According to Batten et. Al (2017), Most people take satisfaction in how they look.

They may check themselves in the mirror, consider what outfits might look well on them,

and make an effort to feel and look their best. Adolescents have a reputation for giving

their appearance more care because their bodies are through rapid change. Teenagers

frequently experience self-consciousness about their appearance, especially during the

puberty-related changes.

Body Image. (2017). In D. Batten, P. Schummer, & H. Selden (Eds.), Human Diseases
and Conditions (3rd ed., Vol. 1, pp. 241-249). Charles Scribner's
Sons. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3630000049/GVRL?
u=phpsu&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=bd91da8a

According to the article by ENP Newswire (2023), young women in particular often

underestimate the significance of their looks and have negative body images, which

leads to them being unhappy with their shape and weight. Body image issues seem to

have a significant role in the development, maintenance, and recurrence of eating

disorders. Eating disorders can have major physical consequences, in addition to the

significant psychological load. They are linked, among other things, to cardiovascular,

metabolic, hormonal, and even fatal problems. There is a substantial chance of

recurrence with eating disorders, which are frequently long-lasting.

University of Groningen: Self-disgust fuels negative body image. (2023,

September 20). ENP Newswire,
NA. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A765929389/STND?u=phpsu&sid=bookmark-
STND&xid=53788cdd
 According to several research conducted in the province of Limpopo, women are

more prone than males to believe they don’t fulfill desirable weight standards. This most

frequently occurs in young adult females. They also show that young adults with poor

body image encountered difficulties due to lack of confidence and body comparison

(Prevos, 2016).

According to Batten et. al (2017), most people take satisfaction in how they look.

They may check themselves in the mirror, consider what outfits might look well on them,

and make an effort to feel and look their best. Adolescents have a reputation for giving

their appearance more care because their bodies are through rapid change. Teenagers

frequently experience self-consciousness about their appearance, especially during the

puberty-related changes.

According to the article by ENP Newswire (2023), young women in particular

often underestimate the significance of their looks and have negative body images,

which leads to them being unhappy with their shape and weight. Body image issues

seem to have a significant role in the development, maintenance, and recurrence of

eating disorders. Eating disorders can have major physical consequences, in addition to

the significant psychological load.

Women and girls are more likely than men to have distorted body images and

obsessions. According to studies from 2014, 41% of American females thought they

were overweight. Internet body-hatred is a real thing. Less time is now spent by

teenagers simply living their bodies as opposed to observing them. Children are

continuously exposed to images of themselves and others due to the prevalence of

 social media. Some girls who are 11 years old or younger suffer from serious eating

problems, which frequently result from incorrect body perceptions. J. L. Longe (2022)

Body Image. (2022). In J. L. Longe (Ed.), The Gale Encyclopedia of

Psychology (4th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 146-147).
Gale. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX8273700107/GVRL?u=phpsu&sid=bookmark-
GVRL&xid=31f5330f

According to Fortes et. al (2014), states that youth with low self-esteem are more

likely to be unhappy with their weight, physical appearance, and body shape. They may

also experience emotions of worthlessness and failure.

Women and girls are more likely than men to have distorted body images and

obsessions. 41% of American females thought they were overweight. Children are

continuously exposed to images of themselves and others due to the prevalence of

social media. Some girls who are 11 years old or younger suffer from serious eating

problems, which frequently result from incorrect body perceptions (Longe, 2022).

Negative body image is more likely in certain individuals due to specific

circumstances, such as close interactions with those who express negative self-talk,

and the formative years for long-term body image, particularly in late childhood and

adolescence. Bullying, larger body types, and perfectionist criteria can contribute to

poor body image. Scott, (2016).

Scott, M. L. (2016). Body Image and Eating Disorders. In B. W. Lerner & K. L. Lerner
(Eds.), Worldmark Global Health and Medicine Issues (Vol. 1, pp. 40-46).
Gale. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3628100015/GVRL?u=phpsu&sid=bookmark-
GVRL&xid=507c743c
 According to the article by Contify Life Science News, NA. (2023), due to the fast

physical and psychological changes that occur throughout adolescence, teenagers are

overly obsessed with their looks and behavior, and having a poor body image can result

in health problems like eating disorders. As a result, proper body image enhancing

instruction is required. The purpose of this study was to examine how middle school

students' body image and appearance stress were affected by a body image

improvement program based on the Body think program that was adapted to the school

environment.

South Korea Clinical Trial: Korea University Registers Clinical Trial to Study Effects of
BodyThink Program-Based Body Image Promotion Education on Body Image According
to Appearance Stress and Gender In Middle School Students. (2023, October
5). Contify Life Science News, NA. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A768466165/STND?
u=phpsu&sid=bookmark-STND&xid=8aded098

Body image can also influence a person’s commitment to physical activity.

Feeling self-conscious or uncomfortable about one’s appearance, body size or shape

can cause women and girls to reduce or avoid physical activity. This may be related to

the feeling that being active or participating in certain activities exposes one’s body to

the public (Better Health Channel, 2023).

According to the article by Contify Life Science News (2023), due to the fast

physical and psychological changes that occur throughout adolescence, teenagers are

overly obsessed with their looks and behavior, and having a poor body image can result

in health problems like eating disorders. As a result, proper body image enhancing

instruction is required.
 Body image problems affect men, particularly homosexual men, who are more

susceptible to societal pressures and unhappiness with their bodies. Surveys show 20-

40% of males report dissatisfaction with their appearance, and 77% feel criticized and

objectified based on their looks, leading to more cosmetic surgery. Promoting body

positivity, self-acceptance, and challenging unrealistic beauty standards can help

individuals feel more comfortable and confident in their skin, while providing mental

health support is crucial. Pallarito, (2016).

Pallarito, K. (2016). Many men have body image issues, too. [online] WebMD.
Available at: https://www.webmd.com/men/news/20160318/many-men-have-body-
image-issues-too

Gay men are increasingly developing unhealthy behaviors as a result of today’s

ideal body standards, such as the desire to constantly compare their bodies to those of

others and those on social media. Despite the fact that gay men in Malaysia don’t use

dangerous practices like excessive exercise or steroid use, social media has been

discovered to be one of the main predictors of body dissatisfaction in gay men (Primus,

2014).

Body image problems affect men, particularly homosexual men, who are more

susceptible to societal pressures and unhappiness with their bodies. Surveys show 20-

40% of males report dissatisfaction with their appearance, and 77% feel criticized and

objectified based on their looks, leading to more cosmetic surgery. Promoting body
positivity, self-acceptance, and challenging unrealistic beauty standards can help

individuals feel more comfortable and confident in their skin, while providing mental

health support is crucial (Pallarito, 2016).

Perceptions of one’s skin tone, physical attributes, hair color and texture, ability

status, gender identity and expression, and muscularity all contribute to feelings of body

dissatisfaction. High body dissatisfaction people believe their bodies are lower to those

of others, and they are more likely to experience sadness, loneliness, low self-esteem,

and eating disorders (Paterna et al., 2021)

In Argentina, a high proportion of women reported unfavorable alterations in their

nutrition and conception of their bodies during quarantine, including conduct deemed

dangerous to the eating problems are becoming more prevalent (Sanday et. al, 2020).

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, including body image and

eating habits, has been a global concern. Lockdowns, social isolation, and uncertainty

have affected people differently, but it's clear that these challenges have had adverse

effects on many individuals. It's essential for healthcare professionals and support

networks to be aware of these issues and provide appropriate assistance to those in

need.

Sanday, J., Scappatura, M. L., & Rutsztein, G. (2020). Impacto de la pandemia

por COVID-19 en los hábitos alimentarios y la Imagen Corporal. In XII Congreso 1130
Internacional de Investigación y Práctica Profesional en Psicología. XXVII Jornadas de
Investigación. XVI Encuentro de Investigadores en Psicología del MERCOSUR. II
Encuentro de Investigación de Terapia Ocupacional. II Encuentro de Musicoterapia.
Facultad de Psicología-Universidad de Buenos Aires.
 According to the study of (Lucibello et al., 2021; Pearl, 2020) compared the impact of

COVID-19-related social media content on young women's body images and moods, focusing

on the effects of weight-stigmatizing content and promoting acceptance and self-care,

particularly for those experiencing difficult conditions. the COVID-19 pandemic's potential good

and bad effects of various social media content categories. It emphasizes the significance of

comprehending how exposure to these messages might alter mood and body image, especially

in young women, and may offer insightful information for boosting mental health in emergency

circumstances.

Lucibello K.M., Vani M.F., Koulanova A., DeJonge M.L., Ashdown-Franks G., Sabiston
C.M. quarantine15: A content analysis of Instagram posts during COVID-19. Body
Image. 2021;38:148–156. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.04.002.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, body-positive social media content emerged,

emphasizing body acceptance, self-compassion, and self-care. This alternative

narrative aimed to counter pandemic concerns about weight and looks, despite not

being evaluated, showcasing a wider range of demographic factors. Lazuka et.al

(2020), Along with the general trend of increased health and fitness concerns during the

COVID-19 epidemic, there was a parallel social media movement that focused on body

positivity, body acceptance, self-compassion, and self-care. In response to the unique

circumstances, this content was created with the goal of easing the pandemic-related

worry about looks and weight. During the health crisis, this movement urged people to

put their attention on taking care of themselves and others rather than giving in to

cultural demands or concerns about their appearance.

Lazuka R.F., Wick M.R., Keel P.K., Harriger J.A. Are we there yet? progress in
depicting diverse images of beauty in Instagram’s body positivity movement. Body
Image. 2020;34:85–93. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.05.001.
 According to the study of Ricciardelli et. al (2015), body image distortions are

equally present across all genders. This also leads to mental health issues. The book

provides a concise overview of the many aspects relating to adolescents’ negative body

image. Additionally, it reveals how social norms, schools, sports, and the media all

contribute to the development of a negative body image.

According to the study of Robertson et. al., (2021), An extension of these findings

to COVID-19-specific content is of interest given its popularity and with a view to

providing context for other work exploring changes in body image during the COVID-19

pandemic, even though the effects of general appearance-focused and positive social

media on body image and mood have already been studied. The existing knowledge on

social media, body image, and mood with a specific focus on content related to the

COVID-19 pandemic. The unique circumstances of the pandemic, including changes in

lifestyle, health concerns, and societal shifts, make it pertinent to investigate how

exposure to pandemic-related content on social media might contribute to individuals'

perceptions of their bodies and emotional well-being.

Robertson M., Duffy F., Newman E., Bravo C.P., Ates H.H., Sharpe H. Exploring
changes in body image, eating and exercise during the COVID-19 lockdown: A UK
survey. Appetite. 2021;159 doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105062.
 According to the study of Lucibello et. al (2021), compares the impact of COVID-

19-related social media content on young women’s body images and moods, focusing

on the effects of weight-stigmatizing content and promoting acceptance and self-care,

particularly for those experiencing difficult conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic’s

potential good and bad effects of various social media content categories,

comprehending how exposure to these messages might alter mood and body image,

especially in young women, and may offer insightful information for boosting mental

health in emergency circumstances.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a social media movement emphasized body

positivity, acceptance, self-compassion, and self-care to alleviate pandemic-related

concerns about looks and weight, encouraging people to prioritize self-care over cultural

demands or appearance concerns. This alternative narrative aimed to counter

pandemic concerns about weight and looks despite not being evaluated, showcasing a

wider range of demographic factors (Lazuka et. al, 2020).

According to the study by Robertson et al. (2021), the research’s findings reveal

that COVID-19-specific content is of interest given its popularity and with a view to

providing context for other work exploring changes in body image during the COVID-19

pandemic. The unique circumstances of the pandemic, including changes in lifestyle,

health concerns, and societal shifts, make it pertinent to investigate how exposure to

pandemic-related content on social media might contribute to individuals’ perceptions of

their bodies and emotional well-being.