VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“JNANA SANGAMA” BELAGAVI-590018

An Activity Report on
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
degree
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
KARTHIK S 1BI21ME433

Under the guidance of

Mr. D. N. Jagadeesha
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
K.R.ROAD, V.V.PURA BANGALORE -560004, KARNATAKA, INDIA
2023-2024
 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Belagavi-590018, Karnataka, India

BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the activity work report entitled “Fulfilment of the Requirements for
Activity Points” is a bonafide work carried out by KARTHIK S (1BI21ME433),
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore
towards the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree Bachelor of
Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi during the academic year 2023-24 under my guidance. The Activity report is not
submitted by him elsewhere for the award of any other degree or diploma and is not the
repetition of the work carried out by others.

Mr. D. N. Jagadeesha Dr. T V Sreerama Reddy

Assistant Professor Professor & Head
Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bangalore Institute of Technology Bangalore Institute of Technology
Bnagalore-560004 Bnagalore-560004
 DECLARATION

I declare that the activity report entitled “Fulfilment of the Requirements for Activity
Points” carried out independently, under the guidance of Mr. D. N. Jagadeesha, Assistant
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangalore Institute of Technology,
Bangalore- 560004, during the academic year 2023-2024. Further, I declare that this Activity
report either in part or in full is not submitted by us to any other university to the award of any
degree or diploma.

Date: 13/05/2023
Place: Bengaluru

KARTHIK S
(1BI21ME433)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am privileged to thank my proctor Mr. D. N. Jagadeesha, Assistant Professor,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Bangalore for providing all the help and guidance
needed for the successful completion of the report.

I express my sincere thanks to Dr. T V SREERAMA REDDY, Professor and HOD,

Department of Mechanical Engineering, BIT, Bengaluru for his valuable encouragement and
support in carrying out the Activities by providing all the facilities.

I convey our gratitude to Dr. ASWATH M U, Principal, BIT, Bengaluru for his kind
encouragement. Lastly, I would like to thank each & everyone who helped us directly or indirectly
for providing us substantial support throughout the activity work.

I express my sincere thanks to the management of RAJYA VOKKALIGARA SANGHA

and BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY for providing the necessary
infrastructure and facilities to carry out our Activity Work.
 CONTENTS

ACTIVITY TITLE HOURS

NO. SPENT

1 Swatch Bharath Abhiyan 80

2 Developing an Efficient Garbage Disposal System 80

3 Making Paper Bags and Distributing to Shopkeepers 80

4 Facilitating 100% Digitized Transaction 80

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ACTIVITY 1

SWATCH BHARATH ABHIYAN

1.1 INTRODUCTION:

To accelerate the efforts to achieve universal sanitation coverage and to put

focus on sanitation, the Prime Minister of India had launched the Swachh Bharat
Mission on 2nd October 2014. The mission was implemented as a nation-wide
campaign/Janandolan which aimed at eliminating open defecation in rural areas during
the period 2014 to 2019 through mass scale behavior change, construction of
household-owned and community-owned toilets and establishing mechanisms for
monitoring toilet construction and usage. Under the mission, all villages, Gram
Panchayats, Districts, States and Union Territories in India declared themselves "open-
defecation free" (ODF) by 2 October 2019, the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma
Gandhi, by constructing over 100 million toilets in rural India. To ensure that the open
defecation free behaviors are sustained, no one is left behind, and that solid and liquid
waste management facilities are accessible, the Mission is moving towards the next
Phase II of SBMG i.e ODF-Plus. ODF Plus activities under Phase II of Swachh Bharat
Mission (Grameen) will reinforce ODF behaviors and focus on providing interventions
for safe management of solid and liquid waste in villages.

1.2 VISION AND OBJECTIVES

Vision
● The aim of Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) phase II is to ensure the open
defecation free behaviors are sustained.
Objectives
● Open defecation free behaviors are sustained and no one is left behind.
Solid and liquid waste management facilities are accessible and reinforcing ODF behaviors and
focus on providing interventions for safe management of solid and liquid waste in villages

● To encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and
sustainable sanitation.
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To develop, wherever required, community managed sanitation systems focusing on
scientific Solid & Liquid Waste Management systems for overall cleanliness in therural
areas.
● To create significant positive impact on gender and promote social inclusion by
improving sanitation especially in marginalized communities.

1.2 IMPACT OF SWACHH BHARAT MISSION ON

ENVIRONMENT
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have committed the international
community to expand international cooperation and capacity building on water and
sanitation related activities and programmes, and also to support local communities in
improving water and sanitation management. Through Goal 6, the countries of the
world have resolved to achieve universal access to safe drinking water and adequate
sanitation and hygiene to all by 2030. The aim is to ensure the consumption of safe
drinking water, practice safe sanitation and hygiene, resulting in lower exposure to a
contaminated environment, resulting in lower morbidity and mortality, especially
amongst children1.
The Swachh Bharat Mission was launched by the Government of India on 2nd October,
2014 to achieve the vision of “Swachh Bharat'' by 2nd October 2019. The Swachh
Bharat Mission Gramin-SBM (G) endeavors to accelerate rural sanitation coverage,
reduce open defecation and improve management of solid and liquid wastes in rural
areas. The implementation of SBM (G) is the responsibility of the Ministry of Drinking
Water and Sanitation2. The MDWS, while guidelines for ODF verification3 stressed on
“safe technology option which aimed at no contamination of surface soil, groundwater
or surface water; excreta management inaccessible to flies or animals; no human
handling of fresh excreta; and freedom from odor and unsightly condition". Over the
past 4 years, over 92 million new households have received access to household toilets,
and by the end of the SBM G programme, all 16.5 million rural households will have
such access. However, the issue is of usage, and thus the goal is to create Open
Defecation Free (ODF) communities and villages, with no one defecating in the open.
The status of ODF villages published on the website of MDWS indicates that as on
01.04.2019, over 99% of rural HHs in India have toilet access. The declared ODF
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villages at all India level accounted for 556,824 spreading over 247,723 Gram
Panchayats, 6,031 Blocks and 616 Districts.UNICEF in India accords high priority to
the provision of safe sanitation and water services to people in rural areas and has over
the past many years aided through catalytic technical support to MDWS, Government
of India and 15 state governments in the implementation of the various sanitation
programmes and since 2014, specifically to the SBM (G). With the progress of the
SBM (G), and declaration of ODF communities, there is an emerging question on
whether the campaign to eliminate open defecation and create ODF communities is
resulting in the decrease in fecal contamination in the environment. This is also an area
of interest to UNICEF as it may reveal the impact of the sanitation campaign on
environmental fecal contamination, which directly affects children with a role in
preventing diarrhea, enteric enteropathy, malnutrition and stunting.

1.4 ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED :

We visited Nagarbhaavi on April 06th,2024 and did plogging. Plogging is a fitness
trend that originated in Sweden and involves picking up litter while jogging or
running. The term "plogging" comes from the Swedish word "plocka upp," which
means "pick up," and "jogging." Plogging is a great way to combine fitness and
environmental activism. It not only helps to keep our environment clean and free of
trash, but it also provides a full-body workout by incorporating squats, lunges, and
other exercises while picking up litter.

1.5 OUTCOME OF THE ACTIVITY:

Cleaner environment: By picking up litter, you're helping to keep your local
environment clean
and free of trash. This can have a positive impact on the health and well-being ofpeople,
animals, and plants in the area.
Improved cardiovascular fitness: Plogging involves jogging or running while also
performing
squatting and lunging movements to pick up litter. This can provide a full-body
workout that can improve your cardiovascular fitness, strength, and endurance.
Increased calorie burn: Plogging can burn more calories than regular jogging or

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running because of the added movements involved in picking up litter.
Enhanced mental health: Spending time in nature and doing physical activity can help
to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Plogging can provide a sense of purpose and
accomplishment, which can improve your mood and overall well-being.
Social connection: Plogging can also be a social activity, allowing you to meet new
people who share your passion for fitness and environmentalism. Participating in
organized plogging events can be a fun way to connect with others and make a positive
impact in your community.

1.6 OBSERVATIONS AND LEARNINGS:

Increased awareness of litter: When you start plogging, you may notice litter in
places you had never noticed it before. This can make you more aware of how much
litter is present in our environment and how it can negatively impact the ecosystem.
Understanding the impact of litter: Seeing the effects of litter on the environment
first-hand can provide a deeper understanding of the negative impact it can have. For
example, you may notice that discarded plastic bottles and bags can harm wildlife or
that litter can clog drains and cause flooding.
Realizing the importance of community action: Plogging can also highlight the
importance of
community action in protecting the environment. By coming together to clean up litter,
you can see how much can be achieved when people work together toward a common
goal.
Developing a sense of responsibility: Plogging can also help you to feel a greater
sense of responsibility for the environment and the impact of your own actions. This
can encourage you to be more mindful of your own waste and to take steps to reduce
your carbon footprint.
Discovering new places: Plogging can take you to new places and allow you to
discover parts of your community that you may not have explored before.

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1.7 ATTACHMENTS:

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CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION:

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ACTIVITY 2

DEVELOPING AN EFFICIENT GARBAGE

DISPOSAL SYSTEM

2.1 INTRODUCTION:
Garbage disposal is one of the most significant challenges that society faces
today. The waste we produce every day is causing significant harm to the environment,
and therefore, it has become crucial to find an efficient way to dispose of it. In this
regard, students can play a vital role in developing an effective garbage disposal system
that is both environmentally friendly and sustainable. This report will focus on the
social activity of developing an efficient garbage disposal system by considering an A4
sheet as a page.

2.2 BACKGROUND:
The waste we produce every day comes in different forms, such as plastic,paper,
glass, and organic waste. Most of these materials are non-biodegradable, which means
they take a long time to decompose and can cause severe environmental problems.
Therefore, it is crucial to find ways to dispose of these wastes properly. Students can
play a vital role in this process by developing innovative and sustainable solutions to
the problem.

2.3 DEVELOPING AN EFFICIENT GARBAGE DISPOSAL

SYSTEM:
Students of BIT had developed an efficient garbage disposal system. This approach
involves designing a system that is simple, cost-effective, and environmentally
friendly. The system should be able to handle different types of waste, includingplastic,
paper, glass, and organic waste. In the month of April 2023 our college organized a
Swachh Bharat activity organized by the organization Cognition at Shalini grounds,
Jayanagar, Bangalore. The activity involved cleaning a nearby public park.

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A group of 25 students from our college participated in the activity. We were divided
into small groups of five, and each group was given a task. The first step in developing
an efficient garbage disposal system is to identify the types of waste that need to be
disposed of. Once the waste types have been identified, students started designing a
system that can handle these wastes effectively. The system should be able to sort and
separate the different types of waste so that they can be disposed of appropriately. Next,
we designed a system that is cost-effective and easy to maintain. The system should be
designed in such a way that it does not require too much maintenance, and the cost of
maintenance should be minimal.Finally, the system should be environmentally friendly.
The system should not emit harmful gases or chemicals that can harm the environment.
Instead, the system should be designed in such a way that it promotes environmental
sustainability.

2.4 SOCIAL IMPACT:

The social impact of developing an efficient garbage disposal system is
significant. The system can help to reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills,
which can reduce the environmental impact of waste disposal. Additionally, the system
can help to promote environmental sustainability, which can have a positive impact on
society.

2.5 CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, developing an efficient garbage disposal system is a social activity that
can have a significant impact on society. Engineering students can play a vital role in
this process by developing innovative and sustainable solutions to the problem. We
designed a system that is simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. The
social impact of developing an efficient garbage disposal system is significant, as it
can promote environmental sustainability, create employment opportunities, and
reduce the cost of waste disposal.

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CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION:

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ACTIVITY 3

MAKING PAPER BAGS AND DISTRIBUTING

TO SHOPKEEPERS
3.1 INTRODUCTION:

Plastic pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental

concerns globally. Single-use plastic bags, in particular, have devastating effects on
ecosystems, contributing to land and marine pollution, endangering wildlife, and
impacting human health. Recognizing the need for eco-friendly alternatives, efforts
are being made to replace plastic bags with more sustainable options. This report
focuses on the distribution of paper bags to shopkeepers as a crucial step towards
reducing plastic usage and promoting sustainable practices.

3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF PLASTIC BAGS:

a) Land and Marine Pollution: Plastic bags take hundreds of years to decompose,
leading to the accumulation of plastic waste in landfills and natural environments.
They often end up in water bodies, posing a threat to marine life and disrupting
ecosystems.
Wildlife and Human Health Risks: Animals can mistake plastic bags for food,
resulting in choking or digestive issues. Additionally, the toxic chemicals present in
plastic bags can contaminate soil and water, ultimately entering the food chain and
posing risks to human health

3.3 ADVANTAGES OF PAPER BAGS:

a) Biodegradability and Sustainability: Paper bags are made from renewable
resources such as trees, making them biodegradable and environmentally friendly.
b) Reduced Environmental Impact: Paper bags have a lower carbon footprint
compared to plastic bags. They require less energy to produce and produce fewer
greenhouse gas emissions.
c) Recyclable and Reusable: Paper bags can be easily recycled and reused, further
extending their lifespan and reducing waste generation.
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d) Consumer Perception: Many consumers perceive paper bags as a more sustainable

and eco-friendly option, leading to increased brand loyalty and positive public image
for businesses.

3.4 DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY:

a) Collaborating with Shopkeepers: Engage with local businesses and shopkeepers to
educate them about the environmental impact of plastic bags and the benefits of
paper bags.
b) Providing Information and Training: Offer workshops or informational sessions to
highlight the advantages of paper bags, proper bag usage, and the importance of
encouraging customers to adopt reusable bags.
c) Bulk Purchase and Subsidies: Facilitate the procurement of paper bags in bulk at
discounted prices, making them an affordable and attractive alternative for
shopkeepers.
d) Customized Branding: Provide shopkeepers with the option to customize paper
bags with their logo or branding, enhancing their visibility and acting as an incentive
for their adoption.

3.5 BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES:

a) Environmental Benefits: Distribution of paper bags to shopkeepers reduces the
demand for plastic bags, thereby minimizing pollution and conserving natural
resources.
b) Economic Advantages: By opting for paper bags, shopkeepers can align
themselves with sustainable practices and cater to the growing consumer demand for
eco-friendly alternatives.
c) Operational Challenges: Shopkeepers may face initial resistance or reluctance due
to concerns about the durability and cost of paper bags. Addressing these concerns
through education and showcasing long-term benefits can help overcome such
challenges.

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3.6 COLLABORATION AND AWARENESS:

a) Collaboration with Government and NGOs: Foster partnerships with government

agencies and non-governmental organizations to create awareness campaigns and
incentivize the use of paper bags.
b) Public Awareness Campaigns: Launch media campaigns, organize community
events, and utilize social media platforms to raise awareness about the importance of
reducing plastic usage and promoting paper bags.
c) Consumer Education: Educate the general public about the harmful effects of
plastic bags and encourage them to support businesses that prioritize sustainable
practices.

3.7 CONCLUSION:

Distributing paper bags to shopkeepers as an alternative to plastic bags is a positive

step towards reducing plastic use and promoting sustainable practices. By educating
shopkeepers and consumers about the environmental benefits of paper bags and
ensuring their availability, we can encourage a shift towards more eco-friendly
choices. However, it is important to remember that promoting reusable bags and
waste reduction practices should also be a part of the overall strategy to minimize the
environmental impact of packaging. Together, these efforts can contribute to a
cleaner and greener future.

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CERTIFICATION OF
COMPLETION

N: -

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ACTIVITY 4

FACILITATING 100% DIGITIZED

TRANSACTION
4.1 INTRODUCTION:
The purpose of this report is to examine the benefits and challenges of
facilitating 100% digitized transactions for businesses and consumers. With the
increasing reliance on digital technologies, transitioning from traditional cash-based
transactions to fully digitized methods has the potential to revolutionize the way we
conduct business and interact with customers.

4.2 BENEFITS OF DIGITIZED TRANSACTIONS

1. Enhanced Efficiency: Digitized transactions streamline the payment process,
eliminating the need for physical cash handling and reducing the time and effort
required for both customers and shopkeepers. Transactions can be completed quickly
and seamlessly, improving overall operational efficiency.
2. Increased Security: Digital payment systems offer enhanced security features, such
as encryption and authentication protocols, which provide a secure environment for
financial transactions. This reduces the risks associated with cash handling, such as
theft or counterfeit currency.
3. Improved Customer Experience: Digital transactions offer convenience and
flexibility to customers. With options like mobile payments, online transfers, and
digital wallets, customers can make payments anytime, anywhere, without the need for
physical currency. This enhances the overall customer experience and satisfaction.
4. Enhanced Record-Keeping: Digitized transactions generate digital records that can
be easily stored, accessed, and analyzed. This enables businesses to have accurate and
comprehensive transaction data for financial reporting, inventory management, and
customer analysis.

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5. Cost Savings: Transitioning to digitized transactions can reduce costs associated with
cash handling, including cash counting, transportation, and security measures.
Additionally, digital payment systems may offer lower transaction fees compared to
traditional payment methods, providing cost savings for businesses.

4.3 CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATIONS

1. Infrastructure and Connectivity: Implementing 100% digitized transactions requires
robust and reliable technological infrastructure, including internet connectivity,
payment gateways, and digital devices. In areas with limited access to technology or
unstable internet connections, achieving full digitization may pose challenges.
2. Consumer Adoption and Education: Transitioning from cash-based transactions to
digital payments may require efforts to educate and encourage consumer adoption.
Some consumers may be hesitant or unfamiliar with digital payment methods,
necessitating awareness campaigns and training programs to promote acceptance and
usage.
3. Security and Privacy Concerns: With the digitization of transactions, the risk of
cybersecurity threats, data breaches, and identity theft increases. Businesses must
implement robust security measures, comply with data protection regulations, and
educate customers on secure digital transaction practices to mitigate these risks.
4. Inclusivity and Accessibility: While digitized transactions offer convenience, it is
essential to ensure inclusivity and accessibility for all consumers, including those
without access to smartphones or digital devices. Alternative payment options or
mechanisms should be considered to cater to diverse customer needs.

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4.4 RESULTS AND FINDINGS:

I would like to take part in the survey

The first question was like whether the user like to participate in the survey or
not, as we see from the above pie chart 81.3% of the users liked to participate in the
survey.

Education of the users accepted to participate

When the education was asked for the users who like to participate in the survey
most of them preferred not to say their education qualification.

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Gender of the user?

The above question is to ask the gender of the users, here it’s a mix of both
male and female.

Question:- Do you have smart phone?

The above question was to check if the users are a smart phone, from the above
pie chart we can see most of them had a smart phone, and the users who do not have a
smart phone gave the reasons like lack of financial aid, and some said not required.

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Question: - Which mode of transaction?

The next question was like which mode of transaction does the user prefer for,
as the analytic there is equal for both cash and online

Question: - What is the reason to shift to the online mode of transactions?

The next question was like what made then to shift from cash to online, most of
them say that no need to give change (33%), and even for the customer comfortless
(16%)

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Question: - How many of your customers prefer online payments?

The next question is how many of customers prefer online payment, from the
analytics say that more than 33% prefer online payment, still there is need for
transaction to be taken place

Question: - Do the users face any problems during online payments?

The next question if there are any problems during payment, most of them setno.

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4.5 CONCLUSION:

Facilitating 100% digitized transactions offers numerous benefits, including

increased efficiency, enhanced security, improved customer experience, better record-
keeping, and cost savings. However, challenges such as infrastructure requirements,
consumer adoption, security concerns, and inclusivity need to be addressed to ensure a
smooth transition. Businesses and policymakers should work together to create an
enabling environment for the widespread adoption of digital payment systems while
ensuring the accessibility and security of transactions. With careful planning and
implementation, the shift towards 100% digitized transactions has the potential to
revolutionize the way we conduct business and drive economic growth in a digital age.

4.6 ATTACHMENTS:

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CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION:

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