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SCHOOL OF LAW (University of Karachi)

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Assessment Cover Sheet for Submission of Assignments
Obtained:

STUDENT/S:

Name Seat/ Enrolment No. Course title: HISTORY

Course code: 302(G)

BASMAH JAWAID H1964029 Class: B.A/LLB (2ND SEM)

Assignment no: 01
Submission date: 09 Feb 2021
Word count: 1800
Due date: 9 Feb 2021
Name of course MA’AM TOUQEER
instructor
CONSEQUENCES OF PLAGIARISM AND COLLUSION

The penalties associated with plagiarism and collusion are designed to impose sanctions on offenders
that reflect the seriousness of the School of Law’s commitment to academic integrity. Penalties may
include: the requirement to revise and resubmit assessment work, receiving a result of zero for the
assessment work, failing the course, or receiving a financial penalty.

I declare that all material in this assessment is my own work except where there is clear
acknowledgement and reference to the work of others. I give permission for my assessment work to
be reproduced and submitted to other academic staff for the purposes of assessment and to be
copied, submitted to and retained by the University's plagiarism detection software provider for the
purposes of electronic checking of plagiarism.

Signed…BASMAH…. Date ………..09 Feb-2021…………

Teacher’s Feedback: For details, refer to the marking rubric. Additional Comments:
ANALYSIS OF THE NEWS OF NEWSPAPER

THIS ASSIGNMENT WILL BE SHEDING LIGHT ON THE COVID-19

EPIDEMIC IN PAKISTAN THROUGH ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN NEWS
PUBLISHED IN PAKISTANI DAWN NEWSPAPER

INTRODUCTION
The outbreak of corona virus initiated as pneumonia in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, which
spread rapidly out of Wuhan to all over the world. On January 30, 2020, the World Health
Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus outbreak as the sixth public health emergency of
international concern (PHEIC), and on March 11, 2020, the WHO announced coronavirus
as pandemic. Coronavirus in Pakistan increased in no time. The first case of coronavirus was
reported from Karachi on February 26, 2020, with estimated populace of Pakistan as 204.65
million. Successively, the virus spread into various regions nationwide and become an epidemic.
The WHO warned Pakistan that the country could encounter great challenge against the outbreak
of coronavirus in the coming time.
AS PER WHO (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION)
WHO(World Health Organization) is bringing the world’s scientists and global health
professionals together to accelerate the research and development process, and develop new
norms and standards to contain the spread of the coronavirus pandemic and help care for those
are affected by this disease.
The novel corona virus 2019 has almost affected each and every part of life ranging from,
• Business
• Communication
• Education
• Job market
• Trade and commerce
• Socialization
• Industry
• Legal sector
• Personal health
• Eating, sleeping habits; the complete lifestyle
• Small and medium sized businesses especially
• Tourism
• Culture
• Transportation
And the overall economy in a nut shell.
 • ANALYSIS
WHY WAS THERE A NEED OF LOCKDOWN? OR HOW LOCKDOWN
HAS BEEN EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING COVID-19 SPREAD?
COVID-19's daily increasing cases and deaths have led to worldwide lockdown, quarantine and
some restrictions. The lockdown, one of the social isolation restrictions, has been observed to
prevent the COVID-19 pandemic, and showed that the spread of the virus can be significantly
reduced by this preventive restriction.
Although the molecular mechanism of COVID-19 transmission pathway from human to human
is still not resolved, the principle of transmission of respiratory diseases is similar in general.
Respiratory diseases are spread by droplet scattering. In this type of spreading, a sick person is
exposed to this microbe to people around him by coughing or sneezing. In other words,
environmental factors play an important role in the transmission of this virus. This clearly leads
to the fact that you are more vulnerable to this disease if you are outside of your house and there
is a high chance that you might fall a victim to this disease. Due to these reasons, the respective
governments are persuading people to follow SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures) which
could not only save their live but also lives of many thousands.
As scientists warn that the COVID-19 virus can reach any age group quickly so there is no point
of not following the hygiene instructions and for how long can we sit at our homes? Whenever a
lockdown is imposed, we must keep in minds that it demands a massive renewal of the whole
environment because of the closure of factories and industries which mostly includes the
working class people who are the most affected due to lockdowns.

CONCLUSION -- FUTURE -- AND THE SIDE EFFECTS OF LOCKDOWN

It was determined that stress (8.0%) and depression (16.0–28.0%) were psychological reactions
during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was determined that stress (8.0%) and depression (16.0–
28.0%) were psychological reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, it is clear that
having confirmed cases and mortality rates due to the COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on mental
health problems. The people who are staying alone are not just affecting their physical health but mental
as well which is also pointing towards that the problems like depression must not be ignored.
 • ANALYSIS
As per the reports of some media it is said that the death ratio in Pakistan is
low as compared to other countries. The prime reason is following of SOPs in
the first and second waves of covid-19. Also, the NDMA (National Disaster
and Management Authority) had provided PPEs (Personal protective
equipment), including N-95 masks, gowns and gloves to 152 hospitals just
after one month the virus entered Pakistan. A persistent resurge in deaths and
number of the coronavirus cases has made the health authorities concerned in
Punjab as compared to other provinces.

REASONS BEHIND INCREASED DEATH TOLL IN THE

PROVINCE OF PUNJAB
On 9th April 2020, Prime Minister, Imran Khan, expected that the burden on
the country's healthcare system would increase by the end of this month, but
Baluchistan might not face a worsening situation due to sparse population.

Now this statement leads us to think that the highly populated province of
Pakistan, Punjab was likely to experience greater number of deaths and this
statement was released when Pakistani government was also looking at the
numbers of cases of covid-19 in India and Bangladesh as their population
trends were similar to Pakistan's. So, this points towards the fact that why the
government did not take special health care measures to overcome the
increasing number of deaths in Punjab.

CONCLUSION --- OTHER SIDE OF THE STORY

Under the given policy made on the recommendations of the Corona

Experts Advisory Group (CEAG) Punjab, the Punjab government had
allowed the coronavirus positive patients to isolate themselves on their own,
mainly to ease the enormous burden on the public health facilities across the
province. Moreover, he doctors mainly blame the delay in the reporting of
most of such cases to the hospitals after detection of the virus. They say that
such patients were being shifted to the hospitals in an advanced stage of the
disease, declaring it one of the prime reasons behind the high death rate in
Punjab. Since, the government once again proved to shift blame to the people.
 • ANALYSIS
There is nothing wrong in saying that Pakistan is one of those countries worst affected by
COVID-19 and livelihoods of the people were hardest hit by Covid-19 Pandemic. Like
elsewhere, the protection and creation of jobs is perhaps the second biggest challenge after the
health crisis in Pakistan.

THE MAJOR REASONS BEHIND THE ASCENDING UNEMPLOYMENT

I feel like major victims of the COVID-19 outbreak are micro, small, and medium-sized
enterprises (MSMEs) because these businesses are the backbone of economy. The reason is
MSMEs, in comparison to large enterprises, usually do not possess sufficient resources,
especially financial and managerial, and are not prepared for such disruptions.
In Pakistan, the first lockdown which was imposed in the month of March 2020 severely
affected majority of livelihoods, got a little back to less severe in the month of July 2020.
People got used to alternative techniques when the lockdown was lifted. Also, that charity by
individuals, businesses or the government provided a temporary relief to the poor. As stated
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) by “The country’s 35 per cent (about 55.74m) population
of 10 years and older was working before the onset of Covid-19, but due to closure of
activities after implementation of lockdowns, this declined to 22pc (about 35.04m people) which
means almost 20.76m population was affected”. This survey also indicates that majority of the
people did not have exposure to online jobs because of the element of illiteracy and they
ultimately had to face the loss of livelihood. This meeting also put forward the idea of creating a
decision support system for inflation (DSSI) as a part of government’s DIGITAL PAKISTAN
PROGRAMME. This initiative will be enabling the policymakers; National Price Monitoring
Committee, provincial governments and district administration to take evidence-based policy
decision and address causes of inflation in the country. This kind of initiative will also improve
the district level administration as this serves as the very crucial part in the employment sector.

CONCLUSION – THE ADAPTIVE MEASURES TO BE IMPLEMENTED

The fact here cannot be denied that Pakistan’s growth in technology has not just revived the jobs
sector but also to health sector, legal market, banking services, e-commerce and a lot more.
Pakistan's economy is shrinking, unemployment is rising and various sectors are in crisis. In such
times, the concerned authorities such as Ministry of labour and employment are bound to
descend the rate of unemployment by launching policies and schemes which are in favour of
working class especially.
• PROTECTION OF EMPLOYEES AND INFORMATION ACCURACY
The protection of people is very necessary amid of COVID-19 outbreak because the disease is
very contagious and deadly. Moreover, in times of heightened tension, information accuracy
plays an important role to update the stakeholders about the situation and operation of the
business. Without the assistance of the government, the businesses and individuals cannot
survive from the crisis.
• PLANNING AND RESILIENCE CAPABILITY
Additionally, building resilience capability and positive social relations are usually regarded as
effective strategies for these businesses during disaster times. Similarly, ILO also suggested that
the policy actions must cover the health and safety of workers, economic stimulation, and
income and employment support.

• FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE AND OTHER SUBSIDIES

The government must consider providing loans to these businesses to combat the ongoing crisis.
Businesses may not survive during the ongoing crisis without the support of government
authorities. Local, provincial, and national authorities can consider providing disaster assistance
loans to people impacted by COVID-19.
 • ANALYSIS
Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious viral
disease, which mainly affects young children.
Over the past 25 years, The Pakistan Polio
Eradication Programme has been fighting to end
the crippling poliovirus. The initiative is driven
by up to 260,000 polio vaccinators, the
largest surveillance network in the world. Polio
has been eradicated in all countries except
Afghanistan and Pakistan.
The five day national Polio Eradication Drive
monitored by, National Emergency Operation
Centre, has increased dedicated and highly
committed frontline workers who routinely
vaccinate children nationwide to boost the polio
immunisation drive. Polio has had drastic
effects on the health of the population of
Pakistan and on the nation's healthcare
infrastructure and economy. The WHO
estimates that 65–75% of polio cases in
developing countries occur in children under 3
years of age, with 95% of all cases occurring in
children under 5 years of age.
WHY IS POLIO STILL HERE? WHAT
ARE THE POTENTIAL REASONS
AFFECTING POLIO ERADICATON?
The Pakistani government workers, public
health officials, and community members have
been unable to eradicate polio up to date in
Pakistan. There is no doubt that our field
immunisation staff and the security personnel protecting them have faced unprecedented attacks
in a difficult, and in some cases, deadly, working environment. But with the security situation
now much improved, the question of why we are witnessing one of the largest polio surges since
2014 remains unanswered.
KEY FACTOR
The battle against extremist mindset seems bigger matter to handle than the battle against polio.
One of the highlighting key issues in the failure of this Campaign is not openly talked about and
this eradication scheme is considered a foreign programme in some areas of Pakistan as some of
the local leaders are not seen leading it.
POTENTIAL ROLE OF SAUDIA ARABIA
Given that over 10% (200,000) of the Hajj pilgrims are Pakistani, Saudi Arabia has a vested
interest in eradication campaigns in Pakistan to prevent spread during Hajj. One possible avenue
for the Muslim world to eliminate the polio threat is to have local mosques and community
centres promote vaccination, emphasizing that the sanctity of life is foremost.
CONCLUSION
The basic reason that Pakistani government has got its eye set on this polio eradication
programme because we are already amid of global pandemic and the current Pakistan’s fragile
healthcare system is not in a condition to take the burden of another emerging disease.
To achieve success, we need real partnerships in which local input is used to shape the work plan
and strategies in a meaningful way. What we need in Pakistan is to accept that polio eradication
is not solely the domain of international agencies; but the government of Pakistan should also
take ownership. Real ownership comes with local funding, local strategy development, and
political leadership at the forefront.
It is time that we not only call the rise of polio a national emergency (we declared it sometime
back), but also really mean it.