THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, G.R. No.

175593
Appellee,
- versus - Chairperson,
CARPIO,
CARPIO MORALES,
TINGA, and
SALVADOR SANTOS, JR. y VELASCO, JR., JJ.
SALVADOR,
Appellant.
Promulgated:
October 17, 2007

“The Constitution mandates that an accused shall be presumed innocent until the
contrary is proven beyond reasonable doubt. The prosecution has the burden to
overcome such presumption of innocence by presenting the quantum of evidence
required. Corollarily, the prosecution must rest on its own merits and must not rely
on the weakness of the defense. If the prosecution fails to meet the required
quantum of evidence, the defense may logically not even present evidence on its
own behalf. In which case, the presumption of innocence shall prevail and hence,
the accused shall be acquitted. However, once the presumption of innocence is
overcome, the defense bears the burden of evidence to show reasonable doubt as to
the guilt of the accused. Reasonable doubt is that doubt engendered by an
investigation of the whole proof and an inability after such investigation to let the
mind rest each upon the certainty of guilt. Absolute certainty of guilt is not
demanded by the law to convict a criminal charge, but moral certainty is required
as to every proposition of proof requisite to constitute the offense.”

“Concededly, the evidence of the defense is weak and uncorroborated. This,

however, cannot be used to advance the cause of the prosecution as the evidence
for the prosecution must stand or fall on its own weight and cannot be allowed to
draw strength from the weakness of the defense. [39] Moreover, when the
circumstances are capable of two or more inferences, as in this case, such that one
of which is consistent with the presumption of innocence and the other is
compatible with guilt, the presumption of innocence must prevail and the court
must acquit.”