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(Download PDF) Digital Health in Focus of Predictive Preventive and Personalised Medicine Lotfi Chaari Online Ebook All Chapter PDF
(Download PDF) Digital Health in Focus of Predictive Preventive and Personalised Medicine Lotfi Chaari Online Ebook All Chapter PDF
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Advances in Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine
Series Editor: Olga Golubnitschaja
Digital Health in
Focus of Predictive,
Preventive and
Personalised
Medicine
Digital Health in Focus of Predictive, Preventive
and Personalised Medicine
Advances in Predictive, Preventive and
Personalised Medicine
Volume 12
Series Editor:
Olga Golubnitschaja
Excellence Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn,
Bonn, Germany
Editorial Board
Babak Baban, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
Rostylav Bubnov, Clinical Hospital ‘Pheophania’ of State Affairs Department,
Kyiv, Ukraine
Vincenzo Costigliola, European Medical Association, Brussels, Belgium
Godfrey Grech, University of Malta Medical School, Msida, Malta
Mahmood Mozaffari, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
Paolo Parini, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Friedermann Paul, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Byong Chul Yoo, National Cancer Center, Goyang-Si, Korea (Republic of)
Xianquan Zhan, Central South University, Changsha, China
Russell J. Andrews, Nanotechnology & Smart Systems Groups, NASA Ames
Research Center, Aerospace Medical Association, Moffett Field, CA, USA
Holger Fröhlich, Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology
(B-IT), University of Bonn, AI & Data Science Group, Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer
SCAI, Bonn, Germany
Suzanne Hagan, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
Yoshihiro Kokubo, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
Kurt Krapfenbauer, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Halina Podbielska, Wrocłsaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław,
Poland
R. Andrew Tasker, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
Christine Nardini, University of Bologna and Verona, Cryolab and Diatheva, Italy
Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Pavol Zubor, National Institute of Oncology, Oslo, Norway
Lotfi Chaari, Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, Sakiet
Ezzit, Tunisia
Jiri Polivka Jr., Department of Histology and Embryology, Biomedical Centre,
Faculty of Medicine in Plzeň, Plzeň, Czech Republic
Silvia Mandel, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
Carl Erb, Private Institute of Applied Ophthalmology, Berlin, Germany
Wei Wang, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth,
WA, Australia
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10051
Lotfi Chaari
Editor
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
What This Book Series Is About
For many acute and chronic disorders, the current healthcare outcomes are con-
sidered as being inadequate: global figures cry for preventive measures and per-
sonalised treatments. In fact, severe chronic pathologies, such as cardiovascular
disorders, diabetes and cancer, are treated after onset of the disease, frequently
at near end stages. Pessimistic prognosis considers pandemic scenario for type 2
diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disorders and some types of cancer over the
next 10–20 years followed by the economic disaster of healthcare systems in a
global scale.
vii
viii What This Book Series Is About
PPPM is the new integrative concept in healthcare sector that enables to predict
individual predisposition before onset of the disease, to provide targeted preventive
measures and to create personalised treatment algorithms tailored to the person. The
expected outcomes are conducive to more effective population screening, prevention
early in childhood, identification of persons at risk, stratification of patients for
the optimal therapy planning, prediction and reduction of adverse drug-drug or
drugdisease interactions relying on emerging technologies, such as pharmacogenet-
ics, pathology-specific molecular patters, subcellular imaging, disease modelling,
individual patient profiles, etc. Integrative approach by PPPM is considered as the
medicine of the future. Being at the forefront of the global efforts, the European
Association for Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (EPMA, http://
www.epmanet.eu/) promotes the integrative concept of PPPM among healthcare
stakeholders, governmental institutions, educators, funding bodies, patient organ-
isations and public domain.
Current book series, published by Springer in collaboration with EPMA,
overview multidisciplinary aspects of advanced biomedical approaches and
innovative technologies. The integration of individual professional groups into
the overall concept of PPPM is a particular advantage of this book series. Expert
recommendations focus on the cost-effective management tailored to the person
in health and disease. Innovative strategies are considered for standardisation of
healthcare services. New guidelines are proposed for medical ethics, treatment of
rare diseases, innovative approaches to early and predictive diagnostics, patient
stratification and targeted prevention in healthy individuals, persons at risk,
individual patient groups, subpopulations, institutions, healthcare economy and
marketing.
About the Book Series Editor
ix
x About the Book Series Editor
Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (3PM) is a new paradigm for both
bio/medical sciences and management of medical services created and promoted by
the expert groups of EPMA in early twenty-first century.
On the other hand, Information Technology (IT) comprises essential tools for
many aspects of societal organisation at individual and population levels, being
therefore instrumental for the development and implementation of advanced 3PM
concepts benefiting healthy individuals, patients, healthcare system, and the society
as a whole.
Potential IT/3PM benefits could be well exemplified by the current Covid-19
Pandemic challenge, when optimal policy-making decisions could be made only
by application of predictive IT algorithms for cost-effective targeted preventive
measures saving lives and considering the entire spectrum of socio-economical
issues related to this complex situation.
Contextually, this book addresses the IT-generated solutions for practical
implementation of 3PM concepts. It presents innovative methods, algorithms and
approaches which synergistically demonstrate a potential to advance 3PM concepts
and implementation. A spectrum of relevant IT solutions is considered such as
predictive and prognostic tools, health monitoring for targeted prevention, Internet
of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data analysis and personalisation
of treatment algorithms.
xi
Introduction
The history of medicine[1] is rich in important events and discoveries. For cen-
turies, medicine has regularly faced important challenges. Evolution has therefore
happened relatively to historical events, but also with respect to the practice method-
ology. Regarding events, there is no better example than the current Coronavirus
Pandemic, which is demonstrating that healthcare systems in both developed and
developing countries are not adapted to such situations.
In terms of practice methodology, medicine moved from Traditional (T) practice
to Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and then to Person-Centred
Medicine (PCM), Individualised Medicine (IM), Stratified Medicine (SM), Person-
alised Medicine (PM), and more recently Predictive, Preventive and Personalised
Medicine (3PM). 3PM is becoming today one of the main priorities of the European
Commission (EC) to solve current health challenges [2]. Although these challenges
are to a large extent due to population aging trends, chronic and severe diseases,
earlier considered as being linked to the elderly, nowadays occur more and more
frequently to younger generations, such as diabetes mellitus type 2, some types of
aggressive cancers and ‘young’ stroke, among others [3,4,5,6]. Contextually, inno-
xiii
xiv Introduction
3PM Meeting IT
Today, the paradigm of handling chronic diseases is facing a shift from reactive
to Predictive, Preventive and Personalised. Recent studies clearly established this
evidence in general [7] and specific chronic diseases such as heart failure [8].
This paradigm shift has been conducted by handling more patient-related data.
As most of today’s applications, these data may be of very large volumes. It
is mostly collected from sensors either related to people’s physiological state or
environment.
To analyse the generated data volumes, it is not possible any more to rely on
manual or operator-based tools. Hopefully, research during the last two decades in
the field of IT has led to the development of many automatic and efficient tools to
collect, process and analyse data. The 3PM community has therefore managed to
formulate unsolved problems to be investigated using IT tools [9, 10].
IT Meeting 3PM
On the other hand, IT has completely changed our lives. Starting from homes,
vehicles or even work and restaurants, we use IT tools throughout the day. On the
other hand, IT today is contributing to the understanding and monitoring of the
current Covid-19 Pandemic [11]. This allowed countries to adapt their prediction
and prevention strategies either through non-pharmacological interventions (NPI)
or personalised imagery-based testing [12]. 3PM is therefore being adopted as a
paradigm to handle both the pandemic and post-pandemic phases.
In the context of healthcare, IT has a lot offer, such as patients management
at hospitals, exploration tools like imagery, telemedicine, and data-driven clini-
cal decision systems (CDS). More recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being
investigated deeper despite the sensitivity of the medical field [13]. Specifically,
the AI community [8] has investigated solving 3PM problems. In parallel, similar
contributions in the field of 3PM have been made by other scientific communities
such as Internet of Things (IoT) [14].
This book addresses new contributions in the field of IT regarding 3PM.
It therefore contributes to document how IT is meeting 3PM to solve current
problems and give new perspectives for the future. The book’s content covers tools
serving personalised prediction, tools for diagnosis and prevention, monitoring,
visualisation, data analytics, AI and personalized medical systems.
Introduction xv
The reported original contributions have been presented to the second Inter-
national Conference on Digital Health Technologies (ICDHT 2019). This book
therefore provides one with a technical idea about future trends using IT tools for
3PM.
References
[1] Golubnitschaja, O., Baban, B., Boniolo, G., Wang, W., Bubnov, R., Kapalla, M., Krapfen-
bauer, K., Mozaffari, M.S., Costigliola, V: Medicine in the early twenty-first century:
paradigm and anticipation - EPMA position paper 2016. EPMA J. 7(23), (2016)
[2] Lemke, H.U., Golubnitschaja, O.: Towards personal health care with model-guided medicine:
long-term PPPM-related strategies and realisation opportunities within ‘Horizon 2020’.
EPMA J. 5(1), 8 (2014)
[3] Duarte, A.A., Mohsin, S., Golubnitschaja, O.: Diabetes care in figures: current pitfalls and
future scenario. EPMA J. 9(2), (2018)
[4] Kunin, A., Polivka, J. Jr., Moiseeva, N., Golubnitschaja, O.: “Dry Mouth” and “Flammer”
syndromes – neglected risks in adolescents and new concepts by predictive, preventive and
personalised approach. EPMA J. 9(3), 307–317 (2018)
[5] Golubnitschaja, O., Flammer, J.: Individualised patient profile: Clinical utility of Flam-
mer syndrome phenotype and general lessons for predictive, preventive and personalised
medicine. EPMA J. 9(1), 15–20 (2018)
[6] Polivka, J. Jr., Polivka, J., Pesta, M., Rohan, V., Celedova, L., Mahajani, S., Topolcan, O.,
Golubnitschaja, O.: Risks associated with the stroke predisposition at young age: facts and
hypotheses in light of individualized predictive and preventive approach. EPMA J. 10(1),
81–99 (2019)
[7] Seifirad, S., Haghpanah, V.: Inappropriate modeling of chronic and complex disorders: How
to reconsider the approach in the context of predictive, preventive and personalized medicine,
and translational medicine. EPMA J. 10(3), 195–209 (2019)
[8] Barrett, M., Boyne, J., Brandts, J., Brunner-La Rocca, H.P., De Maesschalck, L., De Wit, K.,
Dixon, L., Eurlings, C., Fitzsimons, D., Golubnitschaja, O., Hageman, A., Heemskerk, F.,
Hintzen, A., Helms, T.M., Hill, L., Hoedemakers, T., Marx, N., McDonald, K., Mertens, M.,
Müller-Wieland, D., Palant, A., Piesk, J., Pomazanskyi, A., Ramaekers, J., Ruff, P., Schütt,
K., Shekhawat, Y., Ski, C.F., Thompson, D.R., Tsirkin, A., van der Mierden, K., Watson,
C., Zippel-Schultz, B.: Artificial intelligence supported patient self-care in chronic heart
failure: a paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive and personalised care. EPMA
J. 10(4), 445–464 (2019)
[9] Fröhlich, H., Patjoshi, S., Yeghiazaryan, K., Kehrer, C., Kuhn, W., Golubnitschaja, O.:
Premenopausal breast cancer: potential clinical utility of the multi-omic based machine
learning approach for patient stratification. EPMA J. 9(2), (2018)
[10] Gerner, C., Costigliola, V., Golubnitschaja, O.: Multiomic patterns in body fluids: Technolog-
ical Challenge with a Great Potential to Implement the Advanced Paradigm of 3P Medicine.
Mass Spectrometry Rev. 195–209 (2019)
[11] Chaari, L., Golubnitschaja, O.: Covid-19 pandemic by the “real-time” monitoring: the
Tunisian case and lessons for global epidemics in the context 3PM strategies. EPMA J.
(2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-020-00207-0
xvi Introduction
[12] Xiaowei, X., Xiangao, J., Chunlian, M., Peng, D., Xukun, L., Shuangzhi, L., Liang, Y.,
Yanfei, C., Junwei, S., Guanjing, L., Yongtao, L., Hong, Z., Kaijin, X., Lingxiang, R., Wei,
W.: Deep learning system to screen coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia. In: arXive. 2020.
https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2002/2002.09334.pdf. Accessed 21 Feb 2020
[13] Davenport, T., Ravi, K.: The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare. Future
Healthcare J. 6(2), 94–98 (2019)
[14] Schreier, G.: The internet of things for personalized health. Stud. Health Technol. Inform.
200, 22–31 (2014)
Contents
xvii
xviii Contents
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
12 A. Henaien and H. BelHadj
Medecine User
Identification Sensor
Ontology Profile
Ontology Ontology
Ontology
Dataset
Reasoner
Engine
Pellet
DataSet Server API
Jena API
Knowledge Component Data Component
Controler
Models
Views
Application Component
Networking Component
Sensing Component