% write a program to form Admittance And Impedance Bus Formation....

clear all;
clc;
n=input("enter no of buses=");
for i=1:n
for j=1:n
fprintf("enter the element of %d,%d =",i,j);
z(i,j)=input('=');
y(i,j)=1/z(i,j);
end
end
Zmatrix=z
ymatrix=y
Y(n,n)=0;
for i=1:n
for j=1:n
if i==j
for k=1:n
Y(i,j)=Y(i,j)+y(i,k);
end
else
Y(i,j)=-y(i,j);
end
end
end
Ybus=Y
Results :

enter no of buses=3
enter the element of 1,1 ==1
enter the element of 1,2 ==2
enter the element of 1,3 ==3
enter the element of 2,1 ==2
enter the element of 2,2 ==2
enter the element of 2,3 ==3
enter the element of 3,1 ==3
enter the element of 3,2 ==3
enter the element of 3,3 ==4
Zmatrix =
1 2 3
2 2 3
3 3 4
ymatrix =
1.0000 0.5000 0.3333
0.5000 0.5000 0.3333
0.3333 0.3333 0.2500
Ybus =

1.8333 -0.5000 -0.3333

-0.5000 1.3333 -0.3333
-0.3333 -0.3333 0.9167
% write a program for Y-bus matrix calculation in MATLAB

% Number of buses in the power system

numBuses = 3;

% Admittance matrix Y_bus initialization

Y_bus = zeros(numBuses, numBuses);

% Admittance values of transmission lines (between buses)

% Format: [From Bus, To Bus, Admittance]

transmissionLines = [

1, 2, 0.1 + 0.2i; % Example values, change as needed

2, 3, 0.05 + 0.15i;

1, 3, 0.15 + 0.3i

];

% Shunt admittance values of buses

% Format: [Bus Number, Shunt Admittance]

shuntAdmittance = [

1, 0.02 + 0.05i; % Example values, change as needed

2, 0.03 + 0.07i;

3, 0.01 + 0.03i

];

% Build Y-bus matrix

for i = 1:size(transmissionLines, 1)
 fromBus = transmissionLines(i, 1);

toBus = transmissionLines(i, 2);

admittance = transmissionLines(i, 3);

Y_bus(fromBus, toBus) = Y_bus(fromBus, toBus) - admittance;

Y_bus(toBus, fromBus) = Y_bus(toBus, fromBus) - admittance;

Y_bus(fromBus, fromBus) = Y_bus(fromBus, fromBus) + admittance;

Y_bus(toBus, toBus) = Y_bus(toBus, toBus) + admittance;

end

% Add shunt admittances to Y-bus matrix

for i = 1:size(shuntAdmittance, 1)

bus = shuntAdmittance(i, 1);

admittance = shuntAdmittance(i, 2);

Y_bus(bus, bus) = Y_bus(bus, bus) + admittance;

end

% Display Y-bus matrix

disp('Y-bus matrix:');

disp(Y_bus);

results:

Y-bus matrix:

0.2700 + 0.5500i -0.1000 - 0.2000i -0.1500 - 0.3000i

-0.1000 - 0.2000i 0.1800 + 0.4200i -0.0500 - 0.1500i

-0.1500 - 0.3000i -0.0500 - 0.1500i 0.2100 + 0.4800i

% write a program for Z-bus matrix calculation in MATLAB

% Y-bus matrix obtained from the previous code

Y_bus = [
0.12-0.4i, -0.1+0.2i, -0.02+0.2i;
-0.1+0.2i, 0.2-0.65i, -0.1+0.45i;
-0.02+0.2i, -0.1+0.45i, 0.12-0.65i
];

% Number of buses
numBuses = size(Y_bus, 1);

% Z-bus matrix initialization

Z_bus = zeros(numBuses);

% Calculate Z-bus matrix

for i = 1:numBuses
for j = 1:numBuses
if i == j
Z_bus(i, j) = 1 / Y_bus(i, j);
else
Z_bus(i, j) = -1 / Y_bus(i, j);
end
end
end

% Display Z-bus matrix

disp('Z-bus matrix:');
disp(Z_bus);

Results :

Z-bus matrix:

0.6881 + 2.2936i 2.0000 + 4.0000i 0.4950 + 4.9505i

2.0000 + 4.0000i 0.4324 + 1.4054i 0.4706 + 2.1176i

0.4950 + 4.9505i 0.4706 + 2.1176i 0.2747 + 1.4878i

% write a program for Load Flow Analysis using Gauss-Seidel Method for a
Three-Bus System

% Given Data
S_load = [50 + 20i; 40 + 10i; 30 + 5i]; % Complex power demand at each bus
Y_bus = [0.12-0.4i, -0.1+0.2i, -0.02+0.2i;
-0.1+0.2i, 0.2-0.65i, -0.1+0.45i;
-0.02+0.2i, -0.1+0.45i, 0.12-0.65i]; % Y-bus matrix

% Initialize variables
V = ones(3, 1); % Initial guess for voltage magnitudes
delta = zeros(3, 1); % Initial guess for voltage phase angles
max_iter = 100; % Maximum number of iterations
tolerance = 1e-6; % Tolerance for convergence

% Gauss-Seidel Iteration
for iter = 1:max_iter
V_old = V;
delta_old = delta;

% Update voltage magnitudes and phase angles for each bus

for i = 1:3
sum_V = 0;
for j = 1:3
if j ~= i
sum_V = sum_V + abs(V(j)) * abs(Y_bus(i, j)) * cos(delta(j) -
angle(Y_bus(i, j)));
end
end
V(i) = abs(S_load(i)) / abs(Y_bus(i, i)) - sum_V;
delta(i) = angle(S_load(i)) - angle(Y_bus(i, i) * V(i)) +
sum(delta_old);
end

% Check for convergence

if max(abs(V - V_old)) < tolerance && max(abs(delta - delta_old)) <
tolerance
disp('Convergence achieved.');
break;
end
end

% Display results
disp('Voltage Magnitudes:');
disp(V);
disp('Voltage Phase Angles (in radians):');
disp(delta);
RESULTS:

Voltage Magnitudes:

120.1196

75.2452

88.5233

Voltage Phase Angles (in radians):

1.0e+47 *

4.0632

4.0632

4.0632

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