Review Article

ChatGPT in academic writing: Maximizing its benefits and minimizing the

risks

Himel Mondal, Shaikat Mondal1

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This review article explores the use of ChatGPT in academic writing and provides insights on how to utilize Access this article online
it judiciously. With the increasing popularity of AI‑powered language models, ChatGPT has emerged Website:
as a potential tool for assisting writers in the research and writing process. We have provided a list of https://journals.lww.com/ijo
potential uses of ChatGPT by a novice researcher for getting help during research proposal preparation and
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DOI:
manuscript writing. However, there are concerns regarding its reliability and potential risks associated with 10.4103/IJO.IJO_718_23
its use. The review highlights the importance of maintaining human judgment in the writing process and PMID:
*****
using ChatGPT as a complementary tool rather than a replacement for human effort. The article concludes
with recommendations for researchers and writers to ensure responsible and effective use of ChatGPT in Quick Response Code:
academic writing.

Key words: Academic writing, artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, language model, writing assistance, writing
tools

Academic writing is an essential skill that plays a crucial role requirements of the intended audience or publisher. However,
in academic and professional success. However, writing a here are some common steps involved in the research writing
research paper is often a daunting task, even for experienced process. The steps are shown in a flowchart in Fig. 1.[6]
writers. It requires a substantial amount of time, effort, and
The first step of a research project is to find a unique research
skill to conduct research, organize ideas, and present findings
question or problem that has not been explored before. This
effectively.[1,2] As a result, many authors face difficulties during
question should be clear, concise, and relevant to the field
the research and writing process. Non‑native speakers face
of study.[7] The thought process of novice authors may be so
more challenges in writing in English.[3]
involved with minute details about the research that they may
With the recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), find difficulty in framing a clear research question.
ChatGPT has emerged as a potential tool for assisting writers in
The next step is to conduct a literature review. In this
the research and writing process.[4] ChatGPT is an AI‑powered
phase, researchers perform a comprehensive review of existing
generative language model that can generate human‑like
literature related to the research question or problem. This
text based on the input provided by the user. Its ability to
helps to identify if the question that came to mind is already
understand natural language and generate coherent and
answered or if there are gaps in the literature.[8] The research
relevant responses has made it an attractive option for writers
question can be modified accordingly. This step also helps in
looking to streamline their writing process.[5]
choosing the research methodology.
However, there are concerns regarding the reliability of
After finding the research gap, researchers find a suitable
ChatGPT and the potential risks associated with its use. This
methodology for the study. This includes selecting a sample
review paper aims to explore some features of ChatGPT that a
population, calculating the minimum requirement of sample
novice author can use for academic writing. We also discuss the
size, data collection methods, methods to reduce bias, and data
judicious use of the model to get maximum help for generating
analysis techniques. This is one of the most important tasks as the
scientific content.
whole study depends on choosing the appropriate methodology.[9]
Research Map In the next phase of research, the researchers collect data
The steps involved in research writing can vary depending from the sample. Here, the researchers need to write an
on the nature of the research project, the discipline, and the
This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution‑NonCommercial‑ShareAlike 4.0 License,
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non‑commercially,
as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under
Deoghar, Jharkhand, 1Department of Physiology, Raiganj Government
the identical terms.
Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India
Correspondence to: Dr. Himel Mondal, Department of Physiology, All For reprints contact: WKHLRPMedknow_reprints@wolterskluwer.com
India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand ‑ 814 152, India.
E‑mail: himelmkcg@gmail.com Cite this article as: Mondal H, Mondal S. ChatGPT in academic writing:
Received: 14‑Mar‑2023 Revision: 11‑Aug‑2023 Maximizing its benefits and minimizing the risks. Indian J Ophthalmol
2023;71:3600-6.
Accepted: 21‑Aug‑2023 Published: 20-Nov-2023

© 2023 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow

 December 2023 Mondal and Mondal: ChatGPT in academic writing
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Figure 1: A research map showing steps involved in the publication
process where novice authors may need help, from identifying the
research question to publication in a journal
easy‑to‑understand informed consent form.[10] This may also
involve conducting surveys, interviews, experiments, and
collecting data from secondary sources. While conducting a
survey, drafting the questions or making interview questions
and probes also requires expertise.
The next phase is data analysis. This may involve using
statistical software or other analytical tools. However, the
statistical output should be clearly stated so that the actual
meaning is understood by the audience.[11] Simplification of the
complex statistical result is also important for the dissemination
of the study results to common people.
After analysis and interpretation, researchers start
writing a research report or manuscript for publication. This
involves writing the research report, which typically includes
an introduction, literature review, methodology, results,
discussion, and conclusion. The report should be written in a
clear, concise, and organized manner, and should adhere to the
formatting and style requirements of the intended audience or
publisher. A quick guideline about the sections of a research
paper is found in the article by Mondal et al.[12] In addition to
writing the manuscript, researchers need to write a cover letter
to provide a glimpse of the research paper. This letter may be
the first thing the journal editor would see. Hence, it should be
written with utmost care to impress the editor with the novelty
and scientific vigor of the study.[13]
When the manuscript is sent to a journal, it is rarely accepted
as it is. One or more rounds of revisions are required in the
publication process. This involves revising and editing the
research report to ensure that it becomes more accurate, clear,
and well‑organized. Along with revising the manuscript, a
letter is also written to reply to queries raised by reviewers.
This is also an important task as reviewers are human and so
are biased to some extent; a letter with humility always wins
the hearts of the reviewers.[14]
Difficulty Faced
Authors often face several difficulties when preparing a research
protocol or writing a research article.[15] In Indian medical
undergraduate medical courses, research is rarely taught. Hence,
3601
after joining post‑graduation, students are suddenly exposed to
a research environment that may seem alien. Immediately after
joining post‑graduation, students are asked to submit a synopsis
of the research project or thesis. Many students might have heard
the term “synopsis” first time in their lives.
Novice authors may not have enough experience in writing
a research proposal or synopsis, which can make the process
seem overwhelming and confusing. They may find difficulty in
searching the literature and may end up with unclear research
questions. This is common for even experienced researchers.
Hence, the struggle to define a clear research question or
hypothesis is universal.[16] However, it is crucial for guiding
the research and writing process.
Furthermore, after studying too many subjects in preparation
for the entrance examination, a newly joined post‑graduate
student may have limited knowledge of the subject matter
they are writing about. This can make it challenging to conduct
research and synthesize information. The next problem is the
lack of adequate time or poorly managed time for research
work. The majority of Indian medical institutions have a high
patient load; as such, clinicians may face time shortages for
research work.[17]
When students start writing a synopsis or an article, it is a
new endeavor. They may be unfamiliar with the formatting
and style requirements for academic writing, which can lead
to errors and inconsistencies in the paper. In addition, almost
all medical journals are written in English. Hence, those who
are not native English speakers may face additional challenges
in expressing their ideas clearly and concisely in English.[18]
Furthermore, authors may not have access to the necessary
resources, such as research databases (e.g. Scopus and Embase)
or specialized software (e.g. SPSS), which can limit their ability
to conduct thorough research. Moreover, they may not get
sufficient feedback from their peers or mentors, which can
hinder their ability to improve their writing skills and produce
high‑quality research.
These difficulties can make the research and writing process
challenging for novice authors. However, with guidance and
support, they can overcome these challenges and produce a
high‑quality research article. In this context, AI may help a lot
in gliding through the journey of a research cycle.[19]
Solution with CHATGPT
ChatGPT, as a large language model trained by OpenAI,
has proven to be a powerful tool for research and academic
writing. Its ability to generate human‑like text, answer
questions, and summarize information has made it a valuable
resource for researchers and academics across a wide range
of disciplines. ChatGPT can assist in tasks such as literature
review, data analysis, and even writing entire sections of
academic papers. Furthermore, it can help scholars save
time and energy by generating ideas, providing summaries,
and offering suggestions for further research. As ChatGPT
continues to improve and evolve, it is likely to become an
increasingly important tool for researchers and academics in
the years to come.[20] In this section, we discuss its potential
use by novice researchers and authors. Some of the capability
and related examples of prompts we checked are enlisted in
Table 1 and described briefly below.
 3602 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Volume 71 Issue 12

Table 1: Components of research map and related example prompts

Component of research
Research question
Hypothesis
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Prompt
Write the research question of the study titled “Comparative study of large language models in writing a case
report in ophthalmology”
Write the hypothesis of the research article titled “Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Artificial Intelligence in
Writing Research Articles Between Residents and Faculties of Ophthalmology.”

Literature search
References
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Write a literature review for the study highlighting the importance of research writing, the difficulty faced
by Indian doctors in writing a research article, the application of AI in research writing, and why assessing
knowledge, attitude, and practice between residents and faculties is important.
Write a paragraph of text about the “Influence of gut microbiota on eye diseases” with four references to
journal articles.

Select methodology I would like to conduct research to test the effect of drug X on treating diabetic retinopathy. What study
method would be appropriate for the study?
Sample size In a nationwide survey for assessing the perception of medical students about the use of AI in ophthalmology,
how many research participants to recruit if the total number of students in India is 105000, the confidence
level is 95%, and the margin of error is 5%?
Data collection Write an informed consent form in English for recruiting participants for research on screening of refraction
errors. The language should be understandable by 6th‑grade students.
Data analysis What statistical tests would be appropriate to compare a continuous variable between males and females
when the data is not normally distributed?
Result interpretation Interpret the result presented in the table and write a paragraph with major findings. [Table copied from MS
Word file and pasted]
Writing Title Write three titles of a research paper where researchers would like to assess the accuracy of three AI‑based
drafting screening devices to detect diabetic retinopathy in comparison with the gold standard in a rural hospital
situated in the eastern part of India.
Abstract Write an unstructured abstract of 250 words for the study titled “A narrative review on applicability of AI rural
healthcare in India” with an emphasis on disease screening, early diagnosis, and referral.
Introduction Write an introduction of a research paper titled “Accuracy of a non‑invasive home glucose monitor for
measurement of blood glucose” describing the importance of home glucose monitoring, the necessity of
a non‑invasive glucose monitor, and why the accuracy of market device needs surveillance accuracy.
Methodology Write materials and methods of a research paper in the following subsections: Study type and setting, sample
size calculation, participants and recruitment process, tools used in the study, data collection, statistical
analysis, and ethics for the study where researchers aimed to assess knowledge, perception, attitude, and
practice of self‑directed learning by YouTube videos for cataract surgery among postgraduate students. The
sample was 40 students from a single institute, a convenience sample. An online survey was conducted
on Google Forms. A questionnaire was developed for this study with 10 questions each for knowledge,
perception, attitude, and practice. It was pilot‑tested.
Result Write in a paragraph the summary of the result in the table below: [Table data]
Discussion Despite having a positive attitude toward AI in ophthalmology, the practice is very low. Write potential reasons
for the finding.
References Covert the following reference in APA style “[reference]”
Grammar Correct grammar and punctuation of the text: [Text]
Paraphrase Paraphrase the text: [Text]
Simple language Write a plain language summary so that a child in 6th standard can understand the text: [Text]
summary
Keywords Find 10 keywords from the abstract below. [Abstract text]
Cover letter Write a cover letter to the editor for submission of a research paper titled “ABC” explaining the importance and
implication of the study in improving healthcare delivery.
Revision Text revision Rewrite the text to make it easier to understand.
Rebuttal letter Write a rebuttal letter to the editor for submission of a revised manuscript to [Journal name] for the article
titled “[article title]” where we have addressed all the comments by the reviewers except the one that asked
for an example of a case report. Start with thanking the editor and reviewers for their effort in editing and
reviewing.
Copy editing Correct only the grammar and punctuation of the provided text: [Text]
Research promotion Write a catchy social media post for promotion of the article titled “ChatGPT in academic writing: Maximizing
its benefits and minimizing the risks”

Research concept ChatGPT can suggest some relevant topics based on your area
The most difficult task perhaps in a research cycle is the of interest. It is important to remember that this language model
selection of a research topic that is novel and feasible to conduct. may not always provide novel ideas but can help generate
 December 2023 Mondal and Mondal: ChatGPT in academic writing
some for further consideration and modification. An example
of such a question is shown in Fig. 2. As ChatGPT remembers
the previous conversations, authors can continue chatting
with threaded questions. For example, after generating some
research titles as shown in Fig. 2, one can ask to “write in detail
about the third proposal.” Researchers need not worry about
asking grammatically correct questions. It can understand the
questions like a human does.
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Hypothesis generation
When the research title is provided to ChatGPT, it can synthesize
the components in the title and provide the related hypothesis.
However, the title should contain the most important tenets
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of the study; otherwise, it may provide the wrong hypothesis.
Literature review
Perhaps the domain where ChatGPT can help authors at a
large scale is the literature review. With its vast knowledge
base and ability to comprehend natural language, ChatGPT can
quickly access numerous academic papers, books, and articles
to identify relevant sources to write text for a topic. However,
specific keywords or research topics should be provided for
efficient output. In addition, ChatGPT can suggest new angles
or lesser‑known studies to enrich the literature review. For a
better response, authors may divide the topic of the literature
review into several segments and get the text generated for
each segment at a time and then combine those. In many cases,
ChatGPT starts providing text with bullets or numbering. In
those cases, ask ChatGPT to “write the text in a paragraph.” It is
important to remember that the literature may not be updated
as the training data of the AI may be old.[21]
Generating references
The literature review is never complete without citing the
source of the text. However, the generation of references
from a language model is risky as it often provides fictitious
references.[22] Furthermore, ChatGPT’s responses are based
on its training data, and it does not have real‑time access to
current databases or sources to verify references. Therefore, it
is essential to manually verify and cross‑check any references
provided by ChatGPT before using them in academic or
research work to ensure their accuracy. For the example in
Table 1, two references were correct and the other two were
incorrect.
Selecting methodology
Based on the research objectives, ChatGPT can suggest the
most suitable study design that can best address the research
questions and provide the desired outcomes. It can explain
various types of research designs, such as experimental,
correlational, cross‑sectional, longitudinal, and qualitative
approaches. It can provide insights into the strengths,
weaknesses, and appropriate contexts for each design.
Sample size
One of the challenging tasks for the majority of the researchers
is the calculation of the sample size. If the relevant information
is provided, it can calculate the sample size along with the
steps of calculation and details of the formula used. However,
we observed that although the formulas were correct, some
calculations were wrong. Hence, the calculations should
be checked when finally using it in the synopsis, thesis, or
research paper.
3603
Data collection
Although language models may not help in data collection
directly, they can help generate content used for data collection.
They can help in writing an informed consent form for research.
If the attributes are provided, they can draft a questionnaire for
a survey. In addition, they can translate the questionnaire or
consent form into various languages such as Hindi, Spanish,
French, German, Japanese, and Chinese. It is also capable of
translating regional languages such as Assamese, Bengali,
Kannada, Odia, Tamil, and Telugu. However, those translations
are not accurate and need further modification for use in a
consent form or any other material used for research purposes.
Data analysis
After data collection, researchers generally use a spreadsheet
to store the data and conduct descriptive statistical tests to
find the central tendency of the data.[23] In this phase, ChatGPT
can help generate Excel formulas that can be copied and used.
Those who are not aware of the basic inferential statistics that
can be computed in Excel can get the idea to run tests such as
t‑tests, and Pearson correlation. Hence, ChatGPT can help in
data analysis in Excel. In addition, those who are using SPSS
or other statistical software packages and want guidance for
any statistical test method can ask ChatGPT. As a trained
language model, ChatGPT is a good option for analyzing the
text for sentiment or finding themes from the text in qualitative
data analysis.
Interpretation
Result interpretation, although not a daunting task, many
novice authors find difficulty in writing to convey the findings
effectively. After researchers have conducted their data
analysis, ChatGPT can assist in making sense of the findings
by providing detailed explanations and insights. In addition,
ChatGPT can answer specific questions about the research
findings, assist in summarizing key points, and even suggest
possible avenues for further investigation.
Manuscript drafting
Title: The title of a research paper should be catchy to attract
readers by providing the whole research expressed in a line.
ChatGPT has the capability of generating a title if the study
details are provided. In addition, authors can get alternative
title suggestions and choose the most appropriate one from
the alternatives.
Abstract: The abstract is the next part of a published paper
where the research is summarized in approximately 250–350
words. ChatGPT can help write the outline of the abstract,
whether structured or unstructured. It can efficiently write the
abstract if the exact prompt is provided, especially the sample and
methodology details and key findings from the analyzed data.
Keywords: ChatGPT can generate the keywords from the
abstract of a research paper. However, it may not provide
keywords according to Medical Subject Headings, which is a
criterion of the majority of the journal for better indexing of
their articles.[24]
Introduction: The background of the study constitutes the
base of the study. Here, the authors need to provide the answer
to the question ‑ “Why was the study conducted?” along with
already available literature to provide a solid background.
ChatGPT can write the introduction as a single prompt.
 3604 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
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Figure 2: Response of ChatGPT to a request – “Provide some novel
research topics on diabetic retinopathy”
However, we suggest dividing the prompt into several parts
for better text output. Alternatively, clear instruction can be
provided in a single prompt as shown in Table 1. However,
this language model may not have updated literature as it is
not yet trained using real‑time data that comes daily from the
internet, biomedical databases, and journal websites.
Methodology: The overall methodology or an outline is
the next step. ChatGPT can assist in creating an outline for
a research paper. Main points such as sample size, method
of recruitment, and sample population can be provided to
get the methodology written in detail. In the methodology
of a research paper, many researchers face some challenges
in calculating the sample size. ChatGPT can suggest the
formula suitable for sample size calculation or can do the
calculations and provide the calculated values. In this section,
researchers need the highest input in their prompts to provide
all essential components to make ChatGPT understand the
study.
Result: It is a common practice to write the major findings
of the study in text format and provide tables and figures
presenting the major as well as minor findings. ChatGPT can
write the textual interpretation of the result presented in a table
and can summarize it.
Discussion: The discussion section of a study typically
includes the main findings, meaning or reason of the finding,
comparison with other studies, and novelty and limitation
of the study along with future direction. If the discussion is
not adequately written in one prompt, it can be divided into
subsections, and texts can be generated for each subsection and
compiled for the comprehensive discussion.
References: Although ChatGPT can generate references from
journal articles or books, its accuracy is very low. It may generate
fictitious references. If authors would like to find relevant literature
in addition to the literature they have, they can take help from
Journal/Author Name Estimator available at https://jane.biose
Volume 71 Issue 12
Figure 3: A social media post written by ChatGPT for the promotion
of an article
mantics.org. ChatGPT can also assist in formatting citations
and references according to the specific style guide required
for your research paper. For example, if a reference needs to be
changed from the NLM style to the APA style, it can be done
within seconds by ChatGPT.
Grammar: This is another segment where non‑native
speakers can benefit a lot from the language models.
ChatGPT can correct the grammatical errors of a given
text and improve the presentation of the text to bring more
clarity.
Paraphrasing: In many situations, authors need to
paraphrase the sentences of a part of the text to present
the message in a more coherent manner to avoid textual
plagiarism. From our personal experience, we suggest that
if authors need to present the concept in a better manner,
they can use ChatGPT. However, if the objective is to avoid
textual plagiarism, QuillBot (the free version allows checking
125 words at a time; users can check multiple times) available
at https://quillbot.com is a better alternative.
Plain language summary: Many journals require a plain
language summary of the study, which can be generated
using ChatGPT. The abstract can be submitted to ChatGPT,
and a prompt can be provided to generate a plain language
summary from the abstract. In addition, further instructions
can be provided to make it suitable for various levels of
learners.
Cover letter: The cover letter appraises the editor about the
research and gauges its suitability in the journal for publication.
It should be short yet coherent to inform the importance of
the study. ChatGPT can generate it for you. However, it may
generate a long letter if not prompted properly. Those who
are writing a cover letter themselves can use ChatGPT for
correcting grammar and/or paraphrasing sentences for fluency
and clarity.[25]
Manuscript revision
When a manuscript is rejected, it is revised either for
submission in the same journal or to other journals. From
our personal experience, we found that the majority of
peer reviewers comment about grammar and punctuation
errors. Hence, while revising, copy editing is a must, and
ChatGPT can help in correcting grammar and language
errors.
In addition, writing a rebuttal letter is a must in the
resubmission process. It is written by an author to respond to
the reviewers explaining how and where they amended the
 December 2023 Mondal and Mondal: ChatGPT in academic writing 3605

manuscript, clarify any misunderstandings, or justify why

reviewers’ suggestions were not addressed. Whatever may be
the content, the letter should thank the editor and the reviewers
for their effort in handling and reviewing the article. As this
letter contains a detailed tabular reply to individual comments,
a short description of points on what authors addressed (if not
addressed all) and what did not address is sufficient. The letter
can be generated by ChatGPT. Along with it, the textual reply
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to the comments of reviewers can be edited using ChatGPT for

grammar and presentation.
Research promotion
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After the publication of a research paper, authors can generate

text for social media posts or generate highlights of the paper
to share in social messenger with the link of the study. For
example, it can write a catchy Twitter (now known as X) post
with relevant emojis if the title of the paper is provided to it.
One such example is shown in Fig. 3.[26]
Precautions to Take
Although ChatGPT can be a useful tool for academic writing, it is
important to take precautions to ensure that it is used effectively
and responsibly. ChatGPT should be a complementary tool,
not a replacement for human effort. ChatGPT can assist in the
writing process; however, it is important to maintain human
judgment and critical thinking in the writing process. Authors
should not rely solely on ChatGPT to write a paper. ChatGPT
can sometimes perpetuate biases or inaccuracies, particularly
if it has been trained on biased data.
Figure 4: A guideline for using ChatGPT‑generated text on research
articles
Although machines are fascinating, they cannot replace
human judgment in academic writing. ChatGPT can provide
useful information and suggestions on various topics; however,
it cannot think critically and creatively in the same way that
humans can. Academic writing involves not only providing
accurate information but also interpreting that information,
evaluating it, and synthesizing it into a coherent argument or
analysis. These complex tasks may require human expertise
and judgment.[31,32]

The program does not take any responsibility for generated
content. Furthermore, while ChatGPT can suggest phrasing
and sentence structure, it is important to check the accuracy
and intended message in the sentence as literary accuracy and
scientific accuracy may differ.[27]
ChatGPT‑generated text may also have plagiarized content
with variations in the percentage, sometimes beyond the
tolerance level as it generates text from its training data. If
the text is of a common topic of interest and research in this
field has been conducted since a long time, the chances of
plagiarism may be high.[28,29] Hence, it is wise to check the
plagiarism of the text or idea when it is being used for a
research paper. We suggest the use of a model shown in Fig. 4
for judicial use of the ChatGPT‑generated textual content.
In addition, writers should be careful to properly cite all
sources and avoid copying and pasting text directly from
ChatGPT without proper attribution. Furthermore, writers
should ensure that any sensitive data is kept secure and that
they are aware of the legal implications of using ChatGPT
for academic writing.
There is some risk if confidential data is shared during a
conversation with ChatGPT or other AI‑powered tools. The
model is continuously being improved with user interactions
and may compromise intellectual property rights.[30] Hence,
data that need full security should not be shared with any
AI‑powered tool. In addition, any research‑related work should
not be done on public computers, which are at risk of being
misused. This is true for ChatGPT too. It is recommended to
use ChatGPT in a secure environment that is not vulnerable
to hacking or data breaches.
Many authors may have a question about whether the use
of AI in writing an article is allowed in academia.[33] Before the
rise of LLMs, many authors used to take the help of medical
writers or companies to write the draft on their behalf; this is
well accepted in academia. However, authors need to clearly
mention why and to what extent the help was taken from
whom. Such service providers used to charge a hefty fee for
the task. Now, LLMs can help authors who cannot afford
third‑party writing services. The only matter is that the authors
need to take responsibility of the text.
Conclusion
ChatGPT has emerged as a potentially revolutionary tool for
academic writing. It can increase efficiency and accuracy and
can assist writers in producing high‑quality research papers.
However, it is important to recognize the potential risks
associated with its use and take appropriate precautions to
mitigate these risks. To ensure this, it is crucial to maintain
human judgment and critical thinking in the writing process
and to use ChatGPT as a complementary tool rather than a
replacement for human effort. By using ChatGPT responsibly,
researchers and writers can take advantage of its benefits while
avoiding its potential pitfalls and contributing to the ongoing
evolution of academic writing. However, excessive use of AI
in writing would alter the cognitive abilities of humans. As an
example, it was fascinating to write letters to family, friends,
and even pen‑friends to express love, care, and affection in
the bygone era. How many young individuals of the present
era can or have written a letter on paper to communicate with
friends or families? The answer points toward the future of
medical writing!
 3606 Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
Acknowledgement
We thank Sarika Mondal and Ahana Aarshi for sacrificing
their family time during the preparation of this manuscript.
We also thank Dr. Amita Kumari and Dr. Pradosh Sarangi
for their continuous encouragement for writing this article.
We acknowledge the help of ChatGPT (free research version
of GPT‑3.5, May 20 version, accessed on 28‑07‑2023) and
Downloaded from http://journals.lww.com/ijo by BhDMf5ePHKav1zEoum1tQfN4a+kJLhEZgbsIHo4XMi0hCywCX1AWn
Grammarly (free plugin for browsers) for correction of
grammar and improving the presentation.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
YQp/IlQrHD3i3D0OdRyi7TvSFl4Cf3VC1y0abggQZXdtwnfKZBYtws= on 03/24/2024
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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