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1200 - 1940
1200 - 1940
http://www2.lv.psu.edu/ojj/courses/ist-240/reports/spring2001/fa-cb-bc-k...
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1200 - 1940
http://www2.lv.psu.edu/ojj/courses/ist-240/reports/spring2001/fa-cb-bc-k...
Blaise Pascal The "Pascaline" as it was called, was very advanced for its time and thus went largely unused due to it being too complicated to operate. It used a series of dials that would be turned to represent the numerical values the user wished to add together, automatically carrying over numbers from one position to the next.
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1200 - 1940
http://www2.lv.psu.edu/ojj/courses/ist-240/reports/spring2001/fa-cb-bc-k...
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz Unlike Pascal, von Leibniz was able to successfully introduce an automatic calculator into the business marketplace of his day. Originally designed in 1673 and first built in 1694, the Leibniz Calculator had the ability to add, subtract, multiply, and divide. By using wheels placed at right angles which could be displaced by a special stepping mechanism, it could perform rapid multiplication or division. Just as with the Pascaline, the Leibniz Calculator required that the operator using the device had to understand how to turn the wheels and thus, know the "programming language" of the calculator.
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1200 - 1940
http://www2.lv.psu.edu/ojj/courses/ist-240/reports/spring2001/fa-cb-bc-k...
Leibniz Calculator
The Arithmometer
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1200 - 1940
http://www2.lv.psu.edu/ojj/courses/ist-240/reports/spring2001/fa-cb-bc-k...
Charles Babbage Powered by steam, the Difference Engine was designed to aid the calculation of mathematical, celestial, and navigational tables in hopes to reduce the number of lost ships at sea. It unfortunately had many downfalls, including the fact that it was a very specialized machine which could only be practically used to perform one calculation. In order to perform a different calculation, the gears would have to be changed, making it very impractical.
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11/21/2011 3:05 PM
1200 - 1940
http://www2.lv.psu.edu/ojj/courses/ist-240/reports/spring2001/fa-cb-bc-k...
11/21/2011 3:05 PM
1200 - 1940
http://www2.lv.psu.edu/ojj/courses/ist-240/reports/spring2001/fa-cb-bc-k...
from the machine to quickly change from one calculation to another. The theory of the Analytical Engine would however lead some to refer to Babbage as the "Father of Computing". Unfortunately, Babbage, like most programmers, suffered from a lack of documentation of his ideas and because of which the Analytical Engine wouldn't gain popularity until the 20th century.
Ada Augusta King, Countess of Lovelace She added to the pamphlet, her own notes which included such innovations as the subroutine (a set of reusable instructions), looping (running a useful set of instructions over and over), and the conditional jump (branching to specified instructions if a particular condition is satisfied). Like Babbage who had developed the idea of the Analytical Engine, Ada realized that machines someday might be built with capabilities far beyond the technology of her day. Because of her insight and new innovations she is considered to be the world's first programmer.
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1200 - 1940
http://www2.lv.psu.edu/ojj/courses/ist-240/reports/spring2001/fa-cb-bc-k...
Alan Turing While not using the practical technology of the era, Alan Turing developed the idea of a "Universal Machine" capable of executing any describable algorithm, and forming the basis for the concept of "computability". Perhaps more importantly Turing's ideas differed from those of others who were solving arithmetic problems by introducing the concept of "symbol processing".
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