GLOBALIZATION OF RELIGION

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Explain how globalization affects religious practices

and beliefs;

2. Analyze the relationship between religion and

global conflict, and conversely, global peace
What is the relation of religion to globalization?
GLOBALIZATION is the
networking and expansion
of one’s local products,
beliefs and practices often
through technology.
 RELIGION is a collection of
cultural systems, belief systems,
and world views that establishes
symbols that relate humanity to
spirituality and to moral values.
RELIGION is a belief in a
supernatural power or
powers that are
regarded as the creators
and maintainers of the
universe
RELIGION has the most difficult
relationship with globalism

Religious people are less concerned

with wealth and all that comes
along with it.

Globalists are less worried about

whether they will end up in heaven or
hell.
What is the relation of Religion to Globalization?
 There is the way in which
globalization flattens out cultural
differences, erodes local customs
and beliefs and spreads a secular
capitalist way of life that is at odds
with religions of all sorts
 At the same In both of
time, there is the these views,
way in which the
religion serves relationship
as the source of between
globalization’s religion and
greatest
resistance and globalization
as a haven for is
those standing in antagonistic-
opposition to its one of
ubiquitous yet struggle and
often subtle conflict.
power
WHENDID GLOBALIZATIONSTARTED
TOINFLUENCERELIGION?
Evolving trade routes
led to the
colonization of the
Asia, Africa, Central
and South America.
Religion became an
integral part of
colonization and later
on globalization.
The Impact of Globalization
✓ flattens cultural differences
✓erodes local customs and
beliefs
✓spreads secular, capitalist
way of life
What is Religion nowadays?
• it’s nolonger a set of beliefs that people arrive by reflection
•it’s a symbolic system which carries our identity and marks out
social/ethic and other boundaries
•it marks crucial moments in the life with rituals
•it provides powerful mechanisms for psychological and social tension
Role of Religion in Promoting World Peace
 The moral principles and
values contained in the
teachings of great religious
teachers are essential
factors for the reduction of
and ultimate eradication of
greed, hatred, and
delusion-which form the
root cause of various
conflicts and wars.
 The preamble to
UNESCO’s constitution
says “ Since wars begin
in the minds of men, it is
in the minds of men that
the defenses of peace
must be constructed.”
 The world c annot have
peace until nations and
people begin to reduce
their selfish desires for more
and more material
possessions, give up their
racial arrogance, and
eliminate-their madness for
worldly power.
 “Religion not only
inspires and guides Differences in
people but also religious beliefs
provides themwith and practices
necessary tools to
reduce greed with the should not
practice of charity; to hinder the
overcomehate and progress of
aversion with loving-
kindness; and to various
remove ignorance with religionists
the development of working for a
wisdomand insight in
order to understand the commoncause,
true nature of beings for world
and “see things as they peace.
really are.”
▫ For most of human history, people did not move very far away from where they were born.
▫ Migration (a permanent move to a new location) over long distances was so dangerous,
unpredictable, and risky that humans remained in a relatively small area of Eastern Africa until
only about 65,000 years ago.

27
▫ At that time, some brave soul (or
most likely many) set off on an
adventure that would take tens of
thousands of years to complete –
the mass movement of humans to
all corners of the ecumene
(inhabited areas of earth).
▫ Scientists continue to disagree
about the specific time periods
(some studies suggest that the
big move started 120,000 years
ago!) and reasons that our
ancestors finally decided to take
flight, but significant evidence
suggests that periodic climate
change may have played a major
role. 28
▫ Migration can be interregional (between regions), intraregional (within a region), or
international (across national borders). Those moving in are immigrants, and those moving out
are emigrants.
▫ Net migration is the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of
emigrants in any given year.

29
▫ Return migration (a
permanent return to the
country of origin) also
represents a significant flow
of people, but is often
underreported.
▫ For example, up to one
quarter of Europeans that
migrated to the US in the
late nineteenth century
eventually returned to
Europe.

30
▫ In spite of the complex patterns and processes of migration, some general characteristics of
migration and migrants were articulated by British demographer Ernst Ravenstein (1885),
characteristics known as the laws of migration.

31
▫ Geographers have identified general trends in global migration, also known as North-South
migration, in which most emigrants originate in poorer, developing countries and most
destinations have traditionally been wealthier, developed countries.
▫ For most Americans and Canadians, this pattern is very familiar, as recent decades have seen
unprecedented numbers of Latinos immigrate to the US for the purpose of finding higher-
paying jobs and better opportunities and escaping structural poverty in the developing world.

32
▫ The brain drain refers to the conceptual idea that when a wealthy country recruits the ‘best
brains’ from a poorer country, it can be damaging to the sending country, as many of the most
qualified and talented groups of people are poached away by higher-paying opportunities.
▫ As such, the term brain gain refers to the benefits received by a country that receives all those
“brains” without having to produce them from scratch!

33
▫ Recently, countries have also acknowledged the concept of brain waste, in which receiving
countries fall short in utilizing the full range of human capital inherent in many immigrant
populations.
▫ For example, nearly half of all immigrants into the US from 2011-2015 held at least a
bachelor’s degree, but more than 2 million immigrants with college degrees continue to work
low-skilled jobs because employers or governments do not recognize foreign-held degrees..

34
▫ The International Organization for Migration (IOM), sponsored by the United Nations, offers a
great tool for visualizing migration around the world.

35
▫ The Chinese Diaspora is a term
that refers to the 46 million
people that identify themselves
as Chinese but live outside of
China, with the largest number
making their homes in
Southeast Asia and others in
Australia, North America, or
Europe.
▫ Many fled China during times of
political instability before and
after WWII and under early
communist rule, but today, many
of those who leave China are
wealthy and educated and do so
because their skills are in
demand in other parts of the
36
world.
▫ Demographic realities can be push factors or pull factors that serve to push people away from
a place or pull them towards a place. Push and pull factors can be cultural, economic, or
ecological.

37
38
39
▫ Urbanization is the
process through which
cities grow, and higher
and higher percentages of
the population comes to
live in the city.
▫ The two causes of
urbanization are natural
population increase and
rural to urban migration.

40
▫ KEY TERMS DEFINED
▫ Asylum seeker – those who leave the sovereign territory of one country in order to achieve
refugee status in another, based upon claims of danger because of race, religion, nationality,
or other pertinent identifiers.

41
▫ Those migrants who flee their country based upon claims of danger based upon race, religion, nationality, or
other pertinent identifiers are known as asylum seekers.
▫ They seek a country willing to take them in permanently for fear of imprisonment, retribution, or death in
their country of origin.
▫ When asylum seekers have satisfactorily demonstrated a claim in court, their status changes to refugee.
Under international agreement, refugees cannot be forced to return to any country where they are deemed
to be in danger, so refugee status provides displaced people with a legal protection against deportation.

42
▫ KEY TERMS DEFINED
▫ Brain drain – the collective loss of skills,
education, training, and wealth that occurs
when highly-skilled and educated people
move away from a country (usually away
from a relatively poor country).
▫ Brain gain – the collective gain of skills,
education, training, and wealth that occurs
when highly-skilled and educated people
move into another country (usually to a
relatively wealthier country).
▫ Brain waste – a phenomenon in which
international migrants with high levels of
education and/or training often are not
eligible to work in their area of training due
to regulations or certification requirements,
resulting in a “wasted” potential in certain
groups.
43
▫ KEY TERMS DEFINED
▫ Diaspora – a group of people sharing a common historical and ethnic connection to a territory,
but who no longer live in that territory or country. Some members of a diaspora may have
been removed from the traditional homeland for multiple generations but still identify with it as
a “homeland.”
▫ Ecumene – human inhabited areas of Earth

44
▫ Emigrant – an individual who moves away from one country into another for a prolonged
period. The definition of “prolonged” varies by country and is defined by the World Bank as
minimum of one year.
▫ Forced migration – a type of movement in which individuals or groups are coerced into moving
by an external set of forces, most notably environmental, economic, social, or political factors.

45
▫ Globalization – all those processes, technologies, and systems that result in greater
connections, communication, and movement among increasingly distant people and places on
Earth.

46
▫ Guest worker – someone without legal permanent status who has been granted permission to
reside in a country’s territory in order to work for a specific set of time on a particular kind of
work.

47
▫ Highly skilled migration – patterns movement by those with skills that are in high demand on
the global market. Examples include nurses, doctors, IT specialists, actors/artists, and athletes
who tend to enjoy greater levels of movement across borders than others.
▫ Immigrant – an individual who moves for a prolonged period to another country. The definition
of “prolonged” varies by country. In 2016 there were 246 million immigrants in the world.

48
▫ Internal migration — refers to people moving from one area to another within one country

49
▫ International migration — in which people cross borders of one country to another.

50
▫ Human trafficking - involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or
commercial sex act.
▫ Every year, millions of men, women, and children are trafficked worldwide – including right
here in the Philippines. It can happen in any community and victims can be any age, race,
gender, or nationality. Traffickers might use violence, manipulation, or false promises of well-
paying jobs or romantic relationships to lure victims into trafficking situations.

51
▫ Internally Displaced People (IDP) – those who have moved or been forced to move from a
homeland for the same reasons as refugees but have not crossed an international boundary
and do not have refugee status.

52
▫ Points system – a national immigration policy that seeks to attract people with a specific set of skills,
experience, and job training to satisfy unmet demand among those currently in the country. Regardless of
origin country, anyone with the prescribed set of skills, linguistic ability, and education may apply to migrate
to that country if they have acquired enough points to do so. Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and England
all have a points system.

53
▫ Pull Factor – those forces that
encourage people to move into a
particular place.
▫ Push Factor – those forces that
encourage people to move away from a
particular place
▫ Refugee – an individual who, owing to a
well-founded fear of being persecuted
for reasons of race, religion, nationality,
membership of a particular social group
or political opinion, is outside the
country of his nationality, and is unable,
or unwilling, to avail themselves of the
protection of that country. An individual
who has been granted “refugee” status
is afforded a certain set of rights and
privileges, most notably, the right not to
be forcibly returned to the country of
origin. 54
▫ Remittances – money sent “home” by international migrants. Remittances represent the
largest single source of external funding in many developing countries. The global figure for
2016 was US$600 billion.
▫ Remittances likewise change the economic and social standing of migrants, as shown by new
or renovated homes and their relative's access to new consumer goods.

55
▫ Return migration – a return of
a migrant to the country or
place of origin
▫ Transnationalism – exchanges
and interactions across
borders that are a regular and
sustained part of migrants’
realities and activities that
transcend a purely “national”
space.
▫ Undocumented migrants –
those inside of a country
without proper authorization or
proof of residence.

56
▫ Visa – the legal permission granted by a receiving country to those seeking to enter. Examples
include tourist, temporary work, and student visas.

57
Thank you for
listening!
😂😸❤
58
▫ A global citizen is an individual who is aware of and firmly understands the interdependent system of societies and their
relative position in that arena.
▫ According to Jerome Bruner, “Education must not be not only a transmission of culture but also a provider of alternative views
of the world and a strengthener of skills to implore them”.
▫ This means that young individuals, such as yourself, are beseeched to enrich and deepen your knowledge, skills, talents,
and values to better arm yourself as you go about exploring the world beyond the borders of the place you call home.
▫ Being citizens of the world entails rejoicing and celebration of the diversity of cultures of the world and this includes the arts,
music, literature, and language to mention a few.

60
▫ A global citizen is a person who recognizes
being part of an unfolding global community
and that individual conduct and behavior acts
as the building blocks of a community’s
culture.
▫ Nowadays, forces of globalization such as the
internet, politics, and religion guide
individuals to identify themselves as global
citizens living in a world system.
▫ With technology, transportation and mass
media, our ability to established linkages and
connect with people in distant places is
enforced and magnified.
▫ We feel empathy and sorrow for victims of
humanitarian catastrophes, civil conflicts and
famine in other countries halfway across the
world.
▫ We are educated on how elevated the problem
is with regards to the oceans of pollution we
have collectively spawned. Deep seated
emotions like anger surface amidst terror
attacks as images of defenseless children fill
our television screens.. 61
▫ GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
RESPONSIBILITIES
▫ A global citizen, living in an emerging world
community, has moral, ethical, political,
and economic responsibilities. These
responsibilities include:
▫ #1 Responsibility to understand one’s
own perspective and the perspectives
of others on global issues. Almost every
global issue has multiple ethnic, social,
political, and economic perspectives
attached to it. It is the responsibility of
global citizens to understand these
different perspectives and promote
problem-solving consensus among the
different perspectives and the building of
common ground solutions. A global citizen
should avoid taking sides with one
particular point of view, and instead search
for ways to bring all sides together.
62
▫ # 2 Responsibility to respect the principle of cultural diversity:
▫ The multiple perspectives that exist with most global issues often are a reflection of different cultural belief systems.
▫ Each of our major cultural belief systems brings value-added to our search for solutions to the global issues we face.
▫ In building a sustainable values-based world community it is important to maintain respect for the world’s different cultural
traditions; to make an effort to bring together the leaders of these different cultural traditions who often have much in common
with one another; and to help leaders bring the best elements of their cultures to the task of solving global issues and building
world community.

63
▫ # 3 Responsibility to make connections and build relationships with people from other countries and cultures.
▫ Global citizens need to reach out and build relationships with people from other countries and cultures.
▫ It is quite easy to build global relationships. Most countries, cities, and towns are now populated with immigrants and people
from different ethnic traditions.
▫ The Internet offers a range of opportunities to connect with people on different issues. So even without traveling abroad
(which is a useful thing to do), it is possible to build a network of personal and group cross-country and cultural relationships.
▫ Building such networks help those involved better understand their similarities and differences and search for common
solutions for the global issues that everyone faces..

64
▫ #4 Responsibility to understand the ways in which the peoples and countries of the world are inter-connected and
inter-dependent:
▫ Global citizens have the responsibility to understand the many ways in which their lives are inter-connected with people and
countries in different parts of the world.
▫ They need for example to understand the ways in which the global environment affects them where they live, and how the
environmental lifestyles they choose affect the environment in other parts of the world.
▫ They need to understand the ways in which human rights violations in foreign countries affect their own human rights, how
growing income inequalities across the world affect the quality of their lives, how the global tide of immigration affects what
goes on in their countries..

65
▫ #5 Responsibility to understand global issues:
▫ Global citizens have the responsibility to understand the major global issues that affect their lives.
▫ For example, they need to understand the impact of the scarcity of resources on societies; the challenges presented by the
current distribution of wealth and power in the world; the roots of conflict and dimensions of peace-building; the challenges
posed by a growing global populations.

66
▫ #6 Responsibility to advocate for greater international cooperation with other nations:
▫ Global citizens need to play activist roles in urging greater international cooperation between their nation and others.
▫ When a global issue arises, it is important for global citizens to provide advice on how their countries can work with other
nations to address this issue; how it can work with established international organizations like the United Nations, rather than
proceed on a unilateral course of action.

67
▫ #7 Responsibility for advocating for the implementation of international agreements, conventions, treaties related to
global issues:
▫ Global citizens have the responsibility to advocate for having their countries ratify and implement the global agreements,
conventions, and treaties that they have signed..

68
▫ #8 Responsibility for advocating for more effective global equity and justice in each of the value domains of the
world community.
▫ There are a growing number of cross-sector issues that require the implementation of global standards of justice and equity;
for example, the global rise in military spending, the unequal access by different countries to technology, the lack of consistent
national policies on immigration.
▫ Global citizens have the responsibility to work with one another and advocate for global equality and justice solutions to these
issues..

69
Thank you for
listening!
😂😸❤
70
 At the end of this discussion the
Objectives students will:
• Determine the meaning of
global citizenship.
• Identify the meaning of being
a global citizen.
• Advantage and dis advantage
of global citizenship.
• Ways on how to be a good
global citizenship.
• Why global citizenship
education needed?
 • Legal status.
Citizenship • Identification with the state.
• Sense of belonging to a
community.
• Membership as equal as
among others.
 • It is a way of living that recognizes
our world is an increasingly complex
Global web of connections and
interdependence.
Citizenship • It is all about encouraging young
people to develop the knowledge,
skills, and values they need to
engage in the world.
‘’Education must be not only a
transmission of culture but also
a provider of alternative views
of the world and strengthener
of skills to implore them”
-Jerome S. Bruner
 A global citizen is someone who:

Awa re o f t h e w i d e r wo r l d
and has a sense of their Respect and values
own role as global diversity
c i t i ze n .
 Has an
understanding of Outrage by social
how the world works. injustice
Participates in and contributes
to the community at a range
Take action in
of levels from local to global meaningful ways.
 PROS OF BEING A GLOBAL CITIZEN

• Greater awareness of global issues and

challenges.
• Broaden horizons
 PROS OF BEING A GLOBAL CITIZEN

• Develop knowledge and expertise

• You participate in the community
• You become a problem - solver
 CONS OF BEING A GLOBAL CITIZEN

•Danger of social isolation if always online.

•Potential for taking comments online as factual
with little verification.
•Off topic content may not be appropriate.
•Risk of trolling
 CONS OF BEING A GLOBAL CITIZEN

• People feel disconnected and alienated

from the global governance arena,
making it difficult to build a sense of
grass-roots community at the global
level.
WAYS ON HOW TO BE A GOOD GLOBAL CITIZEN

• Make greener choices

Recycling, reducing waste, energy saving, and water conservation all
lessen the impact on the environment.
Save energy by turning off lights, unplugging appliances when not
in use and buying appliances and lights with good energy ratings
and efficiency.
WAYS ON HOW TO BE A GOOD GLOBAL CITIZEN

• Learn a new language

Learning a new language means that you gain an appreciation
and insight into other cultures that you may previously not have
had. You become more aware of culture differences, why they
exist and the importance of respecting them.
Why is global citizenship education needed?
• It helps enable different people from different cultures connect and act
as one group together.
• Learners act effectively and responsibly a local, national, and global levels
for a more peaceful and sustainable world.
• Learners experience a sense of belonging to a common humanity, sharing
values and responsibilities based on human rights.
?
▫ According to the website of Word Population, the planet’s occupants would have reached 7, 714,578,923 by
the year 2019. With an estimated 1.07% growth in population from 2018, another grave issue is threatening
the human populace- hunger.

93
▫ In the Philippines, news about price increases in basic food commodity is plaguing the nation affecting each
and every one of its inhabitants. Images of how common Filipinos folks make ends meet are frequent topics
covered by the media and flashed in our daily television screens.
▫ The pagpag phenomenon, wherein a number of extremely poor groups “recycle” food scraps and use it for
personal consumption or for enterprise is part of these marginalized groups’ lives. For many, this kind of
lifestyle seems to be unbearable, but for some it is reality.

94
What is Food Security?
▫ More than just ensuring that there will be food to eat tomorrow.
▫ It is defined as the availability of food and one’s access to it.
Food Security includes:
1. Availability - is there enough for everyone?
2. Access - can it be reached efficiently?
3. Affordability - can it bought at a price that is reasonable?
4. Quality - is it edible?
5. Nutrition - is the food part of a balanced diet?
6. Safety - could the food harm health?

95
▫ According to the Food and Agricultural Organization, “food security exists when all people, at all times, have
physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life”.
▫ Basing on FAO’s definition, food security is not only about filling the stomach with food, but an important
element of it involves having nutritionally adequate and safe foods. Consequently, researches conducted
by the State of Food Security in the World reveals that Asia has the largest number of people growing
hungry each day.

96
▫ The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) states that household food security occurs when all of
the members of the unit have access to enough food for an active and healthy lifestyle.
▫ This entails that nutritionally acceptable and safe foods are readily made available and acquiring these are
made through socially accepted methods and not attained through food scavenging, stealing and the likes.

97
▫ To put it simply, a family is food
secure when they are able to pay
for and obtain nutritious foods
hence they do not have to live in
fear of starvation and hunger.
▫ The definition strongly urges people
to shy away from consumption of
emergency food supplies such as
instant noodles unless totally
deemed necessary like during
calamities and other natural
disasters.

98
▫ A number of researches
spearheaded by international food
insecurity organizations shows that
statistically speaking, almost 900
million people all over the globe do
not have enough to eat meaning
one in every four people
experience hunger and starvation.
▫ With the growing number of people
experiencing food insecurity, this
matter is no longer deemed as a
developed-developing world issue-
it is everyone’s concern. We are all
affected.

99
▫ Elements of Food Security
▫ In accordance with the recommendation of
the WHO, there are three important elements
involved in food security.
▫ The 1st aspect is about the availability of
food, this element demands having adequate
supply of quality food on a steady and reliable
basis.
▫ Moreover, this component concerns itself with
providing measures and procedures to ensure
a continuous and undisrupted food supply
in spite of risk factors involving war, drought,
economic instability, and disease outbreaks
involving both livestock and crop production.
▫ These foods can be made available through
domestic production or importation from
foreign land which is usually resorted to by
communities incapable of producing their
worn supply due to several constraints like
lack of fertile soil, climate disruption and
inadequacy of man power to engage in
agricultural labor. 100
▫ Studies show that there is a direct relationship between poverty and food security. This bring us to the 2nd aspect of food
security which is access to food. In a highly commercialized world, almost every commodity comes with a price tag
separating the population between the haves and have-nots.
▫ To become food secure means having enough resources to enable families to obtain proper foods leading to a healthy diet.
Family units with enough financial stability and resources stay clear of the threat to poverty guaranteeing their access to
available food in the market.
▫ Poor families however often become the victims of habitual hunger and are considered as the most vulnerable group during
food scarcity and famine. Factors contributing financial constraints resulting to inadequate access to food may include
unemployment, underemployment, or lack of income generating opportunities. It is such an intermingling of several factors
that no single remedy is enough to solution this problem.

101
▫ When financial resources aren’t enough to
access nutritious food required for a healthy
lifestyle, the tendency if for people to cut costs
and opt for a less nutritive selection of food
such as instant noodles, canned sardines to get
them by for a day.
▫ A very familiar scenario that is common to many
Filipinos struggling to feed members of their
household with a limited budget. This now leads
us to the 3rd aspect of food security which is
food utilization, safety and sanitation. Food
utilization signifies the proper use of food taking
into consideration the body’s needed vitamins
and minerals.
▫ Nutrition education increases the awareness of
the people with regards to the proper selection of
food items to be included in the daily meal plan.
Contaminated water and neglect for safe
practices in prepping of food leads to
gastrointestinal infections, diseases and in some
cases food poisoning.
102
▫ However, with the growing awareness and
realization that the world’s resources are
finite and milking it dry to the bones will be
the detrimental for our race, another
aspect of food security comes into play.
▫ This element looks into the element of the
environmental stability which basically
concerns itself with status of our ecology.
▫ Pressures are rising all over the world as
finite resources become smaller by the
hour posing problems to the production
of food.
▫ Ultimately, it boils down to measures being
planned and implemented by the
international organizations to mitigate the
cases and effects of pollution, climate
change and overpopulation to our food
supply.

103
▫ Challenges to Global Food Security
▫ Global Food Security is huge problem that concerns each and every one of us. Today, we might be confident that we won’t
get affected by food shortages experienced by other countries. But who knows?
▫ Nowadays, anything is possible. The most unthinkable circumstances are quickly becoming part of our reality. Food
availability is not exempted from among these possibilities.
▫ In a results in a study conducted in 2013 by the FAO, reveals that Sub-Saharan Africa has the largest prevalence of hungry
people. Another study made by the WHO in 2012 shows that one in every 6 children is suffering from malnutrition and are
underweight. These are but few of the numerous contemporary issues plaguing the world today.

104
a. WATER CRISIS
▫ Decline in the availability of fresh water caused by demand, over irrigation, over-pumping and massive pollution brought about
by irresponsible chemical waste disposals of factories and other manufacturing agencies.
▫ The poorest areas of the globe experience disproportionate share of water-related problems. The problem is further intensified
by the consumption of “virtual water,” wherein people inadvertently use up water from elsewhere in the world through the
consumption of water-intensive products
▫ The destruction of the water ecosystem may lead to the creation of “climate refugees, people who are forced to migrate due
to lack of access to water or due to flooding”

105
b. CLIMATE CHANGE
▫ The frequent changes in climate patterns and
remarkable increases in temperatures tend to
have a catastrophic effect on the harvested
crops, supplementary land and water resources.
▫ Miles and miles of fertile land are now a barren
incapable of sustaining produce decreasing
food supply that could be distributed to feed the
population.
▫ Typhoons and similar catastrophes flood rice
fields washing away most of the crops and
rendering them inedible for the human populace.
Extreme changes in temperature results to
massive fish kills affecting the harvest of fisher
folks. Poultry, seafood, and other forms of
livestock cannot escape the crutches of drought
caused by climate change- again reducing food
availability for the people. Food supplies move
at a downward spiral motion but the demand for
it continues to rise.
106
c. LAND DEGRADATION
▫ Innovation, ingenuity, and the advent of technology gave birth to a lot of proposed solutions to bridge the widening gap
between the supply and demand of food.
▫ Intensive farming modernization processes promising high yields became the new trend for food production. But as with
anything ese, success comes with a price. Fertile lands become exhausted because of an unending cycle of production.
▫ The use of gallons of chemical pesticides poison the land. Mankind has mastered the art exploiting the land for maximum
profit without talk a step back and asking themselves what is the true cost for all these advancements.

107
d. GREEDY LAND DEALS
▫ Corporations purchase millions of acres of agricultural lands and convert them into commercial establishments such as
shopping malls, gasoline stations, and fast food restaurants.
▫ Agrarian lots allocated for food production are replaced with concrete structures rendering farmers powerless to use the
land for its original purpose.

108
e. ENVIRONMENT DESTRUCTION
▫ The challenges to food security can be traced to the protection of the environment. A major environmental problem is the
destruction of natural habitats, particularly through deforestation .
▫ Industrial fishing has contributed to a significant destruction of marine life and ecosystems
▫ Biodiversity and usable farmland have also declined at a rapid pace.

109
Sustainable Agriculture
 To produce high quality food which is safe
for human consumption.

 No negative impact on the soil and

environment.
FOUR ROUTES TO ACHIEVE A FOOD SECURE WORLD
1. Innovation, including a wide variety of technologies that are
appropriate.
2. Markets, that are fair and efficient.
3. People, who are central to driving and delivering agricultural
development.
4. Political leadership.

111
Thank you for
listening!
😂😸❤
112
▫ The lesson will discuss on the different goals to obtain sustained development which is a mandate to all
member states to be attained by 2030.
▫ Sustainable development may simply means search for progress in quality of life, development of services,
enough provision of supply and goods.
▫ However, a sustained development may be reach only if there is permanence to its status of development
but with no unmanageable economic movement, high inflation and most importantly the destruction of our
environment that causes climate change and similar catastrophes.

114
▫ Stability from Sustainability
▫ The International Monetary Fund (IMF) describes stability as “avoiding large swings in economic activity,
high inflation, and excessive volatility in exchange rates and financial markets. This definition refers to the
indexes, which describe the economy in short-term categories. That excessive highs and lows should be
avoided.”

115
▫ Stability from Sustainability
▫ Sustainable development has been defined in many ways, but the most frequently quoted definition is from
Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report: “Sustainable development is development is
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs”.

116
▫ We have now reach the time where we are no longer free to expand and exploit resources.
▫ It is no longer an earth which can deliver unlimited goods and can adopt unlimited pollution.

117
▫ The solution was found in increased productivity of agriculture to guarantee food production and
consumption.
▫ The strong countries take responsibility and established themselves as powerful factors in domestic and
energy policy, and take global actions against climate change.
▫ But their effectiveness is not very high, among them particularly are the developing economies.
▫ The rich countries can always shift its unclean production abroad to other, usually poorer countries without
sacrificing their usual mode of enjoyment and consumption of goods and services.

118
▫ Each of the 17 Sustainable Development (SDGs) has specific targets to be achieved by 2030.
▫ The goals and targets are universal, meaning they apply to all countries around the world, not just poor
countries.
▫ Reaching the goals requires action on all fronts- governments, businesses, civil society and people
everywhere all have a role play.

119
▫ Sustainable development is an
approach to economic planning that
attempts to foster economic growth
while preserving the quality of the
environment for future generations.
▫ Despite its enormous popularity in
the last two decades of the 20th
century, the concept of sustainable
development proved difficult to
apply in many cases, primarily
because the results of the long term
sustainability analyses depend on
the particular resources focused
upon.

120
▫ The Sustainable Development Goals
are the blueprint to achieve a better
and more sustainable future for all.
They address the global challenges
we face, including those related to
poverty, inequality, climate,
environmental degradation,
prosperity, and peace and justice.
▫ The Goals interconnect and in order
to leave no one behind, it is important
that we achieve each Goal and target
by 2030.

121
▫ This Agenda is plan of action for people, planet and prosperity.
▫ It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom.
▫ We recognize that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the
greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.
▫ We are determined to take the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world on
to a sustainable and resilient path.

123
▫ They seek to build on the Millennium Development Goals and complete what they did not achieve.
▫ They seek to realize the human rights of all and to achieved gender equality and the empowerment of all
women and girls.
▫ They are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the
economic, social and environmental.
▫ The Goals and targets will stimulate action over the next 15 years in areas of critical importance for
humanity and the planet.

124
▫ 17 Sustainable Development Goals
▫ Goal 1: End of Poverty
▫ Economic growth must be inclusive to provide sustainable jobs promote equality.

125
▫ Goal 2: Zero Hunger
▫ The food and agriculture sector offers key solutions for development, and is central for hunger and poverty
eradication.

126
▫ Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being
▫ Ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well-being for all at all ages is essential to sustainable
development.

127
▫ Goal 4: Quality Education
▫ Obtaining a quality education is the foundation to improving people’s lives and sustainable development.

128
▫ Goal 5: Gender Equality
▫ Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful,
prosperous and sustainable world.

129
▫ Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
▫ Clean, accessible water for all is an essential part of the world we want to live in.

130
▫ Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy

131
▫ Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

132
▫ Goal 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

133
▫ Goal 10: Reduce Inequalities

134
▫ Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

135
▫ Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

136
▫ Goal 13: Climate Action

137
▫ Goal 14: Life Below Water

138
▫ Goal 15: Life on Land

139
▫ Goal 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

140
▫ Goal 17: Partnerships with the Goals

141
142
▫ Poverty is more than the lack of income and resources to ensure a sustainable livelihood.
▫ Its manifestations include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services,
social discrimination and exclusion as well as the lack of participation in decision-making.
▫ Economic growth must be inclusive to provide sustainable jobs and promote equality.

143
▫ Environmental Crisis as a dramatic, unexpected, and irreversible worsening of the environment leading to
significant welfare losses.

144
▫ The World's Leading Environmental Problems
▫ Pollution
▫ Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These harmful materials are called
pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human activity,
such as trash or runoff produced by factories. Pollutants damage the quality of air, water, and land.
▫ Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological
agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere

145
▫ Water pollution is the contamination of water sources by substances which make the water unusable for
drinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming, and other activities. Pollutants include chemicals, trash, bacteria,
and parasites.

146
▫ Land pollution refers to the destruction or a decline in quality of the earth's surface as a result of human
actions. This could include anything from mining to agriculture to building, and consequences may be
intentional or unintentional. Land pollution includes legacy pollution, illegal dumping and litter.

147
▫ Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with
ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them harmful to a degree. The source of
outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport, and propagation systems

148
▫ Soil Degradation
▫ Soil degradation is the physical, chemical and biological decline in soil quality. It can be the loss of organic
matter, decline in soil fertility, and structural condition, erosion, adverse changes in salinity, acidity or
alkalinity, and the effects of toxic chemicals, pollutants or excessive flooding.

149
▫ Global Warming and Climate Change
▫ Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth’s climate system observed since the pre-industrial period
(between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities, primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-
trapping greenhouse gas levels in Earth’s atmosphere.
▫ Climate change is a long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s
local, regional and global climates.

150
▫ Overpopulation
▫ Overpopulation is the state whereby the human population rises to an extent exceeding the carrying
capacity of the ecological setting. In an overpopulated environment, the numbers of people might be more
than the available essential materials for survival such as transport, water, shelter, food or social amenities.

151
▫ Natural Resource Depletion
▫ Resource Depletion occurs when the renewable and non-renewable natural resources become scarce
because they are consumed faster than they can recover. The term resource depletion is commonly
associated with water usage, fossil fuel consumption, trees and fishing.

152
▫ Waste Disposal
▫ Waste disposal- the collection, processing, and recycling or deposition of the waste materials of human
society. Waste is classified by source and composition.

153
▫ Deforestation
▫ Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land. Throughout history and into modern times, forests
have been razed to make space for agriculture and animal grazing, and to obtain wood for fuel,
manufacturing, and construction. Deforestation has greatly altered landscapes around the world.

154
▫ Polar Ice Caps
▫ Polar ice caps are melting as global warming causes climate change
▫ Melting glaciers add to rising sea levels, which in turn increases coastal erosion and elevates storm surge
as warming air and ocean temperatures create more frequent and intense coastal storms like hurricanes
and typhoons.

155
▫ Loss of Biodiversity
▫ The definition of biodiversity loss is described as the loss of life on Earth at various levels, ranging from
reductions in the genetic diversity to the collapse of entire ecosystems.

156
▫ Ocean Acidification
▫ Ocean acidification reduces the amount of carbonate, a key building block in seawater. This makes it more
difficult for marine organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form their shells and skeletons, and
existing shells may begin to dissolve.

157
▫ Ozone Layer Depletion
▫ Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of Earth's ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of
chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. The
thinning is most pronounced in the polar regions, especially over Antarctica.

158
▫ Acid Rain
▫ Power plants release the majority of sulfur dioxide and much of the nitrogen oxides when they burn fossil
fuels, such as coal, to produce electricity. In addition, the exhaust from cars, trucks, and buses releases
nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide into the air. These pollutants cause acid rain.

159
▫ Overfishing
▫ Overfishing is catching too many fish at once, so the breeding population becomes too depleted to recover.

160
▫ Urban Sprawl
▫ Urban sprawl can be defined as urban development with low-density housing, both residential and
commercial, segregated land-use, high level of automobile use combined with lack of public transport, which
is in high demand for land (Johnson, 2001).
▫ Urban sprawl is defined as "the spreading of urban developments on undeveloped land near a city".

161
▫ Genetic Manufacturing
▫ Genetic modification of food using biotechnology is called genetic engineering. Genetic modification of food
results in increased toxins and diseases as genes from an allergic plant can transfer to the target plant.
▫ Genetically modified crops can cause serious environmental problems as an engineered gene may prove
toxic to wildlife. Another drawback is that increased use of toxins to make insect resistant plants can cause
resultant organisms to become resistant to antibiotics.

162
Thank you for
listening!
😂😸❤
163