The Concept Paper

ASSESMENT ON THE READINESS OF MUNTINLUPA CITY POLICE PERSONNEL ON RISK MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Background

INTRODUCTION

Risk Management has been defined as the identification, analysis, assessment, control, and avoidance of
minimizations, or elimination of unacceptable risk, Risk consists of both the threat (hazard) of an
extreme natural event, process, and vulnerability. To direct and control an organization about the risk,
risk management is a critical component in many organizations as part for the improvement and
achieving their goals, Managing risk requires an organization to engage in actuarial predictions that
affect planning and mitigating risk in the community. Failure to account the civil liability event such as
officer misconduct or mishandling of a public protest. Matthias Wicks (2017).

Establishing Risk Management makes the Philippine National Police recognize the primary risk
designated from each operation constituent from there, they can pursue to integrate the data and work
to conceive strategies and methods in administering various risks in the community. Risk is an
unavoidable aspect of lives of police officers' harmful effects may occur when risk involves potential loss
or injured, Risk Management is being used by the police to mitigate risk by analyzing trends,
establishing, controlling, and actively overseeing often predictable behavior and actions.

Muntinlupa Police Station, as part of the NCRPO a City Police Authority, is always guided by its mission
and vision of safeguarding and ensuring the community is safe against threats and risks. as one of the
biggest cities in the National Capital Region. That the Muntinlupa Police Station mission in 2030 is to be
a highly competitive police force providing efficient police officers and policy approach and service
through a collaborative partnership with the community under the rules of fairness, accountability,
integrity, transparency, and honesty.

Republic Act No. 8551 states that the Philippine National Police (PNP) shall be a community and service-
oriented agency responsible for the maintenance of peace and order and public safety. It shall be
organized to ensure accountability and uprightness in the police exercise of discretion as well as to
achieve efficiency and effectiveness of its members and units in the performance of their functions. One
of its four perspectives that are aligned to its mandates and functions as a safekeeping agency is working
in partnership with a responsive community at the National, Regional, and Local levels. These
communities must be involved in order to established a collective effort and achieved a "safer"
environment. However, numerous complaints from the community on the inaccessibility on the
presence of police personnel have been reported.

This reality triggers the researchers to offer this study entitled “Assessment on the Readiness of
Muntinlupa Police Personnel on Risk Management” to somehow call the attention of the authorities to
solve the prevailing problem.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Police Force of the Philippines traces back to the reigns of the pre-Hispanic lakan, datus, and sultans
on the islands were soldiers who served in the communities where people lived. With the arrival of the
Spanish rule and the introduction of the western law to the archipelago until 1868, personnel of the
Spanish army and local militias were tasked with the policing duties in local communities, together with
the Carabiniers in that year. The local branch of Civil guard was officially established by the order of the
Governor- General Carlos Marfa de la Torre y Nava Cerrada. Starting from a single division, during the
Revolutionary period it grew into a corps of military police with detachments in Luzon and the Visayas
and was notorious for its abuses against Filipinos.

In the beginning of American rule and the Philippine-American War, the Philippine Constabulary (PC)
was raised in 1901 as a National Gendarmerie Force for law enforcement, directly reporting to the
American government. At the same time, the Manila Police District came into existence as the
Philippines' first city police force and later police forces began to model the US departments

The Philippine National Police (PNP) originated from the Philippine Constabulary or the PC, was
inaugurated on August 8, 1901, establishing it as an insular Police Force under the American Regime. On
August 8, 1975, Presidential Decree no. 765 was issued, establishing the Philippine Constabulary
Integrated National Police or the PC/INP as the country’s National Police Force.

THEORETICAL BASIS

According to Malley's (2011) take on Neo-Liberalism theory or Risk Society, it is stated that risk
management is centrally increasing as a technique that is used to govern all manner of problems. Ulrich
Beck (1992-1997), a well-known German Sociologist, and Anthony Giddens, a well-known English
Sociologist, developed the concept of Risk Society. It is the grand theory of society itself, concerned with
the transition from the modern industrial society to a new era distinguished much more by technological
hazards, also called "Modernization Risk".

In the study of Covelo's' (2020) take on Risk Perception Theory, he stated risks are generally more
acceptable, worrisome, and fearful if perceived to have certain characteristics that society has
concerned with. These characteristics involve qualities such as familiarity, uncertainty, scope, origin, and
most important of all, the benefit. The level of concern among the public is the strongest whether the
situation is involuntary or not beneficial out of a person's control associated with the adverse outcomes.

According to Covello’s (2017) in his theory on Trust determination, he stated that trust is the most
powerful factor influencing how people make risk-related decisions. The more trusted the source of
information, the more acceptable will be the messages, messengers, and channels for acquiring
information. The public is no doubt the most influential factor when it comes to the police making a
moj.fj.ve on certain incidents or accidents.
PARADIGM

Figure 1.

The relationship between the level of readiness and assessment level of the respondents toward the
Risk Management Operation.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main objective of this study is to assess the readiness of Muntinlupa Police officers on risk
management. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions.

1. What is the Demographic Profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Educational Attainment

1.4 Years of Residency

2. What is the level of readiness of Muntinlupa Police Officers’ readiness in Risk Management

of Muntinlupa City in terms of?

2.1 Accessibility

2.2 Competence

2.3 Delivery Approach

3. What is the assessment level of the respondents to the Risk Management Operation of the

police officers in terms of?

3.1 Operational

3.1 Community Safety

3.3 Community Information

4. Is there any significant relationship between the level of readiness and the assessment level of the
respondents on risk management operations?

HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant relationship between the level of readiness and the assessment level of the
respondents on risk management operations.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Community. The community will benefit from the study especially the resident of Muntinlupa city, that
they will be able to assess the of quality of services they got from the police station of Muntinlupa City in
terms of the readiness of the Philippine National Police in their Risk Management Operation

School. Lyceum of Alabang will be, the one to benefits of this study which will serve as an additional
guide and reference for the students who will pursue and make research related to the researcher title,

Philippine National Police (PNP). In the area of this study, the police officer will benefit from this study
taking into consideration as well the present public perception of the Muntinlupa police on Risk
Management. Members of the Police Force may adopt the recommendations based on the assessment
resulted on the study to be proposed by the researcher. Initiate development programs involving the
goodness of the police in the perform are their of duties and police taking into consideration the
recommendation of this study well help the organization, specifically the Muntinlupa Police in improving
the policing system regarding risk management.

TECHNICAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms were defined according to how they are being used in this study.

Police Personnel. In this study it refers to the in-service PNP police officers of Muntinlupa City who are
in charge in the implementation of the risk management.

Philippine National Police (PNP). In this paper it pertains to the uniformed personnel who are tasked to
enforce the law, prevent and control crimes, maintain peace and order, and ensure public safety and
internal security with the active support of the community.

Police. These refers to the uniformed personnel who are likely a civil force of the National or Local
Government, responsible for the prevention, crime detection and the maintenance of public peace and
order in Muntinlupa City.

Readiness. In this endeavor, it is the state of being prepared to handle a situation and carry out the
proper sequence of actions
Risk management. In this study, it refers to the involvement, identifying, analyzing, and taking steps to
reduce or eliminate exposures to loss faced by an organization or individual. The practice utilizes tools
and techniques, including insurance to manage a wide variety of risks.

Risk. This refers to unavoidable circumstances that may occur in an unexpected time and situation.

CHAPTER 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter outlines the literature and studies related to research work. Literature and Studies are
presented from general topics to specific topics. The variables of the study, the synthesis of these
literature and studies are also provided at the end of this chapter.

The Demographic Profile of the Respondents Age

According to Valenzuela,Tamayo. (2022)in there study on the effects of police visibility which aims to
measure are identify the effect of police visibility and the problems encountered, which the group of the
respondents are from the age brackets of 26-35 years and 36-45 and age bracket of 18-25, years old
which from the have significantly response on the effects of police visibility where thy find it very
essential. which An action plan proses by the researchers enhance the police visibility in the densely
populated areas.

Sex

According to Stepler (2017) Police office experience on the job experience , show the significant gender
gap in attitudes on policing, Tactics aspect the female officer less likely than male that agreed that the
male officer had aggressive tactics Also revealed on the study that the male and female officer report a
similar range of emotion about the job, About 16 male and female officer say their job makes them feel
proud while half of male and female officer that feel frustrated. But 57 % of the male officer said they
have become more callous since taking job compared with 49% of female officers.

Readiness of Muntinlupa Police Personnel on Risk Management Delivery Approach

Szabo (2017) cited that law enforcement agencies have already collected ideas in risk management.
Szabo law enforcement has certain experience about the risk management of both front line and use of
strategic level in decision making. The studies result from the emphasis that the main ideas of risk
management analysis; instead of going into details with the single and practical solution used by law
enforcement organization, it would rather help stabilize the organization where the risk management
used are getting wider. Development solutions can provide a higher quality of effective elimination of
risks on an effective manner, the real motivation to use risk management systems. The stated methods
can assist risk analysis in order to save resources and allow organizations to regroup their means and
deploy the necessary objectives.

Accessibility

Police organizations serve vital roles in modern democratic societies, and ready access to their services
are essential components of functioning law and order. Yet, little attention has been given to the
analysis of police station geography, despite active debate in recent decades surrounding the closure of
police stations, both in Sweden (Ceccato, 2016).
CHAPTER 3

Research Design and Methodology

This chapter outlines the research design and methodology, including sampling, and population. It
covers the methods and procedures of research used in this study. It contains various types of research
designs used by the author's instrument techniques used in the collection and outsourcing of data, and
the statistical treatment applied.

Design and Methodology

Statistical Treatment

SOP's Statistical Tool

Frequency, Percentage
1. What is the Demographic Profile of the respondents

2. What is the level of readiness of Muntinlupa Police Officers’

readiness in Risk Management of Muntinlupa City? Mean and Standard Deviation (SD)
3. What is the assessment level of the respondents to the Risk
Management Operation of the police officers? Mean and Standard Deviation (SD)

Pearson r
4. Is there any significant relationship between the level of readiness
and the assessment level of the respondents on risk management
operations?