Fluid Mechanics II-HW#2-DL: 1403/01/12

Dr. Azadeh Jafari-Milad Ghiasi/Ahmadreza Kashefi/Ali Saeedi

#Problem1)
Consider two types of straws: one with a square cross-sectional shape and the other the typical round shape. The
length of the perimeter of the cross section of each shape is the same. The head loss per length for both straw is
the same. Assume the drink is vicious enough to ensure laminar flow and neglect the gravity.
a) Discuss whether using a Moody diagram for a noncircular cross section is accurate or not? Consider both
laminar and turbulent flow for your discussion. (10 Points)
b) For a given pressure drop, what is the flow rates through the straw. (10 Points)

Hint: Friction Factor for a fully developed Laminar Flow in a square cross-sectional shape can be obtained by
𝑓=56.9/𝑅𝑒

#Problem2)
Water at temperature of 20℃ flows in a 0.1 𝑚 diameter horizontal pipe with a volume flow rate of 𝑄=4×10−2
𝑚3/𝑠. The pressure gradient from the beginning to the end of the pipe is a constant value of Δ𝑝/𝑙=2.59 𝑘𝑃𝑎/𝑚.
a) Calculate the Darcy coefficient of friction approximately. (10 Points)
b) Calculate the approximate value of the velocity in the center line of the pipe (𝑈𝑚𝑎𝑥) by considering the power-
law profile. (Note that the power-law profile of velocity can have different 𝑛 at different Reynolds numbers)
(10 Points)
c) Calculate the ratio of turbulent shear stress to the laminar shear stress (𝜏𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏/𝜏𝑙𝑎𝑚) at the center of the pipe cross-
section (𝑟=𝑅/2). (10 Points)
The density and kinematic viscosity at the mentioned temperature are 𝜌=998𝑘𝑔/𝑚3, 𝜈=10−6𝑚2𝑠, respectively.

#Problem3)
In the figure below, all of the pipes are made of cast iron with a diameter of 8 𝑐𝑚. Examine the flow rate in pipe
A if valve C is (a) closed and (b) open, with 𝐾𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑒 = 0.5. (25 Points)
#Problem4)
Cooling water is pumped from a reservoir to rock drills on a construction job using the pipe system shown. The
pipe has zero roughness with a length and diameter of 𝐿=150 𝑚, and 𝐷=0.2 𝑚, respectively. Determine the power
required by the pump to supply a head of Δℎ=75 𝑚. (Assume the pump is ideal.) (25 Points)