Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data
The algorithm iteratively assigns each
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds
splitting existing clusters. It can be
into k clusters based on feature similarity.
data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.
Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,
anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.
Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning
Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data
The algorithm iteratively assigns each
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds
splitting existing clusters. It can be
down).
into k clusters based on feature similarity.
data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.
Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,
anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.
Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning
Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data
The algorithm iteratively assigns each
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds
splitting existing clusters. It can be
into k clusters based on feature similarity.
data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.
Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,
anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.
Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.
Unsupervised Learning

Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning that deals with unlabeled data.
The goal is to uncover the underlying structure or distribution in the data. Unlike
supervised learning, there are no explicit outputs to guide the learning process.

Common Algorithms:
1. **K-Means Clustering**: Groups data into k clusters based on feature similarity.
The algorithm iteratively assigns each data point to the nearest cluster centroid.
2. **Hierarchical Clustering**: Builds a tree of clusters by iteratively merging or
splitting existing clusters. It can be agglomerative (bottom-up) or divisive (top-
down).
3. **Principal Component Analysis (PCA)**: Reduces the dimensionality of the data
while retaining most of the variance. It identifies the principal components that
explain the most variance.
4. **Association Rules**: Discovers interesting relationships between variables in
large datasets. A common example is market basket analysis, which identifies
products frequently bought together.
5. **Autoencoders**: A type of neural network used for unsupervised learning of
efficient representations. They encode input data into a lower-dimensional form and
then decode it back.

Unsupervised learning is used in applications such as customer segmentation,

anomaly detection, and data compression.