SOLUTIONS TO ASSIGNMENT 3 (PHY 103)

MATRIC NUMBER: 241895

1.)Proving that β= 2α
∆l
From, α ∆T
𝑙𝑖
∆𝐴
α ∆T
𝐴𝑖

(Ai) INITIAL AREA = Li × Wi

(Af) FINAL AREA = (Li +∆l) × (Wi+∆w)
Assume the coefficient of linear expansion to be the
same
∆l
= α ∆T
𝑙1

∆L = Liα∆T
Af = (Li + Liα∆T)(Wi + Wiα∆T)
Factorize the common terms in each of the terms
above
Af= Li(1+α∆T) Wi(1+α∆T)
Af = LiWi(1+α∆T)2
Af = LiWi(1+2α∆T+(α∆T)2)
∆A =Af – Ai
∆A = LiWi(1+2α∆T+(α∆T)2) – LiWi
∆A = LiWi(2α∆T + (α∆T)2)
Divide by Ai, since Ai = LiWi
∆𝐴
= 2α∆T+(α∆T)2
𝐴𝑖

Since α is very small, then (α∆T)2 will be small

compared to α∆T
∆𝐴
= 2α∆T
𝐴𝑖
∆𝐴
= 2α
𝐴𝑖 × ∆𝑇

β = 2α( Proved)
2.) Length = 30.0cm
Diameter = 1.50cm
∆T = 65◦C
∆L =?
∆D =?
∆V=?
α = 9.00 × 10-6◦C
From
∆l
α ∆T(Proportionality)
𝑙1
∆l
= α∆T
𝑙1

∆L = Li×α×∆T
= 30 × 9×10-6 × 65
∆L = 0.01755cm or 0.0001755m
b.)∆D = α × ∆T ×D
Since diameter is proportional to the length
∆D = 9×10-6 × 1.5 ×65
∆D = 0.0008775cm or 8.775 × 10-6m
c.) Increase in the volume, since it is a cylinder
Volume = πr2h

Radius is half of the diameter (d/2)

Radius = 1.5cm/2
=0.75cm
The height is the length
22
×0.75×0.75×30
7
371.25
= 7

= 53.03cm3
∆𝑉
Also, from =3α∆T
𝑉𝑖

ϒ =3α
∆V = Vi × 3 × α × ∆T
∆V = 53.036 × 3 × 9× 10-6 × 65
∆V = 0.0931cm3
3.) Increase in length of brass + increase in length of
steel = 5.0Ϥm
∆𝐿
=α∆T
𝐿𝑖

∆L = Liα∆T
For steel
∆Ls = 0.010m × 11 × 10-6 × ∆T
= 0.00000011∆T
For brass
∆Lb = 0.030 × 19 × 10-6 × ∆T
= 0.00000057∆T
The total change in length which occurs at the
temperature change ∆T for both materials is equal to
5 micrometer
∆Ls + ∆Lb = 5.0Ϥm
0.00000057 + 0.00000011∆T = 5.0Ϥm
Factorize ∆T
∆T(0.00000068) = 5.0 × 10-6
∆T = 5 × 10-6 / 6.8 × 10 -7

∆T = 7.35◦C
So, the temperature where short circuit occurs =
28.70◦C + 7.35◦C
b.) Change in length of brass at that temperature
The temperature change is 7.35◦C
∆𝐿
From =α∆T
𝐿𝑏

∆L = Lb × α × ∆T
∆L = 0.030 × 19 × 10-6 × 7.35
∆Lb = 4.1895 × 10-6m
Change in the length of steel
∆L = Ls × ∆T × α
= 0.010 × 7.35 × 11 × 10-6
8.085 × 10-7m