x'G5 . oL tLgdWo] Ps;Fu clNemPdf r]tgfn] cfˆgf] jf:tljs :j¿k lrGg ;Sb}g
lsgeg] jf:tljs :j¿k oL tLg u'0faf6 kf/ ePkl5 dfq k|fKt x'G5 .
x] ch{'g Û k|s[ltaf6 pTkGg ePsf tLg} u'0fn] of] cljgfzL hLjfTdfnfO{ z/L/df afFW5g\ /
aGwg lgdf{0f ub{5g\ / of] ljgf hLjfTdf z/L/df x'g ;Sb}g . lj>fd / /f]sfj6sf nflu td,
ultsf nflu /h / ;Gt'ngsf nflu ;Œj rflxG5 . tLgdWo] Pssf] sdLdf hLjg rNg ;Sb}g .
hLjgdf ;fw' / ;fdfGo JolQm b'j}nfO{ ;'v cfjZos x'G5, cGoyf afFRg] cfwf/ g} ;lsG5 . oL tLg}
u'0fn] z/L/nfO{ afFW5g\ . oL tLg} u'0fx¿dWo] k|sfz ug]{jfnf lglj{sf/ ;Œj u'0f lgd{n u'0f x'gfn]
zfGt, ;'vbfoL / 1fgo'Qm x'G5 . o;af6 :jR5tfsf ;fy} leqL ;'v k|fKt x'G5 t/ 1fg / ;'vsf]
cf;lQmn] cledfgsf] hGd x'G5 . 1fgaf6 d 1fgL 5' / ;'vaf6 d ;'vL 5' eGg] cxª\sf/n] hGd
lnG5 . h'g lbg JolQm ;'v / 1fgsf] aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'G5, ta p;df d'lQm kmlnt x'G5 . xfdL
1fg–c1fg b'j};Fu cfkm"nfO{ hf]8\5f}F . c1fgdf b'vnfO{ d]/f] b'v, d]/f] /f]u eGb5f}F eg] 1fgdf
;'vnfO{ d]/f] ;'v eGb5f}F . JolQmnfO{ b'v / c1fgsf] tfbfTDo 5'6fpg] OR5f x'G5 lsgeg] b'v t
sf]xL rfxFb}g t/ ;'v x'Fbf To;df /lx/xg] OR5fn] ;'v;Fusf] tfbfTDo 5'6fpg] dg x'Fb}g . /h /
tdn] dfq xf]Og 1fg, z'e / ;'vsf] cf;lQm cyf{t\ ;Œjn] klg afFWb5 . aGwg /x];Dd ;+;f/

nf]suLtf– 572
 cWofo–!$
/xG5 . hf] oL tLg} u'0fsf] aGwgaf6 kf/ p7\g ;S5 ToxL JolQmn] Tof] k/d 1fgsf] cg'ej ug{
;S5 .
/hf] /fufTds+ ljl4 t[i0ff;Ë;d'∫jd\ .
tlGgaWgflt sf}Gt]o sd{;Ë]g b]lxgd\ ..&..
x] ch{'g Û /fu¿k /hf]u'0f sfdgf / cf;lQmn] pTkGg x'G5 eGg] hfg . /hf]u'0fn] of]
hLjfTdfnfO{ sd{ / To;sf] kmnsf] cf;lQmn] afFW5 ..
td:Tj1fgh+ ljl4 df]xg+ ;j{b]lxgfd\ .
k|dfbfn:olgb|fle:tlGgaWgflt ef/t ..*..
x] ef/t Û ;a} b]xfledfgLx¿nfO{ df]lxt kfg]{jfnf tdf]u'0fnfO{ c1fgaf6 pTklQ ePsf] hfg /
o;n] of] hLjfTdfnfO{ k|dfb, cN5Lkg / lg›fn] afFW5 ..
;Œj+ ;'v] ;~holt /hM sd{l0f ef/t .
1fgdfj[To t' tdM k|dfb] ;~hoTo't ..(..
x] ef/t Û ;Œj u'0fn] ;'vdf nufpF5, /hf]u'0fn] sd{df nufpF5 / tdf]u'0fn] 1fgnfO{
cfR5flbt u/]/ c1fg / k|dfbdf nufpF5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û /fu¿k /hf]u'0f sfdgf / cf;lQmaf6 pTkGg ePsf] x'Fbf o;n]
hLjfTdfnfO{ sd{ / To;sf] cf;lQmn] afFW5 . oL tLg} u'0f afFWg]jfnf tŒj x'g\ . ;+:s[t efiffdf
u'0fsf] cy{ 8f]/L jf aGwg xf] . xfdL k/dfTdfnfO{ lgu{'0f aGwgaf6 kf/ cyf{t\ u'0fftLt eGb5f}F .
k/dfTdf k|s[ltsf oL tLg u'0faf6 d'Qm / kf/ 5 . p;nfO{ s'g} u'0fn] afFWg ;Sb}g lsgeg] pm
lgu{'0f / k/d :jtGq 5 . xfdL leq /x]sf] k'?if tŒjsf] rf/}lt/ aGwg eP klg pm :jtGq 5 . Tof]
aGwgn] p;sf] :jtGqtfnfO{ cj/f]w ug{ ;S5 t/ gi6 ug{ ;Sb}g . To;}n] r]tgfn] s'g} klg
l:yltdf cfˆgf] :jtGqtf x/fpFb}g . olb cj/f]w;Fu xfd|f] cfsif{0f eof] eg] ;d:of pTkGg x'G5 .
xfd|f] aGwgnfO{ xfdL cfkm}F tf]8\g lbFb}gf}F . cf;lQmaf6 pTkGg /fu ¿k /hf]u'0fn] hLjfTdfnfO{ sd{ /
To;sf] kmnsf] cf;lQmn] afFW5 . >Ls[i0f ;Œj u'0fnfO{ klg cf;lQm / 1fgsf] cledfg eGg'x'G5 .
pxfF ;Œju'0fLnfO{ ;'v / 1fgsf] cxª\sf/n] afFW5 eGg'x'G5 . ;fw' / kfl08Ton] el/Psf] JolQm ;Œj
u'0faf6 afFlwPsf] x'G5 / p;sf] cfsfª\Iff :ju{sf] ;'vsf] x'G5 . :ju{ klg aGwg g} x'Fbf b]jtfx¿
klg d'Qm 5}gg\ . ;Œjn] b]jTj;Dd nfg t ;S5 t/ Tof] klg ;'Gb/td ;'gsf] 8f]/L g} xf] . ;'v
zflGtsf] cfsfª\IfL ;Œjaf6 d'Qm x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] ;Œjn] ;'v lbG5 / h;n] ;'v lbG5 To;;Fu
xfdL afFlwG5f}F .
dgdf cf;lQm eP/ csf]{ JolQmdf cfˆgf] ;'vsf nflu lge{/ x'g] JolQm cf;lQm / sfdgfaf6
afFlwG5 . sfdgf / cf;lQmaf6 h] pTkGg x'G5 Tof] /hf]u'0f xf] . o;n] hLjfTdfnfO{ sd{ /
sd{kmnsf] cf;lQmaf6 afFW5 . cf;lQm aGwg xf] h;df dg'io JolQm jf j:t';Fu afFlwPsf] x'G5 .
sf]xL wgdf, sf]xL kTgL jf k'qdf afFlwPsf] x'G5 . cf;lQmdf x'g] JolQm :jtGq geO{ k/tGq x'G5 .
kmnsf] cf;lQmn] ubf{ o:tf] JolQmnfO{ sd{df s'g} /; x'Fb}g . o:tf] JolQm eljiosf lglDt afFRb5 /
kmn kfPkl5 k'gM csf]{ kmnsf] cfsfª\IfL x'G5 . kmn xfd|f] xftdf geO{ k/dfTdfsf] xftdf x'G5 .
efUo, kl/j]z, dfWod / Ifdtfx¿ h:tf xhf/f}F sf/0fdf kmn lge{/ x'G5 . oxfF cgGt JolQmx¿ /
cgGt sf/0fx¿ sfd ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . kmnfsfª\IfL hlxn] klg b''MvL x'G5 / kmn kfpFbf klg pm
;Gt'i6 x'Fb}g . oxL l:yltnfO{ l7s;Fu a'‰g ;s]df s[i0fn] eGg'eP h:tf] kmn eujfg\sf] xftdf dfq
x'G5 eGg] s'/f a'‰g ;lsG5 . kmnk|flKtsf cg]s sf/0fx¿dWo] k|d'v sf/0f / cgGt sf/0fx¿sf]

nf]suLtf– 573
cWofo–!$
hf]8 efUo jf eujfg\ xf] . kmn k/dfTdfsf] xftdf x'g] x'Fbf xfdL c;xfo 5f}F / s]xL klg ug{
;Sb}gf}F .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] kmnsf] cf;lQm /hf]u'0fsf] :jefj xf] / x] ch{'g Û ;j{b]x
cledfgLx¿nfO{ df]lxt kfg]{jfnf tdf]u'0fnfO{ c1fgn] pTkGg ePsf] hfg . To;n] of] hLjfTdfnfO{
k|dfb, cfn:o / lg›fåf/f afFWb5 . ;Œj u'0fn] 1fg / ;'våf/f, /hf] u'0fn] cf;lQm / kmnsf]
cfsfª\Iffåf/f / tdf] u'0fn] c1fg, d"R5f{, k|dfb / cN5Lkgåf/f afFW5 . d"R5f{sf] efj, ljgf ;fjwfgL
sd{ ug{' / u/]sf] sd{sf] 1fg gx'g' k|dfb xf] . k|dfbdf tdsf oL ;a} /; n's]sf x'G5g\ . vfgf
vfFbf xfd|f] xft t :jrflnt x'G5 t/ xfd|f] dg cs}{ b'lgofFdf ljr/0f ul//x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] xfd|f]
xft a]xf];Ld} d'v;Dd k'U5 . a'4n] eGg'ePsf] 5– k|To]s sd{ ubf{ ToxL s'/fdf r]tgf x'g' g} ;fwgf
xf]≤ To;}n] ltdL x/]s sd{ xf];k"j{s u/ . ltd|f] Zjf; leq / aflx/ hfFbf klg xf];k"0f{ xf];\ . a'4sf]
;f/f ;fwgf Zjf; leq aflx/ hfg] k|lqmof cfgfkfgf ;tL of]udf lge{/ 5 . Dofgdf/df o;nfO{
ljkf;gf elgG5 .
xfdL x/]s lqmof a]xf];L jf ;Ddf]xgdf oGqjt\ ub{5f}F . oxL oflGqs k|dfb, lg›f / cN5Lkgf
tdsf] cfwf/lznf xf] . >Ls[i0f ha xfdL ;'T5f}F, ta klg of]uL ;'Tb}gg\ eGg'x'G5 . xfdL t p7\bf
klg lg›fd} x'G5f}F . of]uL tdf] u'0faf6 d'Qmk|foM cj:yfdf x'g] x'Fbf p;df k|dfb x'Fb}g . lj>fd ubf{
klg leqsf] s'g} tŒj hfu[t g} x'G5 . o; :df/0fk"j{s hfu[t cj:yfnfO{ gfgs, sla/n] ;'/lt
eg]sf 5g\ . ;a} b]xfledfgLx¿nfO{ df]lxt ug]{jfnf tdf]u'0f c1fgaf6 pTkGg x'G5 . c1fgsf] cy{
hfgsf/Lsf] sdL geO{ cfTd–c1fg xf] . cfkm"nfO{ ghfGg] JolQm hfu[t x'g ;Sb}g . hf] hlt hfu[t
x'G5, Tolt g} :jod\nfO{ lrGb5 / k/d hfu/0fdf cfTd1fg kmlnt x'G5 . tdf]u'0f c1fg, /hf]u'0f
cf;lQm / ;Œju'0f ;"Id cledfg xf] . oL tLg} u'0fx¿ aGwg x'g\ lsgeg] ;Œju'0fn] ;'vdf,
/hf]u'0fn] sd{df / tdf]u'0fn] 1fgnfO{ 9fs]/ k|dfbdf nufpF5 . o; hut\\df tLg k|sf/sf JolQmx¿
x'G5g\ / ;a}leq tLg} u'0f JofKt x'G5g\ ltgdf s]jn dfqfsf] km/s x'G5 . s;}sf] leq ;Œj u'0f
k|d'v eO{ cGo b'O{ u'0f cf]em]n k/]/ lylrPsf x'G5g\ .
h;nfO{ zflGt, ;'v / 1fgsf] vf]h x'G5, To:tf] ;Œju'0fL JolQmsf] /h / td u'0f klg
zflGt, ;'v / 1fgsf] vf]hdf x'G5 . /hdf x'g] sd{7tfsf] zlQmnfO{ To:tf] JolQmn] 1fg / ;'vsf]
vf]hdf nufpF5 . p;leq /x]sf] td klg 1fg / ;'vsf] vf]hLdf nfU5 . To:t} tdf]u'0f k|d'v ePsf]
JolQm cfkm";Fu ePsf] a'l4 cfn:o k|dfl0ft ug{df nufpF5 / ts{af6 sd{ ug{'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo
g/x]sf] k'li6 ug{ vf]H5 . p;;Fu /x]sf] /hf]u'0fsf] pmhf{–zlQmnfO{ sd{ aGg g;Sg] u/L lgof]lht
u5{ . o:tf JolQmn] ug]{ lqmofx¿n] yk cfn:odf n}hfG5g\ t/ /hf]u'0f k|d'v ePsf] JolQm cfˆgf]
;f/f r]tgf / zlQmnfO{ bf}8w'kdf nufpF5 . p;sf nflu lqmof g} k|d'v x'G5 . pm lqmof gu/L l:y/
a:g ;Sb}g / lj>fddf klg dl:tisaf6 lqmofx¿ ul//xG5 . /fhgLlts JolQmx¿ /hf]u'0fL x'G5g\
lsgeg] gfd / k|lti7fsf nflu pgLx¿ h] ug{ klg tTk/ x'G5g\ .
dgf]j}1flgsx¿ eG5g\– lx6n/ ;fgf] x'Fbf k]G6/ x'g rfxGy]≤ To;}n] pgL lrqx¿ agfpFy] .
pgn] lrqsf/ aGgsf nflu s}og\ ;+:yfgx¿ rxfbf{ klg lg/fz eP/ kmls{g'k¥of] . s'g} k|lti7fgdf
pgsf] etL{ ePsf] eP pgL ;fob lrqsf/ aGg] lyP . oxL c;kmntfn] pgnfO{ 3f]lr/Xof] /
cfkm"nfO{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ sf]l;;n] g} Oltxf;df cfh Ps qm"/ zf;ssf] ¿kdf b'lgofF /Ëfpg] u/L
lrlqt ug{ ;kmn eP . pgsf] lrqsnf / ;ËLtk|ltsf] k|]d ;b}j sfod /Xof] t/ pgsf] /hf]u'0fsf]
;f/f zlQm lrqsf/ aGg] åf/af6 lkmtf{ eO{ /fhgLltdf lgof]lht eof] . JolQmdf ePsf k|d'v u'0fsf

nf]suLtf– 574
 cWofo–!$
k5fl8 afFsL u'0fx¿ :jtM nfU5g\ . JolQmnfO{ ;'v, sd{ / k|dfbdf nufpg] oL tLg} u'0faf6 aflx/
x'g ;s]sf] cj:yf g} u'0fftLt / k/d l;l4sf] cj:yf xf] .
/h:tdZrflee"o ;Œj+ ejlt ef/t .
/hM ;Œj+ tdZr}j tdM ;Œj+ /h:tyf ..!)..
x] ch{'g Û /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0fnfO{ bafpFbf ;Œju'0f a9\5, /hf]u'0f / ;Œju'0fnfO{ bafpFbf
tdf]u'0f a9\5 / ;Œju'0f / tdf]u'0f bafpFbf /hf]u'0f a9\5 ..
;j{åf/]if' b]x]˜l:dGk|sfz pkhfot] .
1fg+ obf tbf ljBflåj[4+ ;ŒjldTo't ..!!..
o;sf/0f h'g sfndf of] z/L/df, cGt:s/0fdf / OlG›odf r]tgtf / ljj]szlQm pTkGg
x'G5 To; sfndf ;Œju'0f a9]sf] 5 egL hfGg" ..
nf]eM k|j[lQ/f/DeM sd{0ffdzdM :k[xf .
/h:o]tflg hfoGt] ljj[4] e/tif{e ..!@..
x] ch{'g Û /hf]u'0f a9\gfn] nf]e k|j[lQ, ;f+;fl/s r]i6f tyf ;a} sd{df :jfy{a'l4 k|f/De x'G5
Pjd\ czflGt tyf dgsf] r~rntf / ljifoef]ux¿df nfn;f pTkGg x'G5 ..
;Œju'0fsf] nIf0f r]tgtf xf] . JolQm xf];n] el/Fbf ;Œju'0f a9]sf] x'G5 . pm hlt xf];k"0f{
x'G5 Tolt g} z'e x'G5 . h'g;'s} sfd ubf{ klg hfu[ltk"j{s ug{ ;lsG5 eg] ;Œju'0f a9]sf]
hfGg'k5{ . /fd|f] sfd u/]df JolQm ;flŒjs x'G5 egL wfld{s JolQmx¿ eGb5g\ t/ >Ls[i0f /fd|f]
sfdsf] s'/} ug{'x'Gg s]jn xf];k"j{s /xg' g} ;flŒjs JolQmsf] nIf0f xf] eGg'x'G5 . sd{ ubf{ klg
xf];k"j{s ul/Pg eg] To:tf] JolQm ;flŒjs x'Fb}g . vfnL g} a:bf klg leq xf];n] el/Psf] 5 eg]
To:tf] JolQm ;flŒjs x'G5 . /fd|f] sfdaf6 ;flŒjstf cfpFb}g ;flŒjstfaf6 /fd|f] sfd x'G5 . hf]
JolQm hlt hfu]sf] x'G5 Tolt g} k|]dk"0f{, s?0ffdo / c¿sf] b'vdf ;xfotfsf nflu tTk/ x'G5 . of]
;]jfefj p;sf] hfu?stfaf6 hlGdG5 .
;]jf ug{' ;flŒjstf xf] eg]/ s]xL JolQmx¿n] hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 t/ ;]jf wd{ xf]Og, wd{
;]jf xf] . wfld{s JolQmaf6 t ;]jf :jtM 3l6t x'G5 . hf] JolQm leqaf6 hlt ;r]tg x'G5 plt
p;n] u/]sf] ;a} sd{ z'e x'G5 . wd{nfO{ pknAw x'g] JolQmaf6 sNof0f kmlnt x'G5 . olb cGtd{'vL
JolQmnfO{ ;To pknAw eof] eg] pm df}g, zfGt x'G5 / s]jn p;sf] pkl:yltaf6 g} sfd x'G5 .
o:tf] JolQmsf] k|efj ck|ToIf eP klg uxg / b"/ufdL x'G5 . alx{d'vL JolQm ;ŒjnfO{ pknAw eof]
eg] p;sf] k|efj lj:tL0f{ Pjd\ :y"n x'G5 / w]/} JolQmx¿sf] ;]jf p;af6 k|ToIf x'G5 t/ Tof]
b"/ufdL / ulx/f] x'Fb}g . ;Œjsf] hGd;Fu} z'e cfr/0f cfkm}F cfpF5 . x] ch{'g Û /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0fsf]
;Gt'ng ePdf ;Œju'0f hlGdG5 . oL tLg} u'0f ;a}sf] leq /x]sf] x'G5 / s'g} u'0f klg aflx/af6
Nofpg'kb}{g . oL tLg}j6f u'0fdf sfd ug]{ pmhf{ klg leq Pp6} x'G5 .
ljgf;fwgf afFRg] JolQmsf] s'g u'0faf6 pmhf{ aU5 eGg] ;DaGwdf kl/l:yltn] lg0f{o u5{
lsgeg] JolQm k|ltkn abln/xG5 . lbgel/df slxn] pm tdf]u'0fL, slxn] /hf]u'0fL / slxn]
;Œju'0fLdf kl/jt{g eO/xG5 . of] kl/jt{gsf] lgwf{/s eg] kl/l:ylt x'G5 . 3/df cfuf] nfu]sf]
va/n] tdf]u'0fL JolQm klg /hf]u'0fLdf ablnG5 . g/fd|f] JolQmnfO{ klg k6s k6s wfld{s elgof]
eg] Tof] kl/l:yltdf ;Œju'0fsf] wf/f¿kL pmhf{ p;df aUg yfN5 / ;Œjsf] hGd x'g ;S5 .
aflx/sf] kl/l:yltn] xfdLnfO{ rf}la;} 306f rnfO/x]sf] x'G5 . xfdL k"/f ;do kl/jt{g eO/x]sf
5f}F . To;}n] xfdL /fd|f] dflg;sf] ;+;u{df /fd|f], g/fd|f]sf] ;+;u{df g/fd|f], ;lqmo;Fu ;lqmo /
cN5L;Fu dxfcN5L x'G5f}F .

nf]suLtf– 575
cWofo–!$
x/]s kl/jt{gsf k5fl8 kl/l:ylts} e"ldsf x'G5 / xfdL To;}cg';f/ ;dflxt x'g yfN5f}F .
dgn] ug]{ cg's/0f klg kl/l:yltn] ubf{ g} x'G5 . JolQm Pp6} u'0fdf /xg} ;Sb}g . To;}n] dlGb/df
;Œjsf] xfjf pTkGg ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf] x'G5 . lbge/ tdf]u'0fL / /hf]u'0fL klg s]xL ;do dlGb/df
JotLt ubf{ p;df ;Œjsf] xfjf pTkGg x'G5 / p;sf] pmhf{ ;Œjaf6 jxg ;''? x'G5 . ;t\;Ësf] cy{
oxL xf]– hxfF s]xL a]/ ;Œjsf] xfjfdf xfd|f] pmhf{ klg k|efljt eP/ aUg yfN5 . o;df /; a:of]
eg] la:tf/} hLjg klg ;Œjlt/ aUg ;'? x'G5 / JolQmx¿df ¿kfGt/0f x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 t/ of]
kl/l:yltn] dfq 36\g] x'Fbf o;sf] w]/} d"No x'Fb}g . jf:tljs d"No ha xfdL cfˆgf] dflns x'G5f}F, ta
dfq x'G5 . le8sf] k|efjaf6 cfkm"nfO{ cnu /fVg ;Sg] JolQm cfˆgf] dflns eP/ cfTdjfg\ x'G5 .
x] ch{'g Û /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0fnfO{ bafP/ ;Œj u'0f pTkGg x'G5 . To;}n] olb leq ;Œj u'0f hGdfpg'
5 eg] /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0fsf] Joy{sf] ;lqmotf / cN5Lkgfsf j[lQx¿nfO{ cjnf]sg ug{'k5{ .
lj>fdaf6 z/L/df :km"lt{ cfO{ dg k|km'lNnt x'G5 . lj>fd >dsf] tof/L xf] . >dåf/f k|fKt ysfO,
:gfo'sf] v/faL, 6'lqmPsf] hLjsf]i7 lj>fdaf6 k'gM hLljt x'G5g\ . To;}n] lj>fd >dsf lglDt
cToGt} h?/L x'G5 . lj>fdkl5 klg olb JolQm >dsf nflu tof/ ePg eg] Tof] cN5Lkg xf] .
JolQmnfO{ l7s >dkZrft\ lj>fd clgjfo{ x'G5 .
;Œju'0f hGdfpg /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0fnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg'k5{ . tdf]u'0fsf] pkof]u Tolt g}
ug{'k5{ h;af6 cfjZos lj>fd ldnf];\ / cN5Lkg pTkGg gxf];\ . /hf]u'0fsf] pkof]u klg Tolt g}
ug{'k5{ h;af6 hLjg rNg ;lhnf] xf];\ t/ nf]e pTkGg gxf];\ ta JolQmdf ;Œjsf] k|lqmof ;'?
x'G5 . /hf]u'0f / tdf]u'0f bafP/ ;Œj pTkGg ug{'sf] cy{ oxL xf] . /hf]u'0f / ;Œju'0fnfO{ bafPdf
tdf]u'0f a9\5 / tdf]u'0f / ;Œju'0f bafPdf /hf]u'0f a9\5 . b'O{ u'0f bafpFbf t];|f] u'0f :jtM a9\5 .
t;y{ a9\g] u'0fnfO{ 5f8]/ afFsL b'O{ u'0f bafpg ;'? ug{'k5{ . xfdL k|foM ;Œju'0f, /fd|f] / z'enfO{
bafpF5f}F . To;}n] ;Œjdf plqg] / z'e tyf zfGt x'g] df}sf kfpFbf klg To;af6 r'S5f}F . xfdL ;b}j
s'g} g s'g} sfo{ ul//xG5f}F / zfGt a:g ;Sb}gf}F . xfd|f] pmhf{ tdf]u'0f jf /hf]u'0ftkm{ b'O{ lx:;fdf
aUb5 . Pp6faf6 arfpFbf csf]{ åf/af6 aUg] x'Fbf b'j}af6 arfpg] k|of;kZrft\ dfq t];|f] åf/
v'Nb5 / ;Œju'0fsf] em/gf km'6\b5 . s[i0fsf] of] Ps ;"qdf hfkfgL h}g kmls/x¿sf] ;f/f ;fwgfsf]
;"q 5 . h}gx¿sf] klxnf] ;fwgfdf g} a:g] snf l;sfOG5 . pgLx¿nfO{ ;fwgfdf a:bf a;fOFel/
;lqmotf / lg›faf6 jl~rt ul/G5 . clqmof / lg›fljxLgtfsf] cj:yfdf r]tgf hf] ultjfg\ pmhf{
xf] Tof] sd{ klg aGg kfpFb}g / lg›f klg aGg kfpFb}g≤ To;}n] Tof] xf]; / Wofg aG5 .
h'g sfndf b]x, cGt:s/0f tyf OlG›ox¿df r]tgf / af]wzlQm pTkGg x'G5, To; sfndf
;Œju'0f a9]sf] hfGg'k5{ . /hf]u'0f a9\gfn] nf]e k|j[lQ, ;f+;fl/s r]i6f, czflGt, dgsf] r~rntf,
ljifoef]ux¿sf] nfn;f tyf ;a} sd{x¿ :jfy{a'l4af6 pTkGg x'G5g\ . of] /hf]u'0fsf] nIf0f xf] .
;Œju'0fsf] nIf0f af]w cyf{t\ hfu?stf xf] / /hf]u'0fsf nIf0f nf]e, ;f+;fl/s r]i6f, cfkm"nfO{ nfe
k|fKt xf];\ eGg] cfsfª\Iff / o:t} k|sf/sf sd{df plqg] j[lQ, czflGt, dgsf] r~rntf /
ljifoef]ux¿sf nfn;f x'g\ . /hf]u'0faf6 cnu x'g oL ;a}af6 5'6\g h?/L x'G5 . 5'6\g'sf] cy{
logLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u glbg' xf] . nf]e p7] klg ;xof]u gu/L ;fIfL efjn] x]l/ dfq /xg'k5{ t/ xfd|f]
dg levf/L h:tf] x'Fbf nf]e g} p;sf] :jefj x'G5 . nf]en] czflGt / r~rntf a9\b5 . t;y{
nf]enfO{ ;xof]u ubf{ /hf]u'0f :jtM a9\5 . /hf]u'0fn] oL ;f/f j[lQx¿nfO{ hGd lbG5 / nf]en]
cGtdf ljlIfKt agfpF5 . tdf]u'0f k"/f a9]df d[To' / ;Œju'0f k"/f a9]df ;dflw clGtd kmn x'G5 .
tG›f d[To'sf] k|f/lDes r/0f xf] . tdf]u'0f g} d[To'sf] cflv/L kl/0ffd xf] . hlt nf]e a9fof] plt g}
ljlIfKttf k|fKt x'G5 . tdf]u'0f / /hf]u'0fnfO{ bafO{ of ;xof]u gu/L oL b'j}af6 cnu x'g ;Sof}F eg]

nf]suLtf– 576
 cWofo–!$
xfdLleq ;Œju'0fsf] pbo x'G5 h;n] dxf;'v, zflGt, z'e / Wofgdf n}hfG5 . ;Œj u'0fsf] klg kf/
p7\g ;s]sf] If0f xfdL cfˆgf] :jefjdf k'U5f}F . h;nfO{ u'0fftLt elgG5 .
ck|sfzf]˜k|j[lQZr k|dfbf] df]x Pj r .
td:o]tflg hfoGt] ljj[4] s'?gGbg ..!#..
x] ch{'g Û tdf]u'0f a9]df cGt:s/0f / OlG›ox¿df ck|sfz, st{Jo sd{df ck|j[lQ / k|dfb,
Joy{ r]i6f / lgb|flb h:tf cGt:s/0fsf df]lxgL j[lQx¿ pTkGg x'G5g\ ..
obf ;Œj] k|j[4] t' k|no+ oflt b]xe[t\ .
tbf]Qdljbf+ nf]sfgdnfGk|ltkBt] ..!$..
olb s'g} JolQmdf ;Œju'0fsf] j[l4 ePsf avt d[To' eof] eg] p;n] pQd sd{ ug]{x¿sf]
lgd{n :ju{nf]snfO{ k|fKt u5{ ..
/hl; k|no+ uTjf sd{;lËif' hfot] .
tyf k|nLg:tdl; d"9of]lgif' hfot] ..!%..
ha s'g} dg'io /hf]u'0fsf] j[l4 ePsf] a]nf d[To'nfO{ k|fKt u5{ eg] pm ;sfd sd{ ug]{ dg'iodf
pTkGg x'G5 / tdf]u'0f j[l4 ePsf a]nf d[To'nfO{ k|fKt u5{ eg] pm d"9 tyf lgDg of]lgdf pTkGg
x'G5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û tdf]u'0f a9]df cGt:s/0f / OlG›ox¿df ck|sfz Pjd\ st{Jo
sd{df ck|j[lQ, k|dfb / lg›f tyf cGt:s/0fsf df]lxgL j[lQx¿ pTkGg x'G5g\ . ha of] hLjfTdfsf]
;Œju'0fsf] k|j[lQdf d[To' x'G5, ta pm pQd sd{ ug]{x¿sf] dn/lxt lbJo :ju{nf]snfO{ k|fKt u5{ .
/hf]u'0f a9]sf] l:yltdf d[To' ePdf sd{x¿k|lt cf;Qm ePsf] ;sfdL dg'iosf] of]lgdf pTkGg x'G5
/ tdf]u'0f a9]sf] l:yltdf d[To' ePdf JolQm d"9 of]lgdf pTkGg x'G5 . >Ls[i0f PsPs u'0fsf af/]df
eGb} x'g'x'G5 . tdf]u'0fsf] j[l4n] hLjg k|sfz/lxt / cGwsf/do x'G5 . leq k/d Hof]lt an] klg
td;\\af6 3]l/Psf] JolQmn] cGwsf/ dfq k|fKt u5{ / o:tf] JolQmn] o;af6 5'6sf/f kfpg klg
;Sb}g . hlt tdf]u'0f a9\5, plt cGwsf/ JofKt x'G5 . s'g} JolQm dlGb/df td;\\ dg lnP/ hfFbf
cGwsf/n] 3]l/Psf] x'G5 / p;nfO{ k|sfzsf] hfgsf/L g} x'Fb}g . ;Œj hufP/ dfq dlGb/ hfg' ;fy{s
x'G5 lsgeg] ;Œj hfUof] eg] k|fy{gf ug{ ;lhnf] x'g'sf ;fy} cfFvf aGb ubf{ klg leq dw'/ k|sfz
b]lvG5 . dg qmf]wn] el/Psf avt cfFvf aGb ubf{ leq uxg cGwsf/ b]lvG5 .
tdf]u'0fsf] j[l4n] cGt:s/0f / OlG›ox¿df ck|sfz / cGwsf/} cGwsf/sf] af]w dfq x'G5 .
z/L/df klg af]em xfaL eO{ ef/Lkgsf] cg'ej x'G5 . ;Œju'0fsf] j[l4n] z/L/ cfnf]lst / xNsf x'G5
clg ef/ sd eP h:tf] / z/L/ e'OFaf6 p7] h:tf] k|tLt x'G5 . of]usf l;l4x¿df JolQm hldgaf6
dfly p7\g] ;DaGwdf pNn]v 5 . xNsfkg t ;Œju'0fdf :jtM nfUg yfN5 . OlG›o / cGt:s/0f
tdf]u'0fsf sf/0f ck|sfzn] el/G5 / st{Jo sd{df ck|j[lQ k}bf x'G5 . ug{'kg]{ h?/L sd{ g} st{Jo
sd{ xf] . 3/df sf]xL la/fdL x'Fbf cf}ifwL Nofpg' st{Jo sd{ xf] . td;\\n] el/Psf] JolQmn] cf}ifwL
Nofpg cN5Lkgsf sf/0f cg]s axfgf / pkfo ;f]Rb5 / cfkm" aRgsf nflu efUonfO{ cf/f]lkt u5{
/ efUodf h] x'g' 5 ToxL x'G5 cf}iflwn] s] ug{ ;S5 eGg] h:tf ts{ u/]/ axfgf vf]H5 . efUosf]
cy{ d]/f] xftdf s]xL 5}g / d}n] u/]/ s]xL x'Fb}g clg of] ;a} lj/f6sf] v]n xf], d o;df 5}g eg]/
;f]Rg] JolQm g} efUojfbL / wfld{s x'G5 . efUosf] cy{ d 5}g s]jn a|Xd dfq 5 eGg] dfGg' xf] .
tfd;L JolQm cfˆgf] cN5Lkg / gu/]sf] st{Jo sd{sf nflu efUosf] ;xf/f lng vf]H5 . pm s]jn

nf]suLtf– 577
cWofo–!$
st{Jo sd{ dfq 5f]8\5 . olb 3/df cfuf] nfUof] eGof] eg] ;a}eGbf klxnf pm g} 3/af6 efU5 /
o;df pm efUojfbL x'Fb}g . efUosf] ;xf/fn] pm cfˆgf] cN5Lkg n'sfpF5 . o:tf] tfd;L JolQm
st{Jo sd{af6 efU5 t/ jf;gf x'g] sd{af6 eg] efUb}g . efUos} ;xf/fdf p;n] cfˆgf] cfn:onfO{
n'sfpF5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ha td;\\ a9\5, ta dgdf ck|sfz 3gLe"t ¿kdf j[l4 x'G5 / st{Jo
sd{df k|dfb / ck|j[lQ pTkGg x'G5 . lg›f / cGt:s/0fsf df]lxgL j[lQx¿ pTkGg x'G5g\ . tfd;L
JolQm x/]s sfd a]xf];L / lg›f h:tf] cj:yfdf u5{ . wfld{s ;efdf cTolws tfd;L JolQmx¿
;'lt/x]sf x'G5g\ . sltko lrlsT;sx¿ lg›f gk/] wfld{s ;efdf hfg' eGb5g\ . tfd;L JolQmdf
;a}lt/af6 k|dfbn] 3]b{5 t;y{ df]lxgL j[lQsf] pbo x'G5 . a]xf];L a9fpg] j[lQdf dg nfUg' g}
df]lxgLj[lQ xf] . o:tf JolQmnfO{ dfbskbfy{, gfrufg, ;ËLt, sfdjf;gf hxfF hfu/0fsf]
cfjZostf x'Fb}g To;tkm{ g} hfg] OR5f k|jflxt x'G5 .
hLjgdf sdfPsf] s'/f d[To'sf] If0fdf ;a} lgrf]8sf] ¿kdf k|fKt x'G5 . hLjge/ td;\\n]
el/Psf] JolQmsf] d[To' klg a]xf];Ld} x'G5 . clwstd JolQm dg{'cl3 a]xf]; g} x'G5g\ / d[To' k|foM
xf];df 36\b}g . xf];df gafFRg] JolQm xf];df dg{ klg ;Sb}g . ;flŒjs JolQm d[To'sf] a]nf xf];n]
el/Psf] x'G5≤ t;y{ p;n] d[To' klg b]Vg ;S5 . d[To' b]Vg ;Sg] x'gfn] p;n] cd[t k|fKt u5{≤ of]
;flŒjs JolQmsf] nIf0f xf] . /hf]u'0f ePsf] JolQm d[To'sf] ;do klg hLjgsf af/]df g} ;f]Rb5 .
hlt sfd u/] klg jf;gfsf] s'g} cGt x'Fb}g . /fh;L JolQm jf;gfnfO{ k"0f{ lj/fd lbP/ dg{ ;Sb}g,
s]xL g s]xL jf;gf z]if g} /xG5 . tdf]u'0fn] el/Psf] JolQm d/0fsf] If0f a]xf]; x'G5 . /hf]u'0fn]
el/Psf] JolQm dg]{ If0f;Dd klg lqmofx¿ hf/L /fVb5 eg] ;Œju'0fn] el/Psf] JolQm clGtd If0fdf
zfGt ¿kdf xf];k"j{s db{5 . oL tLg}j6f u'0fsf] kl/0ffd o;kl5 cfpg]jfnf hLjgdf klg x'G5 .
hf] ;Œj u'0fsf] l:yltdf d[To'nfO{ pknAw x'G5, To:tf JolQm lbJo :juf{lb nf]sdf k/d ;'vsf]
cj:yfdf k|j]z u5{g\ . of] ;'vsf] clGtd cj:yf xf] t/ cfgGbsf] cj:yf eg] xf]Og . ;'v Ps
sdfO xf], h'g ;dfKt ePkl5 k'gM lkmtf{ x'g'k5{ . ;'v;Fu b'v hf]l8Psf] x'G5 t/ cfgGb clGtd
cj:yf xf] / cfgGb;Fu c¿ s]xL hf]l8Psf] x'Fb}g . cfgGbsf] cj:yf zfZjt x'G5 . o:tf] clGtd
cj:yf x'Fbf cfgGbdf hf] k|lji6 u5{ p;sf] km]l/ k'g/fudg x'Fb}g . h;n] hLjge/ xf];nfO{ lgld{t
u/]sf] x'G5 To:tf] JolQmn] :ju{sf] ef]u d[To'kZrft\ klg ub{5 .
/hf]u'0f ePsf] JolQmsf] d[To' ePdf sd{sf] cf;lQm ePsf] k'?if eP/ hGd lnG5 . d[To'sf]
If0f klg /hf]u'0f a9L ePsf] JolQmn] of]hgf g} agfO/xg] x'Fbf o:tf] JolQm d[To'kZrft\ klg sd{k|lt
cf;lQm ePsf] dg'io eP/ hGd lnG5 . pgLx¿ wg, kb, k|lti7fsf nflu bf}l8/x]sf x'G5g\ . s]xL
gu/Lsg ga:g] o:tf JolQmx¿df ;Gtf]if x'Fb}g . /hf]u'0fL JolQm o:t} bf}8df /x]/} d[To' k|fKt ub{5g\ .
/hf]u'0fL k|j[lQsf dg'io s]xL gu/L l:y/ /xg ;Sb}gg\ . k'?if w]/}h;f] /hf]u'0f k|wfg / :qL tdf]u'0f
k|wfg x'G5g\ . d[To'sf] If0fdf xfdL cfˆgf] gofF hGd lglZrt u5f}{+ . h'g u'0f clGtd If0fdf ;3g
x'G5, ToxL u'0f cg';f/sf] hGd k|fKt x'G5 . /hf]u'0fn] el/Psf] JolQm ljlIfKt eP/ sd{df bf}8g
rfxG5 / p;df cxª\sf/ k|s6 ¿kdf b]lvG5 . d[To'sf] ;dodf tdf]u'0f a9L x'g] dg'io d"9 of]lgdf
hGd k|fKt u5{g\ . uLtfsf cg]s JofVofsf/n] d"9 of]lgsf] cy{ kz'of]lg eg]/ unt JofVof u/]sf
5g\ . hut\\df kmls{P/ tn emg]{ s'g} Joj:yf x'Fb}g . dg'iosf] l:yltdf Ps k6s cfPkl5 k'gM kz'
of]lg k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] r]tgf slxNo} k5fl8 kmls{+b}g . /f]lsP/ cufl8 ga9\g jf cj?4 x'g
;S5 t/ k5fl8 kms{g ;Sb}g .

nf]suLtf– 578
 cWofo–!$
dg'iox¿df lgDg:t/sf] cj:yf g} d"9 of]lg xf] . dgf]j}1flgsx¿ kfFr k|ltzt aRrfx¿ d"9
x'G5g\ h;df a'l4, s]xL ug]{ efj / hLjg/Iff ug]{;Dd ;fdYo{ x'Fb}g eGb5g\ . logLx¿nfO{ 3/df
cfuf] g} nfUbf klg efUg'k5{ eGg] kQf] x'Fb}g . dgf]j}1flgsx¿ o;nfO{ Ol8of];L eGb5g\ eg] >Ls[i0f
o;nfO{ d"9 eGg'x'G5 . d"9 of]lgsf] cy{ kz' xf]Og lsgeg] kz' d"9 x'Fb}gg\ s]jn dg'io dfq d"9
x'G5g\ . ;Œjk|wfg JolQmx¿ klg kfFr k|ltzt g} x'G5g\ . dgf]j}1flgsx¿ klg kfFr k|ltzt
JolQmx¿ k|ltefzfnL x'G5g\ eGb5g\ . j}1flgs, ;flxTosf/, bfz{lgs, ;Gth:tf JolQmx¿nfO{
k|ltefzfnL JolQm elgG5 . afFsL gAa] k|ltzt JolQm dWojtL{ x'G5g\ h;df d"9tf / a'l4dQf b'j}
;Ddlnt x'G5 . o:tf ax';ª\Vos JolQmx¿ oL b'j}sf ld>0f x'g\ . ;Œjs} sf/0f tL kfFr k|ltzt
JolQm k|ltefn] el/Psf x'G5g\ . k|ltef ;'vsf] ;"Id cg'e"lt xf] . k|ltef ;DkGg x'g' :ju{df x'g'
h:t} xf] . kfFr k|ltzt d"9 JolQmnfO{ vfg], p7\g] a:g] s]xL xf]; x'Fb}g . gAa] k|ltzt dWodfuL{
JolQmx¿ rfx]df k|ltefzfnL jf grfx]df d"9 klg x'g ;S5g\ . o;sf] lgwf{/0f ;Œj, /h / tddWo]
s'g cj:yfdf d[To' ePsf] 5 To;}n] lgwf{/0f u5{ . dWojtL{ JolQmx¿ /hf]u'0f k|wfg w]/} x'G5g\ .
;Œju'0f k|wfg dflyNnf] :t/df x'G5g\ eg] tdf]u'0f k|wfg tNnf] :t/df x'G5g\ .
oL u'0fx¿sf] Joj:yf kl/jt{g ug]{ Ps dfq pkfo xfdLn] cfkm"leq ePsf u'0fx¿sf]
tf/tDo ;dod} kl/jt{g ug{' xf] . hLjgsf cGtdf kl/jt{g u5{' eg]/ ljrf/ ug{' Joy{ x'G5 lsgeg]
clGtd ;dodf s'g} JolQm hLjge/ u/]eGbf leGg ug{ ;Sb}g / kl/jt{g x'g klg ;Sb}g . hLjge/
u/]sf] lgrf]8 clGtd ;dodf k|blz{t x'G5 . cfkm"n] h] sdfPsf] 5, ToxL cGtdf k|fKt x'G5 . xfdL
h] sdfpF5f}F, To:t} d[To' lsG5f}F of k|fKt u5f}{+ . h:tf] d[To' x'G5 csf]{ hGd To:t} x'G5 . csf]{ gofF
hLjg o;d} lge{/ x'g] x'Fbf d[To' ;fy{s 36gf xf] .
sd{0fM ;'s[t:ofx'M ;flŒjs+ lgd{n+ kmnd\ .
/h;\:t' kmn+ b'Mvd1fg+ td;\M kmnd\ ..!^..
;flŒjs u'0fdf u/]sf] sd{sf] kmnnfO{ ;'v / 1fgo'Qm lgd{n kmn elgPsf] 5 eg] /hf]u0f'df
ul/Psf] sd{kmnnfO{ b'v elgPsf] 5 / tdf]u'0fdf u/]sf] sd{kmnnfO{ c1fg elgPsf] 5 ..
;ŒjfT;~hfot] 1fg+ /h;\f] nf]e Pj r .
k|dfbdf]xf} td;\f] ejtf]˜1fgd]j r ..!&..
;Œju'0faf6 1fg pTkGg x'G5, /hf]u'0faf6 lgM;Gb]x ¿kn] nf]e pTkGg x'G5 / tdf]u'0faf6
lglZrt ¿kn] k|dfb, df]x / c1fg g} pTkGg x'G5 ..
pmWj{+ uR5lGt ;Œj:yf dWo] lti7lGt /fh;fM .
h3Gou'0fj[lQ:yf cwf] uR5lGt tfd;fM ..!*..
;Œju'0fdf l:yt hLj :ju{sf] pRr nf]s hfG5g\, /hf]u'0fdf l:yt hLj dWodf k[YjL nf]sd}
/xG5g\ / tdf]u'0fdf l:yt hLj kz' cflb gLr of]lgdf gs{ hfG5g\ ..
;flŒjs sd{sf] kmn ;'v, 1fg / j}/fUo elgPsf] 5 . JolQmsf] kfunkg, ljlIfKttf / s]xL
ug]{ c7f]6af6 geP/ leqaf6 :jtM:km"t{ ¿kdf zfGt / df}gdf p7]sf] sd{ g} ;flŒjs sd{ xf] . s]xL
ug]{ c7f]6af6 ul/Psf] sd{ ;flŒjs xf]Og, ;flŒjs sd{ s?0ffk"j{s zfGt / cfgGbsf] efjaf6 ul/g]
sd{ xf] . s]xL gul//x]sf] vfnL cj:yfdf klg o:tf] ;flŒjs JolQm cfglGbt x'G5 . ;flŒjs sd{
af]em/lxt cj:yfdf zflGtaf6 lgl:sG5 / sd{ ug{'kbf{ c¿sf] nfe x'g] ePdf dfq sd{ x'G5 .
s;}sf] dËn / z'e x'g] sd{ g} ;flŒjs sd{ xf] . ;flŒjs sd{åf/f ;'vsf] pbo x'G5 . h'g sd{
JolQmsf] cfgGbaf6 lgl:sG5, ToxL sd{n] dfq ;'v k|bfg u5{ eg] cGo sf/0faf6 lg:sg] sd{n]

nf]suLtf– 579
cWofo–!$
;'v k|bfg ug{ ;Sb}g . x/]s sd{ ubf{ xfdL leqaf6 h'g efjn] u5f}{, ToxL k|fKt x'G5 . sd{ ubf{
xfdL leqaf6 ;'vL 5}gf}F eg] rfx]/ klg ;'vL x'g ;Sb}gf} . ;]jf ubf{ klg sf]xL JolQm b'vL 5 eg]
Tof] sd{ ;flŒjs geO{ /fh;L x'G5 .
/fh;L sd{ leqsf] b'vaf6 pTkGg x'g] x'Fbf o;af6 b'v g} k|fKt x'G5 . /fhgLlts
JolQmx¿af6 ;f/f lj/f6\ sd{ rn]sf] x'G5 t/ pgLx¿ sf]xL ;'vL x'Fb}gg\ . oqf] lj/f6\ sd{kl5 klg
;'v kmlnt x'Fb}g eg] o:tf] sd{sf] s]xL cf}lrTo xF'b}g . l;sGb/, g]kf]lnog, lx6n/, n]lgg, :6flng
;a} lj/f6\ sd{kZrft\ klg b'vL eP/} d[To'df k|fKt x'G5g\ . ;flŒjs sd{ leqsf] ;'vaf6 lgl:sg] x'Fbf
;'vsf] k|ltWjlg JolQmnfO{ g} lkmtf{ u5{ . of] ;f/f hut\\ Ps k|ltWjlg xf] . t;y{ xfdL h:tf] sd{
/f]K5f}F, To;s} xhf/ u'0ff eP/ lkmtf{ x'G5 . ;flŒjs sd{n] ;'vsf ;fy} 1fg klg NofpF5 . xfdLn]
;f]Rbf 1fg t u'? / zf:qaf6 kfpg'kg]{ xf] eGg] h:tf] nfU5 t/ >Ls[i0f ;flŒjs sd{n] 1fg NofpF5
eGg'x'G5 . ;flŒjs sd{ ubf{ JolQmdf zflGt, k|;Ggtf, k|km'Nntf, z'e / xNsfkg x'g] x'Fbf leq Ps
lgd{n efj lgdf{0f x'G5 . oxL lgbf]{iftfsf] l:yltdf xfdL cfk"mleq h'g z'4tf b]V5f}F, ToxL 1fg xf] .
:jod\nfO{ lrGg leq zflGt / df}gtf x'g'k5{ h'g ;flŒjstfaf6 pTkGg x'G5 . ;flŒjs JolQmn]
cfˆgf] jl/kl/ k|]d / ldqtfsf] lap 5g]{ x'Fbf pm eo/lxt / snx/lxt x'G5 . oxL cj:yfdf p;df
;xhefj pbo x'G5, h;n] w'jfF/lxt k|sfz;Fu kl/lrt u/fpF5 / JolQm cfTd ;fIffTsf/ ug{ ;kmn
x'G5 . To;}n] ;flŒjs JolQm ;'vL dfq xf]Og 1fgL klg x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f o;eGbf hl6n s'/f ;flŒjs JolQmnfO{ j}/fUo klg kmlnt x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . ;'v, 1fg
/ j}/fUo ;flŒjs sd{sf] kmn xf] . JolQm hlt ;flŒjs x'G5 plt g} /fu ;dfKt eP/ j}/fUo efj
pTkGg x'G5 . cfˆgf] ;'v c¿df lge{/ x'g' /fu xf] . ;'vnfO{ ;dft]/ /fVg] rfxgf g} /fu xf] t/
;flŒjs JolQm ;'vnfO{ ;dft]/ /fVb}g pm cfkm"leq /x]sf] ;'vsf] x/If0f cg'ej u5{ . ;flŒjs
JolQmsf] sd{df klg ;'vsf] jiff{ x'G5 / cfˆgf] ;'v cfkm}Fafx]s c¿df lge{/ 5}g eGg] p;nfO{
hfgsf/L x'G5 . of] 1ft x'gf;fy p;sf] /fu IfL0f x'G5 / j}/fUo a9\g yfN5 . To;}n] ;flŒjs
JolQmnfO{ j}/fUo kmlnt eP/ pm ;'vL x'G5 . wgL / ul/a JolQm b'j} wgsf sf/0fn] kLl8t x'G5g\ .
;'v Ps cfGtl/s ;Dkbf xf] hf] aflx/af6 slxNo} klg k|fKt x'Fb}g . of] xfd|f] leqL vf]haf6 dfq
k|fKt x'g ;S5 . ;'v xfd|f] hLjg Joj:yfdf lge{/ x'G5 . ;flŒjstf hLjgsf] Ps 9Ë xf] / o:tf]
;flŒjs JolQm x/]s kl/l:yltdf ;'vL x'G5g\ .
xfdLn] ;'v rflxof] eg] j}/fUo ;fWg' eGg] ;'g]sf 5f}F, h'g unt xf] . ;'vL JolQm ;w}F j}/fuL
x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;flŒjstfsf] ;fwgf eof] eg] To;sf] kmn j}/fUo x'G5 . 3/ 5f]8]/ JolQm
j}/fuL x'Fb}g . pm klxn] 3/af6 clg kl5 cf>daf6 b'vL x'G5 . b'vaf6 5'6\g] pkfo ;flŒjs x'g' xf]
h;af6 j}/fUo kmlnt x'G5 . h'g;'s} s'/f 5f]8\bf klg ;flŒjs JolQmsf nflu Tof] :jfefljs k|lqmof
x'G5 / To;df p;nfO{ ul/df af]w x'G5 . s'g} s'/f klg 5f]8\g' p;sf nflu ;'s]sf] kft ?vaf6 em/]
h:t} x'G5 . ;flŒjs JolQm klg ;'s]sf] kft h:tf] g} x'G5 . To;}n] h:tf];'s} s'/f 5f]8\bf klg
p;nfO{ s]xL km/s kb}{g . Tofu]sf] s'/fsf] ;Demgf ug]{ JolQm sfFrf] kft;/x j[Ifdf cfnf] 3fp 5f]8]
h:tf] cj:yfdf x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;flŒjs sd{sf] kmn j}/fUo xf] . h;n] z'e u5{, p;df
la:tf/} /fu IfL0f eP/ j}/fUo pbo x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– /fh; sd{sf] kmn b'v / tfd; sd{sf] kmn c1fg xf] . /fh;L sd{
b'vaf6 g} l;lh{t x'g] x'Fbf o;sf] kmn b'v g} x'G5 . leq /x]sf] b'v / a}r}gL x6fpg cfkm"nfO{ g}
e'nfpg] u/L /fh;L JolQm sd{df Jo:t x'G5 . lj:d/0f b'vaf6 aRg] Ps dfq pkfo xf] . dg cGoq
s]lG›t x'Fbf b'vsf] lj:d/0f x'G5 t/ s]xL ;dokZrft\ b'v k'gM :d/0f x'G5 . To;}n] b'vL JolQmx¿

nf]suLtf– 580
 cWofo–!$
/fh;L sd{df nfUb5g\ . hxfFaf6 sd{ ;''? x'G5, cGtdf klg o;n] ToxLF k'¥ofpF5 . k|f/De g} cGt
xf] lsgeg] aLh j[If aG5 / ToxL j[Ifdf xhf/f}F aLh pTkGg x'G5g\ . To:t} xfd|f] b'vaf6 sd{
lgl:sPsf] 5 eg] Tof] lap b'v xf] / To;af6 lgl:sg] j[Ifdf xhf/f}F u'0ff b'v el/P/ cfpF5 . o;/L
b'vaf6} ;'? x'g] ePsfn] /fh; sd{n] b'vd} n}hfG5 . tfd; sd{sf] kmn c1fg xf] . JolQmn] ug{
grfx]/ klg ug{'kg]{ sd{ tfd; sd{ xf] .
;flŒjs sd{ ljlIfKttf gePsf] / c¿sf] cfjZostfsf nflu ul/g] sd{ xf] . ;flŒjs sd{
c¿k|lt bofsf] sf/0fn] / 1fg pbo eP/ ul/g] sd{ xf] . /fh; JolQmn] ug]{ sd{ ljlIfKttfn]
el/Psf] sd{ xf], h'g JolQmleq /x]sf] a}r}gL / 56k6fx6sf] kl/0ffd xf] . tfd;L sd{ c¿sf]
sf/0fn] ug]{ x'Fbf afWotf xf], h;sf] kmn uxg c1fgtf xf] . c¿sf] bafadf ug{'kg]{ sd{ ePsfn]
tfd;L sd{df lx+;f x'G5 / h;sf] bafadf ul/Psf] 5, p;k|lt b'ef{jgf pTkGg u5{ . ;flŒjs
JolQmn] cfˆgf] jl/kl/ k|]d /f]k]h:t} tfd;L k|j[lQsf] JolQmn] cghfgdf cfˆgf] jl/kl/ zq'x¿ ePsf]
cg'ej u5{ . p;sf] dgdf å]if, O{iof{, 3[0ff pbo x'G5 / tfd;L JolQmleq w'jfF el/G5 . c¿k|ltsf]
k|]defjn] w'jfF x6\5 / 3[0ffn] w'jfF a9\5≤ t;y{ >Ls[i0f tfd; sd{sf] kmn c1fg xf] eGg'x'G5 .
;Œj u'0faf6 1fg, /hf]u'0faf6 nf]e / tdf]u'0faf6 k|dfb, df]x / c1fg pTkGg x'G5 . ;Œj
u'0faf6 leqsf] w'jfF / cGwsf/ x6\5 clg cfnf]s pbo eO{ JolQm :jod\nfO{ lrGg ;Ifd x'G5 .
JolQm hlt sd{df k|j[Q x'G5 plt nf]e hufpg'k5{ / nf]e ghufO{ sd{df k|j[Q x'g ;lsFb}g . t;y{
/fh;L JolQm nf]e hufP/} /fV5 lsgeg] pm sd{ ul//xg rfxG5 . tdf]u'0fL k|dfb, lg›f, tG›f, df]x
/ cN5Lkgn] ubf{ la:tf/} a]xf];Ldf 8'Ab} hfG5 . oxL a]xf];L c1fg xf] . ;Œju'0fdf l:yt /x]sf] k'?if
:juf{lb pRrnf]sdf, /hf] u'0fdf l:yt JolQm dWo dg'io nf]sdf Pjd\ tdf]u'0fdf l:yt JolQm
cwf]ult gLr of]lgnfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . oL tLg} dg / lrQsf l:ylt x'g\ . :ju{ / gs{ dg'iosf
pRrtd / Go"gtd l:yltx¿ x'g\, ef}uf]lns :yfgx¿ xf]Ogg\ . uxgtd ;'v :ju{ xf] eg] uxgtd
b'v–;Gtfk gs{ xf] . clwsf+z dg'iox¿ larsf] l:yltdf x'g] x'Fbf x/]s lbg k"/f ;do :ju{ /
gs{lar ofqf ul//xG5g\ .
hf] JolQm ;Œjdf l:y/ x'G5 p;sf] oL b'j}lt/ 9lNsg] ofqf aGb x'G5 / p;leqsf] ;'v l:y/
x'G5 . td;\\df l:y/ x'g] JolQmsf] r]tgfsf] bzf Go"gtd laGb'df /f]lsgfn] dfly p7\g ;Sb}g . /h;\\
u'0fdf l:y/ x'g] JolQm dWodf x'G5 . p;nfO{ ;'vsf] cfef; eO/xG5 / b'vsf] 8/ klg /lx/xG5 .
To;}n] /h;\u'0fsf] JolQmnfO{ g ;'v k|fKt x'G5 g b'v k|fKt x'G5Ù t;y{ pm lardf c8\ls/xG5 .
slxn]sfxLF km8\sf] df/]/ clnslt ;'v / slxn] b'v k|fKt u5{ . oL tLg l:yltx¿dWo] r]tgfsf]
pRrtd l:yltnfO{ xfdL :ju{ eG5f}F, h'g dgsf] ;'vsf] cj:yf xf] . lgDgtd l:yltnfO{ gs{ cyf{t\
gLrult jf cwf]ult eG5f}F, of] r]tgfsf] gLr l:ylt xf] . dWo l:yltdf dg'io x'G5 . dg'io zAb
dgaf6 ag]sf] x'Fbf dgsf] bzf dWodf x'G5 . To;}n] dgn] ef]ln ;'v ldN5 eg]/ ;'vsf] sNkgf
u/]/ lardf l:yt eO/xG5 t/ klg pm ;Gt'i6 geO{ ct[Kt g} /xG5 . zf:qdf r]tgfsf] l:ylt
a'emfpg :yfg h:tf] u/]/ :ju{, gs{ / dg'ionf]s elgPsf] 5 . clwsf+z JolQmx¿ e|flGtn] o;nfO{
ef}uf]lns :yfg eGg] 7fG5g\ of] s]jn dgsf] l:ylt xf] . tLg} u'0feGbf kf/sf] rf}yf] cj:yf u'0fftLt
cj:yf g} eujQf xf] . To;}n] xfdL >Ls[i0fnfO{ eujfg\ eGb5f}F, hf] u'0fftLt x'g'x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ltdL g8/fO{ sd{ u/ t/ stf{efj 5f]8]/ ;fIfL ag eGg'x'G5 . ltdL
/hf]u'0fsf] ;fwgf u/ lsgeg] s[i0fnfO{ ch{'gsf] :jefj /hf]u'0fsf] 5 eGg] yfxf 5 . >Ls[i0f
ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltdL efUg] s'/f gu/ lsgeg] of] ltd|f] :jefj xf]Og / of] ltd|f] :jwd{ klg
xf]Og . h] ltd|f] JolQmTj xf] To;} u'0fsf] ;fwgfdf pq . s[i0fsf] k"/f ;Gb]z oxL g} xf] . >Ls[i0f

nf]suLtf– 581
cWofo–!$
ch{'gnfO{ ltdL n8 / o'4 u/ s]jn cfkm"nfO{ stf{ g;f]rL cfkm"nfO{ k/dfTdfsf] xftsf] pks/0f /
lgldQ dfq ;f]r eGg'x'G5 . xfdLleq h] 3l6t eO/x]5, Tof] k|s[ltaf6 / u'0fx¿af6 eO/x]sf] 5 .
xfdL t s]jn ;fIfL dfq xf}F . of] ;f/f st{[Tj k'?ifsf] xf]Og k|s[ltsf] xf] / of] h] eO/x]sf] 5, Tof]
;a} xfd|f] z/L/ / u'0fx¿af6 eO/x]sf] 5 . of] k/d ;To hfGg ;Sof] eg] k/dl;l4 k|fKt x'g] 5 .
gfGo+ u'0f]EoM stf{/+ obf b|i6fg'kZolt .
u'0f]EoZr k/+ j]lQ d∫fj+ ;f]˜lwuR5lt ..!(..
x] ch{'g Û h'g sfndf dg'io tLg} u'0fsf cltl/Qm cGo s;}nfO{ stf{ b]Vb}g / :jod\nfO{ ›i6f
¿kn] b]V5, ta pm k|s[ltsf tLg} u'0feGbf k/ l:yt eO{ …dÚ k/dfTdfnfO{ hfg]/ d]/f] lbJo :jefjnfO{
k|fKt x'G5 ..
u'0ffg]tfgtLTo qLGb]xL b]x;d'∫jfg\ .
hGdd[To'h/fb'Mv}lj{d'Qmf]˜d[tdZg't] ..@)..
ha z/L/wf/L hLj k|s[ltsf oL tLg} u'0fx¿nfO{ kf/ ub{5, ta pm hGd, d[To' jfw{So tyf
;a} k|sf/sf si6af6 d'Qm eP/ oxL hLjgdf k/d cfgGb:j¿k cd[tsf] ef]u ub{5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h'g sfn, If0f / ;dosf] cjlwdf JolQm ;fIfL dfq ePsf], ;a} st{[Tj
k|s[ltsf tLg u'0faf6 ePsf] / u'0fn] g} u'0fnfO{ rnfO/x]sf] 5 eGg] hfGb5, To:tf] JolQmn] d]/f]
:j¿knfO{ k|fKt u5{ . ;fy} cfk"m stf{ geP/ k|s[ltsf] u'0feGbf cnu ePsf] / tLg} u'0feGbf k/
;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfnfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfGg] k'?ifn] klg d]/f] :j¿knfO{ k|fKt u5{ . t/ xfdL cfkm"
›i6f geP/ stf{ ePsf] 7fGb5f}F . xfdL …d wg sdfO{ /x]sf] 5'Ú eGg] ;f]Rb5fF} t/ leq nf]esf]
k/df0f'n] wg sdfpg bf}8fO/x]sf] x'G5 . xfdL æd o;nfO{ k|]d u5{'Æ eG5f}F t/ xfd|f] jf;gfsf] s0f
g} k|]ddf k/]sf] x'G5 . t;y{ stf{efj /fVg' g} unt xf] . ;fIfL ePkl5 dfq k|s[ltsf] u'0fsf] k|efj
/f]lsg ;S5 . ;fª\Vo eGb5– leq b'O{ tŒjx¿ k|s[lt / k'?if x'G5g\ . k|s[lt xfd|f] z/L/ / dgsf]
;Ë7g xf] eg] k'?if xfd|f] r]tgf xf] . ;a} lqmofx¿ k|s[ltåf/f x'G5g\ r]tgfåf/f x'Fb}gg\ t/ r]tgfn]
rfXof] eg] lqmofx¿;Fu cfkm"nfO{ hf]8]/ of] lqmof cfkm}F ul//x]sf] 5' eGg klg ;S5 . r]tgfn] cfkm}“
ul//x]sf] 5' eGg] dfGotf ug]{lalQs} ;+;f/ lgld{t x'G5 .
;fª\Vodf ;+;f/sf] hGd cxª\sf/sf] sf/0fn] ePsf] xf] elgPsf] 5 . …dÚ cfpg]lalQs} ;+;f/
lgld{t x'G5 / …dÚ efj g/xg]lalQs} ;+;f/ ljnLg x'G5 . ha …dÚ /xFb}g, ta Tof] b]Vg]jfnf ›i6f
aG5 . ›i6f x'g' lqmof xf]Og of] xfd|f] :jefj xf] . ;'Tbf, vfFbf, a:bf x/]s If0f x/]s s[Todf ›i6f
xfd|f] ;fydf x'G5 . /fd|f] lg›f kbf{ ;'t]sf] x]g]{ sf]xL x'G5 . To;}n] xfdL lg›f /fd|f] k/]sf] yfxf kfpF5f}F .
›i6f h'g xfd|f] ;tt :jefj xf], Tof] Ps If0f klg x/fpFb}g t/ of] ›i6f stf{ aGg ;S5, of] ›i6fsf]
:jtGqtf xf] . oxL :jtGqtfsf] plrt pkof]uaf6 df]If k|fKt x'G5 / cg'lrt pkof]uaf6 ;+;f/
lgld{t x'G5 . j:t'tM xfd|f] r]tgf eg] k|ltkn ;fIfL 5 .
h'g sfndf ›i6f tLg u'0fafx]s cGo s;}nfO{ stf{ b]Vb}g / tLg u'0fn] g} ;a} ul//x]sf] /
u'0fn] g} u'0fsf] lqmof–k|ltlqmof u/]sf] b]V5, ta p;df z'4 ›i6fefj kmlnt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– of] o'4 h'g x'g uO/x]sf] 5, of] klg ToxL tLg u'0fsf] sf/0fn] xf] . o;df
ptfsf / otfsf b'j}tkm{sf JolQmx¿ ToxL u'0fsf sf/0f ;lqmo ePsf 5g\ . To;}n] ltdL efu]/
;GGof;L x'G5' eGg] g;f]r lsgeg] ltd|f] leq efUg] k/df0f' eP dfq ltdL efUg ;S5f} . u'0fn] g}
u'0fsf] lqmof–k|ltlqmof ul//x]5 / h] eP klg ltdL t s]jn b]Vg]jfnf eGg] hfg . u'0fn] g} u'0fdf
;a} u/]sf] h;n] b]V5 / hf] tLg u'0faf6 clt k/ ;lRrbfgGb3g:j¿k …dÚ k/dfTdfnfO{ tŒjk"j{s

nf]suLtf– 582
 cWofo–!$
hfGb5, To:tf] k'?ifn] d]/f] :j¿knfO{ k|fKt ub{5 . oL tLg tŒjsf] kf/ /x]sf] s[i0ftŒj a|Xd xfd|f]
:jefj xf] . oL tLg u'0fnfO{ stf{sf] ¿kdf ha JolQmn] b]Vb5 / o;sf] kf/ …dÚ ;lRrbfgGb3g¿k
k/dfTdfnfO{ tŒjk"j{s lrGb5 To; sfndf Tof] k'?if dnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 egL >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . h'g
If0f xfdL u'0fx¿af6 ljd'v x'G5f}F ta df]If¿k k/dfTdf ToxLF k|fKt u5f}{+ . s]jn Ps kmGsf 3'dfO
(About turn) dfq h?/L 5 lsgeg] ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xd ;bf k|fKt g} 5 . k/dfTdf eGg nfUg]
;doeGbf klg k/dfTdf lgs6 5 s]jn u'0fx¿lt/ /x]sf] pGd'vtfaf6 ljd'v x'g dfq h?/L 5 .
t/ xfdL u'0fx¿sf] hfnf]d} clNemP/ a;]sf 5f}F .
xfdL pd]/ xf]pGh]n d ul//x]sf] 5' eG7fG5f“} / j[4 ePkl5 d}n] Tofu ul/lbPF eGg] ;f]Rb5f}F .
jf:tjdf h'g u'0fwd{ / k|s[ltsf] tŒjn] jf;gf p7]sf] lyof] Tof] jf;gf j[4fj:yfdf cfk}m IfL0f x'G5,
To;nfO{ xfdL a|Xdro{df pknAw ePsf] ;f]Rb5f}F, h'g xfd|f] e|flGt xf] . Tof] tŒj ;hu / t]h
xf]pGh]n xfdL To; u'0f¿kL tŒjnfO{ k5ofP/ cfkm"nfO{ stf{ dfGbYof}“ t/ oL b'j} kl/l:yltdf xfdL
stf{ xf]Ogf}F . of] ;f/f k|s[ltsf] v]n xf] / cfkm" stf{ geO{ of] v]n b]Vg] ›i6f dfq x'F eGg] hfGg
;lsof] eg] ;f/f aGwgx¿ 6'lqmG5g\ / sd{sf] hfnf] ;dfKt eP/ JolQm d'Qm x'G5 . stf{kgsf
sf/0f hGd–hGdsf] sd{ ;l~rt eP/ ef/ aGb5 . of] stf{kg 5'6\g]lalQs} sd{ klg :jtM 5'6\5 .
1fgLx¿ cfk"m stf{ xf]Og eg]/ hfGb5g\ t/ c1fgL cfkm"nfO{ stf{ 7fGb5 . ;a} lgodx¿ stf{ /
sd{df nfu' x'G5 ;fIfLdf s'g} lgod nfUb}g . To;}n] 1fgLn] a|fXd0fsf] xTof u/] klg kfk nfUb}g
eg]/ zf:qdf elgPsf] 5 . ;f/f sd{ tLg u'0fsf] / cfkm" ;fIfL ePsf] hfGg] k'?if …dÚ ;lRrbfgGb
a|XdnfO{ tŒjk"j{s lrg]/ dnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 tyf Tof] k'?if of] :y"n z/L/sf] pTklQ sf/0f ¿k tLg}
u'0fnfO{ pNnª\3g u/L hGd–d[To', j[4fj:yf / ;f/f b'vaf6 d'Qm eP/ …dÚ k/dfgGbnfO{ k|fKt u5{
egL >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 .
ha s'g} k'?if oL tLg u'0f z/L/sf] hGdsf sf/0f x'g\ / oL tLg u'0f;Fusf] tfbfTDon] dnfO{
gofF z/L/ u|x0f u/fPsf] xf] eGg] s'/f tŒjk"j{s hfg]/ To;nfO{ pNnª\3g ub{5 eg] To:tf] k'?if
hGd–d[To', j[4fj:yf h:tf ;a} b'vaf6 d'Qm eP/ s[i0f¿kL k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm
d[To'sf] klg ;fIfL eP/ z/L/ / u'0f d/]sf] b]Vb5 / cfkm" slxNo} gdg]{ cd[t tŒj x'F eGg] hfGb5 .
o:tf] cd[ttŒjsf] afNofj:yf, hjfgL, j[4fj:yf g} x'Fb}g, of] u'0fx¿sf] cj:yf dfq xf] . oL tLg}
cj:yfaf6 kf/ ePsf] hfGg' d'lQmsf] cj:yf xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û h'g 1fgn]
k/dl;l4 pknAw x'G5, Tof] d ltdLnfO{ km]l/ eG5' . >Ls[i0f JolQmn] s;/L cfˆgf] k/d d'lQm hfGg
;S5, To;sf] ;"q eGb} x'g'x'G5 .
ch{'g pjfr
s}ln{Ë}:qLGu'0ffg]tfgtLtf] ejlt k|ef] .
lsdfrf/M sy+ r}t+f:qLGu'0ffgltjt{t] ..@!..
>Ls[i0fsf /x:odoL jrg ;'g]/ ch{'gn] s[i0fnfO{ ;f]w]– x] k'?iff]Qd Û oL tLg} u'0faf6 ctLt
ePsf] k'?if s'g s'g nIf0faf6 o'Qm ePsf] x'G5 / p;sf] cfr/0f s'g k|sf/sf] x'G5 < x] k|e' Û dg'io
s'g pkfon] oL tLg}j6f u'0faf6 ctLt x'G5 <
>Leujfg'jfr
k|sfz+ r k|j[lQ+ r df]xd]j r kf08j .
g å]li6 ;Dk|j[Qflg g lgj[Qflg sfª\Iflt ..@@..

nf]suLtf– 583
cWofo–!$
o;k|sf/ ch{'gn] ;f]w]kl5 >Ls[i0fn] eGg'eof]– x] ch{'g Û h'g k'?if ;Œj u'0fsf] sfo{¿k
k|sfzdf, /hf]u'0fsf] sfo{¿k k|j[lQ cf;lQmdf / tdf]u'0fsf] sfo{¿k df]xdf klg g k|j[t x'bF f 3[0ff
u5{ g t lgj[Q x'bF f cfsfª\Iff g} u5{ ..
pbf;Lgjbf;Lgf] u'0f}of]{ g ljrfNot] .
u'0ff jt{Gt OTo]j+ of]˜jlti7lt g]Ët] ..@#..
hf] pbf;Lg ;fIfL ;b[Zf l:yt eP/ u'0fx¿af6 ljrlnt x'bF }g / u'0fn] g} u'0fnfO{ lqmofzLn
agfpF5 eGg] ;DemG5, pm ;lRrbfGb3g a|Xddf Ps efjn] l:yt x'G5, To; l:yltdf rnfodfg x'bF }g ..
>Ls[i0fsf /x:odoL jrg ;'g]/ ch{'gn] ;f]w], x] Û k'?iff]Qd oL tLg} u'0fx¿af6 ctLt ePsf]
k'?if s'gs'g nIf0faf6 o'Qm ePsf] x'G5 . oL tLg} u'0faf6 ctLt ePsf] k'?ifsf] nIf0f s:tf] x'G5
eGg] ch{'gsf] lh1f;f xfdL ;a}sf] lh1f;f xf] . hfu?s k'?if;Fu pgsf lziox¿n] of] k|Zg lg/Gt/
;f]w]sf 5g\ . ch{'g To:tf] lbJo r]tgf / eujQfsf] nIf0fsf af/]df hfGg rfxG5g\ . pgL To:tf]
lbJo r]tgf ePsf JolQmsf] cfr/0fsf af/]df klg lh1f;' 5g\ . nIf0f t aflx/af6 h'g b]lvG5, Tof]
dfq eGg ;lsG5 lsgeg] aflx/L lrgf/L jf:tljs geO{ sfdrnfp dfq x'G5 . b'O{ u'0fftLt
JolQmx¿sf] klg aflx/L nIf0f ;dfg x'Fb}g a? pgLx¿ ;a}sf] leqsf] bzf eg] Ps} x'G5 .
pgLx¿sf] nIf0f leGg x'g'df w]/} sf/0fx¿ 5g\ .
dxfjL/nfO{ u'0fftLt JolQmsf af/]df ;f]Wof] eg] pxfF / h}gLx¿n] s[i0fnfO{ u'0fftLt dfGg
;Sb}gg\ . dxfjL/n] cfkm"n] cg'ej u/]sf] nIf0f eGg'x'G5 . h}g k/Dk/fdf lbuDa/ x'g' u'0fftLt
JolQmsf] nIf0f xf] . dxfjL/sf eQmx¿sf] b[li6sf]0fdf pgLx¿ a'4nfO{ klg u'0fftLt dfGb}gg\
lsgeg] pgn] j:q Tofu]sf 5}gg\ . t;y{ afXo nIf0f s]jn afwf / sfdrnfp dfq xf] / jf:tljs
cg'e"lt t :jod\ u'0fftLt gx'Gh]n;Dd x'g sl7g x'G5 . u'0fftLt JolQmx¿sf] leqL nIf0f eg] Ps}
x'G5 . s}og\ sf/0fn] aflx/L nIf0fsf] cg'e"lt cnu x'g ;S5 . ljlzi6tfsf] vf]h ;dfKt ePsf] x'Fbf
u'0fftLt JolQm ;fwf/0f x'G5g\ . hfkfgsf h}g kmls/x¿ klg clt;fwf/0f x'g' u'0fftLt JolQmsf]
Ps nIf0f dfGb5g\ . x/]s k/Dk/fn] u'0fftLt JolQmsf cnu cnu nIf0f dfg]sf 5g\ . ch{'g oL
tLg} u'0faf6 ctLt ePsf] k'?ifsf] nIf0fsf af/]df hfGg rfxG5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û hf] k'?if ;Œjsf] sfo{¿k k|sfzdf, /hsf] sfo{¿k k|j[lQdf /
tdsf] sfo{¿k df]xdf klg g t k|j[Q x'Fbf g/fd|f] ;lDemG5 / g lgj[Q x'Fbf To;sf] cfsfª\Iff g} u5{
pm pbf;Lg sxnfpF5 . h] u/fpF5, Tof] u'0fn] u/fpF5 eG7fGg] JolQm tdf]u'0fn] k|j[lQdf n}hfFbf klg
of] b'isd{ cfkm"åf/f ePsf] eGg] 7fgL b'vL x'Fb}g, /hf]u'0fn] s'g} sd{df n}hfFbf klg dnfO{ sd{df
n}hfFb} 5 egL b'vL x'Fb}g / ;Œju'0fn] lgj[lQdf n}hfFbf klg dnfO{ o;n] lgj[lQdf n}hfFb} 5 egL
;'vL x'Fb}g . g /fuaf6 b'vL x'G5 g lj/fuaf6 ;'vL x'G5 . pm b'j} s'/fnfO{ u'0fdf g} 5f]l8lbG5 / d
cnu x'F eGg] hfGb5 . /hf]u'0fn] qmf]wnfO{ lx+;ftkm{ n}hfg ;S5 t/ qmf]wsf] ;dodf klg xfdLleq
;'v, b'v jf ;fIfL efjdWo] s'g efjsf] cg'ej eof] Tof] dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 cGoyf u'0fnfO{ bf]if lbP/
JolQm klG5g ;S5 . qmf]wdf k|f0f xfNg] xfdL g} ePsfn] qmf]wdf ;fIfL x'g ;s]df qmf]w tTsfn
lgjL{o{ x'G5 . ;fIfLefjdf x'g] JolQmnfO{ sfdjf;gfn] klg 8f]¥ofpg ;Sb}g . xfd|f] ;xof]uaf6 g}
o;n] pu| ¿k lng ;S5≤ of] leqL cge'jsf] s'/f xf] .
nIf0f aflx/ dfq b]lvg] x'Fbf k|j[lQ Tofu]/ hËndf uP klg leq ljrf/x¿ /lx/x] eg] pm
k|j[lQaflx/ ePsf] dfGg ;lsGg . of] leqL 36gf xf] hf] :jod\nfO{ dfq cg'ej x'g ;S5 . of] b]Vg
sl7g dfq xf]Og c;Dej 5 . ;Œju'0fsf] sfo{¿k k|sfzaf6 1fg hlGdG5 / j}/fUosf] pbo x'G5,
/hf]u'0fsf] sfo{¿k k|j[lQdf sd{ p7\5 / sd{sf] hfn km}lnG5 . tdf] u'0fsf] sfo{¿k df]x / nf]e

nf]suLtf– 584
 cWofo–!$
c1fgdf hlGdG5 . o:tf] k'?if oL tLg} u'0fsf] k|j[lQ xf];\ of lgj[lQ xf];\, g t k|j[lQdf g/fd|f] dfG5
g lgj[lQdf /fd|f] dfG5, g pm k|j[lQaf6 aRg rfxG5 / g lgj[Q x'Fbf k|j[Q x'g rfxG5, g t s'g}
cfsfª\Iff g} u5{ . h] klg 3l6/x]sf] 5, To;nfO{ k|s[ltsf] v]n dfg]/ ›i6fefjn] x]l//xg] nIf0f g}
u'0fftLtsf] df}lns nIf0f xf] eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm ;fIfL;b[Zf l:yt eP/ u'0f g}
u'0fdf rnfodfg eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] hfgL u'0fx¿af6 ljrlnt geO{ ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xddf Ps}
efjn] l:yt x'G5 / To; l:yltaf6 rnfodfg x'Fb}g .
u'0f k|ltkn ;lqmo 5 . u'0fdf h:tf];'s} cfFwL cfpFbf klg sDkg/lxt / c:klz{t /xg], /fd|f]
g/fd|f]sf] efj pTkGg g} gx'g], lgGbf / k|z+;fdf r'gfj g} gx'g] / s'g} k|ltlqmof glbO{ r'krfk
cnukgsf] efjdf plqg] JolQm g} rnfodfg x'gaf6 aRg ;S5 cGoyf x/]s s'/fn] rnfodfg
u/fpF5 . x/]s 36gfn] xfdLnfO{ k|efljt ug]{ xf] eg] xfdL xfjfdf xlNng] emG8f h:tf] eP/ cfˆgf]
dflns x'Fb}gf}F . dg ljrlnt x'gaf6 ta dfq /f]lsG5 ha xfdL lg0f{o lng aGb u/]/ sd{ u'0fx¿sf]
lqmof–k|ltlqmof dfq xf]≤ o;;Fu d]/f] s'g} ;/f]sf/ 5}g / x/]s 36gf deGbf aflx/ 3l6/x]sf] 5 eGg]
hfGb5f}F . ;fIfL;b[Zf l:yt x'g] JolQm u'0f g} u'0fdf lqmof–k|ltlqmof u5{ egL hfGb5 / ;lRrbfgGb
k/dfTdfdf Ps} efjn] l:yt eP/ rofodfg x'Fb}g .
ha s'g} JolQm u'0fsf] lqmof–k|ltlqmofaf6 lqmofzLn geO{ cslDkt /xG5, ta p;sf]
u'0f;Fu ;DaGw 6'6]/ lgu{'0f;Fu ;DaGw hf]l8G5 . xfd|f] Wofgsf] wf/f u'0fdf /x'Gh]n k/dfTdf;Fu
;DaGw hf]l8g ;Sb}g / u'0faf6 wf/f 5'6\g]lalQs} ToxL wf/f lgu'0f{;Fu cyf{t\ k/dfTdf;Fu hf]l8G5 .
xfdL leq} lgu{'0f /x]sf] x'Fbf xfdL lgu{'0f xf}F . u'0faf6 Wofg 5'6\g]lalQs} xfdL k/dfTdf;Fu hf]l8G5f}F .
lgu{'0fdf l:yt x'g' g} ;lRrbfgGb k/dfTdfdf l:yt x'g' xf] . >Ls[i0fn] h'g lbg s;}n] u'0f g} u'0fdf
;a} sfd ul//x]sf] 5 / d o;af6 k[ys\ s]xL ug]{jfnf xf]Og s]jn ›i6f dfq x'F eGg] hfGb5, To;}
lbg pm u'0fftLt cj:yfnfO{ pknAw eO{ ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xd x'G5 eGg' ePsf] 5 .
/f]lsg] jf;gf klg rNg] jf;gfsf] efu xf] lsgeg] /f]lsg' klg Ps lqmof xf] . k|j[lQ ;dfKt
ePsf] JolQmn] lgj[lQ ;fWg] 5 eGg] xfdL ;f]Rb5f}F t/ lgj[lQ klg k|j[lQs} Ps ¿k xf] . s]xL ug]{
efj / s]xL gug]{ cfu|x klg stf{efj xf] . u'0fx¿ g} rln/x]sf / /f]lsO/x]sf 5g\, d g /f]lsG5' g
rN5' ;fy} k|j[lQ / lgj[lQ d]/f] geO{ u'0fx¿s} xf] eg]/ hfGg' g} ;fIfL x'g' xf] . To;}n] ha;Dd
pgLx¿ ultjfg\ / ultxLg x'G5g\ d x]l//xG5' ;fy} hLjg /x'Gh]n hLjgsf] / d[To'kZrft\ d[To'sf]
;fIfL x'g] 5' . d stf{ xf]Og eGg] cg'ej g} ;fIfL efj xf] . lgj[lQdf klg stf{efj cfpFbf Tof]
k|j[lQs} csf]{ ¿k x'G5 . a'4 eGg'x'G5– g d k|j[lQ x'F g lgj[lQ, g u[x:y x'F g ;GGof;L, d}n] s]xL
;dft]sf] 5}g / s]xL 5f]8]sf] klg 5}g h'g ;fIfL efjsf] nIf0f xf] .
stf{sf] efjaf6 d'Qm x'g' g} ›i6f k'?ifsf] r]i6f xf] . u'0f / sd{åf/f h] eO/x]sf] 5 To;nfO{
x'g lbP/ To;df s'g} lj/f]w of 5]85f8 gu/L u'0f / sd{ hxfF uO/x]sf] 5, To;nfO{ hfg lbg' g}
›i6fefj xf] . ;fw'n] k|j[lQsf ljk/Lt lgj[lQ ;fW5, h'g u[x:ysf] ljk/Lt x'G5 . sf]xL lx+;f /
wg;~ro ub}{ 5 eg] ;fw' clx+;f / Tofu ub}{ 5 . ToxfF cem} s]xL sfd z]if 5 lsgeg] dg /x'Gh]n
dgnfO{ sd{ rflxG5 . t;y{ sf]xL olb wg hDdf ug{ aGb u5{ eg] dgn] ljk/Lt Tof] wg afF8\g]
sfddf cu|;/ u/fpF5 . :qLsf] kl5 nfUg] JolQmnfO{ dgn] ljk/Lt s'/f :qLaf6 efUg l;sfpF5 /
JolQm eflu/xG5 lsgeg] eflu/xFbf dgn] sfd kfpF5 / stf{kg hLljt /xG5 . olb s'g} stf{
ef]Qmf ePdf z/L/nfO{ gofF pmhf{ / ult k|fKt x'g yfNb5 t/ olb sf]xL ›i6f ePdf Tof] klxn]sf]
pmhf{sf] ult dGb eP/ s]xL If0fdf ult ;dfKt x'G5 . k'/fgf] ultsf] ;dflKtkZrft\ To;} lbg z/L/
;dfKt x'G5, ta u'0f k|s[ltdf lkmtf{ eP/ ldN5 / JolQm ;lRrbfgGb3g k/dfTdfdf l:yt x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 585
cWofo–!$
>Ls[i0f o'4df eP/ klg leqb]lv o'4af6 cnu x'g'x'G5 . o'4sf] hfn k|k~rdf pxfF s]jn ;fIfL dfq
x'g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f u'0fftLt x'g'x'G5 lsgeg] pxfF oL tLg} u'0fsf] kf/ k/a|Xd x'g'x'G5 .
;db'Mv;'vM :j:yM ;dnf]i6fZdsf~rgM .
t'Nolk|oflk|of] wL/:t'NolgGbfTd;\+:t'ltM ..@$..
hf] lg/Gt/ cfTdefjdf l:y/ eP/ ;'v b'vnfO{ ;dfg efjn] ;lDemG5 tyf df6f], 9'Ëf /
;'gdf ;dfg efj /fV5, w}o{jfg\ 5 h;nfO{ g t sf]xL lk|o x'G5 g t sf]xL clk|o x'G5 tyf hf] lgGbf
/ :t'ltdf klg cfˆgf] w}o{ 5f]8\b}g ..
dfgfkdfgof]:t'No:t'Nof] ldqfl/kIfof]M .
;jf{/Dekl/TofuL u'0fftLtM ; pRot] ..@%..
hf] dfg ckdfgdf ;d 5 Pjd\ j}/L / ldqsf] ;DaGwdf ;d 5 / cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ sd{ ubf{ klg
stf{kgsf] efjsf] cledfg x'bF }g To:tf] dg'ionfO{ u'0fftLt elgG5 ..
hf] lg/Gt/ cfkm"leq ePsf] xf];nfO{ lrg]/ cfkm"nfO{ r}tGo egL hfGb5 / Tof] r}tGonfO{
cGo s'g} s'/f;Fu hf]8\b}g, o:tf] efjbzf g} cfTdefj xf] . d s]jn r]tgf x'F / of] r]tgfn] hlt
k|ltkmng u/] klg To;;Fu d]/f] s'g} ;/f]sf/ / ;DaGw 5}g ;fy} of] r]tgf hxfF h'g;'s} s'/fdf
k|ltljlDat eP klg Tof] æd xf]OgFÆ eg]/ cfTdefj l:yt ePsf] JolQmn] hfGb5 . /ftL kfgL ePsf]
x/]s 7fpFdf rG›df b]lvG5 t/ Tof] k|ltkmng rG›df xf]Og . xfdLn] b]Vg] s]jn k|ltljDa dfq xf] .
cfTdefjdf l:yt ePsf lbg cfkm"nfO{ k|ltljDadf dfq vf]hL ul//x]sf] aNn xfdLnfO{ 1ft x'G5 .
cfˆgf] r]tgf cfkm}Fleq 5 s'g} j:t';Fu afFlwPsf] 5}g eg]/ hfGg' cfTdefj xf] .
cfTdefjdf l:yt ePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;'v–b'v ;dfg nfUgfn] To:tf] JolQm ;dtfdf pknAw
x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ ;'v–b'v cnu xf] h:tf] nfU5 . t;y{ ;'vsf cfsfª\IfL x'G5f}F / b'vaf6 aRg
rfxG5f}F . ;'v klg b'v x'G5 eGg] xfdLnfO{ af]w g} x'Fb}g t/ ;'v g} b'vsf] k|f/De xf] . cfTdefjdf
l:yt JolQmsf] s]xL kfpg] OR5f x'Fb}g / s]xL 5f]8\g] efj klg x'Fb}g . t;y{ p;nfO{ ;'v–b'v b'j}
;dfg x'G5g\ . oL b'j}sf] e]b ;dfKt eP/ o:tf] JolQm r'gfj/lxt x'g] x'gfn] b'j}af6 c:klz{t x'G5
;fy} p;nfO{ ;'v / b'v b'j}n] plåUg ug{ ;Sb}g . cfTdefjdf l:yt JolQmnfO{ ;'v–b'v, 9'Ëf–:j0f{
;a} ;dfg x'G5 / o:tf] JolQm w}o{jfg\ x'G5 . p;sf] sf]xL lk|o–clk|o x'Fb}g / pm lgGbf / :t'ltdf
klg ;defj /fV5 . cfTdefjdf l:yt JolQmsf] ;a} åGå ;dfKt ePsf] x'gfn] p;n] k|]d–3[0ff, :j0f{–
df6f], zq'–ldq, :t'lt–lg›f ;a}df ;dfg efj /fV5 / ljk/LtnfO{ ljk/Lt h:tf] u/]/ x]b}{g .
cfTdefjdf l:yt JolQmnfO{ dfq o:tf] x'G5 lsgeg] p;n] åGå klg cfˆg} r'gfjsf] sf/0fn] ePsf]
xf] eGg] hfGb5 . xfdL r'gfjsf sf/0fn] b'vdf kb{5f}F . of] :jLsf/ efj cfTdefjdf l:yt x'g]nfO{
dfq ;Dej 5 . hf] dfg–ckdfg, ldq–j}/Lsf ;DaGwdf klg ;d x'G5, h'g k'?if ;Dk"0f{ sd{ ubf{
klg stf{kgsf] efjaf6 cledfg/lxt x'G5 p;nfO{ u'0fftLt elgG5 . cfTdefjdf l:yt x'g' d"n
s'~hL xf] . cfTdefjdf l:yt JolQm åGådf ;d / stf{kgaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . p;nfO{ ef]s t nfU5 t/
ef]sf] eg] x'Fb}g .
>Ls[i0fsf] hLjgdf Pp6f ld7f] syf 5 . h}gzf:qdf klg o; syfsf af/]df pNn]v ul/Psf]
5 . ?lSd0fLn] s[i0fnfO{ gbLkfl/ Ps j}/fuL cfPsf 5g\ / pgL ef]s} x'g ;Sg] x'Fbf cfkm" ToxfF uP/
ef]hg u/fpg] OR5f JoQm ug{'eof] / af9L cfPsf] x'Fbf s[i0f;Fu gbL kf/ u/fpg] dfu{ klg ;f]Wg'eof] .
>Ls[i0fn] ltdL gbL5]p uP/ olb j}/fuL cfhLjgsf] pkjf;L xf] eg] dnfO{ af6f] lbg'xf];\ eGg]
k|fy{gf u/ eGg'eof] . ?lSd0fLn] ;o hgfsf] ef]hg ;fdu|L lnP/ gbL5]p k'uL s[i0fn] eGg'
ePcg';f/ k|fy{gf ubf{ gbLn] af6f] lbOg\ . tL j}/fuLn] ;o hgfsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] ;Dk"0f{ ef]hg

nf]suLtf– 586
 cWofo–!$
PSn} ;dfKt u/] . ?lSd0fL kms]{/ cfpFbf gbLnfO{ kf/ ug]{ ;"q s[i0fnfO{ g;f]w]sf sf/0f wd{;ª\s6df
kg{'eof] lsgeg] cfpFbf t j}/fuL ef]s} ePsfn] s[i0fn] eg]sf] ;"qeGbf gbLn] af6f] lbg'ePsf] lyof]
t/ ca Tof] ;"qn] klg sfd ug{ ;Sb}g lsgeg] j}/fuLn] cfˆgf cufl8 g} ;o hgfsf] ef]hg
ul/;s]sf 5g\ / ca pgL pkjf;L klg /x]gg\ . kmls{g] pkfo gb]v]kl5 j}/fuL;Fu g} pkfo ;f]Wbf
pgn] oxfF cfpFbf h] eGg'ePsf] lyof] ToxL bf]xf]¥ofpg'xf];\ eg] . ?lSd0fLn] ljZjf; gu/] klg ToxL
;"q k|of]u ul/g\ / gbLn] k'gM af6f] lbOg\ . ?lSd0fLn] cfZro{df k/L s[i0fnfO{ ;f/f j[QfGt ;'gfP/
sf/0f hfGg vf]Hg'eof] . >Ls[i0fn] eGg'eof]– ef]s z/L/nfO{ nfU5 eg]/ hfGg] JolQmsf] ef]hg klg
z/L/df dfq hfG5Ù / o:tf] JolQmsf] pkjf; slxn] klg vl08t x'Fb}g . cfTdfnfO{ ef]s Kof;
slxNo} klg nfUb}g .
cd]l/sfdf Ps hgf JolQm cgf}7f] vf]hdf nfu]sf 5g\ . pgsf] vf]hcg';f/ Ps ;do o:tf]
lyof] ha dg'iox¿ ef]hg ub}{gy] . h}gx¿sf k|yd tLy{ª\s/ cflbgfyn] s[lif / ef]hg cflbsf] vf]h
ug{'ePsf] xf] / To;eGbf cufl8 dflg; ef]hg gu/] klg ef]sf x'Fb}gy] elgG5 . ;'Gbf sfNklgs
h:tf] nfU5 t/ pQm cd]l/sL j}1flgsn] klg ef]hg Pp6f afgL dfq xf] o;n] z/L/df zlQm xf]Og
s]jn ePsf] zlQmnfO{ ult k|bfg u5{ eg]sf 5g\ . ef]hg z/L/leq hfg' / dn ¿kdf aflx/
lg:sg' s]jn leq l:yt zlQm¿kL kª\vfnfO{ ult lbg' dfq xf] . pgn] ef]hgljgf klg dg'io hLljt
/xg ;S5 eGg] j}1flgs cfwf/ 5 eg]sf 5g\ . hd{gLsf] aa]l/ofdf y]/];f Go'd}g gfdsL Ps :qLn]
#) jif{;Dd ef]hg u/]sL lyOgg\ t/ klg pgsf] tf}n oyfjt\ lyof] / pgL lg/f]uL lyOg\ . pgsf]
dnd"q aGb eP/ k]6n] sfd ug{ 5f]8] klg pgL :j:y / pd]/eGbf sd nflUyg\ . of] pbfx/0faf6
ef]hg dg'io hfltsf] a]l7s afgL klg x'g ;S5 .
z/L/sf nflu ef]hg, cfjZostf of afgL x'g ;S5 t/ leqsf] r]tgfnfO{ ef]hgsf]
cfjZostf x'Fb}g . z/L/nfO{ ef]hgsf] cfjZostf vf]hsf] ljifo x'g ;S5 t/ r]tgfnfO{ o;sf]
cfZostf lgZro g} 5}g . r]tgf ;bf pkjf;L 5 eg]/ hfGof] eg] stf{efj :jtM ;dfKt x'g ;''?
x'G5 . cfTdefjsf] j[l4;Fu} r]tgf;Fu xfd|f] Psa4tf x'Fbf ;fIfLefjsf] j[l4 x'G5 / xfdLnfO{ cfk"m
z/L/eGbf k[ys\ ePsf] 1fg x'G5 . ha of] efj ;3g x'G5, ta Ps lbg z/L/ cfˆgf] ofqf k"/f u/]/
k|s[ltdf nLg x'G5 / xfd|f] dxfldng Tof] a[xt\ k|sfz;Fu x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– cfTdefjdf
l:yt ;Dk"0f{ cf/Dedf stf{kgsf] cledfgaf6 /lxt ePsf] k'?ifnfO{ u'0fftLt elgG5 . o:tf] r]tgf
ePsf] JolQm tL u'0fx¿sf] ctLt x'G5 cyf{t\ u'0fftLt x'G5 .
df+ r of]˜Jolerf/]0f elQmof]u]g ;]jt] .
; u'0ffG;dtLTo}tfGa|Xde"ofo sNkt] ..@^..
x] ch{'g Û h'g k'?if Jolerf/L elQm¿kL of]uåf/f dnfO{ lg/Gt/ eH5, pm oL tLg} u'0fnfO{
pNnª\3g u/]/ ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xddf Psefj x'g of]Uo x'G5 / a|Xdkbdf l:yt x'G5 ..
a|Xd0ff] lx k|lti7fxdd[t:ofJoo:o r .
zfZjt:o r wd{:o ;'v:o}sflGts:o r ..@&..
x] ch{'g Û Tof] cljgfzL a|Xdkbsf] …dÚ g} cd[t:j¿k, zfZjt :j¿k, wd{:j¿k / cv08 Ps
/; cyf{t\ k/d cfgGb :j¿ksf] Ps dfq cf>o x'F ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] k'?if cJolerf/L elQm¿kL of]uåf/f dnfO{ lg/Gt/ eH5 pm oL tLg}
u'0fnfO{ pNnª\3g u/]/ ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xddf Psefj x'g of]Uo x'G5 . dgdf v08 eP/ w]/}
lbzfx¿ x'g' / dgdf w]/} k|]d kfq x'g' g} Jolerf/L dg xf] . dg Psh'6, Ps} wf/f / Ps} lbzflt/
k|jflxt x'g' cJolerf/L dg xf] . xfdL Jolerf/L ePsf] x'Fbf xfd|f] dg ;j{q ljleGg lbzftkm{

nf]suLtf– 587
cWofo–!$
alu/x]sf] x'G5 . dgsf] Ps efu kb / oz, csf]{ efu wd{, t];|f] efu wgdf aUg] x'Fbf xfd|f] dgdf
;bf åGå / snx x'G5 / xfd|f] Jolerf/L dgnfO{ zflGt k|fKt x'Fb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] ha;Dd sf]xL
cJolerf/L efjn] ;To, :jod\ / ;lRrbfgGb k/dfTdflt/ aUb}g, ta;Dd s'g} pknlAw x'Fb}g
eGg'ePsf] 5 . xfdL cJolerf/L eof}F eg] ;f/f afwf x6]/ xfd|f] ;f/f zlQm Ps} lbzftkm{ k|jflxt
x'g] 5 / Ps If0fd} pknlAw k|fKt x'g] 5 . xfdL ljleGg lbzfdf au]sf] x'gfn] xfd|f] zlQm Pslqt
x'g cljefHo wf/f rflxG5 . uËfnfO{ klg ;fu/;Dd k'Ug cljefHo wf/f rflxG5, cGoyf d?e"ldd}
x/fpg ;Sg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . To:t} xfdL klg Pslqt ePdf dfq k/dfTdf;Dd k'Ug ;S5f}F .
xfd|f] dg Psh'6 geO{ vl08t cyf{t\ v08–v08df afFl8Psf] x'gfn] g} s'g} s'/faf6 klg
;Gt'i6 x'g ;Sb}g . wg, kb h] kfpFbf klg t'ngf ugf{n] kZrfQfkd} ;do JotLt x'G5 . of]eGbf
Tof] u/]sf] eP /fd|f] x'GYof] eGg] efjn] ;w}F c¿nfO{ ;'vL / cfkm"nfO{ b'vL dfq b]V5 . 1fg, kb /
wg h] kfP klg xfdL b'vL g} x'G5f}F / xfdLnfO{ ;f/f hut\\n] ;'v ef]lu/x]sf] 5 t/ d dfq b'v
ef]lu/x]sf] 5' h:tf] nfU5 . s'g} s'/f klg ;du| r]tgfn] ug{ g;Sg] x'Fbf xfdL ;b}j c;Gt'i6 x'G5f}F .
oxL Jolerf/Lsf] nIf0f xf] . h'g sfd ;du| r]tgfn] x'G5 ToxL cfgGb xf] . ;du| r]tgfn] sfd
u/]df Tof] k|fy{gf x'G5 . oxL k|fy{gf cJolerf/L lrQsf] wf/f xf] .
h'g k'?ifsf] dgdf lg/Gt/ k|e'sf] vf]hsf] Wjlg :klGbt eO/xG5 pm oL tLg u'0fnfO{
pNnª\3g u/]/ ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xddf Psefj x'gof]Uo x'G5 egL >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . oGqjt\ ¿kdf
d'vn] dfq /fd/fd pRrf/0f ug{' t/ leq cg]s ljrf/ rnfpg' ehg xf]Og . ehg ulx/f] k|lqmof
xf] . p7\bf, a:bf, ;'Tbf /f}F /f}Fdf s'g} /; k|jflxt eO/xg', k/dnfO{ kfpg] Ps dfq Wo]on] lg/Gt/
oxL lrGtg efjaf6 ul//xg' g} ehg xf] . zAbaf6 ;To / d'lQmnfO{ kfpg' 5 eg]/ gbf]xf]¥ofO{ leqL
efj / elQm;lxt lg/Gt/ ¿kdf k/dsf] Wofg ug{' g} ehg xf] . cfdfsf] Wofg h'g;'s} sfd
ul//xFbf klg cfˆgf] aRrfk|lt lg/Gt/ eO/xG5 To:t} xfd|f] elQmefj lg/Gt/ k|e'k|lt eO/xg' ehg
xf] . cJolerf/L efj eGgfn] k/dfTdfsf] w'gdf :d[lt lg/Gt/ ¿kdf h:tf];'s} sfo{ ubf{ klg
eO/xg' xf] / oxL g} k/dfTdfsf] cJolerf/L ehg xf] . xfdLn] ug]{ sfo{ aflx/L s[To dfq geP/
leqL ¿kdf k/dfTdfs} lrGtg ul//xg' cJolerf/L efj xf] .
kl/lwdf cg]s x'g ;S5g\ t/ s]G›df k/dfTdf dfq x'G5 . ha lrQ cJolerf/L x'G5, ta
lrQ s]G›df l:y/ x'G5 . s[i0fn] cJolerf/Ldf oqf] hf]8 lbg'sf] sf/0f cJolerf/L lrQn] dfq
r]tgfnfO{ Ps lbzfdf aufpF5 / JolQmnfO{ cgGt zlQmzfnL agfpF5 eGg] xf] . o:tf] k'?if tLg}
u'0fnfO{ pNnª\3g u/]/ ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xddf Psefj x'g of]Uo x'G5 eGb} >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x]
ch{'g Û Tof] cljgfzL k/d a|Xd, cd[t, lgTo wd{, cv08 tyf Ps/; cfgGbsf] …dÚ g} cf>o x'F .
Tof] k/d cfgGb, cd[t, k/d a|Xd, lgTo wd{ ;a}sf] cf>o >Ls[i0f g} x'g'x'G5 . of] s[i0f¿kL tŒj
xfdL ;a} leq n's]sf] 5 . ;d:t r]tgfx¿df ulx/f] cfTdefj g} s[i0f tŒj, ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xd,
cd[t, d'lQm, lgjf{0f jf s}jNo xf] . To;nfO{ k|fKt ug{ cJolerf/L r]tgfsf] wf/f / Pslqt Wofg
rflxG5 . hf] JolQm o:tf] cj:yfdf x'G5, pm tL u'0fsf] kf/ u'0fftLt k/a|Xd;Fu Ps} efjdf x'G5 .
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] u'0fqoljefuof]uf] gfd
rt'b{zf]˜WofoM ..!$..

nf]suLtf– 588
 cWofo–!$

nf]suLtf– 589
cWofo–!$

nf]suLtf– 590
 cWofo–!%
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
kGw|f}F cWofo
k'?iff]Qdof]uM

>Leujfg'jfr
pmWj{d"ndwMzfvdZjTy+ k|fx'/Jood\ .
5Gbf+l; o:o k0ff{lg o:t+ j]b ; j]bljt\ ..!..
u'0fqoof]usf af/]df atfPkl5 >Ls[i0fn] eGg'eof]– x] ch{'g Û h;sf] d"n dflylt/ / zfvf
tnlt/ 5, o:tf] ;+;f/¿kL j[IfnfO{ cljgfzL elgG5 . of] j[Ifsf kft j}lbs :tf]q x'g\ . o;
;+;f/¿kL j[IfnfO{ hf] k'?if d"n;lxt tŒjk"j{s hfGb5, To:tf] JolQmn] j]bsf] tfTko{nfO{ hfg]sf]
x'G5 ..
cwZrf]Wj{+ k|;[tf:t:o zfvf
u'0fk|j[4f ljifok|jfnfM .
cwZr d"nfGog';Gttflg
sdf{g'aGwLlg dg'ionf]s] ..@..
of] ;+;f/¿lk j[Ifsf tLg} u'0f¿k hnåf/f a9]sf] 5 Pjd\ ljifo ef]u¿k sf]ko'Qm b]x dg'io /
lto{s\ cflb of]lgx¿, zfvfx¿ tn / dfly ;j{q km}lnPsf 5g\ tyf dg'ioof]lgdf sd{åf/f afFWg]jfnf
cxd\, ddtf / jf;gf¿kL h8x¿ tn / dfly ;a} nf]sx¿df JofKt eO/x]sf 5g\ ..
k"jL{o / klZrdL b[li6sf]0f ljsf;sf ;DaGwdf ljk/Lt wf/0ff /fVb5g\ . klZrdL ljrf/sx¿
8fla{g, js{n], dfS;{ cflbn] hut\sf] ljsf; Go"gaf6 pRrlt/ eO/x]sf] dfGb5g\ . ctLtdf ljsf;
Go"g ePsf] x'Fbf ctLt lk5l8Psf] lyof] t/ jt{dfg ljsl;t / eljio cem ljsl;t x'g] 5 eGg]
pgLx¿sf] wf/0ff /x]sf] kfOG5 . of] ljrf/;/0fLsf] d"n ;|f]t pb\udnfO{ lgDg / ljsf;sf] clGtd
lzv/nfO{ >]i7 dfGg' xf] t/ k"jL{o b[li6sf]0f o;sf] l7s ljk/Lt 5 . k"jL{ dfGotfdf d"n pb\udnfO{
>]i7 dflgG5 . of] klZrdsf] l7s pN6f] ljrf/;/0fL xf] h;cg';f/ j[4 xf]Og afns >]i7 x'G5 /
cem} ue{df /x]sf] aLh >]i7 x'G5 . klZrddf h;nfO{ ljsf; dflgG5 k"j{df To;nfO{ ktg
dflgG5 . olb klZrdL ljsf;sf] wf/0ff l7s xf] eg] k/dfTdf cGtdf x'G5, h'g unt xf] lsgeg]
k/dfTdf k|yd xf] cGt xf]Og . h;nfO{ klZrd ljsf; eG5g\, Tof] k"j{sf] wf/0ffdf ktg xf] . t;y{
;+;f/ ljsf; geO{ ktg xf] lsgeg] k|ydnfO{ gkfO{ cGt kfpg ;lsFb}g .
xfdL hxfFaf6 cfof}F, Tof] d"n ;|f]teGbf xfdL dfly x'g ;Sb}gf}F . To;}n] ha s'g} JolQm cfˆgf]
hLjgsf] >]i7td cj:yfdf k'U5, ta Tof] k/d zflGt, df]If / ;dflwsf] cj:yf x'G5 . of] cj:yf
aRrf–cfdfsf] ue{df zfGt / d'Qm /x] h:tf] x'G5 . k|ydeGbf dfly hfg} ;lsGgF To;}n] xfdL hlt
cl3 a9\5fF}, Tolt g} kl5 hfG5f}F . ljsf; rqmfsf/ x'g] x'Fbf h'g ljGb'af6 ;'? x'G5, ToxL ljGb'df
cGt x'G5 . of] /]vfa4 x'Fb}g To;}n] k|yd clGtd x'G5 / hf] clGtd kfpg rfxG5 pm k|yd h:t}
x'g}k5{ . xfd|f] clGtd uGtJo k|yd x'g' g} xf] . hut\ k/dfTdfsf] ktg x'Fbf o;sf] ljsf;sf] Ps
dfq pkfo hut\ x/fP/ k'gM d"n ;|f]tdf cfpg'k5{ . o;nfO{ a'‰g ;s] dfq pN6f] j[Ifsf] s'/f a'‰g
;lsG5 .

nf]suLtf– 591
cWofo–!%
t/ o; b[Zo hut\\df pN6f] j[If x'Fb}g . oxfF aLh /f]k]kl5 j[If dflylt/ a9\5 . j[If lapsf]
cleJolQm / p;sf] r/d k|;Ggtf xf] . j[If dfly a9]h:tf] xfdL ;+;f/df dfly a9\b}gf}F . xfdL
;+;f/df hlt a9\5f}F, Tolt g} tnlt/ a9\5f}F . t;y{ uLtf / pklgifb\n] pN6f] j[If eg]sf] xf] lsgeg]
Tof] k/dfTdfsf] ljsf; geO{ ktg xf] . ;+;f/n] h;nfO{ ljsf; / pknlAw eG5, To;nfO{ xfdL
pknlAw dfGb}gf} lsgeg] ;+;f/sf] ef]u g} Tofuof]Uo 5 . klZrdL b[li6df wg sdfpg' / ;~ro ug{'
g} ljsf;dfg x'g' xf] eg] k"jL{o b[li6df l7s pN6f] wgdf df]x g/fvL Tofu ug'{ ljsf; xf] . dxfjL/,
a'4 h:tf JolQmx¿n] wgsf] ;fd|fHo Tofu u/L PSn} x'g'nfO{ xfdL ljsf;dfg ePsf] dfGb5f}F . pN6f]
j[Ifsf] wf/0ffdf log} s'/fx¿ ;dflxt 5g\ .
j[If hlt;'s} pN6f] eP klg Tof] k/dfTdf;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . hlt k/ eP klg h8;Fu
hf]l8Psf] x'Fbf o;sf zfvf k|zfvfdf klg ToxL ;'uGw x'G5 . zfvf hlt k/ eP klg h8;Fu
hf]l8Psf] x'G5 / h8;Fu 5'6\g] s'g} pkfo x'Fb}g . ;+;f/ ljk/Lt eP klg Tof] k/dfTdfsf] cleGg cË
xf] . ;+;f/ hlt k/ eP klg If0fe/ klg xfdL ;+;f/;Fu cnu geO{ k/dfTdf;Fu hf]l8Psf 5f}F .
k/dfTdfs} k|f0f/; ;+;f/df klg k|jflxt 5 . t;y{ k"j{ TofujfbL eP klg ;+;f/nfO{ zq'sf] ¿kdf
x]b}{g . ;+;f/ k/dfTdfsf] cleGg efu cyf{t\ tn au]sf] wf/f xf] . To;}n] ;+;f/k|lt zq'tf / 3[0ff
gu/L s]jn wf/fsf] ¿knfO{ abn]/ pb\udtkm{ n}hfg'k5{ eGg] dfGb5 . k/dfTdf pN6f] x'Fbf ;+;f/
x'G5 / ;+;f/ l;wf x'Fbf k/dfTdf pN6f] x'G5 . t;y{ ;+;f/df pN6f] eP/ afFRg' g} Ps dfq pkfo
x'G5 . ;+;f/df h'g s'/fnfO{ ;kmntf elgG5, Tof] ;a} ;To x'Fb}g . c;TonfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{ le8sf]
cfjZostf x'G5 t/ ;To PSn} klg k|z:t x'G5 . kbsf sf/0f /fhg}lts JolQmnfO{ ;+;f/n] ;kmn
dfGb5 t/ pgLx¿ leqaf6 slt ;kmn, v';L / cfglGbt 5g\ eGg] s'/f dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 .
hg]{n d]sf/y/ (General Douglas Macarthur) bf];|f] ljZjo'4sf sf/0f k|Voft JolQm lyP .
hfkfgdf Pp6f ;}lgs cEof;sf] lg/LIf0f ug{ hfFbf ToxfF ;}lgsx¿nfO{ Ps xf:o snfsf/n]
dgf]/~hg u/fO/x]sf lyP . hg]{nn] pQm snfsf/nfO{ cfkm";Fu tl:a/ lvRg af]nfP . hg]{n h:tf]
zlQmzfnL JolQm;Fu tl:a/ lvrfpg kfpFbf snfsf/n] cToGt} uf}/jflGjt cg'ej u/L s[t1tf tyf
cfef/ k|s6 u/] . hg]{nn] cfˆgf] sfG5f] 5f]/f] tL snfsf/sf] 7'nf] k|z+;s /x]sf] tyf pgnfO{ dxfg\
JolQm ;f]r]/ Ps tl:a/ ;fydf lvr]/ Nofpg cfu|x u/]sf] s'/f snfsf/nfO{ ;'gfP . hut\\sf x/]s
;kmntf o:t} x'G5g\ h'g dfGotfdf cfwfl/t x'G5g\ . of] ;+;f/sf] j[If l7s pN6f] ePh:t} oxfF
;kmn b]lvg] JolQmn] ljkmntfnfO{ n'sfPsf] x'G5 . wgL / v';L b]lvg] JolQm leqaf6 lgw{g / b'vL
x'G5g\ . of] pN6f]kg b]Vg rflxg] ljz]if b[li6 h'g If0f pknAw x'G5, ToxL If0faf6 xfdL ablng ;Sg]
5f}“ .
u'0fqoof]uaf/] ;DemfPkl5 >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ;+;f/¿kL lkknsf] j[If h;sf] d"n
dflylt/ / zfvf tnlt/ 5, To:tf] ;+;f/¿kL lkknsf] j[IfnfO{ cljgfzL elgG5 . j]b¿kL kft
ePsf] ;+;f/¿kL j[IfnfO{ h'g k'?if d"n;lxt tŒjk"j{s hfGb5, pm j]bsf] tfTko{ hfGg]jfnf 7x5{ .
d"n dflylt/ / zfvf tnlt/ ePsf] j[If eGg'sf] cy{ a'‰g sl7g 5 lsgeg] o; ;+;f/df t d"n
;bf tn / zfvf dfly x'G5g\ . dftflktf xfd|f d"n x'gfn] k"j{df pgLx¿sf] cfb/ / ;Ddfg ul/G5 .
dftflktf dfly eP dfq k/dfTdf klg dfly x'g ;S5g\ . dftflktf d"n geP k/dfTdf klg d"n x'g
;Sb}g . k/dfTdf of] hut\\s} d"n xf] .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f of] ;+;f/ pN6f] j[If xf] eGg'x'G5 . klZrddf dftflktfnfO{ ;Ddfg lbg] rng
5}g lsgeg] klZrddf d"nnfO{ dfly geO{ tn dflgG5, h'g x]bf{ oyfy{ h:tf] nfUb5 t/ xfdL
hxfFaf6 cfof}“, Tof] xfdLeGbf 7'nf] x'g}k5{ . To;}n] hh{ u'lh{okmsf] cf>ddf dftflktfnfO{ ;Ddfg

nf]suLtf– 592
 cWofo–!%
ug]{ JolQm dfq dg'io dfGg of]Uo x'G5 eg]/ n]lvPsf] 5 . xfdL sxfFaf6 / s;/L hlGdof}F / xfd|f]
d"n s] xf] eg]/ ;f]r]df xfdL hxfFaf6 hGd lnP/ cfof}F, Tof] xfdL eGbf 7'nf] x'g}k5{ .
>Ls[i0fsf] of] sygn] d"n >]i7 x'G5 eGb5 . hGd k|yd x'g] eP dfq hGd >]i7 x'G5, olb
cGt >]i7 x'g] eP d[To' >]i7 x'G5 . klZrd d[To'sf] / k"j{ hGdsf] ljZjf;L 5 . d"n dfly x'gfn]
o;sf] wf/f tnlt/ k|jflxt x'G5, To;}n] axfj dfly geP/ tn x'G5 . xfd|f] ;Lldt b[li6sf]0fsf
sf/0f lap /f]k]kZrft\ kfn'jf clg j[If dfly p7]sf] b]V5f}F t/ tn uPsf] b]Vb}gf}F . u'¿Œjfsif{0fsf]
l;4fGtn] ;a} s'/f tn tfGb5 . t;y{ j[If dfly p7]sf] b]Vg' xfd|f] e|flGt xf] . jf:tjdf j[Ifsf] d"n
h/f tnlt/ g} a9]sf] x'G5 . xjfO{ hxfh, rG›df of prfOaf6 x]bf{ j[If tnlt/ em'G8]sf] h:tf]
b]lvG5 t/ xfd|f] ;Lldt b[li6sf sf/0f xfdL dfly a9]sf] b]V5f}F . s[i0fsf cg';f/ ;a} ljsf; tnlt/
al9/x]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf sltko wd{sf dfGotf klg o:t} /x]sf 5g\ . ;gftg wd{n] hut\\nfO{
ktg g} dfGb5 . ktgsf] cy{ tnlt/sf] axfj xf] . tnsf] axfjaf6 prfOtkm{ hfg pb\udtkm{
kmls{g'k5{ . k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg' 5 eg] cfˆgf] hGdeGbf cl3sf] cj:yfdf kmls{P dfq hfGg ;lsG5
eg]/ hfkfgL h}gx¿ klg eGb5g\ .
cd]l/sfdf cy{/ hf]gf]e (Arthur Janov) n] Pp6f lrlsT;f k4lt (Primal therapy) sf]
ljsf; u/] . of] dgf]lrlsT;fdf df}lns ;To /x]sf] 5 . o; k4ltdf JolQm k"0f{ x'gsf nflu r]tgf
k5fl8 ue{sf] cj:yfdf k'Ug'k5{, ta la:tf/} pm k/d zfGt eP/ :j:y x'g yfN5 . hf]gf]en] w]/}
dfgl;s /f]uLx¿nfO{ of] lrlsT;f k4ltn] :j:Yf kf/] . aRrfsf] klxnf] /f]bgsf] cfjfh (Primal
screem) lgsfNg] cj:yfdf k'u]kZrft\ JolQmsf] ;f/f bf]if ;dfKt eP/ d"nnfO{ k|fKt u5{ . >]i7
pknAw x'g k|yd pknAw ePkl5 dfq ;Dej x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf d"n hf] k/dfTdf xf] p;sf]
bz{g x'G5 . To;}n] cufl8sf] bf}8af6 xf]Og, xfdL hf] klxn] lyof}F, hGdsf] cj:yfdf k'Ug' g}
pknlAw xf] / Tof] cj:yf kfpg' g} xfd|f] uGtJo xf] . cGo bf}8x¿n] czflGt dfq NofpF5g\ .
hGdsf] cj:yfnfO{ kfpg' g} xfd|f] d"n / :jefjnfO{ kfpg' xf] . hf] ;b}j lyof] / h;nfO{ kfpg s]xL
ug{'kb}{g ToxL cj:yfsf] bz{g kfpg' g} xfd|f] pknlAw xf] .
x] ch{'g Û h'g d"n dfly 5 / zfvfx¿ tn 5g\ o:tf] ;+;f/¿kL lkknsf] j[IfnfO{ cljgfzL
elgG5 . of] ;+;f/ slxNo} k"0f{ ljgfz x'Fb}g t/ k|ltkn gi6 eO/xG5, k'gM aG5 / k'gM ld6\5 . of]
k|lqmof rln g} /xG5 t/ k/dfTdf cljgfzL x'gfn] slxNo} gi6 x'Fb}g . of] ;+;f/ rqmfsf/ ¿kdf
3'ld/xG5 . To;}n] ;+;f/ aG5 / gi6 x'G5 t/ aGg] / gi6 x'g] k|lqmof slxNo} gi6 x'Fb}g . ;+;f/
rqm xf] / o;sf] 3'Dg] k|lqmof cljgfzL 5, hf] slxNo} gi6 x'Fb}g . s]jn aG5 clg ld6\5 .
k/dfTdfsf] l:ylt / ;+;f/sf] ult cljgfzL x'gfn] o;nfO{ /f]Sg] jf afwf k'¥ofpg] k|of; ug{' Joy{
5 . ;+;f/df cfh dfly / ;kmn JolQm ef]ln tn / c;kmn x'g ;S5g\ cGoyf csf]{ JolQm dfly
cfpg] af6f] g} aGb x'G5 . ;+;f/sf] ultsf] k|lqmofnfO{ afwf k'¥ofpg] JolQm c1fgL xf] eg] of]
k|lqmofnfO{ afwf gk'¥ofO{ cfkm" /f]lsg] JolQm 1fgL xf] .
of] k|lqmofnfO{ /f]Sg vf]Hg' Joy{ xf] lsgeg] oxfF zflGt / ;'vnfO{ /f]Sg ;lsGg . xfdLx¿sf]
;f/f b[li6 ;+;f/df ePsf]n] xfd|f] dg ;'vL x'g ;Sb}g t/ ;'v–b'vnfO{ ›i6fsf] ¿kdf ;fIfL eP/
x]g]{ JolQm o; rqmaf6 kf/ x'G5 . ;+;f/nfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ vf]Hg' d"9tf xf] . cljgfzL k/dfTdf /
cljgfzL ;+;f/sf] ult b'j} dg'iosf] /]vfdf ldN5g\ . b'j} cljgfzL xfdLleq l:yt 5g\ . h;sf]
l:ylt slxNo} gfz x'Fb}g, Tof] k/dfTdf / h;sf] k|lqmof slxNo} gfz x'Fb}g Tof] ;+;f/ b'j}sf] ;Ldf
xfdLdf 5 . tnsf] ofqf ;+;f/lt/ / dflysf] ofqf k/dfTdflt/ x'G5 . d"ndf k/dfTdf / zfvfdf
;+;f/ 5 . o:tf] d"n dfly / ;+;f/ tn ePsf] lkknsf] j[IfnfO{ cljgfzL elgG5 .

nf]suLtf– 593
cWofo–!%
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;+;f/¿kL zfvfdf nfu]sf kftx¿ j]b / 1fg x'g\, k/dfTdf d"n / ;+;f/
zfvf xf] . jf;gf¿kL zfvf 1fg¿kL kfteGbf d"n;Fu glhs b]lvG5 lsgeg] jf;gf zfvf xf] / j]b
kft h:tf] ePsf]n] j]bnfO{ s07:y ug]{ JolQmsf] d"n;Fu s'g} ;DaGw x'Fb}g pm s]jn kftx¿df
;Lldt x'G5 . klxn]sf] zf:q ;'s]sf] kftdf n]lvGYof] h'g ;a} d'bf{ kft x'g≤\ To:t} ;a} zf:qx¿
klg d'bf{ kft h:t} x'g\ . of] d'bf{kft eGbf t jf;gf g} hLjGt x'G5 . To;}n] j]bsf] kftdf 8'a]sf]
JolQmeGbf jf;gfdf 8'a]sf] ;fwf/0f JolQm k/dfTdf;Fu glhs x'G5 . jf;gfsf] kf/ hfg' 5 eg] of
t jf;gfaf6 d"ndf hfg ;lsG5 hxfF k/dfTdf x'G5 of 1fglt/ hfg ;lsG5, hxfF kftx¿ dfq
x'G5g\ . olb 1fglt/ uof}“ eg] d"naf6 emg\ 6f9f x'G5f}“ / 1fgdf g} clNem/xG5f}“ t/ d"nlt/ uof}“
eg] k/dfTdfdf k'Ug] 5f“} . b'j} cj:yfdf zfvfaf6 xl6G5 . kftdf dfq 8'a]sf] JolQmsf] d"n
k/dfTdf;Fu k"/} ;DaGw 5'6\5 t;y{ k/dfTdf;Fu lgs6 x'g zfvfaf6 5'6]/ d"nsf] lbzftkm{
hfg'k5{ .
j]bsf] cleJolQm j]bdf dfq xf]Og ;+;f/¿kL j[Ifsf] d"n;lxtdf 5 eg]/ tŒjk"j{s hfGg]
JolQmn] g} j]bsf] oyfy{ tfTko{ hfg]sf] x'G5 . hf] JolQm j[Ifsf zfvf, kft, kmn cflb ;a}nfO{
tŒjk"j{s hfGb5, pxL JolQm j]bsf] tfTko{nfO{ hfGg] JolQm 7x5{ . d"n;lxt of] ;f/f ;+;f/nfO{
h;n] hfGb5 pxL JolQm j]bnfO{ klg hfGg] JolQm xf] . j]bsf af/]df ;+:s[t / Jofs/0f ghfg] klg
o;sf] tfTko{ hfGg] JolQm g} j]bnfO{ hfGg] JolQm x'G5 . tfTko{ eg]sf] km"n xf]Og km"ndf /x]sf]
;'uGw cyf{t\ ;f/nfO{ hfGg' xf] . j]b klg km"nh:tf] 5 . o;sf] ;'uGw rf}tkmL{ lj:tL0f{ 5 /
;+;f/el/af6 s0f–s0fdf j]bsf] hGd eO/x]sf] 5 . j]bsf] cy{ 1fg / hfGg' xf] . oxfF k|ltkn 1fg /
hfGg] ;Defjgf 5 t/ hfGgsf nflu cfFvf v'nf /fVg h?/L 5 . of] ;+;f/nfO{ d"n;lxt tŒjk"j{s
hfGg] JolQmn] j]bsf] tfTko{ hfGb5 .
of] j[If¿kL ;+;f/df jf;gfn] tnlt/ nfG5 t/ dflylt/ uPdf jf;gf ;dfKt x'G5 eg]/
e|flGtdf kg'{x'Fb}g lsgeg] zfvf tnlt/ ofqf u/]/ df]l8P/ dflylt/ ofqf u/]sf] klg x'g ;S5 .
h:tf] JolQmn] wgnfO{ cfˆgf] cxª\sf/;Fu afFw]/ /fv]sf] x'G5 / Ps lbg wg 5f]8]/ Tofult/ df]l8P/
TofunfO{ cxª\sf/df afFw]sf] klg x'g ;S5 . lxhf] wgdf ePsf] cxª\sf/ cfh Tofudf ;/]sf] x'g
;S5 . To;}n] lbzf / cfofd ablnP klg zfvf / d"n wf/f ablnPsf] x'Fb}g . lbzf ablng ;lhnf]
x'G5 t/ :jod\nfO{ abNg sl7g x'G5 . h;n] :jod\nfO{ abNg ;S5 p;nfO{ lbzfsf af/]df lrlGtt
x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf /xFb}g . d"n :d/0f eof] eg] zfvf tnlt/ uP klg s]xL km/s kb}{g .
ef]ud} /x]/ klg d"nsf] lj:d/0f gePdf Tofu ckl/xfo{ x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f :jod\ klg o:t}
k|s[ltsf JolQm x'g'x'G5 . zfvfsf] k|f0fsf] af6f] dfq ablnP/ d"nlt/ axfj ;''? eof] eg] p;nfO{
pb\ud / k|ydsf] :d/0f x'g yfN5 . ;+;f/¿kL zfvfx¿ rln/x] klg r]tgf / Wofg d"ndf x'g'k5{ .
k|foM o;sf] pN6f] dflg;x¿ zfvf¿kL OlG›on] c8\sfpg] 8/n] cfFvf kmf]8\5g\ t/ cfFvf kmf]8]/
r]tgfsf] wf/f ablnFb}g . zfvf gx'Fbf ult x'Fb}g eGg] wf/0ffn] ;+;f/df zfvf sf6\g] JolQmx¿sf]
;ª\Vof lgs} 5 t/ ult leqsf] wf/0ffn] x'G5 eGg] s'/faf6 pgLx¿ cgle1 5g\ . 3/df /x]/ klg
;GGof;L x'g ;lsG5 / s}og\ ;GGof;L u[x:y h:t} hLjg lgjf{x ug]{x¿ klg 5g\ .
jf;gf dfly tn ;j{q lbzfdf alu/x]sf] x'Fbf of] stf au]sf] 5 eGbf klg s] pm pb\ud;Fu
;DalGwt 5 eGg] hfGg h?/L x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ pb\udsf] cyf{t\ uef{j:yfsf] Wofg slxNo} cfpFb}g .
d[To' hf] cGt xf] To;sf] ljrf/ slxn]sfxLF cfpg ;S5 t/ hf] k|yd xf] To;sf] ;Demgf slxNo}
cfpFb}g . xfd|f] uxg tndf n's]sf] pb\udnfO{ vf]Hg'k5{ . Tof] laGb' h'g xfd|f] cfudgsf] k|yd :yfg
xf], h'g clGtd klg x'g ;S5, To; pb\udnfO{ vf]Hg'k5{ . k|yd ue{sf] 1fg xfdLd} lglxt 5 s]jn

nf]suLtf– 594
 cWofo–!%
To;sf] vf]hL dfq ug{'k5{ . gf} dlxgfsf] ue{sf] l:ylt xfdLleq n's]sf] 5 / pb\ud cem ulx/fOdf
xfd|f] gf} dlxg] ue{eGbf klg w]/}leq n's]sf] 5 . ue{eGbf klxn] xfd|f] k'/fgf] z/L/ 5'6]/ xfdL gofF
z/L/sf] tof/Ldf h'g cfTd¿kdf lyof}F, To;sf] klg :d[lt cfpg ;S5 . To;eGbf klxn] cg]s
hGdsf] :d[lt n's]sf] 5 / of] :d[lteGbf cem leq csf]{ :d[lt 5 hxfF s'g} hGd / d[To' 5}g . oL
;a} hGdx¿ ofqfsf la;f}gL dfq x'g\ / xfdL t s]jn ofqL dfq xf}F . ha of] clGtd :d[lt cfpF5,
ta xfdL Tof] pb\udsf af/]df hfGb5f}F / ToxL hfGg' cd[tnfO{ hfGg' xf] h'g xfd|f] nIo xf] .
a'4 o;nfO{ lgjf{0f / kt~hln o;nfO{ ;dflw eGg'x'G5 . xfd|f] vf]h ckl/lrtsf] x'g
;Sb}g . To;}n] xfdL O{Zj/ / cfgGbsf] vf]h u5f}{+ lsgeg] xfdLnfO{ sxLF leq cfgGb / O{Zj/sf]
hfgsf/L 5 . cfgGbsf] vf]h xfd|f] >]i7td / d"nsf] g} vf]h xf] . cfgGb xfd|f] k|yd cg'ej lyof]
To;nfO{ g} km]l/ kfpg' 5 . ;dflw xfd|f] k'gh{Gd x'g] cj:yfsf] vf]h xf] . hfkfgsf h}gx¿ o;
cj:yfnfO{ …;tf]/LÚ eGb5g\ h'g ;dflwsf] klxnf] emns xf] . ;dflwdf a9\b} uPkl5 k"/f a|Xdf08
xfd|f] ue{ x'G5 / xfdL ue{sf] lx:;f x'G5f}F . o;}nfO{ kt~hlnn] k/d ;dflw eg]sf 5g\ .
uLtfsf] of] ax'd"No sygsf] tfTko{ cufl8nfO{ la;L{ k5fl8 ctLtnfO{ ;Demg'k5{ eGg] xf] .
h] kfpg' 5 To;nfO{ jf:tf gu/L hf] kfPs} 5 s]jn lj:d[lt dfq ePsf] 5, To;sf] vf]h u/L k'gM
:d[lt k|fKt ug{' eGg] xf] . ult rqmfsf/ x'Fbf hlt kl5 uOG5, plt g} cufl8 k'luG5 . hxfF h/f 5
ToxL j[Ifsf] clGtd km"n klg 5 . j[Ifdf km"n km'n]kl5 cGtdf km"n emg{ yfN5, ta of] rqm k"/f
x'G5 . aLh /f]k]kl5 j[If x'G5 clg kmnkm"nn] j[If 9kSs x'G5, To;kl5 kmnkm"n emg{ yfN5 / k'gM
aLhsf] pbo x'G5 . Ps rqm hxfFaf6 ofqf ;'? x'G5, ToxLF uP/ ofqf k"/f x'G5 . k/dfTdfaf6 xfdL
k|f/De ePsf 5fF} / k/dfTdfd} cGt x'g] 5f}F . t;y{ k|yd g} clGtd klg xf] .
t/ dg s]jn cufl8 dfq bf}l8G5 k5fl8sf] af6f] p;nfO{ yfxf g} 5}g . k5fl8 xfdLn]
cgluGtL b'vx¿ n'sfPsf 5fF} . To;}n] Tof] ctLt vf]hL ubf{ k'gM b'v k|s6 x'G5 / Tof] b'vaf6 k'gM
kL8f x'G5 . xfdLn] eljiodf w]/} cfzfx¿sf] ;kgf agfPsf 5f}F . To;}n] ctLtsf] ofqf ug{ xfdL
eoeLt x'G5f}F . b'v kL8faf6 d'Qm x'g klg of] ctLtsf] :d/0f ug{' h?/L x'G5 . To;nfO{ ;r]tg
¿kdf x]/]/ Tof] kL8faf6 u'lh|Pkl5 dfq Tof] xfd|f] :d[ltaf6 d'Qm x'G5 . ;+:sf/ / sd{ o;/L g} IfL0f
x'G5g\ . n's]sf] kL8fnfO{ k'gM :d/0f ug]{ JolQm xn'sf x'G5 . :d[lt ug{ hlt ljnDa u¥of] plt g}
ctLt nfdf] x'G5 tTf\kZrft\ o;nfO{ a'‰g emg} sl7g x'G5 . To;}n] ue{sf] cj:yf;Ddsf] ofqfsf]
kL8fnfO{ l5§} :d/0f u/L o;af6 d'Qm eP/ k|ydsf] bz{g u/f}F hf] xfd|f] nIo / uGtJo klg xf] .
hlt l9nf u¥of] plt g} k5fl8 hfg sl7g x'G5 .
wd{ :jod\nfO{ ;kmf ug]{ dfu{ xf] lsgeg] :jod\ ;kmf x'g' eg]sf] k/dfTdf eP/ df]If kfpg'
xf] . xfd|f] kmf]xf]/ / af]em g} ;+;f/ xf] . af]em g} xfd|f] afwf xf] . xfdL lgaf]{em eof}F eg] dfq k/dfTdf
x'g ;S5f}F . t;y{ cufl8sf] bf}8df ;do glatfP/ k5fl8 kmls{g l;Sg'k5{ . xfd|f] dg ;kgfdf
bf}l8/x]sf] 5 / xfdL ;kgf 5f]8\g tof/ x'Fb}gf}F . :jod\nfO{ e'Ng' / lj:d/0f ug{' ;kgfsf] cy{ xf] eg]
k5fl8 kmls{g] k|lqmof :jod\nfO{ :d/0f ug]{ k|lqmof xf] . xfd|f] ue{df s'g} ;kgf lyPg, To;}n] xfdL
ToxLF kms{g'k5{ . hxfFaf6 k|f/De ePsf] 5, ToxL laGb'nfO{ kfpg' xf];k"0f{ cj:yf xf] . xfdLn] k|f/De
ePsf] If0fnfO{ ;lDemg] k|of; ug'{k5{ . ;[li6 t ;b}j 5, xfdL dfq slxn] o;df cfof}F ToxL vf]Hg
h?/L 5 . of] k|f/Desf] laGb' cufl8 xfdL k/dfTdf lyof}F / laGb'kl5 zfvfx¿df e8\lsof}F . h'g If0f
:jod\nfO{ of] rqm aflx/ /x]sf] cg'ej x'G5 ToxL If0f cfgGb k|fKt x'G5, h'g xfd|f] d"n / k|yd xf] .
oxL cfgGbsf] vf]hL g} xfd|f] clGtd nIo x'Fbf Tof] kf/ ePkl5 ToxL If0f xfd|f] ofqf aGb x'G5
lsgeg] xfdL ToxL cfgGb vf]Hg ;+;f/df cfPsf xf}F .

nf]suLtf– 595
cWofo–!%
ctLt g} xfd|f] k|yd / cGt xf] . ;+;f/ t ktg dfq xf] . Wofgsf] k|of]uaf6 xfdL pN6f] j[If
xf}F eGg] 1ft x'G5 . oxL 1ft x'gf;fy ;Dk"0f{ /x:ox¿ v'Nb5g\ / xfd|f] d"n dfly / zfvfx¿ tn
5g\ eGg] 1ft x'G5 . xfdLn] ;f]r]sf] ljsf; ktg xf] / h;nfO{ k5fl8 7fG5f}F ToxL cGt xf] .
xfdLleq /x]sf] ctLtnfO{ ha;Dd :d/0f u/]/ eljiosf nflu of] Joy{ xf] eGg] cg'ej xfl;n
ub}{gf}F, ta;Dd oxL xfd|f nflu afwf x'G5 . t;y{ ctLtnfO{ :d/0f u/]/ To;nfO{ :jR5 P]gf h:tf]
kfg{ h?/L 5 tfls ef]ln k'gM o:tf] 36gf g36f];\ / ctLtn] xfdLnfO{ gk5\ofcf];\ / eljiosf
nflu sbd rfNg klg ctLtsf] cg'ejn] d2t u/f];\ .
g ¿kd:o]x tyf]knEot]
gfGtf] g rflbg{ r ;Dk|lti7f .
cZjTyd]g+ ;'lj¿9d"n–
d;Ëz:q]0f b[9]g l5Œjf ..#..
of] ;+;f/¿kL j[If h:tf] elgPsf] 5 To:tf] 5}g lsgeg] o;sf] g cflb 5 g cGt 5 g /fd|/L
l:yt 5 . o;sf/0f of] cxGtf ddtf / jf;gf¿kL clt b[9 ;+;f/¿kL j[IfnfO{ b[9 j}/fUo¿kL z:qn]
sf6\g ;lsG5 ..
ttM kb+ tTkl/dflu{tJo+–
ol:dGutf g lgjt{lGt e"oM .
td]j rfB+ k'?if+ k|kB]
otM k|j[lQM k|;[tf k'/f0fL ..$..
j}/fUo¿kL xltof/n] sf6]kl5 of] k/d kb¿kL k/d]Zj/nfO{ /fd|/L vf]Hg'k5{, hxfF uPsf] k'?if
km]l/ kmls{P/ cfpFb}g / h'g k/dfTdfaf6 of] k'/ftg ;+;f/¿kL j[Ifsf] k|j[lQ lj:tf/ ePsf] 5, pxL
cflbk'?if k/d]Zj/sf] z/0fdf 5' eg]/ z/0ffut x'g'k5{ ..
lgdf{gdf]xf lht;Ëbf]iff–
cWofTdlgTof ljlgj[QsfdfM .
åGå}lj{d'QmfM ;'vb'Mv;~1}
u{R5GTod"9fM kbdJoo+ tt\ ..%..
dfg, df]x / cf;lQm¿kL bf]ifnfO{ lhlt;s]sf], k/dfTdfsf] :j¿kdf lg/Gt/ l:ylt
agfO;s]sf], sfdgf /fd|f];uF gi6 eO;s]sf] / ;'v b'vsf] åGåaf6 ljd'Qm ePsf] 1fgLhg g} Tof]
cljgfzL k/dkbdf k|fKt x'G5 ..
of] ;+;f/¿kL j[Ifsf] ¿ksf af/]df h:tf] elgPsf] 5 To:tf] oxfF kfOFb}g lsgeg] o;sf] g
cflb 5 g cGt 5 g t /fd|/L l:yt g} 5 . hnåf/f a9]sf] ;+;f/¿kL j[Ifsf] sf]ko'Qm b]x dg'io /
lto{s cflb of]gLx¿, zfvfx¿ / o;df sd{åf/f afFWg]jfnf cxd, ddtf / jf;gf¿kL h8 /
zfvfx¿ tn dfly ;j{q JofKt eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;sf/0f of] cxGtf, ddtf / jf;gf¿kL clt b[9
;+;f/¿kL lkknsf] j[IfnfO{ b[9 j}/fUo¿kL z:qn] sf6\g] s'/f >Ls[i0f atfpg'x'G5 . s[i0fn] lbg'
ePsf] pN6f] j[Ifsf] sNkgf xfd|f] vf]hLåf/f k|fKt x'Fb}g . klxnf]– xfdL Tof] j[Ifsf] Pp6f ;fgf] zfvf
xf}F . To;}n] xfdL j[IfnfO{ vf]Hg ;Sb}gf}F / xfdL Tof] j[IfnfO{ k/ eP/ klg b]Vg ;Sb}gf}F . xfdL Tof]
j[Ifsf cË xfF}, To;}n] Tof] j[If h;sf] h8dfly / kftx¿ tn 5g\, To;nfO{ pN6f] plePsf] b]Vg
;Sb}gf}F . xfdLx¿ kft / zfvf ePsfn] j[IfeGbf k/ uP/ b]Vg klg ;Sb}gf}F . ;+;f/¿kL j[Ifsf] of]

nf]suLtf– 596
 cWofo–!%
pN6f] cj:yfnfO{ Wofgsf] u'Xo cj:yfdf dfq b]Vg ;lsG5 lsgeg] Wofgsf] u'Xo cj:yfdf xfdL
j[Ifsf] clg ;+;f/s} cË /xFb}gf}F . To;}n] To; l:yltdf dfq pN6f] j[Ifsf] k"/f ¿k b]Vg ;lsG5 .
of] ;+;f/¿kL j[Ifsf] lj/f6tfnfO{ a'l4n] hfGg ;lsGg . xfdL ;+;f/sf] 5]p6'Kkf] g} lgwf{/0f
ug{ ;Sb}gf}F . hlt vf]h u¥of] plt g} of] ;+;f/¿kL j[If ljzfn nfU5 . k|To]s lbg gofF ;"o{ tyf
tf/fx¿ vf]haf6 kQf nflu/x]sf 5g\ . of] vf]hsf] s'g} ;Ldf / cGt g} 5}g . hlthlt cufl8 a9\of]
plt plt gofF vf]hsf] ;Defjgf k|z:t ePsf] kfOG5 . j[If lj/f6\ 5 / o;sf] cflb / cGTo g}
5}g . t;y{ o;nfO{ b]Vg xfdL c;dy{ 5f}F . %) xhf/ k[YjLx¿df clxn] hLjg 5 jf x'g'k5{ eGg]
j}1flgsx¿sf] cg'dfg 5 . j[Ifsf] Pp6f zfvf ;'Sg]lalQs} csf]{ zfvf knfpF5 . k'/fgf] kft ;'Sg]
qmdd} x'G5, gofF kftsf] pbo x'G5 . of] >[Înf cgGt 5 . To;}n] g cufl8, g k5fl8, g dWodf g}
pleg] pkfo 5 lsgeg] xfdL oxL >[ª\vnfleq kb{5f}F . ;+;f/sf] s]jn ult x'G5 l:ylt x'Fb}g .
k/dfTdfsf] dfq l:ylt x'G5 . a'4 eGg'x'G5– ;+;f/df 5 eGg] s]xL klg 5}g lsgeg] ;a} rnfodfg
5 . t;y{ j[If 5 eGg' eGbf j[If eO/x]sf] 5 eGg' pko'Qm x'G5 . o; ;+;f/df k/dfTdfsf] l:ylt
dfq l:y/ 5, cGo ;a} ultdfg\ 5g\ . oxfF ;a} s'/f eO/x]sf] 5, s'g} klg …5Úsf] l:yltdf 5}g .
xfdL afnfkg, hjfgL of j[4fj:yf ;a} 5 eG5f}F t/ …5Úsf] l:yltdf sf]xL 5}g . xfdL hjfg
5 eG5f}F t/ pm hjfg eO/x]sf] x'G5 . ;+;f/df s'g} s'/f …5Úsf] l:yltdf 5}g lsgeg] sxLF klg s]xL
/f]lsPsf] 5}g . k/dfTdfafx]s s]xL l:yt 5}g, c¿ ;a} gbLsf] axfj h:tf] 5 . xfdL gbLh:tf]
alu/x]sf 5f}F . j[If klg alu/x]sf] 5 t/ xfdL To;nfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}gf}“ . oxfF x/]s s'/f knkn
kl/jt{g eO/x]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] b]Vg' / a'‰g' cufj} kl/jt{g eO;S5 . afbnh:tf] k"/f hut\\ oxfF
w'j}w'jfF 5 . ha;Dd l:ylt pknAw x'Fb}g, ta;Dd s'g} klg a'l4sf] l:y/tf x'g ;Sb}g / ta;Dd
1fgsf] klg s'g} cj:yf x'Fb}g .
To;}n] lxGb" wd{sf] ;f/f k|of; s;/L ultaf6 d'Qm eP/ l:y/tf k|fKt ug{ ;S5f}F eGg] xf] .
of] leqsf] lrQsf] /f]lsg] gfd g} Wofg xf] . leqsf] ult, k|jfx / sDkg ;dfKt eP To;} If0f JolQm
k/dfTdfdf k|ltli7t x'G5 . gbLh:tf] au'Gh]n xfdL ;+;f/df x'G5f}F / /f]lsPkl5 k/dfTdf x'G5f}F, ta
k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;S5f}+ . lj1fgaf6 ;+;f/nfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 t/ k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;lsGg
lsgeg] k/dfTdf b[Zo 5}g . k/dfTdfsf] pkl:ylt gb]lvgfn] pm 5 of 5}g to ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k/dfTdf l:y/ ePsfn] p;nfO{ dfq hfGg ;lsG5 . k/dfTdf s"6:y, l:y/
/ ckl/jlt{t 5 . t;y{ pxfFdf >4f ug{ ;lsG5 . k/dfTdf sNk–sNk, o'u–o'ukl5 klg pxL x'G5 .
;+;f/ t 5fofh:tf] x'Fbf e/f];fof]Uo klg 5}g . ;+;f/ k|ltkn ablng] x'Fbf o;nfO{ hfGg] pkfo g}
5}g lsgeg] o;sf] s'g} l:ylt g} 5}g . To;}n] of] cxGtf, ddtf / jf;gf¿kL clt b[9 ;+;f/¿kL
lkknsf] j[IfnfO{ b[9 j}/fUo¿kL z:qåf/f sf6]/ k/dkb ¿k k/d]Zj/nfO{ vf]Hg'k5{ .
;+;f/nfO{ hfg]/ klg slxNo} s;}n] hfGg ;s]sf] 5}g t;y{ o;nfO{ hfGg] k|of; ug{' g} Joy{
5 . ;o jif{ klxn] lj1fgn] xfdL rfF8} g} ;a} s'/f hfGg] 5f}F eg]/ ;f]RbYof] . clxn]sf j}1flgsx¿
;+;f/nfO{ k"/f hfGg c;Dej 5 eGb5g\ . oxfF hlt hfGof] Tolt g} cGhfg /x:ox¿sf] ;fdgf
ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . Pp6f ;d:of xn ubf{ub}{ csf]{ ;d:of cufl8 cfpF5 . ;+;f/sf] hfgsf/L sfd
rnfpg] ck"0f{ 1fg dfq xf] . k/dfTdf dfq l:yt x'Fbf pxfFnfO{ dfq hfGg ;lsG5 . wd{sf cltl/Qm
1fgsf] s'g} åf/ 5}g . xfd|f] ultaf6 k/dfTdfsf] l:ylt;Fu ldng x'g ;Sb}g . ha xfdL l:yt x'G5f}“,
ta k/dfTdf;Fu xfd|f] ldng x'G5 . of] ;+;f/¿kL j[Ifsf] hfgsf/Ln] dfq s]xL x'Fb}g . cxGtf, ddtf
/ jf;gf¿kL oL tLg}nfO{ j}/fUo¿kL z:qåf/f sf6]/ To; pk/fGt Tof] k/dkb k/d]Zj/nfO{ /fd|/L

nf]suLtf– 597
cWofo–!%
vf]Hg'k5{ . of] g} l:y/tf k|fKt ug]{ Ps dfq pkfo xf] . j[IfnfO{ vf]Hg] xf]Og o;nfO{ sf6]/ Tof] d"n
pb\ud, Tof] lap, Tof] d"n ;|f]tsf] vf]h u/f}F h;sf] ktg j[If¿kL ;+;f/ xf] .
lap /f]k]kl5 j[If lgl:sG5 t/ ToxL lap kmf]8]/ x]bf{ ToxfF s]xL e]l6Fb}g . lap t s]jn vf]n
dfq xf] hf] /f]k]kl5 km'6\5, uN5 / df6f]df ljnLg x'G5 . z"Go hf] lapleq n's]sf] x'G5, ToxL
z"Goaf6 j[If lgl:sG5 . ToxL lapleq n's]sf] z"Go g} pb\ud xf] . ha xfdL Tof] z"Godf k|j]z ug{
;Ifd x'G5f}F, ta dfq Tof] d"nsf] / ;Tosf] cg'ej ;Dej x'G5 . To;}n] a'4n] cfˆgf] ;f/f wd{nfO{
z"Gotfsf] /Ë k|bfg ug{'eof] / ToxL z"Gotfdf k|j]z ug{ ;Sg' g} pknlAw xf] eGg'eof] . h] b[Zo
x'G5, To;leq cb[Zo n's]sf] x'G5 . >Ls[i0f Tof] cb[ZonfO{ hfGg] b'O{ pkfo eGg'x'G5 . klxnf]
j}/fUon] cxGtf, ddtf / jf;gfnfO{ sf6\g' xf] eg] bf];|f] k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf z/0ffut x'g' xf] . h'g–
h'g ;'v b]v]/ To;df ljr/0f ug]{ ljrf/ ul/G5, Tof] ;'v xf]Og eg]/ af]w x'g' g} j}/fUo xf], h'g
;+;f/nfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfg]/ dfq k|fKt x'G5 . d[u dl/lrsft'No ;'vsf] k|ltljDasf k5fl8 efUbf
s]jn b'v dfq xft nfU5 . of] ;f/f hLjgsf] lgrf]8 j}/fUo xf] . xhf/f}F jf;gfsf] af6f]df lxF8]/ klg
ha ckjfb/lxt ¿kdf Pp6} cg'ej k|fKt x'G5, ta j}/fUosf] hGd x'G5 . j}/fUo jf;gfsf]
c;kmntfsf] ;tt cg'ej xf] .
oxL cg'ej g} cxª\sf/, ddtf / jf;gf sf6\g] z:q xf] . jf;gf wf]sf lbg] s'zn k|j~rs
xf]≤ t;y{ jf;gfn] ;'v k|tLt u/fpF5 t/ b'v dfq k|fKt x'G5 . ha JolQm ;'vsf k5fl8 bf}l8P/
b'vafx]s s]xL k|fKt ub}{g, ta b'vsf k5fl8 bf}l8Fbf ;'v k|fKt x'G5 ls eGg] cfzfn] ljk/Lt ofqf
u5{ . jf;gf k|j~rs x'G5 eGg] af]w g} j}/fUo xf] . b'vsf] vf]h tk xf] . j}/fUo jf;gfsf]
ljkmntfsf] cg'ej xf] . of] cg'ej ha ulx/f] x'G5, ta ToxL z:q aGb5 / ToxL j}/fUo¿kL z:qn]
jf;gfnfO{ sf6]/ l5GgleGg kfg'{k5{ . j}/fUosf] z:qsf] cy{ leq Ps k|sf/sf] ;hutf x'g' /
jf;gfsf] cj/f]w aGg' xf] . x/]s jf;gfkl5 j}/fUosf] ;fgf] emns b]lvG5 . t/ If0fe/sf] cg'ej
z:q aGg kfpFb}g . xfd|f] cg'ejsf cltl/Qm 1fgsf] s'g} dfu{ 5}g . xfdL cg'ej ;~ro ug{
;Sb}gf}F≤ To;}n] Tof] z:q aGg ;Sb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] j[IfnfO{ j}/fUo¿kL z:qn] sf6]/ To; pk/fGt k/dkb k/d]Zj/nfO{
/fd|/L vf]Hg'k5{ h;df uPsf] k'?if km]l/ ;+;f/df kmls{P/ cfpFb}g / h'g k/d]Zj/af6 of] k'/ftg
;+;f/¿kL j[Ifsf] k|j[lQ lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 To;} cflbk'?ifsf] z/0fdf d 5' egL lgZro u/]/ dfq
k/dfTdf kfpg ;lsG5 . xfdL af/Daf/ hlGdG5f}F / d5f}{+ . xfd|f] x/]s hGd tyf d/0f d"R5f{d} x'g]
x'Fbf of] hGdeGbf cl3 klg xfdL lyof}F eg]/ xfdLnfO{ ;Demgf x'Fb}g . To;}n] oxL hGd g} klxnf] /
d[To' clGtd h:tf] nfU5 . xfdL xf];k"j{s dg{ ;Sof}F eg] hGd klg xf];k"j{s g} x'G5 . xf];k"j{s
/Xof}F eg] xfdL cl3Nnf] hGddf klg lkmtf{ hfg ;S5f}F . o; efFtL hf] JolQm xf];k"j{s k5fl8
kmls{G5, p;sf] cufl8sf nflu klg xf];sf] Ifdtf lgld{t x'G5 . p;sf] d[To' / hGd b'j} xf];k"j{s
x'G5 . xf];k"j{s afFRg] JolQmnfO{ ;+;f/n] afFWg ;Sb}g lsgeg] d"R5f{n] dfq xfdLnfO{ afFW5 .
j}/fUoåf/f cxGtf, jf;gf / ddtfnfO{ sf6]/ hf] JolQm k/d]Zj/nfO{ cyf{t\ cfˆgf] d"n pb\udnfO{
vf]H5 To:tf] JolQm km]l/ ;+;f/df lkmtf{ x'Fb}g . ;+;f/df xfdL af/Daf/ d"R5f{sf sf/0f lkmtf{ x'G5f}F .
h'g k/d]Zj/af6 of] k'/ftg ;+;f/¿kL j[Ifsf] k|j[lQ lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 ToxL cflbk'?ifsf]
z/0fdf d 5' eGg] b[9 lgZro u/]/ h;sf] dfg / df]x gi6 ePsf] 5 tyf h;n] cf;lQm¿kL
bf]ifnfO{ lhlt;s]sf] 5 / k/dfTdfsf] :j¿kdf lg/Gt/ l:yt 5 clg h;sf] sfdgf gi6 eO;s]sf]
5 o:tf] ;'vb'v gfds åGåaf6 ljd'Qm ePsf 1fgLhg Tof] cljgfzL k/d kbdf k|fKt x'G5g\ eg]/
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . d Tof] cflb pb\udsf] z/0fdf 5' eGg] syg dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . z/0fsf] efj ax'd"No

nf]suLtf– 598
 cWofo–!%
5 lsgeg] jf;gf j}/fUoaf6 sf6\g ;lsG5 t/ klg cxª\sf/ z]if g} /xG5 . jf;gfsf]
lj;h{gkZrft\ klg j}/fUosf] cxª\sf/ afFsL /xG5 . d jf;gf TofUg jf gi6 ug{ tyf TofuL jf
j}/fuL x'g ;kmn ePsf] eGg] cxª\sf/sf] clUg aNg yfN5 / To;n] gofF ;"Id ¿k lnO{ emg\
cxª\sf/ k|uf9 x'G5≤ t;y{ z/0fsf] efj ax'd"No 5 .
To;}n] Pp6f ;t{ j}/fUosf] z:qn] sf6]/ d Tof] cflb k'?ifsf] z/0fdf 5' eGg] b[9 efj
x'g'k5{ . of] j}/fUon] cxª\sf/nfO{ ;dfKt ul/lbG5 lsgeg] ha;Dd …dÚ /xG5, ta;Dd d"n
pb\udnfO{ vf]Hg ;lsGg . d"n pb\uddf d]/f] cl:dtf klg ;dfKt x'G5 . ToxfF s]jn z'4 r]tgf
dfq ar]/ c¿ ;a} ljnLg x'G5 . j}/fUonfO{ ;fw]/ klg z/0ffultsf] efjdf k'u]g eg] ;fws
e6\lsg ;S5 . o:tf] ;fws z'4 t xf]nf Û t/ To; z'l4df ljif x'g ;S5 . kljq t x'g ;S5 t/
kljqtf lgbf]{if gx'g ;S5 . g}lts x'g ;S5 t/ gLlt ;RofOPsf] z'e|tf cl:dtfsf] hudf plePsf]
x'g ;S5 . o:tf] JolQmdf d z'4 g}lts x'F eGg] efj afFsL g} /xG5 . of] …dÚ /x'Gh]n k/dfTdf;Fu
ldng x'g ;Sb}g . k/dfTdfsf] vf]hLdf ha vf]Hg]jfnf afFsL /xFb}g, ta dfq ldng x'g ;S5 .
a'4n] k/dfTdf 5}g eGg'eof] h;n] ubf{ a'4sf leIf' ;fwsx¿df z/0ffultsf] efj pTkGg ug{
c8\rg eof] . pgLx¿n] a'4df g} k/dfTdfnfO{ vf]hL u/]/ …a'4+ z/0fd\ uR5fldÚ eGb} a'4sf] z/0fdf
uP t/ ef]ln a'4sf] d[To'kZrft\ s;sf] z/0fdf hfg] eGg] k|Zgn] ubf{ bf];|f] ;"q …;ª\3+ z/0f+
uR5fldÚ vf]Hg'k¥of] . leIf'x¿n] ;+3sf] z/0fdf hfpmF egL z/0fsf] gofF af6f] vf]Hg'k¥of] t/ ef]ln
;+3 klg g/xg ;S5 . To;}n] t];|f] ;"q …wDd+ z/0f+ uR5fldÚ hf]8\g'k¥of] . wd{sf] z/0fdf hfcf}+
lsgeg] wd{ t ;w}F /xG5 .
z/0ffult x'g' g} clGtd pkfo xf] lsgeg] z/0f guO{ ;fwssf] cxª\sf/ 5'6\b}g . lxGb"x¿n]
O{Zj/nfO{ l;4 ug]{ sf]l;; u/]sf 5}gg\ a? z/0ffult x'g] a8f] uxg tŒjsf] vf]h u/]sf 5g\ . k"hf
s;nfO{ ul//x]sf] 5' eGg' eGbf klg O{Zj/sf] gfddf em'Sg' dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f xf] . rfx] Tof] lkknsf]
j[If, gbL of kTy/ g} lsg gxf];\ Û z/0fdf k/]/ em's]/ dfq k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 . Tof]
em'Sg'kg]{ tŒj xfdLleq} n's]sf] 5 . t;y{ ;gftgLx¿n] z/0ffultsf] a8f] ax'd"No s'/fsf] vf]h
u/]sf 5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] cflb k'?ifsf] d z/0fdf 5' eGg] b[9 lgZrosf ;fy hf] klg
z/0fdf hfG5, p;sf] dfg / df]x :jtM gi6 x'G5 .
;gftgLx¿n] df}lns tŒj ;dft]sf 5g\ . Tof] em'Sg] efj z/0fdf hfg] efj xf] . o:tf]
ePdf dfg, df]x :jtM gi6 x'G5 . oL dfg, df]x / cf;lQm gi6 ePdf k/dfTdfsf] :j¿kdf l:yt
x'g ;lsG5 lsgeg] dfg, df]x / cf;lQmn] sDkg, czflGt / 56k6fx6 dfq lbG5 . k/dfTdfdf
l:ylt aGg ;'? ePkl5 ;'v–b'v¿kL åGåaf6 d'Qm eP/ Tof] cljgfzL k/d kb k|fKt x'G5 . Tof]
k/dkb leq n's]sf] 5 . ha xfd|f] sDkg / ult aGb x'G5, ta To; leqsf] k/dkb¿kL Hof]lt
l:y/ eP/ Tof] k/dkb xfdLnfO{ pknAw x'G5 .
g t∫f;ot] ;"of]{ g zzfÍf] g kfjsM .
ob\uTjf g lgjt{Gt] t4fd k/d+ dd ..^..
x] ch{'g Û Tof] :jod\ k|sfzdo k/d kbnfO{ g ;"o{n] k|sflzt u5{, g rG›df, g clUgn] g}
k|sflzt u5{g\ h'g k/d kbnfO{ k|fKt u/]kl5 ;+;f/df cfpg'kb}{g≤ ToxL d]/f] k/d wfd xf] ..
dd}jf+zf] hLjnf]s] hLje"tM ;gftgM .
dgMifi7fgLlGb|ofl0f k|s[lt:yflg sif{lt ..&..
x] ch{'g Û of] z/L/df /x]sf] hLjfTdf d]/} ;gftg c+z xf] / Tof] lqu'0fdoL dfofdf l:yt eP/
dg;lxt kfFr} OlG›oåf/f k|s[ltsf] cwLg eP/ sfo{ ub{5 ..

nf]suLtf– 599
cWofo–!%
z/L/+ objfKgf]lt oRrfKo'TqmfdtLZj/M .
u[xLTj}tflg ;+oflt jfo'u{Gwflgjfzoft\ ..*..
jfo'n] uGwsf] :yfgaf6 h;/L uGwnfO{ u|x0f u/]/ n}hfG5, To;/L g} b]xfledfgLx¿sf] :jfdL
hLjfTdfn] klg h'g klxnf] z/L/nfO{ TofU5, To;kl5 dg;lxt OlG›onfO{ u|x0f u/]/ km]l/ h'g z/L/
k|fKt x'G5 To;}df lnP/ hfG5 ..
>f]q+ rIf'M :kz{g+ r /;g+ 3|f0fd]j r .
clwi7fo dgZrfo+ ljifofg'k;]jt] ..(..
Tof] z/L/df l:yt of] hLjfTdfn] >f]q, rIf', Tjrf, /;gf, 3|f0f / dgnfO{ cf>o u/]/ cyf{t\
logLx¿sf] ;xf/f lnP/ ljifonfO{ ;]jg u5{ ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Tof] :jod\ k|sfzdo k/dkbnfO{ g ;"o{n] k|sflzt u5{, g rG›dfn] g t
clUgn] g} k|sflzt u5{ tyf h'g k/dkbnfO{ k|fKt u/]/ dg'io k5fl8 ;+;f/df cfpFb}g ToxL d]/f]
k/dwfd xf] . o; hut\\df b[Zo j:t' ;a} c¿af6 k|sflzt x'G5 t/ s[i0fsf] k/dwfd ToxfF 5, hxfF
g ;"o{sf] g t rG›dfsf] g t clUgs} k|sfzsf] cfjZostf x'G5 lsgeg] of] :jod\ k|sflzt 5 .
xfdLn] cfFvf aGb u/] cfkm" / z/L/nfO{ b]Vb}gf}F t/ :jod\sf] x'g' eg] k|tLt eO{ g} /xG5 . xfd|f ]
x'g'sf nflu cGo s'g} k|sfzsf] cfjZostf kb}{g . xfd|f] x'g'df r]tgfsf] s'g} Ps tŒj 5, hf] :jod\
k|sflzt ePsfn] p;sf] x'g' g} kof{Kt 5 . of] h'g r]tgfsf] xNsf emns xfdLleq 5, Tof] ha k"/f
k|s6 x'G5, >Ls[i0f To;}nfO{ cfˆgf] k/dwfd cyf{t\ ToxL …dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 .
Tof] :jod\ k|sflzt k/dkbnfO{ g ;"o{ g t rG›n] g t clUgn] g} k|sflzt u5{ lsgeg]
To;nfO{ k|sflzt ug]{ s'g} h?/t g} 5}g tyf h'g k/dkbnfO{ k|fKt u/]/ dg'io k5fl8 ;+;f/df
cfpFb}g ToxL k/dwfd xf] . s[i0fsf] egfOcg';f/ JolQm hlt r]tg x'Fb} hfG5, Tolt g} pm
k/dwfdlt/ ultdfg\ x'G5 / h'g lbg k/d r}tGo k|s6 x'G5, Tof] k/d r}tGonfO{ k|sflzt ug{ s'g}
k|sfzsf] klg cfjZostf x'Fb}g lsgeg] Tof] :jk|sflzt x'G5 . hut\\df Pp6f s'/f dfq :jk|sflzt
x'G5, Tof] :jod\sf] x'g' xf] . To;sf nflu s'g} k|df0fsf] cfjZostf x'Fb}g / To;nfO{ cl;4 klg ug{
;lsFb}g . b[li6ljxLg JolQmn] tyf cGwsf/df klg xfdL :jod\nfO{ cg'ej ug{ ;S5f}F / xfdLnfO{
cfkFm" x'g'sf] k|tLltdf /QLe/ klg km/s kb}{g . cfFvf tyf sfgn] xfdL c¿nfO{ b]Vg of ;'Gg ;S5f}F
t/ :jod\nfO{ b]Vg / ;'Gg ;Sb}gf}F . ;f/f OlG›ox¿ geP klg leqsf] x'g'df s'g} cGt/ kb}{g .
xfdLn] leq ofqf u/]sf 5}gf}F . olb leqsf] ofqf u/]df ToxfF k|sfzsf] cg'ej x'g yfN5 . Wofgdf
ultdfg\ x'g] ;a} JolQmx¿sf] cg'ej k|sfzsf] g} cg'ej xf] . O;fO{ tyf d';ndfg l;4 JolQmx¿
klg cfˆgf] leqsf] ofqfdf k/d k|sfzsf] cg'ej ePsf] dfGb5g\ . of] k|sfz cGo st}af6 cfpFb}g,
xfdL :jod\ x'g' g} Tof] k|sfz xf] . oxL k|sfznfO{ >Ls[i0f cfˆgf] k/dwfd eGg'x'G5 . oxL l:yltnfO{
pknAw x'g] JolQm hGd–d[To'sf] rqmaf6 kf/ eO{ o; ;+;f/df lkmtf{ cfpFb}g .
x] ch{'g Û of] z/L/df /x]sf] hLjfTdf d]/} ;gftgsf] c+z xf] / pxL lqu'0fdoL dfofdf l:yt
eP/ dg;lxt kfFr} OlG›ox¿nfO{ cfslif{t u5{ . Tof] :jk|sflzt Hof]ltk'~hsf] Pp6f lx:;f
k|To]ssf] z/L/leq l:yt 5 . xfdLn] cfFvf lrDnFbf xfd|f ljrf/x¿, qmf]w / sfdjf;gf p7]sf] klg
xfdL b]Vg ;S5f}F t/ h;n] of] b]Vb5, Tof] b]Vg]jfnfnfO{ xfdL b]Vg ;Sb}gf}F . h] xfdL b]V5f}F Tof] xfdL
xf]Ogf}F t/ hf] ;a}nfO{ b]Vb5 t/ :jod\nfO{ b]Vb}g, ToxL xfdL xf}+ . ToxL xfd|f] d"n pb\ud xf] /
To;eGbf k5fl8 hfg ;lsFb}g . ;a} j:t'nfO{ b]Vg]jfnf ›i6f xfd|f] :jefj xf], h;nfO{ b[Zo agfpg
;Dej 5}g . ha ;f/f ljifo x/fpF5 / s]jn hfGg]jfnf /xG5, hfGgnfO{ s]xL aRb}g ta k/d

nf]suLtf– 600
 cWofo–!%
k|sfzsf] pbo x'G5, h'g xfd|f] leqL k|sfz xf] . ;"o{sf] k|sfz klg To; k|sfzsf cufl8 s]xL
xf]Og . ;a} k|sfz ;dfKt x'G5 t/ r]tgfsf] Hof]lt h'g zfZjt 5, Tof] slxNo} ;dfKt x'Fb}g .
;a} OGwgsf] ;Ldf x'Fbf k|sfz Ps lbg ;dfKt x'G5 t/ Tof] k|sfz hf] k|To]ssf] leq /
:jk|sflzt 5 To;sf] s'g} cGTo 5}g . ToxL k|sfz r}tGosf] k|sfz xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of]
b]xdf Tof] hLjfTdf d]/f] g} ;gftg c+z xf] . xfdL ;a} ToxL k|sfzsf c+z xf}F / pxL of] lqu'0fdoL
dfofdf l:yt eP/ dg;lxt kfFr} OlG›onfO{ cfslif{t u5{ . xfdLleq /x]sf] of] r]tgfsf] c+zn] xfd|f
kfFr} OlG›onfO{ cfslif{t ug{'sf ;fy} ;XDffn]sf] klg 5 . xfdLnfO{ nfU5– OlG›on] xfdLnfO{ afFw]sf]
5 t/ jf:tjdf xfdLn] g} OlG›onfO{ ;dft]sf 5f}F . OlG›o h8 ePsfn] To;n] xfdLnfO{ afFWg
;Sb}g . OlG›o;Fu afFlwg] xfd|f] g} ;ª\sNk / lg0f{o xf] . ¿k x]g]{ jf;gfn] xfd|f] cfFvf;Fu xfdLnfO{
afFw]/ /fV5 . Tof] jf;gfsf] 8f]/Ln] cfFvfnfO{ afFlw/xG5 . olb xfd|f] x]g]{ OR5f ePg eg] cfFvf eP
klg xfdL To;} If0f cGwf x'g] 5f}+ . cfFvfaf6 x]g]{ k|jfxn] cfFvfnfO{ hLjg lbG5 . xftnfO{ ;dft]sf
5f}F lsgeg] xfdL 5'g rfxG5f}F . xfd|f] rfxgf g} xfdL / OlG›olarsf] ;]t' xf] .
OlG›ox¿n] xfdLnfO{ xf]Og xfdLn] g} pgLx¿nfO{ tfg]/ cfslif{t u/]sf 5f}F . h'g lbg xfd|f]
ky kl/jt{g eP/ xfd|f] wf/f leq aUg ;'? x'G5, To;} lbg OlG›ox¿ lt/f]lxt x'G5g\ . To;}n]
OlG›ox¿sf] s'g} bf]if g} 5}g of] xfd|f] ;ª\sNks} sf/0fn] ubf{ xf] . xfd|f] r]tgfn] z/L/df /xg
rfx]sf] 5, To;}n] xfdL z/L/df 5f}F≤ h'g lbg /xg rfxFb}gf}F ToxL lbg z/L/ ;dfKt x'G5 . t;y{
OlG›o;Fu n8\g' Joy{ 5 . n8fOF t o;nfO{ cfˆgf] jzdf /fVg] jf;gf;Fu ug'{k5{ . dg;lxt kfFr}
OlG›onfO{ r]tgfn] cfslif{t u5{ . h:tf] jfo'n] uGwsf] :yfgaf6 uGwnfO{ u|x0f u/]/ n}hfG5 To:t}
b]xfledfgLx¿sf] :jfdL hLjfTdf klg h'g klxnf] z/L/nfO{ TofU5 To;sf] dg;lxt ;a} OlG›ox¿nfO{
u|x0f u/]/ km]l/ h'g z/L/nfO{ k|fKt x'G5 To;df lnP/ hfG5 .
xfjfn] km"nsf] uGw cfkm";Fu} axfP/ nu]em}F xfd|f] d[To'kZrft\ xfdL ;"Id OlG›ox¿nfO{
cfkm";Fu} nfG5f}F . xfjfn] km"nsf] uGw t n}hfG5 t/ km"nnfO{ nfg ;Sb}g To:t} r]tgfn] klg
z/L/nfO{ n}hfg ;Sb}g t/ z/L/nfO{ ksl8g] jf;gfnfO{ ;fy lnP/ hfG5 . cfFvf :y"n OlG›o xf] /
b]Vg] jf;gf ;"Id OlG›o xf] . lha|f] :y"n OlG›o xf] eg] :jfbsf] cfsfª\Iff ;"Id OlG›o xf] . xfd|f]
jf;gfn] gofF z/L/¿kL ue{ vf]H5 / xfd|f] jf;gf cg';f/sf] ue{ xfdLnfO{ pknAw x'G5 . xfd|f
rfxgfx¿ ;ª\u|lxt x'G5g\ / gofF hGdsf] lgdf{0f eP/ xfdLnfO{ gofF z/L/ k|fKt x'G5 . cl3Nnf]
hGdsf] dg / ;"Id OlG›ox¿;Fu} lnP/ uP dfq csf]{ z/L/df k|j]z kfOG5 cGoyf gofF hGdsf]
k|lqmof aGb x'G5 . Tof] z/L/df l:yt hLjfTdf >f]q, rIf' / TjrfnfO{ tyf /;gf, dg / k|f0fnfO{
cf>o u/]/ cyjf logLx¿ ;a}sf] ;xf/fn] ljifonfO{ ;]jg u5{ . km]l/ pxL ef]u / ofqf k'gM ;'?
x'G5 . km"n ablnG5 t/ uGwsf] ofqf hf/L /xG5 . OlG›ox¿ ablnG5g\ t/ jf;gfsf] ofqf
rln/xG5 . To;}n] OlG›onfO{ 5f]8\g] xf]Og jf;gfnfO{ 5f]8]df OlG›ox¿ cfkm}F 5'6\5g\ . s'g} JolQm
ef]hgsf] Tofu, sf]xL g"gsf] Tofu u5{g\ eg] s'g} :qLsf] :kz{af6 g} eoeLt x'G5g\ . oL ;a}
OlG›ox¿nfO{ g} 5f]8\g' xf] / o;/L OlG›o 5f]8\g] JolQmnfO{ xfdL ;fw' eG5f}+ t/ of] klg kfv08 dfq
xf] .
xfdLnfO{ OlG›on] xf]Og xfdLn] OlG›onfO{ afFw]sf 5f}F . OlGb|onfO{ jzdf ug]{ xf]Og ls
OlG›oaf6 d'Qm x'g] pkfo hfGg'k5{ . xfdL /fu / lj/fusf] b'lawfdf x'G5f}F . /fu hLjgsf] /; xf] .
/fu / j}/fUosf lar xfd|f] hLjg rn]sf] x'G5 t/ j}/fUonfO{ cg';/0f ug{ vf]Hgfn] xfdL vl08t
x'G5f}F . o;af6 s'g} cfTd pknlAw x'Fb}g lsgeg] /fu / j}/fUo ;fy} x'g} ;Sb}g . /fu /x'Gh]n j}/fUo
k|fKt ug{ ;lsGg . xfd|f] /funfO{ /fd|/L hfGg'k5{ . xfd|f] z/L/sf] ofqfdf hfg] / ;+;f/sf] ;fu/df

nf]suLtf– 601
cWofo–!%
plqg] rfxgf:j¿k g} xfdLn] z/L/ kfPsf xf}F . To;}n] of] cgGt hGd cufl8 eP klg cfˆg}
;ª\sNk / lg0f{osf] sf/0fn] ePsf] xf] eg]/ hfGg'k5{ . cfk}Fm o;sf] lgoGtf ePsf] x'Fbf h'g lbg
xfdL of] lg0f{o kl/jt{g u5f{}, To;} lbg of] wf/f ablng] 5 . of] cfˆg} r'gfj x'Fbf o;nfO{ 5f]8\g
klg ;Sg] 5f}F . o:tf] ljrf/n] dfq klg Ps If0fd} wf/fsf] lbzf ablnG5 / af]w eP/ 36gf 36\g
;S5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– …d]/f]Ú c+z ltdLnufot ;a} leq 5 . ToxL c+z Tof] OlG›o /
dgsf] uGw lnP/ gofF ofqfdf hfG5 . h'g If0f ltdL hfGg] 5f}– ltd|f] ;ª\sNk g} ltd|f] ofqfsf]
sf/0f xf], Tof] If0f ltdLn] rfx]df ofqf aGb x'g ;S5 . tyflk ltdLn] ofqf ug{ rfXof} eg] ug{
;S5f} t/ Tof] ofqf v]n / nLnf x'g] 5 . ;gftgLx¿sf] ;f]r a8f] cgf}7f] / cbe't 5 . ;gftgL
lrGtgdf of] hLjg cfˆg} ;ª\sNksf sf/0fn] k|fKt ePsf] xf] . of] kfk of s;}n] lbPsf] b08sf]
sf/0fn] sbflrt\ xf]Og . of] ofqf t cfˆg} ;ª\sNksf] sf/0fn] ePsf] xf] . olb cfˆgf] rfxgfn] of]
;+;f/sf] j[If lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] eg] cfˆg} rfxgfn] dfq of] ;dfKt x'g ;S5 . /fu ;+;f/df plqg]
;ª\sNk / lj/fu ;+;f/af6 5'6\g] / kf/ x'g] ;ª\sNk xf] .
pTqmfdGt+ l:yt+ jflk e'~hfg+ jf u'0fflGjtd\ .
ljd"9f gfg'kZolGt kZolGt 1fgrIf'ifM ..!)..
z/L/ 5f]8]/ hfg]x¿ z/L/df l:yt ePsf / ljifox¿nfO{ ef]Ug] tLg} u'0faf6 o'Qm ePsf
c1fgL hgx¿ hfGb}gg\ s]jn 1fg ¿k g]q ePsf 1fgLhg dfq tŒjk"j{s cfTdfnfO{ hfGb5g\ ..
otGtf] of]lugZr}g+ kZoGTofTdGojl:ytd\ .
otGtf]˜Kos[tfTdfgf] g}g+ kZoGTor]t;M ..!!..
of]usf] cEof;df k|oTgzLn of]uLhg cfˆgf] Åbodf l:yt of] cfTdfnfO{ oTg u/]/ tŒjk"j{s
hfGb5g\ / h;n] cfˆgf] cGt:s/0fnfO{ z'4 u/]sf 5}gg\ To:tf c1fgL hgn] oTg u/]/ klg of]
cfTdfnfO{ hfGb}gg\ ..
z/L/ 5f]8]/ hfg]x¿nfO{ xfd|f] z/L/ w]/} k6s 5'6]sf] 5 eGg] ;Demgf x'Fb}g lsgeg] z/L/
5'6\g'cl3 g} xfdL d"lR5{t x'G5f}“ . z/L/n] w]/} k6s d[To' k|fKt ul/;s]sf] eP klg xfdL d"lR5{t
cj:yfdf ePsf sf/0fn] d[To'sf] /x:odo 36gf;Fu xfdL cgle1 x'G5f}F . d[To'df z/L/ cfTdf;Fu
k[ys\ x'G5 / ;"Id OlG›ox¿sf] ;'uGw cfTdfs} ;fydf gofF ofqfdf lg:sG5 . d[To' cl3 g} 5fPsf]
a]xf];Ln] d[To'sf] dxŒjk"0f{ / /x:odo 36gf hfGgaf6 xfdL jl~rt x'G5f}F . xfdL d[To'sf] ;dodf
d"lR5{t x'g'sf] d"n sf/0f hLjgsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ b'v Ps ;Ldf;Dd dfq ;xg ;lsG5 eGg] xf] .
ha b'v c;Xo x'G5, ta xfdL d"lR5{t x'G5f}F . c;Xo b'v / ulx/f] cf3ftdf xfdL a]xf]; x'G5f}F .
d[To' ljzfn b'v xf] . b'v d[To'sf] sf/0fn] eGbf klg dg{'kg]{ qf;sf] sf/0fn] x'G5 t/ hLjgdf
;dk{0f snf hfGg] JolQmnfO{ d[To'n] klg a]xf]; t'Nofpg ;Sb}g . klxn] g} d[To'sf nflu tof/ x'gfn]
o:tf] JolQm d[To'nfO{ ;xh ¿kdf j/0f ug{ tof/ x'G5 .
;Gt cul:6g Pp6f rr{ agfpg] tof/Ldf lyP . hf] d[To'nfO{ hfGb}g pm rr{df k|j]z ug{
of]Uo x'Fb}g eGg] dg;fon] pgn] rr{sf] k|yd åf/df Ps hgf Vofltk|fKt lrqsf/nfO{ d[To'sf] lrq
sf]g{ nufP . d[To'sf] lrqdf lrqsf/n] sf]bfnfn] ;a}nfO{ sf6\g] 5 eGg] k|tLssf] ¿kdf sf]bfnf]
agfP t/ cul:6gn] d[To'n] ;b}j gofF åf/ vf]N5 / s;}nfO{ ;dfKt kfb}{g eGg] k|tLssf] ¿kdf
sf]bfnf] x6fP/ d[To'sf] ;fydf ;fFrf]sf] lrq sf]g{ nufP .
d[To'sf] ;do Tof] JolQmn] xf]; /fVg ;S5, h;n] hLjge/ o;sf] cEof; u/]sf] x'G5 .
cEof;s} k|ltkmn:j¿k ;dk{0fn] d[To'sf] ;do JolQm xf];k"0f{ dg{ / csf]{ hGddf klg xf];k"0f{

nf]suLtf– 602
 cWofo–!%
hlGdg ;S5 . hGd / d[To' Ps} åf/sf b'O{ efu x'g\ . d[To' z/L/af6 aflx/ hfg' xf] eg] hGd csf]{
z/L/df k|j]z ug{' xf] . oL b'j}sf] k|lqmof Pp6} xf] . xf];k"j{s d[To'j/0f ug{ ;dy{ ePdf hGd klg
xf];k"j{s g} x'G5 . o; l:yltdf JolQmnfO{ cl3Nnf] hGdsf] ;Demgf x'gfsf ;fy} o; hGdsf
cg'jex¿ klg Joy{ hfFb}gg\ . cl3Nnf] hGddf u/]sf e'nx¿ csf]{ hGddf x'g ;Sb}gg\ cGoyf x/]s
hGddf ToxL e'n bf]xf]l//xG5 / of] b'Zrqm aG5 . cl3Nnf hGddf ul/;s]sf sfo{x¿ h:tf] ljjfx,
wg–dfgcfh{g, kb–k|lti7f, snx xfdL x/]s hGddf bf]xf]¥ofO/xG5f}F . o;sf] :d/0f x'g] ePdf xfdL
o;df /; lng] lyPgf}“ .
hGd / d[To'df xf];k"0f{ /xg] JolQm hLjgdf klg xf];k"0f{ g} x'G5 lsgeg] hGd / d[To' b'O{
lsgf/fsf] lardf hLjg x'G5 . xfdL t tLg} cj:yfdf a]xf]; x'gfn] xfdL z/L/ xf]Ogf}F cfTdf xf}F eGg]
tYo a'‰g ;Sb}gf}F . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– k/Gt' z/L/ 5f]8]/ hfg]nfO{ cyjf z/L/df l:yt ePsf] /
ljifox¿nfO{ ef]Ug]x¿ cyf{t\ tLg} u'0faf6 o'Qm ePsf c1fgL hgn] hfGb}gg\ lsgeg] d"R5f{ c1fgL
hgdf ;tt x'G5 . s]jn 1fg¿k g]qjfnf 1fgL hg g} tŒjk"j{s o;nfO{ hfGb5g\ . 1fgLx¿;Fu
l:yt 1fgg]q g} cd"R5f{ xf] . hLjgd[To' / hGdnfO{ xf];k"j{s 36\g lbg] / oL tLg} 36gfdf xf];k"0f{
/xg] JolQmnfO{ g} 1fgg]q pknAw x'G5 . hGd 3l6;s]sf] 5, d[To' eljiodf 5 / hLjg jt{dfgdf
rln/x]sf] 5 . t;y{ hLjgdf x/]s lqmof ubf{ xf];k"0f{ ug]{ k|of; / cEof; ug{'k5{ . xfd|f] xftdf
jt{dfg dfq x'g] x'Fbf oxL If0faf6 xf];k"0f{ aGg] cEof; u/]df d[To'sf] eoaf6 d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 .
;'?jftsf nflu jf0fL, ljrf/, cfr/0f nufot x/]s ljwfdf xf];sf] ;fwgf ug'{k5{ . oxL
k|lqmof cFufn]df la:tf/} a]xf];L x6\g / b'v klg ;dfKt x'g yfN5 . a]xf];L g} b'vsf] lgdGqs x'Fbf
xfdL cfgGb pknAw x'g] If0faf6 klg r'Sb5f}F . s'g} klg sfo{ ubf{ xfdL oGqjt\ u5f}{+ lsgeg] xfd|f]
ljrf/n] xfdLnfO{ cGoq} ofqf u/fpF5 . To;}n] ck]Iff cg';f/sf] kl/0ffd k|fKt x'Fb}g . ck]Iffs[t
kl/0ffdsf nflu t k"0f{ xf];df /x]/ sfo{ ug{'k5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– s]jn 1fgg]qjfnf 1fgLhgn]
dfq tŒjk"j{s hfGb5g\ . s]jn pgLx¿ hf] xf];df x'G5g\ / k|ltkn h;sf] 1fg hfu[t 5, pgLx¿n]
dfq hGddf, d[To'df / hLjgdf leqsf] tŒjnfO{ /fd|/L lrGb5g\ .
of]uLhgx¿ cfˆgf] Åbodf l:yt cfTdfnfO{ oTg u/]/ tŒjk"j{s hfGb5g\ / cGt:s/0f z'4
gu/]sf c1fgL hg oTg u/]/ klg cfTdfnfO{ hfGb}gg\ . k|of; ;3g ug{'k5{ t/ k|of; dfq klg
kof{Kt x'Fb}g lsgeg] Åbosf] z'l4 d'Vo s'/f xf] . Åbo z'4 geO{ s]jn k|of; / Psfu|tf dfq ;fWof]
eg] kl/0ffd eofjx eO{ To;sf] b'ikl/0ffd cfpF5 . To;}n] efj / Åbo z'4 x'g h?/L 5 . Åbo z'4
gePsf JolQmn] c¿eGbf Psfu|tfsf ;fy x7of]uåf/f ;fwgf ug{ ;S5g\ . Psu|tfaf6 zlQm k|fKt
x'G5 / Åbo z'4 5}g eg] Tof] zlQmsf] b'?kof]u x'G5 . o:tf] JolQmn] c¿ / cfkm}F;Fu klg b'i6tf
ug{ ;S5 . g/fd|f] k|j[ltsf] JolQmn] Psfu|tf ;fw]df b'jf{;f h:tf] x'G5 . p;;Fu zlQm x'G5, p;sf]
jrgdf klg zlQm x'G5 / p;n] s]xL eGof] eg] kl/0ffd klg x'g ;S5 . Åbo z'4 gx'g] o:tf
JolQmx¿ b'i6tfdf klg pqg ;S5g\ .
?;df Pp6f cb\e't zlQm ePsf t/ Åbo z'4 gePsf JolQm /f; k'l6g (Grigori
Yefimovich Ras Puten) lyP . pgL cgf}7f] k|ltef ePsf JolQm lyP . pgL u'/lhokm, /d0f h:tf]
Ifdtfsf JolQm t lyP t/ pgsf] Åbo z'4 lyPg . k"j{sf ;a} k4ltx¿df oxfF;Dd ls ltAatdf
klg vf]hlag u/L ;fwgf u/]/ pgL kf/Ët eO{ cb\e't zlQmsf] dflns ePsf lyP . pgL h] rfxGy]
Tof] 3l6t x'GYof] t/ pgL unt dfq rfxGy] . pgsf] Åbo z'4 gx'gfn] pgn] xfl;n u/]sf ;a}
zlQmx¿ unt rfxgfsf] kl/k"lt{df vlr{P / ¿;nfO{ 8'afpg] JolQm ag] . hf/nfO{ / ljz]if u/]/
hf/sL kTgLnfO{ pgn] k|efljt u/]sf lyP . hf/sf Ps dfq 5f]/f ;fg} pd]/b]lv ladf/L lyP . ;f/f

nf]suLtf– 603
cWofo–!%
pkrf/ u/]/ klg pgL l7s x'g ;s]gg\ / cGtdf /f; k'l6gn] pgnfO{ l7s kf/] / TfL 5f]/f /f;
k'l6gsf s7k'tnL ag] . Ps lbg klg pgL b/af/ uPgg\ eg] Tof] aRrf ladf/L eOxfNYof] . To;}n]
b/af/df pgsf] k"/f k|efj lyof] h;n] ubf{ Ps ;do ?;sf] b/af/df k|wfgdGqL agfpg]b]lv x/]s
sfo{x¿ pgs} d'6\7Ldf lyof] . kmn:j¿k ToxfF pk›j l;h{gf eof] . To;} ;dosf] kmfObf p7fP/
n]lggn] qmflGt u/] / /f; k'l6gs} ck|ToIf ;xof]uaf6 qmflGt ;kmn x'g ;Dej eof] . ?;sf]
qmflGtdf cfwfeGbf a9L sfd /f; k'l6gn] u/] afFsL n]lggn] u/]sf x'g\ . /f; k'l6gdf olt zlQm
;ª\u|x ePsf] lyof] ls pgnfO{ dfg{ h'g ljifsf] k|of]u ul/of] To;n] %)) JolQmsf] d[To' x'g ;SYof]
t/ pgL a]xf];;Dd ePgg\ . @@ uf]nL 7f]Sbf klg pgsf] d[To' ePg . cGtdf pgnfO{ 9'Ëfdf afFw]/
ef]Nuf gbLdf 8'afOof] . pgsf] nf; b'O{ lbgkl5 e]l6Fbf pgL 9'Ëfsf] aGwgaf6 d'Qm eO;s]sf lyP .
pgL uxg zlQm cfh{g u/]sf JolQm lyP t/ ;f/f zlQmsf] k|of]u pN6f] dfq eof] lsgeg] pgsf]
Åbo z'4 lyPg .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– s]jn oTg dfq kof{Kt 5}g / olb cGt:s/0f z'4 ePsf] 5}g eg]
oTg u/]/ klg c1fgL hg cfTdfnfO{ hfGb}gg\ . To;}n] k|oTgsf ;fy} Åbosf] z'l4 klg rflxG5 .
a'4 / dxfjL/n] clnslt klg e'nr's x'g g;sf];\ eg]/ Åbosf] z'l4nfO{ klxnf] ;t{ dfGg'ePsf]
5 . pxfFx¿n] cfxf/ / cfr/0f z'l4sf ;fy} ;a} k|sf/n] JolQm z'4 eP dfq k|oTg ug'{k5{ cGoyf
vt/f x'G5 eGg'ePsf] 5 . ?;sf /f; k'l6gsf] 36gf o;sf] HjnGt pbfx/0f xf] . cz'4 Åbo eP
klg oTgaf6 zlQm k|fKt x'G5 t/ To;af6 cfTdf k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g . of] s]jn dg / z/L/sf] zlQm
x'G5 . efjx¿sf] lgd{ntf Åbosf] z'l4 xf] . qmf]w, s7f]/tf, cxª\sf/, 3[0ff, O{iof{ / å]if ljxLg Åbo
g} Åbosf] z'l4 xf] . of]usf] oTg ePdf o:tf] z'l4 k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . of]uL dfq eP vt/gfs x'G5
eg] eQm dfq eP sdhf]/ / lga{n x'G5 . t;y{ hxfF oTg / z'4 efj ;+o'Qm x'G5 ToxfF eQm /
of]uLsf] ldng eP/ cfTdf pknAw x'G5 .
obflbTout+ t]hf] hu∫f;ot]˜lvnd\ .
oRrGb|dl; oRrfUgf} tQ]hf] ljl4 dfdsd\ ..!@..
x] ch{'g Û h'g t]h ;"o{df l:yt eP/ ;Dk"0f{ hut\\nfO{ k|sflzt u5{ / h'g t]h rG›dfdf l:yt
5 / h'g t]h clUgdf l:yt 5, Tof] d]/f] t]h xf] eg]/ ltdL hfg ..
ufdfljZo r e"tflg wf/ofDoxdf]h;f .
k'i0ffld rf}ifwLM ;jf{M ;f]df] e"Tjf /;fTdsM ..!#..
…dÚ g} k[YjLdf k|j]z u/]/ cfˆgf] zlQmn] ;a} k|f0fLx¿nfO{ wf/0f u5{' / …dÚ g} rG›dfsf] ¿kdf
/;:j¿k cd[tdo ;f]d eP/ ;Dk"0f{ cf}ifwLx¿nfO{ / jg:kltx¿nfO{ k'i6 u5{' / ;d:t k|f0fLx¿sf]
kf]if0f u5{' ..
cx+ j}Zjfg/f] e"Tjf k|fl0fgf+ b]xdfl>tM .
k|f0ffkfg;dfo'QmM krfDoGg+ rt'lj{wd\ ..!$..
…dÚ g} k|f0fLsf] z/L/df clUgsf] ¿kdf ;d:t hLjsf] z/L/df l:yt x'G5', …dÚ g} k|f0fjfo'
ckfgjfo' ;Gt'lnt /fv]/ rf/ k|sf/sf rkfpg], lkGg], rf6\g] / r':g] cGg krfpF5' ..
;j{:o rfx+ Ålb ;lGglji6f]–
dQM :d[lt1f{gdkf]xg+ r .
j]b}Zr ;j}{/xd]j j]Bf]–
j]bfGts[å]bljb]j rfxd\ ..!%..

nf]suLtf– 604
 cWofo–!%
…dÚ g} k|f0fLx¿sf] Åbodf cfTdf ¿kdf l:yt 5', …dÚaf6 g} hLjsf] jf:tljs :j¿ksf]
lj:d[lt, :d[lt / 1fg x'G5, …dÚ g} ;d:t j]båf/f hfGgof]Uo 5' . …dÚaf6 g} ;d:t j]b pTkGg x'G5 /
…dÚ g} ;a} j]bnfO{ hfGg]jfnf klg x'F ..
>Ls[i0fsf oL ;f/f syg ch{'gsf] ;dk{0f ;Dej x'g ;sf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] elgPsf x'g\ .
s[i0f Tof] Ps s]G›lt/ O;f/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 hf] ;a}sf] cfwf/ xf] / olb Tof] cfwf/ xfdLdf b]lvg
yfNof] eg] xfdL Tof] cfwf/sf] z/0fdf ;xhtfk"j{s hfg ;S5f}F . xfd|f] a'l4nfO{ To;sf] 5lj dfq
klg k|fKt x'g nfUof] eg] xfd|f] cl:dtf / cxª\sf/ 5'6]/ cfˆgf] x'g'sf] cg'ej x'g yfN5 . s[i0f ha
cfkm"nfO{ af/Daf/ …dÚ of] x'F, …dÚ Tof] x'F eGg'x'G5, ta sltko uLtf k9\g] JolQmnfO{ pxfF cxª\sf/L
x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 h:tf] efg x'g ;S5 . lxGb"x¿ t cf:yfsf sf/0f o; s'/fnfO{ ;xhtfsf ;fy :jLsf/
u5{g\ t/ c¿ wdf{jnDaLx¿nfO{ pxfF cxª\sf/L h:tf] nfUg ;S5 .
ch{'g ld6\g ;s"g\ eg]/ s[i0fn] olt hf]8 lbg'ePsf] xf] . ch{'g leqsf] cxª\sf/¿kL s]G›nfO{
k/dsf] s]G›df ;dk{0f u¿g\ eGg]df s[i0f r]i6f/t x'g'x'G5 . s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ oL ;a} s'/f eGg'sf]
sf/0f ch'{gsf] ;tt k|]d pxfFk|lt /x]sf] x'gfn] xf] . k|]ddf s[i0fsf] egfO cxª\sf//lxt / ;To nfUg
;S5 . k|]ddf >Ls[i0f h'g s[kfk"0f{ pkb]z ch'{gnfO{ lb“b} x'g'x'G5, Tof] d]/} nflu elgPsf] xf] eGg]
ch{'gn] a'em]sf 5g\ . t;y{ s[i0fsf] egfOk|lt pgL s'g} k|Zg g} p7fpFb}gg\ . s[i0fsf] k"/f k|of;
ch{'gsf] cxª\sf/ efj ld6fP/ lj/f6\ s[i0f tŒjdf ;dflxt Pjd\ ;dlk{t u/fpgsf nflu xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;"o{sf] dxf;"o{ klg …dÚ x'F / …dlt/sf]Ú of] lj/f6\ k|sfznfO{ x]/, ltdL Ps
;fgf] lbof]sf] k|sfzlt/ dfq x]l//x]sf 5f} . s[i0fk|lt /x]sf] k|]dsf] efjn] pgL s[i0fleqsf] dxf;"o{
b]Vg ;Sg] 5g\ . h'g lbg ch{'g s[i0fsf] of] dxfk|sfz b]Vg ;dy{ x'G5g\, Tof] lbg cfˆgf] ;fgf] lbof]
5f]8\g klg ;S5g\ / cfkm"leqsf] ;"o{ klg b]Vg ;Sg] 5g\ . xfdL ToxL ;fgf] lbof];Fu dfq cflji6
eP/ a;]sf 5f}F . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ;fgf] lbof]af6 b[li6 x6fP/ dxf;"o{df b[li6 nufpg] k|of; ub}{
x'g'x'G5 h'g dxf;"o{ b]Vg ;s]df ;"o{sf] k|sfzsf] c+z hf] cfkm"leq l:yt 5 To;nfO{ klg b]Vg
;lsg] 5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] Û ch{'g h'g t]h ;"o{df l:yt eP/ ;Dk"0f{ hut\\nfO{ k|sflzt u5{ tyf
h'g t]h rG›dfdf l:yt 5 / h'g t]h clUgdf l:yt 5, Tof] t]hnfO{ ltdL d]/f] g} t]h hfg / d g}
k[YjLdf k|j]z u/]/ cfˆgf] zlQmn] ;a} k|f0fLnfO{ wf/0f u/]sf] 5' / /;:j¿k cd[tdo ;f]d eP/
;Dk"0f{ cf}ifwLx¿nfO{ cyf{t\ jg:kltnfO{ k'li6 u5{' . ;f]dsf b'O{ cy{ 5g\ . rG›dfnfO{ klg ;f]d
elgG5 . lxGb"x¿sf] /;lj1fg cg';f/ cf}ifwLnfO{ rG›dfaf6 k'li6 k|fKt x'G5 . ;"o{n] pgLx¿nfO{
k|f0f lbG5 . ;"o{ ljgf la?jf jf j[Ifx¿ a9\b}gg\ t/ ltgdf h'g hLjgbfoL tŒj x'G5, Tof]
rG›dfaf6 k|fKt x'G5 . o;nfO{ sfNklgs dflgGYof] / cfo'j]{b tyf /; lawfnfO{ sfJo / Pp6f
k|tLs dflgGYof] t/ ljut rfln;÷krf; jif{sf] vf]hkZrft\ rG›dfn] oL ;a}df /; k|bfg u5{ eGg]
kSsf ePsf] 5 . ;"o{n] h] lbG5, To;df pQ]hgf x'G5 / rG›dfn] h] lbG5, To;df zflGt x'G5 .
cfo'j}{lbs cf}ifwLx¿df rG›dfsf] zflGt n's]sf] x'G5 / h'g ;jf{lws zflGtbfoL cf}ifwL lyof]
To;nfO{ lxGb"x¿ ;f]d/; eGb5g\ .
klZrdsf j}1flgsx¿ klg h;nfO{ j]bn] ;f]d/; eg]sf] 5, To;sf] vf]hLdf 5g\ . s]xL
jg:kltx¿df ;f]d/; h:tf s]xL nIf0fx¿ b]lvPsf 5g\ t/ k"/f nIf0f s;}sf] klg ldn]sf] kfOPsf]
5}g . o;sf] b'?kof]u x'g ;S5 eGg] x]t'n] of] k[YjLaf6 ljn'Kt u/fOPsf] klg x'g ;S5 . klZrddf
jg:kltåf/f Wofg ;dflw s;/L nufpg ;lsG5 eGg] 7'nf] r]i6f eO/x]sf] 5 . Pn=P;=8L=,

nf]suLtf– 605
cWofo–!%
dfl/h'jfgf, d]:s'lngsf] klZrddf 7'nf] ks8 5 / ;/sf/ o;nfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg nfluk/]sf] 5 .
cfhsfn cf}ifwLo u'0fsf sf/0f w]/} d'n'sx¿n] o;sf] lglZrt k|of]unfO{ v's'nf] agfpg yfn]sf
5g\ . ;f]d/;n] JolQmnfO{ Psbd zfGt agfpg] x'g'k5{ . of] /S;L h:tf] vt/gfs gx'g ;S5 .
j}1flgsx¿ clxn];Dd ;f]d/; vfP/ j]bdf plNnlvt Clifx¿ k/dfTdf;Fu jftf{ uy]{ eGg] h:tf
s'/fsf] vf]h ub}{ 5g\ t/ ;kmn x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ .
j]bdf h'g ;f]d/;sf] j0f{g 5, To;df Clifx¿ ;f]d/; kfgkZrft\ ;dflw:y x'Gy] / s'g}
csf]{ cfofddf k|j]z uy]{ . ;dfh ;f]d/;sf] ;xf/fdf rNg g;Sg] ePsfn] o;nfO{ ;dfhn] ljn'Kt
u/]sf] x'g ;S5 . JolQmx¿ cfgGbd} dUg x'g yfn] eg] ;dfh rNb}g . ;a} JolQmx¿ k|;Gg /x]/
gfrufg / cfgGbdf tNnLg eP eg] klg ;dfh aGg d'l:sn x'G5 . lxGb" wf/0ffcg';f/ ;a}
jg:kltdf rG›df plqG5 t/ ;f]d/; gfdsf] jg:kltdf rG›df k"/f plqG5 cyf{t\ ;f]d/;n]
rG›dfsf] k"/f zflGtnfO{ lkpF5 . o;sf] h8, kft / km"nx¿df rG›dfsf] /; k"/f el/Psf] x'Fbf
o;nfO{ ljlwjt\ pkof]u u/]df ;dflw kmlnt x'GYof]≤ t;y{ o;nfO{ n'Kt ul/Psf] klg x'g ;S5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ ToxL ;f]d x'F . rG›df klg …dÚ x'F, ;"o{ klg …dÚ x'F / o; hut\\df d]/}
t]h km}lnPsf] 5≤ of] hut\\df sfod /x]sf] zflGt Tof] d]/} sf/0fn] xf] . o; hut\\sf] t/Ë klg …dÚ x'F
/ of] zfGt / ;dflw:y JolQmTj klg …dÚ g} x'F . …dÚ g} ;a} k|f0fLx¿df l:yt eO{ j}Zjfg/ clUg¿k
eP/, k|f0f / ckfgaf6 o'Qm eP/ cGgnfO{ krfpF5' / …dÚ g} ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf Åbodf cGtof{dL
¿kdf l:yt 5' . cGtof{dLsf] cy{ leq n's]sf] s'/f hfGg]jfnf xf] . of] cToGt} dxŒjk"0f{ 5, >Ls[i0f
;a} k|f0fLsf Åbodf cGtof{dLsf] ¿kdf l:yt 5' eGg'x'G5 . xfdLn] cfkm"leqsf] cGtof{dL tŒj hfGg
;Sof}F eg] >Ls[i0fsf] r/0f k|fKt x'G5 . h'g tŒjnfO{ xfdL hfGg ;Sb}gf}F t/ pm ;a}nfO{ hfGb5, pxL
s[i0f tŒj cGtof{dL xf] . xfdL z/L/nfO{ b]Vg ;Sg] x'Fbf z/L/eGbf cnu ePsf] hfGg ;S5f}F .
h;nfO{ b]Vg ;lsG5 Tof] k[ys\ xf], Tof] 1]o xf], 1ftf xf]Og . b]Vg]jfnf ;b}j k5fl8 tyf cnu
x'G5 . ;d:t Wofgsf] r]i6f cfkm" s] xf]Og eg]/ hfGg' xf] . 1]onfO{ 5f]8\b} ToxfF /f]lsg'k5{ hxfF s]jn
hfGg]jfnf dfq z]if /xG5 .
ToxL hf] leq n's]sf] 5, hf] ;a} hfGb5 / h;sf] kf/ hfg] s'g} pkfo 5}g ToxL cGtof{dL
xf] . Tof] cGt / d"n b'j} xf] . cGtof{dLnfO{ hfGg / To;df l:yt x'g ;Sof}F eg] s[i0fdf g} l:yt x'g
;lsG5 . ta xfdL klg eGg ;S5f}F, ;"o{sf] k|sfz klg d]/f] xf], rG›df daf6 rlDsG5 / o;
hut\\df al;{/x]sf] ;f]d d g} x'F . cGtof{dLnfO{ hfGg ;Sof}F eg] s[i0fsf] 3f]if0ff xfd|} 3f]if0ff x'g] 5,
ta xfdL s[i0fsf] cfGtl/s cg'ejsf] 3f]if0ff a'‰g ;Sg] 5f}F .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ af6} :d[lt, 1fg, ckf]xg, ;+zo / lj;{hg x'G5 / ;a} j]båf/f …dÚ g}
hfGgof]Uo 5' tyf j]bfGtsf] stf{ / j]bx¿nfO{ hfGg]jfnf klg …dÚ g} x'F . s[i0fn] :d[lt, 1fg /
ckf]xg u/L tLg zAbsf] k|of]u ug{'ePsf] 5 . ckf]xgsf] cy{ ;+zo lj;{hg xf] . ;+zon] ubf{
xfdLleq ;w}F l7s / a]l7s lar Hjf/ef6f rln/xG5 / /f]lsg] gfd glnO{ 38Lsf] k]G8'nd h:t}
otfptf xlNn/xG5 . o;sf] ljk/Lt cj:yf ckf]xg xf] . hxfF ;+zo ;dfKt eP/ c;+zo pknAw
x'G5 / hxfF s'g} r'gfj geO{ r'gfj/lxt cj:yf x'G5, ToxLF ckf]xg kmlnt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f bf];|f] :d[lt eGg'x'G5 . s[i0fsf] :d[ltsf] cy{ (Memory) xf]Og . :d[ltsf] cy{ d sf]
x'F eg]/ hfGg' xf] . cfTdaf]w (Self remembering) x'g' :d[lt xf] . h'g lbg ;a} ;+of]ux¿ 5f]8]/
JolQm cfˆgf] :jefj cyf{t\ d sf] x'F eGg] :d/0f u5{, ToxL :d[lt xf] . xfd|f] gfd, sfd, k];f, hLjg
;a} ;f+of]lus s'/f x'g\ . cfTdfsf] s'g} gfd, ¿k, k];f x'Fb}g . oxL c¿k / cgfd l:ylt hfGg'nfO{ g}
>Ls[i0f :d[lt eGg'x'G5 . s[i0f cfk"mleq /x]sf ;a} ;+of]ux¿ / l:yltx¿sf] kf/ h] 5 To;nfO{ hfg

nf]suLtf– 606
 cWofo–!%
eGg'x'G5 . afns, hjfg / j[åtfsf] cj:yfaf6 u'lh|Fbf s'g};Fu klg :klz{t / k|efljt geO{ ;bf
h'g Ps / d'Qm cj:yfdf x'G5 ToxL :d[ltnfO{ >Ls[i0f …dÚ x'FÚ eGg'x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f 1fg …dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 . 1fgsf] cy{ Knowledge xf]Og k|1f Wisdom xf] . s]xL
ghfGg] JolQm klg 1fgL x'g ;S5 t/ ;"rgf ;ª\sng ug]{ JolQm lgk6 c1fgL x'G5 . ;a} zf:q,
j]b, uLtf s07:y kf/]/ b'v kbf{ cfqmfGt x'g] JolQm 1fgL x'g ;Sb}g . JolQm k|1fdf eP gePsf]
s'/f b'vsf] cj:yfdf yfxf x'G5 . 1fg a'l4sf] sfdrnfp Joj:yf xf] t/ k|1f xfd|f] cg'ej xf] .
h;sf] hLjgdf cg'ejaf6 af]w ;w]sf] 5 To;nfO{ >Ls[i0f …Tof] d x'FÚ eGg'x'G5 . :d[lt, 1fg /
ckf]xg ;a} j]båf/f hfGgof]Uo tYox¿ x'g\ . ;f/f j]bn] log} tLgsf] vf]h u5{ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ g s]jn ;f/f j]båf/f hfGgof]Uo 5' …dÚ g} j]bfGtsf] stf{ / j]bnfO{
hfGg]jfnf klg x'F . ;f/f j]b dnfO{ g} vf]Hb5g\ / ;f/f j]b d]/} cg'ejaf6 lgl:sG5g\ . ;f/f j]bsf]
vf]h Tof] cGtof{dLnfO{ kfpg' xf] / Tof] leq l:yt /x:ox¿sf] klg /x:o hfGg ;Sg' xf] . h;af6
Tof] cGtof{dL;Fu kl/ro / ldng x'G5 ToxL jf0fL j]b xf] . s[i0fsf] t afF;'/Ld} j]b / ;f/f j]bfGt
5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– …dÚ g} ;a}sf] vf]h x'F, …dÚ g} ;a}sf] d"n x'F / of] …dÚ g} ltdL leq n's]sf]
cGtof{dL klg x'F .
åfljdf} k'?iff} nf]s] If/ZrfIf/ Pj r .
If/M ;jf{l0f e"tflg s"6:yf]˜If/ pRot] ..!^..
x] ch{'g Û of] ;+;f/df If/ gfzjfg\ / cIf/ cljgfzL u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf k'?if 5g\ . logLx¿df
;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] z/L/ If/ cyf{t\ gfzjfg\ tyf s"6:y hLjfTdfnfO{ cIf/ cljgfzL elgPsf] 5 ..
pQdM k'?if:TjGoM k/dfTd]To'bfÅtM .
of] nf]sqodfljZo laeTo{Joo O{Zj/M ..!&..
oL b'O{df pQd k'?if cGo g} 5 h;n] tLg} nf]sdf k|j]z u/]/ ;a}nfO{ wf/0f, kf]if0f u5{
h;nfO{ cljgfzL O{Zj/ / k/dfTdf elgPsf] 5 ..
o:dfTIf/dtLtf]˜xdIf/fblk rf]QdM .
ctf]˜l:d nf]s] j]b] r k|lytM k'?iff]QdM ..!*..
lsgeg] …dÚ gfzjfg\ h8 ju{ If]qaf6 t ;j{yf ctLt x'F / dfofdf cIf/ cljgfzL hLjfTdf
eGbf klg pQd 5' . o;sf/0f nf]sdf / j]bdf d k'?iff]Qd gfdn] k|l;4 5' ..
oL Znf]sx¿df k'?iff]Qdsf] JofVof ul/Psf] 5 . xfdL s[i0fnfO{ k'?iff]Qd gfdn] hfGb5f}F .
s[i0fsf] k'?iff]Qdsf] cy{ ljrf/0fLo 5 . >Ls[i0f tLg l:yltsf af/]df eGg'x'G5– Ps ljgfzzLn
z/L/, ;+;f/ Pjd\ hut\\ 5 / To; ljgfzzLn hut\\leq l:yt cljgfzL tŒj cfTdf 5 / Tof]
cljgfzL / ljgfzL b'j} tŒjsf] kf/ t];|f] tŒj k/dfTdf 5 . z/L/ If/ 5 / k|ltkn ljgfz /
kl/jt{g eO/x]sf] 5 . z/L/leq l:yt cfTdf cljgfzL 5 / oL b'j}sf] kf/ …dÚ 5' hf] k'?iff]Qd x'F
eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . oL b'O{ Ps If/ / csf]{ cIf/ b'j}sf] kf/ >Ls[i0f …dÚ 5' eGg'x'G5 .
bfz{lgsx¿ If/ / cIf/ eP t];|f] tŒjsf] cfjZostf gePsf] ;f]Rb5g\ . h}gx¿ å}tdf ljZjf;
ub{5g\ . pgLx¿ hLj / chLj cyf{t\ If/ / cIf/ g} kof{Kt 5, t;y{ t];|f]sf] cfjZostf 5}g
eGb5g\ . h}g ljrf/df t];|f] k/dfTdfsf nflu s'g} :yfg 5}g t/ >Ls[i0f Tof] t];|f] …dÚ x'F eGg'x'G5 .
s[i0fsf] of] t];|f]sf] hf]8 dxŒjk"0f{ 5 lsgeg] b'O{ dfq x'Fbf a/fa/ d"Nosf] eP/ b'j}sf] ;Gt'ng gx'g
;S5 . h:tf] t/fh'df b'O{ lx:;fdf olb t];|f] sfF6f ePg eg] stf af]em sd of Hofbf 5 5'6\6\ofpg
;lsGg . olb kbfy{ / r]tgfsf] kf/ sf]xL 5}g eg] b'j}nfO{ hf]8\g]jfnf / tf]8\g]jfnf klg sf]xL x'Fb}g .
olb b'O{sf lardf t];|f] ePg eg] ul0ftnufot ;a} s'/f clNemG5 . t;y{ lxGb", O;fO{ /
d';ndfg b'O{sf] :yfgdf lqd"lt{df ljZjf; u5{g\ . hxfF b'O{ x'G5, ToxfF t];|f] klg pkl:yt x'G5

nf]suLtf– 607
cWofo–!%
lsgeg] b'O{nfO{ hf]8\g jf 5'6\6\ofpg cyjf b'O{sf] kf/ x'g klg t];|f] cfjZos x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– …dÚ t];|f] x'F / ulx/f] cg'ejaf6 klg oxL l;4 x'G5 . Pp6f kbfy{åf/f lgld{t z/L/ x'G5,
bf];|f] r]tgfsf] s0faf6 lgld{t dg x'G5, hf] clxn];Dd xfdLn] b]v]sf 5}gf}F t/ zfGt eP/ leq k|j]z
u/]df dg b]lvG5 . ha dg b]lvG5, ta xfdL t];|f] x'G5f}F / xfd|f] x'g' s]jn ;fIfLefj cyf{t\
b]Vg]jfnf x'G5 . ;f/f v]n If/ / cIf/sf] xf] / xfdL s]jn b]Vg]jfnf xf}F . oxL t];|f] k'?iff]Qd xf] /
of] k'?iff]Qd x/]sdf l:yt 5 . klxn] z/L/sf] kq clg dfly dgsf] kq x'G5 / z/L/ / dgsf] kq
tf]8\of} eg] k'?iff]Qdsf] kq xfdLnfO{ pknAw x'G5 .
of] xfdLleq l:yt tLg kqx¿ cg'ejsf kq x'g\ . hlt leq uof] plt g} kqx¿ v'Ng
yfN5g\ . w]/} JolQmx¿ klxnf] kqd} clNemG5g\ / cfkm"nfO{ z/L/ g} 7fGb5g\ . o:tf JolQmx¿
cfkm"leq ePsf] cd"No ;Dkbf hfGgaf6 jl~rt x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ h8d} cyf{t\ z/L/df /d]/ afFsL
vf]h aGb ub{5g\ . gfl:ts / z/L/jfbLx¿sf] e'n tfls{s xf]Og hLjgut x'G5 . leqL vf]h g} aGb
ePsf] x'Fbf JolQm h8 eO;s]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] gfl:ts JolQm aGb x'G5 / cfl:ts JolQm ;bf v'Nnf
x'G5 . cfl:ts JolQm;Fu ;Defjgf v'nf x'G5 h'g z'e xf] . cfkm" ePsf] :yfgeGbf c¿leq ofqf
ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] p;sf] ;f]rfO x'G5 . leq vf]h u/]/ n's]sf]nfO{ k|s6 ug{ ;lsg] x'Fbf cfl:ts
JolQm a]l7s eP klg z'e x'G5 . xfdL hlt leq k|j]z u5f}{+, Tolt g} ;'v, zflGt / cfgGbdf k|j]z
x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– If/ cyf{t\ z/L/ / cljgfzL cfTdf hf] z/L/;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5, oL b'j}sf]
kf/ ;fIfL cfTdf x'G5 hf] b'j}af6 d'Qm 5 . cfTdf / ;fIfL cfTdf Pp6} r]tgfsf b'O{ cj:yf dfq
x'g\ . z/L/;Fu hf]l8Psf] h;nfO{ …dÚsf] ljrf/ x'G5 Tof] cfTdf xf] / ha …dÚ klg ;dfKt x'G5, ToxfF
z'4 r]tgf dfq /xG5 . To; cj:yfdf æd 5'Æ eGg] ljrf/ x'Fb}g . o:tf] z'4 r}tGosf] gfd
k'?iff]Qd xf] . xfd|f] hLjgsf tLg kqx¿ x'g\ . klxnf]b]lv t];|f];Ddsf] ofqf ug{' ;f/f cfWoflTds
vf]h / ;fwgf xf] . t];|f]sf] nIf0f b'j}eGbf kf/ x'g' xf] . pm z/L/, kbfy{ / dgeGbf leGg x'G5 .
t];|f]sf] emns xfdL slxn]sfxLF kfpg ;S5f}F . ef]hg ubf{ Ps If0f x]g]{ sf]l;; u/]df ef]hg z/L/df
uO/x]sf] x'G5, ef]hg hf] If/ xf] Tof] If/df g} hfFb} 5 t/ hf] p;nfO{ z/L/df k'¥ofpF5, Tof] cfTdf
xf] . olb cfTdf l:yt geP z/L/n] ef]hg ug{ / krfpg ;Sb}g . ef]s z/L/nfO{ nfU5 t/ h;nfO{
yfxf x'G5, Tof] cfTdf xf] . cfTdf geP z/L/nfO{ ef]ssf] hfgsf/L klg x'Fb}g .
ef]s / ef]ssf] k|tLlt b'O{ tndf x'G5 t/ t];|f] tŒj klg 5 hf] of] ;a} x]l//x]sf] x'G5 .
z/L/nfO{ ef]s nfU5 / cfTdfnfO{ ef]s nfu]sf] yfxf x'G5 / t];|f] tŒj cyf{t\ ;fIfLn] b'j}nfO{
x]l//x]sf] x'G5 . of] t];|f]sf] emns ;dfTg] k|of; ug{'k5{ . x/]s 36gfdf oL tLg}sf] cg'ej x'G5 / oL
tLgljgf s'g} cg'ej lgld{t x'Fb}g . t];|f] hf] leq u'Kttd ¿kdf n's]sf] 5 To;sf] hfgsf/L
;+j]bgzLn geO{ x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] k'?iff]Qd u'Kttd x'G5 . JolQmsf] ;+j]bgf a9]df dfq p;sf]
k|tLlt x'g ;'? x'G5 . s'g} 36gf 36\bf aflx/ guO{ leq vf]h u/]df k'?iff]Qdsf] bz{g x'g ;S5 .
x/]s cg'ejdf t];|f]nfO{ hfGg] k|of; u/]df pm x/]sdf l:yt x'G5 .
hf] leq cfkm"nfO{ klg cnu eP/ b]Vg] tŒj 5 ToxL k'?iff]Qd tŒj xf] . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{
eGb} x'g'x'G5– of] h'g o'4 eO/x]sf] 5 Tof] If/ xf] . o;df hf] dg]{jfnf 5g\ pgLx¿ dg]{jfnf g} x'g\ .
o;df ltdL leq cIf/ klg n's]sf] 5, h;sf] sf/0fn] ltdLleq 56k6fx6 eO/x]sf] 5 . olt w]/}
cfkmGtx¿sf] xTof u/]/ k|fKt /fHosf] s] nfe eGg] pxL cIf/n] ;f]Rb} 5 / oxL r]tgf bf];|f] tŒj
xf] . t];|f] tŒj of] ;a} b]Vg]jfnf k'?iff]Qd …dÚ x'F . ch{'gsf] /ydf tLg} tŒjx¿ df}h'b 5g\ . ToxfF

nf]suLtf– 608
 cWofo–!%
If/ tŒjsf] ¿kdf ch{'g, /y, 3f]8fx¿ 5g\, cIf/ tŒjsf] ¿kdf ch{'gsf] lrGtgzLn cfTdf 5 /
t];|f] tŒj k'?iff]Qdsf] ¿kdf >Ls[i0f klg df}h'b x'g'x'G5, h'g ;fIfLsf] ¿kdf k|To]sdf l:yt 5 .
x/]s z/L/ /y xf] . z/L/df lrGtf p7\g' cfTdfsf] nIf0f xf] t/ of] clGtd tŒj xf]Og .
k'?iff]Qdsf] hfgsf/L g} xfd|f] clGtd nIo xf] . k'?iff]Qdsf] bz{g x'g]lalQs} JolQm s'g} lg0f{o gu/L
hLjgdf aUg yfN5 lsgeg] pm hfGb5 hf] dg]{jfnf 5 Tof] cjZo} d5{, h'g cljgfzL cd/ 5 Tof]
slxn] ld6\b}g / ;a} b]Vg]jfnf tŒj k'?iff]Qdn] s]jn z'4 r}tGosf] ¿kdf x]g]{ sfd dfq u5{, ta
of] ;f/f hLjg Ps v]n x'G5 . of] t];|f]sf] vf]h g} xfd|f] hLjgsf] nIo xf] . k'?iff]QdnfO{ kfPkl5
s]xL kfpg afFsL /xFb}g . k'?iff]Qd cToGt lgs6 5 / k'?iff]QdnfO{ hfGg ;Sg' g} s[i0f tŒjnfO{
hfGg' xf] .
of] dfd]jd;Dd"9f] hfgflt k'?iff]Qdd\ .
; ;j{lj∫hlt df+ ;j{efj]g ef/t ..!(..
x] e/tj+zL ch{'g Û o;k|sf/ tŒjk"j{s hf] 1fgL k'?if dnfO{ k'?iff]Qd eg]/ hfGb5, Tof] k'?if
;a} k|sf/af6 lg/Gt/ dnfO{ g} ;a} hfg]/, ;a} k|sf/n] dnfO{ g} eHb5g\ ..
Olt u'Xotd+ zf:qldbd'Qm+ dofg3 .
Ptb\a'b\Wjf a'l4dfG:ofTs[ts[ToZr ef/t ..@)..
x] lgikfk ch{'g Û To;}n] clt /x:oo'Qm uf]kgLo zf:q daf6 elgPsf] 5, x] ef/t Û o;nfO{
tŒjk"j{s hfGg ;Sbf dg'io 1fgjfg\ / s[tfy{ x'G5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o;k|sf/ hf] 1fgL k'?if tŒjk"j{s dnfO{ k'?iff]Qd eg]/ hfGb5, Tof] ;j{1
k'?if ;a} k|sf/af6 lg/Gt/ …dÚ k/d]Zj/nfO{ g} eHb5 . h;nfO{ z/L/ kl/lwdf 5, dWodf r]tgf 5
/ cGt s]G›df cGtof{dL k'?iff]Qd 5 eGg] :d/0f x'G5, ta p;sf] kl/lw klg k/dfTdf¿kL s]G›sf]
g} u'0fufg ug{ yfN5 / aflx/ klg ToxL k|s6 x'G5 hf] p;leq 5 . o:tf] JolQm k/dfTdf;Fu k[ys\
x'Fb}g / pm cfˆgf] x'g'sf] cleGg cË x'G5 ta p;n] h] u5{, Tof] ;a} k/dfTdfd} 3l6t x'G5 . df5f
;fu/df eP h:t} JolQm klg k/dfTdfdf x'G5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ lg/Gt/ eHg'sf] cy{ oxL xf] .
hLjgsf x/]s s[Todf k/dfTdfsf] :d/0f ;tt ¿kdf leq alg/xg', s'g} klg ultljlw
k/dfTdfeGbf cnu gx'g' / xfd|f] ;a} s[To dfnfdf a'lgPsf] df]tLh:tf] k/dfTdf¿kL wfuf]n] afFw]/
/fv]sf] cj:yfdf x'g' eg]sf] k/dfTdfsf] lg/Gt/ ehg ug{' xf] . xfdL leq /fdsf] gfd eHb} xhf/
s[To ul//x]sf x'G5f}F . o;/L /fd /fd eHbf xfd|f] dg cEo:t x'G5 / :jrflnt oGq aG5 t/ o;sf]
s]xL d"No x'Fb}g . eHg'sf] cy{ xfd|f] hLjg k/dfTdfsf] :d[ltdf 8'Ag' xf] . h];'s} x]bf{ ubf{ klg pg}
k'?iff]Qdsf] :d/0f alg/xg' g} lg/Gt/ ehg xf] . ehgsf] cy{ zflAbs xf]Og lsgeg] of] t b'vaf6
aRg] / sfdgfk"lt{ x]t'sf nflu ul/Psf] pkfo x'g ;S5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ cg'ejn] hfGg'k5{ . hxfF uP
klg / h] u/] klg xfd|f] Wofg kl/lwdf geP/ ;bf s]G›s} k|tLlt alg/xg' / k'?iff]Qdsf] pkl:yltsf]
wf/f leq alg/xg' g} xfd|f] hLjgsf] ehg xf] . o:tf] k|tLlt ePdf xfd|f] hLjg g} eHfg x'G5 .
r]i6fn] ul/Psf] ehg leqL ehg geO{ ;txL dfq x'G5 . ;a} eO/x]sf s'/fx¿ pxfFs} sf/0f
eO/x]sf / ;a} s'/fdf k/dfTdfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] eGg] ;tt :d/0f hufpg' g} lg/Gt/ ehg xf] .
>Ls[i0f k'gM ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– x] lgikfk ch{'g Û o:tf] /x:oo'Qm uf]kgLo zf:q …daf6Ú
elgPsf] 5 To;nfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfg]/ dg'io 1fgjfg\ / s[tfy{ x'G5g\ . s[i0f lgikfk zAb k|of]u
ug{'x'G5 . kfk u/] klg xfd|f] kfk/lxttfdf s'g} km/s kb}{g lsgeg] lg:kfktf xfd|f] :jefj xf] /
o;af6 xfdL jl~rt x'g ;Sb}gf}F . klZrddf O;fO{x¿ kfk u/]kl5 JolQm kfkL x'G5 lgikfk x'g

nf]suLtf– 609
cWofo–!%
;Sb}g eGb5g\ t/ lxGb' lrGtg lgbf]{iftf xfd|f] :jefj xf] eGb5 . h'g lbg xfdL of] ;a} aflx/L
s[Toaf6 cnu 5f}F eGg] hfGb5f}F, To;} lbg xfdL cfˆgf] lgikfk l:yltdf k'gM pknAw x'g] 5f}F . of]
xfdLn] x/fPsf 5}gf}F / x/fpg] ;Defjgf klg 5}g s]jn lj:d/0f dfq ePsf] 5 . HofbfeGbf Hofbf
kfk cfˆgf] lgikfk bzfsf] lj:d/0f dfq xf] . lgbf]{iftf ;+fof]lus geO{ xfd|f] ;xh cj:yf xf] /
tftf]kgf clUgsf] :jefj eP h:t} lgikfktf xfd|f] :jefj xf] .
r]tgf lgikfk x'g' wd{ xf] . ch{'g cfˆgf] lgikfk cj:yfsf] lj:d/0fn] eoeLt 5g\ . o'4df
n8]/ cfkmGtnfO{ dfg{' kfk x'G5 / o;n] cgGt hGd;Dd e6\lsg'k5{ eGg] pgsf] wf/0ff 5 . t;y{
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ lgikfk eg]/ ;Daf]wg ug{'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ltdL lgikfk xf} eg]/ :d/0f u/fpFb}
x'g'x'G5 . ha s'g} JolQm klxnf] kq kl/lwaf6 kl5 x6\5, ta lgikfktfsf] wf/f ;'? x'G5 / t];|f] kq
k'?iff]Qddf k'u]kl5 ;a} lgikfk x'G5g\ . klxnf] kq z/L/sf] tn;Dd ;a} kfk xf] lsgeg] Tof]
z/L/sf] :jefj xf] . t];|f] kqdf ;a} lgikfk xf] lsgeg] Tof] s]G› cyf{t\ k'?iff]Qdsf] :jefj
lgikfktf xf] . oL b'j}sf lardf hxfF xfd|f] dg 5, ToxfF ;a} kfk / lgikfk ldl>t x'G5 . t;y{ dg
;w}F u¿F–gu¿Fsf] lardf 8fdf8f]n x'G5 . ha JolQm klxnf] kqaf6 t];|f] kq k'?iff]Qddf k'U5, ta
;a} lgikfk x'G5g\ . ch{'g bf];|f] cj:yfdf 5g\ t/ >Ls[i0f t];|f] cj:yfaf6 s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .
dxfef/tsf] o'4df tLg k|sf/sf JolQmx¿ 5g\ . o'4df h'6]sf ;Dk"0f{ JolQmx¿ klxnf] kqdf 5g\ .
ch{'g bf];|f] kqdf 5g\ tyf >Ls[i0f t];|f] kqdf x'g'x'G5 . klxnf] z/L/sf] tndf /fd|f]–g/fd|f] eGg]
ljrf/ x'Fb}g lsgeg] z/L/ d"lR5{t x'G5 / ToxfF ;a} kfk x'G5 . ch{'g lardf c8\s]sf 5g\ / pgsf
dgdf ;Gb]x / lrGtf hfu]sf]n] pgL b'lawfdf 5g\ . klxnf] kqsf JolQmx¿nfO{ s'g} b'lawf 5}g /
pgLx¿sf nflu n8\g' lgolt dfq xf] .
;a}eGbf k5fl8 t];|f] kqdf >Ls[i0f k'?iff]Qd x'g'x'G5, hxfF ;a} lgikfk cj:yf 5 . hf]
klxnf] kfksf] tndf 5g\, pgLx¿nfO{ klg s'g} ;Gb]x 5}g / >Ls[i0f hf] lgikfksf] cj:yfdf x'g'x'G5
ToxfF emg\ s'g} ;Gb]x x'g] k|Zg g} ePg t/ dWosf ch{'gsf] dg 8fdf8f]n 5 / pgL ;Gb]xdf 5g\ .
>Ls[i0fsf] k"/f r]i6f ch{'gnfO{ k'?iff]Qdsf] lgikfk tx;Dd k'¥ofP/ o'4 u/fpg' 5 . ch{'g lgikfk
bzfdf k'u]/ ToxfFaf6 o'4 u¿g\ egL s[i0fn] k"/f uLtfdf r]i6f ug{'ePsf] 5 . oxL g} uLtfsf] d'Vo
;f/ xf] . b'O{ cj:yfdf o'4 x'g ;S5 . ch{'g tn em/]/ z/L/sf] tndf hxfF b'of]{wg / eLdx¿ 5g\
ToxfF k'u]df o'4 x'g ;S5, Toltv]/ o'4 ;fwf/0f x'G5 cyjf ch{'g dfly plSnP/ >Ls[i0fsf] tndf
k'u]df klg o'4 x'g ;S5, ta o'4 ljlzi6 wd{o'4 x'G5 . olb ch{'g lardf /x] eg] s]xL ug{ g;s]/
b'lawfdf gi6 dfq x'g] 5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] lgikfk ch{'g Û o:tf] of] clt /x:oo'Qm uf]kgLo zf:q dåf/f elgPsf]
5 . o;nfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfg]/ dg'io 1fgjfg\ / s[tfy{ x'G5g\ . ch{'gn] ;'g]/ xf]Og s[i0fsf s'/fnfO{
:jod\ cg'ejaf6 tŒjk"j{s hfg]df dfq s[tfy{ x'g ;S5g\, ta dfq p;df k'?iff]Qdsf] ;'uGw
cfpg ;'? x'G5 . >Ls[i0f /x:odo / uf]kgLo zf:qsf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 . /x:odo o;sf/0f 5 ls
ha;Dd xfdL Tof] tŒjnfO{ hfGb}gf}F, ta;Dd Tof] /x:odo g} x'G5 . kfk u/]/ klg s;/L lgikfk x'g
;lsG5, ;+;f/d} /x]/ s;/L k'?iff]Qd x'g ;lsG5 / b'vdf /x]/ klg s;/L cd[tsf] wfd k|fKt x'g
;S5 < of] hfGg'eGbf /x:odo s'/f c¿ x'g' c;Dej 5 .
>Ls[i0f uf]kgLo klg eGg'x'G5 . ltdL lgikfk / k'?iff]Qd xf} eGg] s'/fx¿ cToGt uf]kgLo
9Ën] eGg'k5{ lsgeg] hf] kfkL 5g\, pgLx¿ klg o;nfO{ ;'g]/ hlt kfk u/] klg lgikfk eOxflnG5
eg]/ kfk ug]{ qmd hf/L /fVg ;S5g\ . ljk/Lt cy{ lgsfn]/ cfkm"nfO{ gi6 gug]{nfO{ dfq of]
uf]kgLo s'/f eGg'k5{ . hf] cfkm" ablng tof/ 5, p;nfO{ dfq of] eGgof]Uo 5 lsgeg] h'g clUgn]

nf]suLtf– 610
 cWofo–!%
tfk lbG5, ToxL clUgn] hnfP/ e:dLe"t klg ug{ ;S5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0f uf]kgLo zAb k|of]u ug{'x'G5
. o;nfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfg]/ cfˆgf] cg'ejaf6 dfq dg'io 1fgjfg\ / s[tfy{ x'G5 .
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] k'?iff]Qdof]uf] gfd
k~rbzf]˜WofoM ..!%..

nf]suLtf– 611
cWofo–!%

nf]suLtf– 612
 cWofo–!^
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
;f]x|f}+ cWofo
b}jf;'/;Dklåefuof]uM

>Leujfg'jfr
ceo+ ;Œj;+z'l41f{gof]uJojl:yltM .
bfg+ bdZr o1Zr :jfWofo:tk cfh{jd\ ..!..
>L eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– x] ch{'g Û eosf] ;w}“ cefj, cGt:s/0fsf] k"0f{ lgd{ntf tŒj1fgsf
nflu Wofgof]udf lg/Gt/ b[9 l:ylt / ;flŒjs bfg, OlG›osf] bdg, eujfg\\ / u'?hgsf] k"hf tyf
clUgxf]q cflb pQd sd{sf] cfr/0f Pjd\ j]b–zf:qsf] k7g–kf7g tyf eujfg\sf] gfd / u'0fsf]
sLt{g, :jwd{ kfngsf nflu si6;xg tyf z/L/ / OlG›ox¿;lxt cGt:s/0fsf] ;/ntf b}jL ;Dkbf
k|flKtsf nIf0f x'g\ ..
dg'iosf] JolQmTj å}t x'g] ePsfn] pm ;w}“ b'lawfdf x'G5 . kz' / k/dfTdfsf] b'j} u'0f p;df
ljBdfg x'G5 . dg'io :ju{ / gs{ b'j};Fu hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . To;}n] stflt/sf] ofqf ug]{ eGg] s'/f
p;df g} lge{/ x'G5 . gs{ hfg h'g zlQm rflxG5, ToxL zlQmn] :ju{ k'luG5 lsgeg] b'j}sf] zlQm
Pp6} x'G5 . k/dfTdflt/sf] ofqf z'e xf] eg] k/dfTdf ljk/Ltsf] ofqf cz'e xf] . s'g dfu{df ofqf
ug]{ eGg] lg0f{o cfk}mn] ug'[{kg]{ ePsfn] o;sf] kl/0ffdsf] lhDd]jf/L p;sf] cfˆg} x'G5 . zf:qdf
plNnlvt eujfg\ / /fIf; xfd|f b'O{ cj:yfx¿ x'g\ . xfdL eujfg\ / /fIf; b'a} x'g ;S5f}F . /fIf;df
klg k/dfTdf x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 / ;fw'df klg b'i6 x'g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . xfdL oL b'j}sf lardf
x'G5f}F .
>Ls[i0f b'O{ k|sf/sf ;Dkbfsf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'x'G5, tL b'O{ ;Dkbf b}jL / cf;'/L ;Dkbf x'Gf\ .
b}jL ;Dkbf k|fKt ePsf k'?ifsf] nIf0f ceo, cGt:s/0fsf] z'l4, 1fgof]udf lg/Gt/ b[9 l:ylt, bfg
tyf OlG›ox¿sf] bdg, o1, :jfWofo tyf tk Pjd\ z/L/ / OlG›o;lxt cGt:s/0fsf] ;/ntf xf] .
dg'iodf /fIf; / eujfg\ x'g ;Sg] b'O{ k|sf/sf] zlQm x'G5 . oL b'j} zlQm jf ;Dkbf xfdL;Fu
ePsfn] o;sf af/]df /fd|f] hfgsf/L x'g'k5{ . ;+;f/df lsga]r ug]{ wgn] wd{ lsGg ;Dej 5}g
lsgeg] b'j}sf] dfu{ cnu x'G5 . lbJotf lsGg ;lsg] ;Dkbf b}jL ;Dkbf xf] / cf;'/L ;Dkbf b}jL
;Dkbfsf] l7s ljk/Lt xf] . xfdL cf;'/L ;Dkbfaf6 b}jL ;Dkbf kfpg] k|of; u5f}{+ . To;}n] cf;'/L /
b}jL ;Dkbfsf af/]df :ki6 ePdf xfd|f] ofqf ;'ud x'g] 5 .
tk:of ubf{ klg JolQmdf s'g ;Dkbf k|efjsf/L 5, Tof] hfGg'k5{ . b'jf{;f h:tf JolQmx¿sf]
tksf] zlQm cf;'/L x'g'k5{, t;y{ Tof] tk j/bfg gagL clezfk / lx+;f aGof] . cf;'/L k|jl[Qsf
tk:jLsf cfFvfdf cxª\sf/ b]lvG5 . tkn] JolQmnfO{ ljgd| agfpg' / :jod\nfO{ klg ld6fpg'kg]{
xf] . tk:jLsf] cxª\sf/ a9]sf] 5 eg] p;df cf;'/L ;Dkbf a9]sf] x'g'k5{ . wgL JolQmdf k'0o
sdfpg] nf]en] s'g} lbg Tofusf] ljrf/ knfpg ;S5 / p;n] ;Dk"0f{ wg 5f]8\g klg ;S5, t/ klg
o:tf] JolQm cf;'/L ;Dkbfs} JolQm dflgG5 . /fd|f]eGbf /fd|f] rof{sf k5fl8 klg cf;'/L ;Dkbf x'g
;S5 . b'i6 k|j[lQsf] JolQm klg zL3|tfn] /fd|f] sfddf nfUg ;S5 . t/ o;af6 p;sf] df}lns
;Dkbf ablnFb}g . p;sf] qmf]w, nf]e, dgsf] OR5f ablnFb}g s]jn gofF lgof]hg dfq x'G5 . t;y{
ofqfdf lgl:sg'cl3 b}jL / cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] dfu{sf] plrt klxrfg ePdf ofqf ;'ud / ;/n x'g]

nf]suLtf– 613
cWofo–!^
5 . unt zlQmsf] k|of]un] l7s uGtJodf k'Ug ;lsFb}g . b}jL ;Dkbfsf] pkof]un] dfq l7s ;fWo
cyf{t\ uGtJo;Dd k'¥ofpg ;S5 .
oL b'j} ;Dkbf k|To]s JolQmdf x'G5g\, hf] xfdLn] cfh{g ug{'kb}{g . k|s[ltn] b'j} ;Dkbf
;a}nfO{ ;dfg lblG5g\ t/ o; hut\df olt w]/} e]b b]Vg' xfd|} sf/0fn] xf] . o;sf] pkof]u xfdL
s;/L u5f+}{, To;df ;a} lge{/ x'G5 . hut\df b]lvg] ;fw' / b'i6 k|j[lQ k|s[ltsf] sf/0fn] geO{ xfd|}
sf/0fn] xf] . xfdL z'4, sf]/f sfuh h:t} hGdG5f}F, To;df xfdL h] n]V5f}F, ToxL aG5f}F . xfdL ;a}
a/fa/ ;Dkbf lnP/ hlGdG5f}F . aRrfx¿df b'j} ;Dkbf a/fa/ jf ;Gt'lnt x'gfn] pgLx¿ caf]w /
;/n x'G5g\ . ;fw'df b}jL ;Dkbf k"0f{¿kdf el/Psf] x'G5 . afnssf] l;wfkg caf]wtfn] / ;fw'sf]
l;wfkg 1fgn] el/Psf] x'G5 t;y{ ;fw'sf] cfFvf aRrf h:tf] lgd{n x'G5 . aRrfsf] ;/ntf b'O{
ljk/Lt ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;Gt'ng xf] / of] ofqfsf] ;'?jft gePsf] cj:yf xf] . ofqfsf] ;'?jft ubf{
p;n] b'O{ ;DkbfdWo] Pssf] r'gfj ug{'kg]{ x'G5 .
xfdLn] ug]{ s'g} klg lg0f{odf b'j} zlQmn] cfjfh lbG5g\ . s;};Fu emu8f eP/ df/sf6
;Ddsf] l:ylt ;[hgf eP leqaf6 s;}n] o:tf] gug{ eG5 . o;} u/L k|fy{gfdf hfFbf klg leqaf6
Joy{ ;do ajf{b gu/ eg]/ Ps zlQmn] elg/xG5 . /fd|f] of g/fd|f] b'j} ubf{ leqaf6 s;}n] /f]S5
lsgeg] leq b'O{ cfjfh 5 . aRrfsf] b'j} cfjfh zfGt x'gfn] pm lgbf]{if x'G5 t/ s]xL ;dokl5
p;n] ;+;f/df hfg'k5{ / b'O{ ljsNkdWo] Pssf] r'gfp ug'{kg]{ g} x'G5 . k/d ;fw'sf] cy{ ;f/f
ljs[ltx¿nfO{ kf/ u/]/ ;Gt'ngnfO{ pknAw ePsf] JolQm xf] . kl/k"0f{ xf]; ;fw]sf] cj:yf ;Gtl'nt
1fgsf] cj:yf xf] . aRrfsf] lgd{ntf / ;f}Gbo{ ToxL ;Gt'ngsf] sf/0fn] xf] t/ aRrfsf] b'O{ larsf]
r'gfp kZrft\ Tof] ;f}Gbo{ qmdzM ljnLg x'g ;'? x'G5 . t/ :jod\n] sdfPsf] pknlAw x'gfn] k/d
;GtnfO{ Tof] ;f}Gbo{ :yfoL ¿kdf pknAw x'G5 .
To; pk/fGt >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û b}jL ;Dkbf h'g k'?ifnfO{ k|fKt 5 / h;nfO{
cf;'/L ;Dkbf k|fKt 5, ltgsf nIf0f k[ys\ k[ys\ eG5' . >Ls[i0f ch'{gn] lrGg ;s"g\ eg]/ nIf0fx¿
eGb} x'g'x'G5 . ch{'gn] oL nIf0fx¿ lrGg'kgf{sf] sf/0f cToGt} cfwf/e"t / ;fGble{s 5 . b}jL
;Dkbf k|fKt ePsf] k'?ifsf] klxnf] nIf0f ceo (Fearlessness) xf] . ceo eGgfn] lge{otf xf]Og
lsgeg] cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf JolQmx¿ klg lge{o x'g ;S5g\ . ck/fwL JolQmx¿ w]/} lge{o x'gfn] g}
ck/fw ug{ ;S5g\ . lge{otf gx'gfn] w]/} JolQmx¿ ck/fwL x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ lsgeg] pgLx¿df
ck/fwsf] rfxgf t x'G5 t/ eosf] sf/0fn] pgLx¿ ck/fw ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . pgLx¿ rf]/L ug{
rfxG5g\ t/ 8/sf sf/0fn] ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . nf]eeGbf eo 7'nf] x'G5 / ToxL xfdLdflysf] cª\s'z xf] .
dgaf6 t s}og\ xTof ul/G5 t/ To;sf] sfof{Gjog dfq ug{ ;lsGg . hLjgdf k|To]s dg'ion]
sd;]sd bz k6s xTof ug]{ jf cfTdxTof ug]{ ljrf/ u/] klg eosf] sf/0fn] ug{ ;Sb}gg\ egL
dg;\ljb\x¿ eG5g\ . >Ls[i0f ceonfO{ b}jL ;Dkbfsf] klxnf] nIf0f eGg'x'G5 . a'4 / dxfjL/ klg
ceonfO{ k|d'v cfwf/ dfGg'x'G5 . ha;Dd ceo x'Fb}g, ta;Dd sf]xL clx+;|s klg x'Fb}g egL
dxfjL/ eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] eoaf6 g} lx+;f pTkGg x'G5 . o'4sf] d}bfgdf l;kfxL lge{o t x'G5 ;fy}
lx+;|s klg x'G5 . t;y{ ceo / lge{otfsf] km/s rflxF hfGg'kg]{ x'G5 .
lge{o eg]sf] Tof] xf] h;sf] leq eo t x'G5 t/ JolQm eoeLt geP/ cl8/xG5 . 8/kf]s
JolQm leqsf] eosf] sf/0fn] k|efljt eP/ efU5 . oL b'O{ 8/kf]s / axfb'/ JolQmsf] leq eo t
x'G5 km/s olt xf]– axfb'/ 86]/ ;fdgf u5{ t/ 8/kf]s efU5 . ceosf] cy{ h;sf] leq eo
gfdsf] s]xL x'Fb}g h;n] ubf{ pm g t 8/kf]s x'G5 g t axfb'/ g} x'G5 . eo/lxt JolQm dfq
ceodf pknAw x'G5 . To:t} cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] klxnf] nIf0f eo g} x'g'k5{ . ;a}eGbf a9L xfdL

nf]suLtf– 614
 cWofo–!^
d[To';Fu eoeLt x'G5f}F . cfkm" ld6]/ ;dfKt x'g] eo ;a}eGbf 7'nf] eo xf] . wg n'l6Fbf, 3/ hNbf,
kb vf]l;Fbf xfdL eoeLt x'G5f}F t/ of] eo klg ulx/fOdf d[To'sf] sf/0fn] g} xf] . h'g s'/fx¿
gePdf c;xfo cg'ej x'G5 Tof] klg d[To';Fu n8\g g;Sgfsf] sf/0faf6 pTkGg eo g} xf] . h'g
s'/f vf]l;Fbf eo x'G5 Tof] s'/f n'l6Fbf d[To' glhs ePsf] h:tf] efg x'G5 . axfb'/ / sfo/ JolQm
b'j}sf] leq eo x'G5, eo gePsf] cj:yf dfq ceo xf] . d[To'sf ;DaGwdf ;d:of ;dfwfg ePdf
xfdL klg ceo x'g ;S5f}F . ha leqsf] cd[t tŒj;Fu ;fIffTsf/ eP/ d[To' t x'Fb} x'Fb}g eGg] k|tLt
x'G5, ta o:tf] cfTdefj hfu]sf] cj:yfdf ceosf] pbo x'G5 . To;}n] ceo cfTdfsf] bf];|f] gfd
xf] . h;n] cfTdfnfO{ lrGg ;S5, p;sf] hLjgdf ceo kmlnt x'G5 . ;To / a|≈dsf] ofqfdf ceo
b}jL ;Dkbfsf] klxnf] cfwf/ xf] . ceosf] k|tLlt cfTdfsf] k|tLltaf6 ;''? x'G5 .
cd[tsf] k|tLlt ePsf] JolQm a|Xddf km8\sf] dfg{ ;S5 . leq ld6\g] 8/ 5 eg] a|Xdsf]
k|tLlt x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] a|Xd t d[To'eGbf eofgs x'G5 . d[To'df z/L/ dfq gfz x'G5, cfTdf t
cljgfzL x'g] x'Fbf p;sf] gfz x'g ;Sb}g t/ a|Xddf t cfTdf klg aRb}g, t;y{ of] dxfd[To' xf] .
;fu/df yf]kf ldl;Fbf p;sf] cl:tTj k"/} ljnLg ePem}“ a|Xddf ldng kZrft\ s]xL afFsL /xFb}g .
d[To'df z/L/ ld6]/ cfTdf k'gM gofF z/L/ k|fKt ug]{ ofqfdf hfG5 t/ a|Xddf pknAw JolQmsf] ;f/f
ofqf ;dfKt x'G5 / cfTdf dxfz"Godf ldl;G5 . t;y{ k/d1fgL k'gM kms]{/ cfpFb}gg\ . To;}n]
>Ls[i0fn] ceonfO{ b}jL ;Dkbfsf] klxnf] cfwf/ eGg'ePsf] xf] . lbJotfdf k|j]z ug{ JolQmdf
cfkm"nfO{ k"/} ld6fpg] ;fx; rflxG5 . h;nfO{ s;}n] klg ld6fpg ;Sb}g eGg] hfgsf/L x'G5,
To:tf] JolQmn] dfq cfkm"nfO{ ld6fpg ;S5 . o:tf] JolQm cfuf]df / kfgLdf plqg ;S5 lsgeg]
p;nfO{ cfuf]n] hnfpg ;Sb}g, kfgLn] 8'afpg ;Sb}g / z:qn] sf6\g ;Sb}g eGg] yfxf x'G5 .
To;}n] o:tf] JolQm z:qnufot s'g} s'/f;Fu klg 8/fpFb}g . of] cf:yfdf dfq ceo ljsl;t x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f bf];|f] nIf0f cGt:s/0fsf] k"0f{ z'l4 eGg'x'G5 . cGt:s/0f;Fu a8f] e|flGt hf]l8Psf]
5 . ;dfhsf] k"/f wf/0ff g} cGt:s/0fsf] zf]if0fdf lge{/ x'G5 . ;dfhn] cGt:s/0fsf] k"/f pkof]u
u/]sf] 5 . afNofj:yfb]lv g} aRrfx¿df ug{ x'g] / gx'g] s'/fx¿ af/Daf/ bf]xf]¥ofP/ ;+:sf/hGo
wf/0ff :yflkt ul/Psf] x'G5 . t;y{ To;sf lj?4df hfg vf]h]df cGt:s/0fn] t'?Gt lj/f]w u5{ .
x/]s ;dfhdf cnu–cnu cGt:s/0f x'G5 . zfsfxf/L 3/df hlGdPsf] JolQm eP p;sf]
cGt:s/0f zfsfxf/L g} x'G5 . df5f df;'sf] uGw klg p;n] ;xg ;Sb}g, u|x0f ug]{ t s'/} ePg .
t/ df+;fxf/L 3/df hlGdPsf] JolQmnfO{ ToxL ef]hg :jflbi6 nfU5 . of] jf:tljs cGt:s/0f geO{
;dfhn] pkof]u u/]sf] cGt:s/0f dfq xf] . ;dfhn] JolQmnfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fVgsf nflu jf:tljs
cGt:s/0f xfaL gxf];\ eg]/ pgLx¿sf] cGt:s/0fdf cfˆgf] wf/0ff yf]k/]sf] x'G5 . ;ft jif{sf]
pd]/;Dd JolQmsf] cfwf dl:tis lgld{t eO;S5 / afFsL lhGbuLdf %) k|ltzt lgld{t x'G5 egL
dgf]j}1flgsx¿ dfGb5g\ . ;ft jif{leqdf lgld{t dl:tis g} o;sf] cfwf/ x'G5 / afFsL lhGbuL
o;s} cg's"n rN5 . To;}n] tyfslyt wfld{s ;Dk|bfox¿ aRrfnfO{ zL3|tfk"j{s zf]if0f ug{
rfxG5g\ . wf/0ffx¿ leq lgld{t eO;s]kl5 jf:tljs cGt:s/0fn] cfjfh ;'Gg ;Sb}g / ;dfhn]
lbPsf] cGt:s/0fn] g} sfd ul//xG5 .
o;sf] cy{ ;dfhn] lbPsf] wf/0ffaf6 lgld{t cGt:s/0faf6 d'Qm eP/ jf:tljs
cGt:s/0fsf] cfjfh ;'Gg ;Ifd x'g' xf] . ha;Dd xfdL wd{ / ;dfhn] lbPsf] cGt:s/0fsf]
cfjfhaf6 d'Qm x'Fb}gf“}, ta;Dd xfd|f] jf:tljs hGd;Fu} lnP/ cfPsf] cGt:s/0f h'g b}jL :j/
xfdL;Fu 5 Tof] blaP/} a:5 . of] k|s6 x'g cGt:s/0fsf kqx¿ ;kmf x'gk5{ . ch{'g h'g 1fgsf]
s'/f ub}{ 5g\ Tof] pgsf] cGt:s/0faf6 cfPsf] xf]Og≤ ;fdflhs wf/0ffsf cfwf/df pgL 1fgsf]

nf]suLtf– 615
cWofo–!^
JofVof lbg vf]Hb} 5g\ . ch{'g eG5g\– d]/f u'?, d]/f cfkmGt, ldq–aGw'afGwjx¿nfO{ d s;/L xTof
u¿F, logLx¿ ;a} d]/f cfkmGt x'g\ . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– of] ltd|f] cGt:s/0fsf] cfjfh
xf]Og . of] ltd|f] cfˆgf] k|tLlt, af]w / k|1f xf]Og, of] ltd|f] leqaf6 ;dfhsf] wf/0ff af]ln/x]sf] 5 .
of] gx6fP;Dd z'4 cGt:s/0fsf] s]xL hfgsf/L x'Fb}g . z'4 cGt:s/0fsf] cy{ /fd|f] JolQmsf]
cGt:s/0f xf]Og lsgeg] /fd|f]–g/fd|f]sf] dfGotf klg ;dfhaf6} lgld{t x'G5 h'g wf/0ff kl/jt{g
eO/xG5 .
lh;; Pp6f le8df x'g'x'GYof] . le8df s;}n] pxfFnfO{ tkfO{+sf cfdf–a'af cfpg'ePsf] 5
eg] ta lh;;n] d]/f s'g} cfdf / a'af 5}gg\ eGg'eof] . of] egfO ;'Gbf pxfFh:tf] s?0ffjfg\
JolQmaf6 o:tf] s7f]/ jrgsf] cfzf klg ug{ ;lsGg t/ lh;;sf] jrgsf] k|of]hg leGg 5 . z'4
cGt:s/0fsf] cfdf, a'af, aGw'afGwj / cfkmGt sf]xL x'Fb}g . ;fdflhs cGt:s/0fsf] dfq ;a}
x'G5g\ . lh;;n] ;dfhsf] s'/f gdfg]sfn] pgnfO{ To; ;dosf] ox'bL ;dfhn] pk›jL ck/fwL
7x¥ofP/ z"nL r9fof] . lh;;nfO{ z"nL r9fPkl5 pxfFnfO{ dfGg] JolQmsf] ;dfh lgld{t eof] . ltg}
O;fO{x¿sf nflu lh;; ;a}eGbf /fd|f] k/dfTdfsf] Ps dfq k'q / d'lQmsf] dfu{ x'g'eof] . ox'bLsf
nflu ;a}eGbf g/fd|f] JolQm O:ffO{sf nflu ;a}eGbf /fd|f] x'g'eof] . ox'bLx¿;Fu Pp6f ;fdflhs
wf/0ff 5 eg] O;fO{x¿;Fu csf]{ ;fdflhs wf/0ff 5 . ;dfhsf] wf/0ff;Fu} /fd|f]–g/fd|f] klg
abln/xG5 . t;y{ cGt:s/0fsf] z'l4 eg]sf] /fd|f] JolQmsf] cGt:s/0f xf]Og, z'4 cGt:s/0fsf] cy{
xf] h;df s'g} ldnfj6 5}g . h'g cGt:s/0f lnP/ xfdL hGd]sf 5fF}, hf] s;}n] xfdLnfO{ lbPsf]
xf]Og / ;dfhn] lgld{t u/]sf] klg xf]Og, ToxL xfd|f] leqL ;Dkbf xf] .
;dfhsf] wf/0ffnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kn] x6fP/ lgvf¥of}+ eg] Tof] z'4 cGt:s/0f x'g] 5 h'g b}jL
;Dkbfsf] bf];|f] nIf0f xf] egL >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . oxL z'4 cGt:s/0fsf] ;xf/fdf lbJotf;Dd k'Ug
;lsG5 . xhf/f}“ k|sf/sf] ;dfh x'Fbf xhf/f}“ k|sf/sf dfGotfx¿ 5g\ . x/]s ;dfhn] dfGb} cfPsf
wf/0fsf sf/0fx¿ 5g\ / lTfgsf P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ldx¿ 5g\ . ;dfhsf wf/0ffnfO{ dfg]/ lxF8\g]
JolQm /fd|f] g/fd|f] b'j} x'g ;S5 t/ tL wf/0ffnfO{ dfg]/ sf]xL klg z'4 cGt:s/0fsf] JolQm x'g
;Sb}g . hf] cfkm"leqsf wf/0ffaf6 d'Qm eP/ cfˆgf] cGt:s/0faf6 rN5 / hxfF ;dfhsf] s'g} 5fk
g} x'Fb}g, o:tf] P]gf h:tf] z'4 cGt:s/0fsf dfWodaf6 b}jL ;DkbfnfO{ k|fKt u/L lbJotfnfO{ vf]Hg
;lsG5 .
>Ls[i0f b}jL ;Dkbfsf] t];|f] nIf0f 1fgof]udf lg/Gt/ b[9 l:ylt eGg'x'G5 . xfdL h'g hLjg
afFlr/x]sf 5f“},+ To;nfO{ d"R5f{df b[9 l:ylt eGg ;S5fF} lsgeg] xfdL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ d"R5f{d} u5f}{+ .
xfdL qmf]w / k|]d klg d"R5f{sf] cj:yfd} u5f}{+ . xfdLn] lsg o:tf] hLjg latfof}“ eGg] af/]df klg
xfdLnfO{ s]xL 1ft x'Fb}g . t;y{ xfd|f] cj:yf d"R5f{df b[9 l:ylt h:tf] 5 . 1fgof]udf b[9 l:ylt
eg]sf] hfu?stfdf b[9 l:ylt / xf];df x'g' xf] . o;}nfO{ a'4n] ;Dos\ :d[lt / dxfjL/n] ;Dos\
1fg / sjL/, gfgsn] ;'/lt eg]sf 5g\ . Jojxf/ d"lR5{t gx'g', cr]t zlQmx¿ lgisfd x'g' / s[To
r]tg x'g' g} 1fgof]udf b[9 l:ylt ePsf JolQmsf] nIf0f xf] . cfkm" lg0f{o ug{ g;Sg] / c¿af6
kl/rflnt x'g] JolQm d"R5f{df x'G5 . xf];df /x]sf] JolQm x/]s s[Tosf] lg0f{o ;r]tg ¿kn] cfkm}“
lnG5 .
xfd|f] dgsf] clwsf+z efu cr]tg / yf]/} dfq r]tg l:yltdf x'G5 eg]/ dgf]j}1flgs
eGb5g\ . kfgLdf a/km xfNbf gf} efu kfgLdf 8'A5 / Ps efu dfq dfly x'G5 . To:t} xfd|f] Ps
efu r]tg 5 eg] gf} efu cr]tg 5, h;n] rf}la; 3G6f xfdLnfO{ sfd u/fpF5 . of] cr]tg dg
xfdLnfO{ hGd–hGdsf] ofqf / cgGt ;+:sf/af6 k|fKt ePsf] xf] . xfd|f] r]tg dgn] cr]tg dgåf/f

nf]suLtf– 616
 cWofo–!^
ul/Psf] lg0f{o v08g ug{ vf]h] klg Tof] ug{ ;Sb}g lsgeg] gf} lx:;f ePsf] cr]tg dgn] Tof]
lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug{ lbFb}g . pm xhf/f}“ ts{ lbP/ cfkm"nfO{ zlQmzfnL l;4 ub}{ r]tg dg dfly
xfaL x'G5 . k|To]s dg'iosf] afwf oxL g} xf] . p;n] ablng] lg0f{o t u5{ t/ k"/f slxNo} ug{ ;Sb}g
lsgeg] cr]tg dg r]tg dgdfly ;b}j xfaL x'G5 . hlt xf]; hfUg ;'? x'G5, Tolt g} cr]tg
dgn] lyr]sf] r]tg dgsf] pbo x'g ;'? x'G5 . xf];k"0f{ hfu[t cj:yf k"0f{ r]tgsf] cj:yf xf] . Tof]
l:yltdf lnOPsf] lg0f{oleq s'g} lj/f]w x'Fb}g lsgeg] oxfF cr]tg dgdfly r]tg dg xfaL x'G5 .
;a} ;fwgf, k|lqmof, Wofg k|fy{gfsf ljlwx¿ xf];nfO{ hufpgsf nflu x'g\ / oxL g} 1fgof]udf b[9
x'g] pkfo klg xf] .
>Ls[i0f b}jL ;Dkbf ePsf] JolQmsf cGo nIf0fx¿df bfg tyf OlG›ox¿sf] bdg, o1,
:jfWofo tyf tk Pjd\ z/L/ / OlG›ox¿;lxt cGt:s/0fsf] ;/ntf x'g\ eGg'x'G5 . b}jL ;Dkbf
ePsf] JolQm cfkm";Fu ePsf s'/fx¿ afF8\g] efj /fV5 . oxL afF8\g] efjnfO{ s[i0f bfg eGg'x'G5 .
cf;'/L ;Dkbf ePsf] JolQmdf lng] efj dfq x'G5 . dxfjL/ cfˆgf] 1fg, a'4 cfˆgf] s?0ff, lh;;
cfˆgf] ;]jf afF8\b} x'g'x'G5 . h] cfkm";Fu 5, Tof] d]/f] dfq geP/ ;a}sf] xf];\ eGg] ulx/f] efj g} bfg
xf] . vf]:g] efj cxª\sf/sf] efj xf] . wg, ;'lawf / ;fwgsf] j[l4;Fu} cxª\sf/sf] j[l4 x'G5 . afF8\g]
efjsf] lj:tf/ ;Fu} cxª\sf/z"Go x'G5 . cxª\sf/ b'i6sf] efj xf] eg] lg/cxª\sfl/tf k/dfTdfsf]
efj xf] . afF8\g' / afF8\g] j[lQ ljsf; ug{' g} bfgsf] d"n cy{ xf] . hlt afF8\of] plt g} a9L k|fKt
x'G5 . afF8\bf cfkm";Fu s]xL garf];\ eGg] efjsf] ljsf; ubf{ cfkm"n] g;f]r]sf] s'/f k|fKt x'G5 . bfg
k|]d / cfgGb xf] . b}jL ;Dkbf ePsf] JolQmdf cl:dtf x'Fb}g, cf;'/L ;Dkbf ePsf] JolQmdf dfq
cl:dtf x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fn] bfg / OlG›ox¿sf] bdg ;fy;fy} eGg'ePsf] 5 . hlt lbg ;''? ul/G5, plt
OlG›ox¿ lj;lh{t x'g yfN5g\ . hlt ;ª\u|x u5f}{+, Tolt g} OlG›ox¿ alnof / k|efjsf/L x'G5g\ .
OlG›o vf]:g rfxG5Ù t;y{ bfgsf] ;''?jft;Fu} OlG›ox¿ qmdzM z"Go x'g yfN5g\ . OlG›osf] bdgsf]
cy{ logLx¿;Fu n8\g' xf]Og :jod\sf] lghTjnfO{ k"/f afF8\g' xf] . cfˆgf] cfjZostfeGbf a9L s]xL
garfpg] xf] eg] OlG›o ¿kfGtl/t eO{ :jtM zfGt x'G5 . of] zflGt bfg / k|]daf6 kmlnt x'G5 .
OlG›ox¿ ef]u ug{ rfxG5g\ . To;}n] hah{:tL o;nfO{ bdg u/L cGoq nfg] k|of; u/]df czflGt
kmlnt x'G5 h;af6 ljs[lt / s'¿ktf dfq k|fKt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fn] c¿ nIf0fx¿df o1 eGg'ePsf] 5 . o1 Pp6f j}1flgs k|lqmofsf] gfd xf] . o1sf]
afXo ¿k;Fu dfq xfdL kl/lrt 5f}+ . clUgleq k|Hjlnt u/L Tof] clUgdf e:dLe"t x'g] ljlw o1
xf] . ;f/f hLjg clUgsf] v]n xf] / xfdL klg clUgs} Ps ¿k xf}F . xfd|f] z/L/df 3l6/x]sf x/]s
lqmof clUgs} v]n x'g\ . z/L/af6 clUg ;dfKt x'g]lalQs} ;a} ;dfKt x'G5g\ . hLjg Ps pi0ftf xf]
/ ;gftgLx¿n] o1sf dfWodaf6 of] pi0ftfsf] ulx/f] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . xfd|f] z/L/df lj/f6\ sfo{
rln/x]sf] 5 . ef]hg ub]{ 5f}+ h'g kRb} 5, /ut aGb} 5 / /ut bf}l8/x]sf] 5, Åbo / Zjf;
rln/x]sf] 5 . Pp6f JolQmsf] z/L/df hlt sfd x'G5 To;sf nflu sd;]sd bz ju{ldn
If]nkmnsf] sf/vfgf cfjZos x'G5 eg]/ z/L/zf:qLx¿ eGb5g\ . ;a}sf] leq clUg k|Hjlnt x'G5 /
p;}n] ;a} sfd u5{ . xfdLn] lng] Zjf; / lbof]df aNg] aQL b'j} clUg g} x'g\ . j}1flgsx¿ o;nfO{
clS;8fOh];g eGb5g\ lsgeg] clUg aNgsf nflu clS;hg rflxG5 . xfdLn] Zjf; lnFbf leq hfg]
clS;hg ;"Id clUg xf] . Zjf; l7s;Fu lng g;Sbf hLjg IfL0f x'G5 / Zjf; aGb x'Fbf d[To' x'G5 .
of]usf] k|lqmofåf/f leqsf] clUg k|Hjlnt ug{' g} o1 xf] . of] clUgaf6 leqL lqmofx¿ hNg] dfq
xf]Og, kmf]x/¿kL cxª\sf/ klg hNb5 / lbJotfsf] af]w x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 617
cWofo–!^
;b}j cfˆgf] cWoog ug{' g} :jfWofosf] cy{ xf] . :jod\sf Ps Ps ultljlw / x/]s
s[Tox¿nfO{ lrGg', ljZn]if0f ug{', lg/Gt/ cWoog ug{' / :jod\nfO{ zf:q agfpg' g} :jfWofo xf] .
oxL :jfWofoaf6 lnPsf] kl/0ffd / pkof]lutfnfO{ cufl8 k|of]u ug{' tk xf] . ;Dos\ ¿kdf
:jod\sf] cWoogaf6 x'g] lgisif{cg';f/ hLjg rnfpg' tk:of xf] . tksf] cy{ :jod\nfO{ si6 lbg'
eGg] sbflrt\ xf]Og . cfˆgf] :jefj kl/j{tg ug{ cToGt sl7g x'g] x'Fbf tkdf ;ª\sNknfO{ cfwf/
agfpg'k5{ . k'/fgf] :jefjnfO{ kl/j{tg ug{ ;kmn ePdf cfgGbkmlnt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f z/L/ /
OlG›o;lxt cGt:s/0fsf] ;/ntf eGg'x'G5 . hLjgsf x/]s If]qdf hl6n xf]Og ;/ntfnfO{ :yfg
lbg'k5{ . hl6ntf;Fu gafFRg' g} ;/ntfnfO{ :yflkt ug{' xf] . hl6n sfd ug{ dg cfsfª\IfL x'G5
lsgeg] ToxfF r'gf}tL x'G5 . ;/nsf] r'gfj u/]df xfd|f] cxª\sf/ qmda4 ¿kn] ;dfKt eP/ z/L/ /
OlG›o;lxt cGt:s/0fsf ;a} cfofdx¿df ;/ntf k|fKt x'G5 . h;nfO{ lbJotfsf] lbzfdf k|:yfg
ug{' 5, p;n] ;/ntfsf] hLjg r'Gg'k5{ . cxª\sf/ ;dfKt ePkl5 cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] h8 sfl6G5 eg]
lgcxÍfl/tfdf b}jL ;Dkbfsf] åf/ v'N5 .
clx+;f ;Todqmf]w:TofuM zflGt/k}z'gd\ .
bof e"t]ijnf]n'KTj+ dfb{j+ x|L/rfknd\ ..@..
x] ch{'g Û dg, jf0fL / z/L/n] s'g} k|sf/n] s;}nfO{ si6 glbg', oyfy{ / lk|o af]Ng', cfˆgf]
cksf/ ug]{jfnfk|lt klg qmf]w gx'g', sd{sf] stf{kgsf] cledfgsf] Tofu, cGt:s/0fsf] pk/lt cyf{t\
lrQsf] r~rntfsf] cefj, s;}sf] klg lgGbflb gug{', ;a} k|f0fLx¿df x]t'/lxt bof, OlG›osf]
ljifosf ;fy ;+of]u eP/ klg To;df cf;lQm gx'g', sf]dntf, nf]s / zf:qsf lj?4sf] cfr/0fdf
nHhf / Joy{ r]i6fsf] cefj klg b}jL ;Dkbfsf nIf0f x'g\ ..
t]hM Ifdf w[ltM zf}rdb|f]xf] gfltdflgtf .
ejlGt ;Dkb+ b}jLdlehft:o ef/t ..#..
x] ef/t Û t]h, Ifdf, w}o{, aflx/sf] z'l4, s;}df klg zq'efj gx'g' / cfˆgf]df k"Hotfsf]
cledfgsf] cefj x'g' klg b}jL ;Dkbfsf nIf0f x'g\ ..
clx+;f, ;To, cqmf]w, Tofu, zflGt, s;}sf] klg lgGbf gug{' / ;a} k|f0fLx¿df bof,
cnf]n'ktf, sf]dntf tyf nf]s / zf:qlj?4 cfr/0fdf nHhf Pjd\ Joy{ r]i6fx¿sf] cefj tyf
t]h, Ifdf, w}o{ / ;f]r cyf{t\ aflx/–leqsf] z'l4 Pjd\ c›f]x cyf{t\ s;}df klg zq'efj gx'g' /
cfkm"df k"Hotfsf] cledfgsf] cefj oL ;a} b}jL ;Dkbf k|fKt ePsf] k'?ifsf nIf0f x'g\ . c¿nfO{
b'v lbg] j[lQsf] Tofu g} clx+;f xf] . t/ xfdLdf c¿nfO{ b'v k'¥ofpg] j[lQaf6 ;'vsf] efj
knfpF5 . s;}sf] 3/df cfuf] nfUbf olb xfdLn] :jfWofo u¥of}F eg] aflx/af6 b'v JoQm u5f+}{ t/
leqleq} cfˆgf] 3/ hNgaf6 ar]sf]df v';Lsf] cg'e"lt u5f}{+ . s]xL gafF8Lsg ToxfF xfdL
;xfg'e"ltsf] ;'v lnG5f+} . b'vL JolQmsf] vf]hL xfdL t'ngfTds ¿kdf cfkm" ;'vL ePsf] cg'ej
ug{sf nflu u5f}{+ . xfdL cfkm"eGbf b'vL JolQm b]v]/ ;'vsf] cg'ej u5f}{+ t/ c¿nfO{ b'vL b]v]/ ;'vL
x'g' gsf/fTds ;f]r xf] .
b}jL ;Dkbfaf6 o'Qm k'?ifsf] nIf0f clx+;f xf] eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . c¿nfO{ b'v gk'¥ofpg]
j[lQ clx+;f xf] . c¿sf] ;'vdf ;'vL eO{ k|km'lNnt ePdf / c¿sf] b'vdf p;sf] 7fpFdf cfkm"nfO{
/fvL pm hlQs} b'vL ePdf clx+;fsf] efj ;'? x'G5 . ;'v jf b'vdf c¿sf] :yfgdf cfkm"nfO{ /fVg]
snf clx+;f xf] . xfd|f] aflx/L cfr/0f clx+;fsf] x'G5 t/ leq k"/f lx+;f el/Psf] x'G5 . c¿nfO{ b'v
lbg] OR5f / j[lQsf] ;dfkg g} clx+;f xf] . c¿sf] v';LnfO{ lg;t{ v';L efjn] :jLsf/ ug{' clx+;fsf]
nIf0f xf] h;af6 ;fIfLefj hfu[t x'g ;S5 . c¿sf] ;'v–b'vdf ;fIfL x'g] JolQm cfˆgf] ;'v–b'vdf
nf]suLtf– 618
 cWofo–!^
klg ;fIfL x'G5 . ;fFrf] af]Ng' dfq ;Tosf] cy{ xf]Og . ;fFrf] af]Ng' ;Tosf] uf}0f cy{ xf] . ;Tosf]
cy{ k|fdfl0fs eP/ leq aflx/ Ps x'g' xf] . kl/l:yltnfO{ uf}0f dfg]/ kl/0ffdsf] lrGtf gu/L
k|fdfl0fs x'g' ;Tosf] ;xL cy{ xf] . eljio / kmnsf] lrGtf gu/L h:tf] 5 To:t} k|:t't x'g' ;To
x'g' xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] kmnsf] lrGtf u5{ pm ;bf e6\lsP/ sxLF k'Ug ;Sb}g . cfkm"nfO{ leq
aflx/ Ps u/]/ k"/f v'Nnf /fVg' ;To xf] / of] b}jL ;Dkbfsf] Ps clgjfo{ cª\u xf] .
cqmf]w b}jL ;Dkbfsf] csf]{ nIf0f xf] . ;fdfGotM xfdL qmf]w slxn]sfxLF dfq u5f}{+ eGg] 7fG5f}F
t/ oyfy{df xfdL rf}la;} 3G6f qmf]wdf g} /xG5f}F . ;fdfGo l:yltdf xfdLnfO{ o;sf af/]df yfxf
x'Fb}g t/ ha of] plNemG5 ta qmf]w km'6]/ b]lvG5 . xfdL qmf]w;Fu} afFRg] x'Fbf xfdLnfO{ o;sf] afgL
kl/;s]sf] 5 . olb xfdLn] cfTdlg/LIf0f u¥of}F eg] rf}la;} 306f xfdL ljleGg s'/fdf / slxn] t
ljgfsf/0f g} qmf]w ul//x]sf x'G5f}F . qmf]wL x'g' klg qmf]w xfdL leq ePsfn] g} xf] . of] 36gf geO{
xfd|f] bzf xf] . rf}la; 306f zfGt x'g] l:ylt cqmf]wsf] l:ylt xf] . of] l:yltsf] ;[hgf ta x'G5, ha
xfdL c¿nfO{ bf]if lbg aGb u5f}{+ . xfdL ;b}j csf]{ JolQmn] gug{'kg]{ sfd u¥of], To;}n] qmf]lwt eof}“
eGg] 7fGb5f}“ . t/ ha c¿n] u/]sf] s'/f unt nfUg 5f]8\5 / c¿sf] uNtLdf bf]if vf]Hg 5f]8\5f}“,
ta dfq cqmf]wsf] l:ylt k}bf x'G5 . cqmf]w b}jL ;Dkbfsf] ax'd"No nIf0f xf] . b}jL ;Dkbfsf] Pp6f
nIf0f hfg]df c¿ nIf0fx¿ :jtM hfGg ;'? x'G5 lsgeg] ;a} u'0f ;+o'Qm 5g\ . hf] JolQm cqmf]wL
x'G5 pm :jtM ceoL x'G5 . qmf]w g} gePkl5 s;}n] eoeLt klg ug{ ;Sb}g . eoeLt ePkl5
cfˆgf] /Iff ug]{ pkfo g} qmf]w x'g] x'Fbf oxL qmf]wnfO{ hufP/ xfdL n8\g tof/ x'G5f}“ . cqmf]wdf
pknAw x'g]nfO{ ;a} s'/f lgoltsf] v]n x'G5 / pm Ps v'Nnf k':ts h:tf] x'G5 . oL ;a} u'0fx¿
;+o'Qm x'G5g\≤ To;}n] Pp6f u'0f hfu]kl5 c¿ u'0f :jtM kl5 hfUb5g\ .
b}jL ;Dkbfsf] csf]{ u'0f Tofu xf] . ef]usf] /; xfdL hfGb5f+}“ t/ Tofusf] /; xfdL hfGb}gf}“ .
s;}nfO{ s]xL lbFbf jf s;}sf] ;xf/f aGbf dg k|km'lNnt eP/ xfdL cfTdljef]/ x'G5f}“ . s]xL 5f]8\bf
leq s]xL km}lnP/ xfdL lj/f6\ h:tf] x'G5f+}“ . o:tf] cg'ej xfdL ;a}nfO{ af/Daf/ eO/xG5 . olb
o:tf cg'ejx¿ ljsl;t ug{ ;kmn eof+}“ eg] ToxL tŒjsf] gfd Tofu xf] . lbg] / 5f]8\g] ;'v g}
Tofu xf] t/ xfdL ;dft]/ a:g] ;'v dfq hfGb5f}+“ . JolQmx¿sf] wg hlt a9\5 pgLx¿ Tolt g} b'vL
x'g yfN5g\ / wgdf b'v 5 eg]/ ;f]Rb5g\ . wgdf b'v x'Fb}g, wgsf] ;ª\u|xdf eg] lgZro b'v x'G5 .
hlt wg j[l4 xF'b} hfG5, Tolt g} 5f]8\g ufx|f] x'G5 . wg ;ª\u|x ug]{ j[lt g} b'vsf] sf/0f xf] . cfh
wgsf] ks8sf sf/0fn] g} klZrdL d'n'sx¿ ;a}eGbf b'vL 5g\ . h;n] 5f]8\g] snf l;S5, pm ;'vL
x'G5 . Tofusf] snf hfGgfn] JolQmsf] hLjgdf cfgGbsf] åf/ v'n]/ p;sf] cfTdf klg ljsl;t
x'G5 . To;}n] Tofu klg b}jL ;Dkbfsf] csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ nIf0f xf] .
zflGt b}jL ;Dkbfsf] csf]{ nIf0f xf] . s;}sf] lgGbf gug{ / zfGt x'g xfdL ;a} rfxG5fF} t/
xfdL hlt zfGt x'g rfxG5fF}, TolQs} czfGt x'G5fF} . ha xfdL czfGt x'G5f}F, ta zfGt x'g sl7g
x'G5 . olb czfGt ePsf] If0fdf zfGt x'g l;Sof}F eg] czflGtsf] s'g} sf/0f g} x'Fb}g . c¿sf] ;'v
b]v]/ xfdL czfGt x'G5f}F / c¿ b'vL x'Fbf p;sf] b'vsf] t'ngf u/]/ zfGt x'g vf]H5f}F . t/ zflGtsf]
cj:yf xfd|f] :jefj xf] . xfdL leqsf] r}tGo k"0f{ zfGt 5 / xfdLn] czflGtsf] 5'› sf/0f cfk}mleq
vf]h u¥of+} eg] zflGt k|fKt ug{ ufx|f] x'Fb}g . zflGt b}jL ;Dkbf / czflGt cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] nIf0f
xf] . c¿sf] lgGbf ubf{ xfdLnfO{ v'a} /; cfpF5 lsgeg] s;}sf] lgGbf k/f]Ifdf cfˆgf] k|z+;f xf] .
k|foMh;f] a]l7s JolQmx¿ c¿sf] lgGbfdf ;+nUg x'G5g\ / c¿nfO{ a]l7s l;4 ug{ r]i6f
ul//xG5g\ . of] s]jn cfˆgf] ;'/Iffsf nflu / cfˆgf] g/fd|f] 5lj n'sfpgsf nflu dfq xf] . lgGbfdf
/; lng] JolQmsf] hut\df sf]xL ldq x'Fb}g . c¿df enfO vf]Hg] / c¿sf] lgGbf gug{] c;n

nf]suLtf– 619
cWofo–!^
JolQmsf] nIf0f xf] . b}jL ;Dkbfsf] JolQm c¿sf] lgGbf ub}{g p;nfO{ c¿sf] g/fd|f] s'/fdf ;'v
xfl;n x'Fb}g .
;a} k|f0fLx¿df bof, cnf]n'Kftf, sf]dntf tyf nf]s / zf:qlj?4 cfr/0fdf nHhf / Joy{
r]i6fx¿sf] cefj b}jL ;Dkbfsf JolQmsf c¿ nIf0fx¿ x'g\ . zf:qdf h] elgPsf] 5 / ;dfhsf] h]
k|rlnt Joj:yf 5 To;nfO{ lgod / v]n dfg]/ rNg' g} b}jL ;Dkbfsf JolQmsf] nIf0f xf] . o:tf]
JolQmn] ;dfh / zf:qn] agfPsf lgodx¿nfO{ kfngf u5{ / k|f0f / cfTdfnfO{ vt/f geP;Dd
To;sf] lj/f]w klg ub}{g . o:tf] JolQm x:tIf]ksf/L x'Fb}g / ;xh ¿kn] lgodfg';f/ Jojxf/ u5{ .
To:t} ;dfh klg p;sf nflu Ps v]n x'G5 / oxL v]n / ;dfhsf] lgodnfO{ dfg]/ b}jL ;Dkbfsf]
JolQm rNb5 . o:tf] JolQm g t afwf pTkGg u5{ g t afwfdf g} kb{5 . cf;'/L j[lQsf] JolQmnfO{
lgod pNnª\3g ug{, pR5[ª\vn x'g / ljk/Lt sfd ug{df /; cfpF5 .
t]h, Ifdf, w}o{ / ;f]r cyf{t\ aflx/ leqsf] z'l4 cyf{t\ s;}df klg zq' efj gx'g', cfkm"df
k"Hotfsf] cledfgsf] cefj x'g' oL ;a} b}jL ;Dkbf k|fKt ePsf k'?ifsf nIf0f x'g\ . oL ;a}
nIf0fx¿df uxg efj cxª\sf/z"Gotfsf] x'G5 . cfkm" k"Ho 5' / c¿n] cfkm"nfO{ k'h"g\ eGg] efj
;a}df x'G5 . of] :jfefljs xf] lsgeg] cxª\sf/ o;sf] ;xf/fdf lgld{t / ;'/lIft x'G5 t/ c¿nfO{
cfb/ ug{ / k'Hg eg] ufx|f] x'G5 . u'? x'g ;lhnf] 5 t/ lzio x'g ufx|f] 5 . ;a}n] dnfO{ k'h"g\ /
cfb/ u¿g\ eGg] efj g} cxª\sf/sf] nIf0f xf] . cxª\sf/ /x'Gh]n s;}n] k'Hb}g / cfb/ klg ub}{gg\ .
k"hf ;b}j lg/xª\sf/ efjsf] dfq x'G5 / h'g lbg cxª\sf/ lj;lh{t x'G5, ta ;f/f hut\n] p;nfO{
k'Hb5g\ . d l:yt /x"F c¿ ;f/f hut\ d]l6of];\ eGg] efj cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQmdf x'G5 eg] d
d]l6o"F / ;a} /x'g\ eGg] efj b}jL ;Dkbf ePsf] JolQmdf x'G5 .
bDef] bkf]{˜ledfgZr qmf]wM kf?iod]j r .
c1fg+ rflehft:o kfy{ ;Dkbdf;'/Ld\ ..$..
x] kfy{ Û bDe, 3d08 / cledfg tyf qmf]w, s7f]/tf / c1fg klg cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf nIf0f
x'g\ ..
b}jL ;Dklådf]Iffo lgaGwfof;'/L dtf .
df z'rM ;Dkb+ b}jLdlehftf]˜l; kf08j ..%..
b}jL ;Dkbf d'lQmsf nflu / cf;'/L ;Dkbf afFWgsf nflu dflgPsf 5g\ . To;}n] x] ch{'g Û
ltdL zf]s gu/ lsgeg] ltdL b}jL ;Dkbf lnP/ pTkGg ePsf 5f} ..
åf} e"t;uf}{ nf]s]˜l:dGb}j cf;'/ Pj r .
b}jf] lj:t/zM k|f]Qm cf;'/+ kfy{ d] >[0f' ..^..
x] ch{'g Û o; nf]sdf k|f0fLx¿ cyf{t\ dg'io ;d'bfo b'O{ k|sf/sf 5g\, Pp6f b}jL k|s[ltjfnf /
csf]{ cf;'/L k|s[ltjfnf . oLdWo] b}jL k|s[ltjfnfsf af/]df t lj:tf/k"j{s elgof], ca ltdL cf;'/L
k|s[ltjfnf dg'io ;d'bfoaf/] klg lj:tf/k"j{s ;'g ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] kfy{ Û kfv08, 3d08, cledfg, qmf]w / s7f]/ jf0fL Pjd\ c1fg oL ;a}
cf;'/L ;Dkbf k|fKt JolQmsf nIf0f x'g\ . b'O{ k|sf/sf ;DkbfdWo] b}jL ;Dkbf d'lQmsf nflu / cf;'/L
;Dkbf aGwgsf nflu xf] . o;sf/0f x] ch{'g Û ltdL zf]s gu/ lsgeg] ltdL b}jL ;DkbfnfO{ k|fKt
u/]sf 5f} . o; nf]sdf k|f0fLsf] :jefj b'O{ k|sf/sf agfOPsf 5g\≤ Pp6f b}j h:tf] / csf]{ c;'/
h:tf] . oLdWo] b}jL :jefjaf/] lj:tf/k"j{s elgof] / ca c;'/sf] :jefjaf/] klg lj:tf/k"j{s ;'g .
cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] Pp6f nIf0f kfv08 xf] . kfv08sf] cy{ cfkm" h] xf]Og Tof] b]vfpg] k|of; ug{' xf] .

nf]suLtf– 620
 cWofo–!^
cfˆgf] jf:tljs cg'xf/ / :jefj gePsf] s'/f k|s6 ug{ vf]Hg' kfv08 xf] . xfdL ;a};Fu agfj6L
cg'xf/ x'G5 h;sf] xfdL k|of]u ul//xG5f}“ . kfv08df rNbfrNb} xfdLn] cfkm"nfO{ klg lal;{;s]sf
5f}“ / cfkm" h] 5}gf+“,} Tof] k|blz{t ul//xG5f}“ . >Ls[i0fn] b}jL ;Dkbfsf nIf0fdf ;To / k|fdfl0fstf
JolQm h:tf] 5 p;sf] x'g] 9Ë l7s To:t} x'G5 eGg'ePsf] 5 . kl/0ffd h:tf];'s} eP klg p;sf]
k|fdfl0fstfdf kl/jt{g x'Fb}g . cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQm l7s ljk/Lt cg]s cg'xf/ ePsf] /fj0f h:tf]
x'G5 . /fj0f bzfgg xf] / p;sf bzj6f cg'xf/ 5g\ . /fj0fsf] c;nL cg'xf/ lrGg d'l:sn 5
lsgeg] p;sf w]/} cg'xf/ 5g\ / pm cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQm xf] . xfd|f] klg lrQsf] bzf ha;Dd
w]/} x'G5, ta;Dd xfdL klg cf;'/L eP/ bzfgg g} x'G5f}“ .
kfv08sf] cy{ c¿nfO{ / cGttM cfkm"nfO{ klg wf]sf lbg' xf] . em'6sf] Pp6f :jefj x'G5≤
Pp6f em'6 arfpg xhf/f}F em'6 af]Ng'kg]{ x'Fbf em'6sf] cgGt >[ª\vnf x'G5 . klxnf] af]n]sf] em'6sf]
;Demgf klg x'Fb}g . kfv08L JolQmsf s}og\ e'm6sf txx¿ x'G5g\ . k|To]s e'm6sf txnfO{ arfpg
gofF–gofF e'm6x¿ lgdf{0f ug{'kg]{ x'G5 / o;sf] ;Demgf /fVg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf nflu a8f] s'zntf /
7'nf] :d[lt rflxG5 . t/ ;To ;w“} ;To x'G5, jiff}{+kl5 ;f]Wbf klg o;sf] pQ/ ToxL x'G5, hf] jiff}{+
klxn] lyof] . JolQm hlt tfls{s / ul0ft1 x'G5 Tolt g} em'6 af]Ngdf s'zn x'G5 . t;y{ hut\df
hlt lzIff a9\5 Tolt g} em'6 klg a9\5 . xfd|f] lrQsf] o:tf] l:yltdf k/dfTdfsf] vf]hL c;Dej
x'G5 . ;fy} k/dfTdfnfO{ klg xfd|f] vf]hL ug{ sl7g x'G5 lsgeg] xfd|f w]/} kfv08L cg'xf/x¿ 5g\,
hxfF xfdL b]lvG5f+“,} ToxfF xfdL x'Fb}gf+}“ . kfv08sf sf/0fn] xfd|f] lrgf/L g} x/fO;s]sf] 5 . t;y{
kfv08 cf;'/L JolQmsf] Ps nIf0f xf] .
3d08 / cledfg cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf csf]{y/L nIf0f x'g\ . ;fdfGotM xfdL 3d08 /
cledfgsf] Pp6} cy{ 7fGb5f}+ / zAbsf]zdf klg Pp6} cy{ x'G5, t/ s[i0f b'O{sf] k|of]u ug{'x'G5 .
3d08 Tof] cledfg xf] hf] jf:tljs x'Fb}g / cledfg Tof] 3d08 xf] hf] jf:tljs x'G5 t/ oL b'j}
kfk x'g\ / oL b'j} cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf nIf0f x'g\ . s'¿k JolQm cfkm"nfO{ ;'Gb/ dfg]/ cxª\sf/ u5{ eg]
Tof] 3d08 xf] . ;'Gb/ JolQm cfˆgf] ;'Gb/tfsf] cxd\ u5{ eg] Tof] cledfg xf] . cf;'/L j[lQsf]
JolQmn] ;bf cfkm"nfO{ d s]xL x'F eGg] 7fGb5 . /fj0fsf] 3d08 3d08 geP/ cledfg xf] lsgeg]
pm h:tf] 1fgL kl08t vf]Hg sl7g x'G5 . /fj0fsf] cxd\ ;To xf] t/ Tof] cledfg olt b[9 5,
h;sf sf/0f k/dfTdf;Fu ldng x'g ;Sb}g . t;y{ /fj0fsf] ;ª\3if{ /fd;Fu eof] hf] Pp6f k|tLs
xf] lsgeg] hxfF cxd\ x'G5, ToxfF /fd¿kL k/dfTdf;Fu ;ª\3if{ cjZo x'G5 . cxd\ ;dfKt ePdf
ToxL cj:yfd} JolQmsf] k/dfTdf;Fu ldng x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– 3d08 / cledfg b'j} cf;'/L
;Dkbfsf nIf0f x'g\ . qmf]w / s7f]/ jf0fL oL b'j} ;+o'Qm 5g\ . s7f]/ jf0fL qmf]ws} ¿k xf] . qmf]wn] g}
jf0fLdf s7f]/tf pTkGg u5{ / o:tf] JolQmsf] Åbo kTy/sf] x'G5 . cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQm ;bf qm'4
x'G5 / qmf]w ug]{ axfgf vf]hL /xG5 . s'g} axfgf geP o:tf] JolQm cfk}mk|lt qmf]lwt x'G5 .
p;sf] jf0fLdf Hjfnf alu/xG5 / c¿nfO{ af0f xfg]h:tf] p;sf] jf0fL x'G5 .
qmf]w, s7f]/jf0fL Pjd\ c1fg oL ;a} cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf JolQmsf nIf0f x'g\ . sd lzIff /
hfgsf/L gx'g' c1fg xf]Og . cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQmdf hfgsf/L w]/} x'G5 t/ Tof] 1fg x'Fb}g . c¿n]
hfg]sf s'/f ;ª\u|x ug{' hfgsf/L xf] eg] :jod\sf] cg'ej dfq 1fg xf] . 1fg pwf/f] ePdf JolQm
tyfslyt kl08t aG5 / 1fg lghL ePdf p;df k|1f kmlnt x'G5 . ;f/f hut\sf] zf:qsf] hfgsf/
eP klg cfTd1fg gx'g' c1fg xf] . cf;'/L ;Dkbfn] JolQmnfO{ afFW5≤ To;}n] b}jL ;Dkbf d'lQmsf
nflu / cf;'/L ;Dkbf aGwgsf nflu dflgPsf] 5 . xfdL;Fu ePsf] KjfFv v:g] 8/n] aGwgsf]
lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . rLn kIfLn] c08f kf/L rNnf sf8\5 / cGtdf ha rNnf ?vsf] prfOaf6

nf]suLtf– 621
cWofo–!^
8/fpF5, ta p;n] cfˆgf] u'F8 eTsfP/ rNnfnfO{ wSsf lbG5 . n8\g] jf v:g] 8/n] p;sf] afFlwPsf]
KjfFv v'n]/ km}lnG5 / v'Nnf cfsfzdf p8\g l;S5 . kIfL h:t} xfdLnfO{ klg s;}sf] d2t rflxG5
h;n] wSsf lbP/ xfdLnfO{ klg v'nf cfsfzdf ljr/0f ug{ l;sfcf];\ . u'?sf] oxL cy{ xf] /
>Ls[i0f ToxL k|of; ch{'gsf lglDt ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . ;f/f uLtf ch{'gsf] u'F8 eTsfpg] / pgL;Fu ePsf]
KjfFvsf] :d/0f u/fP/ v'nf cfsfzdf KjfFv km}nfP/ p8\g l;sfpgsf lglDt ul/Psf] k|of; xf] .
>Ls[i0f ch{g'nfO{ e/f];f lbFb} eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL zf]s gu/ lsgeg] ltdLnfO{ b}jL
;Dkbf k|fKt ePsf] 5 . ltdL ljrlnt geP/ cfˆgf] :jefjnfO{ hfg . ltdL b}jL ;Dkbf pknAw
ePsf JolQm xf} . To;}n] ltdL cfˆgf KjfFv vf]n / ltdLn] KjfFv vf]Ng]lalQs} ;f/f cfsfz ltd|f] x'g]
5 . s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ b}jL ;Dkbfdf pknAw 5f} eGg'sf] sf/0f ch{'gsf] lh1f;f b}jL eP/ xf] . d
lsg lx+;f u¿F, lx+;fkZrft\ k|fKt wg–;Dkbf / /fHosf] s] ;f/ eGg] efj p7\g' pgsf] nf]ek|ltsf]
ljt[i0ff, ;fd|fHok|ltsf] pk]Iff, xTof–lx+;fk|lt Unflg / h+un uP/ ;GGof/L x'G5' eGg] efj p7\g' b}jL
;Dkbfsf u'0fsf] sf/0fn] xf] .
ch{'gsf] efj b}jL 5 t/ sf/0fx¿ c1fgtfn] el/k"0f{ 5g\ . >Ls[i0f oxL c1fg x6fP/
1fgsf] k|fb'ef{j u/fpg rfxg'x'G5 . ch{'gsf] lx+;f gug]{ efj b}jL 5 t/ cfkmGtsf] lx+;f gug]{ efj
eg] cf;'/L 5 lsgeg] cfkmGt gePsf] eP pgnfO{ lx+;f ug{ cfklQ x'g] lyPg . ch{'gn] w]/} o'4
nl8;s]sf] x'gfn] pgsf nflu o'4 / xTof ;fdfGo s'/f xf] . Tolta]nf pgsf dgdf o:tf] k|Zg
slxNo} klg p7]g t/ clxn] cfkmGtnfO{ b]v]/ pgdf ddTj efj hfu[t ePsf] 5, h'g c1fg xf] .
ddTjsf] efj kfk xf] eg] d]/f] eGg] efj a]l7s cxª\sf/ xf] . o; hut\df sf]xL cfˆgf] / k/fof
x'Fb}g . s;}nfO{ gdfg]{ efj /fd|f] xf] t/ d s;/L dfg{ ;S5' eGg' c1fgtf xf] . z/L/ gZj/ 5,
o;nfO{ gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg klg ;lsGg lsgeg] of] d[t / df6f] g} xf] . t;y{ To;nfO{ sf6\g' jf
gsf6\g'sf] s'g} k|of]hg x'Fb}g . z/L/leqsf] lrGdo Hof]ltnfO{ gfz ug{ ;lsFb}g lsgeg] Tof] cd[t
xf] . >Ls[i0f ch{'gsf] cz'e efj x6fP/ lbJotflt/ a9fpg] r]i6f ub}{ x'g'x'G5 .
lx+;f x'g} ;Sb}g, lx+;fsf] efj dfq x'g ;S5 hf] kfkk"0f{ x'G5 . ch{'gdf lbJotfsf] efj
ljBdfg 5 t/ pgL cf;'/L u'0fn] 3]l/Psf] x'gfn] >Ls[i0f ch{'gsf] cf;'/L u'0fsf] j[lQ ;dfKt kf/]/
lbJotfsf] lbzfdf nufpg] k|of; ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . ltdL zf]s gu/ lsgeg] ltdLn] b}jL ;DkbfnfO{ k|fKt
u/]sf 5f} eGb} >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û o; ;+;f/df k|f0fLsf] :jefj b'O{ k|sf/sf]
dflgPsf] 5, Pp6f b}j h:tf] / csf]{ c;'/ h:tf] . Pp6} r]tgfsf b'O{ :jefj x'G5g\ / :jefjsf b'O{
l:ylt x'G5g\ . oL b'j} r]tgfsf cj:yf x'g\ t/ s'g cj:yfdf /xg] eGg] s'/f xfdLdf lge{/ u5{ .
xfdL sf]xL klg aGwgdf /xg rfxb}gfF} t/ aGwg xfdL :jod\n] lgld{t u/]sf 5f}“ . :jtGqtfsf]
rfxgf eP klg o;sf] cy{ xfdLn] vf]h]sf 5}gf+}“ . Psflt/ :jtGq x'g rfxG5f}+“ / csf{lt/ k/tGqsf]
cfsif{0f klg 5f]8\g ;Sb}gf}+“ . To;}n] xfdL cfkm}“ sf/fuf/ ;[hgf u5f}{+ . :jtGqtf o; hut\df
;a}eGbf 7'nf] vt/f xf] . t;y{ :jtGq x'gsf nflu ;fx;sf] cfjZostf x'G5 . cfkm"nfO{ hlt wg,
kb, k|lti7f cflb;Fu afFWof] plt JolQm aGwgdf x'G5 . hlt logLx¿af6 6fl9G5 Tolt g} JolQm d'Qm
x'G5 . h'g lbg d s;};Fu afFlwPsf] 5}g / d]/f] s]xL xf]Og“, d cfˆgf] :jefj dfq x'F eGg] cg'ej
x'G5, To;} lbg p;sf] d'lQm x'G5 . t;y{ b}jL ;Dkbfn] d'lQmdf n}hfG5, hxfF xfdL PSn} aR5f}F .
cf;'/L ;Dkbfn] ToxfF n}hfG5, hxfF :jod\nfO{ 5f]8]/ ;a} aR5 .

nf]suLtf– 622
 cWofo–!^
k|j[lQ+ r lgj[lQ+ r hgf g ljb'/f;'/fM .
g zf}r+ gflk rfrf/f] g ;To+ t]if' ljBt] ..&..
c;'/ :jefjjfnf dg'io k|j[lQ / lgj[lQ oL b'j}nfO{ hfGb}g . To;}n] p;df g aflx/ leqsf]
z'l4 5, g >]i7 cfr/0f 5 / g ;To efif0f g} 5 ..
c;Todk|lti7+ t] hubfx'/gLZj/d\ .
ck/:k/;De"t+ lsdGoTsfdx}t'sd\ ..*..
Tof] cf;'/L k|s[lt ePsf] dg'io hut\ cf>o/lxt, ;j{yf c;To / ljgf O{Zj/ cfkm}“ :qL–
k'?ifsf] ;+of]un] pTkGg ePsf] xf]≤ To;}n] sfd g} o;sf] sf/0f xf] eGg] dfGb5 ..
Ptf+ b[li6dji6Eo gi6fTdfgf]˜Nka'4oM .
k|ejGTo'u|sdf{0fM Ifofo hutf]˜lxtfM ..(..
o:tf] ldYof 1fgnfO{ cjnDag u/]/ h;sf] :jefj gi6 ePsf] 5 / h;sf] a'l4 dGb 5, Tof]
;a} cksf/ ug]{jfnf qm"/sdL{ dg'io s]jn hut\sf] gfzsf nflu g} ;dy{ x'G5 ..
x] ch{'g Û cf;'/L :jefjjfnf dg'io st{Jo sd{df k|j[Q x'g / cst{Jo sd{af6 lgj[Q x'g
klg hfGb}g . To;}n] p;df g t leq aflx/sf] z'l4 x'G5 g >]i7 cfr/0f x'G5 / g ;To efif0f g}
x'G5 . cf;'/L k|j[lQsf] dg'io hut\nfO{ g} cfZro{/lxt / ;j{yf em'6f] 7fGb5 Pjd\ O{Zj/ljgf cfkm“}
:qL–k'?ifsf] ;+of]un] hut pTkGg ePsf] dfGb5 . To;}n] hut\ s]jn ef]Ugsf nflu dfq xf] / o;
l;jfo c¿ s]xL xf]Og eGb5 . o:tf] ldYof1fgnfO{ cjnDag u/]/ h;sf] :jefj / a'l4 dGb ePsf]
5 To:tf ;a}sf] clxt ug]{jfnf qm"/sdL{ dg'io s]jn hut\nfO{ gfz ug{ dfq pTkGg ePsf x'G5g\
eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 .
cf;'/L k|j[lQ ePsf JolQmnfO{ s] ug{ of]Uo / s] ug{ of]Uo 5}g eGg] s'g} 1fg x'Fb}g . cfgGb
a9\g] st{Jo g} st{Jo sd{ xf] . h;n] cfgGb a9\5, To;n] xfd|f jl/kl/ ;a} s'/fdf / :jod\df klg
cfgGb a9\5 . cfgGb Pp6f ;+o'Qm 36gf xf] . To;}n] b'v klg ;+o'Qm 36gf xf] lsgeg] h;af6
xfd|f] b'v a9\5 To;n] xfd|f] 5]p5fp klg b'v a9\5 / To;}af6 xfd|f] klg b'v a9\5 . xfdL c¿
JolQmnfO{ b'vL agfP/ ;'vL x'g ;Sb}gf“+}, If0fe/nfO{ ;'vL 5' eg]/ cfkm"nfO{ wf]sf lbP klg xfdL
;'vL x'g ;Sb}gf+}“ . c¿nfO{ b'vL agfP/ xfdL b'vL dfq x'g ;S5f}“ lsgeg] hut\ Ps k|ltWjlg xf] .
l9nf] jf rfF8f]sf] s'/f dfq xf] t/ xfdL h] u5f}{+ ToxL xfdLdfly al;{G5 . b'v cfOkbf{ of] xfdLn]
lbPsf] b'vs} kl/0ffd xf] eGg] hfGg'k5{ . To:t} cfgGbsf] cg'ej x'Fbf klg Tof] hfg–cGhfgdf cfkm“}+n]
afF8]sf] cfgGbsf] kmn k|fKt ePsf] xf] eGg] hfGg'k5{ . xfdLn] h] afF8\of}+“ ToxL k|fKt x'G5 .
st{Jo nIodf lge{/ x'G5 / ;a}sf] nIo cfgGb k|fKt ug]{ g} x'G5 . To;}n] h;af6 cfgGb
a9\5, ToxL st{Jo xf] / h;af6 cfgGb 36\5 Tof] cst{Jo xf] . cfgGbnfO{ s;f}6L agfP/ o;sf]
a9\g] / 36\g] cfwf/df st{Jo / cst{Jo sd{nfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 . b'v k|fKt x'g] sd{nfO{ 5f]8]/
To;tkm{ hLjgsf] pmhf{ aUg glbg' a'l4dfgL xf] . cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQmdf g t st{Jodf k|j[lQ
x'G5 g t cst{Jodf lgj[lQ g} x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm cGwf] h:tf] x'G5 . blIf0f ef/tdf Ps hgf d"9
k|s[ltsf slj t]gfnL/fd lyP . pgL wfld{s elQmefj ePsf sflnsf ;fws lyP . jiff}{+sf]
;fwgfkZrft\ cgGt xft / d'v ePsL sfnL k|s6 eP/ bz{g lbg'eof] . ?3f nfUbf Pp6f gfs
ePsf]nfO{ t ufx|f] x'G5 eg] xh'/nfO{ slt ufx|f] x'G5 xf]nf eGg] d"v{ k|Zg sfnL;dIf t]gfnL/fdn]
/fv] / jiff}{+sf] ;fwgkZrft\ kfPsf] bz{g pgn] Joy{df u'dfP .

nf]suLtf– 623
cWofo–!^
dg l:y/ gePsf] a]nf k/dfTdf g} xfd|f] ;fd' pkl:yt eP klg Tof] Joy{ x'G5 . xfdL ljgf
cy{sf] bf}8df bf}l8/xG5f}“ / cGtdf TolQs} lgikmn d[To'df k|fKt x'G5f}“ . cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf JolQm b}jL
;Dkbfsf JolQmeGbf w]/} >d u5{g\ . a'4sf] >d t}d'/ b n+u, dfcf]T;] t'ª\u, r+u]h vfgsf] >dsf
cufl8 s]xL xf]Og t/ pgLx¿n] cflv/df s'g} kmn k|fKt ug{ ;s]gg\ . st{Jo l7s / ;kmf geP
o;sf] kl/0ffd ljk/Lt dfq x'G5 . ¿k/]vf ;kmf gePdf JolQmn] sd{ w]/} u5{ t/ s]xL kmn
kfpFb}g . cf;'/L j[lQsf JolQmx¿n] 7'nf] >d u5{g\ t/ ;a} ;fwg lgikmn x'G5 . t;y{ o:tf] j[lQsf]
JolQmdf g aflx/ g t leqsf] g} z'l4, g t >]i7 cfr/0f g t ;To efif0f g} x'G5 . z'l4sf] klg
s'g} ;'v x'G5 eGg] s'/f cf;'/L j[lQsf] JolQmn] slxNo} hfGb}g / z'l4sf] ljrf/ / lrGtg klg ub}{g .
o:tf] JolQm dlGb/df k|fy{gf ubf{ klg cfˆg} Jofkf/ / Joj;fosf af/]df plNem/x]sf] x'G5 . hLjgdf
z'l4 gx'gfn] p;sf] hLjg lji6fsf] y'k|f] h:tf] / ljk/Lt :j/x¿n] el/Psf] x'G5 .
hLjgsf] wf/f Ps :j/n] el/g' / lgi7fk"0f{ s[To x'g' g} z'l4 xf] . olb JolQmsf] hLjg o;/L
z'4 x'g nfUof] eg] k/dfTdfsf] dlGb/ p;sf nflu k/ x'Fb}g . xfdLdf xhf/f}“ ljrf/x¿ ljlIfKt
¿kdf leq bf}l8/x]sf x'G5g\ . t;y{ xhf/f}+ sfd xfdL Ps;fy u5f}{+ / xfdL Pp6f le8n] el/Psf
ahf/ xf}“ . oxL l:ylt g} cz'l4sf] l:ylt xf] . cf;'/L j[lQsf] JolQmdf g aflx/sf] z'l4 x'G5, g
leqsf] g} z'l4 x'G5 . o:tf] JolQmdf g >]i7 cfr/0f x'G5 g ;To efif0f x'G5 tyf oL cf;'/L
k|j[lQsf JolQm hut\ cfZro{/lxt 5 eGb5g\ . pm s]jn hut\ Pp6f tYo xf] h;df s'g} cfZro{ /
/x:o 5}g eGg] dfGb5 . wfld{s / cwfld{s JolQmdf oxL km/s x'G5– wfld{s JolQmn] hLjgnfO{
Pp6f /x:o dfG5 .
/x:osf] cy{ h;nfO{ xfdL k"0f{ slxNo} hfGg ;Sb}gf+}“ / h;sf] cGt:tn ;bf hfGg g;lsg]
g} /xG5 eGg] xf] . /x:o ToxL xf] h'g xfdLn] hlt hfg] klg xfd|f] hfgsf/L s]jn aflx/ dfq x'G5 /
leqsf] cGt/–cfTdf ;bf ghflgg] g} /xG5 . lj1fgn] hut\df ;a} s'/f hfGg ;lsG5 eGg] ;f]Rb5
h'g ;Dej g} 5}g . hut\nfO{ k"/f hfGg ;Sg] eP k/dfTdfsf nflu s'g} :yfg g} aRg] 5}g . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQmn] hut\df s'g} /x:o dfGb}g t/ b}jL ;Dkbfsf] JolQmn] hut\
Pp6f cgGt /x:o xf] eGg] dfGb5 . hut\ Ps o:tf] /x:o xf] hf] hlt;'s} ;dfwfg u/] klg ;bf
;dfwfgeGbf aflx/ x'G5 . xfd|f] cys k|of;kl5 klg Tof] /x:o c1]o g} /xG5 / ToxL c1]o tŒj g}
k/dfTdf xf] .
hut\ tYox¿sf] Ps hf]8 xf] / oxfF ;a} hfGg ;lsG5 eGg] cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQmnfO{
hLjgdf s'g} sfJo, ;f}Gbo{ / k|]d b]lvFb}g lsgeg] oL ;a} tŒjx¿ /x:odo x'G5g\ . cf;'/L
;Dkbfsf] JolQmn] hLjgnfO{ ul0ftn] gfKg vf]H5 / ;a} s'/fnfO{ kbfy{t'No Jojxf/ u5{ . To:t}
hut\df p;n] s'g} JolQmTj b]Vb}g / p;sf nflu of] ;a} df6fsf] hf]8 x'G5 . oxfF 36\g] ;a} 36gf
p;sf nflu ;f+of]lus dfq x'G5g\ . klZrdsf] Pp6f a8f] gfl:ts JolQm lb›f] (Denis Diderot) sf
cg';f/ hut\ agfpg]jfnf sf]xL 5}g / hut\ s]jn Pp6f ;+of]u dfq xf] . cgGt 36gfx¿ 36\b} of]
hut\ ag]sf] xf] / o;sf k5fl8 s'g} /x:o 5}g eGg] pgsf] ts{ 5 . lb›f]sf] egfO t OF§fnfO{ Ps
7fpFdf ˆofFSb} hfFbf b'3{6gfn] 3/ lgld{t x'G5 To:t} 5fkfvfgfnfO{ rnfP/ 5f]8\of] eg] ;+of]un] uLtf
h:tf] k':ts 5flkg ;S5 eg];/x xf] .
b}jL ;Dkbfsf] JolQmn] hut\df Pp6f /rgf k|lqmof / o;sf k5fl8 r]tgf l:yt ePsf] /
hut\sf] x/]s s[Todf /x:o n's]sf] b]Vb5 . xfdL klg ToxL /x:osf] Ps kfq xf}“ t/ xfdL slxNo}
Tof] ;|f]t;Dd k'Ug g;s]sfn] To;nfO{ hfGg ;Sb}gf+}“ . dg'io of] /x:oeGbf k[ys\ 5}g / pm of] lj/f6\
r]tgfsf] Ps lx:;f xf] . b}jL ;Dkbfsf] JolQmsf nflu ;f/f hut\ k/dfTdfsf] g[To xf] . k/dfTdfsf]

nf]suLtf– 624
 cWofo–!^
cy{ /x:o x'gfn] ha xfdLnfO{ hut\ /x:ok"0f{ nfU5, ta xfd|f] Åbosf] :kGbg ;'? x'G5 . hLjgdf
/x:o gePkl5 /; klg x'Fb}g . t;y{ cfh hut\df ePsf] lg/fzf / lbSbf/Lsf] cj:yf cf;'/L
;Dkbfsf] k|efjsf sf/0fn] ubf{ xf] . lj1fg t k|]dnfO{ klg xfdf]{gsf] kl/jt{gsf] kl/0ffd dfq xf]
eGb5≤ To;}n] ;gftgLx¿ lj1fgnfO{ klxn] cljBf g} eGy] . klxn]sf Clifx¿n] 1fgnfO{ ljBf /
cljBf b'O{ lx:;fdf afF8]sf lyP . b}jL ;Dkbflt/ n}hfg] 1fgnfO{ ljBf / cf;'/L ;Dkbflt/ n}hfg]
1fgnfO{ cljBf elgGYof] . lj1fgdf hfGg] s'/f w]/} x'G5g\ t/ d"n hfGg'kg]{ s'/fdf pgLx¿
r'Sb5g\ . z/L/nfO{ sf6]/ cfTdfsf] vf]h ug{ j}1flgsx¿ rfxG5g\ t/ of] c;Dej k|of; dfq
x'G5 .
of] hut\ cv08tf xf] / of] cv08tfdf n's]sf] /x:osf] gfd k/dfTdf xf] . cf;'/L ;Dkbf
ePsf] dg'ion] of] hut\ cfZro{/lxt, ;j{yf em'6f] / ljgf O{Zj/ :qL k'?ifsf] ;+of]uaf6 cfkm}“ pTkGg
ePsf] xf]≤ t;y{ hut\ s]jn ef]Ugsf nflu dfq xf] / o;sf] l;jfo c¿ s'g} /x:o 5}g eGg]
dfGb5 . oxfF s'g} uGtJo / lgolt klg 5}g / s]xL ug]{ k|of]hg g} 5}g eGb5 . rfjf{s\n] l3p vfg
pwf/f] lng' k/] klg lng" lsgeg] ef]ln lng] lbg] b'j} JolQm sf]xL afFRb}g eGb5g\ . ;'v k|fKt x'G5
eg] rf]/L / s;};Fu vf];]/ s'g} s'/f ef]Ug' klg g/fd|f] xf]Og lsgeg] hLjgsf] s'g} lgoGq0f / cy{
5}g, To;}n] of] If0f h] pknAw 5 To;nfO{ ljlIfKttfsf ;fy ef]Ug' cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf JolQmsf]
hLjgsf] 9Ë / z}nL x'G5 .
b}jL ;Dkbfsf] JolQmsf k|To]s s[To wfufdf afFlwPsf df]tL x'g\ / k|To]s df]tLnfO{ leqsf]
k|of]hgaf6 k/dfTdfn] afFw]sf] x'G5 . ToxfF Pp6f nIo, hLjgsf] lbzf, hLjgk|lt s[t1tfsf] efj /
hLjgn] s]xL lgoltcg';f/ n}hfFb} 5 eGg] b[li6 x'G5 . s[To df]tL h:tf] k[ys\ 5 / hLjgn] ;f/f
df]tLnfO{ wfuf] h:t} u/]/ afFw]sf] x'G5 . cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQmsf] hLjgdf s'g} wfuf] gx'Fbf x/]s
s[To rF'l8Psf] df]tLt'No x'G5 . b'O{ df]tL ghf]l8P h:t} cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQm lbzf / uGtJoljxLg
g} x'G5 . htf nf]en] cfslif{t u5{, pt} bf}l8G5 . b}jL ;Dkbfsf] JolQmsf] hLjgdf k|To]s s[To
Pp6f clek|fo, k|of]hg / lgoltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] x'G5 . cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQm qm"/ sdL{ / hut\sf]
gfz ug{ pTkGg x'G5 . pm ef]u g} ;a} s'/f xf] / of]u h:tf] s'g} s'/f g} 5}g eGg] ldYof 1fgnfO{
cjnDag u/]/ cfˆgf] :jefj klg gi6 ub{5 . b}jL ;Dkbfn] o'Qm JolQm df}g, z"Go / zfGt eO{
cfˆgf] :jefjnfO{ lrg]/ o; hut\sf] /x:o;Fu PsfTds x'g vf]H5 .
:jefj cfWofTd cyf{t\ k/dfTdf x'g ;Sg] dfu{ xf] t/ :jefj ldYof wf/0ffdf gi6 x'g
;S5 . o:tf] ldYof wf/0ffn] k|efljt x'g] a'l4 dGb a'l4 xf] . ts{ a'l4 xf]Og, a'l4sf] cy{ hLjgnfO{
jf/kf/ b]Vg' xf] t/ cf;'/L k|j[lQsf JolQm tfls{s dfq x'G5g\ . clxn]sf] a'l4 tfls{s Joj:yf dfq
xf] . ;To, ;f}Gbo{ / k/dfTdfnfO{ s;}n] klg l;4 ug{ ;Sb}g / o;nfO{ l;4 ug{ vf]Hg] JolQm
a'l4dfg\ geO{ tfls{s x'G5 . >Ls[i0f k/d;TonfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug]{ / r]tgfnfO{ dfu{ agfpg] JolQm
a'l4dfg\ xf] eGg'x'G5 . h;sf] a'l4 gi6 ePsf] 5 / hf] ldYof a'l4sf] x'G5 >Ls[i0f p;nfO{ cf;'/L
;Dkbfsf] JolQm eGg'x'G5 . cf;'/L ;Dkbf eg]sf] tnlt/ aUg' ePsfn] To;df s'g} r9fp gx'Fbf >d
ug{'kb}{g t/ >d ug{'k/] klg b}jL ;Dkbflt/ kfOnf a9fpg'k5{ lsgeg] o;sf] clGtd kmn eg]sf]
df]Ifk|flKt xf] .
sfddfl>To b'ik"/+ bDedfgdbflGjtfM .
df]xfb\u[xLTjf;b\u|fxfGk|jt{Gt]˜z'lrj|tfM ..!)..
Tof] bDe, dfg / dbn] o'Qm dg'io s'g} k|sf/n] klg k"0f{ gx'g]jfnf sfdgfx¿sf] cf>o lnP/,
c1fgtfk"j{s ldYof l;4fGt u|x0f u/L e|i6 cfr/0f wf/0f u/]/ ;+;f/df rxf5{ ..

nf]suLtf– 625
cWofo–!^
lrGtfdkl/d]of+ r k|nofGtfd'kfl>tfM .
sfdf]kef]uk/df Ptfjlblt lglZrtfM ..!!..
Tof] d[To'ko{Gt /xg]jfnf, c;ª\Vo lrGtfx¿sf] cf>o lng]jfnf, ljifoef]u ef]Ug tTk/ x'g]jfnf
/ olt g} ;'v 5 eg]/ dfGg]jfnf x'G5g\ ..
cfzfkfzzt}a{4fM sfdqmf]wk/fo0ffM .
O{xGt] sfdef]ufy{dGofo]gfy{;~rofg\ ..!@..
cfzfsf] ;os8f}“ kmfF;Ldf afFlwPsf] dg'io sfd–qmf]wk/fo0f eP/ ljifoef]usf nflu
cGofok"j{s wgflb kbfy{ ;ª\u|x ug]{ r]i6f ub{5 ..
>Ls[i0f cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf JolQmsf c¿ nIf0f klg atfpg'x'G5 . pgLx¿ bDe, dfg / dbaf6
o'Qm x'G5g\ . o:tf] JolQm c¿nfO{ a]l7s / cfkm"dfq l7s ePsf] ;f]Rb5 . pgLx¿sf] ljjfb ;Tosf
nflu xf]Og cfkm" l7s ePsf] k|dfl0ft ug{ / cxª\sf/sf] k'li6sf nflu x'G5 . b}jL ;Dkbfsf] JolQm
s;}nfO{ a]l7s eGg'cl3 cfˆgf] cfTdlg/LIf0f u/L xd];f l;Sg tof/ x'G5 . l;Sgsf nflu em'Sg] /
cfkm" a]l7s / c1fgL ePsf] :jLsf/ ug]{ Ifdtf x'g'k5{ . o:tf] JolQmsf nflu k"/f hut\ g} u'?
x'G5 . cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf JolQmdf of] ;a} dfGg] k|j[lQ g} x'Fb}g lsgeg] cfkm"nfO{ l;4 ug{sf nflu pm
n8\g / le8\g ;b}j tof/ x'G5 . o:tf] ts{ u/]/ cfk"mnfO{ ;xL l;4 ug{ vf]Hg] JolQm slxn] klg
ablnFb}g .
;To vf]Hg] JolQm l;Sg / uNtL :jLsf/]/ ;'wf/ ug{ xd];f tTk/ x'Fbf pm cxª\sf/z"Go
x'G5 . b}jL ;Dkbfsf] JolQmdf l;Sbf l;Sb} p;;Fu ;fu/ h:tf] 1fg x'G5 t/ cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf]
JolQmsf] l;Sg] rfxgf gx'gfn] pm c1fgL g} x'G5 . s'g} k|sf/n] klg k"0f{ x'g g;Sg] sfdgfx¿sf]
cf>o lnP/ hLjgsf] ultnfO{ jf;gflt/ dfq 8f]¥ofpg] cf;'/L JolQmsf] nIf0f x'G5 . jf;gf,
sfdgf / OR5fx¿nfO{ slxNo} k"/f ug{ ;lsGg / bafpg klg ;lsGg . t;y{ oL b'j} dfu{ 5f8]/
s]jn ;fIfL eP/ x]g{' g} b}jL ;Dkbfsf JolQmsf] nIf0f xf] . jf;gf k"/f ug]{ / jf;gf;Fu n8\g] oL
b'j} cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf JolQm x'g\ . b}jL ;Dkbfsf] JolQm g jf;gf;Fu n8\5 g jf;gfsf] dfu g} k"/f
u5{, pm ;fIfL dfq x'G5 . hlt ulx/f] ;fIfLefj lgld{t x'G5 plt g} jf;gf hn]/ gi6 x'G5 .
xfdLx¿ ;a} k|foM cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf JolQmh:t} 8fdf8f]n eP/ hLjg gi6 u5f}{+ . dg'iosf] hLjg
ef]utkm{ / bdgtkm{ afFl8Psf] x'G5 . xfdL log} b'O{sf lardf 8fdf8f]n eO/xG5f}F, To;}n] xfd|f] lrQ
v08 v08df afFl8P/ ax'lrQjfg\ x'G5 . ;fIfLefjdf ePsf] JolQmn] ef]u / Tofu b'j} gu/L jf;gf
dfly b[li6 /fVb5 . To;}n] ef]uL / TofuL b'j} aGwgd} x'G5g\ s]jn ;fIfL dfq d'Qm x'G5 . t;y{
cf;'/L ;Dkbfn] afFW5 eg] b}jL ;Dkbfn] d'Qm u5{ .
cf;'/L ;Dkbf ePsf] JolQmn] slxNo} k"/f gx'g] sfdgfnfO{ cf>o u/]/ hLjgofkg u5{,
To;}n] ;bf b'vL x'G5 . o:tf] JolQmsf] jf;gf slxNo} klg k"0f{ gx'g] x'Fbf pm ;b}j ct[Kt g} x'G5 /
Joy{sf] bf}8n] hLjg gi6 u5{ . o:tf] JolQm hxfF k'u] klg p;sf] sfdgf slxNo} ;lsFb}g . o:tf]
JolQm df]xn] ldYof l;4fGt u|x0f u/]/ e|i6 cfr/0faf6 o'Qm eP/ ;+;f/df rNb5 . pgLx¿
d/0fko{Gt /xg] cgGt lrGtfnfO{ cf>o u/]/ ljifoef]unfO{ ef]Ub5g\ / olt dfq cfgGb ePsf]
dfGb5g\ . of] jf;gf¿kL bf}8df kfOg] ;fgf]ltgf] ;'vsf] emnsnfO{ cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQm oxL g}
cfgGb xf] eGg] ;f]Rb5 . olt nfdf] hLjg JotLt ubf{ klg jf:tljs ;'v xfdLnfO{ slxNo} k|fKt
ePsf] 5}g / lg/fzf dfq xft nfu]sf] 5 . slxn]sfxLF ldn]sf] ;'vsf] emnsnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ cf;'/L
;Dkbfsf] JolQmn] hLjgofkg ub{5 . b}jL ;Dkbfsf JolQmx¿ o:tf] s'/fdf t[Kt x'Fb}gg\ . jf;gfdf
e'm6f] ;'vsf] cfef; x'g] hfg]/ pgLx¿ lgjf{;gfsf] ofqfdf cl3 a9\5g\ . ;+;f/af6 kfPsf]

nf]suLtf– 626
 cWofo–!^
c;Gt'li6sf] cfwf/n] g} k/dfTdfsf] vf]h x'g ;S5 . cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQm Ifl0fs ;'vdf ;Gt'i6
x'G5g\ t/ b}jL ;Dkbfsf JolQmx¿ ;+;f/k|lt c;Gt'i6 x'g] x'gfn] pgLx¿ k/dfTdfsf] vf]hdf
lgl:sg ;dy{ x'G5g\ .
o;}n] cfzf¿k ;os8f}“ kmfF;Lx¿df afFlwPsf] / sfd–qmf]waf6 k/fo0f ePsf o:tf JolQmx¿
ljifoef]usf] k"lt{sf nflu cGofok"j{s wgflbx¿ / w]/} kbfy{x¿ ;ª\u|x ug]{ r]i6f u5{g\ . o;
hut\df ls r]tgfsf] vf]h ls t kbfy{sf] vf]h x'g ;S5 . r]tgfsf] vf]haf6 klG5g] JolQmsf] pmhf{
wg, kb, ;fd|fHo ;ª\u|x ug{df ;+nUg x'G5 / of] cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQmsf] nIf0f xf] . o:tf]
JolQmn] Gofo–cGofosf] ljrf/ ub}{g lsgeg] kbfy{ s;}sf] klg x'Fb}g, h:tf] cfh Pp6fsf] hUuf
hldg ef]ln csf{sf] x'g ;S5 . kl/u|x zf]if0fs} dfWodaf6 dfq ;Dej x'g ;S5 h'g ljgf lx+;f
;Dej x'Fb}g . bfg, bof / s?0ff geP dfq kbfy{ ;ª\u|x ug{ ;lsG5 . r]tgfsf] vf]h ;'? ePkl5
dfq aflx/L vf]h aGb x'G5 . leqsf] ;Dkbf kfPkl5 wg, kb / k|lti7f aRrfx¿sf] v]n h:tf] x'G5 .
kbfy{sf] vf]haf6 b[li6 x6fP/ k/dfTdfsf] vf]hdf b[li6 x'g' g} b}jL ;Dkbfsf JolQmsf] nIf0f xf] .
kbfy{k|lt s'g} cf;lQm geP dfq k/dfTdfsf] vf]h x'g ;S5 .
lh;; eGg'x'G5– hf] :jod\nfO{ arfpg rfxG5, p;n] ;a} u'dfpg tof/ x'g'k5{ / h;n]
;a} arfpg rfxG5, p;n] :jod\nfO{ u'dfpg tof/ x'g'k5{ . hut\df cfkm"nfO{ a]r]/ dfq kbfy{
hDdf x'g ;S5 h'g bl/›tf / bLgtf xf] . t/ ;a} ;dfKt u/]/ klg cfTdf arfpg ;lsof] eg]
leqsf] ;d|f6\sf] klxnf] k6s cg'ej x'g] 5 . PG8«y' sf]g]{hLn] cfˆgf] cfTdsyfdf n]v]sf 5g\– clxn]
klg d]/f] dfu Pjd\ cfsfª\Iff afFsL g} 5 / dnfO{ s]xL k|fKt xf];\ eGg] rfxgf 5 . pgL Ps ;o
ca{ 8n/ 5f]8]/ hfg rfxGy] t/ bz ca{ 8n/ dfq 5f]8]/ labf eP . To;}n] pgsf] b[li6df pgL
levf/L eP/ g} labf eP . hlt wg;ª\u|x u/] klg cfTdf vf]Hg ;lsPg eg] levdËfkgsf] cg'ej
g} x'g] 5 .
ObdB dof nAwldd+ k|fK:o] dgf]/yd\ .
Obd:tLbdlk d] eljiolt k'gw{gd\ ..!#..
cf;'/L ;Dkbf ePsf JolQmx¿ s] ;f]Rb5g\ eg] d}n] cfh of] k|fKt u/F] / ca of] dgf]/y k"/f
ug]{ 5' . d;Fu olt wg 5 / eljiodf cem} a9L cfh{g ug{] 5'' ..
c;f} dof xtM zq'x{lgio] rfk/fglk .
O{Zj/f]˜xdx+ ef]uL l;4f]˜x+ anjfG;'vL ..!$..
Tof] zq' daf6 dfl/of] / c¿ zq'nfO{ klg d dfg]{ 5'' . d O{Zj/ x',F P]Zjo{ ef]Ug]jfnf x'F . d
;a} l;l4x¿n] o'Qm 5' / anjfg\ tyf ;'vL 5' ..
cf9Øf]˜lehgjfgl:d sf]˜Gof]˜l:t ;b[zf] dof .
oIo] bf:ofld df]lbio OTo1fgljdf]lxtfM ..!%..
cg]slrQlje|fGtf df]xhfn;dfj[tfM .
k|;QmfM sfdef]u]if' ktlGt g/s]˜z'rf} ..!^..
d w]/} wgL / 7"nf] s'6'Djjfnf 5', d ;dfg csf]{ sf] 5 < d o1 u5{', bfg u5{' / cfdf]b–
k|df]b u5{' . o;k|sf/ c1fgn] df]lxt x'g] tyf cg]s k|sf/n] e|ldt lrQ ePsf] df]x¿k hfnn] ;dfj[Q
/ ljifoef]udf cToGt cf;Qm cf;'/L JolQm ckljq gs{df k5{g\ ..
cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf JolQm hlQ eP klg ;Gt'i6 x'g g;s]/ ;w“}+ a9LeGbf a9L kfpg] bf}8df
;+nUg /xG5g\ . pm dfqf / kl/0ffddf pT;'s x'G5 . ;w}+“ ePsf] eGbf w]/}sf] cfsfª\IfL x'gfn]

nf]suLtf– 627
cWofo–!^
d[ut[i0ffd} bf}8 nufO/xG5 / pm ef]lnsf nflu cfh gi6 u5{ . oxL l;nl;nf hf/L /fv]/ cfˆgf]
k"/f hLjg g} gi6 u5{ . hd{gLsf] Pshgf 7'nf ljrf/s w]/} wgL lyP . cWoogdf ePsf] ?lrn] ubf{
pgn] cgf}7f / b'n{e k':tsx¿sf] ;ª\u|x ug{ ;'? u/] . %) ;f}+ efiffsf b'n{eeGbf b'n{e k':ts
ePsf] Ps ljzfn k':tsfno pgLsxfF tof/ eof] t/ k':ts hDdf ug]{ qmddf pgL gAa] aif{sf
eO;s]sf] pgnfO{ aNn xf]; cfof] . pgn] k':tsx¿ t hDdf u/] t/ of] cWoog slxn] ug]{ eGg]
;Dem]/ p;nfO{ 7'nf] wSsf nfUof] / pgsf] d[To' eof] . klxn] hDdf u5{' clg cf/fdk"j{s k9\5' eGg]
p;sf] sNkgf ;kgf g} eof] .
cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQmsf] ;f]rfO l7s o:t} x'G5 . p;n] wg, kb / k|lti7f ;a ;l~rt u5{
t/ cem cufl8 al9/xg] rfxgfn] To;sf] :jfb k"0f{ pkof]u ug]{ df}sf g} kfpFb}g . To;}n] p;n]
eljiosf nflu jt{dfgsf] aln r9fpF5 . rfxgfsf] cGt g} gx'gfn] eljio t ;kgf dfq x'G5 . ;f/f
hut\ g} kfP klg o:tf] JolQm ct[Kt g} /xG5 . 8fOgf]lhG; (Diogenes) eGg] o'gfgsf dxfjL/
h:t} gUg /xg] ;Gtn] l;sGb/nfO{ eg]– ltdLn] ;f/f ;+;f/ g} lht] klg b'vL g} x'G5f} lsgeg]
ltdLn] lhTgnfO{ csf]{ b'lgofF 5}g . of] ;'g]/ l;sGb/ b'vL eP lsgeg] pgdf cem w]/} kfpg] rfxgf
lyof] h'g ca k"/f x'Fb}g eGg] pgn] hfg] . b}jL ;Dkbfjfnf JolQm hf] p;;Fu 5, To;eGbf a9Lsf]
dfu gu/L To;}df ;Gt'i6 eP/ afFR5 . oxL :jLsf/f]lQmsf] efjn] p;n] cem a9L k|fKt u5{ . p;n]
k/dfTdfnfO{ dfq vf]H5 afFsL p;nfO{ :jtM k|fKt x'G5 lsgeg] hf] dfU5, p;n] s]xL kfpFb}g t/
h;n] dfUb}g p;n] ;a} kfpF5 . lh;;sf] Pp6f 7'nf] lj/f]wfef;L jrg 5, pxfFn] ltdLn] dfUof} eg]
h] ltdL;Fu 5 Tof] klg vf]l;g] 5 / olb ltdLn] afF8\of} eg] h] ltdL;Fu 5}g Tof] ltdLnfO{ k|fKt x'g]
5 eGg'ePsf] 5 . l7s o:t} g} k|ltkn eO/x]sf] 5 lsgeg] h] xfdLn] dfU5f}F Tof] xfdLnfO{ slxNo}
k|fKt x'Fb}g / h] xfdLn] 5f]8\5f}“, Tof] ;a} xfdL;Fu x'g] 5 .
d P]Zjo{nfO{ ef]Ug]jfnf x'F / d ;a} l;l4x¿af6 o'Qm anjfg\ / ;'vL 5' eGg] ljrf/ cf;'/L
;Dkbfsf] JolQmn] /fVb5 / c¿nfO{ gi6 ug]{ sfdgf ub{5 . sf]xL gePkl5 cfkm“} kl/k"0f{ ;d|f6\ x'g]
5' t;y{ d]/f ljk/Lt x'g]nfO{ gi6 ug]{ 5' eGg] efj cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQmn] /fVb5 t/ b}jL
;Dkbfsf] JolQm c¿nfO{ Iflt k'¥ofpg] ljrf/;Dd klg ub}{g a? cfkm"nfO{ ld6fpg] ljrf/ u5{ .
ha;Dd cfkm" x'G5, ta;Dd si6 /lx/xg] 5 / cfkm" gePkl5 dfq cfgGb k|fKt x'g] 5 eGg] efj
p;df x'G5 . cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQmsf] ;fd|fHosf] cfsfª\Iff c¿nfO{ afFsL g/fVg'df x'G5 . kTgL /
k'qnfO{ p;n] j:t'sf] ¿kdf Jojxf/ u5{ tyf pgLx¿sf] ul/df / :jtGqtfnfO{ afFRg lbFb}g . o:tf]
JolQmn] zq'nfO{ t df5{ g} ldqx¿nfO{ klg d[tk|foM ul/lbG5 . p;;Fu ldqtf ug{ hLljt nf; aGg
;Sg'k5{ . cf;'/L k|j[lQsf] JolQmn] s;}sf] JolQmTjnfO{ ;Ddfg lbFb}g≤ t;y{ pm zq'sf] lg/Gt/ xTof
ug{ rfxG5 . cfh Ps zq'sf] xTof u/]kl5 ef]ln c¿ zq'x¿ klg dfg{ rfxG5 . p;sf] lrGtg
ljWj+;fTds x'G5 / pm d[To'sf] cf/fws / odb"t x'G5 . o;sf] l7s ljk/Lt b}jL ;Dkbfsf JolQm
;[hgsf cf/fws x'G5g\ / ToxL pgLx¿sf] nflu O{Zj/tkm{ hfg] dfu{ x'G5 . ;+;f/sf ;a} wd{n]
O{Zj/nfO{ ;|i6f dfg]sf 5g\ . ;|i6f k/dfTdfsf] glhs x'G5 t/ ljWj+;s JolQm k/dfTdfaf6 6f9f
x'G5 .
cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQm d P]Zjo{jfg\ x'F, P]Zjo{nfO{ ef]Ug]jfnf x'F / d ;a} l;l4x¿af6 o'Qm
Pjd\ anjfg\ / ;'vL 5' eGg] dfGotf /fV5 . ;'vL t pm x'Fb}g t/ ;'vL ePsf] dfGotf /fV5, of] Ps
dgf]j}1flgs ;To xf] . xfdL cfkm" h] x'Fb}gf“}, Tof] xfF} eg]/ ;Demfpg] r]i6f u5f}{+ . sdhf]/ JolQm
zlQmzfnL ePsf] / d"9 JolQm a'l4dfg\ ePsf] l;4 ug]{ k|of; u5{g\ . P8n/sf cg';f/– h'g
JolQmdf h'g s'/fsf] sdL jf xLgtf x'G5, p;n] To;sf ljk/Lt ¿k agfpF5 . s'g} JolQm s'g}

nf]suLtf– 628
 cWofo–!^
s'/fsf nflu kfun x'G5 eg] Tof] kfunkg p;sf] sdhf]/L xf] eGg] atfpF5 . To:t} ljk/Ltsf]
sf]l;; klg cfkm"nfO{ s]xL x'F eGg] k|dfl0ft u/]/ b]vfpgsf nflu xf] .
P8n/n] clxn] eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ >Ls[i0fn] w]/} klxn] eGg'ePsf] xf] . cf;'/L ;Dkbfdf ePsf]
o:tf] JolQm ;'vL gx'Fbf klg ;'vL 5' eGg] b]vfpg vf]H5 / uf}/jk"j{s ;'vL ePsf] k|rf/ u5{ . of]
/fhgLlts JolQmsf] rl/q xf] . pgLx¿ ;dfhdf cfkm" ;'vL ePsf o:t} e|d km}nfpF5g\ . klt–kTgL
klg oxL b]vfpg] r]i6f ub{5g\ . cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf JolQm cfˆgf] xLgtfnfO{ n'sfP/ ljk/Lt ¿k k|s6
ub{5g\ . cfkm" P]Zjo{jfg\ / P]Zjo{nfO{ ef]Ug]jfnf ePsf] Pjd\ ;a} l;l4af6 o'Qm / anjfg\ ePsf]
k|rf/ ug{ vf]Hb5 t/ of] ;fFrf] xf]Og, ldYof xf] . oL ;a} cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf JolQmsf u'0f x'g\ . b}jL
;Dkbfsf] JolQm P]Zjo{jfg\ cyf{t\ O{Zj/ x'G5 . p;sf ;f/f l;l4x¿ l;4 x'G5g\ / p;dfly ;f/f
zlQm / ;'v al;{G5 . of] 36gf b}jL ;Dkbfsf] JolQmnfO{ 36\5 t/ cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQm oL ;a}
u'0f p;df pknAw ePsf] 7fGb5 .
cfkm" wgjfg\ / s'6Dajfnf ePsf] / cfkm"h:tf] csf]{ sf]xL gePsf] pgLx¿ 7fGb5g\ . o:tf
JolQm o1 / bfg u/]/ xif{df k|fKt x'G5' eGg] c1fgn] df]lxt x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ ;a} pQd sd{ u5{'
egL eGgsf nflu dfq eG5g\ t/ g/fd|f] sfd t'?Gt ub{5g\ / /fd|f] sfd eljiosf nflu yftL
/fV5g\ . of] ;a} cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQmsf] nIf0f xf] . o:tf] efj x'g' p;sf] cfTd;\Ddf]xg / df]x
xf] . bfg gu/L pm cfkm"nfO{ bftf dfGb5 / ljrf/n] bfg / o1 u/]/ xif{df pknAw x'G5 . jt{dfgdf
n'6]/ eljiodf bfg lbg] p;sf] ljrf/ slxNo} k"/f x'Fb}g lsgeg] n'6\g] lrQn] s;}nfO{ lbg ;Sb}g .
To;}n] o:tf] JolQmn] cg]sf}+ axfgf vf]h]/ cGttM cfkm"eGbf ul/a sf]xL kfpFb}g . To;}n] p;n]
slxn] klg bfg lbFb}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– tL cg]s k|sf/n] e|ldt lrQjfnf c1fgLhg df]x¿k
hfndf km;]/ Pjd\ ljifoef]ux¿df cToGt cf;Qm eP/ ckljq gs{df emb{5g\ . o:tf] efjgfdf
afFRg] JolQmsf] leq b'v / ljiffbsf] clUg ;b}j k|Hjlnt x'G5 lsgeg] c¿nfO{ b'v afF8]/ ;'v
sbflrt\ k|fKt ug{ ;lsGg . xfd|f] jf:tljs s[Ton] g} hLjgdf kl/0ffd NofpF5 lsgeg] xfdL h]
lbG5f+}“, Tof] xfdLnfO{ cgGt u'0ff eP/ lkmtf{ x'G5 . xfdLn] b'v lbof}+“ eg] b'v / ;'v lbof}+“ eg] ;'v
lkmtf{ x'G5 / xfdL ToxL cflh{t u5f}{+, h] xfdL afF8\5f}F . xfdLnfO{ cfkm"n] b'v kfpFbf cGo
sf/0fx¿af6 b'v k|fKt ePsf] h:tf] nfU5 t/ of] unt wf/0ff xf] . xfdLn] b'v afF8]sf] x'gfn] ToxL
b'v xfdLnfO{ lkmtf{ ePsf] xf] .
xfdLnfO{ b'v pknAw x'gfsf] sf/0f xfdLn] cgGt hGdb]lv h'g b'v afF8]sf 5f“} ToxL kmnsf]
¿kdf lkmtf{ kfO/x]sf 5f}“ . a'4nfO{ s'g} ljlIfKt JolQmn] xTof ug]{ k|k~r cg';f/ af}nfxf xfQL
pxfFn] Wofg ul//x]sf] 7fpFdf 5f]l8lbof] / dfly kxf8af6 r§fg emfl/lbof] . a'4sf lziox¿n]
p;nfO{ dxfb'i6sf] ;+1f lbP t/ a'4n] zfGt eP/ eGg'eof]– d}n] p;nfO{ klxn] s'g} b'v lbPsf] lyPF
xf]nf, clxn] ToxL lkmtf{ kfO/x]sf] 5' . To;}n] p;n] h] ub}{ 5, Tof] ug{ b]pm . olb d}n] s'g} k|ltlqmof
ul/gF eg] xfd|f] lx;fa a/fa/ x'G5 / d of] vftf ca aGb ug{ rfxG5' . olb xfdLn] ;'v b'vnfO{
sd{sf] k|ltkmng dfGg ;Sof}+ eg] sd{sf] l;4fGt hfGg ;lsG5 . sd{sf] l;4fGtsf] ;f/ dnfO{ ToxL
k|fKt x'G5, h] d}n] u/]sf] 5' cGoyf s]xL x'g ;Sb}g eGg] xf] . o:tf] lrQsf] bzf k|fb'ef{j ePdf
xfdL cf;'/L ;Dkbfaf6 b}jL ;Dkbfdf k|j]z ug]{ 5f}“ .
cfTd;DefljtfM :tAwf wgdfgdbflGjtfM .
ohGt] gfdo1}:t] bDe]gfljlwk"j{sd\ ..!&..
cfkm"nfO{ g} >]i7 dfGg]jfnf 3d08L k'?if wg / dfgsf] dbn] o'Qm eP/ s]jn gfd dfqsf]
o1åf/f kfv08k"j{s zf:qljlw /lxt k"hg ub{5 ..

nf]suLtf– 629
cWofo–!^
cxÍf/+ an+ bk{+ sfd+ qmf]w+ r ;+l>tfM .
dfdfTdk/b]x]if' k|låifGtf]˜Eo;"osfM ..!*..
cxª\sf/, an, 3d08, sfdgf / qmf]wflb k/fo0f / csf{sf] lgGbf ug]{jfnf k'?if cfˆgf] /
c¿ ;a}sf] z/L/df l:yt …dÚ cGtof{dL;Fu å]if ug]{jfnf x'G5g\ ..
tfgx+ låiftM qm"/fG;+;f/]if' g/fwdfg\ .
lIfkfDoh;|dz'efgf;'/Lij]j of]lgif' ..!(..
Tof] å]if ug]{jfnf kfkfrf/L qm"/sdL{ / g/fwdnfO{ d ;+;f/df af/Daf/ cf;'/L of]lgdf g}
xfNb5' ..
cf;'/L+ of]lgdfkGgf d"9f hGdlg hGdlg .
dfdk|fKo}j sf}Gt]o ttf] ofGTowdf+ ultd\ ..@)..
x] ch{'g Û tL d"9 dnfO{ k|fKt ug{ g;s]/ g} hGd–hGddf cf;'/L of]lgdf k|fKt x'G5g\, k]ml/
To;eGbf klg clt gLr ultdf g} k|fKt x'G5g\ cyf{t\ 3f]/ gs{df k5{g\ ..
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ k"/f uLtfdf åGåsf] kf/ eP/ åGåftLt x'g eGg'x'G5 . ch{'gn] ;dli6nfO{
stf{ dfg]/ cfk"m lgldQ eO{ sd{ u/]df pgL stf{kgsf] cledfgaf6 d'Qm x'g] 5g\ . t;y{ >Ls[i0f
ch{'gnfO{ ;dli6nfO{ stf{ hfg]/ k/dfTdfsf] afF;'/L ag eGg'x'G5 . xfdLleq b}jL / cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf]
a/fa/ ;Gt'lnt ¿k x'G5 . cf;'/L ;Dkbfaf6 kf/ eP/ b}jL ;Dkbf k|fKt ug{' eg]sf] ;fIfL efj
hufpg' xf] . cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQmsf nflu cfkm" x'g' g} >]i7tf xf] . g]kf]lnog af]gfkf6 cfˆgf]
;'lawf cg';f/ sfg'g kl/jt{g ul//xGy] . dGqLx¿n] sfg'g l:y/ x'g'k5{ cGoyf o;n] c/fhstf
km}nfpF5 eg]/ lbPsf] ;NnfxnfO{ pgn] Ps jfSodf d g} sfg'g x'F / d h] af]N5' ToxL sfg'g xf]
eg]/ 3d08;fy pQ/ lbPsf lyP .
cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf JolQmsf] nIf0f o:t} x'G5 . d >]i7 x'F eGg] 3d08sf ;fy} wg / dfgsf]
dbaf6 pm o'Qm x'G5 . p;sf] wd{ klg wg / dfgsf] cledfgsf] sf/0fn] x'G5 . dlGb/ agfpg' /
s/f]8f}“ vr{ u/]/ o1 ug{' klg p;sf] cxª\sf/sf] ofqf xf] . cfkm"n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] eGbf a[xb\ lgdf{0f
c¿n] ug{ g;s"g\ eGg] p;sf] efj x'G5 . pgLx¿sf] wd{ / o1sf] k|of]hg cfˆgf] >]i7tf l;4
ug{sf nflu x'G5 . o:tf JolQmn] zf:q ljlwaf6 /lxt s]jn gfd dfqsf] o1 kfv08k"j{s ub{5 .
p;n] z'e u/] klg cfkm"nfO{ ;a}n] k'h"g\ / bfg lbFbf klg cfˆgf] k|Voflt a9f];\ eg]/ lbG5g\ .
pgLx¿sf k|To]s sd{sf] nIo pgLx¿ :jod\ g} x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ cxª\sf/, an, 3d08, sfdgf /
qmf]wflbn] k/fo0f Pjd\ c¿sf] lgGbf ug]{jfnf k'?if cfˆgf] / c¿sf] z/L/df l:yt …dÚ cGtof{dL;Fu
å]if u5{g\ eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 .
cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf JolQmnfO{ k/dfTdf hxfF eP klg å]if x'G5 lsgeg] k/dfTdfsf] :jLs[ltdf
pgLx¿sf] cxª\sf/ vl08t x'G5 . km]8l/s lgT;]n] cfkm" kfunvfgfdf x'Fbf o:tf] jrg n]v]sf 5g\,
d k/dfTdfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ ;lSbgF lsgeg] olb k/dfTdf 5 eg] pm deGbf dfly x'G5 / d gDa/
b'O{ x'G5' . cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQmnfO{ k/dfTdf :jLsf/ ug{ cToGt sl7g x'G5 lsgeg] pm klg
lgT;] h:t} gDa/ b'O{ x'g rfxFb}g . k/dfTdfsf ljifodf kIf / ljkIf to ug{ dg'ion] ;Sb}g .
kIfdf hlt ts{ x'G5 ljkIfdf klg plQs} ts{ x'G5 . cfl:tsn] gfl:tsnfO{ / gfl:tsn]
cfl:tsnfO{ O{Zj/ 5 / 5}g eGg] ljifodf a'emfpg / dgfpg ;Sb}g / Ps dt u/fpg klg ;Sb}g .
t;y{ sf]xL O{Zj/ 5 / sf]xL O{Zj/ 5}g eGb5g\ .
b}jL ;Dkbf O{Zj/nfO{ dfGg] / cf;'/L ;Dkbf O{Zj/nfO{ gdfGg] cfwf/ xf] . cfkm"nfO{ g}
;j{>]i7 dfGg] JolQm k/dfTdfnfO{ dfGb}g / gdfGg] ts{ vf]Hb5 . b}jL ;Dkbfsf JolQmx¿ d s]G› /

nf]suLtf– 630
 cWofo–!^
d"n xf]Og, s]jn Pp6f nx/ dfq x'F eGg] hfGb5g\ / k/dfTdfnfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5g\ . pgLx¿sf]
k/dfTdfk|ltsf] :jLs[lt efj ts{af6 xf]Og, b}jL ;Dkbfsf] u'0faf6 cfpF5 . oL b'O{ ;Dkbfsf larsf
xfdL h:tf dg'iox¿nfO{ k/dfTdf 5 ls 5}g eGg] ljifodf Wofg klg x'Fb}g . xfdL h:tf JolQmx¿
b'j} 8'Ëfdf v'§f /fVg hfGb5f}+ . xfdL dfGotf / ;+:sf/sf nflu dfq k/dfTdfnfO{ dfG5f}“ . k|mfo8n]
dg'iox¿ klxn] to u5{g\ / To;sf] k'li6sf nflu ts{ kl5 u5{g\ eGg] dxŒjk"0f{ vf]h u/]sf 5g\ .
xfd|f] efj klxn] lgld{t x'G5 / To;sf] ;dy{gsf nflu sf/0f jf ts{kl5 vf]hL u5f}{ . xfd|f] efj
cr]tgdf x'G5 / sf/0f r]tgdf x'G5 . kmfo8 eGb5g\– k|To]s dg'io cGwf] h:tf] eP/ afFR5 /
cGwf] 5}g egL l;4 ug{sf nflu sf/0f vf]H5 .
O{Zj/sf ;DaGwdf klg oxL g} x'G5 . xfdLnfO{ cfkm"eGbf >]i7 c¿nfO{ dfGg a8f] sl7g
x'G5 t/ c¿nfO{ cfkm"eGbf tn xfdL ;lhn} ;f]Rg ;S5f}F . O{Zj/ 5 ls 5}g eGg] k|ZgeGbf klg
O{Zj/ dfGg] JolQmn] cfkm"nfO{ e'msfpg tof/ x'G5 ls x'Fb}g eGg] s'/f dxŒjk"0f{ xf] . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– cxª\sf/, an, 3d08, sfdgf / qmf]wflbn] k/fo0f eP/ c¿sf] lgGbf ug]{ cfˆgf] / c¿sf]
z/L/df cjl:yt …dÚ cGtof{dLk|lt å]if ug]{, kfkfrf/L, qm"/sdL{ / g/fwdnfO{ …dÚ ;+;f/df af/Daf/
cf;'/L of]lgdf emf5{' . s[i0fsf] o; jrgn] xfdLnfO{ crlDdt kfg{ ;S5 lsgeg] k/dfTdfn] t
cf;'/L j[lQsf JolQmnfO{ klg p4f/ ug{'kg]{ xf] t/ >Ls[i0f o:tf] JolQmnfO{ …dÚ emf5{' eGg'x'G5 . xfdL
pxfFnfO{ klttkfjg, s?0fflgwfg x] bof;fu/ Û xfdLnfO{ bof ug{'xf];\ eg]/ k|fy{gf u5f}{+ t/ pxfF t
qm"/sdL{ / g/fwdnfO{ cf;'/L of]lgdf emf5{' eGg'x'G5 . s[i0fn] o:tf] lsg eGg'ePsf] xf]nf eg]/
xfdLnfO{ nfUg ;S5 .
O;fO{ / O:nfd wdf{jnDaLx¿ of] jrg ;'g]/ cfZro{rlst x'G5g\ lsgeg] O:nfddf
k/dfTdfsf] gfd g} /lxd, /xdfg ;a} bofsf] gfd xf] . k/dfTdf bofn' 5 eg] p;nfO{ s[i0fsf] of]
s:tf] bof eg]/ nfUg' :jefljs g} xf] . lh;;n] ltdLn] k|fy{gf u/]df ;a} k|sf/sf] Ifdf ;Dej
x'G5 / ltdLn] Åboaf6 k'sf¥of} eg] Ifdf k|fKt x'g] 5 eGg'ePsf] 5 . t;y{ pgLx¿nfO{ klg s[i0fsf]
jrg cgf}7f] nfUg ;S5 t/ s[i0fsf] jrgsf] cy{ k/dfTdf s'g} JolQm xf]Og h;nfO{ ltdLn]
af]nfpg] lalQs} p;n] Ifdf ul/lbG5 . p;nfO{ af]nfP/ kmsfP/ dgfpg ;lsFb}g lsgeg] k/dfTdf
JolQm geP/ Pp6f zfZjt lgod / Joj:yf xf] . lgodsf] cg's"n rNg] JolQm d'Qm x'G5 / lgodsf]
k|lts"n rNg] JolQm cfˆg} xftaf6 afFlwG5 . To;}n] lgodsf ljk/Lt rNg] JolQmn] b'v kfpF5 /
cg's"n rNg] JolQmn] cfgGb kfpF5 . cfuf]df s;}n] xft xfNof] eg] xft hN5 lsgeg] cfufsf]
:jefj hnfpg] xf] / of] p;sf] lgod xf] . cfuf] s;}sf] xft hnfpg pT;'s 5}g t/ cfufdf xft
xfn]df xft hN5 .
k/dfTdf hf] zfZjt lgod (Universal law) / hLjgsf] cfwf/:tDe xf], >Ls[i0f oxfF ToxL
¿kdf af]Nb} x'g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb JolQmsf] sd{, b[li6 / wf/0ff kfkk"0f{ 5 eg] o:tf]
kfkn] p;nfO{ 8'afpF5 lsgeg] of] lgod cg'¿ksf] Joj:yf xf] . of] zfZjt lgodn] JolQmsf]
kfksd{ cg';f/ p;nfO{ tn lu/fpF5 . o;}nfO{ >Ls[i0f …dÚ tn emfg]{ 5' eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] lgod
eg]sf] g} >Ls[i0f xf] . tn lu/fpg'sf] cy{ o:tf] sd{ ug]{ JolQm cfkm}“ lu5{ / p;nfO{ k/dfTdfn]
wSsf lbg} kb}{g . sd{sf] l;4fGt ;gftg wd{sf] ulx/f] vf]h xf] . h}g / af}4 wd{n] t k/dfTdf 5}g
g} eGb5g\ . pgLx¿n] l;4fGt g} kof{Kt 5 / sd{af6} ;a} s'/f x'g] ePsfn] k/dfTdfnfO{ lardf
Nofpg] cfjZostf g} 5}g eGb5g\ t/ k/dfTdfnfO{ gsfg{'kg]{ cfjZostf 5}g lsgeg] k/dfTdf
eg]sf] dxfzfZjt lgod xf] . h;n] of] hLjg rnfpF5, p;nfO{ sd{sf] lgod eg"F of k/dfTdf eg"F
Pp6} s'/f xf] . hf] JolQm cfkm}“ sd{af6 tn em5{, lgodn] p;nfO{ tn emf5{ . hldgn] xfdLnfO{

nf]suLtf– 631
cWofo–!^
n8fpFb}g t/ lgod ljk/Lt pN6f] lxF8]df xfdL cjZo} n8\5f+}“ . hut\sf] lgodnfO{ a'em]/ p;sf]
cg's"n rNg' g} wd{ xf] . a'4n] klg lgod g} wd{ xf] eGg'ePsf] 5 . …wDd+ z/0f+ uR5fldÚ eg]s}
wd{sf] z/0fdf hfg' xf] cyjf lgodsf] z/0fdf hfg' xf] . lgodsf] cg's"n rNg] JolQm d'Qm /
cfgGbnfO{ pknAw x'G5 eg] k|lts"n lxF8\g] JolQm aGwg / b'vdf pknAw x'G5 .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û tL d"9 k'?if hGdhGddf dnfO{ k|fKt gu/L Tof] cf;'/L
of]lgnfO{ k|fKt u/L To;eGbf klg tnsf] ultdf k|fKt x'G5g\ . ha JolQm tn emg{ yfN5, p;n] Ps
lsl;dsf] ult lng yfN5 . Ps em'6 n'sfpg / Ps kfknfO{ n'sfpg cgGt em'6 / kfk ug{'k5{ .
ha JolQm tn emg{ rfxG5, ta lgodn] To;df ;xof]u lbG5 / ha dfly p7\g rfxG5, ta
lgodn] l;F9L ag]/ ;xof]u u5{ . laxfg qmf]waf6 ul/Psf] ;'?jftn] lbgel/ qmf]wsf] l;nl;nf hf/L
x'G5 eg] k/dfTdfsf] :d/0faf6 ;''?jft ePsf] lbgdf qmf]w ug{ sl7g x'G5 / z'elt/ ult kl/jlt{t
x'G5 . h'g s'/f untsf ;DaGwdf nfu' x'G5, ToxL s'/f ;xLsf ;DaGwdf klg nfu' x'G5 . l7s–
a]l7s b'j}sf ;DaGwdf Pp6} lgod nfu' x'G5 . To;}n] ;xL lbzfsf] r'gfj ug{' h?/L x'G5 . s?0ff,
bof, k|]dsf] efjsf ;fy lbgsf] ;''?jft u/]df lbgel/ xif{ / pNnf;d} ;do JotLt x'G5 . To:t}
afnsnfO{ elQmsf] lbzf afnssfndf g} lbPdf p;sf] hLjg ToxL lbzflt/ k|jflxt x'G5 . t;y{
klxn] j0f{Joj:yfsf] ;dodf @% jif{;Dd /fhfb]lv /ª\s;Dd ;a}nfO{ u'?s'n k7fpg] Joj:yf
ul/Psf] lyof] . To;s} cfwf/df ofqfsf] ky lgwf{/0f x'GYof] . afNofj:yfdf ;dft]sf] lbzf g}
hjfgLsf] bf}8sf] lbzf aG5 .
cf;'/L j[lQ cg';f/ sfd, qmf]w, cxª\sf/, 3d08 / sfdgfsf] lbzfdf h'g JolQmx¿ cl3
a9\b5g\ pgLx¿ c¿ gLr of]lgdf emb{5g\ . To;}nfO{ k/dfTdfsf tkm{af6 cem tn emfl/lbG5' eg]/
>Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] xf] . s[i0fn] tn lu/fpg] xf]Og, lgodn] g} tn lu/fpF5 lsgeg] lgod lgikIf
x'G5 / s;}nfO{ klg kIfkft ub}{g . lgod zfZjt / ;gftg 5 . xfdL cfˆgf] pmhf{, lgod /
lbzfsf hf]8 xf“}+≤ t;y{ xfd|f] pmhf{ klg zfZjt / ;gftg 5 . lgod / pmhf{ ;dfgfGt/ x'G5 .
pmhf{nfO{ lgodcg's"n jf k|lts"n aufpg' xfd|f] r'gfj xf] . gbL hf] alu/x]sf] 5 Tof] lgod xf] /
xfd|f] pmhf{ 8'Ëf xf] . of] pmhf{nfO{ gbL;Fu aufpg] ls gbLsf] ljk/Lt aufpg] Tof] xfd|f] r'gfj xf] .
gbLsf] k|jfxtkm{ aUg' ;dk{0f xf] / o:tf] ;dk{0f b}jL ;Dkbfsf JolQmdf x'G5 . To;}n] o:tf] JolQm
lbJotfdf pknAw x'G5 . gbLsf] k|jfxsf] ljk/Lt aUg] JolQm cf;'/L ;Dkbfsf] JolQm x'G5, h;nfO{
cGwsf/ dfq k|fKt x'G5 .
lqljw+ g/s:o]b+ åf/+ gfzgdfTdgM .
sfdM qmf]w:tyf nf]e:t:dfb]tTqo+ Toh]t\ ..@!..
sfd qmf]w tyf nf]e oL tLg gs{sf åf/ x'g\ / logn] cfTdfnfO{ gfz u5{g\ cyf{t\ cfTdfnfO{
cwf]ultdf n}hfG5g\ . To;}n] oL tLgnfO{ Tofu ug{'k5{ ..
Pt}lj{d'QmM sf}Gt]o tdf]åf/}l:qleg{/M .
cfrf/TofTdgM >]o:ttf] oflt k/f+ ultd\ ..@@..
x] ch{'g Û of] tLg} gs{sf åf/af6 d'Qm k'?if cfˆgf] sNof0fsf] cfr/0f u5{ . o;n] ubf{ pm
k/dultnfO{ cyf{t\ dnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 ..
oM zf:qljlwd'T;[Ho jt{t] sfdsf/tM .
g ; l;l4djfKgf]lt g ;'v+ g k/f+ ultd\ ..@#..
h'g k'?if zf:qljlwnfO{ Tofu]/ cfˆgf] OR5fn] dgkl/ cfr/0f u5{, p;nfO{ g l;lå k|fKt
x'G5, g k/d ult / ;'v g} k|fKt x'G5 ..

nf]suLtf– 632
 cWofo–!^
t:dfR5f:q+ k|df0f+ t] sfof{sfo{Jojl:ytf} .
1fTjf zf:qlawfgf]Qm+ sd{ st{'ldxfx{l; ..@$..
o;}n] ltd|f nflu of] st{Jo / cst{Josf] Joj:yfdf zf:q g} k|df0f 5 . o:fnfO{ a'em]/ ltdL
zf:q ljlwn] lgot sd{ g} ug{ of]Uo 5f} ..
>Ls[i0f sfd, qmf]w tyf nf]enfO{ gs{sf] åf/ eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] hLj]if0ff of] tLg lx:;fdf
6'6\b5 . hLj]if0ffsf] d"n efj sfdjf;gf xf] . dg'iodf ef]s / of}gsf] jf;gf k|antd ¿kdf /x]sf]
x'G5 eg]/ hLjzf:qLx¿ eGb5g\ lsgeg] ef]ssf] xf]; gePdf JolQm hLljt /xg ;Sb}g . ev{/
hlGdPsf] aRrfdf klg ef]ssf] 1fg geP pm afFRg ;Sb}g . ef]sn] cfˆgf] pmhf{ IfL0f ePsf] ;ª\s]t
z/L/nfO{ lbP/ z/L/nfO{ arfpF5 t/ ef]såf/f gofF ;[li6sf] s'g} efj eg] k|s6 x'Fb}g . To:t} csf]{
ef]s of}gsf] ef]s xf] . k]6sf] ef]sn] xfdL afFR5f}+“ / of}gsf] ef]sn] ;dfh afFR5 . of] b'O{ xfd|f ef]s
x'g\ . k]6sf] ef]s t[Kt ePkl5 of}gsf] ljrf/ knfpF5 . nfdf] pkjf;df klg sfdjf;gf d[t x'Fb}g
blaP/ a;]sf] x'G5 / k]6sf] ef]s zfGt eP kl5 k'gM jf;gfn] lz/ p7fpF5 . ;dfhsf] ;d[l4;Fu}
sfdjf;gf tLj| x'G5 . xfdLx¿nfO{ klZrd w]/} sfd's 5 h:tf] nfU5 t/ of] ;To xf]Og . oyfy{df
pgLx¿ k]6sf] ef]saf6 t[Kt eO;s]sf 5g\ t;y{ sfdjf;gf pgLx¿df k|uf9 5 . k"j{sf
JolQmx¿sf] xsdf pgLx¿sf] pmhf{ sfdjf;gf / ef]s b'j}df plQs} bf}l8G5 . klxnf] cfjZostf
ef]ssf] lgbfg xf] To;kl5 sfdjf;gfsf] lgbfgaf/] ljrf/ x'G5 .
klxn] JolQm cfkm"nfO{ arfpF5 clg ;GtltnfO{ arfpF5 oxL hLj]if0ffsf b'O{ kf6f x'g\ .
sfdjf;gf a8f] ulx/f] x'G5 / o;af6 5'6sf/f kfpg Tolt ;lhnf] x'Fb}g t/ tyfslyt ;fw'x¿
lgod / j|t lnP/ sfdjf;gfaf6 d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 eGg] ;f]R5g\ h'g a]l7s xf] . ha;Dd af]w k|uf9
x'Fb}g / z/L/eGbf cfkm" leGg ePsf] b]lvFb}g, ta;Dd sfdjf;gfaf6 d'Qm x'g ;lsGg .
sfdjf;gfsf] kl5 olb xfdL rNof}F eg] Ps csf]{ j[lQ pTkGg x'G5 . nf]e oxL j[lQsf] gfd xf] h'g
sfdjf;gfsf] km}nfj6 xf] . nf]en] sfdjf;gfnfO{ ljlIfKt agfpF5 / Ps :qLdf ;Lldt geO{
cTolws :qLx¿;Fu ef]usf] sfdgf ub{5 . To:t} ;f/f hut\sf] wg gkfP;Dd wgaf6 klg t[lKt
x'Fb}g / wgsf] vf]h klg JolQmn] sfdjf;gf lsGg ;lsG5 eg]/ ub{5 . wgaf6 ;'lawfx¿ lsGg
;lsG5 / ;'lawfx¿ sfdjf;gfnfO{ k"/f ug{ ;xof]uL x'G5g\ eg]/ nf]eL JolQmx¿ ;f]Rb5g\ . nf]eL
JolQm sfdjf;gfaf6 slxNo} klg d'Qm x'Fb}g . of] sfdjf;gfsf] lj:tf/df h;n] afwf k'¥ofpF5,
To;dfly qmf]w cfpF5 . sfdjf;gf nf]esf] km}nfj6 xf] eg] oxL qmf]wsf] k|f/De klg xf] .
sfdjf;gfsf] km}nfj6df h;n] afwf k'¥ofpF5 To;k|lt qmf]w cfpF5 / ;xof]u lbg]k|lt :g]x pTkGg
x'G5 . sfd, qmf]w, nf]e Pp6} gbLsf wf/fx¿ x'g\ . sfdaf6 d'Qm x'g;s]df dfq nf]e / qmf]waf6
klg d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 . ;d:t wd{sf] vf]hsf] d"nlaGb' csfd k}bf u/fpg' xf] h;nfO{ a|Xdro{
elgG5 . ljlIfKt ¿kdf c¿ hLjg k}bf ug]{ h'g bf}8 leq x'G5, To;af6 5'6sf/f kfpg] k|of; g}
a|Xdro{ xf] .
>Ls[i0f oL tLgnfO{ gs{sf åf/ x'g\ eGg'x'G5 t/ xfdLnfO{ oL hLjg h:tf] nfU5 . xfdL
h;nfO{ hLjg eG5f}+“ >Ls[i0f To;nfO{ gs{sf] åf/ eGg'x'G5 . xfdL rf}la; 306f g} sfdn] el/Psf
x'G5f+}“ / sfdjf;gf xfd|f] gh/sf] km}nfj6 xf] . xfdL jiff}{+cl3 e]l6Psf] JolQmnfO{ e'Ng ;S5f}“ t/
p;sf] k|s[lt cyf{t\ :qL jf k'?if sf] lyof] eGg] lal;{b}gf}“ . xfd|f] x/]s Jojxf/df nf]e / qmf]wn] sfd
ul//x]sf] x'G5 . xfdL oL tLg qmf]w, nf]e / df]xdf olt lnKt x'G5f}+“ ls To;nfO{ lrGg klg ;Sb}gf}+“ .
sfdn] ljlIfKttf NofpF5, nf]en] Tof] ljlIfKttf a9fpg c¿sf] ;xf/f / km}nfj6 dfU5 / qmf]w To;

nf]suLtf– 633
cWofo–!^
ljlIfKttfnfO{ afwf k'¥ofpg]nfO{ gi6 ug{ tof/ x'G5 . oL tLg} gs{sf åf/ x'g,\ hxfF hxfF oL tLg
x'G5g\, ToxfF hLjg bM'v / ;Gtfkn] el/G5 / slxNo} k|;Gg / cfglGbt eOFb}g .
k/dfTdfsf] lj:tf/ / pkl:ylt ;j{q 5 . To;}n] k/dfTdf k/d cfgGb cyf{t\ ;lRrbfgGb
xf] . c;n JolQmsf] :jefj afF8\g' xf] / bfg p;sf] hLjgsf] Joj:yf xf] . o:tf] JolQm hxfF hfG5
ToxfF :ju{ lgdf{0f ul/lbG5 . of] sfd, qmf]w / nf]en] el/Psf] JolQm ;bf v'lDrG5, p;nfO{
cwf]ulttkm{ n}hfG5 / p;sf] hLjg gs{ aG5 . To;}n] o;nfO{ TofUg'k5{ lsgeg] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
x] ch{'g Û of] tLg gs{sf] åf/af6 d'Qm ePsf] k'?ifn] dfq sNof0fsf] cfr/0f u5{ / o;af6 pm
k/dultnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 cyf{t\ dnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 . of] tLgaf6 d'Qm ePsf] k'?ifn] dfq c¿sf] lxt
x'g] sfo{ ub{5 / hlt c¿sf] lxt / dª\unsf] sfd ul/G5, Tolt g} cfˆgf] dª\un x'G5 .
sNof0f / dª\unsf] cy{ c¿sf] ;'v xf] . c¿sf] ;'vnfO{ ;f]Rg dfq yfNof+}“ eg] o;af6
dª\un kmlnt x'G5 . dxfjL/n] ltdL h;/L afFRg / ;'vL x'g rfxG5f}, To;/L g} ;a} afFRg / ;'v
kfpg rfxG5g\ . To;}n] h] cfˆgf] nflu rfxgf u5f}{, Tof] ;a}sf nflu rfxgf u/ eGg'ePsf] 5 .
cfkm"leq / csf]{ JolQmleq klg Pp6} r]tgfsf] km}nfj6sf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;Sg' g} sNof0f xf] . olb d
c¿sf] ;'v rfxG5' eg] j:t'tM Tof] d cfˆgf] hLjgsf] cfwf/ /fVb} x'G5' / olb c¿nfO{ b'v lbg]
tof/L ub}{ 5' eg] Tof] cfkm+}“nfO{ b'v lbg] tof/L xf] eGg] af]w o:tf] JolQmdf x'G5 . Psk6s
JolQmnfO{ o; hut\df ;a} ;+o'Qm 5 / v08df afFl8Psf] 5}g eGg] yfxf eof] eg] dfq hLjgsf]
k/d lgod yfxf x'G5 . h'g xfjfaf6 c¿ Zjf; lnG5g\, d klg ToxL xfjfaf6 Zjf; lnO/x]sf] 5' .
To;}n] xfdL hf]l8Psf 5f}+“ / of] ;+o'Qmtfsf] efjn] dfq hLjgdf sNof0f kmlnt x'G5 . hf] JolQm
sfd, qmf]w / nf]en] el/Psf] x'G5 p;df ;+o'Qmtfsf] efj pTkGg x'Fb}g . ;a} ;+o'Qm 5f}+“, afFl8Psf
5}gf}+“ eGg] af]w eof] eg] dfq hLjgsf k/d lgodsf] 1ft x'G5 .
hf] k'?if zf:qsf] ljlw Tofu]/ cfˆgf] OR5fn] rNb5, pm g l;l4nfO{ g t k/d ultnfO{ g t
;'vnfO{ g} k|fKt x'G5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . ;gftgaf6 hfGg] JolQmx¿sf] :j–cg'ejaf6 hfg]/
lgsflnPsf] lgrf]8 / ;f/ g} zf:q xf] . o;df Ps xf]Og w]/} JolQmx¿sf] cg'ej / a'l4 ;ª\u|lxt
x'G5 . j]b, pklgifb\ s'g} Ps JolQmljz]ifsf jrg xf]Ogg\ . cgGt Clifx¿n] hfg]sf cg'ej ltgdf
;ª\u|lxt 5g\ . s;n] hfg]/ n]v]sf] eGg klg ;lsGg lsgeg] tL JolQmx¿ x/fO;s]sf 5g\ /
pgLx¿sf] l7s klxrfg 5}g t/ s]jn ;To dfq ToxfF ar]sf] 5 . k|frLg ;dodf hfGg] JolQmx¿sf]
jrg g} zf:q lyof] . jrgn] el/Psf oL zf:qnfO{ h;n] TofU5, p;nfO{ l;l4 k|fKt x'Fb}g lsgeg]
Pp6f JolQmsf] a'l4 / cg'ej kof{Kt x'Fb}g . cfˆgf] cg'ejaf6 dfq hf] rNg vf]H5, p;nfO{
;To;Dd k'Ug cgGt ;do nfUg ;S5 / af6f] la/fpg klg ;S5 t/ hfu[t k'?ifsf] jrgsf] ;xf/f
lnP/ hf] rN5 p;sf] uGtJo;Dd k'Ug] dfu{ 5f]6f] x'G5 . zf:qsf] cy{ dfu{lrq / dfu{ vf]Hg] O;f/f
xf] . hf] of] O;f/fnfO{ a'em]/ o;cg';f/ rN5, pm l;l4nfO{ k|fKt x'G5 / hf] zf:qnfO{ TofU5 pm g
l;l4nfO{, g k/d ultnfO{ / g ;'vnfO{ g} k|fKt x'G5 s]jn e6\lsG5 .
cfh sl/a #)) wfld{s ;Dk|bfo 5g\ / oxfF s;} g s;}n] k':ts k|sflzt ug]{ qmd rln g}
/x]sf] 5 . xKtfdf % b]lv & xhf/eGbf a9L k':ts k|sflzt eO/x]sf 5g\ . klxn] hfg]/, hfu]/
cg'ejåf/f n]lvGYof] eg] cfh Tof] Joj:yf g} ;dfKt eO;s]sf] 5 . cfh c¿sf] gSsn u/]/ tyf
;'g]sf] e/df n]Vg] k|rng a9]sf] x'Fbf zf:qeGbf ;b\u'?sf] vf]hL ug{' pko'Qm x'G5 . o;sf] cy{
zf:q pkof]uL 5}g eGg] sbflrt\ xf]Og . of] uGtJodf k'Ug] ofqfdf eg] cjZo ;xof]uL x'g ;S5 .
klxn]sf] o'udf zf:q1åf/f g} zf:q n]lvg] x'Fbf zf:qn] g} ;b\u'?sf] sfd ub{Yof] . t/ cfh olt w]/}
k':ts 5flkG5g\ h;sf] pkof]lutf 1ft x'g klg sl7g x'G5 . zf:q klg ;b\u'?sf dfWodaf6 dfq

nf]suLtf– 634
 cWofo–!^
hfGg ;lsG5 . t;y{ ;To o'udf zf:q, slno'udf u'? eGg] k'/fgf] egfO cfh l7s ;flat ePsf]
5 . hLljt ;b\u'? e]l6of] eg] ToxfF zf:q klg kfOG5 / zf:qsf] cfjZostf klg gkg{ ;S5 .
zf:q hfu[t k'?ifx¿sf] jrg xf] . hLjgsf] Joy{ e6sfp / vf]hlagaf6 aRg hfg]sf] / hfu]sf]
;t\u'?sf] vf]h ug}{k5{ . o:tf] JolQm klxNofpg] Ps dfq pkfo 5 . h'g JolQmsf] ca s'g} vf]h,
k|Zg / kfpg'kg]{ s]xL z]if 5}g eg] To:tf] JolQmsf] ;flGgWo vf]Hg'k5{ . xfd|f nflu ToxL zf:q x'g]
5 . o:tf JolQmåf/f j]b, pklgifb\, afOan, uLtf / s'/fgsf] åf/ klg v'Ng] 5 .
st{Jo / cst{Josf] Joj:yfsf nflu zf:q g} k|df0f xf] eGg] hfg]/ ltdL zf:q ljlwaf6
lgot ul/Psf] sd{nfO{ g} ug{ of]Uo 5f} eg]/ >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5 . ch{'g Iflqo / of]4f x'g,\
To;}n] s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ zf:qsf] s'/f ug{' ePsf] xf] lsgeg] To; ;dodf zf:qn] sd{ to u/]sf]
lyof] . To; ;do ;dfhnfO{ s'zntfk"j{s rf/ efudf ljeflht ul/Psf] lyof] h'g ;gftg wd{sf]
ulx/f] vf]h xf] . uLtf kl5 kfFr xhf/ jif{df w]/} JolQmx¿n] dg'ionfO{ afF8\g] k|of; u/] / slt
k|sf/sf dg'io 5g\ eg]/ hfGg vf]h] t/ ;kmn ePgg\ . s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ k/d jrg pkb]z lbg'
x'Fbfsf ;dodf ;a} Joj:yf / l:ylt z'4 / ;kmf lyof] . o'4df lx+;f x'G5 / dflg;x¿ d5{g,\ To;}n]
of] /fHo kfpg] s'g} cf}lrTo 5}g . o;eGbf /fd|f] ;a} 5f]8]/ ;GGof;L x'g rfxG5' eGg] ch{'gsf] k|Zg
a|fXd0f rl/qsf JolQmsf] k|Zg xf] . pgL a|fXd0fsf] efiff af]Nb} 5g\ . ch{'gdf a|fXd0f u'0f ePsf]
eP s[i0fn] of] uLtf eGg'kg]{ cfjZostf g} /xFb}gYof] t/ ch{'g hGd–hGdb]lv g} Iflqo x'g\, To;}df
pgsf] uxg ;+:sf/ 5 . pgn] :jsd{eGbf leGg sd{sf] cfr/0f ug{ vf]h]sf] x'gfn] uLtfsf] cEo'bo
x'g ;Sof] . ch{'gsf] Iflqo wd{ ;Demfpgsf nflu >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ ltdL zf:qlt/ kms]{/ x]/,
zf:qn] Iflqosf] sd{ s] xf] eg]sf] 5 ;fy} ltdL Iflqo eP/ g} l;l4nfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;S5f} eGg'ePsf]
xf] .
Iflqo slxNf] sf] d5{ sf] db}{g eg]/ ;f]Rb}g, g pm eljiodf s] x'G5 eg]/ g} ;f]Rb5 . pm
s]jn n8\g hfGb5 / n8\g' g} p;sf] Wofg xf] . pm o'4df lge{o eP/ Wofg:y x'G5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0f
ch{'gnfO{ eGb} x'g'x'G5– o'4nfO{ gf6s ;Dem / ltd|f] lzIff–bLIff / ;+:sf/nfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ zf:qn]
eg]adf]lhd rn]/ cfˆgf] st{Jo k"/f u/ . of] lrGtf ltdLnfO{ zf]ef lbFb}g . ltdL ;+zodf k¥of} eg]
cfˆgf] wd{af6 Ro't x'g] 5f} clg ltdLnfO{ o:tf] l:yltdf k'gM k|fKt x'g cgGt hGd nfUg] 5 t/ of]
o'4sf] If0fdf clxn] g} ltdL d'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5f}, s]jn ltdL stf{sf] efj 5f]l8b]pm lsgeg] Iflqo
ToxL xf] hf] stf{ x'Fb}g . hfkfgdf ;fd'/fO{ n8fs' Iflqox¿sf] ;d"x 5 . cg]s lkF9Laf6 ;fd'/fO{
tof/ ul/G5 lsgeg] of] x'g' cToGt sl7g sfo{ xf] . a'af ;fd'/fO{ eP 5f]/f ;fd'/fO{ x'g kfpF5 .
p;sf] Pp6} nIo x'G5, ha pm o'4df plqG5 ta s]jn p;sf] t/jf/ rN5 t/ rnfpg] JolQm
/xFb}g . pgLx¿ t/jf/ k/dfTdfsf] xftdf 5 p;}n] rnfpF5 eGg] wf/0ff / efj /fV5g\ . ;fd'/fO{
s]jn lgldQ dfq x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltd|f nflu st{Jo / cst{Josf] Joj:yf ;DaGwdf zf:q g} k|df0f 5 .
o:tf] hfg]/ ltdL zf:qljlwn] lgot u/]sf] sd{ u/ lsgeg] ltdL To;sf nflu of]Uo 5f} . s[i0fn]
of] st{Jo / cst{Josf] JofVof ug{'ePsf] xf] . s] ug{ / s] gug{ of]Uo 5, hLjgdf s] arfpg' k5{ /
s] TofUg'k5{, s'g gs{sf] åf/ xf] / s;/L Tof] åf/ aGb ePdf dfq df]Ifsf] åf/ v'N5 eg]/ >Ls[i0fn]
oxfF eGg'ePsf] 5 . uLtfdf >Ls[i0fn] ;a} ;"qx¿ eGg'ePsf] 5 . hlt k|sf/sf dg'iox¿ 5g\
ltgLx¿nfO{ nfu' x'g] ;f/f ;"q eGg'ePsf] 5 . To;}n] uLtf olt nfdf] ;+jfb eof] . ch{'gsf]
axfgfdf >Ls[i0fn] ;d:t dfgj hfltnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{'ePsf] 5 . To;}n] x/]s cWofodf xfd|f nflu
elgPsf jrgx¿ 5g\ . uLtfdf ;d:t k|Zgsf pQ/x¿ l:yt 5g\ .

nf]suLtf– 635
cWofo–!^
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujtuLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] b}jf;'/;Dklåefuof]uf] gfd
iff]8˜zf]˜WofoM ..!^..

nf]suLtf– 636
 cWofo–!^

nf]suLtf– 637
cWofo–!^

nf]suLtf– 638
 cWofo–!&
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
;qf}+ cWofo
>4fqoljefuof]uM

ch{'g pjfh
o] zf:qljlwd'T;[Ho ohGt] >4oflGjtfM .
t]iff+ lgi7f t' sf s[i0f ;Œjdfxf] /h:tdM ..!..
ch{g'n] eg]– x] s[i0f Û hf] dg'io zf:qljlwnfO{ Tofu]/ >4fn] o'Qm eO{ b]jflbsf] k"hg ub{5
p;sf] l:ylt ;flŒjs, /fh;L jf tfd;L s'g xf] <
>Leujfg'jfr
lqlawf ejlt >4f b]lxgf+ ;f :jefjhf .
;flŒjsL /fh;L r}j tfd;L r]lt tf+ >[0f' ..@..
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]– x] ch{'g Û dg'iosf] Tof] zf:qLo ;+:sf/af6 /lxt s]jn :jefjaf6 pTkGg
ePsf] >4f ;flŒjs, /fh;L tyf tfd;L tLg} k|sf/sf] x'G5 Tof] ltdL daf6 ;'g ..
;Tosf] vf]h ug{sf nflu dg'iosf] hGd ePsf] xf] . oxL vf]h ug{sf nflu xfdL kz'af6
r]tgf lgvfl/P/ dg'io ePsf xf}“ . dg'iodf dfq ceLK;f / lh1f;f x'G5 . ;Tosf] vf]hsf] sf/0fn]
xfdL dg'io ePsf xf}F . t/ dg'io eP klg ;Tosf] vf]h k"/f x'Fb}g, ;'? dfq x'G5 . r]tgzLn /
hfGg] ePkl5 dfq s]xL JolQmx¿ ;Tosf] vf]hdf lg:sG5g\ . o:tf] vf]h ug]{ JolQm jf:tljs dg'io
x'g\, c¿ z]if t dg'io eP klg geP a/fa/ g} x'g\ . of] ofqfsf] dfu{ sl7g 5 t/ hf] ;To;Dd
k'U5g\ ltgLx¿ k/dfTdfnfO{ hfg]/ k/dfTdf g} x'G5g\ . ch{'g ;To vf]Hg] dg'iosf k|tLs x'g\ .
pgsf] k|Zg s'g} s't"xntfjz ;f]lwPsf] k|Zg xf]Og of] t o'4d}bfgdf hLjg bfpdf nfu]sf] a]nf
;f]lwPsf] k|Zg xf] . To;}n] j]b, pklgifb, afOan, s'/fg, wDdkbsf k':stx¿eGbf uLtf cgf}7f],
pTs[i6 / a]hf]8 5 . pklgifb\ Clifx¿n] PsfGtdf lziox¿;Fu zfGt df}g cj:yfdf u/]sf] rrf{ xf]
t/ uLtf o'4sf] d}bfgdf hLjg bfpdf nfu]sf] cj:yfdf hlGdPsf] xf] . hLjg bfpdf gnfuLsg /
ch{'gsf] h:tf] r]tgf geO{sg uLtf a'‰g klg sl7g x'G5 . hLjgaf6 knfog eP/ xf]Og ;ª\3if{ /
;fdgf u/]/ uLtf a'‰g] k|of; u/]df s[i0fsf] pQ/ xfd|f nflu klg nfebfos / ;fy{s x'g] 5 .
dxfef/tsf] o'4 cfkmGtx¿sf lardf ePsf] o'4 ePsfn] ch{'gsf] dgdf åGå / lj/fu
pTkGg ePsf] xf] . pgL efu]/ ;GGof;L eO{ zfGt x'g rfxG5g\ t/ h'g JolQm l:yltnfO{ ;fdgf
gu/Lsg efUg vf]H5, pm Tof] l:ylteGbf dfly p7\g ;Sb}g / euf}8fdf ulgG5 . hLjgn] kf/ x'g
;Sg] Pp6f cj;/ lbG5 t/ To;af6 efu]df k'gM o:tf] cj;/ slxn] kfOG5 eGg ;lsGg . t;y{
>Ls[i0f pgnfO{ efUgaf6 /f]s]/ hfu?s / ;r]t agfpFb}, hLjgn] kf/ x'g lbPsf] cj;/sf] ;b'kof]u
u/fpg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . ;d:of;Fu n8]/ To;nfO{ l;F9L agfpg ;s] xfdL prfOdf :jtM k'Ug
;S5f+}“ . ch{'gnfO{ knfog x'gaf6 /f]s]/ >Ls[i0fn] hut\\nfO{ klxnf] ;GGof;sf] l7s ;Gb]z lbg'ePsf]
5 . clxn]sf] hut\\df euf}8f ;GGof;Lx¿nfO{ afFRg klg sl7g 5 . >Ls[i0fn] eGg'ePsf] h:tf]
;GGof;L hf] efu]/ xf]Og ljk/Lt kl/l:yltdf klg 86]/ ;fdgf ug{ ;S5, pm dfq afFRg ;S5 .
o'4sf] lardf Wofgdf pknAw x'g ;Sg] JolQm g} ;xL ;GGof;L xf] . lxdfnosf] zfGt jftfj/0fdf
hf] sf]xL klg zfGt x'g ;S5 lsgeg] of] lxdfnosf] zflGt xf]Ù JolQmsf] xf]Og . ToxfFaf6 kms]{kl5

nf]suLtf– 639
cWofo–!&
k'gM czflGt¿kL sfd, qmf]w, /fu / å]ifn] 3]5{ h'g p;leq blaP/ a;]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] s[i0f
ch{'gnfO{ efUg glbP/ cgf}7f] ;GGof;L agfpg vf]Hb} x'g'x'G5 . pxfFsf] Joj:yf hl6n 5 t/ a8f]
ax'd"No 5 . To;}n] uLtfdf g} dg'iosf] eljio n's]sf] 5 .
ch{'gsf] lh1f;f hLjg–d/0f bfpdf nfu]sf] a]nf cgf}7f] ¿kdf p7]sf] 5 . ch{'g /ydf
;jf/ lyP / s[i0f pgsf ;f/yL x'g'x'GYof] . xfdL ;a} leq klg ;f/yL 5 t/ xfdLnfO{ To;sf] 1fg
5}g . /y xfd|f] z/L/ xf] / z/L/sf] dflns cxª\sf/ xf] . ljj]s / af]w¿kL ;fIfLefj xfd|f] ;f/yL
xf] . t;y{ xfdLn] klg cfˆgf] ;f/yLnfO{ x/]s sd{ ug{'cl3 ;f]Wg'k5{ . /y xfdL;Fu} 5 / OlG›ox¿
3f]8fsf] ¿kdf bf}l8/x]sf 5g\ ;fy} cxª\sf/ dflns ag]/ dflnSofOF hgfO/x]sf] 5 / of] ;a}sf lar
xfd|f] ;f/yL x/fPsf] 5 . ;f/f Wofg k|lqmof ;f/yL vf]Hgsf nflu ul/g] ljlw xf] . dxfef/tsf] syf
a8f] /f]rs / ld7f] 5 . o'4df s[i0f;Fu ;xfotf dfUgsf nflu ch{'g / b'of]{wg Ps} ;fy k'u] . s[i0f
lj>fd ul//xg'ePsf] lyof] . t;y{ pxfF p7\g] k|tLIffdf ch{'g r/0fsf] 5]pdf / b'of]{wg lz/sf]
5]pdf uP/ a;] . xfd|f c;n v/fa, ;t\–c;t\ ¿k ;b}j ;fy x'G5g\ / b'j}nfO{ zlQm xfdLaf6 g}
k|fKt x'G5 . xfd|f x/]s s[Todf rf]/–;fw', em'6–;To ;fy;fy g} x'G5g\ . ch{'g / b'of]{wg klg log}
b'O{sf k|tLs x'g\ . ch{'g r/0fsf] 5]p / b'of]{wg lz/sf] 5]p a:g'af6} ToxL If0f k"/f dxfef/t lhTg]
/ xfg]{ sfd eof] / uLtfsf] k"/f lg0f{o klg ToxLF 3l6t eof] . To;kl5 uLtfsf] la:tf/ dfq afFsL
/Xof] .
xfdLn] ljgd|tfk"j{s cfˆgf] ;f/yL cyf{t\ ;fIfLnfO{ vf]Hg'k5{ lsgeg] cxª\sf/sf] w'jfFn] ;a}
9flslbG5 / ;fIfLnfO{ x]g{ lbFb}g . b'of]{wg h:tf] cxª\sf/L r/0fsf] 5]pdf a:g} ;Sb}g . cxª\sf/
;w}F lz/sf] glhs x'G5 eg] lg/xª\sf/ r/0fsf] glhs x'G5 t;y{ ch{'g r/0fsf] 5]p a:g'
lg/xª\sf/sf] efj xf] . s[i0f p7\g'eof] / pxfFsf] cfFvf ch{'gdf k¥of] . ;fIfLsf] cfFvf ;b}j ljgd|d}
k5{ . s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ cfpg'sf sf/0f ;f]Wg'eof] . b'of]{wgn] cfkm" klg pkl:yt /x]sf] atfP lsgeg]
cxª\sf/nfO{ ;w“}+ cfˆgf] pkl:ylt atfpg'k5{ . s[i0fn] klxn] ch{'gdf cfFvf k/]sf] x'Fbf cfpg'sf]
sf/0f ch{'gnfO{ klxn] ;f]W5' eGg'eof] . b'of]{wgsf] dg ch{'gn] s] dfU5 eg]/ cfzª\sfn] ql;t
eof] . ch{'gn] eg]– ca o'4 x'g] lglZrt ePsf] x'Fbf d xh'/;Fu ;xfotf dfUg cfPsf] x'F . >Ls[i0fn]
eGg'eof]– ltdLx¿ b'j} ;xfotf dfUg cfPsf 5f} . To;}n] Ps hgfn] d]/f] gf/fo0fL ;]gf / csf]{n]
dnfO{ dfu . of] ;'g]/ ch{'gn] kSs} gf/fo0fL ;]gf dfu unf{g\ eGg] 8/n] b'of]{wg slDkt eP t/
t'?Gt} ch{'gn] s[i0fnfO{ dfu]sf] b]v]/ crlDdt / xif{n] ubub klg eP . Psflt/ ;f/f ;+;f/ /
csf]{tkm{ s[i0f PSn} eP klg >Ls[i0fnfO{ 5fGg' g} ljj]sk"0f{ x'GYof] . æPs ;fw] ;a ;fw] ;a ;fw]
;a hfP .Æ ch{'gn] s[i0fnfO{ 5fg]/ af]w / ;fIfLefj /f]h] / ToxL If0f pgn] o'4 lht] . xfdL h:tf]
JolQmx¿ af]w¿kL ;fIfL g/f]h]/ b'of]{wg h:t} slxn] wg, slxn] 3/, slxn] kb / k|lti7f /f]H5f}F .
k/dfTdf / ;+;f/lar r'gfjsf] l:ylt cfof] eg] xfdL (( k|ltzt ;+;f/ /f]Hb5f}F t/ ch{'gn]
>Ls[i0fnfO{ /f]h]/ wGoefuL eP .
ch{'gn] o; k|;Ëdf ;f]w]– x] s[i0f Û hf] dg'io zf:qljlwnfO{ Tofu]/ s]jn >4faf6 o'Qm eO{
b]jflbsf] k"hg u5{ p;sf] l:ylt ;flŒjsL, /fh;L jf tfd;L s] x'G5 < o; ljifodf k|j]z ug{'cl3
hLjgsf tLgsf] ul0ftnfO{ hfGg' pkof]uL x'G5 . hfg]sf JolQmx¿n] klg JoQm u/]sf s'/fx¿df
ljleGg sfn, ;do, kl/l:yltn] / ljleGg JolQmx¿;Fu af]lnPsf sf/0fn] w]/} s'/fdf e]b / lj/f]w
h:tf] b]lvP klg d"n ;To leGg 5}g . ;To ljzfn 5 / b[li6 a8f] 5'› / ;fgf] 5 . ;a}
kl/l:yltdWo] s[i0fn] JoQm u/]sf] kl/l:ylt o'4d}bfgdf ePsf] x'Fbf of] c¿eGbf leGg / dxŒjk"0f{
5 . of] d"n ;To tLgsf] ul0ft xf] . tLgsf] ul0ftnfO{ lxGb"x¿ lqd"lt{ a|Xdf, lji0f', dx]z

nf]suLtf– 640
 cWofo–!&
k/dfTdfsf tLg ¿k dfGb5g\ . O;fO{ l6«lg6L cyf{t\ k/dfTdf lktf, k/dfTdfsf] k'q lh;; / oL
b'j}sf] lardf kljq cfTdf eG5g\ . of]uLx¿ o;}nfO{ lqs'6L cyf{t\ hxfF tLg ldNb5, ToxfF Pssf]
cg'ej x'G5 eGb5g\ . tflGqsx¿ lqk'l6 hxfF tLg x/fP/ ;dGjo ;flwG5, ToxL k/dsf] k|fb'ef{j
x'G5 eGb5g\ . lxGb", O;fO{, d';ndfg, af}4, h}g ;a}n] tLgs} s'/f eg]sf 5g\ t/ tLgsf] ;jf{lws
ulx/f] rrf{ ;fª\Von] u/]sf] 5 . tLgsf] /x:osf] vf]h klg klxn] ;fª\Von] g} u/]sf] xf] . hLjgsf]
ul0ftsf] k|frLg vf]h ;fª\Von] u/]sf] x'gfn] ;fª\Voaf6 g} of] ;ª\Vof ePsf] xf] . ;fª\Von] Psaf6
tLg, tLgaf6 gf} / gf}af6 o;/L g} cgGt lj:tf/ x'G5 / kmls{g] ofqfsf] qmddf cgGtaf6 gf},
gf}af6 36]/ tLg / tLgaf6 k'gM Ps x'G5 eGg] zf:q lgld{Q u/] . ;f/f ;+;f/ g} ;ª\Vofsf] lj:tf/
xf] .
klxn]sf zf:qx¿df /fwfsf] st} pNn]v 5}g . s[i0fn] !^ xhf/ uf]lkgL ;vLsf ;fy afF;'/L
jfbg ub}{ g[To u/]sf], /f;nLnfsf] pNn]v 5 t/ /fwfsf] gfd pNn]v 5}g . oL uf]lkgLx¿dWo] 5fofF
h:tf] lgs6 ePsf] Ps ;fyL -;vL_ eg]/;Dd pNn]v 5 t/ p;sf] gfd lbOPsf] 5}g . ;ft ;o
jif{cl3 crfgs /fwfsf] gfd k|s6 eof] . sljx¿sf k/d /rgfx¿dWo] hob]jsf] …uLt uf]ljGbÚ df
;j{k|yd /fwfsf] k|fb'ef{j eof] . of] /fwf gfd olt ax'd"No eof] ls s[i0fsf] gfd /fwfsf] gfd ljgf
cw'/f] h:tf] eof] . kmn:j¿k s[i0fsf] gfd /fwfkl5 dfq eGg yflnof] / /fwfs[i0f gfd g} k"0f{h:tf]
x'g uof] . ha eQm cToGt glur eP/ k/dfTdfdf Ps x'G5, ta k/dfTdf eQmsf] 5fof x'g
yfN5 . /fwf gfd zf:qdf lyPg / /fwfsf] vf]h of]uLx¿af6 / ;fª\Vosf] cg'ejaf6 lgl:sPsf] zAb
xf] . /fwf zAb wf/f zAbnfO{ pN6f] u/]kl5 aG5 . of]uLx¿sf] vf]hcg';f/ wf/fsf] cy{ alxu{dg xf]
h:tf] uª\uf]qLaf6 uËfsf] wf/f lg:sG5 / ;|f]taf6 k/ hfG5Ù of] cj:yfsf] gfd wf/f xf] t/ ha of]
wf/f k'gM d"ntkm{ cyf{t\ uËf uª\uf]qLtkm{ lkmtf{ x'G5 / cGtd{'vL x'G5, ta o; pN6f] ofqfnfO{ /fwf
elgG5 . ha ! af6 #, # af6 ( / ( af6 cgGt aG5, ta of] wf/f x'G5 / ha cgGtaf6 (, (
af6 # / # af6 ! aG5, ta /fwf x'G5 .
;[li6sf] 9ª\u Psaf6 tLg, tLgaf6 gf} / gf}af6 cgGtsf] x'G5 eGg] ;DaGwdf ;a} 1fgLx¿
;xdt ePsf] kfOG5 . of] ;[li6sf] 9ª\udf tLg klxnf] lj>fd xf] . k|nodf ha ;[li6 v'lDrO{ ofqf
;dfKt eP/ nLg x'G5, ta a|Dxfsf] lbg k"/f eP/ ;[li6sf] cGt /flq cfpFbf klg cflv/L lj>fd
tLg g} x'G5 . klxnf] lj>fd klg tLg x'G5 / cflv/L lj>fd klg tLg g} x'G5 To;}n] lqd"lt{ a8f]
dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . lxGb"x¿sf] lqd"lt{, O;fO{sf] l6«lg6L, dxfjL/sf] lq/Tg, a'4sf] lqz/0f, nfpT;'sf] y|L
6«]h;{ oL ;a} tLgsf g} hf]8 x'g\ lsgeg] ToxL klxnf] / clGtd lj>fd xf] . xfdLx¿ klg ToxLFaf6
;'? x'G5f}“ / ToxL ;dfKt x'G5f}“ lsgeg] Psdf k/dfTdf dfq /xG5, ha;Dd Ps x'G5f}“, ta;Dd
xfdL ;'? g} ePsf x'Fb}gf}“ / ha km]l/ Ps x'G5f}“, ta xfdL /xFb}gf}“ . tLgaf6 cxª\sf/ ;'? x'G5 /
tLgdf g} cxª\sf/ ;dfKt klg x'G5 . of] ;fª\Von] vf]h]sf] tLgsf] ;"q ;Œj, /h / td xf] . oL
tLgaf6 ;f/f cl:tTj ag]sf] 5 eGg] ;fª\Vosf] dfGotf 5 . of] tLgsf] g} ;f/f v]n xf] eg]/ hfGg]
JolQmn] hLjgsf] s'~hL k|fKt u5{ . dg'ion] rfx]df pm lkmtf{ eP/ Psdf nLg x'g ;S5 . t;y{ of]
tLgsf] :jefj hfGg h?/L 5 .
td cfn:o, cj/f]w, ultxLgtf / /f]sfj6sf] pmhf{ xf] . tdsf] zlQm ePg eg] s'g} j:t'
/f]ls“b}g, rln/xG5 . 9'ª\uf dfly ˆofFSbf ha pmhf{ ;dfKt x'G5, ta tdsf] pmhf{n] Tof] 9'ª\ufnfO{
tn v;fN5 . Go'6gn] h;nfO{ u'?Œjfsif{0f eg]sf 5g\ Tof] tdsf] g} Ps ¿k xf] . td tn tfGg],
emfg]{ pmhf{ xf] . To;}n] gs{df emg{' klg td xf] . lg›f, cfn:o, cfWoflTds cGwf]kg ;a} tds} ¿k
x'g\ . rf]/L ubf{, em'6 af]Nbf xfdL tn cf]ln{G5f“}, Tof] klg td g} xf] . Hofbf td;\\ af]emk"0f{ x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 641
cWofo–!&
o;sf] km}nfj6 z/L/ / 6fpsfdf x'G5 . r]tgfsf] l:yltdf olb xfdL dfly p7\g ;s]gf}“ eg] Tof]
tdsf] af]emsf] sf/0fn] g} xf] . ;dflwdf k'u]sf] JolQm xNsf eP/ dfly p7]sf] / p8]sf] cg'ej
ub{5g\ . To:t} olb Wofg nfUof] eg] hldgeGbf dfly p8]sf] cg'ej x'G5 lsgeg] o; cj:yfdf
tdsf] zlQm sd x'G5 .
td;\\ h?/L x'G5 lsgeg] td;\\ljgf hLjg rNg ;Sb}g t/ o;sf] klg Pp6f ;Ldf x'G5 .
h'g lbg JolQmn] td;\\sf] lglZrt ;LdfnfO{ hfGb5, Tof] lbg td;\\sf] pkof]u ;'? x'G5 . td;\
xfd|f] cj/f]w geO{ dfly r9\g] l;F9L klg aGg ;S5 . t;y{ of]uLx¿n] td;\\sf] ;Dos\ pkof]u
ub{5g\ . o;sf] ;Dos\ pkof]u u/]df td;\\ ;xof]uL aG5 t/ cltzo ePdf tn emf5{ / aaf{b
ub{5 . /ftL ;'t]/ laxfg l9nf] p7\g] JolQmnfO{ tfd;L elgG5 . tfd;L JolQmx¿ a]xf];Ldf /xg
rfxG5g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿ Hofbf ef]hg u5{g\ / dfbs kbfy{ pkof]u u5{g\ h;n] lg›f nfU5 .
tfd;L JolQmx¿ cfTd3ftL x'G5g\ . j}1flgsx¿ klg dfGb5g\ ls td;\\ljgf hut\\ x'g ;Sb}g .
pgLx¿n] kbfy{df tLg tŒj On]S6«f]g, k|f]6f]g / Go'6«f]g /x]sf] / oLdWo] Ps cj/f]ws xf], cGoyf
k/df0f' lj:kmf]6 x'G5 eGb5g\ .
bf];|f] tŒj /h;\\ xf] hf] pmhf{, ult jf Tj/f xf] . 9'ª\uf dfly ˆofFSgnfO{ rflxg] zlQm / pmhf{
/h;\sf] pmhf{ xf] . cfsfzdf tf/fsf] e|d0f, k[YjLsf] ;"o{ kl/qmdf / laxfg rfF8} p7\g' oL ;a} /h;\
x'g\ . /h;\ pmhf{ tyf Tj/f xf] t/ of] klg clt eof] eg] JolQm dxfŒjfsfª\IfL / cToGt lqmofzLn
x'G5 / g/f]lsO{ uGtJo xfl;n ug{ t]h ultdf bf}l8 g} /xG5 . klZrddf /h;\n] el/Psf JolQmx¿
w]/} 5g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿ Hofbf dxŒjfsfª\IfL, tgfjn] el/Psf / bf}8w'kd} Jo:t x'G5g\ . /h;\
k|wfg JolQm s]xL gu/L r'k / vfnL a:g ;Sb}g / p;sf] /h;\ /ftL klg ;lqmo x'g] x'Fbf af/Daf/
sf]N6] km]l//xG5 . /h;\ w]/} / td;\ sd ePsf JolQmx¿ h:t} r+u]h vfg, t]d'/b n+u, gflb/ zfx,
lx6n/, d';f]lngL, dfcf]T;]t'+u, n]lng, v|':r]e, :6flngx¿df /fhg}lts qmflGtsf] rfxgf cTolws
lyof] / o;}df pgLx¿nfO{ /; k|fKt x'GYof] . hut\\df ;a} pkb|jx¿ /h;\ u'0fwdL{sf sf/0fn] x'G5g\
lsgeg] /h;\ clt ePdf o;n] JolQmnfO{ ljlIfKt t'NofpF5 . ;+;f/df ePsf] pk›f] / qmflGt oxL
clt /h;\af6 kLl8t JolQmsf] Jojxf/sf] kl/0ffdn] ePsf] xf] . o:tf JolQmx¿ hlt wg sdfP klg,
h'g;'s} kb k|fKt eP klg t[Kt x'g ;Sb}gg\ t/ td;\ k|wfg JolQmx¿n] hlt g} xflg u/] klg Tof]
cN5Lkgfn] cfkm"nfO{ dfq xflg k'¥ofpg] xf]≤ pgLx¿n] c¿nfO{ gf]S;fg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . t;y{ tfd;L
JolQm cfTd3ftL x'G5g\ / /fh;L JolQmx¿ ljlIfKt x'G5g\ .
hLjgsf] ;Gt'ngsf nflu /h;\ l7s dfqfdf x'g' h?/L x'G5 . Wofg ug{, ;fIfLnfO{ vf]Hg /
cTofjZos ;a} sfd ug{ /h;\sf] cfjZostf x'G5 cGoyf oL lqmofx¿ ;Dej g} x'Fb}gg\ . td;\ hf]
lj>fd xf] Tof] klg l7s dfqfdf x'g' plQs} h?/L x'G5 . h;df /h;\ / td;\sf] ;Gt'lnt dfqf
pknAw x'G5, p;sf] hLjgdf t];|f] tŒj ;Œjsf] pbo x'G5 . ;Œj ;Gt'ng / k/d z'l4 xf] . leqsf]
;a} ljlIfKttf ;dfKt x'g' g} ;Œj xf] . hxfF cfn:o / bf}8w'k zfGt x'G5 / s'g} klg clt z]if /xFb}g
To; cj:yfdf ;Œj hfU5 . ;Œjn] kl/t[lKt lbg] x'Fbf o;n] ;Gtf]if pTkGg u5{ . ;flŒjstf
noa4tf xf] . ;Œjn] oL tLg} u'0feGbf dfly hfg] åf/ agfpF5 t/ of] ;Œj klg cGt xf]Og s]jn
;Gt'ngsf] bzf dfq xf] . ;Œjdf pknAw JolQm /fu, lj/fu / å]ifaf6 6f9f eO{ Ps uxg zflGtdf
x'G5 . hLjgdf ;Œj, /h / td tLg} u'0fdf JolQm ;d ePdf Ps km8\sf]df oL tLg} u'0fx¿af6 kf/
eP/ Psdf k'Ug ;lsG5 h;nfO{ u'0fftLt elgG5 .
td;\af6 klg Psdf k'Ug ;lsg] pbfx/0f jflNdsL, cª\u'nLdfn, nfpT;'h:tf JolQmx¿ 5g\
t/ of] ofqf cToGt} sl7g 5 lsgeg] td;\df cfn:o / cGwsf/n] dgnfO{ 3]/]sf] x'G5 . /h;\df of]

nf]suLtf– 642
 cWofo–!&
Psdf k'Ug] ofqf tddf eGbf sd sl7g x'G5 . t/ /h;\ g/f]lsg] u'0f ePsfn] o;af6 klg ofqf
ug{ sl7g x'G5 . ;fª\Vosf] Ps /f]rs syf 5– Pp6f hª\undf cfuf] nfU5 . ToxfF cGwf] / nFu8f]
u/L b'O{ JolQm x'G5g\ . nFu8fnfO{ cGwfn] cfˆgf] lk7\o'Fdf af]S5 / nFu8fn] dfu{ atfpF5 h;sf]
sf/0f pgLx¿ cfuf]af6 kf/ x'G5g\ . oxfF nFu8f] tdsf] / cGwf] /hsf] k|tLs xf] . h'g If0f /h;\sf]
lk7\oF'df td;\ a:5 cyf{t\ ;Gt'lnt x'G5, ToxL no afFlwG5 / ;Œjsf] ofqf ;'? x'G5 . ;Œjaf6 Tof]
Ps d"n pb\uddf ofqf ug{ ;'ud x'G5 .
ch{'gn] s[i0fnfO{ ;f]w]– >4faf6 o'Qm JolQmdf ;flŒjs, /fh;L jf tfd;L s'g u'0f x'G5, /
k|ltpQ/df >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– dg'iosf] :jefjaf6 pTkGg x'g] >4f, ;flŒjsL, /fh;L / tfd;L tLg}
k|sf/sf] x'G5 . >4f ;flŒjs JolQmsf] dfq x'G5 eGg] xfd|f] ;f]rfO 5 t/ >4fsf klg tLg k|sf/
x'G5g\ . td;\df el/Psf] JolQmsf] k|fy{gf / k/dfTdfk|ltsf] e/f];fdf klg cfkm"n] s]xL ug{' gk/f];\
eGg] efj x'G5 . ;a} k/dfTdfsf] xftdf 5≤ xfdLn] ug{ rfx]/ s]xL x'Fb}g eg]/ pm 1fgL h:tf] s'/f
ub{5 . o:tf] JolQm efUodf >4fsf] s'/f u5{ . h] x'g' 5, Tof] geO{ 5f]8\b}g eg]/ k/dfTdfsf] cf8df
td;\nfO{ n'sfpg vf]H5 . pm ;bf lbSbf/ / ylst b]lvG5 . pm leq jf;gfx¿, dxŒjfsfª\Iffx¿
lglxt x'G5g\ t/ r'gf}tL ;fdgf ug]{ lxDdtsf] sdLnfO{ gb]vfO{ cfkm" ;Gtf]ifL ePsf] hgfpg rfxG5 .
tfd;L JolQmsf] ;+;u{df cGo JolQmdf klg tfd;L j[lQ a9]sf] cg'e"lt x'G5 lsgeg] tfd;L
JolQmn] c¿sf] zlQmnfO{ r':g ;S5 .
/fh;L JolQmn] cfˆgf] zlQmnfO{ afF8\5 . /fh;L JolQmsf] ;+;u{df ePsf JolQmsf]
dxŒjfsfª\Iff a9]/ hfG5 lsgeg] /fh;L JolQm Tj/fn] el/Psf] x'G5 / ToxL Tj/f p;n] c¿nfO{
klg AffF8\5 . ;flŒjs JolQmn] g s]xL lbG5 g t lnG5 . ;flŒjs JolQmsf] pkl:ylt g} Pp6f
¿kfGt/0f aGg yfN5 . t;y{ p;sf] 5fofFdf a;]/ JolQm cfkm" h] xf], Tof] hfGg ;'? u5{ / zfGt x'g
yfN5 . ;Œjn] lghtf / :jtGqtf lbg'sf ;fy} leqsf] ;fd~h:o pTkGg u/fpg ;xof]u u5{ .
;flŒjs JolQm pkb]z / cfb]z xf]Og, cflzif xf] . klxn]sf] k/Dk/fdf dxfTdf;Fu s]jn cfzLjf{b
dfUg uOGYof] . dxfTdfsf] cfzLjf{bn] ¿kfGt/0f 3l6t eP/ JolQm ;ŒjnfO{ pknAw x'GYof], hxfFaf6
Tof] prfOdf k'u]/ Psdf km8\sf] dfg{ ;/n x'GYof] .
tfd;L JolQmsf] >4f cfn:osf] x'G5 / /fh;L JolQmsf] >4f /fh;sf] x'G5 . pm cfˆgf]
/fh;LkgnfO{ g} cfˆgf] >4f agfpF5 / sd{of]u pQd eGb5 . nf]sdfGo ltnsn] uLtfsf] /x:o
d08nfsf] h]ndf sf]Onfsf] 6'qmfn] leQfdf n]Vg ;'? ug{'ePsf] xf] . of] /fh;L JolQmåf/f n]lvPsf]
lstfa xf] / o;sf] 7'nf] k|efj eof] lsgeg] uLtfdf nf]sdfGon] g} sd{of]u dfq uLtfsf] k|ltkfB xf]
eGg] l;4 ug{'eof] . pxfFn] cfkm"nfO{ g} uLtfdf k9\g'eof] lsgeg] pxfF /fh;L JolQm /fhg]tf
x'g'x'GYof] . oxL 6Lsfaf6 dxfTdf ufGwL / ljgf]jf efj] h:tf JolQmx¿ k|efljt x'g'eof] / Tof]
uLtf/x:o ef/tsf] %) jif{sf] Oltxf; aGof] lsgeg] ufGwLn] klg sd{of]u g} jf:tljs of]u xf]
eGg'eof] . ;]jf u/, ;dfh ;'wf/ u/, c:ktfn agfpm, ul/anfO{ e"bfg u/ nufotsf dfGotfx¿
;a} uLtf /x:oaf6 ;"qkft ePsf x'g\ .
;flŒjs JolQm ;]jfd'vL geO{ >4f / zflGtn] o'Qm x'G5 t/ ;]jf p;sf] oxL zflGtaf6
lg:sG5 . pm sd{ ug{ ljlIfKt x'Fb}g lsgeg] sd{ p;sf nflu hLjg pmhf{sf] v]n dfq x'G5 .
;flŒjs JolQm leq cv08 ¿kdf zfGt x'G5 . To;}n] hLjgn] h] u/fpF5, pm ToxL u5{ . sd{ /
lj>fd b'j} u/] klg p;leqsf] noa4tf eg] sfod /xG5 . ;flŒjs JolQmsf] >4f leqsf] r}tGosf]
z'4tf kfpg'df x'G5 . t;y{ hLjgn] p;nfO{ hxfF n}hfG5, Tof] p;nfO{ :jLsfo{ x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 643
cWofo–!&
;Œjfg'¿kf ;j{:o >4f ejlt ef/t .
>4fdof]˜o+ k'?iff] of] oR5«4M ; Pj ;M ..#..
x] ef/t Û ;a} dg'iox¿sf] >4f pgLx¿sf] cGt:s/0fsf] cg's"n x'G5 tyf h;sf] h:tf] >4f
5 p;sf] :j¿k To:t} x'G5 ..
ohGt] ;flŒjsf b]jfGoIf/Iff+l; /fh;fM .
k|]tfGe"tu0ff+ZrfGo] ohGt] tfd;f hgfM ..$..
;flŒjs k'?if b]jtfx¿nfO{ k'Hb5g\, /fh; k'?if oIf / /fIf;nfO{ k'H5g\ tyf tfd; k'?if k|]t
/ e"tu0fx¿nfO{ k'Hb5g\ ..
dg'iosf] >4f p;sf] cGt:s/0fcg'¿k x'G5 . td;\n] el/Psf] cGt:s/0fdf ;flŒjs >4f
x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] >4f xfd|f] cGt:s/0fsf] e"lddf knfpF5 . t;y{ xfd|f] cGt:s/0f cg'¿k g} >4f
x'G5 . ;flŒjs k'?ifx¿ b]jx¿nfO{ k'Hb5g\, /fh; k'?if oIf / /fIf;nfO{ k'Hb5g\ / tfd; k'?ifx¿
k|]t / e"tu0fx¿nfO{ k'Hb5g\ . z'4 tfd;L, z'4 /fh;L of z'4 ;flŒjsL j[lQ dfq ePsf] s'g} klg
JolQm x'g ;Sb}g . oL tLg} u'0fsf] hf]8 k|To]s JolQmdf x'G5 . s;}nfO{ tfd;L, /fh;L of ;flŒjsL
eGg'sf] cy{ p;df Tof] u'0f k|z:t 5 / c¿ b'O{ u'0f Go"g 5g\ eGg] xf] t/ tLg} u'0fsf] pkl:ylt
eg] clgjfo{ x'G5 . sf]xL klg k"0f{ /fh;L, tfd;L jf ;flŒjsL x'g ;Sb}g . z'4td JolQmdf klg
hLjg jf z/L/ /x'Gh]n tLg} u'0f /xG5g\ . a'4 h:tf] JolQmdf klg z/L/ g5'6];Dd td;\ u'0f
cNkdfqfdf g} eP klg /xG5 . t;y{ Af'4n] b'O{ lgjf{0fsf] cj:yf eGg'ePsf] xf], klxnf] lgjf{0fdf
;dflw pknAw eP klg tLg u'0f afFsL /xg] x'Fbf Tof] k"0f{ lgjf{0f xf]Og o;df k'?if (( k|ltzt
d'Qm x'G5 t/ z/L/ ;dfKt x'g dfqf afFsL x'G5 . bf];|f] lgjf{0f z/L/ ;dfKt eO{ d[To' 3l6t
ePkl5sf] cj:yfnfO{ a'4 dxfkl/lgjf{0f eGg'x'G5, To;a]nf dxf;dflw 3l6t eO{ hLjg d'Qm eO{
JolQm df]Ifdf pknAw x'G5 .
/h;\n] el/Psf] JolQmdf klg cGo b'O{ u'0f l:yt x'g] x'Fbf p;sf] d'lQmsf] ;Defjgf td;\n]
el/Psf] JolQmeGbf a9L x'G5 . k|To]s JolQmdf oL tLg} u'0f x'g] x'gfn] ;a}sf] d'lQmsf] ;Defjgf x'G5
lsgeg] oL tLg} u'0f Psaf6 csf]{df hfg ;S5g\ ;fy} oL tLg} u'0fsf] cg'kft ;b}j l:y/ x'Fb}g .
/fqLdf td;\ a9\5, lbpF;f] /h;\ a9\5 eg] ;fFemkv ;Œj a9\5 . o;} sf/0f ;gftgLx¿
;GWofsfnnfO{ k|fy{gfsf nflu pko'Qm ;do dfGb5g\ . laxfgkv /flq ;dfKt eO;s]sf] / ;"o{
pbfO g;s]sf] cj:yfdf leqsf] td;\ u'0f v'lDrg yfN5 . To;}n] of] ;donfO{ a|fXdd'x"t{ elgG5 .
a|fXdd'x"t{ /h;\ ;''? eOg;s]sf] cj:yf xf] . td;\ uO;s]sf] t/ /h;\ ;'? geO;s]sf] dWosf] of]
;fgf] 38L g} ;GWof xf] . t;y{ ;gftgLx¿ b'O{ ;GWofdf ljZjf; ub{5g\ . o; 38Ldf ;Œjsf]
lqmofzLntf a9L x'gfn] o; If0fnfO{ Wofgdf nufpg' pko'Qm x'G5 lsgeg] ;Œjaf6 lgld{Q Wofg
b"/ufdL x'G5 . hlt ;"o{ r9\b} hfG5, /h;\ u'0fn] cfˆgf] km}nfj6 Tolt g} a9fpFb} hfG5 .
;GWofsf] cy{ larsf] sfn, dWo 38L xf] hxfF ;Œjsf] k|efj Hofbf x'G5 . ;fFemdf ;"o{ 8'a]sf]
/ /flq cfpg nfu]sf] x'gfn] /h;\sf] dfqf sd x'G5 . ToxL dWosf] ;fgf] sfnnfO{ ;GWofsfn
elgG5 . of] dWosf] sfndf ha b'O{ tŒjsf] ;fgf] ;lGw x'G5, ta Tof] ;Œjsf] If0f x'G5 . ;Œjsf]
dfqf sd ePsf] JolQmn] klg o:tf] cj:yfsf] pkof]u u/]df a|fXdd'x"t{sf] pkof]u u/]sf] 7x5{ .
;gftgLx¿ k|fy{gf ug{'nfO{ ;GWofjGbg u/]sf] eGb5g\ . ;a} wd{n] oxL dWosfnnfO{ k|fy{gfsf nflu
5fg]sf 5g\ . xfdLleq rf}la;} 306f u'0fx¿ Ps} cg'kftdf x'Fb}gg\ . a'l4dfg\ JolQmn] cfˆgf]
hLjgz}nL oL u'0fx¿sf] plrt pkof]u ug]{ lsl;dn] to ub{5 .

nf]suLtf– 644
 cWofo–!&
z'esd{ ug{ ;GWofsfn pko'Qm x'G5 eg] cz'e rf]/L, 8s}tL h:tf sd{sf nflu dWo
/flqsfn pko'Qm x'G5 . Pp6} JolQm laxfg k|fy{gfdf, lbpF;f] Jofkf/df / /ftL gfr3/df x'g ;S5
lsgeg] of] ;a} p;leqsf] u'0fsf] kl/jt{gsf sf/0fn] ePsf] xf] . hLjgsf x/]s cj:yfdf of] u'0f
kl/jt{g x'G5 . afnssfn hLjgsf] laxfgL x'gfn] ;Œjsf] cg'kft a9L x'G5 . hjfgL sfndf
cTolws hLjgsf] bf}8 x'gfn] /h;\sf] cg'kft a9L x'G5 eg] a'9];sfndf /h;\ / ;Œj u'0f IfL0f
eP/ td;\sf] cg'kft a9L x'G5 lsgeg] of] lj>fdsf] cyf{t\ d[To'sf] cfudgsf] ;do xf] . d[To' k"0f{
td;\df ljnLg x'g' xf] . aRrf hlGdFbf k"0f{ ;Œjsf] cj:yfdf l;w} k/dfTdf sxfFaf6 cfpg] x'Fbf pm
;'Gb/ / lgbf]{if x'G5 . pm a|fXdd'x"t{ h:tf] x'G5 . pd]/sf] a9f]Q/L;Fu} p;sf] ;'Gb/tf 36\g yfN5 .
ha rf}w jif{sf] x'G5, ta /h;\ a9]/ sfdjf;gfn] ;dfT5 clg ;f/f ;'Gb/tf / lgbf]{iftf ;dfKt
x'G5 . a'9f] JolQm lgbf]{if x'g ;Sb}g . ha s'g} a'9f] JolQm aRrfh:tf] lgbf]{if x'G5, ta hut\\df
Pp6f ck"j{ ;f}Gbo{ 36\5 / p;df ;GtTj kmlnt x'G5 .
hLjgsf] k|ltknsf] kl/l:yltn] u'0fsf] cg'kft ablnG5 . s;}n] z'e ;dfrf/ lbPdf cj:yf
kl/jt{g eP/ /h;\ a9\5 / b'vsf] ;dfrf/n] lbSbf/L a9fpF5 / td;\ a9\5 . hf] JolQm cfˆgf]
cg'kftnfO{ kl/l:ylt, ;dosf] wf/f / hLjgsf] cj:yfaf6 k|efljt x'g lbFb}g, ToxL JolQm ;fws xf] .
;fwgf cToGt sl7g x'G5 t;y{ hLjgsf] ultnfO{ lg/LIf0f u/]/ ;f]xLcg'¿k ablng'k5{ . tLg}
u'0fsf] dfqfnfO{ ;dfg u/fpg] k|oTg ug{'k5{ . cf7 306f lj>fdsf nflu, cf7 306f ultsf nflu /
cf7 306f k"hf k|fy{gf / Wofgsf nflu cg'kft ldnfP/ afF8]df la:tf/} of] cg'kft l:y/ x'G5 / oxL
l:y/tf ;Œjsf] pknlAw xf], h;af6 JolQm u'0fx¿sf] kf/ x'g ;S5 . cltzo Pp6f u'0fdf a:bf
kmfObf eGbf xflg w]/} x'G5 . s'g} JolQm klg rf}la; 306f ;'Tg of bf}8fw'k ug{ of k|fy{gf jf Wofg
ug{ ;Sb}g .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ef/t Û ;a} dg'iox¿sf] >4f pgLx¿sf] cGt:s/0fsf] cg'¿k x'G5 .
JolQm h:tf] >4fdo x'G5, pm :jod\ To:t} x'G5 . xfd|f] >4f xfdL :jod\ g} xf}+ . xfd|f] >4f olb
td;\, cfn:osf] 5 eg] xfd|f] hLjg cfn:on] el/Psf] x'G5 . olb xfd|f] >4f /h;\, dxŒjfsfª\Iff /
bf}8sf] 5 eg] xfd|f] hLjg Pp6f bf}8w'k x'G5 / olb xfd|f] >4f ;Œj, zflGt, z"Go / z'esf] 5 eg]
xfd|f] hLjgdf :ju{sf] ;'jf; x'G5 . xfdLn] cfˆgf] >4fnfO{ /fd|/L hfGg'k5{, cGoyf b'vsf] efuL
eOG5 . JolQm cN5L 5 t/ p;sf] dxŒjfsfª\Iff /fh;L 5 eg] Tof] JolQm b'vL dfq x'G5 . To:t}
/fh;L JolQmn] zflGtsf] OR5f u/]df Tof] k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g . dg'iox¿ /fh;LnfO{ k|fKt x'g] h:tf]
;'v, ;flŒjsLnfO{ k|fKt x'g] h:tf] zflGt / tfd;LnfO{ k|fKt x'g] h:tf] lj>fd rfxG5g\, hf] ;Dej
x'Fb}gÙ To;}n] c;kmn x'G5g\ . leqL r}tGonfO{ /fd|/L lrGg'k5{ lsgeg] ToxL xfd|f] hLjg xf] . hf]
k'?if h:tf] >4fjfg\ x'G5, pm :jod\ klg To:t} x'G5 . tLg u'0fsf] ;+of]u ePdf t[lKt kmlnt x'G5
;fy} tLg u'0fsf] ;+of]uaf6 ha Pssf] k|tLlt x'g yfN5, ta oxL ;+of]un] u'0fftLttkm{ la:tf/}
n}hfG5 .
>Ls'i0f eGg'x'G5– ;flŒjsL JolQmx¿ b]jtfnfO{ k'Hb5g\ . pgLx¿sf] dgsf] k"hf ;Tolt/
x'G5 . pgLx¿ b]j cyf{t\ lbJotfnfO{ k'Hb5g\ . lbJotfsf] cy{ tLg} u'0fsf] Pstfsf] ;ª\uLt xf] .
;Œjsf] >4f ePsf] JolQmnfO{ lbJotfsf] bz{g x'G5 . h;sf] hLjgdf ;Gt'ng cfP/ d'lQmsf]
lsgf/fdf x'G5g\, pgLx¿ b]jtft'No x'G5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– /fh; >4f ePsf] JolQmn] oIf /
/fIf;x¿nfO{ k'H5g\ . h;sf] hLjgdf /fh; k|uf9 t/ td;\ / ;Œj ba]/ /x]sf] x'G5, Tof] JolQm
/fIf; xf] . /fh; JolQm zlQmsf] cyf{t\ h;;Fu wg / kb 5 p;sf] k"hf ub{5 . s'a]/;Fu ;a}eGbf
a9L wg 5 / pgL oIf x'g\ . /fh; JolQm zlQm, kb / wgsf] k"hf u5{g≤\ t;y{ pgLx¿ /fIf; /

nf]suLtf– 645
cWofo–!&
oIfsf] k"hf ub{5g\ . pgLx¿n] b]jtfsf] k"hf klg ToxL cfsfª\Iffn] ub{5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5–
tfd; k'?if k|]t / e"tu0fnfO{ k"hf ub{5g\ . t];|f] ju{ tfd;n] el/Psf JolQm cfn:o cvl08t xf];\
/ s;}n] pgLx¿nfO{ p7fpg] k|of; gu¿g\ eGg] cfsfª\Iffn] e"t k|]tu0fnfO{ k'Hb5g\ . pgLx¿
d"R5f{, cN5Lkgf, lg›f / k|dfbdf 8'la/xg rfxG5g\ . e"t, k|]t hf] cfkm" klg td;\ k|wfg 5g\
pgLx¿ tfd;L JolQmsf] cfsfª\Iff k"lt{ ul//xG5g\ .
czf:qljlxt+ 3f]/+ tKoGt] o] tkf] hgfM .
bDefxÍf/;+o'QmfM sfd/fuanflGjtfM ..%..
x] ch{'g Û sltko dg'io zf:qljlwaf6 /lxt s]jn dgf]slNkt 3f]/ tknfO{ tKb5g\ tyf bDe
/ cxª\sf/n] o'Qm sfdgf, cf;lQm / ansf] cledfgaf6 o'Qm 5g\ ..
sif{oGtM z/L/:y+ e"tu|fddr]t;M .
df+ r}jfGtMz/L/:y+ tflGj4Øf;'/lgZrofg\ ..^..
hf] z/L/ ¿kaf6 l:yt k|f0fL ;d'bfonfO{ / cGt:s/0fdf l:yt ‘d’ cGtof{dLnfO{ klg sdhf]/
jf lgwf]{ 7fGg]jfnf 5g\ tL c1fgLx¿nfO{ ltdL cf;'/L :jefjjfnf hfg ..
;Œj u'0fL JolQmn] zf:q / u'?nfO{ 5f]8\b}gg\ s]jn ks8 dfq 5f]8\b5g\ / ha ks8
5f]8\5g\, ta zf:q / u'? b'j} p;sf nflu ;xof]uL x'G5g\ . ks8 /fv]df xfdL df]x / cf;lQmn]
el/G5f+}“ lsgeg] ks8 /fv]df d]/f] eGg] efjsf] k|fb'ef{j x'G5 . ;Œj u'0fL JolQmn] d]/f]kg 5f]8\5 .
/hf]u'0fL JolQm ksl8g' Joy{ xf] eGg] ;'g]/ zf:q g} ˆofFlslbG5 . tdf]u'0fL JolQm t emg\ d"R5f{, lg›f
/ tG›fsf] cj:yfdf /xg] x'Fbf zf:qljlwk|lt pT;'s g} x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f cf;'/L :jefjjfnf tfd;L
JolQmaf/] eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û hf] dg'io zf:qljlw/lxt dgf]slNkt 3f]/ tknfO{ tK5g\ tyf bDe /
cxª\sf/n] o'Qm sfdgf, cf;lQm / ansf] cledfgaf6 o'Qm 5g\, To:tf JolQm cf;'/L k|j[lQsf
x'G5g\ . zf:q eg]sf] zf:tfx¿sf] jrg xf] . o:tf zf:tfx¿n] jrg / cg'zf;g lbP/ lxF8\g] dfu{
atfpg'sf ;fy} c¿ ofqLx¿sf] dfu{df ;'udtf xf];\ eg]/ ;"rgf pknAw u/fPsf x'g\ .
a'4, dxfjL/nfO{ zf:tf / pxfFx¿sf jrgnfO{ zf:q elgG5 . pxfFx¿af6 af]lnPsf] s'/f
cg'zf;g xf] . hfGg] JolQmsf] jrgsf] ;ª\u|x zf:q xf] . zf:q ;Tosf] vf]hLdf lxF8\g] JolQmx¿sf]
nflu Joj:yf / cg'zf;g xf] . ;fy} ;To / c;Tosf] af6f]df x'g ;Sg] e8\sfpaf6 aRg] pkfosf]
;ª\s]t klg xf] . o;nfO{ xf];k"j{s hfGg] r]i6f u/]df o;af6 7'nf] /x:o p¢fl6t x'g] 5 . c1fgL
cfkm"eGbf 1fgL csf]{ b]Vb}g / cxª\sf/ / k|dfbdf /xG5 t;y{ pm zf:q dfGg tof/ x'Fb}g . c1fgLn]
zf:qnfO{ ;'Gb}g / To;sf] ;ª\s]t dfGb}g . zf:qdf Tof] cghfgnfO{ kfpg] af6fsf] ;DaGwdf
;lhnf dfu{x¿ elgPsf x'G5g\ . o;sf] cg';/0f u/]/ ofqfdf uP dfu{ ;lhnf] x'g] 5 t/ c1fgL
zf:qnfO{ gdfgL cfkm}F dgf]slNkt ;fwgf ub{5 . a'4n] eGg'ePsf] 5– dfu{ t d eGg ;S5' t/
lxF8\g' t :jod\n] g} k5{ . xfd|f] ;ª\s]tnfO{ a'em]/ cfˆgf] r]tgfsf] af]waf6 lxF8\g'k5{ / olb ltdLn]
xfd|f] ;ª\s]tnfO{ hfGg vf]Hof} eg] ltdL Tof] e'naf6 aRg] 5fF} hf] e'n xfdLn] u¥of“}+ . zf:qn]
;To;Dd k'¥ofpg g;s] klg w]/} c;Tox¿af6 arfpg ;S5 . o;n] e'n ug{af6 arfpg] x'Fbf
zf:qsf] d"No x'G5 .
c1fgL cxª\sf/, bDe, sfdgf, cf;lQm / anaf6 o'Qm x'G5Ù t;y{ s;}sf] ;Nnfx lng
p;sf] cxª\sf/n] :jLs[lt lbFb}g . To;}n] pgLx¿ dgf]slNkt tk ub{5g\ . /fh;L, tfd;L /
;flŒjsL tLg} u'0fsf JolQmx¿df cxª\sf/ lglxt x'G5 t/ cxª\sf/sf] k|s[lt km/s x'G5 . tfd;L
JolQmsf] cxª\sf/ ;'t]sf], /fh;L JolQmsf] cxª\sf/ uTofTds / ;flŒjs JolQmsf] cxª\sf/ ;"Id /

nf]suLtf– 646
 cWofo–!&
hfu]sf] x'G5 . tfd;L JolQm u'? / zf:qsf] s'/f ;'g]/ klg s]jn cxª\sf/sf] s'/f dfq ;'Gb5 . tLg}
u'0faf6 z"Go ePdf dfq cxª\sf/ z]if /xFb}g . hf] z/L/ ¿kdf l:y/ k|f0fL ;d'bfonfO{ /
cGt:s/0fdf l:yt …dÚ cGtof{dLnfO{ klg lgwf]{ 7fG5, o:tf] c1fgLnfO{ cf;'/L :jefjsf] hfg eg]/
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm ;b}j pN6f] sfd dfq u5{ . cxª\sf/ ;b}j c¿ ;Fu geP cfkm}“;Fu
eP klg n8\g rfxG5 . t;y{ dfly plNnlvt cf;'/L k|j[lQsf JolQm z/L/nfO{ b'v lbP/, s'6\g]
lk6\g] u/]/, pkjf; a;]/ cfˆgf] z/L/nfO{ ;tfpF5g\ . ef]uL / TofuL b'j}n] cfˆgf] 9Ën] z/L/nfO{
;tfpF5g\, ;tfpg' klg lx+;f xf] . JolQmx¿ z/L/nfO{ dfq xf]Og, z/L/ leq a;]sf] cGtof{dLnfO{
klg lgwf]{ 7fg]/ ;tfpF5g\ . h'g;'s} cltn] b'v lbG5– h:tf] cltef]hg, cltlj>fd jf clt>dn]
b'v dfq lbG5 . t;y{ dWodf /xL ;Gt'ng sfod u/L lx+;faf6 d'Qm x'g'k5{, ta xfdL cfˆgf] z/L/ /
cGtof{dLnfO{ zfGt ;d/;tf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] 5f}+“ .
cfxf/:Tjlk ;j{:o lqlawf] ejlt lk|oM .
o1:tk:tyf bfg+ t]iff+ e]bldd+ >[0f' ..&..
x] ch{'g Û h:tf] >4f tLg k|sf/sf] x'G5 o:t} ;a}nfO{ cf–cfˆgf] k|s[ltcg';f/ tLg k|sf/s}
ef]hg lk|o x'G5 / To;/L g} o1, tk, bfg klg -;flŒjs, /fh;L / tfd;L_ tLg k|sf/s} x'G5 . oL
k[ys\ k[ys\ e]baf/] ltdL daf6 ;'g ..
>Ls[i0f >4fsf] cy{ ch{'gnfO{ ;DemfpFb} eGg'x'G5– >4f k/dfTdfnfO{ k|fKt ug]{ ofqfdf dfq
xf]Og 5'› s'/fdf klg x'G5 . ef]hg klg >4f cg';f/ tLg k|sf/sf] x'G5 / dflg;x¿ cfˆgf] >4f
cg';f/sf] ef]hgdf ?lr /fVb5g\ . tfd;L JolQmnfO{ 3/sf] z'4 zfsfxf/L ef]hgeGbf xf]6]nsf] af;L
;8]un]sf] vfgf ?lrs/ nfU5 . cltzo ef]hgsf sf/0f p;df lg›f / ;':tL x'G5 . p;sf] ef]hg
Ps k|sf/sf] g;f xf], h;n] p;nfO{ lg›f / d"R5f{df nfG5 . ;flŒjs JolQmnfO{ Joy{ nfUg] ef]hg
tfd;L JolQmnfO{ lk|o x'G5 . dl:tis;Fu ;DalGwt JolQmx¿ cNkfxf/L x'G5g\ . z/L/n] ef]hg
krfpg' k/]g eg] ;f/f pmhf{ h'g ef]hg krfpgdf vr{ x'GYof] Tof] pmhf{ dl:tisnfO{ k|fKt x'g
yfN5 hf] Wofgsf nflu ;xof]uL x'G5 .
tfd;L JolQmsf] sfd vfg' / ;'Tg' dfq x'Fbf pm k|To]s If0f dl//x]sf] x'G5 . o:tf] JolQmn]
lbgnfO{ /ft / hLjgnfO{ d[To't'No agfpgdf g} ;'v k|fKt u5{ . tfd;L JolQmsf] >4f hLjgdf
x'Fb}g . o:tf] JolQmsf] JolQmTjdf d[To'sf] kbrfk x'G5 / p;sf rf/}lt/ td;\sf] t/Ë pTkGg x'G5 .
tfd;L JolQmsf] k|j[lQ cGwsf/df 8'Ag] x'G5 t;y{ pm lbgel/ ;'t]/ /flqdf p7\5 . s[i0fn] of]uLsf]
kl/efiff ub}{ eGg'ePsf] 5– of]uL ta klg hfUb5, ha ;f/f b'lgofF ;'t]sf] x'G5 t/ ef]uL ha ;a}
hfUb5g\, ta klg pm ;'t]s} x'G5 . /flqhLJfg tfd;LnfO{ k|Llts/ x'G5 . klZrddf td;\sf] klg
cTolws j[l4 ePsf]n] /ft 36]sf] 5 / ToxfF dflg;x¿ @–# ah] laxfg;Dd ;'Tb}gg\, o:tf]
pgLx¿sf] lbgrof{ g} ag]sf] x'G5 . tfd;L JolQm unt / cltef]hgn] cfk"mnfO{ dfl//x]sf x'G5g\≤
To;}n] pgLx¿ cfTd3ftL x'g\ .
/fh;L k|j[lQsf] JolQm dxŒjfsfª\IfL x'gfn] ult, bf}8 / pmhf{ pknAw x'g] df+;fxf/L ef]hgdf
/; lnG5 . To;}n] k|foM ;a}h;f] Iflqo df+;fxf/L x'G5g\ . z"›nfO{ af;L, plR5i7, ˆofFs]sf] ef]hg
lk|o x'G5 . ;gfgtL wd{df j0f{sf] Joj:yf j}1flgs 5 . of] Joj:yfdf j:t'tM tLg j0f{ a|fXd0f,
Iflqo / z"› dfq x'G5g\ / j}Zo lvr8L h:tf] ;a}sf] ldl>t j0f{ xf] . Zf"›sf] cy{ td;\ xf], hf]
s]jn ef]hgsf nflu afFr]sf] x'G5 . k|To]s lbgsf nflu rflxg] hlt ef]hg h'6fP/ pgLx¿ k|;Gg
x'G5g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿ bl/› x'G5g\ . z"› s'g} hflt;Fu ;DalGwt 5}g, of] t s]jn k|j[lQ dfq xf] .

nf]suLtf– 647
cWofo–!&
pgLx¿ Tolt g} sdfpF5g\, hlt vfgnfO{ k'uf];\ . pgLx¿sf] ;f/f j[lQ ef]hgd} ;Lldt x'G5 . Iflqo
/fh; u'0fsf] x'gfn] dxfŒjfsfª\IfL x'G5 . pgLx¿ pmhf{ k|fKt x'g] / ;':tL x'g glbg], lg›f gnfUg],
df+;fxf/L ef]hgdf /; lnG5g\ . /fh; JolQmdf lg›fsf] ;d:of x'G5 . ;+;f/df ;f/f Iflqox¿
cNkef]hL x'G5g\≤ To;}n] pgLx¿sf] zf/Ll/s agf]6 ;'Gb/ x'G5 . Iflqo cNkfxf/L JolQm ePsfn]
df+;fxf/L ef]hg p;sf nflu pko'Qm x'G5 lsgeg] hf] clnslt vfFbf klg k|z:t zlQm lbG5 .
t/sf/L ;fu;AhL cflbn] cToGt sd{ pmhf{ lbG5, To;}n] ufO{ lbgel/ 3fF; rl//xG5 . Wofg /
;dflwsf nflu oxL zfsfxf/L ef]hg g} pQd x'G5 .
;ŒjnfO{ pknAw JolQm tfd;L h:tf] cltef]hg / /fh;L h:tf] cNk ef]hg gu/L ;Dos\ /
;Gt'lnt ef]hg ub{5 . t;y{ 1fgLx¿n] ;Dos\ ef]hgdf hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . ;flŒjs JolQmn] c:j:y
cj:yfdf ef]hg 3fts x'g] x'Fbf pkjf; a:b5 eg] ha :j:y x'G5, ta cfjZostf cg';f/sf]
ef]hg ub{5 . pd]/sf] j[l4;Fu} JolQmsf] cfxf/ / lg›f sd x'g] x'Fbf ;flŒjs JolQmn] cfjZostf /
kl/l:yltcg'¿k ef]hg ub{5 . pm d[To'sf] ;dodf ef]hg / lg›f b'j}af6 d'Qm x'G5 . tfd;L JolQm
k|foM lg›fdf, /fh;L JolQm ;+3if{df / ;flŒjs JolQm j|t / zflGtdf d[To'j/0f ub{5g\ . ;flŒjs
JolQmsf] hLjgdf s'g} dxfŒjfsfª\Iff gx'g] x'Fbf p;nfO{ bf}8sf nflu pmhf{ ;~ro ug{'kb}{g . t;y{
p;n] s]jn afFRgsf nflu cfjZos z'4 zfsfxf/L ef]hg ub{5 . p;sf] ef]hgaf6 dl:tisnfO{
afwf k'¥ofpg] sfd x'Fb}g .
pkjf;sf] cj:yfdf k/d ;dflw 36\b5 . To;}n] ;flŒjs JolQmx¿ pkjf;L x'G5g\ . ef]hg
ubf{ub}{ t ;ljsNk ;dflw dfq ;Dej x'G5 t/ lglj{sNk ;dflw ;Dej x'Fb}g . ef]hg u/]sf] cf7
306fkl5 dfq pkjf;sf] l:ylt cfpF5 . /flqsf] ef]hgkZrft\ gf}–bz 306fsf] pkjf;kl5 dfq
laxfgsf] ef]hg ug{' plrt x'G5 . 1fgL JolQmnfO{ k|foM pkjf;sf] cj:yfdf g} 1fg k|fKt ePsf]
5 . z/L/n] Tof] pkjf;sf] If0fdf ef]hg krfpg] sfo{ ug'{kb}{g . To;}n] ;Dk"0f{ pmhf{ Wofgtkm{
s]lG›t eP/ 1fgsf] pknlAw x'G5 . of] tLg j0f{ a|fXd0f, Iflqo / z"› ;Œj, /h / tdsf] j0f{ xf] .
tLg} j0f{sf] hf]8 j}Zo j0f{ xf] . t;y{ j}Zodf tLg} k|sf/sf] JolQm kfOG5 . of] ldl>t j0f{ xf] /
;+;f/df k|wfgtf klg oxL j0f{sf] 5 . hGdaf6 sf]xL a|fXd0f x'Fb}g . a|XdnfO{ hfg]kl5 dfq a|fXd0f
x'g] x'gfn] s/f]8f}“df Ps b'O{ hgf JolQm dfq a|fXd0f x'G5g\ . h;sf] hLjgsf] tLg} u'0fdf ;d:j/tf
x'G5 / hf] tLg u'0fsf] kf/ PsnfO{ hfGg] dfu{df ultdfg\ x'G5 pxL a|fXd0f x'G5 .
cfhsn a|fXd0f, Iflqo tyf z"› tLg} j0f{sf JolQmx¿ wg hDdf ug]{ sfddf ;+nUg 5g\ .
a|fXd0f klg k"hfsf] wGbf ul//x]sf 5g\ / Iflqo klg cfˆgf] zlQm a]lr/x]sf 5g\ . t;y{ (%
k|ltzt JolQmx¿ ;+;f/df j}Zo, $ k|ltzt JolQmx¿ z"› hf] uxg td;\df 5g\ / Ps k|ltzteGbf
sd JolQmx¿ a|fXd0f / Iflqo 5g\ . xfdLn] oL tLg} u'0fnfO{ olb Jojxf/df, cfr/0fdf, ef]hgdf /
p7\g], a:g] x/lqmofdf hfGg ;Sof}“ eg] ;a}lt/af6 /h;\ tyf td;\nfO{ sd ug{ ;S5f}“ / b'j}sf]
pmhf{ ;ŒjnfO{ lgof]lht ug{ ;S5f}F clg xfdLleq klg a|fXd0fsf] hGd x'g] 5 .
ef]hgsf ;DaGwdf h:t} o1, tk / bfg klg tLg k|sf/sf g} x'G5g\ . tfd;L JolQm
cfkm";Fu ePsf] j:t' g;lsof];\ eg]/ arfpg, /fh;L JolQm cfkm";Fu gePsf] j:t'sf] dfusf nflu
/ s]xL kfpgsf nflu tyf ;flŒjs JolQm cfkm"nfO{ h] k|fKt 5 To;sf] cxf]efj, cfgGb, s[t1tf
1fkgsf nflu o1 ub{5g\ . ;flŒjssf] o1 s[t1tf JoQm ug]{ k/dfTdfsf] uLt xf] . tk / bfg klg
tLg} k|sf/sf] x'G5 . tfd;L nfvf}“ n'6]/ xhf/ ?lkofF bfg ub{5 / k|rf/ nfvf}“ bfg u/] h:tf] ub{5
t/ p;sf] bfg n'6]sf] j:t' arfpgsf nflu x'G5 . /fh;Lsf] bfg ;b}j s]xL k|fKt ug]{ p2]Zon]
x'G5 . p;sf] bfg df5fnfO{ ;dfTg aN5Ldf lk7f] nufPh:tf] x'G5 . ;flŒjs JolQmnfO{ s]xL arfpg'

nf]suLtf– 648
 cWofo–!&
h?/L 5}g / s]xL kfpg' klg 5}gÙ t;y{ p;sf] bfg cxf]efj / k|]dsf] x'G5 . p;;Fu h] 5, Tof]
p;n] afF8\g rfxG5 . tLg} u'0fsf] ;Gt'ng ePkl5 dfq JolQm kf/ eP/ u'0fftLt x'G5 . u'0fftLt
JolQmn] g} …cxd\ a|Xdfl:dÚ eGg ;S5 .
cfo'M ;Œjanf/f]Uo;'vk|Lltljjw{gfM .
/:ofM l:gUwfM l:y/f ÅBf cfxf/fM ;flŒjslk|ofM ..*..
cfo', a'l4, an, cf/f]Uo, ;'v / k|LltnfO{ a9fpg] jfnf Pjd\ /;o'Qm / l:y/ /xg]jfnf tyf
:jefjaf6 g} dgnfO{ lk|o nfUg] cfxf/ cyf{t\ ef]hg ;flŒjs k'?ifnfO{ g} lk|o x'G5 ..
s6\jDnnj0ffTo'i0ftLI0f¿IfljbflxgM .
cfxf/f /fh;:o]i6f b'Mvzf]sfdok|bfM ..(..
6/f]{, lttf], cldnf], nj0fo'Qm / clt tftf] tyf tLI0f kL/f], ?vf / bfxsf/s Pjd\ b'v
lrGtf / /f]unfO{ pTkGg ug]{jfnf cfxf/ /fh; k'?ifnfO{ lk|o x'G5 ..
oftofd+ ut/;+ k"lt ko{'lift+ r ot\ .
plR5i6dlk rfd]Wo+ ef]hg+ tfd;lk|od\ ..!)..
h'g ef]hg gkfs]sf], /;/lxt, b'u{Gwo'Qm Pjd\ af;L, plR5i6 / ckljq x'G5 Tof] ef]hg
tfd; k'?ifnfO{ lk|o x'G5 ..
>Ls[i0f tLg u'0fcg';f/sf JolQmx¿nfO{ ?lrs/ ef]hgsf af/]df atfpg' x'G5 . ;fgf]–;fgf]
s'/fn] klg xfdL s'g u'0fsf JolQm xf}“ eGg] ;"rgf lbG5 . ef]hg t dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f g} xf] . tfd;L
j[lQsf] JolQmn] lg›f nfUg], pQ]hgf pTkGg gx'g], af;L, plR5i6 / lr;f] ef]hgdf ?lr /fVb5 . pm
;b}j lg›fsf] ;'lawf ePsf] ef]hg g} 5fGb5 . tftf] ef]hg rfF8} kR5 t/ af;L ef]hg kRg ;do
nfU5 lsgeg] kRgsf nflu clUg rflxG5 . ef]hgsf] tftf]kg / k]6sf] clUg ldn]/ tftf] vfgf rfF8}
krfpF5 .
ef]hg kr]kZrft\ dl:tisnfO{ pmhf{ k|fKt x'G5 . ef]hgaf6 k|fKt klxnf] pmhf{ z/L/nfO{
cfjZos x'G5 . ef]hgkZrft\ z/L/sf] ;f/f zlQm ef]hg krfpg ;lqmo x'G5 . ef]hg kr]kl5 dfq
Tof] pmhf{ dl:tisnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 / ha dl:tisdf a'l4 el/G5, To;kl5 z]if ePsf] pmhf{ dfq
cfTdfnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 . tfd;L JolQmn] o:tf] ef]hg u5{, h'g krfpgsf nflu g} ;jf{lws pmhf{
;dfKt x'G5 / dl:tis;Dd pmhf{ k'Ugaf6 jl~rt x'G5 . t;y{ tfd;L JolQm a'l4xLg x'G5g\ .
a'l4dfg\ x'g td;\sf] Tofu ug{'k5{ . tfd;L JolQm c;Gt'lnt / z/L/ dfq ePsf] x'Fbf p;nfO{
cfTdfsf af/]df s'g} hfgsf/L g} x'Fb}g . /fh;L JolQmn] hLjgdf pQ]hgf, Tj/f / bf}8 pTkGg
u/fpg] cldnf], lttf], g"lgnf], clt tftf], tLI0f / ?vf ef]hgdf /; kfpF5, h'g bfxsf/s x'G5 .
wg / kbsf] bf}8df /xgfn] o; j[lQsf] JolQm Hj/u|:t x'G5 . p;nfO{ lg›fsf] ;d:of x'gfn] cf}ifwL
;]jg ug{'kg]{ x'G5 . pgLx¿ a:bf klg l:y/ x'Fb}gg\ / leqL a]r}gLn] aflx/ k|ToIf c;/ b]vfpF5 .
pgLx¿sf] r~rntf / cl:y/tfsf] sf/0fn] uf]8f of xftsf cf}+nfx¿ cghfgd} rln/x]sf x'G5g\ t/
To;sf] cg'e"lt pgLx¿nfO{ x'Fb}g .
pd]/ eP;Fu} JolQmsf] lg›f sd x'g yfN5 lsgeg] lg›f z/L/sf] lgdf{0fsf nflu rflxG5 .
d/]sf ;]nx¿ k'ghL{ljt u/]/ laxfg tfhf x'g hjfg JolQmnfO{ cf7 306fsf] lg›f h?/L x'G5 t/
p;nfO{ cf7 306feGbf a9L lg›fsf] OR5f ePdf pm dxftfd;L xf] eg]/ hfGg'k5{ . To:t} a"9f]
JolQmnfO{ #–$ 306fsf] lg›f kof{Kt x'G5 . #–$ 306feGbf a9L lg›fsf] OR5f ePdf pm klg tfd;L
xf] eg]/ hfGg'k5{ . ;'Tg' / cf/fd ug{' g} tfd;L JolQmsf] j[lQ x'Fbf z/L/df jhg hDdf eP/ pm

nf]suLtf– 649
cWofo–!&
df]6f]kgsf] l;sf/ x'G5 . /fh;L JolQmsf] hLjg pQ]hgfn] el/Psf] x'G5 . To;}n] pm /ftL klg ;'Tg
;Sb}g . /fh;L u'0fsf] JolQm dgn] afFR5 / pm dg g} x'G5 . dgsf] OR5f k"/f ug{ z/L/ / cfTdf
klg p;n] bfpdf nufpF5 . ;Œjn] el/Psf] JolQm ;Gt'lnt x'G5 . p;n] g lr;f] g tftf], g clt
g cNk ef]hg g} u5{ . p;n] z/L/sf] h7/flUg;Fu d]n vfg] l7Sssf] tftf] ef]hg u5{ . o:tf] JolQm
k|s[ltsf] ;d:j/tfdf afFR5 . z'4 zfsfxf/L / pQ]hgf ga9fpg] lsl;dsf] ef]hg ugf{n] p;sf] a'l4
tLI0f / cfo' nfdf] x'G5 . /fh;L JolQmsf] ef]hgn] qmf]w, tfd;L JolQmsf] ef]hgn] cN5Lkgf /
;flŒjs JolQmsf] ef]hgn] k|LltnfO{ a9fpF5 . xfd|f] z/L/ ef]hgsf] cfwf/df g} lgld{t x'G5 . xfdLn]
ug]{ ef]hgsf cfwf/df s;/L z/L/ ljsl;t x'G5 eGg] s'/f lgwf{/0f x'G5 . xfdLn] ef]hg gu/]df
tLg dlxgfleq z/L/ kfly{j x'G5 .
tfd;L JolQmn] k|]d ug]{ xf]Og, k|]dsf] dfu dfq ub{5 . /fh;L JolQm g k|]d u5{, g k|]dsf]
dfu g} u5{ . p;nfO{ k|]dsf nflu ;do g} gx'Fbf k|]d uf}0f x'G5 . l;sGb/h:tf JolQmnfO{ k|]d ug]{
km';{t g} x'Fb}g . ;ŒjnfO{ pknAw JolQmn] hLjgdf k|]dsf] bfg u5{ / p;n] k|]dsf] dfu gu/L k|]d
afF8\5 . ;ŒjnfO{ pknAw JolQmn] c¿sf] hLjgdf k|]dsf] a;f{t u/fP/ cfglGbt x'G5 . cfo', a'l4,
an, cf/f]Uo, ;'v / k|LltnfO{ a9fpg]jfnf :jefj ePsf] / dgnfO{ lk|o cfxf/ ;flŒjs k'?ifnfO{ lk|o
x'G5 . ;flŒjs u'0f ePsf] JolQm :jfbsf sf/0f ef]hg ub}{g t/ ef]hgdf v'a :jfb lnG5 . ;flŒjs
JolQmsf] ef]hgdf tfd;L tyf /fh;L JolQmnfO{ s'g} /;f:jfb x'Fb}g / pgLx¿ Tof] ef]hgnfO{ u|x0f
ug{ klg ;Sb}gg\ . ;flŒjs JolQmn] :jfbdfly lht xfl;n u/]sf] x'Fbf ;fwf/0f ef]hgaf6 g}
pgLx¿n] :jfb k|fKt ub{5g\ . pgLx¿sf] ;+j]bgf v'n]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] ;+j]bgzLn s'/fsf] klg
pgLx¿nfO{ cg'ej x'G5 . xfd|f] hLjgsf ;a} ;+j]bgfx¿ td;\ / /h;\sf sf/0fn] IfL0f eO;s]sf
5g\ . s]jn ;ŒjnfO{ pknAw JolQm dfq k/d ;+j]bgzLn x'G5 / pgLx¿ ;To+, lzj+, ;'Gb/+nfO{
pknAw x'G5g\ .
ckmnfsfª\lIfleo{1f] ljlwb[i6f] o OHot] .
oi6Jod]j]lt dgM ;dfwfo ; ;flŒjsM ..!!..
x] ch{'g Û zf:qljlwaf6 lgot ul/Psf] / st{Jo xf] eg]/ dgnfO{ ;dfwfg u/]/ kmnsf]
cfsfª\Iff g/fvL ul/g] o1 ;flŒjs xf] ..
cle;Gwfo t' kmn+ bDefy{dlk r}j ot\ .
OHot] e/t>]i7 t+ o1+ ljl4 /fh;d\ ..!@..
x] ch{'g Û h'g o1 s]jn bDefr/0fsf nflu dfq cyf{t\ kmnsf] p2]Zo /fv]/ ul/G5, Tof]
o1nfO{ ltdL /fh; hfg ..
ljlwxLgd;[i6fGg+ dGqxLgdblIf0fd\ .
>4flj/lxt+ o1+ tfd;+ kl/rIft] ..!#..
zf:qljlwaf6 xLg / cGgbfg/lxt Pjd\ ljgf dGq, ljgf blIf0ffsf] / ljgf >4fn] ul/Psf]
o1nfO{ tfd; o1 elgG5 ..
o1 wd{sf] ;d:t k|lqmof / k|tLs xf] . wd{sf] ;d:t k|lqmof ;flŒjs, /fh;L / tfd;L tLg
9Ëaf6 ug{ ;lsG5 . ;flŒjs o1 kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff / dfuljgf ul/G5 . h;sf dxŒjfsfª\Iffx¿
;a} zfGt eO;s]sf 5g\ / hf] o1 cxf]efj k|s6 ug{ dfq ul/G5 Tof] ;flŒjs o1 xf] . cfgGb efj
k|s6 ug{ / wGojfb JoQm ug{ u/]sf] o1 zf:q;Ddt x'G5 . ;flŒjs JolQm lg/xª\sf/ efjn] st{Jo
7fg]/ hfGg] JolQmx¿sf] jrg kfngf ub{5g\ . ;flŒjs JolQm ;dk{0f efjn] ;b\u'?n] eg]cg';f/

nf]suLtf– 650
 cWofo–!&
>4fk"j{s o1 ub{5g\ . pgLx¿df jf;gf / sfdgfsf] efj x'Fb}g . ;flŒjs JolQm zf:qljlwn] lgot
ul/Psf] o1 zf:qfg';f/ ub{5g\ / o;f] ug{' pgLx¿ cfˆgf] st{Jo 7fGb5g\ . ;ŒjnfO{ dfGg] JolQm
>4fk"0f{ x'G5 . zf:qljlwaf6 lgot ul/Psf] / st{Jo xf] eg]/ dgnfO{ ;dfwfg u/]/ kmnk|flKt
grfxg] k'?ifåf/f ul/g] o1 ;flŒjs o1 xf] . wfld{s k"hf, k|fy{gf, cr{gf, ;fwgf / o1 ug]{ JolQm
;flŒjs x'G5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û h'g o1 s]jn bDefr/0fsf nflu cyf{t\ kmnsf] p2]Zo /fv]/
ul/G5, Tof] o1nfO{ ltdL /fh; hfg . cxª\sf/sf nflu ul/g] s[To bDefr/0fn] ul/Psf] o1 xf] .
o:tf] o1 s]jn c¿nfO{ cfkm"n] o1 u/]sf] b]vfpg, k|rf/ ug{ / cfˆgf] cxª\sf/ssf] k'li6sf nflu
dfq ul/G5 . klxn] ;d|f6\x¿n] cZjd]w o1 uy]{ hf] bDefr/0f lyof] . cfkm"n] 5f]8]sf] 3f]8f
c¿x¿sf] /fHodf 3'DYof] / h;n] 3f]8f ;dfTYof] p;n] o'4 ug{'kYof{] . of] cfkm"nfO{ rqmjtL{ 3f]if0ff
ug]{ k|lqmof lyof] . o:tf] o1 dxfŒjfsfª\Iff / kmnfsfª\Iffn] ul/GYof] . o:tf] bDefr/0faf6 kmnsf]
p2]Zon] ul/Psf] o1 /fh; o1 xf] . o;df wg, kb, k|lti7f a9f];\ / cfˆgf] k|e'Tj sfod /xf];\
eGg] rfxgf x'G5 . tfd;L JolQm zf:qljlwnfO{ kfngf g} ub}{gg\ . zf:qljlwnfO{ dfGgsf nflu
p;nfO{ p7\g' / s]xL ug{'kg]{ x'G5, h'g p;sf] :jefjsf ljk/Lt x'G5 . t;y{ pm td;\sf] lx;fan]
cfˆg} ljlw / lgod agfpF5 . o:tf JolQmsf] o1 zf:qljlwxLg / 1fg/lxt x'G5 . tfd;Ln] s]jn
dfUb5 t/ s]xL lbg ;Sb}g / /fh;L s]xL kfpgsf nflu lbG5 cyf{t\ bfg u5{ . tfd;L JolQm
s;}nfO{ s]xL glbO{sg dfu dfq ug]{ x'Fbf ;bf levf/L / bfg/lxt x'G5 .
dGqsf] ljlw 7'nf] vf]h / d]xgtaf6 to ul/Psf] xf], h;df ;ŒjnfO{ pTkGg ug]{ Ifdtf x'G5 .
dGqljlwsf] plrt pkof]u u/]df leq ¿kfGt/0f ;''? x'G5 lsgeg] Wjlg xfd|f] k|f0fsf] ;f/ xf] /
o;sf] 7'nf] d"No 5 . k"jL{o zf:qLo ;ª\uLt ;'g]/ JolQm Wofg:y x'g ;S5 eg] klZrdL ;ª\uLtn]
sfdjf;gf dfq k|an x'G5 . tfd;L JolQmnfO{ dGqdf n's]sf] /x:osf af/]df s]xL hfgsf/L gx'Fbf
p;nfO{ dGqsf] cy{ g} /xFb}g . t;y{ dGqljgf g} cfˆg} lawfgcg';f/ o1 ug{ rfxG5 . To:t}
blIf0ffsf] cy{ bfg lng] JolQmnfO{ wGojfb JoQm ug{' xf] . p;n] bfg :jLsf/ u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ s[kf
u/]sf]df blIf0ff lbP/ cfef/ JoQm ub{5 . ;flŒjs JolQm bfg klg s'g} OR5f, cfsfª\Iffljgf g} u5{
/ bfg :jLsf/ ul/lbPsf]df blIf0ff lbO{ wGojfb JoQm u5{ . bfg blIf0ff lbPkl5 dfq k"/f x'G5,
cGoyf cw'/f] x'G5 . tfd;L JolQmsf] o1df, dGqdf, bfgdf / blIf0ffdf s'g} >4f x'Fb}g . /fh;L
JolQmn] ;b}j s]xL kfpg] p2]Zon] o1 ug]{ x'Fbf ToxfF >4f cw'/f] / vl08t x'G5 . ;flŒjs JolQm ;a}
sd{, o1, bfg / blIf0ff >4fn] o'Qm eP/ zf:qljlwcg';f/ kmnsf] cfsfª\Iffljgf ub{5 . t;y{
;Œjsf] dlGb/df k/dfTdfsf] af; x'G5 .
b]jlåhu'?k|f1k"hg+ zf}rdfh{jd\ .
a|Xdro{dlx+;f r zf/L/+ tk pRot] ..!$..
x] ch{'g Û b]jtf, låh -a|fXd0f_, u'? / 1fgLhgx¿nfO{ ul/g] k"hf, kljqtf, ;/ntf a|Xdro{ /
clx+;fnfO{ z/L/;DaGwL tk elgG5 ..
cg'å]us/+ jfSo+ ;To+ lk|olxt+ r ot\ .
:jfWofofEo;g+ r}j jfª\do+ tk pRot] ..!%..
hf] pb\j]u gug]{jfnf lk|o, lxtsf/s / oyfy{ efif0f xf], Tof] :jfWofosf] cEof;nfO{ lgM;Gb]x
jf0fL;DaGwL tk elgG5 ..

nf]suLtf– 651
cWofo–!&
dgMk|;fbM ;f}DoTj+ df}gdfTdljlgu|xM .
efj;+z'l4l/To]tQkf] dfg;d'Rot] ..!^..
dgsf] k|;Ggtf, eujt\ lrGtg ug]{ :jefj, zfGt :jefj, dgsf] df}g lju|x / cGt:s/0fsf]
efjsf] kljqtfnfO{ dg–;DaGwL tk elgG5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– tk tLg k|sf/sf x'G5g\ lsgeg] xfd|f] JolQmTj klg tLg kqdf afFl8Psf]
5 . tfd;L JolQmsf] tkdf cN5Lkgf / k|dfbsf] 5fof x'G5 . pm Ps} 7fpFdf a;]/ tk ug{ ;S5, hf]
/fh;L JolQmn] ;Sb}g . /h;\ ultjfg\ / td;\ ultxLg cj:yf xf] . tfd;L j[lQ ultxLg x'Fbf cGo
s[ToeF}m o:tf] JolQm tk klg Ps} 7fpFdf a;]/ u5{ . /fh;L JolQm /f]lsg g;s]/ bf}l8P/} tk ug{
vf]H5 . /fh;L JolQmnfO{ /f]lslbPdf pm dgsf] ultaf6 bf}8g ;''? u5{ . k"j{df dg'iox¿ cN5L /
tfd;L x'G5g\ / klZrddf dg'iox¿ /fh;L x'G5g\ . /fh;L JolQm bf}8w'knfO{ cfˆgf] ofqf
agfpF5g\ . ;GGof;Lx¿ gAa] k|ltzt tfd;L x'G5g\ lsgeg] pgLx¿ tk klg Ps 7fpFdf a;]/
ub{5g\ ;fy} sf]xL Ps v'§fdf pleP/, sf]xL kn]6L s;]/ / sf]xL e'OFdf ;'t]/ x7of]usf] tk ub{5g\ .
pgLx¿ s]xL gu/L cf>dd} hd]/ a:5g\ t/ h}g ;GGof;Lx¿ /fh;L x'G5g\, To;}n] pgLx¿ kbofqf
g} ul//xG5g\ .
;ŒjnfO{ pknAw JolQm /h;\ / td;\ lardf ;Gt'ng sfod u5{ . p;n] cfjZostf
cg';f/ lj>fd ub{5 / cfjZostf ePdf cf>d agfpF5 . pm cfjZostfcg';f/ kl/e|fhs x'G5 .
tk /h;\ / td;\ b'j} ¿ksf] klg x'G5 t/ s[i0f klxn] ;Œjsf b[li6af6 tksf] z'4td ¿ksf] JofVof
ub}{ x'g'x'G5 lsgeg] of] tksf] ljz'4 ¿k xf] . hxfF hxfF lbJotfsf] cg'ej x'G5, ToxfF ToxfF b]jtfsf]
bz{g x'G5 . b]jtf lbJotfnfO{ a'emfpg] k|tLsfTds zAb xf] . xfdL;Fu oyfy{ b[li6 ePdf ;j{q
lbJotfsf] bz{g x'g ;S5 . cFWof/f]nfO{ kG5fP/ pHofnf]df kl/0ft ug]{ ;"o{ lbJotfsf] Ps pbfx/0f
xf] . To;}n] lxGb" wdf{jnDaLx¿ ;"o{nfO{ b]jtf dfg]/ cf/fwgf ub{5g\ h'g Ps k|tLs xf] . ;"o{n]
aflx/L hut\\sf] cGwsf/nfO{ x6fpF5≤ To;}n] xfdLleqsf] cGwsf/ x6fpg klg leqL ;"o{ rflxG5 .
laxfg p7]kl5 ;"o{nfO{ ul/g] gdg klg oxL s'/fsf] 3f]if0ff xf] . xfdLleqsf] cGwsf/nfO{ x6fP/
k|sfz Nofpg' 5 . ætd;\f] df Hof]ltu{doÆ o;sf] cy{ dnfO{ cGwsf/af6 k|sfzlt/ n}hfpm eGg]
xf] . x] k/dfTdf Û d k|sfz / k|sfzsf] ;|f]tnfO{ gdg u5{', h;/L aflx/sf] /flq¿kL cGwsf/ d]l6of]
To:t} d]/f] leqL cGwsf/nfO{ klg d]6fOb]pm eg]/ k|fy{gf ug{' g} lbJotf cyf{t\ b]jtfsf] bz{g ug{
vf]Hg' xf] . xfdLn] o:tf] efj /fv]df oxL efjn] xfdLnfO{ leqL ¿kfGt/0fsf nflu nfe k'¥ofpF5 .
;gftgLx¿ ;"o{ h:t} gbL, kxf8, j[If cflb ;a}nfO{ lbJotfsf] k|tLs dfg]/ em's]/ gdg
ub{5g\ . of] em'Sg' xfd|f] efj xf], hxfF lbJotfsf] bz{g x'G5, ToxfF gdgsf] efj klg hlGdG5 /
cGtdf of] efj ;3g x'g yfN5 . To;}n] lxGb"x¿n] rG›df, lkkn, t'n;L, uËf, s}nfz, lxdfno
;a}nfO{ em's]/ gdg / k"hg ug]{ k|rngsf] yfngL u/]sf x'g\ . oL ;a}nfO{ b]jtfsf] ¿k dfg]/ ;j{q
lbJotfnfO{ gdg ug]{ efjaf6 xfdLleqsf] b]jtfsf] klg hGd x'g ;S5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ z/L/
;DaGwL tkdf ;j{k|yd b]jtfsf] k"hg eGg'x'G5 . låh cyf{t\ bf];|f] u'? 1fgLhgx¿sf] k"hg
eGg'x'G5 . xfdLleq b]jtfsf] hGdkZrft\ xfd|f] r]tgfsf] cj:yf ¿kfGt/0f x'G5 . k|tLsnfO{
dfGg'eGbf lbJotfsf] k|tLsdf em's]/ gdg ug{' d'Vo s'/f xf] . Tof] em'Sg] efjn] leq ¿kfGt/0f x'G5
/ hLjgnfO{ lbJotflt/ n}hfG5 . hlt a9L b]jtfsf] cg'e"lt x'g ;'? x'G5, Tolt g} xfd|f]
lbJotflt/sf] ofqf ;'ud x'G5 .
JolQmsf] klxnf] hGd afa'–cfdfaf6 k|fKt z/L/sf] ¿kdf / bf];|f] hGd r]tgfsf] x'G5 . ha
xfdL cfˆgf] r]tgfnfO{ hGd lbG5f}“, Tof] jf:tljs hGd xf] . h;n] a|XdnfO{ hfGof] Tof] låh xf] .
nf]suLtf– 652
 cWofo–!&
Wofg:y, ;dflw:y / h;leq a|Xdsf] bz{g eO;s]sf] 5 To:tf] JolQmnfO{ xfdL a|fXd0f eG5f}“ .
p;nfO{ gd:sf/ ubf{ xfdLleq klg To:t} 36gf 36\g] s'/fsf] ;"qkft x'g ;S5 . o;/L låhnfO{
gdg ubf{ub}{ xfdL klg cfˆgf] z/L/;Fu hf]l8P/ a;]sf] cj:yfaf6 5'6\g ;S5f}“ . xfdL klg zfGt,
cfglGbt / df}g cj:yfdf /x]sf] s'g} If0fdf låhsf] bz{g kfpg ;S5f}“ / leqsf] Hof]lt b]Vg ;S5f}“ .
låhsf] Tof] Hof]ltsf af/]df clnslt klg hfGg ;lsof] eg] xfdL klg cfkm"leqsf] Hof]ltsf] vf]h
ug{ ;S5f}“ . låhsf] cy{ hfu]sf] JolQm xf] / låhsf] glhs x'Fbf xfdL klg cfkm"leqsf] vf]h ;'? u/]/
Tof] lbJo Hof]ltnfO{ hfGg ;S5f}“ . låhaf6 alu/x]sf] k/dfTdfsf] Ps emns dfq b]Vg ;Sof}+ eg] h]
xfdL lyof}“ Tof] /xb}gf}“ / Ps If0fd} s[i0fdo x'G5f}“ . låh ;b\u'? xf], p;nfO{ gdg, k"hg / >4fefj
/fv]df s'g} klg ;do cgfof; åf/ v'n]/ s[i0fsf] ;fdLKodf k'Ug] 5f}“ .
u'? / 1fgLhg h;af6 s]xL 1fg cfh{g ul/Psf] 5 p;k|lt gdg / em'sfpsf] efjn] ;dk{0f
efjnfO{ ;xof]u u5{ . gdg Psk|sf/sf] em'Sg] cEof; klg xf] . cflv/L cj:yfdf ;dk{0f ug{' g}
kg]{ x'Fbf u'?k|ltsf] gdg ug]{ snfn] o;df ;xof]u u5{ . h;af6 xfdLn] s]xL l;s]sf 5f}“ Tof] u'? xf]
/ h;af6 ;a}n] cyf{t\ c¿n] klg l;s]sf 5g\, Tof] 1fgLhg xf] . xfdLn] u'? / 1fgLhg b'j}nfO{
em'Sg' / gdg ug{'k5{ lsgeg] u'?k|lt dfq em'Sof] eg] Tof] xfd|f] cxª\sf/ x'G5 / z'4 ¿kdf em'Sg'
x'Fb}g . To;}n] u'?df dfq xf]Og 1fgLhg;dIf klg em'Sg'k5{ . ;gftgLx¿sf] em'Sg] snf ;dk{0fsf]
cj:yfdf k'Ugsf nflu cToGt pko'Qm / nfebfos 5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0fn] u'? / 1fgLhgsf] k"hg
eGg'ePsf] xf] .
>Ls[i0f kljqtf, ;/ntf, a|Xdro{ / clx+;fsf] s'/f ug{'x'G5 . kljqtfsf] cy{ k|fdfl0fstf
xf] . xfdL h] 5f}“, To;nfO{ n'sfP/ c¿ g} k|bz{g ug{ vf]Hg' ckljqtf xf] . rf]/L u/]/ jf em'6 af]n]/
JolQm ckljq x'Fb}g t/ rf]/L u/]/ klg cfkm"nfO{ d rf]/ xf]Og / ;To af]N5' eg]/ k|bz{g u¥of] eg]
ckljq x'G5 . h;df rf]/L u/]/ klg d rf]/ x'F eGg] ;To af]Ng] lxDdt x'G5, pm kljq x'G5 . o:tf]
JolQmdf ljk/Ltsf] ld>0f x'Fb}g, pm l;wf / ;/n x'G5 . hLjgdf kljqtf kfpg' 5 eg] cfkm" h:tf]
5, To:t} k|s6 ug{'k5{ . hlt zL3| ;To k|s6 u5f}{+, Tolt g} rfF8f] xfdLdf kl/jt{g ;'? x'G5
lsgeg] kljqtfn] c;TonfO{ hnfOlbG5 . k|fdfl0fstf k|s6 ug{' kljq x'g] lbzfdf klxnf] sbd xf] .
>Ls[i0f kljqtfkl5 ;/ntf eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] kljq JolQm ;/n x'G5 . bfpk]r ghfGg', cg'lrt
rnfsL ghfGg' / lgbf]{if s]6fs]6L h:tf] x'g' ;/n x'g' xf] .
;/ntfkl5 a|XDfro{ eGg'x'G5 . olb JolQmdf kljqtf 5 eg] ;/ntf cfkm}“ 3l6t x'G5 /
;/n JolQmnfO{ a|Xdro{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . klxn] sfdjf;gfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ To;nfO{ ef]u ug{'k5{ .
hLjgdf s'g} s'/faf6 klg kf/ hfg To;sf] cg'ej ug{'k5{ . a|Xdro{ sfdjf;gfsf] ljk/Lt geP/
sfdjf;gfåf/f kfPsf] kL8f / Joy{tfsf] cg'ej xf] . o:tf] cg'ejaf6 u'lh|Psf] JolQm g} a|Xdro{df
pknAw x'G5 . h'g s'/fnfO{ ;dfKt ug{' 5, To;nfO{ l7s;Fu ef]Ug'k5{ lsgeg] cw'/f] cg'ejaf6 s'g}
s'/fsf] OR5f ;dfKt x'Fb}g . cw'/f] cg'ejaf6 sf]xL d'Qm x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] cw'/f] cg'ej ;+;f/d}
lkmtf{ x'g] åf/ xf] / k"/f cg'ej d'lQmsf] åf/ xf] .
>Ls[i0f a|XDfro{kl5 clx+;f eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] a|Xdro{df pknAw x'g] JolQm clx+;fnfO{
pknAw x'G5 . ha;Dd sfdjf;gf /xG5, ta;Dd JolQm lx+;|s x'G5 . csf]{ JolQmsf] zf]if0f /
pkof]u g} sfdjf;gf xf]≤ t;y{ of] lx+;f xf] . sfdjf;gfn] xfd|f] dgdf lx+;f hfu[t u5{ . s;}n]
o;df jfwf k'¥ofpg vf]Hbf p;nfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ dg;fo hfu[t x'G5, ToxL lx+;f xf] . sfdjf;gf
;dfKt ePkl5 clx+;fsf] efj hfu[t x'G5 . clx+;fsf] cy{ cGo s'g} JolQm;Fu k|of]hg geO{ cfˆgf]

nf]suLtf– 653
cWofo–!&
cfgGb cfkm}“df vf]Hg' xf] . clx+;|sn] leqL :ju{sf] cg'ej u5{ . jf;gf g/x]df lx+;f /xFb}g . >Ls[i0f
o;nfO{ g} z/L/ ;DaGwL tk eGg'x'G5 .
hf] pb\j]u gug]{jfnf lk|o, lxtsf/s / oyfy{ efif0f Pjd\ :jfWofosf] cEof; u5{, To;nfO{
lgM;Gb]x jf0fLsf] tk elgG5 . jf0fL lk|o / lxtsf/s x'g'k5{ cyf{t\ ha xfd|f] jf0fL s;}sf] lxtsf
nflu x'G5 eg] dfq af]Ng plrt x'G5, cGoyf gaf]Ng' g} a]; x'G5 . grflxg] s'/f af]n]df jf0fLsf]
lx+;f x'G5 t;y{ h] af]N5f}“, Tof] af]n]sf] ;'Gbf klg ;'Gg]nfO{ k|Llts/ jf0fL dfq af]Ng'k5{ . cGwfnfO{
cGwf] eGg' c;To xf]Og t/ p;nfO{ ;'/bf; eg]df To;df dfw'o{ x'g'sf ;fy} plrt klg x'G5 .
s;}nfO{ rf]6 k'¥ofpg eGbf ;+j]bgzLn eP/ c¿nfO{ klg k|Llts/ nfUg] u/L jf0fLsf] k|of]u
ug{'k5{ . pb\j]u pTkGg gug]{ lk|o, lxtsf/s / ;To s'/f u/f}“ h;af6 :jfWofosf] cEof; xf];\ .
af]Nbf xf];k"j{s / jf0fLdf dw'/tf 3f]Nb} Joy{sf] pb\j]u pTkGg gug]{jfnf eP/ cfˆgf] :jfWofo klg
rln/x]df Tof] jf0fLsf] tk x'g] 5 .
dgsf] k|;Ggtf, zfGt :jefj, df}g, dgsf] lgu|x, efjsf] kljqtf of] dg;DaGwL tk xf] .
>Ls[i0f o;nfO{ dgsf] k|;Ggtfsf] tk eGg'x'G5 . dgsf] k|;Ggtf dgsf] kf/ n}hfg] pkfo xf] . dg
k|;Gg x'Fbf k|;Ggtfsf] ;'uGw dfly aUg yfN5 . k|;Gg lrQ JolQmn] dfq k/dfTdfnfO{ hfGg ;S5 .
dlng, /f]uL / ?U0f lrQaf6 k/dfTdf k|fKt ug{ ;lsGg lsgeg] k/dfTdf k/d pT;j xf] . dgsf]
k|;GgtfnfO{ zfGt efj, df}gtf / dgsf] lgu|xåf/f hufP/ leq k|;Gg eO{ df}g d':s'/fx6åf/f k|s6
ug{'kb{5 . dg;Fu tfbfTDo gu/L qmf]w cfpFbf klg qmf]w cfkm" gePsf] / qmf]weGbf cfkm" k[ys\ ;fIfL
dfq x'F eGg] ;f]Rof}“ eg] ;fIfLefj g} dgsf] lgu|x x'g] 5 . efjnfO{ ckljq / sn'lift gug{' g}
efjsf] kljqtf xf] / efj g} xfd|f] ;Dkbf xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] dg;DaGwL tLg tksf] ;fwgf
ug{ ;Sof}“ eg] xfdLleq ;Œjsf] pbo x'g] 5 .
>4of k/of tKt+ tk:tlTqljw+ g/}M .
ckmnfsfª\lIfleo{'Qm}M ;flŒjs+ kl/rIft] ..!&..
x] ch{'g Û kmnnfO{ grfxg]jfnf lgisfd of]uL k'?ifx¿åf/f k/d >4fn] ul/g] k"jf]{Qm tLg
k|sf/sf tknfO{ ;flŒjs elgG5 ..
;Tsf/dfgk"hfy{+ tkf] bDe]g r}j ot\ .
lqmot] tlbx k|f]Qm+ /fh;+ rndw|'jd\ ..!*..
hf] tk :jod\sf] ;Tsf/, dfg / k"hfsf nflu cyjf cGo s]xL :jfy{sf nflu cyjf s]jn
kfv08n] dfq ul/G5, Tof] clglZrt / Ifl0fs kmnjfnf tknfO{ /fh; elgPsf] 5 ..
d"9u|fx]0ffTdgf] oTkL8of lqmot] tkM .
k/:of]T;fbgfy{+ jf tQfd;d'bfÅtd\ ..!(..
h'g tk d"9tfk"j{s x7n], dg, jf0fL / z/L/sf] kL8f;lxt cyjf c¿sf] clgi6 ug{sf nflu
ul/G5 Tof] tknfO{ tfd; elgPsf] 5 ..
kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff gx'g' ;Œjsf] z'4td nIf0f xf] t/ xfdL hLjgdf x/]s s[To kmnfsfª\Iffn]
g} ub{5f}+“ . rfxgfn] 56k6L / czfGt u/fpF5 . zflGt xfd|f] :jefj xf] t/ rfxgfn] o;sf] af]w x'g
lbFb}g . h'g lbg rfxgf ;dfKt x'G5, ta xfdLnfO{ zflGt ;b}j xfdL;Fu} /x]sf] af]w x'G5 . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– kmnnfO{ grfxg' ;flŒjs ;fwgfsf] klxnf] u'0f / nIf0f xf] / of] g} lgisfd bzf
klg xf] . ha s[Todf xf]Og kmndf /; x'G5, ta Tof] sfdsf] bzf x'G5 / ha kmndf xf]Og s[Todf
/; x'G5 eg] Tof] lgisfd bzf x'G5 . ch{'g o'4df cfkmGtx¿nfO{ df/]df lx+;f x'G5 eg]/ efUg

nf]suLtf– 654
 cWofo–!&
rfxG5g\ . pgn] xTof lx+;f ePsfn] of] kfk d ulb{gF eg]/ o'4af6 ljd'v x'g vf]h]sf] eP s[i0f s]xL
eGg'x'GgYof] xf]nf t/ ch{'g kmnsf] s'/f ub}{ 5g\ . pgL oqf cfkmGtnfO{ dfg{' s'g} ;f/ gePsf] /
o;af6 s]xL klg kmn k|fKt gx'g] s'/f ub}{ 5g\ . oxfF ch{'g lx+;fsf nflu xf]Og, s]jn cfkmGtx¿sf]
lx+;fsf nflu dfq lrlGtt 5g\ . cfkmGtsf 7fpFdf k/fof ePsf] eP pgLx¿sf] xTof ug{ pgdf s'g}
;ª\sf]r x'g] lyPg . ch{'gdf crfgs ;GGof; h:tf] b]lvg] bzf df]xefjsf] sf/0fn] pbo ePsf]
5 . o:tf] efj p7\g' ch{'gdf 1fgsf] pbo ePsfn] xf]Og lsgeg] 1fg t ;b}j jt{dfgdf x'G5 /
df]x ;b}j c1fg / eljiodf x'G5 . ch{'gnfO{ h] kfOG5 To;eGbf a9L u'dfpg'k5{ eGg] kmnsf]
ljrf/n] o'4 Joy{ nfu]sf] 5 .
>Ls[i0fsf] ;f/f r]i6f n8\g' jf gn8\g' eGbf ch{'gnfO{ lgisfdsdL{ agfpg' xf] . t;y{ pxfF
eGg'x'G5– ltdL kmnsf] cfzf g/fv / o:tf] ug{ ;Sof} eg] ltdL k/dfTdfsf] pks/0f dfq x'g] 5f} /
k/dfTdfn] h] u/fpF5, ToxL ltdL ug{ ;Sg] 5f} . olb o'4 u/fpg] k/dfTdfsf] OR5f xf] eg] Tof] geO{
6b}{g / olb k/dfTdf o'4 u/fpg rfxFb}g eg] Tof] sbflk x'g ;Sb}g . JolQmdf kmnfsfª\Iff gx'g]
lalQs} k/dfTdf g} stf{ x'G5 . kmnfsfª\Iff / cxª\sf/ JolQmx¿sf] s]G›df x'G5 . kmnsf] cfzf
5f]8]/ s[To ubf{ cxª\sf/ 5'6\5 . ch{'g cfkmGtnfO{ df/]/ kfPsf] ;fd|fHosf] cf}lrTo gePsf] o;/L
eGb} 5g\ ls h:tf] pgn] g} o'4 lhTg] lglZrt 5 . ha ls b'of]{wgtkm{sf of]4fx¿ klg plQs}
zlQmzfnL 5g\ . t;y{ ch{'gnfO{ ef]ln lht pgs} x'G5 eg]/ e/f];f ug]{ cfwf/ klg s]xL 5}g .
ch{'gsf] cxª\sf/ hf] s]G›df cfkm"nfO{ dfq b]V5, ToxL cfwf/df pgL To:tf] eGb} 5g\ .
kmnfsfª\Iffaf6 5'6\g' ;flŒjs JolQmsf] nIf0f xf] . t;y{ s[i0f af/Daf/ ch{'gnfO{ kmnfsfª\Iff 5f]8]/
sd{ ug{ k|]l/t ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . sd{sf] kmn s]jn k/dfTdfsf] xftdf x'G5 . /fd|f] sd{ ubf{ dfq geP/
slxn]sfxLF g/fd|} sd{ ubf{ klg /fd|f] kmn k|fKt x'g ;S5 . xfd|f] xftdf s]jn sd{ 5, kmn t
;dli6sf] xftdf ePsfn] p;}nfO{ 5f]8\g'k5{ .
x] ch{'g Û kmnnfO{ grfxg]jfnf lgisfd sd{of]uLx¿åf/f k/d >4fn] ul/g] tLg k|sf/sf
tknfO{ ;flŒjs elgG5 . s'g} rfxgfljgf lgldQ efjn] k/d >4fk"j{s ul/g] tk ;flŒjs tk xf] .
hxfF k/d >4f x'G5, ToxfF lgisfd efj x'G5 / >4fn' JolQm g} 1fgL x'G5 . >4f 1fg xf] eg] c>4f
c1fg xf] . k/d >4fn' JolQm ;b}j cfk"mn] ug{of]Uo sd{ u5{ / kmn ;bf k/dfTdfdf 5f]l8lbG5 .
k/d >4fdf /QLe/ ;Gb]x x'Fb}g / pm cfkm"n] h] /f]Kof] ToxL k|fKt x'G5 eg]/ ;f]Rb5 . t;y{ >4f /
lgisfd efjaf6 ul/g] s[To ;flŒjs tk xf] . ;Tsf/, dfg / k"hfsf nflu kfv08n] ul/g] tk ;b}j
clglZrt / Ifl0fs kmnjfnf x'g] x'Fbf of] /fh; tk xf] . c¿sf] k|z+;f kfpg eg]/ ul/Psf] pkjf;
jf o:t} tk ug]{ JolQm ;Tsf/sf nflu tk ub{5, hf] Ifl0fs kmnjfnf x'G5 . wg / kbaf6 Ifl0fs
;'v dfq k|fKt x'G5 . c¿sf] gh/df wfld{s b]lvg] p2]Zon] ul/g] tk kfv08n] ul/g] tk xf] . tk
ug]{ rfxgf, efj / >4f geP klg nf]sfrf/sf nflu afWotfk"j{s ug{' kfv08 xf] . /fh;L JolQmn]
tk klg ;Tsf/, dfg / kfv08sf nflu u5{ . kmnsf] cfsfª\Iffsf] p2]Zon] ul/g] tk /fh;L tk xf],
h;df Ifl0fs ;'v dfq x'G5 .
d"9tfk"j{s, x7n], dg, jf0fL / z/L/nfO{ kL8f cyjf c¿sf] clgi6 ug]{ p2]Zon] ul/g]
tknfO{ tfd; tk elgG5 . bDe, cs8, lh2L / x7L JolQmx¿ c¿n] ug{ g;s]sf] s'/f cfkm" u/]/
b]vfpg ;S5fF} eGg] 7fGb5g\ . o:tf JolQmx¿ sfF8fdf ;'Tg], Ps v'§fdf pleg], vfN8f] vg]/
z/L/nfO{ k'g]{ ub{5g\, h;af6 pgLx¿sf] cxª\sf/nfO{ t'li6 ldNb5 . /fh; JolQmn] t Ifl0fs ;'v
eP klg k|fKt u5{ t/ o:tf] td;\ tk ug]{ JolQmn] eL8 t hDdf ug{ ;S5g\ t/ k|flKt eg] z"Go
x'G5 . ;+;f/df b'O{ k|sf/sf d"9 JolQmx¿ Ps :jod\nfO{ ;tfpg] / csf]{ c¿nfO{ ;tfpg] x'G5g\ .

nf]suLtf– 655
cWofo–!&
cTolws tyfslyt ;fw'x¿ x7, dfg / ;Tsf/sf nflu tk u5{g\ eg] cToGt lgDg JolQm
kmnfsfª\Iffljgfsf] ;flŒjs tk ub{5g\ .
;flŒjs JolQmn] pkjf; k/dfTdfsf] glhs x'gsf nflu ub{5 . /fh; JolQm k|z+;f kfpg]
r]i6fn] cg;g u5{, h;sf k5fl8 cfsfª\Iff x'G5 . hxfF cfu|x x'G5, ToxfF ;Tofu|x x'g ;Sb}g
lsgeg] ;Tosf] s'g} cfu|x g} x'Fb}g . tfd;L JolQmn] tk d"9tfk"j{s u5{ lsgeg] p;sf] dgdf lx+;f
/ c1fg dfq x'G5 . tfd;L JolQm x7n] dg, jf0fL / z/L/nfO{ kL8f k'¥ofP/ cfˆgf] si6 / c¿sf]
clgi6sf nflu tk ub{5g\ . o:tf] d"9 lrQsf] JolQmdf cfˆgf] ;'vdf eGbf c¿sf] b'vdf /; x'G5
h'g td;\sf] nIf0f xf] . /fh; JolQm cfˆgf] ;'vdf k|;Gg x'G5 / ;Œj u'0fsf] JolQm c¿nfO{ ;'v
lbg'df ;'v k|fKt ub{5 . xfd|f] hLjgsf] ;f/f lx:;f log} tLg ultljlwdf afFl8Psf x'G5g\ . olb s'g}
JolQmn] :jfWofok"j{s cfˆgf j[lQx¿nfO{, cfˆgf b[li6x¿nfO{ / cfˆgf wf/0ffx¿nfO{ l7s;Fu
cWoog u¥of] eg] Tof] cg'ejaf6 xfdLleq dfly plSng] dfu{ lgdf{0f x'g yfN5 . ha xfdL ;Œjsf]
lgs6 x'G5f+}“, ta Tolt g} >4f / eujQfsf lgs6 x'G5f}“ .
bftJoldlt o2fg+ bLot]˜g'ksfl/0f] .
b]z] sfn] r kfq] r tb\bfg+ ;flŒjs+ :d[td\ ..@)..
x] ch{'g Û bfg lbg' g} st{Jo xf] . o:tf] efjaf6 h'g bfg b]z, sfn / kfqnfO{ lbFbf k|To'ksf/
gug]{ dg;foaf6 lbOG5, Tof] bfgnfO{ ;flŒjs elgPsf] 5 ..
oQ' k|To'ksf/fy{+ kmnd'l2Zo jf k'gM .
bLot] r kl/lSni6+ tb\bfg+ /fh;+ :d[td\ ..@!..
hf] bfg Sn]zk"j{s tyf k|To'ksf/sf] k|of]hgn] cyjf kmnnfO{ b[li6df /fv]/ k'gM lbOG5, Tof]
bfgnfO{ /fh; elgPsf] 5 ..
cb]zsfn] o2fgdkfq]EoZr bLot] .
c;Ts[tdj1ft+ tQfd;d'bfÅtd\ ..@@..
h'g bfg ljgf ;Tsf/ cyjf lt/:sf/k"j{s cof]Uo b]z sfndf s'kfqx¿nfO{ lbOG5, Tof] bfg
tfd; bfg xf] ..
>Ls[i0f tLg} u'0fnfO{ hLjgsf ;a} ;Gbe{x¿df ;Demfpg] k|of; ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . bfg lbg'
st{Jo xf] . klxn]sf] ;dodf st{Josf] h'g cy{ lyof], Tof] clxn] cke|+z / ljs[t ePsf] 5 . clxn]
h'g sfd leqL OR5f geO{ nf]sfrf/n] ug{'kg]{ x'G5, To;nfO{ xfdL st{Jo eGb5f}“ . cfdf–a'af la/fdL
x'Fbf ug]{ ;]jfnfO{ xfdL st{Jo eG5f}“ . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ x'sf{pg', k9fpg'df s'g} cxf]efj x'Fb}g t/
o;nfO{ klg xfdL st{Jo eG5f}“ . ca st{Jo zAbsf] ul/df g} x/fO;s]sf] 5 . st{Jo eGgfn]
bafadf ug]{ sd{ geO{ h] ug{ of]Uo 5 / h;sf cltl/Qm ug{of]Uo s]xL 5}g eGg] xf] . o:tf]
st{Jodf ;flŒjs efj x'G5 .
ef/tsf] dxf/fi6«df s[i0fsf] gfd la7f]afsf] gfdn] k|l;4 5 / o;sf] /f]rs syf 5 .
Pshgf s[i0fsf k/deQm cfˆgL cfdfsf] uf]8f ldr]/ ;]jfdf tNnLg lyP . s[i0f p;;Fu Psbd}
k|;Gg x'g'x'GYof] . t;y{ bz{g lbg cfkm}“ cfpg'eof] / s[i0fn] æd ltdLnfO{ e]6\g cfPsf] 5' dlt/ x]/Æ
eGg'eof] . Tof] eQmn] Pp6f OF§f cufl8 ;f/]/ eujfg\ s[i0fnfO{ cfdfsf] ;]jf g6'lËPsf] x'Fbf s]xL
If0f Tof] OF§fdf a;]/ k|tLIff ug{ eGof] . s[i0f ToxL OF§fdf a;]/ k|tLIff ug{'ePsfn] pxfFsf] gfd
la7f]af eof] . dxf/fi6«sf] kG9/k'/df la7f]afsf] cgf}7f] dlGb/ 5 hxfF eujfg\ eQmsf] OR5fcg';f/

nf]suLtf– 656
 cWofo–!&
a:g' ePsf] 5 . o;/L h;n] eujfg\nfO{ ;d]t cfdfsf] ;]jf ug{sf nflu k|tLIff u/fpF5, jf:tjdf
of] st{Jo xf] . hxfF eujfg\ / eQmlar o:tf] k|]d x'G5, ToxL k|fy{gfsf] km"n km'N5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;flŒjs JolQmsf nflu bfg lbg' st{Jo xf] lsgeg] lbg'eGbf 7'nf] s'/f
s]xL 5}g . lbg'df g} ;flŒjs JolQmsf] cfgGb k|uf9 x'g] x'Fbf ;flŒjs JolQmn] bfg k|;Ggtfk"j{s
lbG5 . lbg' g} cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt xf] . bfg lbg' st{Jo xf] eGg] efjn] h;n] b]z, sfn / kfq
lglZrt u/]/ bfg lbG5, Tof] JolQm ;flŒjs xf] . bfgsf] s[To zfZjt x'G5 . t;y{ ;flŒjs JolQmn]
bfg lbg'cl3 b]z, sfn / kfqnfO{ ljrf/ u/]/, vf]h]/ / lglZrt ePkl5 bfg lbG5 lsgeg] s]jn
lbg' kof{Kt x'Fb}g . ha cfˆgf] s[To ;bfsf nflu z'e x'G5 eg]/ ljZj:t eOG5, ta xf];k"j{s bfg
lbg'kb{5 . ;flŒjs JolQmn] k|To'ksf/ gug]{jfnfnfO{ bfg lbG5 lsgeg] bfg Jofkf/ xf]Og . bfg ToxL
JolQmnfO{ lbg'k5{ h;af6 lng] s'g} wf/0ff x'Fb}g . bfg o:tf] xf];\, hxfF wGojfbsf] dfusf] :yfg klg
garf];\ a? bfg u|x0f ug{ :jLsf/ u/]sf]df :jLsf/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ wGojfb:j¿k blIf0ff lbg
;lsof];\ . bfgL JolQmn] t s;}nfO{ yfxf g} glbO{ u'Kt bfg lbG5 . clnslt klg OR5f, k|z+;f /
wGojfbsf] efj ePdf Tof] ;flŒjs bfg x'Fb}g .
k|z+;f / wGojfb kfpg] OR5fn], Sn]zk"j{s tyf k|To'ksf/sf] k|of]hgn] kmnsf] p2]Zo /fv]/
lbOg] bfg /fh; bfg xf] . ha xfdL k|To'ksf/ rfxG5f}“, ta Tof] bfg cfgGb efjn] lbOPsf] bfg
x'Fb}g / ha kmn kfOG5 cyf{t\ k|lt–pQ/ cfpF5, ta dfq o:tf] JolQmnfO{ cfgGb cfpF5 . o:tf]
JolQmn] Sn]zk"j{s kmnsf] cfzf /fv]/ bfg lbg] x'Fbf of] bfg geP/ Jofkf/ x'G5 . p;n] z'4 bfgsf]
cb\e't If0fnfO{ Joy{ agfpF5 . h'g bfg ljgf ;Tsf/ cyjf lt/:sf/k"j{s cof]Uo b]zsfnsf
s'kfqnfO{ lbOG5, Tof] bfg tfd; elgPsf] 5 . /fh; JolQmn] ;Tsf/ u/]/ bfg lbG5 lsgeg]
o;af6 kl5 k|To'ksf/ kfpg'kg]{ x'G5 . leq hlt;'s} Sn]z el/Psf] eP klg aflx/ k|;Ggtf b]vfP/}
bfg lbG5 . t/ h'g bfgljgf ;Tsf/ cyjf lt/:sf/k"j{s lbOG5, To:tf] bfg ckdfgk"j{s lbOPsf]
x'G5 . bfg lbFbf ltdL bl/› JolQm xf}Ù To;}n] d bfg lbFb} 5' eGg] cfef; x'g] u/L htfP/ o:tf]
JolQmn] bfg lbG5 . tfd;L JolQmn] g b]zsfn ljrf/ u5{ g kfqsf] g} ljrf/ ug{ ;S5 . t;y{
o:tf] bfg gfd dfqsf] bfg x'G5 . tfd;L JolQmdf cfkm“}df kfqtf gx'g] x'Fbf p;n] kfq vf]Hg ;Sg]
;Defjgf klg x'Fb}g . tfd;L JolQmn] bfg lng] JolQm klg tfd;L g} vf]H5 . t;y{ b]zsfn
kfqtfsf] vf]h gu/L s'kfqnfO{ bfg lbFbf bfg lbg] / kfpg] JolQm b'j}sf] lxt xf]Og gf]S;fg dfq
x'G5 .
WofgL ;flŒjs JolQmnfO{ vf]hL u/]/ ef]hg lbof} eg] ltdL wGoefuL x'g] 5f} / k"/f hLjg
;fy{s x'g] 5 eg]/ a'4n] eGg'ePsf] 5 . a'4sf krf; xhf/ leIf' pxfF;Fu} x'Gy] / ef]hgsf] lgdGq0ff
lbg] JolQmx¿sf] nfdf] nfOg nfUbYof] . leIf'x¿ hxfF hfGy], pgLx¿sf] 7'nf] ;Ddfg ul/GYof] .
leIf'x¿ ;flŒjs x'gfn] Jojxf/af6 ;Œjsf] cfef; x'GYof] . pgLx¿ h'g 3/df ef]hg lnGy] TfL
JolQm wGoefuL x'Gy] . To;}n] ef]hg v'jfpg] JolQmn] leIf'nfO{ wGojfb;lxt blIf0ff ;d]t lbGy] .
;flŒjs bfg k|ltpQ/sf] cfsfª\Iff ljgf kfqtf x]/]/ lbOG5 / bfg lng] JolQmnfO{ blIf0ff klg lbP/
wGojfb JoQm ul/G5 . /fh; bfg Sn]zk"j{s cfsfª\Iffk"j{s k|ltpQ/sf] k|of]hgn] kmnnfO{ p2]Zo
/fv]/ lbOG5 . sltko k'/f]lxtx¿ oxfF bfg u/]df :ju{df To;sf] nfvf}“ u'0ff kmn kfOG5 eGg]
k|nf]eg lbP/ d"v{ agfpg vf]H5g\ h'g laNfs'n c;To / afn'jfdf kfgL xfNg' a/fa/ xf] . h;n]
s]xL cfzf g/fvL bfg lbG5, p;sf nflu jf:tljs :ju{ t oxLF 5 . Sn]zn] Sn]z a9fpF5 eg]
cfgGbn] cfgGb g} a9fpF5 . tfd; bfg s]jn ckdfg ug{, cxª\sf/nfO{ t[Kt ug{ lbOG5, o:tf] bfg
lglZrt g} s'kfqsf] xftdf k5{ / To;sf] b'ikl/0ffd x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 657
cWofo–!&
ç tT;lblt lgb]{zf] a|Xd0fl:qljwM :d[tM .
a|fXd0ff:t]g j]bfZr o1fZr ljlxtfM k'/f ..@#..
x] ch{'g Û ç, tt\, ;t\ o:tf tLg k|sf/sf] ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xdsf] gfd elgPsf] 5≤ To;}
a|Xdaf6 ;[li6sf] cflbsfndf a|fXd0f / j]b tyf o1flb /lrPsf] xf] ..
t:dfbf]ldTo'bfÅTo o1bfgtkMlqmofM .
k|jt{Gt] ljwfgf]QmfM ;tt+ a|Xdjflbgfd\ ..@$..
a|XdjfbL >]i7 k'?ifx¿nfO{ zf:q ljlwaf6 lgot ul/Psf] o1 bfg tk ¿k lqmofx¿ ;bf ç
o:tf] of] k/dfTdfsf] gfdsf] pRrf/0f u/]/ g} cf/De x'G5 ..
tlbTogle;Gwfo kmn+ o1tkMlqmofM .
bfglqmofZr ljlawfM lqmoGt] df]Ifsfª\lIfleM ..@%..
…tt\Ú gfdn] elgg] k/dfTdfsf] of] ;a} xf] eGg] efjn] kmnnfO{ grfx]/ gfgf k|sf/sf o1,
tk¿k lqmofx¿ tyf bfg¿k lqmofx¿ sNof0fsf] OR5f ePsf] k'?ifåf/f ul/G5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ç tt\ ;t\ o:tf] of] tLg k|sf/sf] ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xdsf] gfd
elgPsf] 5 . tt\ sf] cy{ Tof] (That) xf] . tt\ zAb t6:y 5 / o;df s'g} efj 5}g . eQmn]
eujfg\nfO{ ltdL eGb5g\ eg] 1fgL …tt\Ú sf] pkof]u ub{5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ç tt\ ;t\
k/dfTdfsf] :j¿k xf] . k/dfTdf çsf/ :j¿k / ;To xf] . ç tt\ ;t\ oL aX|dsf gfd x'g\ .
eQmx¿ …Tof]Ú sf] k|of]u gu/L …ltdLÚ of …tFÚ sf] k|of]u ub{5g\ t/ ltdLdf …dÚ klg ;dfj]z x'G5
lsgeg] …dÚ geO{sg ltdL x'g ;Sb}g / ltdLdf …dÚ klg x'Fbf la5f]8sf] ;Defjgf klg x'G5 t/ tt\
…Tof]Ú ;Fu la5f]8 x'g] ;Defjgf g} x'Fb}g . pklgifb\n] klg ç tŒjdl; Zj]ts]t' eg]sf] 5 h;sf] cy{
æTof] ltdL g} xf] Zj]t s]t'Æ eGg] xf] . ha s'g} JolQm cl:tTj;Fu s'g} km/skg geO{ Pstfsf]
cg'ej u5{, ta o:tf] Pstfsf] cg'e"ltsf] k/d ;Ldf ç tt\ ;t\ xf] . x] ch{'g Û ç tt\ ;t\ o:tf
oL tLg zAbaf6 ;lRrbfgGb3g a|XDfsf] gfd elgPsf] 5 . ;gftg wdf{jnDaLx¿n] k/d k|1faf6
k/dfTdfnfO{ …Tof]Ú eg]sf 5g\ . …Tof]Ú sf]/f of ?vf] zAb xf]Og . …Tof]Ú sf] :jfb lng g;Sgfn]
xfdLnfO{ ?vf] nfUg ;S5 t/ tt\ zAbsf] :jfb lng]nfO{ …ltdLÚ of …tFÚ zAb lkmsf / 5fofFh:tf]
nfU5 . pgLx¿n] c;nL gfd hfg]sf] x'gfn] …tFÚ / …ltdLÚ eGbf …Tof]Ú eGg'df pgLx¿nfO{ cfgGb
nfU5 . ha;Dd tF / ltdL d]l6Fb}g, ta;Dd tt\sf] cy{ hfGg ;lsGg .
p;sf] gfd ç xf] . of] tLg dfqfaf6 ag]sf] 5– c–p–d\Ù s[i0f oxfF klg lqu'0fsf] g} rrf{
ug'{x'G5 . ;f/f cl:tTj tLgaf6 ag]sf] 5 / ç klg tLgaf6 ag]sf] 5 . ç s'g} zAb geO{ of]
cb\e't Wjlg xf] / of] Wjlg dg'ioåf/f lgld{t xf]Og . xfd|f] ljrf/ z"Go ePkl5 dfq Tof] Wjlg
pknAw x'G5 . ha ;Eotf, ;+:s[lt / dg'iotf klg x/fP/ sf]/f cfsfz h:tf] vfnL x'G5f}“, ta
xfdLleq Pp6f gfbsf] pbo x'G5 . Tof] gfb t alh/x]sf] g} lyof] t/ xfdL vfnL gePsf] x'gfn] Tof]
;'Gg ;s]sf lyPgf}“ . ha xfdL z"Go eP/ vfnL x'G5f}“, ta Tof] ;'Gg ;S5f+}“ . of] gfb xfdLleq
cxlg{z rln/xG5 / oxL cxlg{z gfb ç xf] . of] çsf/sf] u'~hg leq rln/xG5, h'g dg'ioåf/f
pTkGg ePsf] xf]Og, of] t cgfxt gfb xf] . çsf/ d"n tŒj xf] . xfdL çsf/af6 hlGdPsf xf}“ /
çsf/s} ;3g ¿k xf+}“ . oxfF s[i0f xfdLn] pRrf/0f u/]/ pTkGg u/]sf] Wjlgsf] ljifodf rrf{ ub}{
x'g'x'Gg .
;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xdsf] gfd …ç tt\ ;t\Ú o:tf tLg zAbaf6 elgPsf] 5 . ;lRrbfgGb klg
tLg zAbaf6 ag]sf] 5 . c p d\ dWo] …cÚ ;t\sf] k|tLs xf] …pÚ lrQsf] / …dÚ cfgGbsf] k|tLs xf] .

nf]suLtf– 658
 cWofo–!&
ç k"0f{ ;lRrbfgGbsf] k|tLs xf] . ha çsf/sf] Wjlg xfd|f] leq aH5, ta xfdL cfk"mleq tLg s'/f
kfpF5f}“, klxnf] xfdL ;bf 5f}“ eGg] kfpF5f}“, hxfF xfd|f] x'g' g} cl:tjsf] ;bf x'g' xf] / x'g' efj ;t\
xf] . bf];|f] xfdL leq lrQ cyf{t\ r}tGo kfpF5f}“, Tof] xfd|f] x'g' k/d r}tGon] el/Psf] 5 . Tof] k/d
r}tGodf xf]; / hfu[lt dfq x'G5 / Tof] xf]; hfu[ltaf6} t];|f] cfgGbefj kmlnt x'G5 . ç tt\ ;t\
oL tLg k/dfTdfsf lgs6td nIf0f x'g\ / çsf/ p;sf] gfb xf] . To;}af6 ;[li6sf] cflbsfndf
a|fXd0f, j]b tyf o1flbs d}n] /r]sf] xf] eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . a|fXd0f, j]b / o1 oL klg tLg g}
5g\ / of] a8f] ;f/k"0f{ jrg 5 . ToxL ;t\ / çsf/af6 ;a} hlGdPsf x'g\ . s[i0f hGdnfO{ tLg
efudf a|fXd0f, j]b / o1df afF8\g'x'G5 . 1fgL h;n] a|XdnfO{ hfg]/ a|Xd:j¿k ePsf] 5 / h;n]
cfˆgf] leq rNg] cxlg{z cgfxt gfbnfO{ ;'g]/ ;lRrbfgGb3g :j¿k eO;s]sf] 5, Tof] a|fXd0f
xf] . a|XdnfO{ a|Xdåf/f g} hfGg ;lsG5 . JolQm ha k"/f ld6]/ vfnL x'G5 Tof] vfnL :yfgdf a|Xd
cfkm} plqG5 . a|fXd0f cfˆgf] r]i6fn] x'g ;lsGg .
o; ;Gbe{df Pp6f /f]rs syf 5– ljZjfldq Iflqo j+zdf hlGdP/ klg pgL a|fXd0f x'g
rfxGy] . To;a]nf jlzi7 Clif a|Xd1fgL lyP / pgsf] :jLs[ltljgf sf]xL a|fXd0f x'g ;Sb}gYof] .
ljZjfldqn] hlt r]i6f u/] klg jlzi7n] pgnfO{ a|fXd0f :jLsf/ u/]gg\ . of] syf j0f{Joj:yfsf]
geO{ r]i6f, k|dfb / k|;fbsf] syf xf] . ljZjfldqn] a;f}{+ s7f]/ tk u/] t/ jlzi7n] pgnfO{ a|fXd0f
dfg]gg\ . ljZjfldqdf cfkm"df a|fXd0f x'g] ;a} u'0f / z'l4x¿ lglxt /x]sf] x'Fbf d a|fXd0f eP/}
5f]8\5' eGg] cxª\sf/ df}h'b lyof] . kmn:j¿k pgn] k|z:t r]i6f u/] t/ cfˆgf] r]i6faf6 sf]xL
a|fXd0f x'g ;Sb}g . ljZjfldq Iflqo ePsf] x'Fbf jlzi7n] a|fXd0f dfGg tof/ gePsf] s'/f ;'g]kl5
pgL t/jf/ lnP/ jlzi7sf] xTof ug{ pgsf] cf>dlt/ uP . To; ;do jlzi7 cfˆgf lziox¿;Fu
a|Xdrrf{ ub}{ x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFn] lziox¿nfO{ ljZjfldqsf] tk:of ;fwgf k"/f eO;s]sf] / c¿
a|fXd0fx¿eGbf pgL of]Uo klg ePsf] t/ pgdf /x]sf] Ps t[0f a/fa/sf] cxª\sf/n] ubf{ pgnfO{
a|fXd0f 3f]if0ff ug{ cfk"m c;dy{ ePsf] eGg'eof] . n's]/ a;]sf ljZjfldqn] of] ;'g]kl5 pgsf]
t/jf/ :jtM xftaf6 em¥of] / pgL jlzi7sf] r/0fdf k/] . ta jlzi7n] æp7 a|fXd0fÆ eGg'eof] /
Ps If0fdf ljZjfldq a|fXd0f x'g'eof] . xftdf ha t/jf/ lyof] pgL /fh; lyP, csf]{ If0fdf ha
pgsf] ;ª\sNk ;dk{0f eof], pgL a|fXd0f eP . pgdf a|Xd :jod\ plqP/ cfof] .
>Ls[i0f ;[li6sf] cflbsfndf k|ydtM a|fXd0fsf] /rgf ul/Psf] xf] eGg'x'G5 . To;kl5
a|fXd0fn] a|XdnfO{ hfg]/ h] eg] To;af6 j]b lgld{t eof] / j]bnfO{ dfg]/ h] s[To ug{ ;lsG5, Tof]
o1flb sd{ aGof] . a|Xdaf6 a|fXd0f, a|fXd0faf6 j]b / j]baf6 o1flb sd{ aGf] . td;\ k|s[ltsf]
JolQmn] o1flb, /fh; k|s[ltsf] JolQmn] j]b cflb / ;Œj k|s[ltsf] JolQmn] a|fXd0fnfO{ 5fG5 .
a|fXd0f ;b\u'? pknAw ePdf j]bsf] s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g . t;y{ ;b\u'?sf] r'gfj ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 t/
;b\u'?sf] cefjdf sd{sf08 xf]Og, zf:q hf] 1fg / d'lQmsf] glur x'G5, To;sf] r'gfj ug{'k5{ .
olb zf:q pknAw 5}g eg] sd{sf08 dfq z]if /xg] x'Fbf Tof] r'Gg'afx]s c¿ ljsNk g} x'Fb}g
lsgeg] lqmofsf08 k/dfTdfsf] cflv/L k|ltWjlg xf] .
JolQmx¿ tLg k|sf/sf / k/dfTdfsf dfu{ klg tLg k|sf/sf g} 5g\ . ;j{k|yd o1flb
sd{x¿af6 aRg ;lsG5 eg] aRg] k|of; ug{'k5{ . tTkZrft\ zf:qaf6 klg aRg ;lsG5 eg] aRg
k|of; ug{'k5{ / ;b\u'? cyf{t\ a|fXd0f vf]Hg] k|of; ug{'k5{ lsgeg] a|fXd0faf6 k/dfTdf ;dIf l;w}
k'Ug ;lsG5 . >Ls[i0f a|XdjfbL >]i7 k'?ifx¿nfO{ zf:qljlwaf6 lgot ul/Psf] o1, 1fg / tk ¿k
lqmofx¿ ;bf k/dfTdfsf] gfd¿k ç pRrf/0f u/]/ g} k|f/De x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . ;f/f lxGb"
zf:qljlwx¿ çsf/af6} cf/De / çsf/d} k"0f{ x'G5g\ . of] k/dfTdf g} cf/De / oxL g} cGt xf]

nf]suLtf– 659
cWofo–!&
eGg] k|tLs xf] . xfdL k/dfTdfaf6 hlGdG5f}“ Pjd\ k/dfTdfd} ljnLg x'G5f}“ / xfd|f] j[Q ToxfF k"/f
x'G5 . klxnf] kfOnf hGd / clGtd kfOnf d[To' xf] . xfd|f] hLjgsf] ;''? / cGt klg ç d} k"0f{ x'G5 .
hLjgsf] k|f/De çaf6 ePsf] xfdLnfO{ 1ft 5}g t/ h'g lbg ç df k"0f{ x'G5, ToxL lbg xfdL ç
af6} ;''? eof“}+, ç d} hLjg ofqf u¥of}“ / çd} lj;lh{t x'Fb} 5f}“ eGg] 1ft x'G5 .
çaf6 ;'?jft eP/ çd} ;dfKt x'g] zf:qsf k|tLsx¿ ;/x xfdLn] klg xfd|f x/]s s[To
çaf6 cyf{t\ k/dfTdfaf6 ;'?jft eP/ k/dfTdfd} ;dfKt xf]pmg\ eGg] efj ug{'k5{ t/ ç
pRrf/0fn] xf]Og efjaf6 ul/g'k5{ . çsf klg tLg ¿k 5g\– klxnf] o1flbs, bf];|f] j]bsf] af]w,
cWoog, :jfWofo, dgg–lrGtg / t];|f] a|fXd0f h:tf] cGt/efj . tt\ cyf{t\ tt\ gfdn] elgg]
k/dfTdf g} of] ;a} xf] . o:tf] efjn] kmnnfO{ grfx]/ gfgf k|sf/sf o1, tk, ¿k lqmofx¿ tyf
bfg¿k lqmofx¿ df]Ifsf] cfsfª\Iff ePsf k'?ifx¿n] ub{5g\ .
oxfF s[i0fsf] jrgdf lj/f]wfef;sf] efg x'G5 lsgeg] of] ;a} p;}sf] xf] eGg] efjn] kmnnfO{
grfx]/ sNof0fsf] cfsfª\Iffjfnf k'?if cg]s lqmof ub{5g\ eGg'ePsf] 5 . df]Ifsf] cfsfª\Iff klg
kmns} cfsfª\Iff xf] . t/ o;df s'g} lj/f]wfef; 5}g lsgeg] xfdL ;+;f/sf] cfsfª\Iffdf afFlr/x]sf]
x'Fbf kmnsf] cfsfª\Iffaf6 d'lQm kfpg ;j{k|yd df]Ifsf] rfxgf pTkGg ug{'k5{ t/ rfxgf ug]{lalQs}
df]If k|fKt ug{ ;lsGg lsgeg] of] lj/f6\ cfsfª\Iff xf] . xfdLn] ;+;f/sf] cfsfª\Iff /fVof] eg] Tof]
t'?Gt k|fKt x'G5 lsgeg] of] 5'› rfxgf xf] . ;+;f/sf] cfsfª\Iff ljlIfKttfsf] ;fydf u/]df l;sGb/
of g]kf]lnog x'g ;lsG5 t/ k/dfTdf cfsfª\Iffaf6 kfpg ;lsGg . of] ;+;f/df ;a} s'/f kfP/ klg
s]xL kfOGg / o;/L s]xL klg ;+;f/df kfOGg eg]/ ;f]Rg] JolQm dfq wfld{s x'g ;S5 lsgeg]
;f/tŒj k/dfTdf dfq xf] . of] ;+;f/sf] bf}8 Joy{ nfu]kl5 dfq gofF bf}8 ;'? x'G5 / df]Ifsf] vf]h
;'? x'G5 . ;fy} df]Ifsf] bf}8df nfUg] JolQmnfO{ la:tf/} df]If bf}8af6 kfpg ;lsGg eGg] hfgsf/L
x'G5 . df]Ifsf] rfxgf klg 5f]8]kl5 dfq df]If kfpg ;lsG5 lsgeg] df]Ifsf] cy{ g} cfsfª\Iffaf6
d'Qm x'g' xf] . k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg] cy{ g} p;nfO{ kfpg] rfxgf klg g/xg' xf] . o:tf] crfxsf]
cj:yfdf dfq k/dfTdf kfOG5 .
df]Ifsf] cy{ g} sNof0f cyf{t\ cfsfª\Iffaf6 d'Qm x'g' xf] . k/dfTdf Ps /x:o xf] / p;nfO{
s]jn crfxsf] cj:yfdf dfq k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 / Tof] klg p;s} s[kfaf6 dfq k|fKt x'g ;S5 .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f kmnnfO{ grfx]/ df]Ifsf] cfsfª\Iff ug]{jfnf k'?ifx¿åf/f o1, tk / bfg ul/G5
eGg'x'G5 . df]Ifsf] rfxgfn] p;nfO{ kfpg afwf x'G5 t/ ;'? df]Ifsf] cfsfª\Iffaf6 ug{'k5{ / cGt
df]Ifsf] rfxgf klg 5f]8]/ lg/fsfª\Iffaf6 ug'{k5{ . rfxgfsf] cg'ejn] df]Ifdf k'Ug ;lsGg eGg] 1fg
ePkl5 rfxgf ;dfKt x'G5 / ToxLF df]If pknAw x'G5 .
;∫fj] ;fw'efj] r ;lbTo]tTk|o'Hot] .
k|z:t] sd{l0f tyf ;R5AbM kfy{ o'Hot] ..@^..
x] ch{'g Û k/dfTdfsf] gfd ;Toefjdf / >]i7 efjdf …;t\Ú sf] k|of]u ul/G5 . To;} u/L
pQd sd{df klg ;t\sf] k|of]u ul/G5 ..
o1] tkl; bfg] r l:yltM ;lblt rf]Rot] .
sd{ r}j tbyL{o+ ;lbTo]jflewLot] ..@&..
o1, tk / bfgdf h'g l:ylt 5, Tof] klg …;t\Ú xf] elgG5 tyf pg} k/dfTdfsf nflu ul/Psf]
sd{ ;t\ xf] eGg] s'/f klg lglZrttfk"j{s elgG5 ..

nf]suLtf– 660
 cWofo–!&
c>4of x't+ bQ+ tk:tKt+ s[t+ r ot\ .
c;lbTo'Rot] kfy{ g r tTk|]To gf] Ox ..@*..
x] ch{'g Û ljgf >4fn] xf]ldPsf] xjg tyf lbOPsf] bfg Pjd\ tk]sf] tk tyf h] h:tf] z'e sd{
ul/G5 Tof] ;d:t c;t\ xf] elgG5 . o;sf/0f c;t\ g t o; nf]sdf nfebfos 5, g d/]kl5 g}
csf]{ nf]sdf nfebfos 5 ..
ç tt\ ;t\ oL tLg zAbdf g} ;Dk"0f{ s'/f ;dflxt 5 . ç zAb xf]Og Wjlg xf] / o;sf]
s'g} cy{ 5}g lsgeg] ;a} cy{ dg'ion] lbPsf] xf] / ç cyf{tLt Wjlg xf] . h:tf] gbLsf] snsnsf]
gfb, xfjf j[Ifaf6 ul'h|Fbfsf] ;/;/fx6, cfsfzdf d]3sf] uh{g oL ;a} Wjlg dg'ioåf/f lbOPsf] x'Fbf
o;sf] s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g . ç df}lns Wjlg xf], h;af6 ;a} lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 / ToxL Wjlg ;3g ¿kdf
cnu–cnu 9Ëaf6 k|s6 ePsf] 5 . ç cyf{tLt 5 To;}n] çsf/nfO{ xfdLn] k/dfTdfsf] k|tLs
agfPsf 5f}+ .
k"j{df rf/j6f wd{sf] pbo ePsf] 5 . ;gftg lxGb" wd{af6 af}4, h}g / lzv wd{sf] pbo
ePsf] xf] . logLx¿sf lardf w]/} ljifodf dte]b eP klg ç sf] ;DaGwdf eg] s'g} dte]b 5}g .
u'?gfgs æPs çsf/ ;t\ gfdÆ eGg'x'G5 . of] …ç tt\ ;t\Ú s} ¿k xf] . h}g / af}4 wdf{jnDaLx¿
klg çsf/sf] k|of]u ub{5g\ . of] Ps zAb ;a} wd{lar u}/;fDk|bflos 5 . h}gx¿ a|Xd zAbsf]
pkof]u ub}{gg\ a? ç sf] pkof]u u5{g\ . a'4 cfTdf zAbsf] pkof]u ug{'x'Gg t/ çsf/sf] k|of]u
ug{'x'G5 . klZrddf ox'bL wd{af6 pbo ePsf O;fO{ / O:nfd wd{df klg çsf/s} Wjlg 5,
h;nfO{ pgLx¿n] l7s;Fu ;dfTg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . O;fO{x¿ cfldg eG5g\ eg] d';ndfgx¿ klg
x/]s k|fy{gfkl5 cfldg zAbsf] k|of]u ub{5g\ hf] çsf/s} Wjlg / ¿k xf] . of] Ps cy{xLg /
u}/;fDk|bflos ç zAbn] ;f/f wd{nfO{ afFw]/ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 .
…tt\Ú cyf{t\ Tof] h;nfO{ 1fgLx¿ k/dfTdfsf] ;Daf]wgsf nflu k|of]u ub{5g\ . xfdL eQm
k/dfTdfnfO{ …ltdLÚn] ;Daf]wg u5f}{+ / o;af6 kf/ hfg sl7g 7fGb5f}“ lsgeg] …ltdLÚ af6 …tt\Ú df
hfFbf pgL;Fu ;DaGw g} 5'6] h:tf] nfU5 . elQm ;DaGw xf] / 1fg c;DaGw xf] . elQmdf Ps
k|sf/sf] b"/L sfod /xG5 eg] 1fgdf Ps x'g ;lsG5 . t;y{ 1fgLx¿n] k/dfTdfnfO{ …tt\Ú eg]sf
x'g\ . of] Ps t6:y zAb xf] . t];|f] zAb …;t\Ú sf] cy{ hf] ;bf 5 eGg] xf] . ç tt\ ;t\df
lxGb"x¿sf] ;f/f j]bfGt, ;f/ / cfTdf ;dflxt 5 . kxf8x¿ klg aG5g\ / d]l6G5g\ t/ k/dfTdf
zfZjt / ;gftg 5 . t;y{ h] ;bf 5 Tof] ;t\ xf] / ToxL k/dfTdf xf] . xfd|f] x'g'df b'O{tkm{ eL/
5 . lxhf] lyPgf}“ cfh 5f+} ef]ln km]l/ x'Fb}gf}“ . xfd|f] x'g' If0fe/nfO{ dfq xf] t/ k/dfTdf ;bf 5 .
;t\sf] cy{ xf] hf] ;bf 5 / h;sf] gx'g' c;Dej 5 . xfdL ljnLg eP klg xfdLleqsf] k/dfTdf
;bf /xG5 . h'g lbg xfdL cfkm"leqsf] slxNo} ghlGdg], slxNo} ;dfKt gx'g] hf] ;bf 5, Tof]
;t\nfO{ hfGg] 5f+}, Tof] lbg xfd|f] e8\sfp / b'vsf] cGt x'g] 5 .
k/dfTdf 5 eGbf k'g?lQm x'gfn] xfdL pxfFnfO{ ;t\ eGb5f}“ . pklgifb\ / j]bfGtn] k/dfTdf 5
eg]/ bfjf ub}{g lsgeg] hf] 5, pxL k/dfTdf xf] / x'g' dfq k/dfTdf xf] eGb5g\ . klZrddf
gfl:tsx¿ w]/} hGd] lsgeg] klZrddf k/dfTdf 5 elgG5 / h'g s'/f 5 elgG5 To;nfO{ 5}g eg]/
klg ts{ ug{ ;lsG5 . h:tf] dg'io cfh 5 ef]ln x'Fb}g . xfd|f] j]bfGt cg';f/ k/dfTdfsf] JofVof
klZrdn] ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}n] lxGb"x¿sf] 3f]if0ff leGg 5 . xfdL O{Zj/nfO{ ;t\ eGb5f}“ . ;t\
p;sf] u'0f geO{ :j¿k xf] . u'0f x/fpg ;S5 t/ :j¿k slxNo} x/fpFb}g . xfd|f] x'g' u'0f xf] :j¿k

nf]suLtf– 661
cWofo–!&
xf]Og / k/dfTdfsf] x'g' :j¿k xf] u'0f xf]Og . k/dfTdf ;bf 5 To;}n] k/dfTdfnfO{ ;t\ eGg' g}
pko'Qm x'G5 .
ç tt\ ;t\ of] ta ;To x'G5, ha xfdL d]l6P/ To;df ljnLg x'G5f}“ . xfdL ha ljnLg
x'G5f+}“, ta dfq k/dfTdf x'g'sf] k|uf9tfsf] uxg cg'ej x'g ;S5 . xfdL g} aGwg x'Fbf xfdLaf6}
d'lQm rflxG5 . h'g lbg xfdL g/xL ljnLg x'G5f+}“, ta h] z]if /xG5 Tof] ç tt\ ;t\ xf] . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– ;t\ of] k/dfTdfsf] gfd ;To / >]i7 efjdf k|of]u ul/G5 / x] kfy{ Û pQd sd{df klg
;t\ zAb k|of]u ul/G5 . hxfF hxfF cxª\sf/z"Go x'G5, ToxLF ;t\ zAbsf] k|of]u x'G5 . lg/xª\sf/
efjn] ul/g] Tof] sd{ hf] xfdLåf/f k/dfTdfn] u/fpF5 Tof] ;t\sd{ xf] . xfdLåf/f ul/Psf] ;]jf olb
k/dfTdfn] u/fPsf] xf] eg] dfq Tof] ;t\sd{ xf] cGoyf xf]Og . To:t} bfg lbFbf xfd|f] xft k/dfTdfsf]
xft ag]/ xfdL s]jn pks/0f dfq eof}“ eg] Tof] ;t\sd{ x'G5, cGoyf bfg / ;]jf klg ;t\sd{ x'Fb}g .
;t\ sd{sf] cy{ /fd|f] sfd xf]Og . lg/xª\sf/k"j{s ul/Psf] c;n / plrt sd{ dfq ;t\sd{ xf] .
k/dfTdfaf6 x'g] sd{ ;t\sd{ / xfdLaf6 x'g] sd{ c;n sd{ xf] lsgeg] xfd|f] sd{df cxª\sf/
lglxt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o1, tk / bfgdf h'g l:ylt 5, Tof] klg ;t\ xf] elgG5 / Tof]
k/dfTdfsf] nflu ul/Psf] sd{ lgZrok"j{s ;t\ xf] elgG5 . pxfF eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û o'4 g ;t\ g
t c;t\ g} xf] . t;y{ of] s;/L ug]{ ltdLdf lge{/ x'G5 . o'4nfO{ g/fd|f], lx+;|s, b'isd{ / kfk
g;f]r . oxfF k|Zg o'4sf] xf]Og k|Zg t o'4 ug]{jfnfsf] xf] . t;y{ olb ltdL lgldQ efjn] cfkm"n]
u/]sf] g;Dem]/ o'4df plqG5f} eg] k/dfTdfn] g} of] ;a} ltdLåf/f u/fpF5 . ltdL laraf6 x6]/ of]
k/dfTdfnfO{ ug{ lbof} eg] Tof] ;t\sd{ x'G5 / of] o'4 klg wd{ o'4 x'G5 . t/ olb ltdLn] cfkm}“ o'4
ul//x]sf] 5' eGg] 7fGof} eg] Tof] c;t\ xf] . t;y{ ;t\ / c;t\sf] sd{;Fu ;DaGw 5}g . Pp6f j]Zof
/ rf]/n] klg cfˆgf] :jsd{df k|fdfl0fs ¿kdf c6n /x]/ ljgf e]befj cfˆgf] st{Jokfng u5{g\ eg]
Tof] ;t\sd{ x'G5 . olb Pp6f xTof/fn] klg cfˆgf] cxª\sf/ Tofu]/ k/dfTdfn] u/fP adf]lhd cfkm"
lgldQ eP/ sd{ u5{ eg] p;sf] s[To klg ;t\ x'G5 .
bfg, tk, o1 h] u/] klg ToxfF /QLe/ klg cxª\sf/ 5 eg] Tof] s[To aflx/af6 hlt;'s}
plrt b]lvP klg ;t\ x'Fb}g . k/dfTdfsf] xft ePsf] s[To dfq ;t\ xf] lsgeg] k/dfTdf dfq ;t\
xf] . x] ch{'g Û ljgf >4f xf]ldPsf xjg tyf lbPsf] bfg, tk]sf] tk h:tf sd{ c;t\ x'g\ elgG5 .
>4fsf] cy{ ;dk{0f / lgldQ x'g'sf ;fy} æd s]xL xf]OgF ;a} ltdL xf}Æ eGg] efj xf] . >4fsf] cy{
ltd|f] OR5f eGg] ;dk{0fsf] efj xf] . o;/L sd{ u/]df xfdLnfO{ sd{sf] hfnn] / kfkn] 5'g ;Sb}g .
ljgf >4f ul/g] ;a} s[To c;t\ dfq x'g\ . To;}n] Tof] g Oxnf]sdf nfebfos 5 g k/nf]sdf g}
nfebfos x'G5 . cfkm"åf/f ul/g] x/]s sd{ cxª\sf/n] ul/g] x'Fbf Tof] s[To cwd{ / c;t\ xf] .
lg/xª\sf/ efjn] ul/g] ;a} s[To hxfF k/dfTdf g} stf{ x'G5 Tof] wd{ / ;t\ xf] . cfkm" ljnLg eP/
klg z]if /xg] o1, tk, bfg g} ç tt\ ;t\ xf] .
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] >4fqoljefuof]uf] gfd
;Ktbzf]˜WofoM ..!&..

nf]suLtf– 662
 cWofo–!&

nf]suLtf– 663
cWofo–!&

nf]suLtf– 664
 cWofo–!*
ç >Lk/dfTdg] gdM
c7f/f}+ cWofo
df]If;GGof;of]uM

ch{'g pjfr
;GGof;:o dxfafxf] tŒjldR5fld j]lbt'd\ .
Tofu:o r ÅifLs]z k[ySs]lzlgif"bg ..!..
ch{'gn] eg]– x] dxfafx' Û x] Clifs]z Û x] jf;'b]j Û d ;GGof; / Tofusf tŒjaf/] k[ys\ k[ys\
hfGg rfxG5' ..
>Leujfg'jfr
sfDofgf+ sd{0ff+ Gof;+ ;GGof;+ sjof] ljb'M .
;j{sd{kmnTofu+ k|fx':Tofu+ ljrIf0ffM ..@..
x] ch{'g Û sltko kl08tx¿ sfDosd{sf] TofunfO{ ;GGof; 7fGb5g\ / slt ljrIf0f cyf{t\
ljrf/ s'zn k'?if s]jn ;a} sd{sf] kmnsf] TofunfO{ Tofu eGb5g\ ..
TofHo+ bf]ifjlbTo]s] sd{ k|fx'd{gLlif0fM .
o1bfgtkMsd{ g TofHoldlt rfk/] ..#..
s}og\ dgLifL eG5g\– sd{ ;a} bf]ifo'Qm 5, To;}n] sd{ TofUg of]Uo 5 / c¿ ljåfg\x¿ eG5g\–
o1, bfg / tk ¿k sd{ TofUg of]Uo 5}gg\ ..
of] uLtfsf] clGtd cWofo xf] . x/]s s'/f ;'? ePkl5 ;dfKt klg x'G5 . >Ls[i0fh:tf]
cnf}lss / cb\e't k'?ifsf] jrg klg k"0f{lj/fd x'g nfUof] . ;a} zf:qsf] ;'? / cGt x'G5 t/ ;To
zfZjt x'G5 . zAb If0feª\u'/ ePsfn] s[i0fsf zAb klg ljnLg t x'G5g\ t/ pxfFsf jrgdf /x]sf]
;Tosf] k|lt5fof kfgLdf rG›df b]lvPh:t} ;b}j k|ltljlDat eO/xg] 5 . zfZjtnfO{ k|ltljDasf
dfWodaf6 vf]Hg] k|of; u/]df uLtfk|lt jf:tjdf cxf]efj JoQm u/]sf] 7xg{] 5 . uLtfsf zAbdf
clNemg] JolQm s[i0faf6 jl~rt x'G5 . t;y{ uLtfsf zAbnfO{ ;'g]/ lgMzAbsf] ofqfdf lgl:sg'k5{ /
hxfFaf6 uLtf k|jflxt ePsf] 5, Tof] dxfr}tGo¿kL >Ls[i0fsf] vf]hdf a9\g'k5{ . uLtf cToGt}
ax'd"No ePsfn] o;df ;t\sf] vf]hL ug'{k5{ / ToxL ;t\ jf cGtxLg r}tGosf] gfd >Ls[i0f xf] .
dg'io hfltsf Oltxf;df hlt klg ts{ / k|Zgsf ;Defjgfx¿ 5g\, TfL s'g} klg k|Zgx¿
ch{'gn] 5f]8]gg\ / zfZjtdf nLg ePsf] JolQmaf6 hlt ;dfwfg cfpg ;S5 tL s'g} pQ/
>Ls[i0fn] 5f]8\g'ePg . To;}n] uLtf ;f/f dg'iosf] lh1f;f, vf]h / pknlAwsf] ;f/;~ro xf] .
;Tosf] vf]hdf uxg d}qL efj tyf lziosf] efj cfjZos x'G5 . ch{'gsf] rrf{sf] k|f/De ldq¿kL
s[i0f;Fu ePsf] lyof] t/ cGt x'Fbf gx'Fb} pgL lzio aGg k'u] . ch{'gn] hlt ;f]Wb} uP >Ls[i0fsf]
lj/f6tf plt g} k|s6 x'g yfNof] . ch{'gsf] Åbo ;+jfbk"0f{ lyof] / pgsf ;Dk"0f{ ts{x¿ s[i0fnfO{
a]l7s k|dfl0ft ug]{ geP/ ;b\efjk"0f{ jftfj/0fdf cfˆgf] ;+zo d]6fpg] dfq lyP . To;}n] cGtdf
ch{'gn] s[i0fsf s'/f a'em]/ cfTd;ft\ ug{ ;kmn eP .

nf]suLtf– 665
cWofo–!*
eujb\uLtf hlGdgdf >Ls[i0f hlQs} ch{'gsf] klg xft 5 . uLtf b'j}sf] d}qLk"0f{ ;+jfbaf6
hlGdPsf] xf] . ltAatdf Pp6f k'/fgf] egfO 5– lzion] u'?nfO{ vf]Hg ;Sb}g . u'?n] g} lzionfO{
vf]H5 lsgeg] d]3 ha hnn] el/G5, ta pm al;{g vf]H5, km"n ha ;'uGwn] el/G5, ta xfjfsf]
KjfFvdf a;]/ gf;fk'6 vf]Hg yfN5 . u'? hnn] el/Psf] d]3 xf] h;n] pQKt Åbosf] vf]h u5{ .
lzion] u'? vf]Hg ;Sb}g lsgeg] p;;Fu u'?nfO{ vf]Hg] s'g} of]Uotf / dfkb08 g} x'Fb}g . p;nfO{ of]
c1ft dfu{sf] s'g} k|tLlt klg x'Fb}g . u'?sf] z/L/ dfq oxfF x'G5 t/ pm cs}{ nf]sdf x'g] x'Fbf
lzion] u'?nfO{ lrGg klg ;Sb}g . To;}n] u'?n] g} lzio vf]Hb5 . ch{'gsf] klxnf] lh1f;faf6 g}
uLtfsf] ofqfsf] ;'?jft ePsf] xf] . cfÏgf] lh1f;fsf af/]df ch{'g :jod\ cgle1 5g\ . oL k|Zgx¿
ch{'gn] ;f]w]sf] h:tf] k|tLt x'G5 t/ s[i0fn] g} p;nfO{ pS;fP/ ;f]Wg nufPsf] x'g ;S5 lsgeg]
ch{'gnfO{ s[i0fn] g} 5fGg'ePsf] xf] . ch{'g s[i0f;Fu k|Zgsf] a;f{t u5{g\ t/ ljjfb ub}{gg\ . pgL
s[i0fnfO{ a]l7s k|dfl0ft ug{ klg vf]Hb}gg\, s]jn cfˆgf] ;+zonfO{ dfq cleJoQm u5{g\ . ch{'gsf]
Åbo t k|]dk"0f{ 5 t/ pgsf] dl:tis / dgn] ;Gb]x p7fO/x]sf] 5 .
uLtfsf] of] clGtd cWofo df]If;GGof; of]u xf] . lxGb"x¿sf nflu df]If clGtd s'/f xf] .
;+;f/df c¿ wd{x¿sf nflu eg] df]If clGtd xf]Og lsgeg] r]tgfsf] Tolt w]/} ulx/fOdf cWoog
/ vf]h ePsf] 5}g . lxGb"x¿ cy{, sfd, wd{ / df]If rf/ k'?iffy{ 5 eGb5g\ . olb cGo ;+:s[lt w]/}
dfly p7]df wd{;Dd k'u]sf] kfOG5 t/ df]If wd{eGbf klg kf/ x'G5 . wd{ klg 5'6]df dfq JolQm
d'Qm x'g ;S5 . lxGb"x¿n] wd{nfO{ t];|f] uGtJo dfg]sf 5g\ / wd{ klg pgLx¿sf] clGtd uGtJo
xf]Og . h'g ;+:s[lt wd{;Dd klg k'Ug ;s]gg\, tL bf];|f] uGtJo sfd;Dd k'u]sf] kfOG5 . w]/}h;f]
JolQmx¿ sfd cyf{t\ jf;gf;Dd dfq hfg ;S5g\ . hf] To;eGbf klg tn 5g\, ltgLx¿sf nflu
;a} s'/f cy{ cyf{t\ wg g} x'G5 . logLx¿sf] ;+Vof cToflws 5 . o:tf] JolQmsf] r]tgf
sfdjf;gfeGbf lgDg x'G5 . wg d'bf{t'No x'G5 eg] jf;gf k|fs[lts / hLjGt x'G5 . h;sf] p2]Zo
s]jn wg sdfpg' x'G5 p;sf] r]tgf ;a}eGbf lgDg x'G5 / wgdf k"0f{ x'g] ;+:s[lt klg lgDg
;+:s[lt xf] . cy{eGbf dflysf] r]tgf sfd xf] t/ of] klg lgDgsf]l6d} k5{, o;df klg csf]{
JolQm;Fu sfdjf;gfsf] ;DaGw dfq x'G5 t/ ulx/f] k|]d x'Fb}g . sfdjf;gf s]jn z/L/sf] kl/lwsf]
If0feª\u'/ ldng xf] . sfdjf;gfsf] ;DaGwdf Ps csf{ lar lge{/tf x'g] x'Fbf ToxfF ;ª\3if{, åGå /
lj/f]w x'G5 . klt / kTgLsf lardf ha;Dd sfdjf;gfsf] ;DaGw lt/f]lxt x'Fb}g, ta;Dd ;ª\3if{
hf/L /xG5 . t'ngfTds ¿kdf sfdjf;gf cy{eGbf /fd|f] xf] t/ of] klg lgDg r]tgf g} xf] .
cy{ / sfdd} ;dfKt x'g] ;+:s[lt cwfld{s xf] . o;eGbf dflyNnf] åf/ wd{sf] x'G5, h;n]
xfdLnfO{ z/L/eGbf dfly p7fpF5 / r}tGo agfpF5 . ha klt / kTgLlar sfdjf;gfsf] gftf /xFb}g
ta wd{sf] gftf x'G5 / k|]d hlGdG5 . k|]d wd{sf] 5fofF x'Fbf wfld{s JolQmsf] lgs6 k|]d al;{G5 .
sfdjf;gf ePsf] JolQmx¿sf cf;kf; b'u{Gw km}lnG5 / wd{;Fu hf]l8Psf JolQmsf] lgs6 ;'uGw /
tfhfkg kfOG5 . sfdjf;gfdf eo / ;ª\sL0f{tf x'G5 / o;n] Ps;Fu hf]8]/ w]/};Fu 6f9f kf5{ eg]
wd{df cfZjf;g, ljZjf; / k|]d ePsf] x'Fbf o;n] cg]s;Fu hf]8\b5 . wd{sf] hut\df s'g} k|lt:kwf{,
O{iof{, kl/u|x x'Fb}g . ;fy} wd{sf] hut\df s0f–s0fdf k/dfTdfsf] emnssf] k|tLlt x'g yfN5 . t/
lxGb" ;+:s[lt wd{df klg /f]lsFb}g / df]Ifsf] vf]h u5{ . wd{af6 klg d'Qm x'g' df]If xf] . df]Ifsf]
bzfdf k/dfTdf dfq x'G5 / s0f klg z]if /xFb}g . :jtGq tyf kl/k"0f{ hfu[t r}tGo df]If xf] . b'O{
/x'Gh]n;Dd d'lQm x'Fb}g, cå}tdf dfq d'lQm x'G5 . of] c7f/f+}“ cWofo df]If ;GGof; of]usf] cWofo
xf] . df]If g} xfd|f] k/d nIo xf] / ;GGof; Tof] k/d nIonfO{ kfpg] dfu{ xf] . lxGb'x¿sf] vf]hdf
;GGof; dfu{ / df]If nIo xf] .

nf]suLtf– 666
 cWofo–!*
ch{'gsf] cflv/L lh1f;f ;GGof; / df]Ifsf] 5 . To;sf] kf/ cGo s'g} lh1f;f x'g ;Sb}g .
ch{'gn] ;f]w]– x] dxfafx' Û x] Clifs]z Û x] jf;'b]j Û d ;GGof; / Tofusf] tŒjaf/] k[ys\–k[ys\ hfGg
rfxG5' . ch{'g ;GGof; / df]Ifsf af/]df hfGg rfxG5g\, h'g wf/0ffx¿ cToGt ;"Id 5g\ .
1fgLx¿n] o; ;DaGwdf lbPsf ljleGg k|sf/sf jQmJon] ubf{ pNemg pTkGg ePsf] 5 . t;y{
ch{'gn] cfˆgf] Åbosf] efj x] Clifs]z Û x] dxfafx' Û x] jf;'b]j Û eg]/ JoQm ub}{ 5g\ . Åboaf6 k|]d
efj k|s6 ub}{ ch{'g cfˆgf] Åbo g} >Ls[i0f;dIf /flvlbG5g\ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û sltko
kl08t hgx¿ t sfDosd{sf] TofunfO{ ;GGof; eGb5g\ / slt ljRfIf0f k'?if ;j{sd{sf] kmnsf]
TofunfO{ Tofu eGb5g\ tyf s}og\ dgLifL eG5g\– sd{ ;a} bf]ifo'Qm ePsfn] TofUgof]Uo 5 / s]xL
ljåfg\ o1, bfg / tk ¿k sd{ TofUg of]Uo 5}gg\ klg eGb5g\ .
To; ;dodf hfGg] k|1fjfg\ k'?ifnfO{ kl08t elgGYof] . t/ cfh zf:qsf] cWoog u/]/
sd{sf08 ug]{ JolQm kl08t ePsf 5g\ . cfhsf] kl08t cg'ejaf6 l/Qf] / zAbaf6 el/Psf] x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sltko kl08thg sfDosd{sf] TofunfO{ ;GGof; eGb5g\ . sd{ b'O{ k|sf/sf
x'G5g\, Pp6f cfjZos sd{ / bf];|f] sfDo sd{ . clgjfo{ sd{x¿ h:tf] ef]s nfUbf ef]hg h'6fpg',
udL{ eP zLtn 7fpFsf] vf]hL ug{', jf;sf nflu cf>dsf] Joj:yf ug{' h'g 1fgL k'?ifn] klg u5{g\
tL cfjZos sd{ x'g\ . o:tf] cfjZos sd{sf] Tofu s'g} k|1fjfg\ k'?ifn] klg ub}{gg\ . To;}n] of]
sfDosd{ geO{ clgjfo{ sd{ xf] h'g k|1fjfg\ k'?ifn] klg ug{' g} k5{ . ef]s, Kof;, j:q / 5fgf] of]
;a}nfO{ geO{ gx'g] cfjZostf xf] . sfDo sd{ jf;gfhGo sd{ xf] . jf;sf nflu Ps sf]7f kof{Kt
x'G5 t/ cxª\sf/nfO{ k'li6 ug{ dxnsf] lgdf{0f ug{' cfjZostfeGbf a9L jf;gfhGo sd{ ug{' xf] .
To;}n] o:tf] sd{ sfDosd{ xf] . cfjZostfeGbf a9L jf;gfhGo ;a} sd{ sfDo sd{ x'g\ .
;GGof;sf] cy{ cfjZostf dfq z]if /xf];\ / grflxFbf] s]xL g/xf];\ eGg] xf] . s'g} klg
sfdgfsf sf/0fn] hlGdPsf cgfjZos s'/fx¿ g/xg' ;GGof; xf] . ;'vL x'gsf nflu sfdgfaf6
d'Œfm x'g'k5{ eg] b'vL x'gsf nflu l;sGb/ h:tf] sfdgf x'g' kb{5 . sfdgfaf6 d'Œfm x'g ;s] hLjg
;/n x'G5 . cfjZos j:t' k|fKt ug{ sd{sf] Tofu ug{'kb}{g t/ Joy{sf j:t'x¿sf] sfdgf k"lt{ ug{
ul/g] sd{sf] Tofu ug{'k5{, h'g sfDosd{sf] Tofu xf] . sfDosd{sf] TofunfO{ ;GGof; eGg' Pp6f
b[li6 xf] / of] ;GGof;;Dd k'¥ofpg] Pp6f dfu{ xf] . ;fy} c¿ sltko ljRfIf0f k'?if ;a} sd{sf]
kmn TofUg'nfO{ Tofu eGb5g\ egL >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . sfDosd{ 5f]8\g' ;GGof; xf] eGg] JolQmx¿
k|1fjfg\ k'?if x'g\ t/ o:tf ljRfIf0f k'?ifx¿ klg 5g\ hf] s]xL 5f]8\g h?/L 5}g, s]jn kmnsf] Tofu
dfq u/] k'U5 eGb5g\ . o:tf] cgf}7f] b[li6 pknAw ePsf] k'?ifnfO{ >Ls[i0f ljRfIf0f k'?if eGg'x'G5 .
k|1fjfg\ k'?ifn] eg]sf] Tofu ;a}n] a'‰g ;/n 5 . t;y{ o:tf k|1fjfg\ JolQmx¿sf] 7'nf]
k|efj klg 5 . dxfjL/, a'4 oxL ljrf/sf k'?if x'g'x'G5 t/ ljrIf0f k'?if t >Ls[i0f :jod\
x'g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f s]xL 5f]8\g'kb}{g, s]jn kmnsf] Tofu dfq u/] k'U5 eGg'x'G5 . To:t} hgsn] klg
1fg k|fKt ePkl5 s]xL 5f]8\g'ePg, s]jn kmnfsfª\Iff dfq 5f]8\g'eof] . kmnfª\sfIfL gePkl5 s'g}
klg sd{df cfklQ x'Fb}g . kmn k/dfTdfsf] xftdf 5 eGg] efjgfn] sd{ ug{ ;Sg' dxf;GGof; xf] .
of] efj ;Wof] eg] k/dfTdfn] kmn lbPdf Tof] k|;fb x'G5 / glbFbf klg :jLsf/efj x'G5 . of] dfu{
sl7g 5 t;y{ ljRfIf0f k'?ifn] dfq o; dfu{nfO{ ;fWg ;S5g\ .
s}og\ dgLifLx¿ ;a} sd{ bf]ifk"0f{ 5g\, To;}n] o;nfO{ TofUg'k5{ eG5g\ . pgLx¿sf ljrf/df
sd{ g} bf]ifk"0f{ ePsfn] xfdLn] h] u/] klg To;df bf]if nfUg] 5 To;}n] Tof] TofUg of]Uo 5 . h:tf]
Zjf; lnFbf, kfgL lkpFbf, ef]hg ubf{, lxF8\bf, a:bf x/]s lqmofdf lx+;f x'G5 . t;y{ pgLx¿ ;a} sd{
Tofu]/ csd{nfO{ pknAw x'g / cGtdf s'g} sd{ gx'g] cj:yfdf k'Ug eG5g\ . o:tf] csd{sf]

nf]suLtf– 667
cWofo–!*
cj:yfaf6 dfq d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 eGg] pgLx¿sf] egfO 5 . uLtf Pp6f ulx/f] ;dGjo xf] .
>Ls[i0fn] o; hut\df /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ dfu{x¿nfO{ uLtfdf ;dfj]z ug{'ePsf] 5 . t;y{ uLtf ;f/u|Gy
xf] . j]bsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;f/ / ;fª\Vosf] ;Dk"0f{ dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f klg uLtfdf ;dflji6 5 . ;a} zf:q
x/fPdf klg s]xL km/s kb}{g lsgeg] uLtfaf6 k|1fjfg\ k'?ifn] k'gM zf:q lgdf{0f ug{ ;S5, To;}n]
uLtf ;a}sf] lgrf]8 xf] . hd{gsf ljrf/s ;f]kgxj/ (Schopenhauer) uDeL/ lrQ ePsf b'vL
JolQm lyP . pgsf] k"/f bz{g g} b'v / pbf;Ljfb xf], hxfF xfF;f]sf] s'g} :yfg g} 5}g . pgn]
uLtfsf] klxnf] k6s cWoog u/]kl5 uLtfnfO{ lz/df /fv]/ gfRg nfu] . pgn] o:tf] u|Gy hxfF
lj/f]wx¿sf] lardf ;fd~o:o, s;}sf] v08g of lj/f]w gu/L ;a}nfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Psf] slxNo}
gb]v]sf] / gk9]sf] atfP . uLtf Tof] sdnsf] km"n xf], h'g lxnf] / kfgLdf /x]/ klg c:klz{t 5 .
s[i0fn] /fd|f–g/fd|f ;f/f b[li6x¿nfO{ uLtfdf ;dflxt ug{'ePsf] 5 .
cGo ljåfg\x¿ o1, tk / bfg¿kL sd{ TofUg of]Uo 5}g eGb5g\ . a]l7s sd{nfO{
z'esd{åf/f sf6]/ ;Gt'ng Nofpg ul/g] sd{ tk ¿kL sd{ xf] . ufnL u/]kl5 dfkmL dfu]df ;Gt'ng
sfod x'G5 . tk¿kL sd{sf] cy{ ;Gt'ng Nofpg] sd{ xf] h;af6 hLjgdf ;Gt'ng Nofpg
;lsG5 . cfˆgf nflu geP/ ;a}sf] enfOsf nflu cyf{t\ ;dli6sf nflu ul/g] sd{ o1 xf] . h:tf]
c:ktfn agfpFbf ;a}sf] pkrf/ x'g ;S5, ljBfno vf]Nbf ;a}sf nflu ljBf cfh{gsf] ynf] x'g
;S5≤ o:tf :jfy{/lxt sd{ g} o1¿kL sd{ x'g\ . o:tf ljåfg\x¿ o1, tk / bfg¿kL sd{afx]s ;a}
sd{ TofUg of]Uo 5 eGb5g\ . uLtfdf k|:t't oL rf/y/L b[li6 ;a} cfˆgf 7fpFdf l7s 5g\ / uLtf
hut\\df vf]Hg ;Sg] ;a} b[li6x¿sf] ;ª\u|x xf] . To:t} JolQmx¿ klg rf/ k|sf/sf g} x'G5g\ h;sf
nflu rf/ b[li6 k|:t't ePsf] xf] . oL rf/dWo] cfkm";Fu s'g ljrf/sf] tfnd]n x'G5 Tof] ljrf/
ug{'k5{ . uLtfdf k|:t't ;Dk"0f{ b[li6x¿ pkof]uL 5g\ . uLtf hut\\df x'g ;Sg] ;a} b[li6x¿sf]
;ª\u|x xf] . oL rf/ dfu{x¿ km/s eP klg clGtd uGtJo Pp6} 5 . >Ls[i0f ;Dk"0f{ dfu{x¿sf
af/]df atfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] c¿nfO{ kl08t, 1fgL, dgLifL / ljåfg\ / PsnfO{ ljRfIf0f eg]/
cfˆgf] b[li6 atfO;Sg'ePsf] 5 .
lgZro+ >[0f' d] tq Tofu] e/t;Qd .
Tofuf] lx k'?ifJof3| lqljwM ;Dk|sLlt{tM ..$..
x] k'?if >]i7 ch{'g Û Tof] Tofusf] ljifodf ltdL d]/f] lgZro ;'g lsgeg] Tofu ;flŒjs, /fh;
/ tfd; ;d]t tLg k|sf/sf] x'G5 elgPsf] 5 ..
o1bfgtkMsd{ g TofHo+ sfo{d]j tt\ .
o1f] bfg+ tkZr}j kfjgflg dgLlif0ffd\ ..%..
o1, bfg / tk¿kL sd{ TofUg of]Uo 5}g, of] lgM;Gb]x ug{'kg]{ st{Jo xf] lsgeg] o1, tk / bfg
oL tLg} a'l4dfg\ k'?ifx¿nfO{ kljq ug]{jfnf x'G5 ..
PtfGolk t' sdf{l0f ;Ë+ ToSTjf kmnflg r .
st{JofgLlt d] kfy{ lglZrt+ dtd'Qdd\ ..^..
x] kfy{ Û oL o1, bfg / tk¿k sd{sf] tyf c¿ klg ;Dk"0f{ st{Jo sd{x¿ cf;lQm / kmnnfO{
Tofu]/ cjZo ug{'k5{, o:tf] d]/f] lglZrt / pQd dt 5 ..
lrQsf b'O{ l:ytLdf lgZrosf] efj pTkGg x'G5 . klxnf] ha xfdL ljrf/, ts{, dGygaf6
s'g} lgisif{df k'U5f}“ t/ o:tf] lgZro If0feª\u'/ dfq x'G5 . ToxfF gofF ts{ k|j]z x'g]ljlQs} Tof]

nf]suLtf– 668
 cWofo–!*
lgZro 8fdf8f]n x'G5 . t;y{ ts{åf/f k|fb'ef{j x'g] lgZro, lgZro geP/ lgisif{ dfq xf] h'g
c:yfoL x'G5 . lj1fgn] lgZro xf]Og lgisif{ lnG5 . h:tf] Go'6gsf] vf]hsf] lgisif{nfO{
cfOG;6fOgn] gofF lgisif{ lgsfn]/ a]l7s k|dfl0ft u/] . lj1fgn] klg lgZrofTds ¿kdf s]xL eGg
;Sb}g lsgeg] lj1fgsf] lgisif{ kl/jt{g eO/xG5 . >Ls[i0f t lgisif{ xf]Og cfˆgf] lgZro eGg'x'G5
h;df s'g} kl/jt{g x'Fb}g, hxfF ;dosf] wf/f / kl/l:yltn] kl/jt{g Nofpg ;Sb}g . ts{ geP/
cfTdhfu/0faf6 ul/g] lg0f{o lgZro xf] h'g s'g} kl/l:yltdf lge{/ x'Fb}g . lj1fg ;+zox¿nfO{
;dfwfg u/]/ lgisif{ lnG5 eg] wd{ ;+zoaf6 d'Qm eP/ lgZro lnG5 .
To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û ltdL Tofusf] ljifodf d]/f] lgZro ;'g . >Ls[i0f kl08t
h:tf] geP/ hLjgsf] zfZjt cg'ej / ;Tok"0f{ lgZro ;'gfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . lj1fg;Fu kl/sNkgfx¿
x'G5g\ t/ ;To x'Fb}g lsgeg] ;To t wd{sf] cg'e"lt xf] . s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ af/Daf/ k'?if >]i7 eg]/
;Daf]wg ug{'sf] sf/0f lzio u'?;dIf hlt em'S5, plt g} >]i7 x'G5 eg]/ xf] . ch{'g em'Sg'sf ;fy}
pgn] ;GGof; / df]Ifsf] lh1f;f ug{'n] klg pgL k'?if>]i7 ePsf 5g\ . lgs[i6 k'?ifsf] lh1f;f wg
/ kbsf] x'G5 eg] >]i7 k'?ifsf] lh1f;f d'lQm, ;GGof;, Tofu / df]Ifsf] x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x]
k'?if>]i7 Tof] Tofu ;flŒjs, /fh; / tfd; tLg k|sf/sf] x'G5 . cN5Lkgf / k|dfb ulx/f] x'g]
JolQmsf] Tofu tfd;L Tofu xf] . o:tf JolQmx¿ ef]hgsf nflu klg ;dfhdf lge{/ x'G5g\ . k|fo
(( k|ltzt ;GGof;Lx¿ tfd;L x'G5g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿ lgliqmo / csd{0o x'G5g\ . lgMz'Ns s'g}
s[To gu/L vfg lkpg kfpg' g} pgLx¿sf] hLjgsf] Wo]o x'G5 .
s]xL JolQmx¿ Tofu klg ank"j{s ub{5g\, h'g Ps k|sf/sf] lx+;f xf] . o:tf] Tofu /fh;
Tofu xf] . /fh; JolQm ls c¿nfO{ bafpF5 cyjf cfkm“}nfO{ bafpF5 . p;sf] hLjgsf] ;f/f 9ª\u
lx+;fsf] x'G5 . kmnsf] cfsfª\Iffn] dfq /fh;L JolQm Tofu ub{5 . ;Gt'ng, ;To, ;dtf / af]wsf]
Tofu ;flŒjs Tofu x'G5 . of] Tofu tfd; Tofuh:tf] csd{0otfsf] sf/0fn] geP/ cfgGbsf
sf/0fn] x'G5 . ;flŒjs ;GGof; af]wsf] kl/kSj bzf xf] . ;+f;fl/s s'/fdf cf;Qm x'g' Joy{ 5 eGg]
cg'ejaf6 ;flŒjs sd{ kmlnt x'G5 . ;flŒjs JolQm ;b}j dWodf /f]lsG5 / p;nfO{ x'g'd}
cfgGbsf] af]w x'G5 . o1, bfg / tk¿kL sd{ TofUg of]Uo x'Fb}g / Tof] lgM;Gb]x g} ug{'k5{ . sd{ ug{'
st{Jo xf] lsgeg] o1, bfg / tk oL tLg}n] a'l4dfg\ k'?ifnfO{ kljq u5{g\ . To;}n] x] kfy{ Û of] o1,
bfg / tk ¿k sd{ tyf c¿ klg >]i7 sd{x¿ cf;lQm / kmnnfO{ Tofu]/ cjZo ug{'k5{, o:tf] d]/f]
lglZrt / pQd dt 5 . s[i0f o1, tk / bfg 5f]8\g' cfjZos g/x]sf] 7fGg'x'G5 . pxfF nf]s /
k/nf]slar ;Gt'ng :yflkt ug{ rfxg'x'G5 . ;fwf/0ftof k/nf]ssf] kIfdf x'g] JolQm o; nf]ssf]
lj/f]wdf x'G5 t/ >Ls[i0f t cnf}lss x'g'x'G5 . pxfF ef}ltsjfbL / cWofTdjfbL b'j} x'g'x'G5 . t;y{
pxfF kbfy{ / k/dfTdf s;}sf] klg lt/:sf/ ug{'x'Gg .
;+;f/ / df]If h:tf b'O{ ljk/Ltdf ;Gt'ng :yflkt ug{ cToGt sl7g x'G5 . >Ls[i0f
eGg'x'G5– ;+;f/sf] st{Joaf6 efUg ;lsFb}g sf/0f hxfF uP klg ;+;f/ ;j{q kfOG5 . To:t} sd{
klg 5f]8\g ;lsGg lsgeg] 5f]8\g', knfog x'g', Zjf; lng' ;a} sd{ x'g\ hf] z/L/ /x];Dd rln g}
/xG5g\ . pxfF o:tf] sd{ ug{ eGg'x'G5, h'g o1¿k eP/ ljgf ;t{ s]jn c¿sf] lxtsf nflu
bfg:j¿k x'g ;sf];\ . Tof] sd{ tk:j¿k eP/ cfkm"nfO{ z'4 ug]{ xf];\ . ;]jf ubf{ wGojfbsf]
dfu/lxt xf];≤\ tk:of ubf{ k/dfTdf;Fu u'gf;f]/lxt eP/ tkZrof{ s]jn Ps cfgGb dfq agf];\ .
bfg lbFbf s'g} cxª\sf/ z]if g/x]/ s]jn lbg'df ;'v / t[lKt ldnf];\ . To;}n] u'Kt bfgnfO{ >]i7 bfg
elgPsf] xf] . kfpg] JolQmnfO{ bftfsf] klxrfg;Dd gx'g' >]i7 bfg xf] . o:tf] ePdf sxLF efu]/
hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf g} x'Fb}g .

nf]suLtf– 669
cWofo–!*
kmnsf] cfsfª\Iffn] xfd|f] hLjgdf ;fwg / ;fWo k[ys\ k[ys\ 5g\ eGg] atfpF5 . ;fwg
jt{dfgdf / ;fWo eljiodf x'G5 . h'g lbg ;fwg ;fWo aG5, ToxL lbg ;Dk"0f{ s'/f k|fKt x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fsf] ;f/f b[li6sf]0f sd{sf] Tofu geO{ kmnfsfª\Iffsf] Tofu xf] . ;flŒjs JolQmn] dfq
kmnfsfª\Iffsf] Tofu ug{ ;S5 . tfd;L JolQmn] sd{sf] Tofu u5{ t/ kmnfsfª\Iffsf] Tofu ug{
;Sb}g . k|dfbL JolQm kmnsf] cfzf u5{ t/ sd{af6 aRg vf]H5 . /fh;LnfO{ sd{df /; x'G5 . pm
cfˆgf] pmhf{ bf}8w'kdf vr{ ug{ ?rfpF5 t/ kmnsf] cfzf 5f]8\g ;Sb}g≤ x/]s sd{ kmns} cfzfdf
ub{5 . ;flŒjs JolQmsf] sd{ dfq kmnsf] cfzfljgf c¿sf] enfOsf nflu x'G5 . ;Œjdf pknAw
JolQmsf] hLjg ;DosTjsf] wf/f xf] . pm ;w}“ dWodf ;Gt'lnt /xG5 . pm kl/>d / lj>fdsf]
lardf x'G5 . pm cxª\sf/, cf;lQm / kmn ;a} 5f]8\g ;S5 . kmndf cf;lQm g/xg] lalQs}
cxª\sf/ z]if /xFb}g . cxª\sf/ jt{dfgdf x'Fb}g . of] of xfdLn] ctLtdf u/]sf] sfddf x'G5 of xfdL
h] u5f}{+, To;sf] eljiodf x'G5 . cl:tTj s]jn 5, To;}n] p;sf] s'g} cl:dtf x'Fb}g . >Ls[i0f
ch{'gnfO{ Pp6} d"n ljifo kmnfsfª\Iffsf] lj;h{g ug{ / cfkm" pks/0f ag]/ k/dfTdfnfO{ stf{
;DemL lgldQ ag]/ sd{ ug{ af/Daf/ eGg'x'G5 .
lgot:o t' ;GGof;M sd{0ff] gf]kkBt] .
df]xfQ:o kl/Tofu:tfd;M kl/sLlt{tM ..&..
lglif4 / sfDo sd{nfO{ t :j¿kn] Tofu ug{' plrt 5 . x] ch{'g Û lgot sd{nfO{ :j¿kn]
Tofu ug{' plrt x'bF }g . To;}n] df]xjz logsf] Tofu ug{' tfd; Tofu xf] ..
b'MvldTo]j oTsd{ sfoSn]zeofŒoh]t\ .
; s[Tjf /fh;+ Tofu+ g}j Tofukmn+ ne]t\ ..*..
olb s'g} dg'ion] h] sd{ 5 Tof] ;a} b'v¿k 5 eGg] hfg]/ zf/Ll/s Sn]zsf] eoaf6 sd{x¿sf]
Tofu u¥of] eg] To:tf] /fh; Tofu u/]/ klg Tof] k'?ifn] Tofusf] kmn kfpFb}g ..
sfo{ldTo]j oTsd{ lgot+ lqmot]˜h{'g .
;Ë+ ToSTjf kmn+ r}j ; TofuM ;flŒjsf] dtM ..(..
x] ch{'g Û ug{' st{Jo xf] eGg] a'em]/ hf] zf:qljlwaf6 lgot ul/Psf] st{Jo sd{ cf;lQm /
kmnnfO{ Tofu u/]/ ul/G5 To;nfO{ ;flŒjs elgG5 ..
lgot sd{ Tof] sd{ xf] hf] zf:qdf lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] x'G5 . zf:qnfO{ dfg]/ lxF8\g' cg'zf;g
xf] . zf:qleq cg]s /x:o l:yt 5, of] a'‰g ;s]df zf:q 7'nf] ;f/ x'g] 5 . uLtfnfO{ a'‰g ;Sof]
eg] o;eGbf 7'nf] ;f/ tŒj s]xL 5}g . uLtfsf zAbx¿sf] kf/ lgMzAb / z"Go k|tLlt ePdf
hLjgdf Tof] k/d cfgGb kmlnt x'G5 . zAbsf] vf]naf6 kf/ u/]df ToxfF lgMzAbsf] bz{g x'G5 .
zf:qdf lgot ul/Psf] sd{nfO{ Tofu ug]{ cfjZostf 5}g . To;nfO{ 5f]8\g t tfd;Ln] dfq k|of;
u5{ lsgeg] tfd;L JolQm s'g} sd{ gu/L sd{af6 aRg rfxG5 . >Ls[i0f zf:qdf elgPsf] sd{ k"/f
u/ eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] Tof] hfGg]jfnf JolQmx¿sf] jrg xf] . xfd|f] a'l4 / hfGg]jfnfsf lardf r'gfj
ug{'k/] hfGg]jfnf JolQmx¿n] eg]sf] dfGg'k5{ . cfˆgf] a'l4sf] egfO ta ;'Gg'k5{, ha cfkm" klg
1fgL k'?if h:t} hfGg]jfnf aGg ;lsG5 .
ha JolQm :jod\ k|1fjfg\ x'G5 / p;sf] cGt/Hof]lt k|sflzt x'G5, ta cfˆgf] a'l4af6
lxF8\g' cGoyf zf:qnfO{ dfg]/ lxF8\g' / To;sf] Tofu gug{' egL >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . cfˆgf] Hof]lt
aln;s]sf] k|1fjfg\ k'?ifx¿n] klg zf:qnfO{ k|foM 5f]8\g'ePsf] 5}g . zf:q ;dosf] ljk/Lt 5}g eg]

nf]suLtf– 670
 cWofo–!*
To;nfO{ dfg]/ lxF8\g' g} pko'Qm x'G5 . >Ls[i0fnfO{ lgot sd{sf] s'g} d"No 5}g t/ klg ch{'g / kl5
cfpg]jfnf ;Dk"0f{ ch{'gx¿sf] lxtnfO{ ;f]r]/ lgot sd{ Tofu ug{' of]Uo 5}g eGg'x'G5 .
zf:qfg';f/sf] lgot sd{sf] Tofu ug{' td;\ Tofu xf] . lgot sd{sf] Tofu cN5Lkgfn] / d"R5f{sf]
sf/0fn] x'G5 . s'g} JolQmn] ;a} sd{ b'v¿k xf] eGg] hfg]/ zf/Ll/s Sn]zsf] sf/0fn] Tofu u¥of]
eg] To:tf] TofunfO{ /fh; Tofu elgG5 t/ Tofusf] kmn To:tf] JolQmnfO{ k|fKt x'Fb}g . hLjg b'v
xf] eGg] ;f]r]/ 5f]8]/ efUg' l7s xf]Og lsgeg] Tof] Tofu eok"0f{ x'G5 / xfdL b'vaf6 eoeLt x'G5f}F .
s'g} s[To Ps} h:tf] eP klg cy{ k[ys\ x'g ;S5 . a'4 b'vaf6 hfu]kl5 3/ 5f]8]/ lxF8\g' eof] t/
xfdL hfu]/ xf]Og b'vaf6 eoeLt eP/ efU5f}“ / o:tf] Tofu /fh; Tofu xf] . cfˆgf] pmhf{ zlQm
efUg / TofUgdf pkof]u ubf{ hfu/0fk"0f{ ePg eg] o:tf] Tofusf] s]xL kmn x'Fb}g .
x] ch{'g Û ug{' st{Jo xf] eGg] hfg]/ hf] zf:qljlwaf6 lgot ul/Psf] st{Jo sd{ cf;lQm /
kmnsf] Tofu u/]/ ul/G5 To;nfO{ ;flŒjs elgG5 . ug{' st{Jo xf] eGg] a'em]/ ul/Psf] x/]s sd{af6
xfdL d'Qm x'G5f}“ / To;sf] t[0f klg xfdLdf afFsL /xFb}g . o:tf] hfGg] JolQmsf nflu x/]s sd{
k/dfTdfåf/f ePsf] x'G5 / o:tf] sd{ p;nfO{ s]jn v]n / gf6s;/x x'G5 . hLjgnfO{ /fd|/L a'‰g]
JolQmnfO{ hGd, sd{ / d[To' klg s]jn k/dfTdfs} OR5fn] x'G5 eGg] hfgsf/L x'G5 . dg'io lgldQ
xf] / sd{ ug{' p;sf] bfloTj xf] ;fy} p;n] st{Jo lgjf{x ub}{ afFsL k/dfTdfsf] OR5fdf 5f]8\g'k5{ .
o:tf] ;a} sd{ k/dfTdfsf] OR5fn] dfq x'G5 eg]/ 7fGg] JolQm ;flŒjs xf] . >Ls[i0fsf] pkb]zsf]
;f/ ;"q ;dk{0f xf] . st{Jo sd{ g} ;dk{0f xf] / o:tf] efjbzfdf kmnfsfª\Iff z"Go x'G5 / kmnsf]
lrGtf k/dfTdfsf] x'G5 . x/]s sd{ st{Jo 7fgL lgldQ eP/ ug{' ;dk{0f xf] .
sd{ u/ / kmnsf] cfzf g/fv eGg] >Ls[i0fsf] d"n ;f/ xf] . o:tf] cj:yfdf s'g} b'vn]
xfdLnfO{ ljlIfKt ub}{g / s'g} ;'vn] plåUg ug{ ;Sb}g clg xfd|f] hLjgdf k/d zflGtsf] bzf
pknAw x'G5 / hLjg d[To' ;a} p;s} eP/ cfgGbsf] /;wf/f xfdLdf aUg yfN5 . x] ch{'g Û hf] ug{'
st{Jo xf] eGg] hfg]/ zf:qljlwaf6 lgot ul/Psf] st{Jo sd{ cf;lQm / kmnnfO{ Tofu]/ ul/G5
To;nfO{ g} ;flŒjs Tofu dflgPsf] 5 . ;flŒjs Tofu sd{sf] xf]Og kmnsf] Tofu ug{' xf] . sd{ xfd|f]
hLjg xf] hf] gul//xg ;lsFb}g / k/dfTdfn] lbPsf] hLjgaf6 efUg' dxfd"v{tf xf] . To;}n] h'g
lj/f6\af6 xfd|f] cfudg ePsf] 5 ToxL lj/f6\df xfd|f] ;f/f lrGtf la;fP/ sd{ u/]df sd{sf] /]vf
xfdLdf kb}{g / xfdL hndf /x]sf] sdnjt\ x'G5f+} / ToxfF k/dwGotf k|s6 x'G5 .
g å]i6Øs'zn+ sd{ s'zn] gfg'ifHht] .
TofuL ;Œj;dflji6f] d]wfjL l5Gg;+zoM ..!)..
x] ch{'g Û hf] k'?if csNof0fsf/s sd{af6 å]if ub}{g / sNof0fsf/s sd{df cf;Qm x'bF }g Tof]
z'4 ;Œju'0faf6 o'Qm ePsf] k'?if ;+zo/lxt d]wfjL cyf{t\ 1fgjfg\ / TofuL x'G5 ..
g lx b]xe[tf zSo+ ToQm'+ sdf{0oz]iftM .
o:t' sd{kmnTofuL ; TofuLTolewLot] ..!!..
k"0f{tof ;a} sd{nfO{ Tofu ug{ g;s]sf] k'?ifnfO{ TofuL elgFb}g . hf] k'?if sd{sf] kmnnfO{
TofUg :fS5 pxL g} TofuL xf] ..
clgi6ldi6+ ld>+ r lqljw+ sd{0fM kmnd\ .
ejToToflugf+ k|]To g t' ;GGofl;gf+ Sjlrt\ ..!@..

nf]suLtf– 671
cWofo–!*
sd{kmnsf] Tofu gug]{ ;sfdL k'?ifsf] sd{sf] /fd|f], g/fd|f] jf ldn]sf] o:tf] tLg k|sf/sf] kmn
d/]kl5 klg cjZo k|fKt x'G5 t/ sd{kmnsf] Tofu ug]{ TofuL k'?ifx¿nfO{ s'g} sfndf klg o:tf] x'bF }g
lsgeg] pgLx¿åf/f x'g]jfnf sd{ jf:tjdf sd{ xf]Og ..
>Ls[i0fsf s'/f ;'g]/ ch{'gnfO{ 1fg pknAw eof] . ;'g]/ klg JolQm hfUg ;S5 . To;}n]
uLtfsf] olt 7'nf] dlxdf 5 . dg/lxt cj:yf eP/ uLtf dfq afFsL /x]df ch{'g h:tf] 36gf
xfdLdf klg 36\g ;S5 . ch{'g cGttM s'?If]qsf] o'4sf] d}bfgdf dxflx+;f / dxfd[To'sf] cj:yfdf
cfOk'u] . o'4e"lddf cfkmGtnfO{ ljkIfdf b]v]kl5 dfq pgnfO{ ;+zo p7\of] / o'4 gu/]/ ;GGof;L
x'g] rfxgf >Ls[i0f;dIf JoQm u/], o;}af6 ch{'gsf] u"9 lh1f;f p7\of] . o'4 5f]8]/ efUg' / TofUg'
klg sd{ xf] eg]/ >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ eGg'eof] . ch{'gdf …dÚ efj clxn] klg hLljt g} 5 . ch{'g
olt ;lhn} ;GGof;L x'g ;Sb}gg\ eGg] s[i0fnfO{ yfxf 5 lsgeg] ;GGof; t/jf/sf] wf/df lxF8\g'
h:tf] xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f o;/L efUg'sf] s'g} cy{ gePsfn] cstf{ eP/ ;a} stf{kg k/dfTdfdf
5f]8\g ;s]df dxf;GGof; kmlnt x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . olb ltdLn] ug]{ sd{sf] kmn b'vb eg]/ hflg;Sof}
eg] ltdL cstf{ eP/ ;GGof;L ag . >Ls[i0fsf] jrg >j0f ubf{ub}{ ch{'gsf] ;a} ;+zo ljnLg eP/
cGtdf pgL ;a} k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf 5f]8]/ lgldQ dfq x'g]5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– hf] k'?if csNof0fsf/s sd{af6 å]if ub}{g / sNof0fsf/s sd{df cf;Qm
x'Fb}g, Tof] z'4 ;Œju'0faf6 o'Qm ePsf] k'?if ;+zo/lxt d]wfjL cyf{t\ 1fgjfg\ / TofuL x'G5 .
cf;lQm eg]s} r'gfj xf] / r'gfj /x'Gh]n cxª\sf/ /lx/xG5 . r'gfj/lxt JolQm dfq lg/xª\sf/L
x'G5 . sNof0fsf/s xf] jf xf]Og eGg] lrGtf ltdLn] glnO{ ;a} k/dfTdfdf 5f]8 lsgeg] h;n]
;Dk"0f{ s'/f hfg]sf] 5 p;n] o; ;DaGwdf klg hfGg] 5 . ltdL sNof0fsf] sfdgf klg gu/]/
k/dfTdfnfO{ o;sf af/]df lkmqmL ug{ b]pm . o:tf] u/]df ltdLaf6 sd{ t x'G5 t/ ltdL stf{ /xg]
5}gf} . hf] sNof0fsf/s sd{df cf;Qm 5}g / hf] csNof0fsf/s sd{;Fu å]if ub}{g pxL ;+zo/lxt
eP/ d]3fjL cyf{t\ 1fgjfg\ / TofunfO{ pknAw x'G5 . Tofu eg]sf] stf{ / cxª\sf/sf] Tofu xf] .
Tofu u/]/ klg cxª\sf/ z]if /Xof] eg] Tof] Tofu em'6f] / Joy{ x'G5 . cfkm}“nfO{ k/dfTdfsf] xftdf
;'lDkg' g} cxª\sf/sf] Tofu xf] . wd{sf] snf klg oxL xf] . k/dfTdfn] /fd of /fj0f h] agfP klg
r'gfj/lxt eP/ JolQmn] cfˆgf] kfqtf dfq lgjf{x ug{'k5{ . k/dfTdfsf] OR5fafx]s clnslt klg
leGg g;f]Rg' g} ;GGof; xf] .
5f]8\g' of TofUg' klg sd{ g} xf] . To;}n] xfdL sd{ TofUg ;Sb}gf}“ . cfFvf aGb ug{', Zjf;
lng', ef]hg ug{', ;'Tg', p7\g', leIff dfUg', hª\un hfg' ;a} sd{ x'g\ . To;}n] sd{af6 efUg g;lsg]
x'Fbf >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– sd{ Tofu ug{ ;Dej 5}g s]jn sd{kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff TofUg' g} kof{Kt x'G5 .
;f/f kmn k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf 5f]8\g]lalQs} cfsfª\Iff lt/f]lxt x'G5 . ha;Dd cfkm"n] sd{ u5{' eGg]
nfU5, ta;Dd kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff klg /lx/xG5 . xfdL c;kmn geP/ ;kmn x'g rfxG5f+}“ t/ kmn
k/dfTdfnfO{ 5f]8\g] lalQs} pxL ;kmn jf c;kmn x'G5 / xfdL s]jn lgldQ dfq x'G5f}“ . ;sfdL
k'?ifx¿sf] sd{sf] /fd|f], g/fd|f] / ldl>t tLg k|sf/sf] kmn d/0fkZrft\ klg ;Fu} x'G5 . kmnsf]
cfsfª\Iff g5f]8\g] JolQmsf] x/]s sd{df sfdgf, nf]e / å]if el/Psf] x'G5 / Tof] p;sf] Åbodf
ulx/f] ¿kdf /lx/xG5 h'g d[To'kl5 csf]{ z/L/ wf/0f ubf{ klg p;;Fu ;fy} hfG5 . stf{kg arfP/
sfdgf / cxª\sf/n] el/P/ s[To ug]{ JolQmsf] sd{sf] /]vf p;leq ulx/f] ¿kdf sf]l/G5 / o;}sf
cfwf/df p;sf] hLjg cgGt hGd;Dd rN5 . oxL sd{sf] l;4fGt xf] . h;n] cfˆgf] s[To /
cfkm"nfO{ ;d]t k/dfTdfdf 5f]8\5 p;df sf]l/g] /]vf kfgL dfly sf]/]sf] w;f{ h:tf] x'G5 . o:tf]

nf]suLtf– 672
 cWofo–!*
JolQmn] hlt sd{ u/] klg stf{kgsf] s'g} /]vf x'Fb}g / d[To'kl5 klg o:tf] JolQm lgd{n eP/ labf
x'G5 .
sla/n] o;nfO{ æHo" ls To" w/ b]gL rbl/of v'a htg ;] cf]9L sla/fÆ eg]sf 5g\ . a8f]
;fjwfgLk"j{s cf]9\g] cf]9]/ bfu nfUg glbO{ h:tfsf] t:t} p;nfO{ lkmtf{ ul/lbcf}“ . kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff
5f]8\g] JolQm stf{sf] efj klg 5f]l8lbG5, oxL p;sf] htg xf] . stf{efj gePdf h;/L cf]9] klg
cf]9\g] bfuljxLg /xG5 / kmsf{pFbf klg lgd{n /xG5 . cf]9\g] stf{efj /xFbf dfq bfuk"0f{ x'G5 .
;+;f/ Ps 7'nf] /ª\ud~r xf], oxfF s]jn cleg]tf h:tf] eO{ clego u/]/ x/]s sd{df cstf{
alg/xg'k5{ . ef]u ubf{ klg xfdLleqsf] tŒj crn / ;GGo:t /xg' g} ;GGof;L eP/ aGwgaf6 d'Qm
x'g] nIf0f xf] . >Ls[i0fn] hut\\nfO{ lbPsf] ;GGof; ;a}eGbf ;"Id 5 . o:tf] k'?ifnfO{ s'g} klg
sfndf sd{sf] aGwg x'Fb}g . o;eGbf ;/n / sl7g s'g} ;fwgf x'Fb}g . stf{efj dfq TofUg'kg]{ x'Fbf
of] ;/n 5 t/ dg ;b}j s]xL ug{ rfxG5 To;}n] of] sl7g klg 5 .
k~r}tflg dxfafxf] sf/0fflg lgaf]w d] .
;fª\Vo] s[tfGt] k|f]Qmflg l;4o] ;j{sd{0ffd\ ..!#..
x] dxfafx' Û ;Dk"0f{ sd{sf] l;l4sf nflu k~rx]t' sd{sf] cGt ug]{ pkfo ;fª\Vol;4fGtdf
elgPsf] 5 h;af/] ltdL d;Fu /fd|/L ;'g ..
clwi7fg+ tyf stf{ s/0f+ r k[ylUjwd\ .
ljljwfZr k[ySr]i6f b}j+ r}jfq k~rdd\ ..!$..
x] ch{'g Û o; ljifodf cyf{t\ sd{sf] l;l4df clwi7fg / stf{ tyf leGg leGg k|sf/sf] s/0f
Pjd\ leGg leGg k|sf/sf r]i6f tyf To:t} kfFrf“} sf/0f b}j elgPsf] 5 ..
z/L/jfª\dgf]leo{Tsd{ k|f/et] g/M .
Goføo+ jf ljk/Lt+ jf k~r}t] t:o x]tjM ..!%..
dg'io dg, jf0fL / z/L/n] zf:qfg';f/ / ljk/Lt klg h] h:tf] sd{ cf/De u5{, To;sf
kfFr–kfFrj6f g} sf/0f /x]sf 5g\ ..
tq}j+ ;lt stf{/dfTdfg+ s]jn+ t' oM .
kZoTos[ta'l4TjfGg ; kZolt b'd{ltM ..!^..
t/ o:tf] x'Fbf klg hf] k'?if cz'4 a'l4 ePsf] sf/0fn] To; ljifodf cyf{t\ sd{df s]jn
z'4:j¿k cfTdfnfO{ g} stf{ b]V5, Tof] b'd{lt cyf{t\ dlng a'l4 ePsf] c1fgLn] oyfy{nfO{ a'‰b}g ..
o:o gfxª\s[tf] efjf] a'l4o{:o g lnKot] .
xTjflk ; OdfFNnf]sfGg xlGt g lgaWot] ..!&..
x] ch{'g Û h'g k'?ifsf] cGt:s/0fdf d stf{ x'F eGg] efj x'bF }g, h;sf] a'l4df ;f+;fl/s kbfy{
/ ;Dk"0f{ sd{df d stf{ x'F eGg] efj x'bF }g / h;sf] a'l4 ;f+;fl/s kbfy{ / ;Dk"0f{ sd{df lnKt x'bF }g
Tof] k'?if ;a} nf]snfO{ df/]/ klg jf:tjdf g t df5{ g kfkdf afFlwG5 ..
>Ls[i0f ;Dk"0f{ sd{sf] l;l4sf nflu kfFr cfwf/ / sf/0fx¿ 5g\ eGg'x'G5 . ;a} 36gfsf]
s'g} x]t' x'G5 / cfwf/ x'G5 lsgeg] ljgf x]t' / cfwf/sf] s'g} 36gf 36\g ;Sb}g . 36gfdf sf]xL
ug]{jfnf x'G5 . sf/0fljgf stf{sf] s'g} 36gf 36\g ;Sb}g ;fy} pks/0fsf] ;xof]uljgf s'g} 36gf
36\g ;Sb}g . To;} k|sf/n] r]i6f, oTg / k|of; klg rflxG5 h;sf] ljgf s'g} 36gf 36\g ;Sb}g

nf]suLtf– 673
cWofo–!*
;fy} hGd–hGdsf] ;l~rt sd{ klg 36gf 36fpg ;xof]uL x'G5 . oL kfFr sd{sf cfwf/ x'g\ eg]/
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . dg'io dg, jf0fL / z/L/n] zf:qfg';f/ jf ljk/Lt h] klg sd{ u5{ To;sf klg
kfFr g} sf/0f x'G5g\ . k/Gt' o:tf] x'Fbf klg hf] k'?if cz'4 a'l4sf] sf/0fn] s]jn z'4:j¿k
cfTdfnfO{ stf{ b]V5 p;n] b'd{lt cyf{t\ oyfy{ b]Vg ;Sb}g . 36gf 36\gsf lglDt kfFr clgjfo{
sf/0fx¿ 5g\ . csf/0f 36gf 36\g ;Sb}g ToxfF x]t', cfwf/ / stf{ x'G5, 36fpg] r]i6f x'G5,
pks/0fsf] ;xf/f x'G5 / klxn]sf] k'/fgf] ;+:sf/ x'G5 . s'g} klg 36gfsf nflu oL kfFr ;xf/fx¿
rflxG5g\ h;sf] cg'kl:yltdf s'g} 36gf 36\g ;Sb}g t/ klg xfdL dg'io oL kfFrj6f sf/0feGbf
leGg 5f}“ lsgeg] xfdL ;fIfL xf}“ .
ef]s nfUbf z/L/n] cfwf/ agfpF5 / xfdL ef]s nfu]sf] yfxf kfpF5f}F lsgeg] o:t} ef]snfO{
xfdLn] klxn] klg hfg]sf 5f}“ cGoyf klxnf] k6ssf] ef]snfO{ xfdL glrg]/ k]6 b'v]sf] klg eGg
;SYof}“ . aRrf hlGdg]lalQs} ef]s nfu]sf] cg'ej tTsfn ug{ yfN5 / cfdfsf] :tg vf]Hg yfN5 .
o;sf] cy{ :tgnfO{ xfdLn] klxn] klg lrlg;s]sf 5f}“ cGoyf :tgnfO{ xfdL vf]Hg ;Sb}gf}“ . o;sf
nflu k"j{;+:sf/ rflxG5 cGoyf aRrfn] ef]s nfu]sf] / :tgsf af/]df yfxf kfpg g} ;Sb}g . To;}n]
b}j k'/fgf] ctLtsf] ;+:sf/ xf] h;n] ;Fu;Fu} sfd ul//x]sf] x'G5 . ef]s nfUof] z/L/n] cfwf/ lbof],
;+:sf/n] lrGof] clg xfdL ef]s zfGt kfg{ r]i6f u5f}{+ / ha xfdL r]i6f u5f}{+ ta dg stf{ eP/
ef]hgsf] k|flKtsf] ljrf/ ug{ yfN5 / ;fwg tyf pks/0faf6 ef]hg h'6fpF5f}“ . o;/L oL kfFr
sf/0fx¿ x'g\ / xfdL 5}6f}“ ›i6f xf}“ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– oL kfFrdf h;n] cfkm"nfO{ 8'a]sf] ;lDemG5,
Tof] b'd{lt xf] . xfdL oL kfFr}j6f eGbf kf/ 5f}“, oL kfFr}j6fnfO{ b]Vg] xfdL ToxL ;fIfL xf}“ .
ef]s xfdLnfO{ nfUb}g xfdLnfO{ ef]s nfu]sf] yfxf x'G5 . To;}n] ef]s xfdLeGbf aflx/ x'G5 .
dg ePg eg] ef]s nflu/xG5 t/ xfdLnfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g . dg ef]s nfUg]lalQs} pkfosf] vf]hL u/L
r]i6fdf nfU5 . t;y{ dg klg xfdLeGbf cnu xf] . To; pk/fGt ef]s zfGt kfg{ pks/0fsf] vf]hL
;'? x'G5≤ vfBfGg h'6fpg], r'Nff] afNg] / ksfpg] OToflb Joj:yf ug{ ;'? x'G5 t/ xfdL oL ;a}
36gfeGbf cnu 5f}F / xfd|f] x'g' s]jn ;fIfL x'g' xf] . olb oL kfFr sf/0fn] ubf{ xfdLn] cfkm"nfO{
stf{ ;Dem]sf xf}F eg] xfdL oyfy{ gb]Vg] c1fgL x'G5f}“ .
x] ch{'g Û h'g k'?ifsf] cGt:s/0fdf …dÚ stf{ x'F eGg] efj 5}g tyf h;sf] a'l4 lnKt x'Fb}g,
Tof] k'?if oL ;a}nfO{ df/]/ klg jf:tjdf g df5{, g kfkaf6 afFlwG5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb
ltdLn] cfkm"nfO{ oL kfFreGbf leGg hfGof} eg] ltdLn] h] u/] klg To;sf] s'g} kfkaGw ltdLdfly
x'g] 5}g . o:tf] hfGof} eg] ltdL ef]hg u/]/ klg pkjf;df, af]n]/ klg df}g, lxF8]/ klg crn, sd{
u/]/ klg cstf{ / ;+;f/df /x]/ klg ;+;f/eGbf aflx/ x'g] 5f} . ;fIfL ;bf aflx/ x'G5 . ;fIfL s'g}
s'/fdf 8'a]/ lnKt x'Fb}g . lnKt gx'g] snf g} wd{ xf] . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û olb
ltdLn] ;f/f sd{ kfFrsf] xf] eg]/ hfGof} eg] / …dÚ stf{ xf]Og eGg] a'‰of} eg] of] o'4df plePsf
;f/f JolQmx¿nfO{ ltdLn] df¥of} eg] klg ltdL kfkaf6 afFlwg] 5}gf} lsgeg] ltdLåf/f s'g} s[To
ePs} x'Fb}g . of] ;a} s[To eof], 36gf 36\of] / To;sf] sf/0f, cfwf/ / x]t' lyof] t/ ltdL ;fIfL
eP/ aflx/ g} /Xof} .
Tof] k'?if oL ;a} dflg;x¿nfO{ df/]/ klg jf:tjdf s;}nfO{ dfb}{g lsgeg] dfg]{ efj g} leq
5}g eg] s;/L dfg{ ;lsG5 . o:tf] JolQm s]jn dfg]{ clego dfq u5{, t;y{ pm kfkaf6 klg
aflwFb}g . lxGb" wd{afx]s cGo s'g} wd{ ;fIfL;Dd k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . pgLx¿ stf{;Dd k'u]sf 5g\
t;y{ æ/fd|f] u/, g/fd|f] gu/Æ ;Dd eGb5g\ . ox'bLx¿ / O;fO{x¿sf bz cf1fx¿ (Ten
Commandments) 5g\ hf] ug{'df cfwfl/t 5g\≤ h:t} rf]/L gu/, lx+;f gu/, bof s?0ff u/ cflb .

nf]suLtf– 674
 cWofo–!*
dxfjL/sf] jrgsf] ;f/f ;"q ug{af6 afFlwPsf] 5 lx+;f gu/, kl/u|x gu/ OToflb . oL ;a} g}lts /
/fd|f s'/fx¿ x'g\ t/ Tof] ;a} Ps v'8\lsnf] tn g} /xG5, o;df stf{ ;dfKt x'Fb}g .
>Ls[i0f cflv/L s'/f eGb} x'g'x'G5– o;sf] kf/ sxLF hfg ;lsFb}g lsgeg] o;kl5 cl:tTj g}
;dfKt x'G5 . ;fIfLeGbf k5fl8 hfg] :yfg g} 5}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– o'4df oL ;f/f
JolQmx¿ ltdLaf6 dfl/P klg logLx¿ jf:tjdf dfl/g] 5}gg\ lsgeg] h;n] cfˆgf] ;fIfLnfO{ hfGof]
p;n] cfkm"leqsf] cd[t tŒjnfO{ hfGb5 . To;}n] cd[t¿kL tŒj cfTdfnfO{ hfGg] JolQmn] c¿nfO{
sf6\g] a]nfdf klg hfGb5 ls d s]jn z/L/ dfq sfl6/x]sf] 5' / leqL chDa/L tŒjnfO{ sf6\g,
dfg{ ;lsGg . To;}n] sf]xL klg db}{g / hxfF dg]{ g} sf]xL x'Fb}g eg] ToxfF lx+;f c;Dej 5 . lx+;f t
s[Toaf6 x}g efjaf6 dfq x'G5 . z/L/nfO{ df/]/ sf]xL db}{g s]jn b]x 5'6\5 / cfTdfn] t'?Gt} csf]{
z/L/ vf]H5 . t;y{ >Ls[i0fsf cg';f/ lx+;f c;Dej 5 .
j:t'tM lx+;f x'g} ;Sb}g . dfg]{ ;dodf stf{ ePg eg] s[To t x'G5 t/ cfTdf cyf{t\ xfdL
aflx/ x'G5f“}+ . t;y{ s[i0fsf] o; ;"qn] hLjgnfO{ clego agfPsf] 5 . xfdL stf{ xf]Ogf}“, Pp6f
cleg]tf xf}F / clegonfO{ lnKt geP/ u/]df Pp6f cgf}7f] ;GGof; kmlnt x'G5 . ;fIfLefj hfu[t
x'g]lalQs} hLjgdf ;kmntf–c;kmntf, xf/–lht, hLjg–d[To'df s]xL cGt/ x'Fb}g / hLjg v]n /
d[To' gf6ssf] kbf{ emg{' h:tf] x'G5 . >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ eGg'x'G5– o; s'/fnfO{ a'‰of} eg] of] o'4af6
efu]/ hfg] s'g} cfjZostf 5}g / JolQm efu]/ sxL hfg ;Sb}g lsgeg] hLjg Pp6f dxf;ª\3if{
xf], To;}n] JolQm htf uof] ToxLF o'4 l:yt x'G5 . oxfF ;w}“ 7'nf] df5fn] ;fgf] df5fnfO{ vfO/x]s}
x'G5 . x] ch{'g Û ltd|f nflu k/dfTdfsf] of] lgof]lht v]n xf] . o'4sf dfWodaf6 kf/ x'g ltdLnfO{
z'e cj;/ k|fKt ePsf] 5 To;}n] efu]/ hfg] ljrf/ Tofu]/ lgldQ dfq ag / k/dfTdf h] rfxG5,
Tof] p;nfO{ ug{ b]pm . ltdL k/dfTdfsf] sfddf afwf gag / o;f] u¥of} eg] ltdL s]xL gu/Lsg
klg d'Qm x'g] 5f} . ;fIfL efj dxf;"q xf], o;df ;f/f zf:q lglxt 5 . zf:q 5f]8]/ ;fIfLnfO{ dfq
:d/0f u/]df oL ;f/f zf:qx¿nfO{ cfkm"leq hGd lbg ;Sg] 5f} .
1fg+ 1]o+ kl/1ftf lqljwf sd{rf]bgf .
s/0f+ sd{ st]{lt lqljwM sd{;ª\u|xM ..!*..
x] ef/t Û 1ftf, 1fg / 1]o oL tLg t sd{sf k|]/s x'g\ cyf{t\ oL tLgsf] ;+of]un] sd{df k|j[Q
x'g] OR5f pTkGg x'G5 / stf{, s/0f / lqmof oL tLg k|sf/sf sd{;ª\u|x x'g\ ..
1fg+ sd{ r stf{ r lqw}j u'0fe]btM .
k|f]Rot] u'0f;ª\Vofg] oyfjR5[0f' tfGolk ..!(..
of] ;a} 1fg sd{ / stf{ clg u'0fsf e]baf/] ;fª\Vozf:qdf tLg tLg k|sf/n] elgPsf] 5≤
h;af/] ltdL d;Fu /fd|/L ;'g ..
;j{e"t]if' o]g}s+ efjdJoodLIft] .
cljeQ+m ljeQ]mif' tH1fg+ ljl4 ;flŒjsd\ ..@)..
x] ch{'g Û h'g 1fgn] dflg; k[ys\ k[ys\ ;a} k|f0fLdf Ps cljgfzL k/dfTdf efjnfO{
ljefu/lxt ;defjn] l:yt b]V5, To; 1fgnfO{ ltdL ;flŒjs 1fg hfg ..
k[ySTj]g t' oH1fg+ gfgfefjfGk[ylUjwfg\ .
j]lQ ;j]{if' e"t]if' tH1fg+ ljl4 /fh;d\ ..@!..
h'g 1fgåf/f dg'io ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿df leGg leGg k|sf/sf cg]s efjnfO{ leGg leGg hfGb5,
Tof] 1fgnfO{ ltdL /fh; hfg ..

nf]suLtf– 675
cWofo–!*
oQ' s[T:gjb]sl:dGsfo]{ ;Qmdx}t'sd\ .
ctŒjfy{jbNk+ r tQfd;d'bfÅtd\ ..@@..
t/ h'g 1fg sfo{¿k z/L/df g} ;Dk"0f{tfn] cf;Qm 5 / hf]ljgf o'lQm, tflŒjs cy{af6 /lxt
/ t'R5 5 To:tf] 1fgnfO{ tfd;\ 1fg elgPsf] 5 ..
k/dfTdfsf] OR5fadf]lhd g} dg'ion] cfˆgf] e"ldsf lgjf{x u5{ . t;y{ >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{
stf{efj Tofu]/ ;dli6sf] OR5fg'¿k cl3 a9\g k|]/0ff lbO/xg'ePsf] 5 . uLtf o'4df xf]ldg] / Tofu
ug]{ ;Gb]z geO{ k/dsf] OR5fg'¿k :jsd{sf] kfngf ub}{ cl3 a9\g] ;Gb]z xf] . xfd|f hLjgdf
b'O{j6f rqm x'G5g\, Pp6f leqL 1ftf, 1fg / 1]osf] ljrf/sf] rqm hxfF xfdL hfGg]jfnf x'G5f}“≤ hxfF
s]xL hflgG5 / hxfF oL b'O{sf lar 1fg 36\5 . xfd|f] cs[Todf klg leq ljrf/sf] s[To hf/L g}
/xG5 . To;}n] ljrf/ xfd|f] leqsf] s[To xf] . ljrf/sf] jt{'ndf xfdL hfGg]jfnf x'G5f“+}, ToxfF s]xL
hflgG5 / ToxfF b'O{sf] lardf 1fg 36\5 . 1ftf ljrf/sf] stf{ xf], 1]o h;df xfdL cfˆgf] 1ftfnfO{
cf/f]lkt u5f}{+ / ljifo, 1ftf / 1]osf lardf 36\g] 36gf 1fg xf] . of] xfd|f] dgsf] k|lqmof / klxnf]
kl/lw xf] . of] cfTdfsf] glhs dgsf] rqm xf] .
bf];|f] xfd|f] z/L/sf] rqm h;df stf{, s/0f / lqmofsf] rqm x'G5 . ha ljrf/ s[To aG5, ta
xfdL stf{ x'G5f+}“ . pks/0f h:tf] cfFvf, xft cflb s/0f aG5g\ / afXo hut\\df s[To 3l6t x'G5 .
stf{, s/0f / lqmof of] bf];|f] rqm xf] . dWosf] laGb' xfd|f] r]tgf xf] . r]tgfdf klxn] ljrf/sf] w'jfF
cyf{t\ 1fg, 1ftf / 1]o ;ª\u|lxt x'g ;'? x'G5 / ha w'jfF ;3g / 7f]; x'G5, ta s[To¿kL stf{,
s/0f / lqmofsf] hGd x'G5 . ;+;f/;Fu xfd|f] ;DaGw sd{sf] x'G5 . To;}n] ljrf/af6 h] u/] klg
;+;f/df To;sf] s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g t/ ha ljrf/ s[To aG5, ta xfdL ;dfhsf] kl/lwdf cf]ln{G5f}“ /
xfd|f] ;DaGw c¿;Fu klg hf]l8G5 .
dgn] xfd|f] ;DaGw cfTdfaf6 z/L/;Fu hf]8\5, To;}n] ha;Dd xfdL 1ftf, 1fg / 1]odf
cNem]sf x'G5f+}“ ta;Dd xfd|f] ;DaGw z/L/;Fu ;]t'sf dfWodaf6 alg/xG5 . To;kl5 s[Ton] xfd|f]
z/L/ c¿;Fu, ;dfh;Fu / ;+;f/;Fu hf]8\5 ta xfd|f] s[To ;dfh / ;+;f/sf] rf;f]sf] ljifo aG5 .
cfk/flws s[TonfO{ dfq cbfnt / sfg'gn] kfk dfGb5 t/ wd{ ljrf/df 36]sf] ck/fwnfO{ klg
kfk dfGb5 . ck/fw o:tf] kfk xf] hf] s[Todf x'G5 / kfk o:tf] ck/fw xf] hf] ljrf/ dfq /xFbf
klg x'G5 . oxL ck/fw / kfksf] e]b xf] . hxfF;Dd xfd|f] ;DaGw 5, ToxfF ljrf/ ug]{ lalQs} Tof]
s[To x'G5 t;y{ ljrf/ u/]/ klg plQs} kfksf] eflubf/ x'G5f}F hlt Tof] s[To u/]/ x'GYof}“ . ;dfhn]
xfd|f] s[TonfO{ / wd{n] ljrf/nfO{ g} /f]s nufpF5 . ;dfhsf] lrGtf plrt sd{ ug{' / cg'lrt sd{
gug{'d} ;Lldt x'G5 eg] wd{sf] lrGtg z'e ljrf/ ug{' cz'e ljrf/ gug{'df x'G5 . wd{sf] egfO
uxg 5 lsgeg] cz'e ljrf/n] g} cGttM cz'e sd{ u/fpF5 . ljrf/ lap xf] / s[To k|s6 eP/
j[If aG5 . t;y{ s'g} ljrf/ s[To aGg'eGbf cl3 ljrf/sf] hut\df To;nfO{ z"Go kfg{ ;xh x'G5
cGoyf s[To¿kL tL/ wg'ifaf0faf6 5'6]kl5 To;nfO{ x6fpg c;Dej x'G5 . of] b'j} rqm xfdLd}
lglxt x'G5 / hf] of] b'O{ rqmaf6 d'Qm x'G5 pxL ;fIfL xf] . ha xfdL stf{ g/xL ljrf/ / s[TonfO{
klg b]Vg]jfnf x'G5f}“, ta xfdL ;fIfL x'G5f}“ .
1ftf / ;fIfL b'j}sf] cy{ km/s 5 . 1ftf ljrf/sf] stf{ xf] . ;fdfGo stf{n] d}n] u/“] eG5
eg] 1ftf d}n] hfg] eG5 . 1ftf klg stf{sf] ;"Id ¿k xf] t/ ;fIfLdf …dÚ sf] s'g} efj x'Fb}g .
;fIfLn] g hfGb5 g s]xL ub{5, s]jn b]Vb5 / pm ;a}sf] kf/ 5 . ;fIfLdf ›i6f;Dd klg x'Fb}g
lsgeg] ›i6f eGg]lalQs} stf{ x'G5 . ›i6fdf b]Vg] efj x'Fbf b]Vg]lalQs} Tof] tLg x'G5 . b]Vof}, To;}n]
›i6f aGof}, ta bz{g / b[Zo klg eof] t/ ;fIfLn] ;a}nfO{ cltqmd0f u5{, h;df xfdL s]jn x'G5f}“
nf]suLtf– 676
 cWofo–!*
/ ToxfF ;f/f lqmofx¿ z"Go x'G5g\ . ;fIfL g s]xL hfGb5 g s]xL u5{, s]jn b]lv/xG5 . hf] ;fIfLdf
afFR5, pm sd{ ubf{ub}{ klg csd{df afFR5 . p;n] b]v]/ klg b]Vb}g / hfg]/ klg hfGb}g, s]jn x'G5
/ of] z'4td cl:tTj xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;fª\Von] 1fg, sd{ / stf{nfO{ klg tLg u'0fsf cg';f/
ljefhg u/]sf] 5 . h'g 1fgaf6 dg'io k[ys\ k[ys\ ;a} k|f0fLx¿df Pp6f cljgfzL k/dfTdfnfO{
ljefu/lxt ;defjn] l:yt b]V5, Tof] 1fgnfO{ ;flŒjs hfg . ;fª\Vosf] ;'lglZrt l;4fGtdf k|To]s
s'/fsf tLg ¿k x'G5g\ lsgeg] cl:tTjsf ;a} s'/f lqu'0faf6 ag]sf 5g\ . To;}n] pgLx¿ x/]s
s'/f tLgdf ljefhg u5{g\ . ;Œj Tof] 1fg xf] hxfF ;j{q Ps} ¿k b]lvg yfN5 .
ha dg'io ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿df cg]s cg]s efjx¿nfO{ leGg leGg eg]/ hfGb5, To;
1fgnfO{ /fh; 1fg elgG5 / ha z/L/df g} cf;lQm eP/ JolQm tflŒjs cy{af6 /lxt / t'R5 5
eg] To:tf] 1fgnfO{ tfd; 1fg elgG5 . cg]s Pssf] efFtL b]lvof] eg] Tof] ;Œj 1fg xf] . cg]s
cg]ssf] efj, e]b, åGå / lj/f]w tyf ;Ldfdf b]lvof] eg] Tof] /fh; 1fg xf] . Iflqosf] ;f/f hLjg
;Ldfdf afFlwPsf] x'G5 / pm ;b}j ;Ldf a9fpg / /Iff ug{sf nflu n8\5 . a|fXd0fsf] ;f/f hLjg
c;Ld;Fu afFlwPsf] x'G5 . t];|f] td;\n] 3]l/Psf] JolQm cGwf] h:tf] x'G5 . p;n] Ps klg b]Vb}g /
cg]s klg b]Vb}g . td;\ k/d cGwsf/ xf] hxfF Ps of cg]s b]Vg] ;Defjgf g} x'Fb}g . ;Œj k/d
k|sfz xf], hxfF leGg leGg kl/lw ljnLg eP/ s]G›sf] Ps dfq b]lvG5 . oL b'j}sf] dWodf /fh;
x'G5, hxfF s]xL k|sfz / s]xL cGwsf/ klg x'G5 . t;y{ ToxfF s]xL b]lvG5 / s]xL b]lv“b}g t/ ToxfF
;Ldfx¿ cg]s b]lvG5g\ . of] tLg lrQsf] bzf xf] . xfdLnfO{ cfˆgf] l:yltsf] ljifodf 1ft ePdf
ofqf ;'ud x'G5 . oL tLg} u'0fsf] kf/ ;fIfL x'G5, To;}n] ;fIfLnfO{ rf}yf] cyf{t\ t'/Lo elgG5 . o;
cj:yfnfO{ u'0fftLt cj:yf klg elgG5 . t;y{ tLgaf6 kf/ eP/ rf}yf] kfpg' xfd|f] nIo xf] .
td;\nfO{ dfq xf]Og ;ŒjnfO{ klg 5f]8\g'k5{ / r}tGo / af]wsf] cj:yfdf k'Ug] xfd|f] nIo x'g'k5{ .
o;nfO{ g} dxfjL/n] s}jNo, a'4n] z"Go / kt~hlnn] t'/Lo eg]sf 5g\ eg] >Ls[i0f o;nfO{ u'0fftLt
cj:yf eGg'x'G5 .
lgot+ ;Ë/lxtd/fuå]iftM s[td\ .
ckmnk|]K;'gf sd{ oQT;flŒjsd'Rot] ..@#..
x] ch{'g Û h'g sd{ zf:qljlwåf/f lgot ul/Psf] 5 / stf{kgsf] cledfg/lxt kmn
grfxg]jfnf k'?ifåf/f ljgf /fu–å]ifn] ul/Psf] x'G5 Tof] sd{ ;flŒjs sd{ xf] ..
oQ' sfd]K;'gf sd{ ;fxÍf/]0f jf k'gM .
lqmot] ax'nfof;+ tb|fh;d'bfÅtd\ ..@$..
t/ h'g sd{ w]/} kl/>do'Qm 5 tyf kmn rfxg]jfnf Pjd\ cxª\sf/o'Qm k'?ifåf/f ul/Psf]
x'G5, To; sd{nfO{ /fh; elgPsf] 5 ..
cg'aGw+ Ifo+ lx+;fdgj]Io r kf}?ifd\ .
df]xfbf/Eot] sd{ oQQfd;d'Rot] ..@%..
h'g sd{ kl/0ffd, lx+;f, xflg / ;fdYo{sf] ljrf/ gu/L s]jn c1fgtfk"j{s cf/De ul/G5,
Tof] sd{nfO{ tfd; sd{ elgG5 ..
tfd;sf] cy{ d"R5f{ jf lg›fsf] bzf xf], hxfF JolQm lgbfPsf] x'G5 . sltko JolQmsf] lg›fdf
lxF8\g] / cg]s k|sf/sf sfd cr]tg cj:yfdf ug]{ afgL x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm /ftL p7]/ lxF8\bf klg
p;sf] cfFvf v'nf x'G5 t/ lg›f oyfjt\ /xG5 . tfd;sf] hLjgbzf l7s o:t} x'G5 . pm s]xL
ul//x]sf] 5 jf 5}g / lsg ul//x]sf] 5' eGg] klg yfxf kfpFb}g . qmf]wsf] If0fdf xf]; g} g/x]sf]

nf]suLtf– 677
cWofo–!*
p;sf] egfO x'G5 . o:tf] gzfsf] h:tf] cj:yfdf hLjg rnfpg] JolQm tfd;L xf] . o:tf] tfd;L
JolQm kl/0ffd, xflg, lx+;f / ;fdYo{sf] klg Wofg gu/L cGwsf/df s[To ub{5 / sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L
klg cfk"mn] lnFb}g lsgeg] p;n] xf];k"j{s s[To u/]s} x'Fb}g .
csf]{ sd{ /fh; sd{ xf] . k|z:t kl/>dåf/f o'Qm, kmnnfO{ rfxgf ug]{jfnf / cxª\sf/o'Qm
k'?ifåf/f ul/g] sd{nfO{ /fh; sd{ elgPsf] 5 . tfd; sd{ d"R5f{sf] sf/0fn] eP h:t} of] sd{ xfd|f ]
pQ]hgfsf] sf/0fn] x'G5 . s]xL JolQmx¿ hLjgdf vfnL s]xL gu/Lsg a:g} ;Sb}gg\ . leqsf] s'g}
pQ]hgf /fh; JolQmaf6 lgl:s/xG5 . d"lR5{t JolQmn] Wofg u¥of] eg] pm lgbfpF5 eg] /fh;
JolQmn] Wofg u¥of] eg] s}og\ s'/fx¿ p;sf] z/L/df / lbdfudf 36\g yfN5g\ . oL ;a} leqL
pQ]hgfx¿ x'g\ h;n] ubf{ /fh; JolQm zfGt /xg ;Sb}g . r+u]h vfg, t}d'/ b n+u, g]kf]lnog,
n]lng, dfcf]T;] t'+u, :6flng / k|foM ;a} /fhgLlt1x¿ /fh; JolQmTjsf HjnGt pbfx/0f x'g\ .
Oltxf;df gfd sf]l/Psf JolQmx¿ o:t} /fh; k|j[lQsf x'G5g\ . /fh; JolQmx¿ zlQmsf k'hf/L
x'G5g\ . t;y{ zlQmxLg x'g' g} pgLx¿sf] 7'nf] /f]u xf] / pgLx¿sf] cGt klg xf] . zlQmdf /x'Gh]n
7'nf]eGbf 7'nf] /f]unfO{ klg logLx¿ k/f:t ug{ ;S5g\ . /fh; JolQmsf] hLjg pQ]hgfn] el/Psf]
x'G5 / pm r'k nfu]/ zfGt a:g g;Sg] x'Fbf cfˆgf] cxª\sf/sf] t'li6 ug{sf nflu s]xL g s]xL
ul//xg rfxG5 . /f;h JolQm h'g;'s} If]qdf jf k];fdf eP klg cfˆgf] cxª\sf/ / pQ]hgfaf6
d'Qm x'g ;Sb}g . pm d]xgtL x'G5 / bf}l8gdf g} pmhf{ vr{ u5{ t/ k'Ug sxLF ;Sb}g .
t];|f] ;flŒjs sd{ 5 hf] zf:qljlwaf6 lgot zf:qx¿n] eg] cg';f/ ul/G5 . tfd;L
d"R5f{sf sf/0fn], /fh;L pQ]hgf / cTolws pmhf{sf sf/0fn] / ;flŒjs JolQm g d"R5f{n], g
c1fgn], g pmhf{sf sf/0fn] sd{ u5{g\ . ;flŒjs JolQmx¿ zf:qsf jrgsf] kfng ug{ sd{ u5{g\ .
h'g sd{ zf:qljlw cg'¿k, stf{kgsf] cledfg/lxt / zf:qx¿sf] jrgkfng ug{sf nflu ul/G5
ToxfF stf{kgsf] efj g} x'Fb}g . ;fy} o:tf] JolQmnfO{ kmnsf] klg s'g} rfxgf x'Fb}g . p;sf] ;fwg g}
;fWo x'G5, oxL If0f p;nfO{ ;a} s'/f k|fKt x'G5 / eljiosf] lrGtf x'Fb}g . o:tf] kmnsf] rfxgf
ljgf ul/g] sd{nfO{ ;flŒjs sd{ elgG5 . sd{sf oL tLg u'0f x'g\, oL tLg u'0f leq tLg k|sf/sf]
r]tgfsf] cj:yf x'G5 . r]tgfsf] cj:yf d'Vo s'/f xf] . td;\df r]tgf d"lR5{t x'G5, /h;\df r]tgf
ljlIfKt x'G5 / ;Œjdf r]tgf xf];k"j{s hfu[t x'G5 . t;y{ d"R5f{ / ljlIfKttfaf6 p7]/ xf];k"j{s
sd{ u/]df k|To]s sd{ hfu[t sd{ x'g] 5 .
d'Qm;Ëf]˜gx+jfbL w[To'T;fx;dlGjtM .
l;4Øl;4Øf]lg{lj{sf/M stf{ ;flŒjs pRot] ..@^..
x] ch{'g Û hf] stf{ cf;lQm/lxt / cxª\sf/o'Qm jrg gaf]Ng], w}o{ / pT;fxn] o'Qm Pjd\
sd{sf] l;l4 x'bF f jf gx'bF f klg xif{, zf]sflb / ljsf//lxt x'G5 Tof] stf{nfO{ ;flŒjs elgG5 ..
/fuL sd{kmnk|]K;'n{'Awf] lx+;fTdsf]˜z'lrM .
xif{zf]sflGjtM stf{ /fh;M kl/sLlt{tM ..@&..
h'g stf{ cf;lQmo'Qm sd{sf] kmn rfxg] / nf]eL 5 clg c¿nfO{ si6 lbg] :jefjjfnf,
cz'4frf/L Pjd\ xif{ / zf]sdf lnKt 5, o:tf] stf{nfO{ /fh; elgPsf] 5 ..
co'QmM k|fs[tM :tAwM z7f]˜g}is[ltsf]˜n;M .
ljiffbL bL3{;"qL r stf{ tfd; pRot] ..@*..
h'g stf{ ljIf]ko'Qm cyf{t\ co'Qm lrQjfnf, lzIffaf6 /lxt, 3d08L, w"t{ / csf{sf]
cfhLljsfsf] gfzs, zf]s ug]{ :jefjjfnf, cN5L / bL3{;"qL 5 Tof] stf{nfO{ tfd; elgG5 ..

nf]suLtf– 678
 cWofo–!*
ljIf]ko'Qm lrQjfnf cyf{t\ h;sf] lrQ sl/a–sl/a ljlIfKt 5, o:tf] JolQmn] ug]{ sd{ :ki6
x'Fb}g . sfo{sf] k|f/De / cGTo, plrt of cg'lrt sd{ / To;af6 cfpg] kl/0ffdsf af/]df ;d]t
p;nfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g . s'g} klg t/ª\un] p;nfO{ bf}8fO/xG5 . tfd; sd{ a]xf];Ldf ul/g] sd{ x'Fbf
kfgLdf au]sf] sf7 h:tf] tfd;L JolQm nIoxLg alu g} /xG5 . xf]; ePdf pQ/bfloTj x'g] x'Fbf
tfd; lrQsf] JolQm a]xf];Ldf /xg rfxG5 / a]xf];L g} p;sf] nIf0f x'G5 . ljlIfKt lrQjfnf
k|dfbL, 3d08L, cxª\sf/n] u|:t lrQ tfd;L JolQmsf] x'G5 . /fh;L JolQm ;sf/0f cxª\sf/L x'G5 .
t/ tfd;L JolQm ljgfsf/0f cxª\sf/L, s;}nfO{ e/f];f gug]{ w"t{, rfnafh, c¿sf] cfhLljsfsf]
gfzs x'G5 . p;sf] hLjgsf] 9ª\u / k|lqmof ljWj+;s x'G5 . To;}n] tfd;L slxNo} klg ;[hgfTds
x'g ;Sb}g . c¿sf] hLjgnfO{ gi6 ug]{ s'/fdf tfd;L JolQmn] ;'v cg'ej u5{ . To;}n] tfd;L
JolQmnfO{ >Ls[i0f ljgfzs k|j[lQsf] eGg'x'G5 . tfd;L JolQmsf] :jefj zf]s ug]{ x'Fbf pm ;w}“ b'vL
x'G5 / x/]s 7fpFdf b'v g} vf]H5 . b'vL x'g' g} p;sf] hLjgz}nL x'G5 . cN5L JolQm bL3{;"qL x'gfn]
p;n] ;b}j ug{'kg]{ s[TonfO{ ef]lnsf nflu 6fl//xG5 . tfd;L JolQm gfzs k|j[lQsf] x'g] x'Fbf gfz
ug{df /; k|fKt ub{5 .
/fh; JolQm cf;lQmo'Qm eP/ sd{sf] kmndf g} pT;'stf /fV5 . pm cN5L geP/ cTolws
pmhf{jfg\ x'G5 . t;y{ hxfF kmnsf] cfzf b]lvG5, ToxfF cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ pmhf{ vr{ ug{ tTk/ x'G5 .
/fh;L JolQm nf]eL / c¿nfO{ si6 lbg] :jefjsf] x'G5 . nf]en] ;b}j vf]:g rfxg] x'gfn] /fh;L
JolQmn] c¿nfO{ zf]if0f u5{ . tfd;L s]xL k|fKt ug{sf nflu s;}sf] gfz ug{'k/] klg kl5 x6\b}g t/
/fh; JolQmn] csf/0f s;}sf] gfz ub}{g . nf]e cz'l4 xf], To;}n] /fh;sf] cfr/0f z'4 x'Fb}g . pm
xif{ / zf]sdf lnKt x'G5 . /fh; JolQm xif{sf] g} ck]Iff u5{ t/ olb xif{ kfPg eg] dfq zf]s u5{
cGoyf pm xif{ g} k|fKt ug{ rfxG5 . ;a}eGbf >]i7 ;flŒjs stf{ x'G5 . cf;lQmaf6 /lxt,
cxª\sf/sf] jrg gaf]Ng], w}o{jfg\, pT;fxn] o'Qm, sfo{l;l4 eP geP klg xif{ zf]sflb ljsf/af6
/lxt stf{nfO{ ;flŒjs elgG5 . ;flŒjs stf{sf] s'g} cf;lQm x'Fb}g . p;sf] stf{kgdf nf]e x'Fb}g /
kfpg] OR5f klg x'Fb}g ;fy} p;df cxª\sf/ klg x'Fb}g . p;sf] sd{ st{Jojz x'G5 / p;nfO{ hLjg
g} s[To nfU5 . s]xL ug{sf nflu k/dfTdfn] k7fPsf] ;Dem]/ p;n] sd{ u5{ . ;flŒjs JolQm
zf:q;Ddt st{Jo sd{ u5{ / p;sf] sd{df s'g} cf;lQm x'Fb}g .
cf;lQm/lxt / cxª\sf/sf] jrg gaf]Ng] ;flŒjs JolQmsf] cfˆgf] s'g} cl:dtf x'Fb}g /
k/dfTdf;Fu g} p;sf] P]Sotf x'G5 . pm k/dfTdfnfO{ s]G› / cfkm"nfO{ To;sf] kl/lw 7fGb5 .
;flŒjs JolQm k/d w}o{jfg\ x'G5 / /fh; JolQmdf w}o{sf] cefj x'G5 t/ tfd;Lsf] w}o{ cN5Lkgdf
x'G5 . kmnsf] cfsfª\IfL gx'gfn] / sd{ g} kmn x'gfn] ;flŒjs JolQm c;kmntfn] b'vL geP/
kmlqmPsf] km"n h:tf] Hof]ltd{o x'G5 / pT;fxn] o'Qm x'G5 . ;flŒjs JolQmsf] hLjg k|ltkn x'G5 /
ef]lndf p;n] slxNo} klg 6fb{}g . pm cfh / clxn] g} cflv/L If0f xf] / hLjgsf] slxNo} cGt x'Fb}g
eGg] hfg]/ cxf]efjdf afFR5 . pm cft'/tfdf gafFrL cgGtsfn;Dd hLjg 5 / ;dosf] s'g} ;Ldf
5}g eg]/ afFR5 . p;sf] s[Todf ult, w}o{ / pT;fx x'G5 . ;flŒjs JolQm klg ;Œjaf6 kf/ ePkl5
dfq u'0fftLt x'G5 . ;flŒjs JolQm hut\\sf] cflv/L prfO xf] eg] tfd;L JolQm cflv/L vfN8f] xf] .
;flŒjs JolQmsf nflu ;'v–b'v, xif{–zf]s, xf/–lht ;a} k/dfTdfs} x'G5 / pm s]jn lgldQ dfq
x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 679
cWofo–!*
a'4]e]{b+ w[t]Zr}j u'0ftl:qljw+ >[0f' .
k|f]Rodfgdz]if]0f k[ySTj]g wg~ho ..@(..
x] wg~ho Û ca ltdL a'l4 / w[ltsf] klg u'0fcg';f/ tLg k|sf/sf e]bsf] ;Dk"0f{tfaf/]
ljefuk"j{s daf6 ;'g ..
k|jlQ+ r lgj[lQ+ r sfof{sfo]{ eofeo] .
aGw+ df]If+ r of j]lQ a'l4M ;f kfy{ ;flŒjsL ..#)..
x] kfy{ Û k|j[lQdfu{af6 / lgj[lQ dfu{af6 st{Jo / cst{Jo, eo / ceo tyf aGwg / df]If
af/]df hf] a'l4 tŒjn] oyfy{ hfGb5 Tof] a'l4 ;flŒjs xf] ..
oof wd{dwd{+ r sfo{+ rfsfo{d]j r .
coyfjTk|hfgflt a'l4M ;f kfy{ /fh;L ..#!..
x] kfy{ Û h'g a'l4åf/f dg'io wd{ / cwd{ tyf st{Jo / cst{JonfO{ klg oyfy{ ¿kdf hfGb}g
Tof] a'l4 /fh;L xf] ..
cwd{+ wd{ldlt of dGot] td;fj[tf .
;jf{yf{lGjk/Ltf+Zr a'l4M ;f kfy{ tfd;L ..#@..
x] ch{'g Û h'g tdf]u'0faf6 cfa4 a'l4 5 To;n] cwd{nfO{ wd{ dfG5 / c¿ klg ;a} ;Dk"0f{
cy{nfO{ ljk/Lt dfGb5 ..
>Ls[i0f x/]s jrgsf ;'?df x] kfy{ Û daf6 ;'g eGg'x'G5 . ch{'g s[i0fn] eg]sf] jrg ;'Gg /
To;af6 nfe lng ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ . To;}n] ;+jfb olt nfdf] ePsf] xf] t/ klg xtfz geO{ s[i0fsf]
hf]8 ch{'gn] ;'g"g\ / hfg"g\ eGg]df g} 5 . ;fª\Vosf] lqu'0f a8f] cgf}7f] 5 / hLjgsf x/]s kf6fdf
oL nfu" x'G5g\ . ;fª\Vosf] of] u'0f ;DaGwL egfO bz{gzf:q xf]Og, of] hLjgsf] l;wf ljZn]if0f xf] .
k|s[lt g} lqu'0fdoL x'gfn] :jefjtM k|To]s s'/fsf tLg u'0f x'G5g\ / oL tLg u'0fsf] ljefhgn]
xfdLnfO{ hfGg ;lhnf] x'G5 . tdf]u'0faf6 cfa4 a'l4 ljk/Lt x'G5 . To;}n] p;n] cwd{nfO{ wd{,
k|sfznfO{ cGwsf/, cGwsf/nfO{ k|sfz, hLjgnfO{ d[To' tyf d[To'nfO{ hLjg dfGb5 . p;sf ;a}
s'/f ljk/Lt x'G5g\ / p;n] ;a} pN6f] dfq b]V5 . td;\ ljk/Lt a'l4 xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– tdf]
u'0faf6 cfa4 a'l4jfnfnfO{ g ;'vsf], g zflGtsf] g} lrGtf x'G5, p;nfO{ s]jn cfˆgf] cxª\sf/ /
lhtsf] dfq lrGtf x'G5 . p;n] cwd{nfO{ wd{ dfG5 / ;Dk"0f{ cy{x¿nfO{ klg ljk/Lt dfGb5 .
To;}n] o:tf] a'l4 tfd;L xf] .
x] kfy{ Û h'g a'l4åf/f dg'io wd{ / cwd{nfO{ / st{Jo / cst{JonfO{ klg oyfy{ ¿kdf
hfGb}g Tof] a'l4 /fh;L xf] . ;flŒjs a'l4n] l;wf b]V5, Tof] z'4 k|ToIfLs/0f xf] t/ tfd;L a'l4n]
pN6f] dfq b]V5 . ;flŒjs a'l4n] h:tf] 5 To:t} b]V5≤ t;y{ of] z'4 x'G5 . /fh;L a'l4 b'j}sf]
dWodf x'G5 . /fh;L a'l4n] wd{ / cwd{nfO{, st{Jo / cst{JonfO{ klg oyfy{ hfGb}g . p;nfO{
/fd|/L hfGg sl7g x'G5 . To;}n] pm dWodf clNemP/ a;]sf] x'G5 . o:tf] a'l4nfO{ wd{ klg s]xL wd{
/ s]xL cwd{ h:tf] nfU5 ;fy} cwd{df klg s]xL wd{ / s]xL cwd{ h:tf] nfU5 . /fh;L JolQm
dWodf x'g] ePsfn] cGof]ndf x'G5 . c1fgL klg ;'lglZrt x'G5 t/ pm h;nfO{ ;To dfGb5
oyfy{df Tof] ;To x'Fb}g . ;flŒjs / tfd;L b'j} cfˆg} 9ª\un] ;'lglZrt x'G5g\ t/ dWodf /x]sf]
/fh;L JolQm eg] ;b}j b'lawfdf eP/ lg0f{o ug{ c;dy{ x'G5 . /fh;L JolQm ;a}eGbf a9L czfGt
/ 56k6fx6df x'G5 .

nf]suLtf– 680
 cWofo–!*
t;y{ x] kfy{ Û h'g a'l4åf/f wd{–cwd{nfO{ / st{Jo–cst{JonfO{ klg oyfy{ ¿kdf hfGb}g
Tof] /fh;L a'l4 xf] . k|j[lQ–lgj[lQ dfu{af6 st{Jo–cst{Jo, eo–ceo / aGwg–df]IfnfO{ hf] a'l4
tŒjk"j{s hfGb5, Tof] a'l4 ;flŒjs xf] . xfdLn] cfkm"leq s'g a'l4 5 To;sf] vf]hL ug{'k5{ .
ha;Dd xfdL ;flŒjs a'l4sf x'Fb}gf}“, To; a]nf;Dd wd{sf] vf]h x'g ;Dej x'Fb}g . tfd;L JolQm
dlGb/ hfFbf klg cg'lrt sf/0fn] hfG5 eg] /fh;L JolQm dlGb/ hfFbf klg k"/f hfg ;Sb}g To;}n]
cw'/f] hfG5 . ;flŒjs JolQmsf nflu t ;j{q dlGb/ g} dlGb/ x'g] x'Fbf dlGb/ hfg] p;nfO{
cfjZostf g} x'Fb}g . ch{'g tfd;L k|j[lQsf] xf]Og /fh;L k|j[lQsf JolQm x'g\, To;}n] pgL dWodf
5g\ . t;y{ b'of]{wg / cGo of]4f h:tf] eP/ o'4df klg plqg rfxFb}gg\ . a'4 / dxfjL/sf] cj:yfdf
pgL k'u]sf 5}gg\ / pgsf] b[li6 klg :ki6 5}g . ;flŒjs cj:yf kmlnt ePsf] eP ch{'g uf08Lj
e'OFdf /fv]/ s[i0fnfO{ gd:sf/ u/L o'4af6 labf x'GYf] . ch{'g clgl0f{t / ;+zosf] cj:yfdf eP klg
cf1fsf/L lziosf] efFtL k|Zg ub}{ 5g\ / >Ls[i0fsf jrg klg >4fk"j{s ;'lg/x]sf 5g\ . ch{'g
tfd;L JolQm ePsf] eP lzio klg x'g ;Sb}gy] / ;flŒjs ePsf] eP :ki6 af]w eP/ lzio aGg]
cfjZostf g} x'Fb}gYof] . ch{'g dWodf 5g\ To;}n] pgL lziox¿sf k|tLs x'g\ .
dxfef/t o'4df o'lwli7/ klg 5g\ t/ pgL k|Zg ub}{gg\ lsgeg] pgL wd{/fh x'g\ hf] s]jn
tyfslyt kl08t x'g ;S5 . ;flŒjs ljrf/ pgdf 5 t/ pgL ;flŒjs 5}gg\ . o'lwli7/nfO{
k|1faf]w ePsf] 5}g / pgL s]jn tyfslyt kl08t dfq x'g\ / pgnfO{ kfl08Ton] lyr]sf] 5 . t/
ch{'gnfO{ kl08Ton] glylrPsf] x'gfn] pgL k|Zg ;f]lw/x]sf 5g\ . o'lwli7/nfO{ pQ/ t yfxf 5 t/
Tof] s]jn zf:qsf] pwf/f] pQ/ xf], pgsf] hLjgsf] cg'ej xf]Og . dxfef/tdf xfdL ;a}nfO{ kfpF5f}
lsgeg] Tof] b'lgofFsf] ;+lIfKt lrq xf] . olb xfdL dWodf 5f}“ eg] xfd|f] dgdf lh1f;f p7\g ;S5 .
of] lh1f;feGbf dfly gp7] b'of]{wg x'g] vt/f x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0fsf] k"/f r]i6f ch{'gnfO{ b'of]{wg
x'gaf6 arfP/ a'4 h:tf] eP/ o'4df ;+nUg u/fpg' xf] . lgbf]{iftf / kljqtfsf ;fy lglj{sf/ eP/
o'4df Ps pks/0f / lgldQ dfq eP/ ch{'g plqo"g\ eGg] g} >Ls[i0fsf] k"/f r]i6f xf] .
w[Tof oof wf/ot] dgMk|f0f]lGb|olqmofM .
of]u]gfJolerfl/0of w[ltM ;f kfy{ ;flŒjsL ..##..
x] kfy{ Û h'g clJoerfl/0fL w[lt cyf{t\ wf/0f zlQmn] dg'io Wofg of]uåf/f dg, k|f0f /
OlG›osf lqmofx¿sf] wf/0f u5{, Tof] w[lt ;flŒjs xf] ..
oof t' wd{sfdfyf{Gw[Tof wf/ot]˜h{'g .
k|;Ë]g kmnfsfª\IfL w[ltM ;f kfy{ /fh;L ..#$..
t/ x] k[yfk'q ch{'g Û kmnsf] OR5f dg'io h'g wf/0f zlQmn] cToGt cf;lQmk"j{s wd{ cy{ /
sd{x¿sf] wf/0f u5{ Tof] wf/0f zlQm /fh;L xf] ..
oof :jKg+ eo+ zf]s+ ljiffb+ dbd]j r .
g ljd'~rlt b'd]{wf w[ltM ;f kfy{ tfd;L ..#%..
x] kfy{ Û b'i6 a'l4 ePsf] dg'io h'g wf/0f zlQmåf/f lg›f, eo, lrGtf, b'v / pGd'QmtfnfO{
klg 5f]8\b}g cyf{t\ wf/0f ul//xG5 Tof] wf/0f zlQm tfd;L xf] ..
;+;f/sf ;a} wd{ ;Œj;Dd dfq k'U5g\ . c+u|]hLsf] God, Good sf] g} ¿kfGt/0f xf] . ;Œj
/fd|f] cj:yf eP klg lxGb" wd{ o;eGbf klg kf/ hfg'k5{ eGg] wf/0ff /fVb5 . ;Œj klg ;'gf}nf]
l;qmL xf] . To;}n] o;eGbf kf/ eP/ u'0fftLt cj:yfdf k'Ug'k5{ . oxL g} lxGb"x¿sf] uGtJo xf] hxfF
d'lQm kmlnt x'G5 / lgu'{0fsf] cj:yfdf k'u]df k/dfTdf;Fu ldng x'G5 . lxGb"x¿sf] Ps dfq wf/0ff

nf]suLtf– 681
cWofo–!*
d'lQmsf] clenfiff xf] . w[lt wf/0ffsf] zlQm xf] . of] ;"q cToGt ax'd"No 5 . dg'iosf] hLjgdf ToxL
36\5, h] p;sf] wf/0ff x'G5 . wf/0ff g} dg'io hLjgsf] d"n;"q / cfwf/ xf] . ;+;f/df c¿ s;}n]
klg xfdLnfO{ b'v of ;'v lbg ;Sb}g / s;}n] afFWg of d'Qm ug{ klg ;Sb}g . xfd|f] wf/0ffn] g} ;'v
of b'v lbP/ xfdLnfO{ afFW5 of d'Qm u5{ . To;}n] of] w[ltsf] wf/0ff ax'd"No 5 . a'4n] wDdkbdf
eGg'ePsf] 5 h:tf] ljrf/ u5f}{, To:t} x'g] 5f} . To;}n] ljrf/ ubf{ klg ;fjwfgLk"j{s ug{'k5{
lsgeg] ToxL ;do ltdL cfˆgf] eljiosf] cfwf/ /flv/x]sf x'G5f} . ltd|f] hLjgdf cfh h] eO/x]sf]
5 Tof] ctLtdf ltdLn] u/]sf] wf/0ffsf] kl/0ffd xf] . of] ltdLn] g} rfx]sf] s'/f clxn] eO/x]sf] 5 .
;fy} cfh ltdLn] h] wf/0ff /fV5f}, Tof] ef]ln 3l6t x'g] 5 lsgeg] wf/0ff dg'iosf] hLjgsf] d"n
;"q / cfwf/ xf] . xfdLn] kfPsf] b'v xfd|} wf/0ffsf] kl/0ffd xf] . xfdL cfˆg} wf/0ffdf 3]l/P/ b'vL
x'G5f}“ . xfdLn] hLjgdf agfPsf cg]s wf/0ffsf] kl/0ffd hLjg xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– b'i6 a'l4jfnf dg'io h'g w[lt cyf{t\ wf/0ffåf/f lg›f, eo, lrGtf, b'v
Pjd\ pGd'QmtfnfO{ 5f]8\b}g cyf{t\ wf/0ff ul//xG5 Tof] w[lt tfd;L xf] . wf/0ffx¿ tLg k|sf/sf
x'G5g\, tLg k|sf/sf] Wofg x'G5 / tLg k|sf/s} w[lt x'G5 . tfd;L JolQmx¿ gs{nfO{ 3/t'No
;lDemP/ ToxfFaf6 lglSng rfxFb}gg\ lsgeg] pgLx¿nfO{ To;}sf] afgL kl/;s]sf] x'G5 . tfd;L
JolQm cfˆgf] wf/0ff cg';f/ lg›f, eo, lrGtf, b'v Pjd\ pGd'QmtfnfO{ 5f]8\b}g . of] ;a} p;sf]
wf/0ffs} kl/0ffd xf] . o:tf] JolQmdf b'i6tf x'G5 / c¿nfO{ klg b'i6tfk"j{s g} Jojxf/ ub{5 .
xfdLn] cfˆgf] hLjgdf sf/fuf/x¿ lgdf{0f u/]sf 5f}“ h;n] aGwgdf /fv]/ b'v l;jfo s]xL lbFb}gg\,
h;sf sf/0f xfdLnfO{ qmf]w, eo, kL8f x'G5 t}klg xfdLnfO{ To;}sf] afgL k/]sf] x'gfn] Tof]
wf/0ffnfO{ 5f]8\g rfxFb}gf}“ . o;nfO{ tfd; w[lt elgG5 . cN5Lkgn] kL8f lbG5 / hLjg af]emt'No
x'G5 t/ klg Tof] wf/0ffnfO{ tfd;L JolQmn] 5f]8\b}gg\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– kmnsf] OR5fjfnf k'?if clt cf;lQmn] h'g w[ltåf/f wd{, cy{ /
sfdx¿nfO{ wf/0f u5{, Tof] w[lt /fh;L xf] . /fh;L JolQm kmnfsfª\IfL x'gfn] k"hf, k|fy{gf / wd{
;a} kmnsf] cfzfn] dfq u5{ . ;fdfGotM xfd|f] cfsfª\Iff k"/f x'Fb}g / olb k"/f eOxfNof] eg] klg
;'v x'Fb}g lsgeg] k'gM kmnsf] cfsfª\Iffn] gofF s'/fdf ;'v vf]H5 . hlt wg, kb, ;'v ;'lawf eP
klg logLx¿sf] cfsfª\Iff slxNo} 36\b}g . ;a} kmnfsfª\Iffx¿n] cGttM ljiffbdf k'¥ofpF5g\ t/ klg
/fh;L JolQm kmnsf] cfsfª\Iff 5f]8\b}g . x] kfy{ Û h'g k'?if Wofgof]uåf/f cJolerfl/0fL w[lt cyf{t\
wf/0ffn] dg, k|f0f / OlG›ox¿sf lqmofnfO{ wf/0f u5{, Tof] w[lt ;flŒjsL xf] . hxfF cJolerfl/0fL
Wofg jf w[lt x'G5 ToxfF ;flŒjstf kmlnt x'G5 . JolQm zfGt a:bf klg dgsf Jolerf/ xhf/f}“
s'/fdf ofqf ul//xG5 / o;df xfdL ;xof]u ul//xG5f}“ . dg Jolerfl/0fL l:ylt xf] hf] ahf/ /
kfunvfgf h:tf] x'G5, hxfF Ps};fy xhf/f}“ cfjfhx¿ u'lGh/xG5g\ .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– Wofg of]uåf/f hf] cJolerfl/0fL w[ltnfO{ pknAw x'G5, o:tf] wf/0ff
ljrf/sf] Jolerf/ geO{ z'4 lglj{rf/sf] x'G5 . hf] lglj{rf/ x'G5, ToxL lglj{sf/ klg x'G5 . o:tf]
wf/0ffn] dg, k|f0f / OlG›ox¿nfO{ wf/0f t u5{ t/ Jolerf/L x'Fb}g . o:tf] w[ltn] dgnfO{ /
OlG›ox¿sf] lqmofnfO{ rnfpF5 t/ dg / OlG›oåf/f rNb}g . To;}n] ;GGof;LnfO{ :jfdL elgPsf] xf]
hf] ;Œjsf] bzf xf] . ;GGof;Lsf] uGtJo oxL xf] . Wofgsf] cj:yf ;GGof; / u}/Wofgsf] cj:yf
;+;f/ xf] . t;y{ s[i0fn] Wofgdf hf]8 lbg'ePsf] 5 . h'g lbg xfdL dg, k|f0f / OlG›osf] dflns
x'G5f}“ To;} lbg xfdL of]Uo kfq x'Gf]5f}“ / ToxL k/dfTdf xfdLdf k|j]z ug{] 5 .

nf]suLtf– 682
 cWofo–!*
;'v+ lTjbfgL+ lqljw+ >[0f' d] e/tif{e .
cEof;fb|dt] oq b'MvfGt+ r lguR5lt ..#^..
oQbu|] ljifldj kl/0ffd]˜d[tf]kdd\ .
tT;'v+ ;flŒjs+ k|f]QmdfTda'l4k|;fbhd\ ..#&..
x] ch{'g Û ;'v klg tLg k|sf/sf] x'G5 . h'g ;'vdf ;fws k'?if pkf;gf, Wofg / ;]jflbsf]
cEof;n] /d0f u5{ / h;n] ubf{ b'vsf] cGt k|fKt x'G5, o:tf] ;'v h'g k|yd ;fwgfsf] cf/De
sfndf ljif;dfg cfef; EfP klg kl/0ffddf cd[tt'No x'G5, Tof] k/dfTdljifos a'l4sf] k|;fbaf6
pTkGg ePsf] ;'v ;flŒjs ;'v xf] ..
ljifo]lGb|o;+of]ufBQbu|]˜d[tf]kdd\ .
kl/0ffd] ljifldj tT;'v+ /fh;+ :d[td\ ..#*..
h'g ;'v ljifo / OlG›ox¿sf] ;+of]un] k|fKt x'G5, Tof] oBlk ef]usfndf cd[t h:tf] nfU5 t/
kl/0ffddf ljif ;b[z x'G5 / Tof] ;'vnfO{ /fh; elgPsf] 5 ..
obu|] rfg'aGw] r ;'v+ df]xgdfTdgM .
lgb|fn:ok|dfbf]Ty+ tQfd;d'bfÅtd\ ..#(..
h'g ;'v ef]usfndf / kl/0ffddf klg cfTdfnfO{ df]lxt ug]{ jfnf x'G5, Tof] lg›f, cfn:o /
k|dfbaf6 pTkGg ePsf] ;'vnfO{ tfd; elgPsf] 5 ..
g tbl:t k[lyJof+ jf lblj b]j]if' jf k'gM .
;Œj+ k|s[lth}d{'Q+m ob]leM :oflTqleu{'0f}M ..$)..
x] ch{'g Û k[YjLdf of cfsfzdf cyjf b]jtfx¿df tyf logLx¿afx]s klg o:tf] sxLF st} s'g}
klg k|f0fLx¿ 5}gg\ hf] of] k|s[ltaf6 pTkGg ePsf tLg u'0faf6 /lxt xf]pmg\ ..
ef]usfndf / kl/0ffddf h'g ;'v cfTdfnfO{ d"lR5{t ug]{ x'G5 / h;sf] r}tGo x/fP/ a'l4
e|i6 x'G5 ;fy} hf] lg›f, cN5Lkgf / k|dfbaf6 pTkGg x'G5, To;nfO{ tfd; elgPsf] 5 . o:tf] ;'v
k|f/Dedf ;'vh:tf] nfU5 t/ o:tf] ;'vnfO{ j:t'tM ;'v eGg' klg l7s x'Fb}g lsgeg] o;sf]
cfTolGts kl/0ffd dxfb'vdf n}hfg] x'G5 . tfd;L JolQmnfO{ eg] of] ;'v h:t} cfef; x'G5 t/
oyfy{df o;n] b'v dfq lbG5 . o:tf JolQmx¿ cTolws ef]hg u/]/ d"R5f{ of a]xf];L cj:yfdf
/xG5g\ . tfd;L JolQmx¿ d'bf{;/x afFR5g\ / cfTd3ft klg w]/} u5{g\ . cTolws ef]hgn] k|f/Dedf
;'vsf] cg'e"lt x'G5 t/ kl/0ffddf chL0f{, cfn:o / :km"lt{ljxLg cj:yfdf k'¥ofP/ b'v dfq lbG5 .
tfd;L JolQmsf] ;'vlt/ b[li6 g} k'Ub}g . hLjg g[To ul//x]sf] 5 / k/dfTdfsf] pT;j rln/x]sf] 5
t/ pm To;df ;'v kfpFb}g lsgeg] p;sf] lrQ k/dfTdfk|lt u'gf;f]n] el/Psf] x'G5 . tfd; ;'v
ef]usfndf / kl/0ffddf klg d"lR{5t ug]{ x'G5 . To;}n] pgLx¿ gs{df emb{5g\ / hLjgsf] plrt
pkof]u ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . /flqdf pgLx¿ hlt cfglGbt x'G5g\, Tolt lbgdf x'Fb}gg\ . r]tgfsf] lbof]
aln/x]sf] x'G5 t/ tfd;L JolQm cGwsf/d} ;'v cg'ej ub{5g\ .
/fh;L ;'v OlG›o / ljifosf] ;+of]uaf6 pTkGg x'G5 . r}tGosf] lbof] hn]sf] ;'v
cGwsf/af6 lng] JolQm tfd;L x'G5 eg] of] r}tGosf] Hof]ltsf] ;'v l;wf glnP/ OlG›o, z/L/ /
ef]usf] dfWodaf6 lng] JolQm /fh;L x'G5 . o:tf] z/L/ / OlG›osf dfWodaf6 lng] ;'v /fh;L
;'v xf] . ljifo / OlG›osf] ;+of]uaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;'v k|f/Desf] ef]usfndf cd[t k|tLt x'G5 .
OlG›osf ;a} ;'v ef]usfnel/ ;'vb / ef]u]kZrft\ b'vdf kl/0ft x'G5g\ . sfdjf;gfsf] ;'v
ef]usfnel/ ;'vb cg'ej x'G5 / ef]ukZrft\ ljiffb, kL8f, ysfg / cfTdUnflg ag]/ kl/0ffd b'vb

nf]suLtf– 683
cWofo–!*
x'G5 . OlG›osf dfWodaf6 lnOPsf] ;'v ;a} If0feª\u'/ x'G5 / cem ulx/f] cGwsf/sf] k|tLlt
u/fpF5 . t;y{ ef]usf] ;do cd[t efg eP klg kl/0ffddf ljifh:tf] x'G5 . Tof] ;'v h;df ;fws
k'?if Wofg, pkf;gf / ;]jflbsf] cEof;n] /d0f u5{ To:tf] ;'v ;fwgfsf] cf/Desfndf ljif;dfg
nfu] klg kl/0ffddf b'Mvsf] cGt eO cd[tt'No x'G5 . olb of] r}tGosf] Hof]ltsf] ;'v ljgf dfWod
l;wf k|sfzaf6 g} kfpg ;lsG5 eg] Tof] ;'v ;flŒjs xf] .
;flŒjssf] bzf /fh;sf] eGbf l7s pN6f] x'G5 . k|f/De sfndf b'vb cg'e"lt x'G5 lsgeg]
Wofg, k"hf, k|fy{gf, tk ug{ cToGt} sl7g x'G5 . z/Ll/s si6 dgdf p7\g]lalQs} xhf/f+} ljrf/x¿n]
Wofg eª\u ug{ vf]H5g\ / yk si6k"0f{ / sl7g agfpF5g\ . t;y{ tk:of k|f/Dedf b'vb x'G5 t/
kl/0ffddf To;af6 dxf;'v k|fKt x'G5 lsgeg] ;flŒjs ;'vdf z/L/ / OlG›o dfWod x'Fb}g .
;flŒjs ;'v Wofg, ;]jf / pkf;gfsf cEof;af6 /d0f ub}{ pknAw x'G5 . Tof] xfd|f] r}tGosf]
:jefj xf] . Wofgsf] cEof;af6 PsfGt If0f k|fKt x'G5 / To; If0fdf leqsf] em/gf km'6\g yfN5 .
;flŒjs ;'v xfd|f] leqaf6 cfpF5 . tfd;L ;'v leqsf] k|sfznfO{ lgefP/ kfOG5 . /fh;L ;'v
OlG›o / z/L/sf dfWodaf6 kfOG5 . t;y{ o;df klxn] ;'v kl5 b'v k|fKt x'G5 / of] ;flŒjs
;'vsf] pN6f] x'G5 . To:t} ;flŒjs ;'v tfd;L ;'vsf] klg ljk/Lt x'G5 lsgeg] tfd;L ;'v d"R5f{
cj:yfdf kfOG5 eg] ;flŒjs ;'v d"R5f{ ;dfKt ePkl5 cyf{t\ hfu/0fsf] cj:yfdf pknAw x'G5 .
of] ;'v tLg k|sf/sf] x'G5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . hut\df o:tf] s'g} k|f0fL 5}g, hf]
k|s[ltaf6 pTkGg tLg k|sf/sf] u'0faf6 /lxt xf];\ . ;a} k|f0fL oL tLg} k|sf/sf ;'vaf6 lylrPsf
x'G5g\ . of] tLg k|sf/sf] ;'vsf] u'0fnfO{ hfg]/ hf] o;af6 kf/ x'g] rf}yf] cj:yfdf k'U5, Tof] g}
u'0fftLt cj:yf xf] . u'0fftLt JolQmsf] s'g} ;Ldf x'Fb}g / pm c;Ld;Fu Ps x'G5 . of] tLg k|sf/sf]
;'vdf 3]l/Psf] k|f0fL tLgsf] / ;[li6sf] kf/ eP/ ;|i6fsf] cª\u aG5 . xfd|f] uGtJo u'0fftLt x'g'
xf] . hf] ;a} u'0fsf] kf/ x'G5 pm k|s[ltsf] klg kf/ eP/ k/dfTdf x'G5 .
a|fXd0fIflqoljzf+ z"b|f0ff+ r k/Gtk .
sdf{l0f k|ljeQmflg :jefjk|ej}u{'0f}M ..$!..
x] k/Gtk Û a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo / z"›sf] klg sd{ :jefjaf6 pTkGg u'0fnfO{ ljeQm
ul/Psf] 5 ..
zdf] bd:tkM zf}r+ IfflGt/fh{jd]j r .
1fg+ lj1fgdfl:tSo+ a|Xdsd{ :jefjhd\ ..$@..
;d cyf{t\ cGt:s/0fsf] lgu|x ug{', OlG›osf] bdg ug{', wd{kfngsf nflu si6 ;xg', aflx/
leqsf] z'l4sf lglDt tk ug{', c¿sf] ck/fw Ifdf ug{', dg OlG›o / z/L/nfO{ ;/n /fVg', j]b–
zf:qsf] cWoog cWofkg ug{', O{Zj/df >4f /fVg' / k/dfTdfnfO{ tŒjn] cg'ej ug{', cfl:tstf,
a'l4, 1fg, lj1fg oL ;a} a|fXd0fsf :jfefljs sd{ x'g\ ..
zf}o{+ t]hf] w[ltbf{Io+ o'4] rfKoknfogd\ .
bfgdLZj/efjfZr Iffq+ sd{ :jefjhd\ ..$#..
;f}o{, t]h, w[lt cyf{t\ w}o{, rt'/tf / o'4af6 gefUg] :jefj Pjd\ bfg lbg' / O{Zj/efj
cyf{t\ :jfdLefj /fVg' oL ;a} Iflqosf :jfefljs sd{ x'g\ ..
s[lifuf}/Iojfl0fHo+ j}Zosd{ :jefjhd\ .
kl/rof{Tds+ sd{ z"b|:oflk :jefjhd\ ..$$..

nf]suLtf– 684
 cWofo–!*
v]tLkftL, uf}kfng, qmo ljqmo ¿k ;To Jojxf/ oL j}Zosf :jfefljs sd{ x'g\ / ;a} j0f{sf]
;]jf ug{' z"b|sf] :jfefljs sd{ xf] ..
;+;f/df dflg;x¿ plrt tl/sfåf/f ljeflht x'g] xf] eg] a|fXd0f, Iflqo / z"› tLg j0f{
dfq x'g'kYof]{ . dg'io plrt tl/sfn] ljeflht gePsf] x'Fbf rf}yf] j0f{ j}Zo klg 5 . j}Zo k[ys\
j0f{eGbf klg ldl>t j0f{ xf] . z"› / Iflqo, Iflqo / a|fXd0f, z"› / a|fXd0f lardf hf] 5g\, tL ;a}
j}Zo x'g\ . To;}n] j}Zo ldl>t j0f{ / rf/bf]af6f] klg xf] hxfFaf6 Ps j0f{sf] JolQm csf]{ j0f{df
k|j]z ug{ ;S5 . tLg j0f{ ofqfky xf] eg] rf}yf] rf/bf]af6f] xf], To;}n] j}Zo j0f{ 7'nf] 5 .
td;\n] el/Psf] JolQm hf] a]xf];Lsf] cj:yfdf x'G5 Tof] z"› xf] . /h;\n] cyf{t\ tLj| Tj/f /
pmhf{n] el/Psf] JolQm Iflqo xf] / ;Œj, zflGt / kljqtfn] el/Psf] JolQm a|fXd0f xf] . of] tLg u'0f
ul0ftLo ljefhg xf] t/ hLjgn] ul0ft dfGb}g . hLjgdf tLg u'0fsf eGbf rf}yf] u'0fsf j}Zo
k|z:t kfOG5g\ . a|fXd0f, Iflqo / z"› ;a} Joj;fo ul//x]sf 5g\ . a|fXd0fn] ug]{ k"hf–kf7, tk,
o1 / k'/]TofOF ug{' klg Joj;fo g} xf] / a|fXd0fn] ToxL cg'¿k Joj;fo ul//x]sf] 5 eg] pm j}Zo
g} xf] . To:t} z"› h'Qf agfpg], ;8s ;kmf ug]{ cflb wGbf ul//x]s} 5 . To;}n] Jofkf/ ug]{ z"› klg
j}Zo g} xf] . To:t} Iflqo klg cfˆgf] hLjg a]Rg] Joj;fo ul//x]s} 5g\ . t;y{ Jofkf/ ug]{ pgLx¿
;a} j}Zo g} x'g\ . of] tLg j0f{sf] ;ª\udsf] ¿kdf j}Zo j0f{ hlGdPsf] xf] .
hGd;Fu j0f{ ;DalGwt x'Fb}g . a|fXd0f, Iflqo / z"›sf] 3/df hGdg'n] a|fXd0f, Iflqo of z"›
x'g ;Sb}g . ef/tsf k|Voft ljåfg\ 8fS6/ cDa]8s/ z"› 3/df hGdg' eP/ klg pxfF sfg'gsf 7"nf
kl08t x'g'x'GYof] h;n] ef/tsf] ;+lawfg agfpgdf dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{'eof] . pxfF k|sf08
ljåfg\ a|fXd0fdf ulgg'x'G5 . To;}n] hGdaf6 s]jn ;Defjgf dfq k|fKt x'G5 . a|XdnfO{ ghfgL
sf]xL a|fXd0f x'g ;Sb}g . lxGb" k/Dk/fcg';f/ hGdaf6 ;a} z"› eP/ hlGdG5g\, lsgeg] ;a}
lj>fdaf6 cyf{t\ gf} dlxgf;Dd cfdfsf] ue{df ;'lt/x]sf] ulx/f] cGwsf/sf] cj:yfaf6 hlGdG5g\
hf] td;\sf] cj:yf xf] . j0f{ t p;sf] sd{af6 lglZrt x'G5 . hlGdFbf z"› / d[To'sf] cj:yfdf
a|fXd0f x'g ;s] hLjg ;kmn x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ j0f{x¿sf] nIf0fsf af/]df eGb} x'gx'G5 . ltg} nIf0fcg'¿k JolQmn] cfˆgf]
j0f{ lgwf{/0f ug{ ;S5 . pxfF a|fXd0fsf nIf0fsf] af/]df eGb} x'g'x'G5 . ;d cyf{t\ cGt:s/0fsf]
lgu|x, leq s'g} pQ]lht nx/x¿ afFsL g/x]/ cGt:s/0f :jod\ dflns ePsf] cj:yf 5 eg] ;d
kmlnt ePsf] hfGg'k5{ . To:t} bd cyf{t\ OlG›ox¿sf] bdg eP/ OlG›o jzdf 5 / xf]; dflns
ePsf] 5 eg] ToxL a|fXd0f xf] . zf}r cyf{t\ h;sf] aflx/ leqsf] z'l4 eO{ ljsf/ z]if 5}g eGg] xf] .
tk cyf{t\ hf] hLjgdf b'vaf6 zflGt kfOG5 / ;Tosf] vf]h x'g ;S5 eg] b'v vKg tof/ x'g]
JolQm a|fXd0f xf] . hf] ;'vsf] cfsfª\IfL geO{ Ifdfefj / zflGtnfO{ pknAw x'G5, pm a|fXd0f xf] .
Ifdfefj gePsf] JolQm zfGt x'g ;Sb}g . cfh{j h;sf] dg, OlG›o / z/L/ ;/n / g};lu{s eP/
;fgf] aRrf h:tf] afFR5, o:tf] lawfos b[li6 / cfl:ts a'l4 x'g] JolQm g} a|fXd0f xf] . oL ;a}
a|fXd0fsf :jfefljs nIf0f x'g\ . klxn]sf] zf:qdf ;fwf/0f ;+f;fl/s / kbfy{sf] 1fg h;nfO{ clxn]
xfdL lj1fg eG5f}“ ToxL g} 1fgsf] cy{ lyof] . To;nfO{ uLtfn] klg 1fg eg]sf] 5 . h;af6 c¿
s'/f hflgGYof], To;nfO{ 1fg / h;af6 :jod\nfO{ hflgGYof] To;nfO{ lj1fg elgGYof] . oL ;a}
a|fXd0fs} :jefljs nIf0f x'g\ .
ca >Ls[i0f Iflqo :jefjsf nIf0fsf] ljifodf eGb} x'g'x'G5 . ;f}o{, jL/tf, ;fx;, t]h /
cbDo pmhf{, zlQm, w}o{, rt'/tf, hLjgdf ;ª\3if{sf] s'zntf, o'4df klg gefUg' cyf{t\ d[To' g} cfP
klg gefUg' Iflqo u'0f xf] . Iflqo cfkm";Fu s]xL geP klg s;}n] s]xL dfu u/]df ;Dk"0f{ s'/f bfg
nf]suLtf– 685
cWofo–!*
lbg tTk/ x'G5 . lbg' p;sf] :jfefljs nIf0f xf] eg] :jfdLefj, cxª\sf/ / /fh; sd{ klg p;sf]
:jfefljs sd{ xf] . ;fx;, gdfUg] j[lQ, lbg] ;xhtf, cxª\sf/sf sf/0f gdfUg] t/ dxfbfgL x'g] /
:jfdLefj klg Iflqo u'0fsf] nIf0f xf] . cfkm" s]xL geP klg :jfdLefj eg] Iflqodf oyf]lrt
/xG5 . >Ls[i0f j}Zosf] :jfefljs nIf0faf/] j0f{g ub}{ eGg'x'G5– v]tL, uf}kfng, qmo–ljqmodf ;To
Jojxf/ j}Zosf] :jfefljs sd{ xf] . j}Zon] sd{ ubf{ klg OdfGfbf/L / ;To Jojxf/ xf];\, p;sf]
sd{ cwd{df cfwfl/t geP/ ;Tosf] vf]h ug{ ;sf];\ . x/]s s[Todf hlt cfjZos x'G5, Tolt g}
gfkmf lnOof];\ . v]tL, uf}kfng, qmo–ljqmodf ;To Jojxf/ j}Zosf] :jfefljs sd{ xf] . klxn] j}Zo
jf:tljs / ;To sd{df lyP / pgLx¿nfO{ ;]7 elgGYof] h'g >]i7 zJbsf] cke|+z xf] . h;n]
Jofkf/df ;TotfnfO{ :yfg lbPsf] 5, Tof] JolQm >]i7 xf] . To; ;dodf ;]7 ;Ddflgt ;Daf]wg
lyof] lsgeg] Jofkf/df OdfGfbf/L sfod /fVg'eGbf sl7g s]xL x'g ;Sb}g .
cGtdf >Ls[i0f z"›sf] u'0f sd{sf af/]df eGg'x'G5 . ;]jf ug{' g} z"›sf] :jfefljs sd{ xf] .
z"›n] ug]{ sd{ ;]jf g} xf] t/ ;]jf ubf{ z'4 ;]jfefj lglxt x'g'k5{ . cfˆgf] cfDfbfgL ubf{ klg
p;sf] efjbzf ;]jfs} x'g'k5{ . clxn] g z"›df ;]jfefj x'G5, g j}Zodf ;Totf x'G5 / g Iflqodf
;f}o{ x'G5 / g a|fXd0fdf a|XDf1fg x'G5 . a|fXd0f klg s]jn kf]yL kl08t cyf{t\ c¿af6 ;'g]sf] s'/f
/6]/ eGg] dfq x'G5 . To;}n] p;leqsf] /;wf/ klg ;'ls;s]sf] 5 . olb :jLs[t Joj:yf ePdf z"›
;]jfaf6} ;To;Dd p7\g ;S5 . ;To Jojxf/ ug]{ JolQm la:tf/} Joj;foaf6 bfgdf hfG5g\ cyf{t\
j}Zo klg bfgL eP/ Iflqosf] sf]6Ldf k'Ug ;S5 . olb Iflqosf] Jojxf/ plrt ePdf p;n]
hLjgnfO{ hfGb5 / To;n] Iflqoaf6 a|fXd0f agfpg ;S5 . a|fXd0f klg ;Œjaf6 p7]/ u'0fftLt
x'g] r]i6f ug{ ;S5 . o:tf] :jLs[t Joj:yf ePdf z"› klg a|fXd0f x'g ;S5 / cGtdf a|fXd0f
ePkZrft\ u'0fftLtlt/sf] ofqf ug{ ;S5 .
:j] :j] sd{0ole/tM ;+l;l4+ net] g/M .
:jsd{lg/tM l;l4+ oyf ljGblt tR5[0f' ..$%..
x] ch{'g Û cfcf5gf :jfefljs sd{df tTk/tfk"j{s nfu]sf dg'io eujt\k|flKt¿k k/d l;l4df
k|fKt x'G5g\ . cf5gf] :jfefljs sd{df nfu]sf] dg'io k/d l;l4nfO{ k|fKt x'Gf] ljlw ltdL d;“u ;'g ..
otM k|j[lQe{"tfgf+ o]g ;j{ldb+ ttd\ .
:jsd{0ff tdEoRo{ l;l4+ ljGblt dfgjM ..$^..
x] ch{'g Û h'g k/dfTdfaf6 ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf] pTklQ ePsf] 5 / h;df of] ;Dk"0f{ hut\ JofKt
5 Tof] k/dfTdfnfO{ cfˆgf] :jfefljs sd{åf/f k"hf u/]/ dg'io k/dl;l4df k|fKt x'G5g\ ..
>]ofG:jwdf]{ lju'0fM k/wdf{T:jg'li7tft\ .
:jefjlgot+ sd{ s'jf{GgfKgf]lt lslNaifd\ ..$&..
To;}n] /fd|f];uF cfr/0fdf /x]sf] csf{sf] wd{eGbf u'0f/lxt eP klg cfˆg} wd{ >]i7 5
lsgeg] :jefjn] lgot ul/Psf] :jwd{ ¿k sd{ ub}{ dg'io kfkdf k|fKt x'bF }g ..
;xh+ sd{ sf}Gt]o ;bf]ifdlk g Toh]t\ .
;jf{/Def lx bf]if]0f w"d]gflUgl/jfj[tfM ..$*..
ctPj x] s'GtL k'q Û bf]ifo'Qm eP klg :jfefljs sd{nfO{ TofUg'x'bF }g lsgeg] w'jfFaf6 clUg
;b[Zf ;a} sd{x¿ s'g} g s'g} bf]ifaf6 cfj[t 5g\ ..
oxfF >Ls[i0f b'O{j6f zAb :jwd{ / :jsd{sf] pkof]u ug{'x'G5 . xfdL cfÏgf] cfTolGts
lghTj / df}lns :jefjdf /x]/ sd{ ub}{ z"Go cj:yfdf x'g' g} :jwd{ xf] . :jwd{ ;a}df Ps} x'G5 /
nf]suLtf– 686
 cWofo–!*
;a}sf] uGtJo ToxL z"Go k|fKt ug{' xf] h'g clGtd 36gf xf] . s[i0f, qmfO:6, a'4 Pp6} z"Gotf / z'4
efjdf pknAw x'g'ePsf] 5 . of] aflx/af6 b]Vg / hfGg ;lsGg lsgeg] of] leqsf] cg'e"lt xf],
h;nfO{ klxNofpg] nIf0f klg x'Fb}g . :jsd{ k|To]s JolQmdf leGg x'G5 . o;nfO{ aflx/af6 klg
lrGg ;lsG5 . wd{ xfd|f] s]G› xf] / sd{ xfd|f] kl/lw xf] . xfd|f] s]G›df sf]xL k'Ug ;Sb}g . To;}n]
JolQm :jod\nfO{ dfq hfGb5 . of] j0f{sf] ljefhg :jsd{sf] ljefhg xf] . x/]s j0f{sf JolQmleq
ToxL Ps} a|Xd kfOG5 . s[i0fn] klxn]sf w]/} sygx¿df :jsd{nfO{ :jwd{sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug{'ePsf]
5, h;af6 e|flGt x'g ;S5 . x/]s u'0fsf] JolQm cfˆg} :jsd{df /x]/ g} pknAw x'g ;S5 .
;fwf/0ftM af]nrfnsf] efiffdf o;nfO{ :jwd{ elgG5 t/ eGg'kg]{ :jsd{ xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h'g sd{, u'0f / kl/jf/df xfd|f] hGd x'G5 Tof] csf/0f x'Fb}g . d[To'kZrft\
klg leq afFsL /x]sf] rfxgf, sfdgf, wf/0ff, cfsfª\Iff / jf;gfsf sf/0fn] dflg;sf] hGd x'G5 .
hGd csf/0f x'Fb}g, Tof] klg xfd|} rog xf] . hLjgwf/fnfO{ k"hf agfP/ sd{sf] kmn k/dfTdfsf]
r/0fdf ck{0f ub}{ xfd|f] sd{nfO{ g} cr{gf agfPdf k"hfsf] cfjZostf g} x'Fb}g . x] ch{'g Û h'g
k/dfTdfaf6 ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf] pTklQ ePsf] 5 / h;af6 of] hut\ JofKt 5, Tof] k/d]Zj/nfO{ cfˆgf]
:jfefljs sd{åf/f k'h]/ dg'io k/dl;l4df k|fKt x'G5 . To;}n] sd{nfO{ kl/jt{g gu/L xfdL h] u5f}{+,
ToxL sd{nfO{ k/dfTdfsf] r/0fdf ck{0f u/f}+ . c¿sf] wd{eGbf u'0f/lxt eP klg cfˆg} wd{ >]i7
x'G5 lsgeg] :jefjn] lgot u/]sf] :jwd{¿k sd{ u/]df dg'io kfknfO{ k|fKt x'Fb}g . c¿sf] aflx/L
cfj/0f dfq b]Vg ;lsG5 . aflx/af6 x]bf{ JolQm ;'vL / cfglGbt b]lvG5 t/ p;sf] leqL kL8f
cb[Zo x'G5 . xfdL c¿sf] wd{k|lt cyf{t\ :jsd{k|lt cfslif{t x'G5f+}“ t/ hlt To;leq k|j]z u5f}{“,
ToxfF b'v dfq b]Vg] 5f}“ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f x]bf{ /fd|f] b]lvP klg c¿sf] wd{ / c¿sf] :jsd{af6
aRg'k5{ eGg'x'G5 .
xfdL cfˆgf] lgot sd{ h'g hGd hGd nufP/ xfdLn] cflh{t u/]sf 5f}“, To;af6 ;'vL 5}gf}“
eg] ckl/lrt sd{df t emg} b'vL x'g] 5f}“ . To;}n] c¿sf] :jsd{af6 k|nf]let x'g' Joy{ 5 . cfˆgf]
:jfefljs sd{ / cfr/0fdf /xFb}, Tof] sd{nfO{ lgot dfg]/ k/dfTdfsf] OR5f :jLsf/ ub}{ u¥of} eg]
ltdL :jwd{df k|fKt eP/ kfkaf6 d'Qm x'g] 5f} . To;}n] x] s'GtLk'q Û bf]ifo'Qm eP klg :jfefljs
sd{nfO{ TofUg'x'Fb}g lsgeg] w'jfFaf6 clUg;b[Zf ;a} sd{ s'g} g s'g} bf]ifaf6 cfj[Q 5g\ . s'g} sd{
klg bf]ifd'Qm x'g ;Sb}gg\ / bf]if gePsf] s'g} sd{ vf]Hg klg ;lsGg . ;fy} bf]if dfq b]Vbf JolQmn]
s]xL klg ug{ ;Sb}g . bf]if klg vf]Hg ;lsGg lsgeg] vf]HffOdf klg bf]if x'g ;S5 . oxfF Zjf;
lnFbf klg lx+;f x'G5 . To;}n] hxfF hlGdPsf 5f}“ / h'g :jsd{ ltdLnfO{ lglZrt ul/Psf] 5, ToxL
sd{ ul//xg'k5{ / Tof] sd{sf] lhDdf cfkm"n] glnO{sg k/dfTdfnfO{ g} ck{0f ug{'k5{ . o;/L stf{
dfq gag] s'g} sd{n] afFWb}g . ;a}h;f] sd{ kfkk"0f{ 5, To;}n] d k'0osd{ u5{' eg]/ ;f]Rg' klg Joy{
5 lsgeg] o:tf] s'g} sd{ 5}g h;df kfk gxf];\ . xft xNnfpFbf, Zjf; lnFbf, lxF8\bf, vfFbf, a:bf,
;'Tbf x/]s sd{df lx+;f x'G5, k|f0fL db{5g\ / kfk x'G5 . lx+;f x'G5 eg]/ JolQm oL sd{x¿ gu/]/
afFRg klg ;Sb}g . Ps k6s cf]7 vf]n]/ aGb ubf{ sl/a Ps nfv hLjf0f' db{5g\ . :gfg ubf{
hnsf sL6f0f'x¿ d5{g\ . To:t} x/]ssf] s[Todf lx+;f x'G5 / of] ;a} ;f]Rg] xf] eg] sf]xL klg JolQm
afFRg klg ;Sb}g .
To;}n] ;a} sd{ bf]ifo'Qm 5 . hxfF clUg x'G5, ToxfF w'jfF x'G5 eg]h:t} hxfF sd{ x'G5, ToxfF
bf]if x'G5 . of] bf]if / kfkaf6 d'Qm x'g] Ps dfq pkfo cfkm" stf{ geO{ k/dfTdfnfO{ stf{ dfg]/ olb
sd{ ul/of] eg] Tof] sd{df s'g} bf]if / kfk x'g] 5}g / xfdL s]jn lgldQ dfq x'g] 5f}+ . k/dfTdf

nf]suLtf– 687
cWofo–!*
stf{ / xfdL p;sf] pks/0f eof}“ eg] ToxfF s'g} kfk / bf]if x'Fb}g . clg lgoltaf6 / k|s[ltaf6
k|fKt :jfefljs sd{ stf{efj Tofu]/ ug{' g} xfd|f] st{Jo x'G5 . s[i0fsf] ;f/f hf]8 oxL stf{efjsf]
Tofu ug{' xf] lsgeg] sd{ t Tofu ug}{ ;lsGg . x] s'GtLk'q Û bf]ifo'Qm eP klg :jfefljs sd{nfO{
Tofu ug}{ x'Fb}g lsgeg] w'jfFaf6 clUg;b[Zf ;a} sd{ s'g} g s'g} bf]ifaf6 cfj[Q x'G5g\ .
c;Qma'l4M ;j{q lhtfTdf ljut:k[xM .
g}isDo{l;l4+ k/df+ ;GGof;]gflwuR5lt ..$(..
x] ch{'g Û ;j{q cf;lQm/lxt, a'l4dfg\, :k[xf/lxt / cGt:s/0fnfO{ lht]sf] k'?if ;GGof;åf/f
klg k/d g}isDo{ l;l4df k|fKt x'G5 ..
l;l4+ k|fKtf] oyf a|Xd tyfKgf]lt lgaf]w d] .
;df;]g}j sf}Gt]o lgi7f 1fg:o of k/f ..%)..
lqmof/lxt eO{ z'4 ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xd¿k k/dfTdfsf] l;l4df k|fKt x'G5 . To;}n] x]
s'GtLk'q Û cGt:s/0f ¿k l;l4nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] k'?if h;/L ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xddf k|fKt x'G5 tyf hf]
tŒj1fgsf] kl/lgi7f xf] To;af/] ltdL ;+If]kdf daf6 ;'g ..
a'4Øf ljz'4of o'Qmf] w[TofTdfg+ lgoDo r .
zAbfbLlGjifof+:ToSTjf /fuå]iff} Jo'b:o r ..%!..
ljljQm;]jL n£jfzL otjfSsfodfg;M .
Wofgof]uk/f] lgTo+ j}/fUo+ ;d'kfl>tM ..%@..
cxÍf/+ an+ bk{+ sfd+ qmf]w+ kl/u|xd\ .
ljd'Ro lgd{dM zfGtf] a|Xde"ofo sNkt] ..%#..
x] ch{'g Û ljz'4 a'l4n] o'Qm PsfGt / z'4 b]zsf] ;]jg ug]{jfnf tyf ldtfxf/L, dg, jf0fL /
z/L/nfO{ lht]sf] b[9 j}/fUodf /fd|/L k'Ug ;kmn k'?if lg/Gt/ Wofgof]udf kf/fo0f ePsf], ;flŒjs
wf/0ffn] cGt:s/0fnfO{ jzdf /fv]/ tyf zAbflb ljifonfO{ Tofu u/]/ /fuå]ifnfO{ gi6 u/L,
cxª\sf/, an, 3d08, sfd, qmf]w / kl/u|x ;ª\u|xnfO{ Tofu u/L ddtf/lxt / zfGt cGt:s/0f
eO{ ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xddf Ps} efj x'gsf nflu of]Uo x'G5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL hxfF 5f}, ToxLFaf6 sd{ u/ s]jn kmnfsfª\Iffsf] Tofu u/]df ToxL
Tofuaf6 ;GGof; kmlnt x'g] 5 . hª\un / lxdfnodf uP/ tk:of ug]{ JolQmnfO{ klg ;GGof;
kmlnt x'g ;S5 . b'j} dfu{af6 df]If kfpg ;lsG5 . s[i0f s'g} kIfkft ug{'x'Gg . pxfF t s]xL
JolQmnfO{ k/dfTdf cfkm“} ;GGof;dfu{df n}hfg rfxG5 eGg'x'G5 . dxfjL/, a'4x¿sf] ;GGof; klg
k/dfTdfn] g} u/fpg' ePsf] xf] . >Ls[i0f ;GGof;L klg k/dfTdfnfO{ pknAw x'G5 eGg'x'G5 . o;/L
k/dfTdf pknAw x'g] ;"q ;GGof; of u[x:y geP/ kmnfsfª\Iffsf] Tofu xf] . u[x:y jf 3/ 5f]8]/
;GGof;L eO{ kmnfsfª\Iffsf] Tofu ug]{ s'/f JolQmsf] cfˆgf] :jefjcg'¿ksf] lg0f{o xf] . hxfF eP
klg kmnfsfª\Iffsf] Tofu gu/L k/dfTdf pknAw x'g ;Sb}g .
;a} JolQmnfO{ hah{:tL ;GGof;L agfpg ;lsFb}g lsgeg] hah{:tL ;GGof;L agfPdf p;n]
cf>d / dlGb/nfO{ g} 3/ agfpg] ;Defjgf x'G5 / ;GGof;L u[x:y ePdf p;n] 3/nfO{ g} cf>d
of dlGb/ agfpg] 5 . ;+;f/df b'O{ k|sf/sf JolQm u[x:y / ;GGo:y x'G5g\ . u[x:ynfO{ ;GGof;Ldf
/ ;GGof;LnfO{ u[x:yLdf cfsif{0f x'G5 . oxL ljk/Lt cfsif{0fn] e8\lsg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . t;y{
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– æ:jwd]{ lgwgd\ lk|oMÆ cyf{t\ cfˆgf] wd{df dg{' g} /fd|f] x'G5 . :jwd{sf] cy{
hGdaf6 kfOPsf] wd{ geO{ cfˆgf] :jefj / k|s[lt xf] . k/wd{df afFRof}F jf afFRg vf]Hof}F eg] k"/f
nf]suLtf– 688
 cWofo–!*
hLjg gs{t'No x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f k/wd{ eofjx 5 eGg'x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h:tf] ltd|f]
efj 5, ToxL sd{ ;/ntfk"j{s u/]/ kmnfsfª\Iff dfq Tofu . sd{ Tofu ug{ rfxG5f} eg] klg Tofu
t/ To;df klg kmnfsfª\Iff pTkGg gxf];\ . s[i0fsf] d'Vo pkb]z g} kmnfsfª\Iffsf] Tofu xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û cf;lQm/lxt, :k[xf/lxt, cGt:s/0fnfO{ lht]sf] k'?if ;GGof;åf/f klg
k/d g}isDo{ l;l4df k|fKt x'G5g\ . x] s'GtLk'q Û cGt:s/0fsf] l;l4 ¿kdf k|fKt ePsf] k'?if h:f/L
;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xddf k|fKt x'G5 tyf hf] tŒj1fgsf] kl/lgi7f xf] Tof] klg ltdL daf6 hfg .
>Ls[i0fn] o; k|;Ëdf w]/} s'/f eGg'ePsf] 5– o; hut\df lrhx¿ ;Lldt 5g\ t/ rfxgf
ug]{ w]/} 5g\ . To;}n] x/]s s'/fdf ;ª\3if{ 5 ;fy} k|lt:kwf{ xf]pGh]n xfdL ;+;f/df s]xL g s]xL
vf]lh/xG5f}“ . h;sf] c¿;Fu s'g} O{iof{ k|lt:kwf{ 5}g, pm g} :k[xf/lxt x'G5 . k/dfTdf lj/f6\ 5 /
hltn] rfx] klg pm vl08t x'Fb}g . pklgifb\n] eG5 k/dfTdf k"0f{ 5, t;y{ k"0f{af6 h] lgsfn] klg
jf yk] klg k"0f{ g} z]if /xG5 . To;}n] k/dfTdfnfO{ k|lt:kwf{ gu/L rfxg'k5{ . k/dfTdf kfpg :k[xf
ug]{ cfjZostf g} x'Fb}g . ljrf/af6 el/Psf] a'l4 cz'4 / w'jfFn] el/Psf] a'l4 xf] . w'jfF/lxt a'l4,
hxfF ljrf/ 5}g / Hof]lt dfq /x]/ z'4 a'l4sf] ¿kdf /xG5 Tof] ljz'4 a'l4 xf] / To:tf] z'4 a'l4n]
o'Qm JolQmnfO{ ljz'4 a'l4o'Qm elgG5 . xfdL PsfGt;Fu 8/fP/ le8df /xg rfxG5f}F . xfdL PSnf]
x'g 8/fP/ s]jn cfkm";Fu x'g rfxFb}gf+}“ . cfkm";Fu hf] x'g ;Sb}g, pm k/dfTdf;Fu klg x'g ;Sb}g .
k/dfTdf xfd|f] ;f/e"t cª\u Pjd\ s]G› xf] . t;y{ JolQm ha stf{efj 5f]8\5, ta p;leq
PsfGtsf] pbo x'G5 . oxL PsfGtdf /xg' g} z'4 b]zsf] ;]jg ug{' xf] .
;+;f/df ;d:of cfPkl5 efUg' sfFrf] j}/fUo xf] . o:tf] JolQm ;+;f/df k'gM kmls{P/ cfpF5 .
hLjgnfO{ k"/f hfg]df / kL8fnfO{ k"/f ef]u]df p;sf] cfsfª\Iff z"Go x'G5 . ;+;f/df l7s;Fu rNg]
JolQm g} k/dfTdfsf lglDt of]Uo x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm /fd|/L b[9 j}/fUo k|fKt u/]sf] k'?if x'G5 . t;y{
s[i0f ldtfxf/L, dgjf0fL / z/L/nfO{ lht]sf] JolQm, b[9 j}/fUodf /fd|/L k|fKt ePsf] k'?if eGg'x'G5 .
h] u/] klg Wofgsf] ;tt wf/f leq alu/x]/ xf]; alg/xf];\ . vfFbf, a:bf / k|To]s s[Todf xf];k"j{s
cj:yf eP dfq 1fgsf] k/flgi7faf6 ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xd k|fKt x'G5 / o:tf] JolQmnfO{ lg/Gt/
Wofgof]udf kf/fo0f ePsf] elgG5 .
cxª\sf/, an, 3d08, sfd, qmf]w / kl/u|xnfO{ Tofu]/ ddtf/lxt / zfGt ePsf] JolQm
;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xddf Ps} efj x'g of]Uo x'G5 . k/dfTdf t o;} If0f kfpg ;lsG5 t/ xfdL g}
tof/ 5}gf}“ . xfdL k/dfTdfsf] of]Uo alg;s]sf 5}gf+}“ . xfdL klxn] of]Uo x'g'k5{ / k/dfTDffsf] of]Uo
x'gf;fy pm ;w}“ pknAw g} 5 . bfz{lgs JolQmn] k/dfTdf eP gePsf] vf]hL u5{ eg] wfld{s
JolQmn] cfˆgf] kfqtfsf] vf]hL u5{ . To;}n] wfld{s JolQmn] k/dfTdf k|fKt u5{ / bfz{lgs JolQm
vf]hLd} /xG5 . sla/n] df5f kfgLdf eP/ klg ltvf{Psf] b]Vbf xfF;f] nfU5 eGg'x'G5 . kfgLn]
rf/}lt/af6 df5fnfO{ 3]/]sf] 5 Tf/ klg p;sf] ltvf{ d]l6Fb}g . To:t} xfd|f] jl/kl/ ;j{q k/dfTdf g}
5 xfdL p;}df xft xNnfpF5f}“, vfG5f“+}, af]N5f“+}, lxF8\5f+}“ / p;}af6 cfPsf 5f}“ Pjd\ p;df g} nLg x'G5f+}“
t/ p;nfO{ lrGg] ;+j]bgzLn Åbosf] cefjn] ubf{ xfdL p;nfO{ lrGg / b]Vg ;Sb}gf}“ . xfd|f] kfqtf
g} p;;Fusf] ldngdf afwf aG5 . O{Zj/df Wofg lbOof] eg] gfl:ts / cfkm"d} Wofg lbPdf cfl:ts
x'g ;lsG5 . To;}n] a'4 / dxfjL/n] O{Zj/sf] rrf{ g} gu/L s]jn cfkm"nfO{ z'4 ug{'eof] / To;} If0f
pxfFx¿nfO{ ;a} k|fKt eof] . a'4;Fu O{Zj/sf ;DaGwdf k|Zg ubf{ pxfFn] eGg'eof]– Joy{sf] k|Zg
gp7fpm . cfˆgf] s'/f u/ / cfˆgf] kfqtf s;/L z'4 ug{ ;lsG5 Tof] ;f]w . kfqtf tof/ x'g]
lalQs} k/dfTdfsf] jiff{ x'g yfN5 .

nf]suLtf– 689
cWofo–!*
a|Xde"tM k|;GgfTdf g zf]rlt g sfª\Iflt .
;dM ;j]{if' e"t]if' d∫lQm+ net] k/fd\ ..%$..
km]l/ Tof] ;lRrbfgGb3g a|Xddf Ps} efjn] l:yt ePsf] k|;Gg lrQjfnf of]uL g t s'g}
j:t'sf nflu zf]s u5{ / g s'g} cfsfª\Iff g} u5{ . pm ;a} e"tx¿df ;defj eP/ d]/f] k/felQmnfO{
k|fKt x'G5 ..
eSTof dfdlehfgflt ofjfGoZrfl:d tŒjtM .
ttf] df+ tŒjtf] 1fTjf ljzt] tbgGt/d\ ..%%..
Tof] k/felQmaf6 pm …dÚ k/dfTdfnfO{ …dÚ h] x'F / hlt 5', l7s To:t} tŒjk"j{s hfGb5 tyf
To; k/felQmåf/f dnfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfg]/ ddf k|j]z u5{ ..
;j{sdf{0olk ;bf s'jf{0ff] db\Jokf>oM .
dTk|;fbfbjfKgf]lt zfZjt+ kbdJood\ ..%^..
ddf kf/fo0f ePsf] sdL{ ;bf ;Dk"0f{ sd{ ubf{ub}{ klg d]/f] s[kfn] ;gftg cljgfzL k/d
kbdf k|fKt x'G5 ..
r]t;f ;j{sdf{l0f dlo ;GGo:o dTk/M .
a'l4of]ud'kfl>To dlRrQM ;tt+ ej ..%&..
x] ch{'g Û ltdL ;a} sd{nfO{ dgaf6 ddf ck{0f u/]/ d]/f] k/fo0f eO{ ;d:t ;da'l4 ¿k
lgisfd sd{of]unfO{ cjnDag u/]/ ddf lrQ b]pm ..
dlRrQM ;j{b'uf{l0f dTk|;fbfQl/iol; .
cy r]ŒjdxÍf/fGg >f]iol; ljgª\Iol; ..%*..
o;k|sf/ ltdLn] lg/Gt/ ddf dg lbof} eg] d]/f] s[kfaf6 hGd, d[To' cflb ;a} ;ª\s6af6
cgfof; g} tg]{ 5f} . olb cxª\sf/sf sf/0f d]/f jrg ;'g]gf} eg] gi6 x'g] 5f} cyf{t\ k/dfy{af6 e|i6
x'g] 5f} ..
uLtfdf tLg k|sf/sf JolQmsf af/]df rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf] ch{'gh:tf] JolQm hf] s[i0fsf]
pkb]znfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/L a'em]/ d'Qm x'G5 . bf];|f] ;~ho h:tf] JolQm hf] s[i0fsf] pkb]z ;'g]/ klg
¿kfGt/0f x'Fb}g / t];|f] w[t/fi6« h:tf] cGwf] JolQm hf] s[i0fsf] jrg ;~hoåf/f ;'G5 t/ Ifdtfsf]
cefjdf cg';/0f ub}{g . xfdLx¿ klg clwsf+z JolQm ToxL ju{df k5f}{+, hf] uLtfnfO{ wfld{s u|Gy
h:tf] kf7 t u5f+}{ t/ cg';/0f ub}{gf+}“ . ch{'g h:tf] JolQm aGg lxDdt / e/f];f rflxG5 . csf]{
JolQmnfO{ cfkm"leq k|j]z x'g lbg c;fwf/0f e/f];f g} rflxG5 . >Ls[i0fn] æ;a} wd{ Tofu]/ d]/f]
z/0fdf cfpmÆ eGbf k|Zg g} gp7fO{ ;dk{0f ug]{ kfqtf rflxG5 .
qmfO:6, df]xdb, a'4, dxfjL/nfO{ a'‰g / dgg ug{ sl7g 5}g . pxfFx¿sf hLjgdf Ps}
gLlt, lgod, dof{bf / cg'zf;g kfOG5 t/ s[i0f h:tf JolQmnfO{ a'‰g cToGt sl7g 5 lsgeg]
pxfF dof{bfsf] kf/ x'g'x'G5 . dof{bf t dg'iosf] x'G5 k/dfTdf t dof{bfsf] kf/ x'G5 . pxfF d'Qm xfjf
h:tf] s'g} eljiojf0fL ug{ g;lsg] x'g'x'G5 . s[i0f If0fhLjL x'g'x'G5, To;}n] csf]{ If0f s] ug{'x'G5
eGg g} ;lsGg . jrg klg If0fd} kl/jt{g x'g ;S5 lsgeg] ToxfF s'g} Pp6} 9fFrf klg 5}g . pxfF
gx/ h:tf] xf]Og gbL h:tf] x'g'x'G5 . >Ls[i0fnfO{ xfdLn] k"0f{ cjtf/ dfg]sf 5f}“ . ;a} dof{bf, lgod
/ ;Ldf t JolQmsf] x'G5 k/dfTdfsf] s'g} dof{bf x'Fb}g . s[i0f t ;jf]{Rr lgoGtf, u'0fftLt, c;Ld,
cdof{b / k"0f{ cjtf/ x'g'x'G5 . lxGb" wd{n] k/dfTdfnfO{ lgoGtf cyf{t\ lgodeGbf dfly dfg]sf] 5,
nf]suLtf– 690
 cWofo–!*
h'g zfZjt x'G5 . k/dfTdf lgodeGbf dfly gx'g] eP pgsf] h?/t g} x'Fb}gYof] lgod g} sfkmL x'g]
lyof] . t;y{ Tof] lgodnfO{ rnfpg] JolQm zfZjt k/dfTdf g} x'g'k5{ .
klxn] ;GGof;sf] cy{ 3/ ;+;f/ 5f]8]/ hfg' lyof] . s[i0fn] ;GGof;sf] kl/efiff g} kl/jt{g
u/]/ dxf;GGof;sf] Joj:yf lbg'eof], h'g ;+;f/lj/f]wL 5}g . ;+;f/d} a;]/ sd{sf] Tofu gu/L
kmnfsfª\Iff dfq Tofu] ;GGof;L x'g ;lsG5 . ;GGof; t s]jn Ps efjbzf xf] h'g JolQmn] u[x:Yf
eP/ klg lgjf{x ug{ ;S5 . ;GGof; o:tf] wd{ x'g'k5{, h;sf] h/f ;+;f/df / zfvfx¿ cfsfzdf
xf]pmg\ / h;n] k[YjL / cfsfznfO{ hf]8\g ;sf];\ . s[i0fn] o:tf] j}1flgs ;GGof;sf] Joj:yf
atfpg'ePsf] xf] .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;lRrbfgGb a|Xddf Ps} efjn] l:yt ePsf] k|;Gg lrQjfnf of]uL ;a}
k|f0fLx¿df ;defj eP/ …d]/f]Ú k/felQmnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 . k/felQm elQmsf] Tof] cj:yf xf] hxfF s'g}
dfu z]if /xFb}g . hxfF elQm g} cfkm"df cfgGb eP/ ;fwg xf]Og ;fWo aG5, o:tf] cj:yfdf
k/felQm k|fKt x'G5 . s'g} klg dfu afFsL /x]df Tof] k/felQm x'Fb}g . dfu/lxt cj:yf hxfF zflGt,
df]If, ;To / cfgGbsf] klg dfu x'Fb}g, hxfF elQm ug]{ cj;/ kfpg' g} cfgGb aG5, To:tf] elQm g}
k/felQm xf] . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h'g JolQm Tof] k/felQmåf/f …dÚ h] 5' / h] k|efjjfnf 5' eg]/
dnfO{ tŒjk"j{s /fd|/L hfGb5, To:tf] eQmn] dnfO{ tŒjk"j{s hfg]/ pm tTsfn …dÚdf k|lji6 x'G5 .
k/felQmsf] If0fdf eQm / eujfg\ Ps x'G5g\ t/ elQmsf] If0fdf eujfg\ / eQm cnu x'G5g\ .
elQmdf cfsfª\Iff, dfu / d'lQmsf] rfxgf z]if /xG5 . To;}n] eujfg\ / eQm cnu x'G5g\ .
ha JolQmdf d'lQmsf] klg dfu g/xL s]jn :jLs[lt efj dfq x'G5, o:tf] k/d t[lKtsf] If0f
k/felQm xf] . o; If0fdf k/dfTdf / eQmdf s'g} b"/L afFsL /xFb}g . o:tf] If0fdf k/felQmjfnf k'?if
…ddfÚ tTIf0f k|j]z u5{ eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . d]/f] k/fo0f ePsf] lgisfd sd{of]uL ;Dk"0f{ sd{x¿
u/]/ klg d]/f] s[kfn] ;gftg cljgfzL k/dkbdf k|fKt x'G5 . s'g} klg s'/faf6 efu]/ JolQm d'Qm
x'g ;Sb}g lsgeg] To; s'/f;Fu aGwg agL g} /xG5 . o:tf] d'lQmsf] k|of; eoeLt JolQmn] dfq
u5{ . cGoyf s]xL gTofuL sd{ ubf{ub}{ klg s[i0fsf] cyf{t\ k/dfTdfsf] s[kfn] d'Qm x'g ;lsG5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– h;n] hLjgdf elQm ;"q hfg]/ ;a} s'/f …dnfO{Ú 5f]l8lbG5 To:tf] JolQm
;a} sd{ ubf{ ub}{ klg k/d kbnfO{ k|fKt x'G5 . p;n] s]xL 5f]8\g'kb}{g p;af6 ;a} s'/f cfkm“} 5'6\5 .
5f]8\g'df xfdL x'G5f}“ t/ 5'6\g'df sf]xL klg x'Fb}g . hxfF cfkm" x'G5 ToxfF cxª\sf/ lgld{t x'G5 .
TofuLnfO{ Tofusf] cxª\sf/ x'G5 . To;}n] x] ch{'g Û ltdL ;a} sd{nfO{ ddf ck{0f u/]/ d]/f] k/fo0f
eP/ ;d:t a'l4¿k lgisfd sd{of]unfO{ cjnDag u/]/ lg/Gt/ ddf lrQ nufpm . o;k|sf/
lg/Gt/ ddf dg lbP/ d]/f] s[kfn] hGd–d[To' cflb ;a} ;ª\s6x¿af6 cgfof; g} tg]{ 5f} / olb
cxª\sf/sf sf/0fn] d]/f jrgx¿nfO{ ;'g]gf} eg] gi6 x'g] 5f} cyf{t\ k/dfy{af6 e|i6 x'g] 5f} . d
hfGg]jfnf x'F, d 1fgL 5' eGg] cxª\sf/n] JolQmnfO{ alx/f] agfpF5 . alx/f]n] a? ;'Gg ;S5 t/
cxª\sf/Ln] ;'Gg ;Sb}g .
ltdL cxª\sf/af6 3]l/P/ d]/f] s'/f g;'g]/ ;dk{0f ug{ klg c;dy{ eof} eg] gi6 x'g] 5f} .
gi6sf] cy{ hLjg Joy{ hfg] 5 eGg] xf] . xfd|f] w]/} hLjg o;/L g} Joy{ / gi6 eO;s]sf] 5 . To;}n]
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb ltdLn] d]/f] jrg ;'Gof} eg] ltd|f] hLjg gi6 geP/ ;fy{s x'g] 5 .
cxª\sf/nfO{ 5f]8]/ ;dk{0fsf ;fy ;'Gg / b]Vg ;dy{ eof} eg] hLjg ;fy{s x'G5 / xfdLleq /x]sf]
>Ls[i0fnfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . s[i0fsf] of] syg ;dk{0fsf] xf], o;sf nflu cxª\sf/ afwf xf] .

nf]suLtf– 691
cWofo–!*
obxÍf/dfl>To g of]T:o Olt dGo;] .
ldYo}if Joj;fo:t] k|s[lt:Tjf+ lgof]Iolt ..%(..
x] ch{'g Û ltdL h'g cxª\sf/nfO{ cjnDag u/]/ eG5f}, d o'4 ulb{g F Tof] ltd|f] lgZro ldYof
xf] lsgeg] Iflqokgsf] :jefj ltdLnfO{ hah{:tL o'4df nufpg] lsl;dsf] 5 ..
:jefjh]g sf}Gt]o lga4M :j]g sd{0ff .
st{'+ g]R5l; oGdf]xfTsl/io:ojzf]˜lk tt\ ..^)..
x] s'GtLk'q Û h'g sd{nfO{ ltdL df]xn] ug{ rfxFb}gf} To;nfO{ klg k"j{jt\ :jfefljs sd{af6
afFlwP/ s/ann] ug]{ 5f} ..
O{Zj/M ;j{e"tfgf+ Åb\b]z]˜h{'g lti7lt .
e|fdoG;j{e"tflg oGqf¿9flg dfoof ..^!..
x] ch{'g Û z/L/¿k oGqdf cf¿9 eO{ cGtof{dL k/d]Zj/ cfˆgf] dfofn] p;sf] sd{cg';f/
e|d0f ub}{ ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf] Åbodf l:yt x'G5 ..
td]j z/0f+ uR5 ;j{efj]g ef/t .
tTk|;fbfTk/f+ zflGt+ :yfg+ k|fK:ol; zfZjtd\ ..^@..
To;}n] x] ef/t Û ;a} k|sf/n] To; k/d]Zj/sf] cgGo z/0fdf hfpm . ltg} k/dfTdfsf] s[kfn]
g} k/d zflGt / ;gftg k/dwfd k|fKt x'g] 5 ..
Olt t] 1fgdfVoft+ u'Xofb\u'Xot/+ dof .
ljd[Zo}tbz]if]0f oy]R5l; tyf s'? ..^#..
o;k|sf/ uf]kgLoeGbf uf]kgLo klg cltuf]kgLo cyf{t\ 1fg ltd|f nflu eg]sf] 5'≤ of] /x:oo'Qm
1fgsf] ;Dk"0f{tfnfO{ /fd|/L ljrf/ u/]/ km]l/ ltdL h:tf] rfxG5f} To:t} u/ ..
;+;f/df u[x:y / ;GGo:t b'O{ k|sf/sf JolQm x'G5g\ t/ s[i0f t];|f] k|sf/sf JolQmsf] sNkgf
ug{'x'G5 . To:tf] JolQm hf] ;+;f/df g} eP/ klg ;GGof;L 5 . o:tf] ;GGof;L ;+;f/af6 efu]/ xf]Og
86]/ ;+;f/d} a;]sf] x'G5 . pm k/dfTdfnfO{ ;|i6f, ;[li6 / x/]s ¿kdf :jLsf/ u5{ . x/]s ljk/Lt
¿kdf klg o:tf] JolQmn] k/dfTdfnfO{ g} b]V5 / :jLsf/ u5{ . ;+;f/, df]If, ;[li6, ;|i6f ;a}
k/dfTdf x'g\– of] >Ls[i0fsf] dxf;"q xf] . s[i0fsf] ;GGof; Joj:yf h'g j}1flgs 5 o;}nfO{ cf]zf]n]
klg lg/Gt/tf lbg] k|of; ug{'ePsf] 5 . ;GGof;sf] k'/fgf] wf/0ffdf s]xL ;f+;fl/s sfd gu/L 3/
5f]8]/ knfog x'g] Joj:yfnfO{ ;GGof; elgGYof] h'g ;GGof; k"/f c;kmn k|dfl0ft eof] . knfog
x'Fbf pmhf{sf] wf/f k|jfx x'g ;Sb}g / eoeLt tyf 8/kf]s eP/ efUgfn] hLjgsf] j/bfg kfpg
;lsGg . ;+;f/ 5f]8]/ hfg] JolQmx¿n] k/dfTdfnfO{ cfwf dfq :jLsf/ u/] t/ k/dfTdf cfwf x'g
;Sb}g . ;GGof;Ln] ;+;f/nfO{ c:jLsf/ ug'{ / u[x:yn] ;GGof; / wd{nfO{ c:jLsf/ ug'{n] wd{ /
;+;f/sf] ;DaGw 6'6\g uof] . ;+;f/nfO{ ;GGof; agfpg' hLjgnfO{ wd{ agfpg' xf] . t;y{ ;GGof;L
hxfF x'G5 ToxL wd{ x'G5 . k/dfTdfnfO{ :jod\df dfq kfpg ;lsG5 . To;}n] 3/nfO{ g} dlGb/
agfpg] s[i0fsf] sNkgf b':;fx;k"0f{ 5 . of] s[i0fsf] ;GGof; ;"Id / sl7g 5 t/ of] ;GGof;
kmlnt ePdf d'lQmsf] åf/ ;lhn};“u v'Ng] 5 . ;+;f/ g} :ju{ aGg] dxfkl/sNkgfsf ;fy afFr]/
sd{nfO{ csd{ agfpFb} p;nfO{ vf]h u/]df k/dfTdf ;lhn} kfpg ;lsG5 .

nf]suLtf– 692
 cWofo–!*
dg'iosf] ;a} lgZro ldYof x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– d o'4 ulb{gF eg]/ ltdL s;/L lgZro
ug{ ;S5f} . ltdLn] t cfˆgf] hGd, hLjg / d[To'sf] klg lgZro ug{ ;Sb}gf} . ltdL cfˆgf] lgZron]
s]xL klg xf]Ogf} / ltdL of] lj/f6\ nLnfsf Ps cª\u dfq xf} . To;}n] ltd|f] ;a} lgZro ldYof 5 .
ltdL cxª\sf/nfO{ cjnDag u/]/ d o'4 ulb{gF eG5f}, Tof] ltd|f] lgZro ldYofk"0f{ xf] . k|Zg o'4
ulb{gF eGg] geP/ d o'4 ulb{gF eGg] xf] . o'4 ug{' jf gug{' s[i0fsf] hf]8 g} xf]Og . …dÚ¿kL
cxª\sf/nfO{ lardf gNofpg dfq s[i0f ch{'gnfO{ ;DemfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . d o'4 ulb{gF eg]/ eGof} eg]
ltd|f] lgZro ldYof xf] lsgeg] Iflqo j0f{sf] :jefjn] ltdLnfO{ ha/h:tL o'4df nufpg] 5 . ltd|f]
x'g] 9ª\u, ;+:sf/, lzIf0f, j[lQx¿ / dgf]efj ;a} Iflqosf] 5 . ltdLnfO{ n8\g dfq cfpF5 / efUg]
snf ltdLn] slxNo} l;s]sf klg 5}gf} . Wofg cflb sd{ ch{'gsf] :jefj xf]Og . To;}n] knfog eP/
uPsf] eP klg pgL ;GGo:t x'g ;Sb}gy] . >Ls[i0f pgnfO{ eGg'x'G5– ltd|f] ;f/f 9fFrf o'4sf nflu
;dli6n] tof/ u/]sf] xf] . ltdL o'4sf nflu g} ag]sf xf} . ltdL zfGt eP/ a:of} eg] klg zflGtsf
nflu o'4 ug]{ 5f} . o'4 ug{' ltd|f] lgolt xf] . of] ltd|f] cxª\sf/ klg o'4sf] lx:;f / ;|f]t xf] . To;}n]
o'4 ulb{gF eg]/ g;f]r .
x] ch{'g Û h'g sd{ ltdL df]xjz cfˆgf rf/}lt/ kl/hg b]v]/ ug{ rfxFb}gf}, To;nfO{ klg
ltdL k"j{jt\ :jfefljs sd{n] ljjz eP/ ug]{ 5f} . of] ltd|f] s]jn df]x xf] olb ltd|f lj?4 sf]xL
cfkmGt gePsf] eP ltdL o'4 ug{ lxlRfsrfpFb}gYof} / ltd|f] dgdf lx+;f jf clx+;fsf] efj klg
pbo x'g] lyPg . ltdL clx+;|s ePsf xf]Ogf} s]jn ltdLnfO{ cfkmGtsf] df]xn] ;dft]sf] 5 . ltd|f]
dgdf s?0ff pTkGg ePsf] klg xf]Og s]jn df]x dfq pbo ePsf] xf] . dfg{'df ltdLnfO{ s'g} cfklQ
5}g, s]jn cfkmGtnfO{ dfq dfg{ rfxFb}gf} . df]xaf6 df]If kfpg ;lsGg / ;GGo:t klg x'g ;lsGg .
df]x g} ;+;f/ xf], t;y{ ltdL pN6f] s'/f ub}{ 5f} / ltd|f] lgZro klg ldYofk"0f{ 5 .
x] ch{'g Û z/L/¿k oGqdf cf¿9 ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLx¿sf] cGtof{dL k/d]Zj/ cfˆgf] dfof /
pgLx¿sf] sd{cg';f/ e|d0f u/fpFb} ;a} k|f0fLx¿sf] Åbodf l:yt x'G5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL
d]/f cfkmGt, kl/hg geg lsgeg] ltdL, …dÚ / ;a}df Pp6} k/dfTdf l:yt 5 . To;}n] d]/f], ltd|f]
;a} em'6f] xf] / ;f/f v]n p;s} xf] . p;s} rfxgfn] dfq o'4 x'g ;S5 ltd|f] OR5fn] s]xL x'Fb}g .
k/dfTdfsf] OR5f of] o'4af6 s]xL kmlnt ug]{ x'g ;S5 . To;}n] arfpg] of dfg]{ pgs} xftdf 5 .
ltdL ;a} k/dfTdfdf 5f]8 . o; hut\\df k/dfTdfn] rfx]sf] s'/f dfq x'G5 . x] ef/t Û ;a} k|sf/n]
Tof] k/d]Zj/sf] cgGo z/0fdf k|fKt xf]pm . of] k/dfTdfsf] s[kfn] dfq k/d zflGt / ;gftg k/d
:yfg k|fKt x'g] 5 . cxª\sf/, df]x / ldYof oL tLg}af6 zflGt / k/dwfd pknAw x'g ;Sb}g .
cfkm"nfO{ x6fP/ z/0ffultn] dfq Tof] k/dwfd k|fKt x'g ;S5 . o'4sf sf/0fn] czflGt ePsf] xf]Og
czflGt ltd|} sf/0fn] ePsf] xf] . ltd|f] df]x / ddTj g} czflGtsf] sf/0f xf] . olb dleq /x]g eg]
;a} cfˆgf] x'G5 cyf{t\ k/dfTdfsf] x'G5 .
o;k|sf/ of] uf]kgLoeGbf clt uf]kgLo 1fg d}n] ltd|f nflu eg]sf] x'F . of] /x:oo'Qm
1fgnfO{ ;Dk"0f{tfn] /fd|/L ljrf/ u/]/ km]l/ ltdL h:tf] rfxG5f} To:t} u/ . >Ls[i0f of] 1fgnfO{
uf]kgLoeGbf cltuf]kgLo eGg'x'G5 . of] cToGt u'Kt 1fg xf] . ;fwf/0ftM o;nfO{ elgFb}g lsgeg]
o;nfO{ a'‰g sl7g x'G5 . h] elgG5 To;df gfl:tsx¿ ;+;f/d} /xg' plrt eG5g\ eg]
cfl:tsx¿ ;+;f/df s]xL 5}g, To;}n] o;nfO{ 5f]8]/ ;GGo:t x'g'k5{ eG5g\ . cfl:tsx¿n] eg]sf]
s'/f ;fwf/0f wd{ xf] . >Ls[i0fn] eg]sf] 1fg cToGt} km/s 5 hf] cfTdLotfdf dfq eGg ;lsG5 .
u'? lziosf] xflb{s ldng ePdf dfq of] eGg ;lsG5 . >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ pklgifb\ eGg'eof],
pklgifb\sf] cy{ u'Kt 1fg xf] . To;}n] uLtfsf x/]s cWofodf pklgifb\ ;dfKt elgPsf] xf] .

nf]suLtf– 693
cWofo–!*
pklgifb\sf] cy{ hxfF u'?–lzio b'O{ geO{ Ps ePsf 5g\, hxfF Pp6} r]tgf b'j}df aUg yfN5 ta
dfq u'Xotd s'/f eGg ;lsG5 . of] uf]kgLo 1fgnfO{ ;du|tfdf ;'g, d}n] eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ ljrf/
u/, To;kl5 ltdL h:tf] rfxG5f} To;} u/ eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . pxfF d}n] eg]s} s'/f u/ eGg'x'Gg
a? ;du|tfdf b[li6 km}nfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ u/ eGg'x'G5 . ha ;Dk"0f{ ljrf/x¿ ;dfKt eP/ z'4 ljrf/
kmlnt x'G5, ta cGt/td b[li6sf] k|fb'ef{j x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– eGg'kg]{ / eGg gx'g] klg ;Dk"0f{ s'/f d}n] ltdLnfO{ elg;s]F . of] eGg
gx'g] u'Kt 1fg xf] . of] ga'‰g] JolQmsf nflu vt/f x'G5 lsgeg] JolQm ;+;f/df g} /x]/ ;GGof;L
ePF egL dfGg ;S5 . sd{ jf;gfn] u/]/ klg cfˆgf] s'g} kmnfsfª\Iff 5}g eg]/ wf]sf lbg ;S5 .
xTof, rf]/L h:tf] s[To cfkm"n] u/]/ k/dfTdfn] u/fPsf] eGg ;S5 . To;}n] of] 1fg u'Kt xf] h'g
eGg of]Uo 5}g t/ klg d}n] ltdLnfO{ eg]sf] 5' . ca ltdL /fd|/L Wofgk"j{s ljrf/ u/]/ ltdLh:tf]
rfxG5f}, To:t} u/ . s[i0fn] ;Dk"0f{ s'/f :ki6 u/]/ lg0f{o ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ch{'gnfO{ 5f]8\g'eof] .
s]xL JolQmx¿ s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ ;DemfO{ a'emfO{ o'4df ptfl/lbg'ePsf] 7fGb5g\, h'g unt
xf] . s[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ ha/h:tL jf ;DemfP/ o'4df ptfg{'ePsf] xf]Og . pxfFn] ;Dk"0f{ l:ylt :ki6
¿kdf s'g} s'/f gn'sfO{sg pgL;dIf /flvlbg'ePsf] xf] / ch{'gnfO{ g} kl/k"0f{ ¿kdf lg0f{o ug]{
:jtGqtf lbg'ePsf] xf] . s[i0fn] olt jrg elg;s]kl5 klg olb ch{'gn] o'4 5f]8]/ hfg] lg0f{o
lnPsf] eP pxfFn] g/f]sLsg k|;Gg eP/ cfzLjf{b lbg'x'g] lyof] . ch{'gn] b]Vg ;Sg] Ifdtf kfPsf]df
s[i0f k|;Gg x'g'x'G5 . ch{'gn] klg ;fob cfkm"n] u/]/ s]xL x'Fb}g, ;a} s'/f ;du|n] u/]/ dfq x'G5
eGg] s'/f a'em] xf]nfg\ . ;dli6sf] OR5f o'4sf] lyof] To;}n] o'4 eof] . olb ;dli6sf] OR5f o'4sf]
gePsf] eP ch{'g ;GGo:t x'g] lyP t/ of] ch{'gsf] OR5fn] xf]Og ;dli6sf] OR5fn] dfq ;Dej x'g]
lyof] . ch{'gn] k/dfTdfsf] OR5fdf cfkm"nfO{ 5f]l8lbPdf ToxL g} pgsf] ;GGof; x'g] 5 . ;GGof;
eg]sf] k/dfTdfk|ltsf] ;dk{0f xf] . gbLsf] axfj;Fu kf}l8Ph:t} k/dfTdf;Fu cfkm"nfO{ 5f]l8lbg'
;dk{0f xf] / ;dk{0f g} ;GGof; xf] .
;j{u'Xotd+ e"oM >[0f' d] k/d+ jrM .
Oi6f]˜l; d] 9[9ldlt ttf] jIofld t] lxtd\ ..^$..
o;k|sf/ >Ls[i0fsf jrg ;'g]/ klg ch{'gsf] s]xL pQ/ gkfPkl5 eujfg\n] km]l/ eGg'eof]– x]
ch{'g Û ;Dk"0f{ uf]kgLo clt /x:oo'Qm jrgnfO{ ltdL km]l/ klg ;'g lsgeg] ltdL d]/f cltzo lk|o
5f} . To;}n] of] k/d lxtsf/L jrg ltd|f nflu d km]l/ eG5' ..
dGdgf ej d∫Qmf] dBfhL df+ gd:s'? .
dfd]j}iol; ;To+ t] k|lthfg] lk|of]˜l; d] ..^%..
x] ch{'g Û ltdL s]jn d k/dfTdfk|lt g} cgGo k|]dn] lgTo lg/Gt/ crn dg /fVf / d
k/d]Zj/nfO{ cltzo >4f ug]{jfnf tyf dg jf0fLnfO{ ;j{:j ck{0f u/]/ d]/f] k"hf ug]{jfnf xf]pm /
…dÚ ;j{u'0f ;DkGg ;a}sf] cf>o¿kL jf;'b]jnfO{ gd:sf/ u/ . o:tf] ugf{n] ltdL dnfO{ kfpg] 5f} . d
ltdL;Fu s] ;To k|lt1f ub{5' eg] ltdL d]/f lglDt cToGt lk|o 5f} ..
;j{wdf{Gkl/ToHo dfd]s+ z/0f+ j|h .
cx+ Tjf+ ;j{kfk]Eof] df]Ifloiofld df z'rM ..^^..
ltdL ;Dk"0f{ wd{ cyf{t\ ;j{sd{sf] cf>onfO{ …dÚdf Tofu u/L s]jn Ps …dÚ ;j{ zlQmdfg\
;lRrbfgGb3g jf;'b]j k/dfTdfsf cgGo z/0fdf cfpm . …dÚ ltd|f ;Dk"0f{ kfkx¿ d'Qm ul/lbg] 5'≤
ltdL zf]s gu/ ..

nf]suLtf– 694
 cWofo–!*
ch{'gn] >Ls[i0fsf jrg ;'g]/ klg s]xL gaf]nL df}g /x]/ ljrf/ ug{ yfn] . bf]wf/sf] efj
pgdf u'lGhg yfn]sf] x'g ;S5 . s[i0fn] clt uf]kgLo /x:o eGg' ePkl5 /fd|/L ;f]r–ljrf/ u/]/ h]
u5f}{, ltd|f] OR5f u/ eGg' ePsf] lyof] . To;}n] klg ch{'g ljrf/zLn h:tf] ePsf] x'g'k5{ . s[i0f
h:tf JolQmsf] k/d jrg ;'g]/ klg ch{'g cem} kf/ x'g g;sL ljrf/x¿sf] ;+;f/df g} clNem/x]sf
5g\ . d}n] ;a} a'em]F, of] ;f/f p;}sf] g} v]n /x]5 To;}n] xh'/ h] eGg'x'G5, d ToxL u5{' geg]/
ljrf/sf] ;+;f/df g} ch{'g 8'a'NsL nufO/x]sf 5g\ . ch{'gnfO{ s[i0fsf] jrgaf6 cg'e"lt ePsf] eP
;+jfb oxLF 6'ª\luGYof] / cem nfdf] x'g] lyPg .
olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg s[i0f yfs]/ xf/ dfGg'x'Gg . ;b\u'? slxNo} xf/ dfGb}g, yfSb}g / a'emfpg]
cys kl/>d ul/ g} /xG5 . To;}n] ch{'g a? yfSg ;Snfg\ t/ s[i0f h:tf] u'? slxNo} gyfsL
lzionfO{ plrt dfu{ gklxNofpGh]n k|of; ul/ g} /xg'x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f k'gM eGg'x'G5– d
uf]kgLoeGbf uf]kgLo jrg ltd|f nflu km]l/ eG5' / k/d /x:odo jrg ltdL daf6 km]l/ ;'g
lsgeg] ltdL d]/f cltzo lk|o 5f} . >Ls[i0f af/Da/ ch{'gnfO{ ltdL d]/f lk|o 5f} eGg'x'G5 lsgeg]
h'g 36gf k|]d / cfTdLotfdf 36\g ;S5 Tof] cGo cj:yfdf 36\g ;Sb}g / ch{'gdf s[i0fk|lt h'g
>4f k|]dsf] efj 5 To;df cem} ljsf; eP/ Pp6f cfTdLotf / ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f agf];\ eg]/
s[i0fn] ltdL d]/f lk|o xf} eGg'ePsf] xf] . ch{'gsf] Åbodf k|]d¿kL lap /f]k]/ pgdf /x]sf] >4fefj
cem b[9 eP/ ;dk{0fsf] cj:yfdf k'uf];\ eGg] s[i0fsf] OR5f 5 . To;}n] ltdL d]/f] cToGt lk|o xf} /
ltd|f nflu lxtsf/L jrg km]l/ eG5' eGg' ePsf] xf] .
>Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ km]l/ ljrf/x¿sf] hut\df k|j]z u/]sf] cg'ej ug{'eof] . ljrf/x¿nfO{
;f]r]/ a;]df slxNo} ;dk{0f ug{ ;lsGg . ljrf/ ;dfKt ePkl5 dfq ;dk{0f x'g ;S5 . ;f]r]/
u/]sf] ;dk{0fdf cxª\sf/ x'G5 . stf{efj tyf cxª\sf/ Tofu]/ dfq ;dk{0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ch{'gsf]
bogLo cj:yf b]v]/ s[i0fnfO{ pgLk|lt bof / s?0ff hfu]sf] 5 . olt ;a} eGbfeGb} klg ch{'g
ljrf/x¿sf] e|flGtdf km;]/ clg0f{osf] cj:yfdf 5g\ . To;}n] >Ls[i0f ch{'gnfO{ k'gM dg, jf0fL /
z/L/åf/f ;j{:j ck{0f u/]/ d]/f] k"hf u/ / d ;j{u'0f;DkGg jf;'b]jnfO{ gd:sf/ u/≤ o;f] u¥of}
eg] ltdL dnfO{ k|fKt ug{ ;dy{ x'g] 5f}, cGoyf ltd|f lglDt cGo s'g} pkfo 5}g eGg'x'G5 . gbL
;fu/df ldl;Pkl5 dfq ;fu/ x'g ;S5 / lap z"Goaf6 km'6]kl5 dfq j[If ag]/ kmn lbg ;S5 .
ch{'gsf] ca'emkgf / d"v{tfk|lt s?0ff / k|]defjsf sf/0fn] >Ls[i0f ;To k|lt1f u5{' eGg'x'G5
lsgeg] ch{'gnfO{ cem} s[i0fk|lt e/f];f ePsf] 5}g . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ;f]Rg' g} ljiffbn] el/g' xf] .
To;}n] ljiffbaf6 d'Qm x'g Åbon] cª\uLsf/ u/L ;f]r/lxt eP/ ;dk{0f ug{'k5{ .
ch{'g uLtfsf] c7f/ cWofo / uLtf ;dfKt x'g nfUbf klg ljrf/u|:t g} 5g\ . kfk–k'0o,
lx+;f–clx+;f, o'4 u¿F of knfog xf]pFm eGg] ljrf/x¿af6 h]lnPsf 5g\ . ch{'gsf] oxL l:yltnfO{
cg'ej u/]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL ljiffbdf gk/, lrGtf gu/ / w]/} ;f]rdf gk/L ;a} wd{ / ;a}
wf/0ffx¿nfO{ 5f]8]/ cgGo efjn] d]/f] z/0fdf cfpm / d ltdLnfO{ ;a} kfkx¿af6 d'Qm ul/lbg]
5' . s[i0fsf] of] pkb]z ;dk{0fsf] xf] . :jod\ ljnLg eP/ cfˆgf] …dÚ efjnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kn] TofUg] of]
lzIff xfdL ;a}sf nflu xf] . ha;Dd …dÚ efj /xG5, ta;Dd xfdL ;+;f/df x'g] 5f}, hxfF hGd–
d[To', kfk–k'0ox¿ x'G5g\ / ha …dÚ ;dfKt x'G5, ToxfF s'g} kfk / k'0o x'Fb}g . kfkaf6 d'Qm
ul/lbG5' eGg] s[i0fsf] jrgsf] w]/}n] unt JofVof u/]sf 5g\ . hlt;'s} kfk u/] klg s[i0fsf] gfd
:d/0fn] ;a} kfkaf6 d'Qm eOG5 eGg] a]l7s JofVof ePsf] kfOG5 . oyfy{df …dÚ efjsf]
TofukZrft\ cxª\sf/ z]if /xFb}g / o:tf] cj:yfdf ul/Psf] ;dk{0fdf kfk–k'0o klg z]if /xFb}g .

nf]suLtf– 695
cWofo–!*
cxª\sf/ ;dfKt x'g]lalQs} kfk klg ;dfKt x'G5 lsgeg] cxª\sf/sf] ;FuL;fyL g} kfk xf] . o:tf]
;dk{0f ug]{lalQs} å}t ;dfKt eP/ Ps dfq afFR5 clg ToxfF s;n] kfk ug]{ / s]sf nflu kfk
ug]{ < o;f] ePdf k/dfTdf g} dfg]{ / arfpg] x'G5g\ / ;a} pgs} xftaf6 ;~rfng x'G5 . …dÚ efj
;dfKt x'g] lalQs} /fd|f]–g/fd|f], kfk–k'0o, z'e–cz'e s]xL z]if /xFb}g / ToxfF lgå{Gå efj pTkGg
x'G5 .
>Ls[i0fsf] ;f/f pkb]z ch{'gsf] stf{efj Tofu u/fpgsf nflu xf] . hxfF stf{efj x'Fb}g,
ToxfF stf{ k/dfTdf x'G5 / kfk–k'0osf] lhDd]jf/L klg p;s} x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x]
ch{'g …dÚ efj 5f]8]df ltdL o'4 ubf{ klg stf{ x'g] 5}gf} / k/dfTdfsf] lgldQ dfq x'g] 5f} . clg
o'4df xTof ubf{ klg ltdL stf{ x'g] 5}gf} . t;y{ stf{ gePkl5 ltdLnfO{ kfk klg nfUg] 5}g /
k/dfTdfn] g} o;sf] lhDd]jf/L lng] 5 . ltdLn] stf{efj Tofu]df ltd|f nflu ;a} v]n x'g] 5 /
k/dfTdfsf nflu nLnf x'g] 5 . ch{'g e|flGtsf] cj:yfdf 5g\ To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltdL lrGtf
/ zf]s gu/ . ltdL cxª\sf/nfO{ 5f]8]/ zfGt / zLtn xf]pm, afFsL ;a} dnfO{ 5f]l8b]pm . cxª\sf/
g} kfksf] aLh xf] . cxª\sf/sf] h8 ;dk{0fn] sf6\g'k5{ . ch{'g slt efUozfnL 5g\ >Ls[i0f pgsf]
hLjgdf Ps u'?, cleefjs Pjd\ ;vfsf] ¿kdf cjtl/t x'g'ePsf] 5 . aflx/L ¿kaf6 dfq geP/
ch{'gnfO{ leqL ¿kd} ¿kfGt/0f u/fP/ pgnfO{ kf/ u/fpg eujfg\ >Ls[i0f rfxg'x'G5 .
Ob+ t] gftk:sfo gfeQmfo sbfrg .
g rfz'>"ifj] jfRo+ g r df+ of]˜Eo;"olt ..^&..
x] ch{'g Û o;k|sf/ ltd|f] lxtsf nflu elgPsf] of] uLtf¿kL k/d /x:o s'g} klg sfndf
ltdLn] tk/lxt dg'ionfO{ geGg", elQm/lxt tyf ;'Gg] OR5f gePsfnfO{ klg geGg" tyf hf] dk|lt
bf]ifb[li6 /fV5 of lgGbf u5{ p;nfO{ t sbflrt\ klg geGg" ..
o Od+ k/d+ u'Xo+ d∫Q]mijlewf:olt .
elSt+ dlo k/f+ s[Tjf dfd]j}ioTo;+zoM ..^*..
h'g k'?if ddf k/d k|]d u/]/ of] k/d u'Xo uLtf d]/f eQmx¿nfO{ eGg] 5 Tof] lgM;Gb]x dnfO{
g} k|fKt x'g] 5 ..
g r t:dfGdg'io]if' slZrGd] lk|os[QdM .
eljtf g r d] t:dfbGoM lk|ot/f] e'lj ..^(..
To;eGbf 7'nf] d]/f] cltzo lk|o sfo{ ug]{ dg'io g sf]xL 5 g t To;eGbf 7'nf] d]/f] cToGt
Kof/f] JolQm k[YjLdf eljiodf csf]{ x'g] g} 5 ..
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– ltd|f] lxtsf nflu elgPsf] of] uLtf¿kL k/d /x:o ax'd"No ePsfn]
o:tf] uf]kgLo / /x:odo uLtf hf] sf]xLnfO{ geGg" . of] o:tf] ax'd"No /Tg xf], h'g hf] sf]xLnfO{
glbP/ kf/vLnfO{ dfq lbg'k5{ . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] k/d u'Xo /x:o s'g} sfndf klg tk/lxt
dg'ionfO{ geGg" . ;To a'‰gsf nflu xf]Og hfGgsf nflu r]i6f ug]{ / o;}sf nflu k|f0fsf] cfx'lt
lbg kl5 gkg]{ JolQm g} tk:jL xf] . o:tf] JolQmsf lglDt ;Tosf cufl8 hLjgsf] s'g} d"No x'Fb}g .
TofuLsf lglDt ;TonfO{ hfGgsf nflu k|f0fsf] klg s'g} d"No x'Fb}g eg] ef]uLsf nflu z/L/ g} ;Dk"0f{
s'/f x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] k/d u'Xo uLtf bz{g tk:jLnfO{ hf] d'd'Iffn]] hfGg cfPsf]
5 To:tf] JolQmnfO{ dfq eGg'k5{, of] lh1f;'nfO{ eGg] ljifo xf]Og . af]wL wd{ rLgdf a'4 wd{ k|rf/
ug{ uP . pgL dg'iox¿ klg leQf h:t} 5g\ eg]/ leQfkl§ d'v kmsf{P/ s'/f uy]{ . pgL sxfF
klxnf] lziosf] ¿kdf 8fh' x's] (Dazu Huike) gfdsf JolQm cfP / af]wL wd{nfO{ cfkm"lt/ kms]{/

nf]suLtf– 696
 cWofo–!*
x]/ cGoyf d cfˆgf] 3fF6L sf6]/ r/0fdf r9fpF5' eg] . af]wL wd{n] s]xL eGg'cl3 pgn] cfˆgf] xft
sf6]/ pgsf] r/0fdf /flvlbP / To;kl5 3fF6L sf6\g tTk/ eP . af]wL wd{ tt\If0f pgLlt/ kmls{P/
d gf} jif{b]lv h;sf] k|tLIff/t lyPF Tof] ltdL g} xf}F eg] .
o:tf] ;To hfGg cfkm"nfO{ g} ;dfKt ug{ glxlRsrfpg] JolQmnfO{ dfq uLtf 1fg ;'gfpg',
Joy{sf] JolQm h;df hfGg] / ;'Gg] /; 5}g p;nfO{ g;'gfpg" eGb} >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– g tk/lxtnfO{
eGg" g elQm/lxtnfO{ eGg" lsgeg] hxfF elQm x'Fb}g ToxfF uf]kgLo s'/f eGg'x'Fb}g . uf]kgLo s'/f eGg
cltlgs6tf rflxG5 . klxn] u'?n] lzionfO{ sfgdf o:t} uf]kgLo dGq ;'gfpFy] h'g lgs6df
atfpg] s'/fsf] k|tLs xf] . u'?n] cToGt lgs6tf / ;fdLKotfdf lzionfO{ uf]Ko 1fg eGg] uy]{ . of]
clxn]sf u'?n] ufoqL dGq eg]sf] h:tf] xf]Og . sfgdf dGq eGg] rng cem} 5 t/ Tof]
uf]kgLotfsf] efj clxn] 5}g . sfgdf dGq eGg'sf] cy{ uf]kgLo 1fg kfqtf ePsf] JolQmnfO{ dfq
eGg' / c¿nfO{ geGg' eGg] xf] . elQm/lxt JolQmnfO{ of] u'Xo uLtf eg]df p;n] o;nfO{ a'‰b}g /
of] Joy{ x'G5 ;fy} jf0fL Joy{df vr{ ug{' pko'Qm x'Fb}g / p;nfO{ uLtf eGg' e}+;Lsf cufl8 jL0ff
ahfpg' h:tf] x'G5 . a'l4n] dfq of] u'Kt /x:onfO{ hfGg] JolQmn] o;nfO{ cg]s ts{af6 cy{
nufpF5, h'g pkof]uLeGbf xflgsf/s x'G5 . To;}n] elQmk"0f{ Åboaf6 dfq of] u'Kt /x:onfO{ a'‰g
;lsG5 lsgeg] Åbo s]G› xf] o;n] ts{ gvf]hL efjaf6 a'‰g ;S5 .
To:t} ;'Gg gvf]Hg] JolQmnfO{ klg geGg" eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . hf] ;'Gg] d'd'Iff /fVb}g /
;'Ggsf nflu k|f0fsf] afhL nufpFb}g, To:tf] JolQmnfO{ klg geGg" lsgeg] o:tf] JolQmsf] k/d uLtf
/x:o sfg;Dd klg k'Ub}g / of] Joy{ x'G5 . o:tf] JolQmn] ga'‰gfn] / ghfGgfn] of] u'Xo uLtf
p;sf nflu cy{xLg x'G5 / ;bfsf nflu ;'Gg clgR5's x'G5 . s]6fs]6LnfO{ hah{:tL wfld{s efjgf
hfu[t ug]{ k|of;sf] gsf/fTds c;/ x'g ;S5 / eljiodf wfld{s x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf klg hah{:tL
ugf{n] cGt x'g ;S5 . To;}n] s}og\ k6s d'd'Iff /fVg] JolQmx¿nfO{ dfq uLtf eGg'k5{ . ef]s
gnfuL hlt;'s} ld7f] ef]hg eP klg u|x0fof]Uo x'Fb}g, To:t} kfqtf / lh1f;f gePsf] JolQmnfO{ of]
uLtf/x:o eGg'x'Fb}g eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . To:t} h;n] d]/f] lgGbf u5{, To;nfO{ klg geGg" eg]/
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] hlt;'s} /fd|f];Fu eg] klg lgGbf / lj/f]wn] el/Psf] dgn] unt cy{
lgsfNg] 5 . lgGbf ug]{ JolQmsf cfFvf cGwf] x'g] x'gfn] To:tf JolQmnfO{ uLtf sbflk eGg' x'Gg .
h'g JolQmn] d]/f] k/d k|]dn] of] k/d 1fg d]/f eQmx¿nfO{ eGg] 5, To:tf] JolQmn] lgM;Gb]x
dnfO{ g} k|fKt ug]{ 5 . o:tf] JolQmeGbf cltzo lk|o sd{ ug]{jfnf sf]xL x'Fb}g / pm h:tf] cToGt
Kof/f] JolQm o; k[YjLdf d]/f lglDt csf]{ x'g] 5}g eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . …efujt uLtfÚ eujfg\sf]
lbJo uLt xf], h'g ch{'gsf] axfgfdf :ju{sf] uLtfuËfnfO{ s[i0fn] k[YjLdf ptfg{'ePsf] 5 . Kof;
nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ o:tf] kljq uËfsf] hn lkpg lbg' cToGt} kljq s[To xf] / s[i0fsf] cToGt lk|o
JolQmn] dfq o:tf] s[To ug{ ;S5 . h'g lbg JolQmdf k/d Kof; hfU5, To:f} lbg dfq of] kljq
hn lknfpg' plrt x'G5 . efujt uLtf Pp6f o:tf] lbJo uLt xf] h;nfO{ ;'Ggsf nflu bL3{ Kof;,
k"0f{ tof/L, >4fn] el/Psf] dg / Åbodf lgTosf] cxf]efj rflxG5 clg dfq k/d uLt ;'Gg /
a'‰g ;lsG5 . o:tf] dgf]efj eP dfq lbJotfn] el/Psf] O{Zj/sf] uLt ;'Gg ;lsG5 . o:tf] :jfbn]
el/Psf] JolQm / Tof] lbJotfn] el/Psf] hn lkpg rfxg] Kof;L ltvf{n' JolQmx¿nfO{ h;n] d]/f]
lbJo uLt ;'gfpF5 pm eGbf Kof/f] d]/f nflu sf]xL x'Fb}g eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 lsgeg] of] ;'g]/
Pp6f ltvf{Psf] JolQm efujt Kof;af6 d'Qm x'g] 5 . Pp6f Åbo km]l/ eujQfn] el/Gf] 5 /
c¿nfO{ tfg{sf nflu To;df 8'Ag] 5, ;'Gg] JolQm lgjf{0fsf nflu tof/ eO{ ;lRrbfgGb3g a|XDfnfO{
hfGg ;kmn x'Gf] 5 .

nf]suLtf– 697
cWofo–!*
h'g JolQmdf eujfg\sf] uLtdf c¿nfO{ klg 8'afpg ;Sg] Ifdtf x'G5, To;eGbf Kof/f]
JolQm eujfg\sf nflu csf]{ sf]xL x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– of] k/d lbJo sfo{ ug]{
eGbf lk|o JolQm k[YjLdf d]/f] c¿ sf]xL klg x'g ;Sb}g . s[i0fsf] uLt ufpFbfufpFb}, efujt
uLtfnfO{ ;'Gbf;'Gb} JolQm s[i0fdo x'g ;S5 t/ 3[0ff, lgGbf / lj/f]wn] el/Psf] lrQ ePdf Tof]
;Dej x'Fb}g . pT;'stf/lxt / ha/h:tL u/]df To:tf] cj:yf k|fKt x'g ;Sb}g t/ d'd'Iffn] el/Psf]
JolQmnfO{ uLtf 1fg afF8\g] JolQm >Ls[i0fsf] cltzo lk|o x'Gf] 5 .
cWo]iot] r o Od+ wDo{+ ;+jfbdfjof]M .
1fgo1]g t]gfxldi6M :ofldlt d] dltM ..&)..
x] ch{'g Û h'g k'?if o; wd{df xfdL b'j}sf] ;+jfb ¿k uLtfzf:q k9\5 cyf{t\ lgTo kf7 u5{
p;åf/f …dÚ 1fg o1af6 k'lhg] 5', o:tf] d]/f] dt 5 ..
>4fjfgg;"oZr ˘f[0f'ofblk of] g/M .
;f]˜lk d'QmM z'efFNnf]sfGk|fKg'ofTk'0osd{0ffd\ ..&!..
h'g dg'io >4fo'Qm / bf]if b[li6/lxt eP/ uLtfsf] >j0f dfq ug]{ 5 pm klg kfkaf6 d'Qm
eP/ k'0o sfo{ ug]{ JolQmx¿sf] >]i7 nf]snfO{ k|fKt ug]{ 5 ..
OlhK6df Pp6f egfO 5– s'g} j:t'nfO{ n'sfpg' 5 eg] Tof] j:t' Tof] JolQmsf] cfFvfcufl8
/flvlbg" . uLtf klg To:t} u|Gy ePsf] 5, of] 3/ 3/df cfFvfcufl8 5 t/ uLtfsf] ;To a'‰g
s;}n] ;s]sf] 5}g . uLtfnfO{ o;sf] lbJo uLt ga'emL wfld{s ;+:sf/ adf]lhd 9f]Ug] / d"n cy{
ga'emL tyfslyt kfl08Tosf b[li6n] dfq x]g]{ ul/Psf] 5 . uLtf¿kL /x:odo 1fg t ;a}sf nflu
;w}+ v'Nnf 5 t/ hf] JolQm leq hfg rfxFb}g To;nfO{ wSsf lbg klg ;lsGg . To;}n] >Ls[i0f h'g
JolQm ;'Gg rfxFb}g p;nfO{ g;'gfpg" lsgeg] ;'Gg grfxg] JolQmnfO{ hah{:tL ;'gfpg' lx+;f / kfk
xf] eGg'x'G5 . To;}n] pxfFn] To:tf JolQmnfO{ g;'gfpg' eGg'ePsf] xf] . s[i0fn] o;f] eGg' klg
s?0ffs} sf/0fn] xf] . uLtf ;'Gg rfxg] / uLtf ;'gfpg] kfqtf /fVg] JolQmsf lar Pp6f lghL
;DaGw x'g'k5{ . >Ls[i0fsf] ;f]r clt pRrtd ePsfn] pxfF eGg'x'G5 h'g JolQm elQmk"j{s ;'Gg
rfxFb}g p;nfO{ klg g;'gfpg" lsgeg] uLtf h:tf] /x:odo cbe't 1fg k|]ddf dfq a'‰g ;lsG5 .
To:t} s;}n] tkk"j{s ;'Gg rfx]df dfq ;'gfpg' cGoyf g;'gfpg' lsgeg] of] hLjg lgvfl/g] s'/f xf]
h;sf nflu clUgaf6 u'lh|g'k5{ . tk:ofsf] dfu{af6 dfq o;nfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 . o:tf] eGg' klg
s[i0fsf] z'4td s?0ffsf] sf/0fn] xf] .
uLtf;Fu ;'/ ldnfpg] / /Dg] JolQmsf nflu uLtf hlxn] klg pkof]uL x'G5 . uLtfsf] uLt
k|f0fdf u'lGhg] / uLtfd} lj>flGt kfpg] JolQmsf nflu uLtf cgGtsfn;Dd cToGt pkof]uL x'G5 .
uLtfdf Hof]ltd{osf] bz{g x'g] JolQmnfO{ d[To'sf] If0fdf klg uLtf ;fy{s x'G5 lsgeg] d[To'sf]
If0fdf hLjgsf] ;f/f lgrf]8 ;ª\u|lxt x'G5 . d[To'sf] If0fdf k|f0fdf hLjge/sf] cg'ej hDdf x'G5
clg KjfFv km}nfP/ gofF ofqfdf lg:sG5 . o:tf] cg'ej Tof] cfpg] hGdsf] cfwf/ aGg] 5 lsgeg]
of] hLjgsf] cflv/L efjbzf csf]{ hGdsf] klxnf] efjbzf x'g] 5 t/ s'g} JolQmsf] uLtf /
>Ls[i0fdf cfTdLotf 5}g eg] To:tf] JolQmsf lglDt uLtfsf] ;fy{stf x'Fb}g .
uLtfdf >Ls[i0f / ch{'gsf lardf cgf}7f] 36gf 36]/ ;+jfb 3l6t ePsf] 5 / b'O{ JolQmx¿
Ps csf{df 8'a]sf 5g\ . >Ls[i0f of] cgf}7f] 36gfnfO{ wd{do eGg'x'G5 . oxL wd{sf] 36gf xf], hxfF
b'O{ r]tgf ck"j{ ¿kdf Ps–csf{df 8'a]sf 5g\, ToxfF s'g} cl:dtf / cxª\sf/sf] 36gf afFsL 5}g /
k[ys\ ePsf] efg klg x'Fb}g . of] cj:yf yf]kf ;fu/df 8'a] h:tf] / ;l/tf ;fu/df bf}l8Psf] h:tf]

nf]suLtf– 698
 cWofo–!*
x'G5 . To;}n] >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– x] ch{'g Û h'g k'?if o; wd{df xfdL b'O{sf larsf] ;+jfb¿kL uLtf
k9\g] 5 cyf{t\ lgTo kf7 ug]{ 5, p;åf/f …dÚ 1fgo1af6 k'lhg] 5' . oxfF lgTo kf7 eg]sf] lstfa
k9]sf] h:tf] xf]Og . lgTo kf7 lxGb"x¿åf/f ljsl;t ePsf] Joj:yf xf] . lstfa Ps k6s k9] k'U5
t/ kf7 eg]sf] s/f]8f}F k6s / hLjge/ k9\g'nfO{ elgG5 . wd{sf] jrg k6s k6s k9]/ hfGg
;lsFb}g lsgeg] To;sf] kq–kqdf ulx/f] cy{ x'G5 . hlt ulx/f] kf7df plqG5f}F, Tolt g} gofF cy{
1ft eP/ åf/ v'Ng yfN5 .
To:t} uLtfnfO{ hlt k6s k9\of], Tolt g} gofF cy{ lgl:sG5 . wd{sf] k|To]s zAb ax'cfofdL
x'G5 . xfd|f] hlt k|1f ljsl;t x'G5 Tolt g} w]/} cy{sf] cleJo~hgf x'g yfN5 . s[i0fsf] l7s cy{
hfGbfhfGb} JolQm s[i0f g} x'G5 / To;kl5 uLtf / s[i0fnfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 . uLtfsf] kf7 ;'? ubf{
ch{'gnfO{ ;De]m/ k9\g ;'? u5f}{+ t/ uLtf k"/f x'Fbf >Ls[i0f dfq x'g'x'G5 eGg] cg'ej x'G5 . s}og\
k6s k9]kl5 of] kf] cy{ /x]5 eGg] yfxf x'G5 / k'gM k9\bf k'gM gofF cy{ e]l6G5 . lrQ zfGt / df}g
ePkl5 uLtfsf] cy{ a'‰g yflnG5 / Åbodf gofF cª\s'/0f x'g yfN5 . ljleGg efjbzfdf kf7 ubf{
uLtfsf] gofF gofF cy{ kfpg ;lsG5 .
wd{u|Gy k9]/ hfGg ;lsGg, kf7af6 dfq k9\g ;lsG5 . t;y{ x/]s k':tssf] kf7 ul/Fb}g
s]jn wd{u|Gy dfq kf7 ul/G5 . hlt o;leq uof], Tolt g} gofF /x:o v'Ng yfN5, h;sf] s'g}
cGt g} x'Fb}g . wd{u|Gy ta;Dd k9\g'k5{, ha;Dd clGtd cy{ hflgFb}g . uLtfnfO{ s[i0fsf] k"/f
cg'ej gx'Gh]n;Dd k9\g'k5{ lsgeg] hlt kf7 u¥of] k|To]s kqaf6 gofF cy{ / /x:o hfGg ;lsG5
/ cGtdf leqsf] z"Go k|s6 x'g ;S5 . >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– lgTo kf7åf/f …dÚ o1sf] 1fgn] k'lhg] 5',
o:tf] d]/f] dt 5 . o:tf JolQmnfO{ c¿ s'g} o1 ug]{ cfjZostf g} x'Fb}g / lgTo kf7 ug{' g}
1fgo1 u/]t'No x'G5 . hlt k6s uLtfsf zAbx¿nfO{ >4f, wd{ / cf:yfn] kl9G5 Tolt g} k6s
p;sf] 1fgo1 x'G5 . hlt elQmn] Tof] kf7 ul/G5 Tolt g} p;leq 1fgdo uLtsf] k|fb'ef{j x'G5 .
hlt k6s uLtf p;n] k9\5, Tolt g} pm o; 1fg o1df dUg x'Fb} hfG5 .
hf] k'?if >4fo'Qm / bf]if b[li6/lxt uLtfnfO{ >j0f dfq u5{, p;n] klg kfkaf6 d'Qm eP/
k'0osd{ ug]{x¿sf] >]i7 nf]snfO{ k|fKt ug]{ 5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . h'g JolQm ljZjf;n] xf]Og
>4fo'Qm k|Llt efj / cgGo efjn] zª\sf/lxt, bf]if/lxt / lgGbf/lxt eP/ uLtfsf] >j0f u5{, pm
kfkaf6 k"0f{ d'Qm x'G5 . o; hut\\df k|foM ;a} c¿sf] bf]if vf]Hg rfxG5g\ . bf]if b]Vg]n] u'nfkmsf]
km"nsf] jl/kl/ sfF8f dfq b]V5 . sfF8f b]Vg] gsf/fTds k|j[lQn] p;s} xflg x'G5 lsgeg] To;leq
n's]sf] k/dfTdfsf] ;'Gb/tf b]Vgaf6 pm jl~rt x'G5 . bf]ifb[li6/lxt >4fjfg\ JolQm km"nsf] /;
lnP/ eoeLt / ;lGbUw x'Fb}g, pm ;b}j cf:yfn] el/Psf] x'G5 . o:tf] JolQm dfq uLtfsf] >j0fn]
kf/ x'G5 / k'0o ug]{x¿;/x >]i7 nf]snfO{ k|fKt x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf >j0f dfq sfkmL x'G5 /
JolQm ;'g]/ dfq kf/ x'G5 .
a'4n] klg ;Dos\ >j0f / s[i0fd"lt{n] oyf]lrt l;sfO -Right Listening_ nfO{ 7'nf] hf]8
lbg'ePsf] 5 . dxfjL/n] t d]/f] Pp6f 3f6 >fjssf] xf] eGg' ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] h;n] plrt
tl/sfn] ;'Gof], pm ;To / k/dsf] ofqfdf cl3 a9\g] 5 / kf/ x'g] 5 eGg' ePsf] 5 . t/ plrt
>j0f sl7gfOk"j{s dfq 36\g ;S5 lsgeg] ToxfF xhf/ afwfx¿ h:tf] ls cfnf]rssf] b[li6, bf]if
b]Vg] efj, lgGbfsf] /; / ;j{q sfF8fsf] pkl:ylt x'G5 . bf]if b]Vg] b[li6 ePsf] JolQmn] hxfF klg
bf]if g} kfpF5 . xfd|f] b[li6 g} cGttM xfd|f] hLjg xf] . h;n] >4f / k|]dn] bf]if b[li6/lxt
cxf]efjk"j{s ;Tosf] ceLK;fn] uLtfsf] >j0f u5{ To:tf] JolQm d'Qm x'G5 eg]/ >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5

nf]suLtf– 699
cWofo–!*
t/ uLtfsf] >j0f u/] dfq d'Qm eOG5 eGg] e|d klg o; jQmJoaf6 ePsf] 5 . To:tf] JolQmn]
s[i0fsf] ;t{ a'‰g'k5{ . pxfF eGg'x'G5– h'g JolQm >4f, k|]d / cxf]efjn], bf]if b[li6/lxt hfu?s
r}tGo eP/, ;Tosf] ceLK;fn] uLtfsf] >j0f u5{ eg] dfq pm kfkaf6 d'Qm eP/ kf/ x'G5 .
slRrb]tR5«'|t+ kfy{ Tjo}sfu|]0f r]t;f .
slRrb1fg;Ddf]xM k|gi6:t] wg~ho ..&@..
uLtfsf] dfxfTDo eg]/ eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ ;f]Wg'eof]– x] kfy{ Û s] oL d]/f jrgx¿
ltdLn] Psfu| lrQn] >j0f u¥of} < / x] wg~ho Û s] ltd|f] c1fgaf6 pTkGg ePsf] df]x gi6 eof] <
ch{'g pjr
gi6f] df]xM :d[ltn{Awf TjTk|;fbfGdofRo't .
l:ytf]˜l:d ut;Gb]xM sl/io] jrg+ tj ..&#..
o;k|sf/ eujfg\n] ;f]w]kl5 ch{'gn] eg]– x] cRo't Û xh'/sf] s[kfn] d]/f] df]x gi6 eof] /
dnfO{ :d[lt k|fKt eof] . To;}n] d ;+b]x/lxt eP/ l:yt 5' / xh'/sf] cf1fsf] kfngf u5{' ..
uLtfsf k|To]s cWofosf] cGtdf of]uzf:q elgG5 lsgeg] h;n] k/dfTdf, ;To / :jod\;Fu
hf]8\5 Tof] g} of]uzf:q xf] . ;a} zf:q of]uzf:q x'g\ lsgeg] k/dfTdf;Fu ghf]8\g] zf:qnfO{ zf:q
eGg'sf] s'g} cy{ x'Fb}g . of]usf] ljk/Lt kl/efiff klg 5 . e/y/Ln] eg]sf 5g\– of]uf ljof]uf cyf{t\
of]u Tof] xf] h;af6 ljof]u x'G5 . h;n] ;+;f/ / z/L/;Fu ljof]u u/fpF5 Tof] of]u xf] . of]u b'O{
wf/ ePsf] t/jf/ xf], h;n] Psflt/af6 ljof]u u/fpF5 / csf{lt/af6 hf]8\5 . ;+;f/af6 5'6fpF5 /
:jod\;Fu hf]8\5, c;To;Fu 5'6fpF5 / ;To;Fu hf]8\5, c1fgaf6 5'6fP/ 1fg;Fu hf]8\5 . ljof]u
gu/fO{ hf]8\g] ;Defjgf g} x'Fb}g .
ch{'g df]xn] el/Psf 5g\ . ;+;f/df hf]l8P/ /xg' g} df]x xf] . df]xaf6 cf;lQm / ddTjsf]
ofqf x'G5 . df]xs} sf/0f ch{'g o'4e"lddf cfkmGtnfO{ b]v]/ pgLx¿nfO{ df/]/ kfpg] l;+xf;gsf] s'g}
cy{ g/x]sf] eGb} 5g\ . em6\6 x]bf{ ch{'g nf]eeGbf dfly p7]h:tf] b]lvG5 t/ df]x /x'Gh]n nf]e 5'6\g
;Sb}g lsgeg] nf]esf] j[If df]xsf] h/fdf plePsf] x'G5 . df]xs} sf/0f ch{'gn] o'4df lx+;f
b]lv/x]sf 5g\ . cfkmGt;Fu ch{'gsf] ddTj efj klg df]xsf sf/0fn] g} ePsf] xf] . ch{'gdf nf]e
jf:tjd} ;dfKt ePsf] eP df]xsf] h8 klg afFsL x'Fb}gYof] . To;}n] ch{'gsf] nf]esf] kft dfq sf6]/
s]xL gx'g] x'gfn] h/f g} sf6\g'kg]{ cj:yf >Ls[i0fn] b]Vg'ePsf] xf] . s[i0f ch{'gsf] df]x 5'6fpg] r]i6f
ub}{ x'g'x'G5 . k"/f uLtf ch{'gsf] df]xaf6 ljof]u u/fpg] k|of; xf] . df]xn] :jod\sf cltl/Qm
cGo;Fu hf]8\5 . h'g lbg df]x ;dfKt eP/ hLjgdf >4f cfpF5, ta xfdL :jod\;Fu / ;To;Fu
hf]l8g] 5fF} . >4fn] g} k/dfTdf;Fu hf]8\5 . df]x cxª\sf/sf] lj:tf/ xf] / >4f ;dk{0fsf] lj:tf/
xf] . of]uzf:qn] cg'lrt;Fu 5'6\6\ofP/ plrt;Fu hf]8\g] sfd ug]{ x'gfn] uLtfsf k|To]s cWofonfO{
of]uzf:q elgPsf] xf] .
j]bfGtsf tLg r/0fx¿ ;Dos\ >j0f, dgg / lglbWof;g x'g\ . ;Dos\ >j0faf6 olb s;}n]
kl/k"0f{ ;du| lrQn] ;'g] To;}af6 ;Daf]wL 3l6t x'g ;S5 . ;Toaf6 xfdL 5'6]sf 5}gf}F, lj:d[t dfq
ePsf 5f}“ lsgeg] ;To xfd|f] lghtf / :jefj xf] . To:t} k/dfTdfnfO{ xfdL e'Ng ;S5f}“ t/ x/fpg
;Sb}gf+} lsgeg] k/dfTdf xfd|f] lghtf / :jefj xf] . ;Dos\ >j0faf6 ;TonfO{ hfGg ;lsG5 .
pklgifb\n] ToxL eG5– ætŒjdl; Zj]ts]t'Æ ltdL ToxL Zj]ts]t' xf} . Zj]ts]t' ;a} 1fg xfl;n u/]/
3/ kmls{Pkl5 pgsf lktf pb\bfnsn] ;a} hfg] klg Tof] PsnfO{ ghfgLsg hfGg'sf] s'g} pknlAw
x'Fb}g eg]/ Tof] Pssf af/]df Zj]ts]t'nfO{ atfpg yfn] . pb\bfnsn] j[Ifsf] Pp6f kmn NofP/ sf6\g

nf]suLtf– 700
 cWofo–!*
nufP / To; leq el/Psf lapx¿dWo] Pp6f lap lems]/ ;f]w]– Pp6f lapsf] u]8faf6 oqf] j[If
s;/L x'g ;S5 . Zj]ts]t'n] Tof] lap /f]k]kl5 To;af6 j[If x'G5 eg], pb\bfnsn] To;f] eP Tof]
lapsf] u]8fdf ;"Id j[If n's]sf] x'g'k5{ eg]/ lap klg sf6\g nufP . t/ ToxfF vfnL z"Go dfq
lyof] . To;kl5 pgn] eg]– h] xfdL b]Vb}gf}F / hf] cb[Zo 5 ToxL z"Go / cb[Zoaf6 dxfj[If pTkGg
x'G5 . To:t} xfdL klg z"Goaf6 cyf{t\ cb[Zoaf6 cfPsf xf}F . Zj]ts]t'n] d klg o;/L g}
dxfz"Goaf6 cfPsf] x'F < eg]/ ;f]w]kl5 o; k|Zgsf] pQ/:j¿k pklgifb\sf] dxfjrg ætŒjdl;
Zj]ts]t'Æ cyf{t\ xf] Zj]ts]t' Û ltdL klg ToxLFaf6 cfPsf xf} / ltdL klg ToxL xf} elgPsf] xf] . of]
cd[t jrg ;'g]/ Zj]ts]t'nfO{ >j0faf6 g} 1fg pknAw eof] .
j]bfGtn] >j0f, dgg / lglbWof;g eg]sf] 5 . klxn] ;'g clg ;f]r / To;kl5 s]xL u/ . oL
tLg ;"q ljgf xfd|f] >j0f k"/f x'Fb}g . Åbosf] åf/ aGb 5 / lrQ r~rn 5 eg] ;'Gg ;lsGg .
;'Ggsf nflu t l:y/ lrQ / k|1f rflxG5 . >j0f sfg;Dd xf]Og Åbo;Dd k'Ug'k5{ . To;}n]
j]bfGtn] >j0faf6 s]xL JolQmx¿ dfq pknAw x'g ;S5g\ eGb5 . w]/} JolQmdf >j0faf6 pknAw
x'g] kfqtf gx'Fbf ;'g]sf] s'/f ;f]Rg', dgg ug{' / :jfWofo ug{'k5{ / o;f] u/]df dfq Åbo;Dd k'Ug
;lsG5 . dggsf] cy{ k'g?lQm ug{' / ToxL s'/f af/Daf/ ;f]Rg' xf] . >j0faf6 36gf 36\g g;s]df
dggaf6 36\g ;S5 . >j0fsf ;fy} clwsf+z JolQmx¿nfO{ dggsf] rf]6 klg cfjZos x'G5 . oL
b'j}af6 kf/ x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf lglbWof;gsf] cfjZostf kb{5 hxfF ;'g]/ / ;f]r]sf] s'/fnfO{
;fwgf u/]/ kf/ x'g ;lsG5 . tGdotfaf6 k"0f{ r]tgfn] c¿ s]xL g;f]rL s]jn ;'g]df ;Dos\
>j0faf6 kf/ x'g ;lsG5 . >j0faf6 kf/ x'g g;s]df dggaf6 / o;af6 klg kf/ x'g g;s]sf
JolQmnfO{ ;fwgfsf] cfjZostf x'G5 . ;'g]/ kf/ ePdf z'4 r]tgf 3l6t x'G5 . ;'g]/ ePg eg]
dgsf] ;xof]u cfjZos x'G5 / olb dggaf6 klg ePg eg] z/L/sf] ;fwgfsf] cfjZostf x'G5 .
ha r]tgf, dg / z/L/ ;+nUg x'G5 ta ;fwgf x'G5 . ha r]tgf / dg dfq ;+nUg x'G5, ta dgg
x'G5 / ha r]tgf dfq z'4 ;'Gb5, ta ;Dos\ >j0f x'G5 .
>Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5– olb ltdL …dÚ sxfF cfpg rfxG5f} eg] ;+;f/sf] cfsif{0fdf g} dnfO{
vf]Hg'k5{ lsgeg] d ;+;f/df klg x'G5' . dxfjL/sf] dfu{df c:jfbsf] j|t ug{'k5{ / ef]hgdf :jfb
klg glnO{ cfjZostfsf nflu dfq ef]hg ug{'k5{ t/ s[i0fsf] egfOdf ef]hg ubf{ olt ulx/fOdf
:jfb lng'k5{, ls ef]hgsf] :jfbd} a|Xdsf] :jfb kfpg ;lsof];\ / cGg a|Xd xf];\ . :jfbsf]
ulx/fOdf plqP/ dxf:jfb lng' g} cGgdf a|XDfnfO{ hfGg' xf] . >Ls[i0fsf] dfu{ c¿x¿sf] dfu{eGbf
w]/} pTs[i6 / k"0f{ 5 . Wofgk"j{s x]/]df of] ;f/f hut\\sf] km}nfj6df k/dfTdf 5 / ;+;f/ g} k/dfTdf
xf] . cem tGdotfsf ;fy x]/]df ;+;f/ z]if g} /xFb}g / h] z]if /xG5, Tof] g} k/dfTdf xf] . o:tf]
b[li6df ;+;f/ ljnLg eP/ k/dfTdf k|s6 x'G5 . hLjgsf] cfsif{0faf6 x6]/ xf]Og o;nfO{ klg
k/dfTdfs} cfsif{0f dfg]/ ;dlk{t x'g >Ls[i0f eGg'x'G5 . To;}n] ch{'gnfO{ o'4af6 efUg lbg'x'Gg /
sxLF efUg h?/L 5}g s]jn c1fg dfq 5f]8 eGg'x'G5 . 1fgaf6 x]/]sf] ;+;f/ g} k/dfTdf xf] .
;+;f/af6 gefuL ;+;f/af6 g} k/dfTdf;Dd k'Ug ;lsg] dfu{ >Ls[i0fn] atfpg'ePsf] xf] .
ch{'gsf] r]tgf s[i0fdo x'g] b]v]/ uLtf ;dfKt x'g'cl3 g} >Ls[i0f pgnfO{ uLtf dfxfTDo
eGg' ePsf] xf] . ch{'g lg;+Zfo cj:yfdf k'Ug nfu]sf] / c1fgn] el/Psf] df]x gi6 x'g nfu]sf] s'/f
s[i0fnfO{ ch{'geGbf klxn] 1ft eof] h'g :jfefljs xf] . ;fy} s[i0fn] eGg'ePsf jrgx¿ ca ch{'g
klg c¿;dIf atfpg of]Uo 5g\ eGg] yfxf kfP/} of] uLtf s;nfO{ eGg" / s;nfO{ geGg" eg]/
atfpg cfjZos 7fGg'eof] . ch{'gdf uLtf¿kL km"n km'Ng nfu]sf] b]v]/ g} >Ls[i0fn] pgnfO{

nf]suLtf– 701
cWofo–!*
dfxfTDo eGg'ePsf] xf] . lziodf 1fgsf] 36gf 3l6t ePsf] u'?nfO{ klxn] g} yfxf x'G5 . ch{'gdf
klg o:t} 1fg¿kL 36gf 3l6t x'g nfu]sf] s'/f pgLeGbf cl3 >Ls[i0fnfO{ yfxf kfP/ g} pxfFn]
ch{'gnfO{ dfxfTDo eGg'ePsf] xf] .
uLtfsf] dfxfTDo eg]kl5 eujfg\ >Ls[i0fn] ch{'gnfO{ ;f]Wg'eof]– x] kfy{ Û s] d]/f] jrg
ltdLn] Psfu| lrQn] >j0f u¥of} < x] wg~ho Û s] ltd|f] c1fgaf6 pTkGg ePsf] df]x ;dfKt
eof] < o;k|sf/ s[i0fn] k|Zg u/]kl5 ch{'gn] eg] x] cRo't Û xh'/sf] s[kfn] d]/f] df]x gi6 eof] /
dnfO{ :d[lt k|fKt eof] . To;}n] d ;+zo/lxt eP/ l:yt 5' / xh'/sf] cf1fsf] kfng ub{5' . s[i0fn]
ch{'gsf] cj:yf hflg;Sg'ePsf] 5 . ch{'gn] Psfu| lrQ eP/ pxfFnfO{ ;'g]sf] / pgsf] df]x gi6
ePsf] a'em]/ klg s[i0fn] cf}krfl/s k|Zg dfq ug{'ePsf] xf], cGoyf eujfg\n] dfxfTDo eGg' g} x'g]
lyPg . ch{'gdf 3l6t ePsf 1fgsf 36gfsf] hfgsf/L eP klg ch{'gs} d'vaf6 ;'Gg] rfxgfn]
>Ls[i0fn] k|Zg ug{'ePsf] xf] . >Ls[i0f ;f]Wg'x'G5– s] ltdLdf ca af]w hfUof] < ltd|f] lrQsf]
ljrlnt bzf ca sxfF 5 < c1fgaf6 pTkGg ePsf] df]x s] ;dfKt eof] / s] ltdLn] 1fg k|fKt
u/L hfu[t eP/ s]jn Tof] c1fg dfq lyof] eGg] b]Vg ;dy{ eof} <
eujfg\n] o:tf k|Zg ;f]w]kl5 ch{'gn] eg]– xh'/sf] s[kfn] d]/f] df]x gi6 eof] / d]/f] :d[lt
k|fKt eP/ d l:yt ePsf] 5' . To;}n] ca ;+b]x/lxt eP/ xh'/sf] cf1fsf] kfng u5'{ . ;f/f uLtfdf
s[i0fsf] r]i6f ch{'gsf] oxL pQ/ ;'Gg / hfGgsf nflu lyof] . Tof] aNn ca cfP/ ;fsf/ ePsf]
5 . ch{'gsf] efUg] k|of; / pgsf lh1f;fx¿nfO{ >Ls[i0fn] ljleGg dfu{åf/f ;DemfP/ pgnfO{ o;
cj:yfdf k'¥ofpg'ePsf] xf] . aNn ch{'gn] ;+zo/lxt eP/ l:yt ePsf] 5' egL :jLsf/ u/] . ch{'g
eG5g\– x] cRo't Û cRo'tsf] cy{ slxNo} Ro't x'g g;Sg] JolQm eGg] xf] . ch{'gn] s[i0fnfO{ w]/}
8udufpg k|of; u/] t/ c;kmn /x] . ch{'gn] ;+zon] el/Psf cg]s k|Zg u/]/ af/Daf/ cfˆgf]
c1fg k|blz{t u/] klg >Ls[i0f g l/;fpg'eof], g yfSg'eof] / af/Daf/ s?0ff / cg'sDkfk"j{s
;DemfO/xg'eof] . t;y{ ch{'g x] cRo't Û eg]/ s[i0fnfO{ ;Daf]wg u5{g\ .
ch{'g ;f]em} d]/f] df]x gi6 eof] gegL xh'/sf] s[kfn] d]/f] df]x gi6 eof] eG5g\ . olb d]/f]
df]x gi6 eof] eg]sf] eP ToxfF cem} cxª\sf/ z]if /xGYof] . ch{'gsf] cfˆgf] k|of;af6 geO{
>Ls[i0fsf] s[kfn] g} df]x gi6 ePsf] xf] . To;}n] ch{'g cg'u|lxt eP/ ljgd|tfk"j{s ;dlk{t efjn]
>Ls[i0fnfO{ xh'/sf] s[kf¿kL k|;fbn] d]/f] df]x gi6 eof] eG5g\ . …dÚ efjsf] ljgfz k|e'sf] k|;fbaf6
dfq ;Dej x'G5 . cxª\sf/ ;a}eGbf 7'nf] /f]uu|:t cj:yf xf] . o;af6 ;a}h;f] JolQm u|l;t
x'G5g\ . ;fwf/0f JolQmsf] cxª\sf/ c1fgaf6 x'G5 / ;fw'–;Gtsf] cxª\sf/ h;nfO{ kljq cxª\sf/
elgG5 Tof] cem} vt/gfs x'G5 . ch{'gn] xh'/sf] s[kfn] d]/f] df]x gi6 eof] eg]kl5 dnfO{ d]/f]
:d[lt k|fKt eof] eG5g\ . :d[lt t ;b}j cfkm};Fu x'G5, of] gofF s'/f k|fKt u/]sf] klg xf]Og s]jn
lj:d[t ePsf] :d[lt k'gM k|fKt ePsf] dfq xf] . xh'/sf] k|;fbaf6 d]/f] :d[lt k'gM pknAw eof] / ca
d}n] cfˆgf] cl:tTjnfO{ hfg]F . To;}n] eujg\ Û d ca ;+zo/lxt eP/ l:yt ePsf] 5' . ha
JolQmsf] lj:d[lt gi6 x'G5, ta ;+zo klg :jtM ;dfKt x'G5 . ch{'g eG5g\– d}n] lbof]sf] k|sfzsf
;xfotfn] cFWof/f]af6 pHofnf]tkm{ ofqf ug]{lalQs} d]/f] lj:d[t :d[ltnfO{ lkmtf{ kfPF / ca d
sDkgljgfsf] cj:yfdf l:yt 5' .
uLtfsf] nIo g} k|1fsf] cj:yf l:yt u/fpg' xf] . xfjfsf] t/Ën] aQLnfO{ slDkt ug{ g;sL
lgisDk cj:yfdf /x]h:t} ch{'g oxL cj:yfdf k'Ug ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . ch{'g eG5g\– ca xh'/sf]
cf1fsf] k|tLIffdf 5' . ch{'gn] :jod\sf] :d[lt lkmtf{ kfPkl5 pgsf] c1fg¿kL df]x ;dfKt ePsf] 5
/ ca pgL eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf] cf1fkfng ug{ tof/ 5g\ . ca aNn s[i0f ;vf, ldq, z'e]R5' dfq

nf]suLtf– 702
 cWofo–!*
geP/ ;b\u'? / k/da|XDf x'g'ePsf] 5 / ch{'gn] s[i0fsf] dlxdf hflg;s]sf 5g\ . lzio u'?sf] cf1f
kfng ug{ tof/ ePkl5 ;dk{0f kmlnt x'G5 . ch{'g ;dk{0fsf lglDt tof/ eP lsgeg] pgn]
>Ls[i0fnfO{ k/dfTdfsf] ¿kdf hfg], To;}n] ;dk{0f ug{ ;dy{ eP .
;~ho pjfr
OTox+ jf;'b]j:o kfy{:o r dxfTdgM .
;+jfblddd>f}ifdb\e't+ /f]dxif{0fd\ ..&$..
To;kl5 ;~hon] eg]– x] /fhg\ Û o;k|sf/ d}n] >L jf;'b]jsf] / dxfTdf ch{'gsf] of] cb\e't
/x:oo'Qm / /f]df~rs ;+jfb ;'g] ..
Jof;k|;fbfR5«|'tjfg]tb\u'Xodx+ k/d\ .
of]u+ of]u]Zj/fTs[i0ffT;fIffTsyotM :jod\ ..&%..
dxlif{ Jof;sf s[kfn] k|fKt lbJo b[li6åf/f d}n] of] k/d /x:oo'Qm uf]kgLo of]ulrGtg
ch{'gnfO{ :jod\ of]u]Zj/ >Ls[i0f eujfg\n] eg]sf] k|ToIf ;'g]“ ..
/fhG;+:d[To ;+:d[To ;+jfbldddb\e'td\ .
s]zjfh{'gof]M k'0o+ Åiofld r d'x'd{'x'M ..&^..
o;sf/0f x] /fhg\ Û >Ls[i0f eujfg\ / ch{'gsf] of] /x:oo'Qm sNof0fsf/s / cb\e"t
;+jfbnfO{ k'gM k'gM :d/0f u/]/ d af/Daf/ xlif{t eO/x]sf] 5' ..
tRr ;+:d[To ;+:d[To ¿kdTob\e't+ x/]M .
lj:dof] d] dxfG/fhGÅiofld r k'gM k'gM ..&&..
x] /fhg\ Û >Lxl/sf] Tof] cb\e't / ljnIf0f ¿knfO{ klg d k'gM k'gM :d/0f u5{' / d]/f] lrQ
dxfg\ cfZro{o'Qm aG5 / d af/Daf/ xlif{t eO/x]sf] 5' ..
oq of]u]Zj/M s[i0ff] oq kfyf]{ wg'w{/M .
tq >Llj{hof] e"ltw|{'jf gLltd{ltd{d ..&*..
x] /fhg\ Û ljz]if s] eg"F hxfF of]u]Zj/ >Ls[i0f eujfg\ x'g'x'G5 / hxfF uf08jwf/L ch{'g
x'g'x'G5 ToxLF >L, ljho, lje"lt / crn gLlt x'G5 . o:tf] d]/f] dt 5 ..
;~ho h:tf] hLjGt k|f0fjfg\ JolQmnfO{ ;'g]/ klg åf/ v'Ng ;S5 . >Ls[i0fn] ;~honfO{
pkb]z lbg'ePsf] xf]Og / pgL ;a} 36gfsf k|ToIfbzL{ dfq x'g\ . ;~hon] 3[t/fi6«nfO{ 6f9f a;]/
k|ToIf b]v]sf] 36gf dfq eg]sf x'g\ t/ ;Tosf] dlxdf ;'g]/ ;~hosf] Åbodf klg 36gf 36\g
yfNof] . ;~ho eGb5g\– x] /fhg\ Û eujfg\ jf;'b]j / dxfTdf ch{'gsf] of] cb\e't, /x:oo'Qm /
/f]df~rsf/s ;+jfb ;'Gg kfpg' d]/f] cxf]efUo xf] . /f]df~rn] el/Psf] ;+jfbaf6 cfk"l/t eP/ d}n]
klg cs}{ cg'ej ug{ yfn]F . ;~hon] ch{'gsf] ;'?sf] cj:yfb]lv cGt;Ddsf] ofqf k|ToIf b]Vg] /
;'Gg] ;f}efUo kfPsf 5g\ . ch{'gsf] ljiffb, cxª\sf/, df]x / ;+zosf] cj:yfnfO{ pgn] ;'?af6 g}
b]v]sf 5g\ . ch{'gsf] df]x tf]8\g] >Ls[i0fsf] cxlg{z k|of;sf] / cGtdf c1fg ;dfKt eP/
;+zo/lxt eO{ :d[lt kms]{sf] cj:yfsf] klg ;~ho k|ToIfbzL{ 5g\ . ch{'gdf cGtlg{lxt Iflqosf]
cxª\sf/ a|fXd0fsf] ljgd|tf ag]/ ;dlk{t / z/0ffut ePsf] / gofF hGd ePsf] ;fIfL klg ;~ho
ag]sf 5g\ . To;}n] Iflqosf] cxª\sf/ ePsf] ch{'gsf] ;dk{0f efjaf6 pgL dxfTdf aGg k'u]sf]
x'gfn] g} ;~ho ch{'gnfO{ dxfTdf eg]/ ;Daf]wg ub{5g\ .
;~ho k'gM eG5g\– Jof;hLsf] s[kfn] k|fKt lbJo b[li6åf/f d}n] of] k/d /x:odo uf]kgLo
of]unfO{ ;fIfft\ of]u]Zj/ >Ls[i0f eujfg\n] eg]sf] ;'Gg / b]Vg kfPF . ;fy} ch{'gsf] df]x gi6 ug{
>Ls[i0fåf/f elgPsf] k/d /x:odo uf]kgLo of]u1fg ;'Gg kfpg] cj;/ k|fKt eof] . ;TonfO{

nf]suLtf– 703
cWofo–!*
k|sflzt ug]{ eujfg\sf] jf0fL ;'Gg kfPsf]df ;~ho s[ts[To ePsf 5g\ . ;~hon] Tof] ck"j{ /
sNof0fsf/s 36gf b]Vg] / ;'Gg] z'e cj;/ k|fKt u/]sf]df pgL cfZro{rlst dfq xf]Og xif{n] klg
ljXjn ePsf 5g\ . o:tf] cb\e't ;+jfbsf] :d/0fn] dfq klg pgdf /f]df~r pTkGg ePsf] 5 .
cxª\sf/ lj;h{g eP/ ljiffbsf] d[tk|foM cj:yfaf6 k'gM cfgGb;lxt ch{'gsf] k'gh{Gd ePsf]
c;fwf/0f 36gf :d/0f ub}{ af/Daf/ ;~ho xif{ JoQm u5{g\ . To:t} >Lxl/ >Ls[i0fsf] Tof] cnf}lss
/ cb\e't Hof]ltd{o ¿ksf] j0f{g ug{ pgL c;dy{ 5g\ . o;sf lglDt zAbx¿ g} sd ePsf] pgnfO{
k|tLt ePsf] 5 . eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf] ch{'gk|ltsf] s?0ff / ch{'gsf] c1fg¿kL df]xsf] ;dflKt klg
pgsf nflu j0f{gaflx/ 5 . t;y{ s]jn xlif{t 5' dfq eG5g\ . pgsf] zAbsf]zdf ca s'g} zAb g}
z]if 5}g . ;Tosf] j0f{g zAbaf6 ug{ klg c;Dej x'G5 .
;~ho eG5g\– x] /fhg\ Û ljz]if s] eg"F, hxfF of]u]Zj/ >Ls[i0f eujfg\ / uf08Lawf/L ch{'g
x'g'x'G5 ToxLF >L …ljhoÚ lje"lt / crn gLlt 5 . o:tf] d]/f] dt xf] . ;~ho w[t/fi6«nfO{ eG5g\–
o'4df xh'/sf 5f]/f klg ;+nUg ePsfn] pgsf] g} lht xf];\ eGg] x/]s lktfsf] cfzf x'G5 t/ hxfF
eujfg\ >Ls[i0f / uf08Lawf/L ch{'g x'g'x'G5 ToxLF ljho lglZrt 5, ToxL gLlt klg crn 5 Pjd\
ToxLF >L / lje"lt klg 5 . hxfF eujfg\ >Ls[i0f x'g'x'G5, ToxLF crn gLlt, ;To, >L, ;Dkbf /
ljho x'G5 lsgeg] lht slxNo} c;Tosf] x'Fb}g . ;~hon] >j0fkZrft\sf] w[t/fi6«sf] dgl:ylt
a'em]/ cGtdf o:tf] d]/f] dt 5 eGg] jfSo k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . pgL ;]js x'g\ / of] dof{bf klg pgn]
eª\u ug{ gvf]h]sf] dfq xf] .
ljiffbaf6 ;''? ePsf] uLtf ;Tosf] ljhodf k"/f ePsf] 5 . xfdL klg k|foMh;f] ;a} ljiffbdf
g} 5f}+≤ To;}n] uLtfsf] of] ;Tosf] ofqf xfdL ;a}sf lglDt pkof]uL 5 . ch{'gnfO{ 36]sf] 1fgsf]
36gf xfdLdf klg 36\g ;S5 . ch{'g hltsf] afwf / ljiffb xfdLnfO{ 5}g . ;Gb]xsf] kxf8sf] tn
/x]/ klg ch{'g >Ls[i0f;Fusf] ;fy g5f]8L, k|ltk|Zg gu/L / ;Tosf] vf]hL g5f]8]sfn] g} clGtd
uGtJo k|fKt ug{ ;kmn eP . k/dfTdf k|To]s JolQmsf] hGdl;4 ;Defjgf xf] . uLtfsf] jrgn]
xfdLnfO{ k|efljt ug{ ;Sof] eg] xfdL klg ch{'g x'g ;S5f}F . ;+;f/df kfpg] ;'vsf] s'g} ;f/ 5}g
t/ k/dfTdf kfpg] lbzfdf cfpg] b'v klg ;f}efUo xf] . xfd|f] cys Pjd\ lg/Gt/ k|of; / vf]haf6
k/dfTdfnfO{ kfpg ;S5f}F / of] klg cfˆgf] kfqtf / k/dfTdfsf] s[kfaf6 dfq ;Dej 5 .
uLtfsf] 1fg oL c7f/ cWofodf ;dfKt eof] t/ xfd|f] ofqf k|f/De ePsf] 5 . xfdLn]
xf];k"0f{ Jojxf/ u/]df :jod\sf] :d/0f eP/ xfd|f] k|1f klg l:y/ x'g] 5 . To;} ;do o; hut\sf
;f/f /x:ox¿ v'Ng] 5g\, h;sf] :d/0f u/]/ g} xfdL cfglGbt x'g] 5f}F . ha;Dd cfˆgf] :d/0f
cfpFb}g, ta;Dd dxfcGwsf/ / b'v x'G5 / ha :d/0f cfpF5 clg /flq, cGwsf/, c1fg, df]x /
cxª\sf/ ;a} ;dfKt eP/ ToxL Ps lbJo Hof]lt z]if /xG5 . ToxL lbJo Hof]lt eujfg\ >Ls[i0f
x'g'x'G5 . eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf] lbJo s[kf xfdL ;a}df al;{/xf];\ . xl/ ç tT;t\ Û
ç tT;lblt >Ld∫ujb\uLtf;"klgifT;' a|XdljBfof+ of]uzf:q]
>Ls[i0ffh{'g;+jfb] df]If;GGof;of]uf] gfd
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nf]suLtf– 704
 cWofo–!*

nf]suLtf– 705
cWofo–!*

nf]suLtf– 706
 cWofo–!*

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nf]suLtf– 707
cWofo–!*

nf]suLtf– 708