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Hoe + A. optimization problem *4 associated wilh an phjectve Lancbion Lalltal ov Zo preditols p : peasibili Caitdia, Hol sheagteed ce & ol possible edubier8 YU, he aint) dosixed) exbemum- optimal solution exe one CF optimiaalion prsbhor is, Pindisg pebown vetiad G A he ‘ ae Findiog the shosest pul! co Lind He chosesk Path Lehweon cubes, Sey in a wood wap. TE Gn obseaVved nad and pare» fat Ke objeckve foe 4 to find He Sheibest pad ant Seduce the OAL maby Gin cheogs ; Gb oh aSSume hot Oo friend Feypsstlt You tr lend dim 67 Poise AMeming Le denominats A ns $1,2,5, 10,50} ald you give bm 63 Ore Paisa Gis? AN cMechve ophimal Sotutionr Ri Keg Aegnreest would ‘deal, be {50,10,5,2} gt Gn be chserveal “tot ie goal 4 bow the peermber & ins Coins « Naininge Ke problm Like aking Gin . | (] Cn Mage and Finding phe shntest Poth” have objechve Eanch'ond a sel of Grsbroink. The Solution fo te wy f Cub a Subset of Siubtons Yak) God i Sie Gmsbrainks associated with Wa en Subset Sdubon Hat Satish tere Gnsbsoinks 3s } feasible Sdution thot Gled a Peasible eduben. fog BERD rind 13 fhe Given K Gllled the. opbimel Shuh ‘en, problem yar! mide av ob} ech Purch v a the god approach offen works in Stags. a decision 08 Aaice H made. These At ewry slope . A choles 0 lnally ophimel. Final. i ChE 10nd ny of Ke Problem 13 obleined by d ophimed decisions sens. A tyPlead an glbel BOs tor bin A alys.the us dot wih solution hav" erly Se A gee calyautor then progeny gps 0 sdtabion of ONG until He ofabel adution 19 obleived: jberabon Alger Greedy. Hots Conkeind He nines tpution 20% Henibedi2® He eho es je ton i We gelect (ay: censiblCsdstion? ton if edubion = cali? +e} oto str PT Summa (825% foi) — ‘ rmigabion problems > Give thm Gn be opplied b opt le > zt Enstruclt séubor trough & Sequence , i >on each Step it makes go Ual books bes veo went: > The choio vnade revs beF ' xpeosble- zt fos sabisty [te problnat Grs “4 4 loGll, ophmes- zt has bp be te best bas ; Choice aaey all feosible sices. - one choice 1% made, it Gnreot be Bt, ogo my rt ais bad 00 sdution evelall fi alt pres - + TyrevoGble Contirtt- loos aed osilh G2ge. The iGo 4 Grfaindael, kK skp Sorte ShC- piffelint Bnfainals eg So lor Toad 08 many Contounets ob psisih om [ poikout Sinteng the SAP! > The ship ig Loaded evi lh Gayo. And bo. Gyo 4 Gonlaindized. (aigo GPAd) bet > Thee oem" ConkeunetS aves Jab fa Load > the weight be onkeiner V4 "w0;" > Fach WE 4 a P&bve numbet oy rhe volume & Gnkainet 1% fed. > Consbdaint s Sum ot @rbanch wweighlt should be hes Han C. sl bont- Seu he” Load Conosners in incinods ple ch weight unt] we ad bp o CGrbowd Zot leegn't ft. Loe x; € fo," sere xo OF (8 Gpbeine vp boobed ysl if ph Corton “u looded- ergr values #0 14 Suck bot ox 2c. iz! i vsdet petty be OHO yoo. And ro Grloincts oe 8. foc Glee vik wT Gen oF gg wl ope = ee wy ws ws i ree ee at i i Contained From Ha glepl) Select minim wes lal ” 3 List. zw aw shade spol Sun weight (fond 2 OC ap 2 40O SleP-22 Selech mninimv weighted Confairas fiom te Aarroinig LrhrhlrLhLrr w3 % che&en in ed Gie- 20+5 4 40o 03 F odkded. makinunm & Cordained Shep3! Ropeot tepr whl He Gnd ben: lobel toetplt ec Ivoskd v2 'th sobs bring ot D+ 9° 2 4oo we iB added steps: 08 iF cep? cheoten got go450 +O ZY0O goo 2400 we Mf odoled - vs lthos * 290 < Yoo tos padded geez! wr 4 chosen. 2400 Bo 7rsotso tho #90 +100 390 <4oo wor ap added: SHp-8 ey 4 Choten. ee Ao +so tS +o +%O+ [O° obese 4400 @ +400 Since, opacity oh the Gago V4 excading wou 4 net ade and procs oil slop: Forbe , Ke ophimad schon y w, wr Ws Wy YS We Ws Os loo 200 8° 1s0 T° so 20 Bo ro tot ff | Algaithen Gntainerdondig C@ topocity nodontainers, ») | Grey allgither PA Corbotrad beoding he Wset xi <1 it Grtoinee CLIT, 121 3 ; WUSadk inbo | ncherivg Adan & weight | SAL CC, NOG Gntoinr ) ; N= nog Grbabnats ; Hin tiskide fr tet en do * x03 =o; | [sect Contains in doer & weigh isl cAile Gen BRCIY welt < pacity ) ? Voneug Gpecity fp Conbeined xfer) = 1; ‘~ iM oaminivg Gfratity p++) i : ” . (av? “J ¥ pPiGert L @ oo y Z Aen) » OCrlogn + etry s G ilens, tat Ha itor Gn be ‘rea. wi buchen into amar Pleas bo tat tailing rong cvcide fo oy only o fre of them ty while 02 we1. Ftackional Knopf Sock prblon Gy» be soled by” * o J Feely vehod of, krapsace prcblen: Here ta items chion & x, rot be bieten Into mally Pieces co Meek rey decide Ciel b> take On Stem & fo basse it Cb ty nia), bub may rob toe & rockon & an ikem. % tragsack publ donot exhbt fey abhn it ony Pw» dyrome Pregiammig adphite, Probl we ain given “hn Objeche ard o fnapatk a bap Object To fod o 2; and ba Knopsack fos > ape “mi TE o Precton Ki, O€K;41) of ohyec “i” plod irl Bs Kropsack , than a prt px, 4 waned: The oljectie 14 fo obtain o dig of Ke knapsack Kab maximizes Gorred- Sabon Stole the KnapSack Afacihy tA om, we noquine Me tol! wesgh o ae At all chosen object be ab mast ‘rm" Farmally, Ke puthm bm be slaled 24: Bey Es te _- @© lesen So si) yelen he bject & peien — ® ad oft! 1 A feasible cotton 4 OY set salishying ey ond O be jin optirad SAeBon "4 prox! m j3ad- a feosible sdulton PAL uskeh JO 4 penol? —~p taik me —stoliem need fe stole , the Mow howre and need fo sell them + et 4 Gencity - a Gold silver plafnum mee Pitt 20 to go 30 5S 2 went 2 a > ' gsly Heke anny & na ge 610° Vhems Gold Sher pabnum moor prey | ® Prt . Ro 10 30 30 Ss | swept 2 3 3 2 torte? y Poe és ‘ qe et” wD (0 )o 2 Oy mango S| tide ! aye ged ' | 1 Ms. 4-371 . \ 120 theese Ws Eun; = QVeL ABEL IRIE AEA IKY; 2 ov 43434it) 210 Smo — Sabbes EP; = AOKI 4 1OX! + 20K! +3014 SKY > © 410 ¢ 20 +3042-S Qres SEP Sina ou 02x; 4!, Gitte Pad focigtt Step Selct te moximam Pho Vali, ie, Mary . add Mone & wes “4" rte fog, aa bog Gpacily slo-t=9 Sep3" select the vroximum Pho vobe te, Cob! and Platnum . Chex ore. Gold iz beskon * +. pdd Gold & weight “2° tote beg. Remon rg beg pacity aq. 2 29 odd plabinun whe bet a-3ed SbPRS — vert maximum $ lek dd stuck (fo bog Remoint ae a 0) 4-32! chert ony ot weight ye bt > He bag So, Grvided He next rot us Value 1-7 aaprek wih weight 2-60 Conriclr OMY padi. Gpocity Abbie, Eup em cam gu gaxrrdxr til +2Ky 4 eas el tata Csabbred Grdibion) 2 tog ox 1 + seh Prgt eros t30x! t3 Em Yori prot? 5 one! Use 2 oO + 104 50 2 42-9 MF a mplinal dulton Uf Zale Siltred plabirare mong Cres pyept © 10 30 30 S eth ? 5 3 ' 2 os of ' , A eae | | | | ERD Grsiclr the Fdlowirr Insfante of Ke Knoppsacte | Preblem: 23, i z90, CPi, Pra Py ) C25, 24D and 5 Ce, oy, 094) = (18, 15,10) + \* 5)y \ = Reait : mre 2s 2 " ° A@-15*5 ip 18 1s Io er 1.39 16 Ls oO 1 & ophmad , ’ on ERG =15%O 4 TMK + (SX \ 26 +24 495 | = 3S | Fwe sR Ko+ 1s Kk) + 10K, e OHIGHS 10 z iter - pda ot roo tae thm @ frapsoexcm 0 pparnd ard won tontarn te prsik and weighs Aespacbuy, I ot he’n” hyeca corded guch Hot pl /ol] >Plo 5 aw xfiny 4 pa stor Veoh Verte os prapek SRE ie (ori) >O) Hen break; x[il= 1% Db: U0- wl; I Cig) tin pig 2 U/l 5 5 Efficiency ple main Cnet ake step He sAking ff all vilems be dleReak\rnrg over ter value /ioeyght SoHo. ze He they ane ober g pte enperedt oxdet- than ‘loop totes O(n) Bme. Ae average & ome lenity, aunt bj me y aN ornlogr) , ole sat fy 7 gchedul! problems ig anoKker pop bd problem in the Sched oding A schedkult! pooble mn i Grmpede Solent demain: a prokim of schedeeli a ge Aognest In opebating Sys Sivfe proaut & * Gmputer syshe rea enlourlr jade dust prego — Visualize the sealing porkln 03 om obred ordeling & jet such tat Hej uh Gan Bound Ac Seete® effec ively brs, alten a time yrinimiaod. Z zn shét, the aim #4 FO gchedule te js im om optimal ord. so 08 bo orcad He f5 faster variobhend + Hente , be chusiFieol ‘nke Shit prsblon fox more a Gon paler fa Sub -ZatetVal x Joh Scaqpeancing with Aoadbres: o— Prien! Co oS Gnvidla Hol Hor oe” je that oie fp be executed exactly orn job > at any Bima Til, 2,3,--° ody o iy fo be erect ted > bach J? bakes tuntl & bere ~ 2b yeh sharby belt Ch) 0d 1% hodline prtit '5& obtain sthworfe profit 3 Concha oll posuiba schedules oro @mpele Kha fate! Cima tn the Syoten. rintmwm A Goo ah chelate iht do premimige tx bola! pathit- Eyr ; . — Solve fe followig jor segura Preble ng wets . Fob runrber- ‘ 2 324 $ ‘ past 300 280 {Bo 2Ir 100 ary peodlit 4 3 aad 3 3 in order & Hox prthit sar steps» Kirset ange He gous oes pick He job Hat gines He Augfest Priv, step-2: and pot it ot te prog ibon depicted hy i deadline : o——! —— 2 = % 34 ik secbnd hi perl, Poa ~~ 1 cdeadbro )— o— » tes 44 | Step Pow He ent fest prsbt gob pte ib at Ho | embed depicted by tpg deodbine Sint, Be geard position * filled, sal, posiben pak 4 enely | | | o— ale vest fla jodt hv poten have eon filed» Terabe, Ue | Hema, He proht 242yt 300428 Step-by Grvet be done or U2 £186 nigaithe pooseareerc git cre wt) i [@sort all jas david padi oe prbit dace ac Feo kh ada fe P&E. | Brtevok on pos ' fa cach jh, do i eG He ‘yp Find a Gime slot *, A bat shot B empy and 12 deadline and total. put te pob in Ue slot and mot bn ae filed: | ex ssl, Hen ignde ke pb A ui, pen such I efbiecien 4 ee TOM) * ong” 2 oly” sh my Le Same? fork’ +00r ) ser t Minimars Spanr'ok aE Takaeduchn: Tha MST prble IA & Lind afver bre T ofa gion gach Hat o ng all the velies & G and bea fle mins ho wf of He elf #6 yer all suck breed Problem Form alabeon ee lok Ge (View) be 2 “are Gprected Urdired- | hb. Find a bree 7 Gnbains all the velbtes n and ™ inimige He SUM & he wnictt, hte edges Cas vy & T bok 8 ~ wT) = 2 ee” ane? seo flat Contains euely vertex & % Gnnecked fuch A Gaile! Spann bree. The problem & Gnstoucti a minimum sper bree & MST 44 Gonpubing o SPOT qeee T wilh 3 mallesr total weight a Sob h & G hich hos cet ote vertiad & G and 4 = Fe > Amen ong fre &o wets gieeh sper bree hd Aaplicabions Tt aBses in mm appliater’s rb ie an mpdlant Cranple ushew sud ahihithe, alongs give ta opbmal answer, fA enample ~ Gonna! all Compults in a Compubtt ae butlding wring lost amaient & Abb. > Connect all doe Ciraut of o visT chip fo Ke Powel Source UXing minimum amount & lebyphon ¢ Urea: a keuskal 4 algdithrn esuskal’g algdithrn wa Sey approach bored algdithm zt Sepeateddy adds Ke smallest edge to the Spennig bxee elfol deernt Carat 2 ek. gexaskals algAitom FA Gmpuling He minimum pom be # disettly bared oi Ue genic. MsT nly TE builds te mst in fle. Dacbill ¢ tach verter +# In it own bxee In forest Then, alyh thm Cooder each edge inbdn, ordet by in leah 9 weskl IP an edge (ov) Gnneclb wo porcrk’ Frees, then (caw) 8 added bo fhe sé & of Ke MST, and boo Faces Gnnected by an epg Ca) ane rmesged into a Ly bree Cav) Lo ° He ofher hand, iL an on wo vas In be Some Gree, Gen edge Cu, v) oF dif Gided. Barre shuctuse of Keuskals AlgAim! gloat with an emphy Seb A, and select of He sh&lesb edge Yok deendt been Choosen oF rejected, Regeidless & uses Kb eolge & mMST— Katuskal (G, 0) F nef y A will eltimatily @n Pa ech verbex vin VG do poke Sebl') Soxt edge ob E oy Pox each edge Cuydin E do if Find-seble) # Flad set Cv) non-cluckeosiog wee & Un Bz AVGuV} UNION C4) Seuin A , ; i ON pate-Sel@) Create @ naw set ushese “oe member is Pointed to Vinee Hatta Hie opAabion , must obrealy be in a Seb Find-Set6: Rebins a points to Ke set as v. nie elt Hat Corban ward Omion Cuv)t unites He 4 union af Kase Vy inte a nao set at two seta, EPEC en ty * oCnlegn) +060) = OCnlegn ) Example show step by step ofetaion & keuskal 4 alyaithn Minimum Gat @ustr) = S wr uveT S [Ares veya ager) <3 = prot 2 ce Alyse weaskoi(e) [[Znpot 2G 8aph G Noubut s mst T Sost te edges and farm edge Uist £2 Se,,e,,---, en} Such Hat ew(e,) ewer) 2... 2Cen) Pol VEV EO do mote -setv) [i cxeate Singleton T = © [put all nodes and no edpesin T fe Contains leas Har not Coys and & $0) do an edgelu, v) ne the edgelon ww) Peo be oe lst E [check hell Be addition fem BR yp natn we GFE Ben odd wp Bind = Set) | ” pegesetCv) ) hen a 7. TUTCuy) 4 pmion (a) else piscald He edge oT ha el edges fen dour» (7) élic output “Wo Spannins que poses ” | Priensy Ali Prin a cl from one verbex and govt pe saat & bree an elt ak a bine: like Koustole, | olgiithn, Prim A ageuithe wp bad on genetic ms7 alps, qe wan ideo Pade alysitton * Hak Bijksteer alybilhe aa Finding gpen gate Prim algal has othe patil Kak Be in He Set A abioags fosm o Single Hees we begin with Sem yestex Vin a giver gees 6B), debrwd Me inctiol Set of veabices 8. Thar, in each so chade # mninimaem ~ weight edge Cu.) jp etahon, wr Convecbig a vabesv in Ye set A bo the verter outsce ah sek A. THe vetex uw 1 br into A> rhs Poot i) aepesed ontil a Spanniey tree if fined dda imphmet fact olen maT # e alanys ue gmnollest weight eolge gos ao Ve rbex trttde gee A He one cul side He tet A- THe impliaHon of tx fack le tal a el “ge eee ae ten, babe whan He ot perninals,, He edges in see A fet MST. Baws of Pam's ay S Bm’ chore a rat anal build 0 Pee from Holt sell al evety stage He. shélest availeble Age tak Gn OG ba tres fo on abdiborel note A gduthn puny hgelect & stesbieg [opepeat stepQond O I @ select an & e connecting Pri verter that bos anim I@ Add te selucked eg ond amine spon twee T. vestex. unt)! Here oF Fringe ver bios. He tree vestex and am weigtt Ke vevlex fo Re UiCen oy - : prim4 sth hod % Elms Complesty ‘b 0), My hel te org valet ond Gn PO improved ele OCnbgn): bheP opernbon Pair lg alydithon. a Err Show the SbeP by est oo 4 pO OS aah tlt ers mst e ‘ © sre 4eerl eed u rn SN 219 P~O—— oO \ L MST 2 Ye RH e244, © 2aL 4utre? =29 past? y Bee ( tre “ ae of. —T 2 ya galt ree este 4 @ 4 or pst 2 Se ee

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