Allele frequency:

the proportion of a particular allele out of the total alleles in the population

Describe how natural selection could have brought about the different allele frequencies
at the two sites?

There is a genetic variation in both sites caused by mutation. The tolerance and non-tolerance
allele.

Each site has different selection pressures therefore the advantageous allele in each site is
different.

In site A the advantageous allele is non-tolerant and vice versa in site B.

In site A organisms which have the non-tolerance allele are more likely to survive and pass
on this allele to the next generation

In site A the allele frequency for non-tolerance will increase and tolerance allele frequency
will decrease.

This is called natural selection.

Suggest why bacteria adapt to changing conditions much more quickly than plants?

Reproduce much faster, therefore more selection pressure is bacteria such as antibiotics, large
pop meaning larger gene pool.

Method of measuring tolerance to copper in plants

Some grass plants are given copper and some other are not given copper.

All plants must be the same species.

Measure height of plants with a ruler every week for 2 months

Soil pH must be the same/ col of water/ con of minerals in soil/ temp/ light intensity/
humidity.

Use 10 plants for each condition and calculate mean and standard deviation.