Storage size

1 bit

1 nibble

1 byte

1 KB (Kilobyte)

1 MB (Megabyte)

1GB (Gigabyte)

1 TB (Terabyte)

Class Activity

(i) Convert 2 bytes into bits

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(ii) Convert 16 bits into nibbles

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(iii) Convert 32 bits into bytes

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(iv) Convert 3 bytes into nibbles

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(v) Convert 2 KB into byte

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(vi) Convert 1 KB into bits

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(vii) Convert 0.5 KB into bits

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(viii) Convert 1 MB into byte

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(ix) Convert 1 MB into bits

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(x) Convert 2.5 MB into byte

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(xi) Convert 2048 KB into MB

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(xii) Convert 512 byte into MB

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(xiii) Convert 3078 byte into KB

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(xiv) Convert 3078 byte into MB

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(xv) Convert 2 GB into MB

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(xvi) Convert 1 GB into KB

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(xvii) Convert 3 GB into byte

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(xviii) Convert 1024 GB into TB

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(xix) Convert 2 TB into GB

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(xx) Convert 3072 byte into GB

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(xxi) Convert 1 TB into bits

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Class Activity Nov 2019

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Example

Upload speed= 24 megabits per second data transfer rate

Raj wishes to upload 15 photograph onto a social media website. Each photograph is 5
megabytes (5 MB).Calculate how long it would take to upload the 15 photograph. (Take
1 MB as 1000 KB instead of 1024 KB)

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Class Activity

Upload speed= 16 megabits per second data transfer rate

John wishes to upload 30 photograph onto a social media website. Each photograph is
15 megabytes (15 MB).Calculate how long it would take to upload the 30 photograph.
(Take 1 MB as 1000 KB instead of 1024 KB)

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Class activity

A CD is being used to store music. Each minute’s worth of recording takes up 12

megabytes.

(a) The CD contains nine tracks which are the following length (in minutes): 3, 5, 6, 4, 5,
2, 7, 8, 8. How much memory would these nine tracks occupy on the CD?

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(b) If the CD was downloaded to a computer and then all the tracks were put through
an MP3 compression algorithm, how much memory would the nine tracks now occupy
(you may assume a 90 per cent file reduction size)?

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(c) Find the average size of each of the MP3 tracks, and then estimate how many MP3
files could be stored on an 800 megabyte CD.

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Note: (Picture) Resolution

 Resolution is the total number of ___________ in an image.

 Resolution = _______________________________________________

Comments:

 Photographs ___ and ____ are very sharp whilst photograph ___ is very fuzzy
and ____ is almost unrecognisable
 The resolution of the photographs is _____________ from A to E, i.e. reducing
the picture resolution.
 Reducing the picture resolution means changing the number of PIXELS per
centimetre used to store the image
 Reducing the picture resolution means a ____________ size for the image but
the quality of the image is _______________
 Therefore, the ___________ the picture resolution the ____________ the quality
of the image

Example: Consider an image that is 2048 pixels wide and 1536 pixels high. What is the
resolution

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Note: File size of bitmap images

 File size of an image is determined by the number of ______ and number of

_______ used for each pixel.
 File size = ________________________________________________
 pixel size = ________________________________________________

Important: Pixel size is also known as ________ ____________ and is usually in bits. If
an image has 24 bit colour, it means the image has a ___________ __________ of 24
bit

Example: For an image with resolution 3 mega pixels, if each pixel in the image is made
up of 3 colours (Red, Blue, Green), find the file size. (Assume 1 byte is used for each
colour)

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Example

1. An image is 1200 pixels by 1600 pixels. Calculate:

(i) the total number of pixels in the original image

(ii) the number of bytes occupied by this file, i.e. the file size

(iii) the file size of the jpeg image (in kilobytes) if the original image was reduced by a
factor of 8.

(Assume 3 colours are used for each pixel and 1 byte is used for each colour )

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______________________________________________________________________

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2. A second image is 3072 pixels by 2304 pixels. Calculate:

(i) the total number of pixels in the original image

(ii) the number of bytes occupied by this file, i.e. its file size

(iii) the file size of the jpeg image (in megabytes) if the original image was reduced by a
factor of 5.

(iv) How many uncompressed files of the size calculated in part (ii) could be stored on a
4-gigabyte memory card?

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(v) How many compressed files of the size calculated in part (iii) could be stored on the
same 4-gigabyte memory card?

(Assume 3 colours are used for each pixel and 1 byte is used for each colour )

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Example

Kamil wants to store a 16-bit colour image file. The image size is 1000 pixels. Calculate
the size of the file. Give your answer in bytes. Show your working.

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Class Activity June 2019

Marley also needs to store ten 8-bit colour images in a file for his project. Each image is
500 pixels wide and 300 pixels high. Calculate the total file size in megabytes (MB) for
all Marley’s images. Show all your working.

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(ii) GIF

 Acronym: ________________________________
 It has the file extension _____________
 It is _______________ file format
 It supports both ______________ and ________________ images
 It supports up to 256 colours
 It is a common format for storing digital ________ on web
 It is suitable for images that use few colours such as _________

(iii) PDF

 Acronym: _______________________________
 It has the file extension _______________
 PDF can contain _________ and _______, form fields, ________, ________ etc.
 It can be created using _________ ____________ software or ___________
_____________ software
 It is usually __________ ____________, meaning that users can’t change the
wording directly but can view and print it
 It can be _________________ to prevent copying and editing
 It presents and exchanges documents __________, independent of software,
hardware, or operating system (same on different platforms)
 It is useful for documents such as magazine articles, product brochures, or flyers
in which you want to preserve the original graphic appearance online.

(v) MPEG

 Acronym: _____________________________________________
 It is a ______________ compression file format
 It is an evolving set of standards for _________ and _____________
compression:
o MPEG-1: offers video resolution of 352 * 240 pixels at 30 frames per
second

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 o MPEG-2: offers video resolution of 720 * 480 pixels and 1280 * 720 at 60
frames per second (for DVD, television broadcasts)
o MPEG-3 (i.e. MP3)
o MPEG-4 (i.e. MP4)

(iv) MP3

 Acronym: ______________________________________
 It is a common file format for ________________
 It has the file extension ___________
 It is a ______________ file format since part of the original file is lost following
the compression algorithm and the original file can’t be put back together0020
 There is loss in quality for mp3 files as the size of normal music file reduced by
_________. For example, an 80 megabyte music CD can be reduced to 8
megabytes using MP3 technology.)
 It has enabled ________________ file sharing and eased audio
_________because of their small __________
 MP3 files are used in ______________________________________________
 It uses technology known as AUDIO COMPRESSION to convert music and other
sounds into an MP3 file format

Class activity

How can the original music file be reduced by 90 per cent whilst still retaining most of
the music quality?

 This is done using file compression algorithms which use

______________________________________________
 This essentially removes sounds that the human ear can’t _________ properly.
 For example, if two sounds are played at the same time, only the louder one can
be heard by the ear, so the ___________ sound is eliminated.
 This means that certain parts of the music can be ___________ without affecting
the quality too much.

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(v) MP4

 Acronym: ________________________
 It has file extension ________________
 It is a ______________ file format
 This format allows the storage of _____________ files rather than just sound.
 Music, videos, photos and animation can all be stored in the MP4 format.
 Videos, for example, could be streamed over the internet using the MP4 format
without losing any real discernable quality.

(vi) MIDI

Properties:

 Acronym: ________________________________________________________

 It has the file extension ______________________ and uses ____ transmission

 MIDI is associated with the storage of music files but does not store actual sound

 It is not music and does not contain any _____________ ___________. The

whole piece of midi music file is stored as a series of ______________ known as

____________ _____________ for how the sound should be played but no

actual musical notes.

 The MIDI commands/instructions specify

o ___________ of note

o When each note is plays and stops playing

o ______________ of the sound (i.e. its length of time)

o ______________ of the note (i.e. how loud to play)

o _______________ (i.e. pace of sound)

o Type of instrument

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  This is a standard format for the interchange of musical information between

musical instruments known as ________ devices and computers, i.e. it is a

communication protocol that allows electronic musical instruments to interact with

each other.

 It has become the primary digital production tool for __________ for creating

songs

 Data in the file has been recorded using digital instruments

Advantage of MIDI file:

 They are extremely ________ in size compared to audio files such as mp3 or
wav as it does not contain any audio tracks. For example, a 10 megabyte MP3
file only requires about 10 kilobyte file size when using the MIDI format. This
makes them ideal for devices where memory is an issue; for example, storing
ring tones on a mobile phone.
 It is a very versatile file structure., i.e., a user can play back midi file (downloaded
or bought from the internet - yamahamusicsoft.com) on any __________
_________________ with different effects to the original using SEQUENCER
SOFTWARE since the MIDI files wouldn’t be recognised in their ‘raw’ form.
 Midi file can easily be ______________ such as changing incorrectly played
music note, change tempo etc.

Note: MIDI commands

A MIDI file consists of a list of MIDI commands that instruct a device (for example,
an electronic organ, sound card in a computer or in a mobile phone) how to produce a
particular sound or musical note.

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Class Activity

State whether text, picture, sound or video:

JPEG: _____________________

.doc, .txt, .rtf, .docx, .odt .pdf : ____________________

.mp3, .wav, .aif,.flac, .mid: _________________

.mp4, .flv, .wmv: ______________________

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