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(Download PDF) Beyond 9 11 Homeland Security For The Twenty First Century 1St Edition Chappell Lawson Online Ebook All Chapter PDF
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BEYOND 9/11
The BELFER CENTER STUDIES IN INTERNATIONAL
SECURITY book series is edited at the Belfer Center for
Science and International Affairs at the Harvard Kennedy
School and is published by the MIT Press. The series
publishes books on contemporary issues in international
security policy, as well as their conceptual and historical
foundations. Topics of particular interest to the series
include the spread of weapons of mass destruction, internal
conflict, the international effects of democracy and
democratization, and U.S. defense policy.
edited by
Chappell Lawson, Alan Bersin, and
Juliette Kayyem
ISBN: 978-0-262-36133-0
d_r0
To the women and men who make
America’s homeland security enterprise work.
May they keep doing so.
Contents
Copyright
Preface
Abbreviations
Notes
Index
Contributors
About the Belfer Center Studies in International Security
About the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
Preface
This book grew out of two meetings at the Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer
Center for Science and International Affairs. The meetings brought together
a group of experts, mainly former officials at the Department of Homeland
Security (DHS) from the Obama and Bush administrations, to discuss the
future of America’s homeland security enterprise at a pivotal moment in its
evolution.
Seventeen years had passed since the formation of DHS, eighteen since
9/11, and a new president had recently assumed office. Border security and
immigration featured prominently on the Trump administration’s agenda,
and DHS agencies—principally Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)—had drawn extensive media
coverage, often negative. All told, the time seemed right for sober reflection
on how the government could and should go about securing the homeland.
Political controversies obscure the fact that most of America’s homeland
security enterprise is largely uncontroversial. Americans might disagree on
immigration policy, but few believe that anyone should be able to enter the
country whenever he or she wants, regardless of his or her intentions. People
might object to lines at airports, but no one disputes the need for aviation
security. And Americans generally believe that their government should
assist fellow citizens if hurricanes, earthquakes, or other disasters threaten
their lives and destroy their homes. When it comes to the nuts and bolts of
homeland security, the partisan divisions and political controversies that
figure so prominently in media coverage are usually absent or irrelevant.
What is extremely relevant is how good a job the government does at
executing these homeland security missions. Can it adjust to circumstances
that are very different from those immediately after September 11, 2001,
which led to the creation of DHS? Can it identify and respond effectively to
new threats—cyberattacks on critical infrastructure by criminals and foreign
enemies, devastating natural disasters, and evolving terrorism risks? Can it
communicate effectively with the American people about these different
threats and build the necessary partnerships to address them? In short, can
it do better? Political controversy must not be allowed to distract attention
from these pressing questions.
The purpose of this book is to answer them.
In assembling this volume, we received crucial editorial assistance from
Karen Motley, Rex Horner, and Sean Lynn-Jones of the Belfer Center. Ben
Rohrbaugh and Nate Bruggeman, affiliates of the Belfer Center’s Homeland
Security Project, provided extensive and extremely valuable feedback on all
of the chapters. We owe a special thanks to Tara Tyrrell, Project Coordinator
at the Homeland Security Project, for her management and coordination of
such a big project; Kate Searle of MIT’s political science department for her
keen editorial eye; Dan Pomeroy of MIT’s Policy Lab for his synthesis of the
writers’ workshops and subsequent help with policy outreach related to this
volume; and Benjamin Porter of Harvard University for his research
assistance. We are particularly grateful to the Mexico-based Grupo
Seguritech and its president, Ariel Picker, both for his financial support of
the project and for his insightful commentary at the first writers’ workshop.
Finally, we thank Robert Belfer, Renée Belfer, Laurence D. Belfer, Belfer
Center Director Ash Carter, Co-Director Eric Rosenbach, and the rest of our
colleagues for their support of the homeland security mission.
Un arguto vi scrive sotto questo commento, forse non luogo dal vero:
O felice me!
De Rich vide in uno de’ corridoi che menano nelle terme di Trajano
la dipintura a fresco d’un altare fiancheggiato da due angui e sotto
scrittavi la seguente iscrizione:
IOVEM ET IVNONEM ET DVODECIM DEOS IRATOS HABEAT
QVISQVIS HIC MINXERIT AVT CACARIT [142].
Dopo tutto, Pompei e le sue vie animate da popolazione e da
commerci dovevano essere ben belle! Piccola, ma leggiadra città:
angusta, ma piena di vita e di ricchezza!
«Pompei, scrive Bulwer, che ho non ha guari citato, era la miniatura
della civiltà di quest’epoca. Questa città racchiudeva, nella stretta
cerchia delle sue mura, un saggio di tuttociò che può inventare il
lusso a profitto della ricchezza. Nelle sue piccole ma eleganti
botteghe, ne’ suoi palazzi di breve dimensione, ne’ suoi bagni, nel
suo foro, nel suo teatro, nel suo circo, nell’energia e nella corruzione,
nel raffinamento e nei vizj della sua popolazione si riscontrava un
modello di tutto l’impero. Era un giocattolo da ragazzo, una lanterna
magica, un microcosmo in cui gli Dei sembravano pigliar gusto a
rifrangere la grande rappresentazione della terra e che essi si
divertiron più tardi a sottrarre al tempo per poi fornire alla sorpresa
della posterità questa sentenza e questa moralità: che nulla davvero
vi ha di nuovo sotto il sole» [143].
Una specialità offre Pompei, messa a raffaccio colle città moderne,
ne’ diversi archi di trionfo, che in più località si ritrovano tuttavia
sussistenti e ne darò qualche cenno.
Quattro ve ne sono nel foro, e il più grande di essi non ha che una
sola apertura ed è decorato dai due lati di colonne e di nicchie. Di
tutti questi ornamenti non rimane ora che dalla parte del Foro un
basamento di colonne a ciascun pilastro, nè sembrano essere stati
del miglior gusto; onde Bréton avesse giustamente a dire che si
attribuirebbero volontieri ad un’epoca di decadenza, se la data della
distruzione di Pompei non fosse conosciuta [144].
All’ingresso della via di Mercurio e di fronte al detto grande arco,
altro se ne scorge e pare che sovr’esso vi fosse una statua equestre
in bronzo dell’imperatore, Caligola o di Tiberio, se pure non possa
ritenersi d’Augusto, quando veramente si abbia qualche attinenza il
frammento d’iscrizione seguente:
. . . . STO . CÆSARI
PARENTI . PATRIÆ
Nell’asse del Foro, davanti i Tribunali, esisteva pure un arco e dalla
sua grande profondità si può argomentare che sovr’esso ci fosse
una quadriga, che Dyer suppone potesse essere del genio tutelare
della città [145].
Arco Trionfale alla via di Mercurio in Pompei. Vol. I. Cap. VII. Le Mura,
ecc.
En quatuor aras:
Ecce duas tibi, Daphni, duo altaria Phœbo [165];